Optical distance measuring apparatus

Abstract: An optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process wherein a processing system including a central processing unit (10) and a digital type mix-down circuit (8) detects and calculates a phase difference between the electrical phase of a signal outputted from a light receiving portion in response to receipt of a reflected light beam and the electrical phase of a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator (1) so as to determine a distance between the apparatus and an object to be measured with reference to the electrical phase of a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator (9) is disclosed. A circuit system of the processing system on the light receiving side includes a ladder resistance type attenuation circuit (51), a multiplexer (52), an alternate current amplifier (6), a wave shape correcting circuit (7) and a signal amplitude detecting circuit (11). When the signal amplitude detecting circuit (11) detects that the signal derived from the reflected light beam has an amplitude in excess of a predetermined value, the central processing unit (10) controls the multiplexer (52) so as to reduce a magnitude of the amplitude. In addition, an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a time difference detecting process is disclosed.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process. More particularly, the present invention relates to an optical distance measuring apparatus of the aforementioned type wherein a distance between the apparatus and an objected to be measured can optically be determined with a high accuracy. Further, the present invention relates to an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a time difference detecting process. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a typical conventional optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process will briefly be described below with reference to Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the conventional optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process, particularly illustrates the whole structure of the apparatus. The apparatus includes a reference oscillating circuit 1 from which a reference signal is outputted to a light emitting element 3 via a buffer gate circuit 2 in the form of an optical signal. Subsequently, as the light emitting element 3 is activated in response to the reference signal outputted from the reference oscillating circuit 1, a distance measuring light beam L 1 is emitted toward an object P to be measured through an optical lens system (not shown). Thereafter, the distance measuring light beam L 1 is reflected from the object P in the form of a reflected light beam L 2 which in turn is received by a light receiving element 4. After the receipt of the reflected light beam L 2 , an output derived from the reflected light beam L 2 is inputted into an alternate current amplifier 6 via an automatic gain controlling amplifier 5, and the amplified output signal is then inputted into a digital type mix-down circuit 8 via a wave form correcting circuit 7. The mix-down circuit 8 is adapted to operate to reduce the number of a frequency of each signal based on a phase difference between the electrical phase of the reference signal outputted from the reference oscillating circuit 1 and the electrical phase of a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator 9 without any variation of informations on these electrical phases. Subsequently, an output generated from the reference oscillating circuit 1 in the form of a reference signal and an output derived from the reflected light beam L 2 received by the light receiving element 4 are inputted into a central processing unit 10 which in turn determines a distance between the apparatus and the object P by counting the phase difference between the electrical phase of the reference signal and the electrical phase of the amplified signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 transmitted from the light receiving element 4. It should be noted that in view of the fact that an optical lens system (not shown) employable for the conventional optical measuring apparatus is well known by any expert in the art, detailed description on the optical lens system is neglected for the purpose of simplification. However, it has been found with respect to the conventional optical distance measuring apparatus constructed in the above-described manner that a large number of data on phase correction are required because a phase delay varies dependent on an extent of amplification in the automatic gain controlling amplifier 5, causing the phase error associated with the resultant gain failing to be correctly compensated. Thus, there arises a malfunction that the distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured can not be determined with a high accuracy. The present invention has been made with the foregoing background in mind. An object of the present invention is to provide an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process wherein a phase error associated with a gain can correctly be compensated so as to determine a distance between the apparatus and an object to be measured. Other object of the present invention is to provide an optical distance measuring apparatus of the aforementioned type which assures that a distance measuring operation can be performed with a high accuracy. Another object of the present invention relates to an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a time difference detecting process wherein a distance between the apparatus and an object to be measured can be determined based on a time difference between the time when a signal outputted from a light receiving portion in response to receipt of a reflected light beam is inputted into a central processing unit and the time when a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator is inputted into the central processing unit. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process, wherein the apparatus comprises a light emitting portion including a light emitting element and a light source from which a distance measuring light beam is emitted toward an object to be measured; an optical lens system for allowing the distance measuring light beam to be oriented to the object to be measured from which the distance measuring light beam is reflected in the form of a reflected light beam; a light receiving portion including a light receiving element for receiving a reflected light beam reflected from the object to be measured through the optical lens system; and a processing system comprising a circuit system on the light emitting side and a circuit system on the light receiving side and including a central processing unit and a digital type mix-down circuit for detecting and calculating a phase difference between the electrical phase of a signal derived from the reflected light beam and the electrical phase of a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator electrically connected to the light emitting portion via a buffer gate circuit so as to determine a distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured with reference to the electrical phase of a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator, wherein the circuit system on the light receiving side includes a demodulating circuit electrically connected to the light receiving portion, an attenuation circuit comprising a series connection of resistors, a multiplexer, an alternate current amplifier, a wave shape correcting circuit electrically connected to the central processing unit via the mix-down circuit and a signal amplitude detecting circuit the input side of which is electrically connected to the alternate current amplifier and the output side of which is electrically connected to the central processing unit. In addition, according to other aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a time difference detecting process, wherein the apparatus comprises a light emitting portion including a light emitting element and a light source from which a distance measuring light beam is emitted toward an object to be measured; an optical lens system for allowing the distance measuring light beam to be oriented to the object to be measured from which the distance measuring light beam is reflected in the form of a reflected light beam; a light receiving portion including a light receiving element for receiving a reflected light beam reflected from the object to be measured through the optical lens system; and a processing system comprising a circuit system on the light emitting side and a circuit system on the light receiving side and including a central processing unit and a digital type mix-down circuit for detecting and calculating a time difference between the time when a signal outputted from the light receiving portion in response to receipt of the reflected light beam is inputted into the central processing unit and the time when a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator electrically connected to the light emitting portion via a buffer gate circuit is inputted into the central processing unit so as to determine a distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured with reference to the time when a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator is inputted into the central processing unit, wherein the circuit system on the light receiving side includes a demodulating circuit electrically connected to the light receiving portion, an attenuation circuit comprising a series connection of resistors, a multiplexer, an alternate current amplifier, a wave shape correcting circuit electrically connected to the central processing unit via the mix-down circuit and a signal amplitude detecting circuit the input side of which is electrically connected to the alternate current amplifier and the output side of which is electrically connected to the central processing unit. The circuit system on the light emitting side includes a modulating circuit electrically connected to the light emitting portion and a buffer gate circuit electrically connected to the reference oscillator. The attenuation circuit includes connection points at respective series-connected resistors, and one of the connection points is changeably selected by the central processing unit so as to allow the selected connection point in the attenuation circuit to be electrically connected to the corresponding passage in the multiplexer, whereby the signal derived from the reflected light beam is inputted into the mix-down circuit via the alternate current amplifier and the wave shape correcting circuit. When the signal amplitude detecting circuit detects that the signal derived from the reflected light beam has an amplitude in excess of a predetermined value, the central processing unit changeably controls the multiplexer so as to reduce a magnitude of the amplitude of the signal. In addition, the central processing unit contains data on phase correction corresponding to a passage in the multiplexer by way of which the signal derived from the reflected light beam passes, so as to correct data on the measured distance with reference to the data on phase correction. Additionally, the attenuation circuit includes a plurality of channels one of which is taken as a reference channel. To assure that a distance measuring operation is performed with a high accuracy, data representing an error appearing between adjacent channels associated with the reference channel is memorized in a memory of the central processing unit so as to properly compensate an error when the latter practically appears therebetween. Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will readily become apparent from reading of the following description which has been made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is illustrated in the following drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process according to an embodiment of the present invention, schematically illustrating the whole structure of the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a fragmentary block diagram of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, particularly illustrating arrangement of a ladder resistance type attenuating circuit and a multiplexer in the apparatus; and Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Now, the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention, respectively. It should be noted that same components to those of the conventional optical distance measuring apparatus described above with reference to Fig. 1 are represented by same reference numerals, and moreover, no detailed description is made with respect to an optical lens system employable for the optical distance measuring apparatus of the present invention for the same reason described above with respect to the conventional optical distance measuring apparatus, i.e., for the purpose of simplification, because the optical lens system is well known by any expert in the art. In general, a process of optically measuring a distance is usually classified into five process, one of them being a light wave interference process wherein the wavelength of a light beam is taken as a reference representing a certain length, other one being an optical intensity modulating process wherein a light beam having a constant optical intensity is converted into a strong/weak light beam by employing certain means or the wavelength of a light beam which is determined dependent on the modulated frequency of the light beam specific to a light source adapted to output a strong/weak light beam is taken as a reference, another one being a phase difference detecting process wherein a phase difference between the electrical phase of a modulated signal derived from a distance measuring light beam to be emitted from a light source and the electrical phase of a demodulated signal derived from a reflected light beam received by a light receiving portion is detected and calculated to determine a distance, further another one being a time difference detecting process wherein a time difference when the time when a signal outputted from a light receiving portion in response to receipt of a reflected light beam is inputted into a central processing unit and the time when a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator is inputted into the central processing unit, and still further another one being a process wherein a long distance is measured by utilizing the speed of a light beam. Here, it should be noted that the phase difference detecting process briefly described above with reference to Fig. 3 and the time difference detecting process are employed to carry out the present invention. In other words, an optical distance measuring apparatus, to which the present invention is applied, is adapted to operate not only in accordance with the phase difference detecting process but also in accordance with the time difference detecting process. Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the apparatus includes a ladder resistance type attenuation circuit 51 which is electrically connected to a light receiving element 4 in an optical lens system, and an output from a ladder resistance type attenuation circuit 51 is then inputted into a multiplexer 52. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, in response to an input/output shift signal transmitted from a central processing unit (hereinafter referred to simply as CPU) 10, a connection point at a certain ladder in the attenuation circuit 51 is selectively electrically connected to one of passages in the multiplexer 52 via the corresponding channel. It should be added that a buffer circuit which is not shown in Fig. 1 may be arranged at the preceding stage of the attenuation circuit 51 while it is located between the light receiving element 4 and the attenuation circuit 51. The signal which has been selected by the multiplexer 52 is transmitted to an alternate current amplifier 6 in which it is amplified, and the thus amplified signal is inputted into a digital type mix-down circuit 8 via a wave shape correcting circuit 7 in the same manner as mentioned above with reference to Fig. 3. The multiplexer 52 is adapted to reduce the number of a frequency of each signal based on a phase difference between the electrical phase of a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator 1 and the electrical phase of a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator 9 without any variation of informations on these electrical phases. In other words, according to the present invention, the multiplexer 52 serves in the same manner as the digital type mix-down circuit in the conventional optical distance measuring apparatus described above with reference to Fig. 3. An output from the reference oscillator 1 in the form of a reference signal which has been subjected to frequency conversion in the mix-down circuit 8 and an output from the light receiving element 4 in response to receipt of a reflected light beam L 2 are inputted via the aforementioned circuits into the CPU 10 which in turn determines a distance between the apparatus and an object P to be measured with a high accuracy by counting the phase difference between the electrical phase of the reference signal and the electrical phase of the amplified signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 . In this case, e.g., when it is assumed that the reference signal outputted from the reference oscillator 1 has a frequency of 1.2 MHz and the local oscillation signal outputted from the local oscillator 9 has a frequency of 1.19904 MHz, the apparatus makes it possible to convert the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 into a signal having a frequency of 960 Hz while exhibiting the same electrical phase as that of the reference signal derived from the reference oscillator 1. With such construction, it is actually true that the apparatus of the present invention can determine a distance between the apparatus and the object P to be measured. However, since an optical quantity of the reflected light beam L 2 received by the light receiving element 4 varies dependent on the distance between the apparatus and the object P, there arises a malfunction that an amplitude of the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 varies when the signal is amplified in the alternate current amplifier 6, resulting in the amplitude of the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 being increased remarkably. In addition, once the amplitude of the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 of which electrical intensity has been amplified in the alternate current amplifier 6 is increased, there arises another malfunction that a transmission time varies due to many factors such as distortion of a wave form, a screw rate of the alternate current amplifier 6 or the like, resulting in the present electrical phase of the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 failing to be measured with a high accuracy. In view of the aforementioned malfunctions, according to the present invention, the apparatus is provided with a signal amplitude detecting circuit 11 for detecting an amplitude of the signal amplified in the alternate current amplifier 6. When the signal amplitude detecting circuit 11 detects that the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 has an amplitude in excess of a predetermined value, the CPU 10 controls the multiplexer 52 such that the present passage in the multiplexer 52 is changed to another one so as to reduce a magnitude of the present amplitude. However, when a passage for allowing the signal of the reflected light beam L 2 having a high frequency to be transmitted therethrough is changed to another one or components through which the signal of the same passes are changed to another ones, there arises another malfunction that a transmission delay time varies, resulting in the distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured failing to be determined with a high accuracy. To obviate the foregoing malfunction, according to the present invention, in view of the fact that when the present passage in the multiplexer 52 is changed to another one, a pattern on a printed circuit board is changed to another one or components for allowing the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 to pass therethrough are changed to another ones but a delay time appearing between adjacent channels in the attenuation circuit 51 assumes a certain constant value in a case where the signal of the reflected light beam L 2 is restrictively defined to have a specific amplitude as mentioned above, arrangement is made such that the CPU 10 contains data on phase correction corresponding to the passage in the multiplexer 52 through which the signal of the reflected light beam L 2 passes so that the CPU 10 corrects data on the measured distance with reference to the data on phase correction. In addition, according to the present invention, one of plural channels in the attenuation circuit 51 is taken as a reference channel, and moreover, only an error appearing between adjacent channels associated with the reference channel is memorized in a ROM of the CPU 10 so as to compensate an error when the latter practically appears between the foregoing adjacent channels. Specifically, since an actual delay time specific to adjacent channels appearing when the reference signal outputted from the reference oscillator 1 is initially inputted into the CPU 10 is memorized in the ROM of the CPU 10, the apparatus makes it possible to obtain an exact value representing the distance between the apparatus and the object by properly adjusting the initially memorized value even when the present passage in the multiplexer 52 is changed to another one. In contrast with the conventional apparatus, the apparatus of the present invention makes it possible to widen the range where the distance between the apparatus and the object can be measured with the apparatus of the present invention, by employing electrical means even though the present gain is changed to another one. It should be noted that in addition to the aforementioned circuits, a processing system for the apparatus of the present invention includes a modulating circuit, a demodulating circuit and others each of which is an essential component for the apparatus but since these circuits are well known by any expert in the art, illustration and description on these circuits are neglected for the purpose of simplification. As described above, according to the present invention, the apparatus is constructed such that an output from the light receiving element 4 in response to receipt of the reflected light beam L 2 is inputted into the attenuation circuit 51, one of connection points on respective ladders in the attenuation circuit 51 is selectively changeably connected to the corresponding passage in the multiplexer 52, and moreover, the signal selected by the multiplexer 52 is amplified in the alternate current amplifier 6 so as to allow the amplified signal to be inputted into the mix-down circuit 8 via the wave shape correcting signal 7. With such construction, the distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured can be determined with a high accuracy with the aid of the CPU 10 based on a phase difference between the electrical phase of the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 and the electrical phase of the reference signal outputted from the reference oscillator 1 in accordance with the phase difference detecting process. Alternatively, the distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured may be determined with the aid of the CPU 10 based on a time difference between the time when the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 is inputted into the mix-down circuit 8 and the time when the reference signal outputted from the reference oscillator 1 is inputted into the same in accordance with the time difference detecting process. In addition, the CPU 10 contains data on phase correction ion corresponding to the passage in the multiplexer 52 for allowing the signal derived from the reflected light beam L 2 to pass therethrough, and moreover, the CPU 10 corrects data on the measured distance with reference to the data on phase correction. Thus, the apparatus of the present invention can properly compensate a phase error corresponding to a certain gain. Additionally, one of plural channels in the attenuation circuit 51 is taken as a reference channel and only an error appearing between adjacent channels associated with a reference channel is memorized in the ROM of the CPU 10. Thus, a value representing the distance between the apparatus and the object to be measured can be determined with a high accuracy.

Claims: An optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a phase difference detecting process, comprising; a light emitting portion including a light emitting element (3) and a light source from which a distance measuring light beam (L 1 ) is emitted toward an object (P) to be measured, an optical lens system for allowing said distance measuring light beam to be oriented to said object to be measured from which said distance measuring light beam is reflected in the form of a reflected light beam (L 2 ), a light receiving portion including a light receiving element (4) for receiving a reflected light beam (L 2 ) reflected from said object to be measured through said optical lens system, and a processing system comprising a circuit system on the light emitting side and a circuit system on the light receiving side and including a central processing unit (10) and a digital type mix-down circuit (8) for detecting and calculating a phase difference between the electrical phase of a signal derived from said reflected light beam (L 2 ) and the electrical phase of a reference signal outputted from a reference oscillator (1) electrically connected to said light emitting portion via a buffer gate circuit (2) so as to determine a distance between said apparatus and said object to be measured with reference to the electrical phase of a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator (9), characterized in that said circuit system on the light receiving side includes a demodulating circuit electrically connected to said light receiving portion, an attenuation circuit (51) comprising a series-connection of resistors, a multiplexer (52), an alternate current amplifier (6), a wave shape correcting circuit (7) electrically connected to said central processing unit via said mix-down circuit (8) and a signal amplitude detecting circuit (11) the input side of which is electrically connected to said alternate current amplifier (6) and the output side of which is electrically connected to said central processing unit (10). The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said circuit system on the light emitting side includes a modulating circuit electrically connected to said light emitting portion and a buffer gate circuit (2) electrically connected to said reference oscillator (1). The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein one of the connection points at respective series-connected resistors in said attenuation circuit (51) is changeably selected by said central processing unit (10) so as to allow said selected connection point in said attenuation circuit (51) to be electrically connected to the corresponding passage in said multiplexer (52), whereby said signal derived from said reflected light beam is inputted into said mix-down circuit (8) via said alternate current amplifier (6) and said wave shape correcting circuit (7). The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein when said signal amplitude detecting circuit (11) detects that said signal derived from said reflected light beam has an amplitude in excess of a predetermined value, said central processing unit (10) changeably controls said multiplexer (52) so as to reduce a magnitude of said amplitude. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said central processing unit (10) contains data on phase correction corresponding to a passage in said multiplexer (52) by way of which said signal derived from said reflected light beam (L 2 ) passes, so as to correct data on the measured distance with reference to said data on phase correction. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said attenuation circuit (51) includes a plurality of channels one of which is taken as a reference channel and wherein data representing an error appearing between adjacent channels associated with said reference channel are memorized in a memory of said central processing unit so as to properly compensate an error when the latter practically appears therebetween. An optical distance measuring apparatus operable in accordance with a time difference detecting process, comprising; a light emitting portion including a light emitting element (3) and a light source from which a distance measuring light beam (L 1 ) is emitted toward an object (P) to be measured, an optical lens system for allowing said distance measuring light beam to be oriented toward said object to be measured from which said distance measuring light beam is reflected in the form of a reflected light beam (L 2 ), a light receiving portion including a light receiving element (4) for receiving a reflected light beam reflected from said object to be measured through said optical lens system, and a processing system comprising a circuit system on the light emitting side and a circuit system on the light receiving side and including a central processing unit (10) and a digital type mix-down circuit (8) for detecting and calculating a time difference between the time when a signal outputted from said light receiving portion in response to receipt of said reflected light beam (L 2 ) is inputted into said central processing unit and the time when a reference signal outputted (1) from a reference oscillator electrically connected to said light emitting portion via a buffer gate circuit (2) is inputted into said central processing unit so as to determine a distance between said apparatus and said object to be measured with reference to the time when a local oscillation signal outputted from a local oscillator (9) is inputted into said central processing unit (10), characterized in that said circuit system on the light receiving side includes a demodulating circuit electrically connected to said light receiving portion, an attenuation circuit (51) comprising a series-connection of resistors, a multiplexer (52), an alternate current amplifier (6), a wave shape correcting circuit (7) electrically connected to said central processing unit via said mix-down circuit (8) and a signal amplitude detecting circuit (11) the input side of which is electrically connected to said alternate current amplifier (6) and the output side of which is electrically connected to said central processing unit (10). The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said circuit system on the light emitting side includes a modulating circuit electrically connected to said light emitting portion and a buffer gate circuit (2) electrically connected to said reference oscillator (1). The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein one of the connection points at respective series-connected resistors in said attenuation circuit is changeably selected by said central processing unit (10) so as to allow said selected connection point in said attenuation circuit (51) to be electrically connected to the corresponding passage in said multiplexer (52) whereby said signal derived from said reflected light beam is inputted into said mix-down circuit (8) via said alternate current amplifier (6) and said wave shape correcting circuit (7). The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein when said signal amplitude detecting circuit (11) detects that said signal derived from said reflected light beam has an amplitude in excess of a predetermined value, said central controlling unit (10) changeably controls said multiplexer (52) so as to reduce a magnitude of said amplitude. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said central processing unit (10) contains data on phase correction corresponding to a passage in said multiplexer (52) by way of which said signal derived from said reflected light beam (L 2 ) passes, so as to correct data on the measured distance with reference to said data on phase correction. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said attenuation circuit (51) includes a plurality of channels one of which is taken as a reference channel and wherein data representing an error appearing between adjacent channels associated with said reference channel is memorized in a memory of said central processing unit so as to properly compensate an error when the latter practically appears therebetween.

Inventors: IWASAKI KAZUHISA, KIMURA SHIGERU, KITAMURA HIDEKI, OHMAMYUDA YUKIO, SENOO YASUSHI, SETO TAKAO, SUGIMURA KAZUHIKO, TANABE TORU, IWASAKI, KAZUHISA, KIMURA, SHIGERU, KITAMURA, HIDEKI, OHMAMYUDA, YUKIO, SENOO, YASUSHI, SETO, TAKAO, SUGIMURA, KAZUHIKO, TANABE, TORU, SETO, TAKAO YUTAKAHAITSU NAKAYAMA 101,
Applicants: STANLEY ELECTRIC CO LTD, STANLEY ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G01S17
IPC codes: G01S17, G01S7