Process cartridge and image forming system

Abstract: An image forming system for forming an image on a recording sheet, comprising a shiftable image bearing member, a cleaning member contacting with the image bearing member to remove toner remaining on the image bearing member, and charger means contacting with the image bearing member and disposed at a downstream side of the cleaning member in a shifting direction of the image bearing member. Lublicant having low resistance is painted on a contacting area between the image bearing member and the cleaning member.

Description: The present invention relates to image forming apparatus, such as process cartridges, and to image forming machines. In the past, in an electrophotographic system as an example of image forming systems, a corona charger was used as a charger means. However, the corona charger arose a problem that not only it requires a high voltage but also a cleaning means for corona wires is required. To the contrary, charger means of contact type using a conductive roller, conductive blade and the like have recently been put to practical use. It has been ascertained that such charger means provide an advantage that they do not require not only a large electric power source with a low pressure process but also special cleaning means. In such charging means of contact type, the charging potential is generated on an object to be charged by contacting a conductive charger member with the object to be charged and by applying a voltage so as to cause the discharge in a gap between the charger member and the object to be charged. The object can be uniformly charged by applying to it a voltage obtained by overlapping an AC voltage to the DC voltage corresponding to the charging potential. More specifically, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,851,950, the object to be charged can be uniformly charged by producing an alternating electric field having the peak-to-peak voltage more than twice of the charging start voltage upon application of the DC voltage to the object to be charged, between the charger member and the object to be charged. Next, conventional cleaning means will be explained. In the cleaning means of the electropotographic system, generally the non-transferred residual toner remaining on a photosensitive member (image bearing member) is scratched to be removed from the photosensitive member by rotatingly contacting a cleaning roller with the photosensitive member or by abutting a cleaning blade against the photosensitive member. Particularly, in the electrophotographic systems using process cartridges, in many cases, a cleaning blade made of urethane rubber is urged against the photosensitive member in a counter direction opposite to a rotating direction of the photosensitive member, in consideration of the simple construction and inexpensiveness. However, when the cleaning blade is used, if the friction force between the blade and the photosensitive member becomes great, the blade will often be turned over to cause a so-called "blade turn-up". When toner remains at an edge of the blade, although the blade is seldom turned over because the toner acts as lubricant, during the initial operating condition of the electrophotographic system and(or) process cartridge, since the toner does not exist at the blade edge, the blade turn-up will frequency occur. To avoid this, in the past, the friction force between the photosensitive member and the cleaning blade was reduced by applying powder to the edge of the cleaning blade at the initiation of operation of the electrophotographic system and(or) process cartridge. Such powder must have the properties that it is not harmful or poisonous, that it has the particle diameter effective to prevent the blade turn-up, that it can easily be dispersed in the solvent, and that it has the excellent solvent resistance. Thus, the powder comprised of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) having the chemical equation of "-(CH 2 CF 2 ) n -", such as, for example, "KYNAR", "FORAFLON", (both Trade Mark) was mainly used. Although the PVDF has the particle diameter of about 0.1 - 0.2 µm, the secondary particle diameter thereof becomes 20 - 50 µm when aggregated, and, even when ethyl alcohol is used as the solvent, it is well dispersed in the solvent and has the good painting ability and is not dissolved in the ethyl alcohol. Thus, the PVDF was widely used as the painting or coating material for the cleaning blade. When the PVDF particles are applied to the cleaning blade abutting against the image bearing member in the charger means of contacting type, the contacting charger member must be arranged at a downstream side of the cleaning blade in a shifting direction of the photosensitive member, in consideration of the construction of the electrophotographic system. Thus, the PVDF particles passed through or excessively applied to the cleaning blade are dropped on the photosensitive member, with the result that it is feared that the dropped particles are adhered to the downstream contacting charger member. In particular, since the PVDF particles have the high aggregativity and tend to adhere to nylon resin widely used as the surface coating material for the contacting charger member, when once the PVDF particles were adhered to the surface of the contacting charger member, there arose a problem that the particles were hard to be removed even by the sliding contact between the charger member and the photosensitive member. Further, since the PVDF material is high resistive material having the inherent volume resistance value of 10 12 Ω cm or more, if such material is adhered to the surface of the contacting charger member, it is feared that the surface portions of the photosensitive member contacting with the surface of the charger member to which the material is adhered cannot be sufficiently charged, thus resulting in the poor charging. The above drawbacks inevitably occur in the systems using the contacting charger member and the cleaning blade contacting the image bearing member. Now, it is considered that an additional cleaning means is provided for removing the PVDF particles from the contacting charger member. In this case, however, it is feared that the contacting charger member is damaged due to the sliding contact between it and the cleaning means and the whole system becomes more expensive. In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording sheet, comprising: an image bearing member; a cleaning member in contact with the image bearing member for removing toner therefrom; charging means in contact with the image bearing member for charging an area of the image bearing member cleaned by the cleaning means; and a lubricant provided at a contact region between the image bearing member and the cleaning member; characterised in that: the surface of the charging means has a volume resistivity of 10 7 to 10 9 Ω cm; and the volume resistivity of the lubricant is more than 1/100 of the volume resistivity of the surface of the charging means and from 10 5 to 10 11 Ω cm. By use of a lubricant and charging means having the above properties, even if lubricant adheres to the surface of the charging means, significant black dots are not formed in the resultant image, and abnormal or poor discharging does not arise. (It should be noted that patent application EP-A-0460658 forms part of the state of the art by virtue of Article 54(3) and (4) EPC. That application discloses the use of a lubricant similar to that which will be described in detail hereinafter, but does not consider the properties of the surface of the charging means or the relative properties of the lubricant and the surface of the charging means.) The invention also provides a cleaning member for cleaning an image bearing member of an image forming apparatus or process cartridge, said member having a contact region for contacting the image bearing member and a lubricant provided at said contact region characterised in that said lubricant has a volume resistivity of from 10 5 to 10 11 Ω cm. In use of the cleaning member of the invention, the volume resistivity chosen should be at least 1/100 of the volume resistivity of the charging member of the apparatus with which the blade is to be used. Other preferred features of and subsidiary aspects of the present invention are set out in the appended claims. Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is an elevational sectional view of an image forming system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view and a side view of the cleaning member of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a charger roller of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is aperspective view of the cleaning member of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is an elevational sectional view of an image forming system according to another embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is an elevational sectional view of a process cartridge to which the present invention is applied; and Fig. 7 is an elevational sectional view of an electrophotographic copying machine on which the process cartridge of Fig. 6 can be removably mounted. Fig. 1 is an elevational sectional view of an electrophotographic image forming system (for example, a printer, copying machine and the like) to which the present invention is applied. This system will now be explained. A photosensitive drum 3 acting as an image bearing member is shifted or rotated in a direction shown by the arrow. An electrophotographic photosensitive surface 3a of the drum 3 is charged by a contacting charger roller 2 acting as a charger means. The charged surface of the photosensitive drum 3 is then exposed by image information light 4 (for example, light reflected from an original in case of the copying machine, or, laser beam corresponding to a signal from a host computer in case of the printer) to form an electrostatic latent image thereon. The latent image formed on the drum is developed by a developing sleeve 5a of a developing device 5 to be visualized as a toner image. The toner image formed on the photosensitive surface 3a is transferred onto a recording sheet S by a transfer roller 5 acting as a transfer means. The non-fused toner image transferred to the recording sheet S is then fixed onto the sheet with heat by a fixing device 7 (including a heat roller 7a and a pressure roller 7b), so that a permanent image is formed on the recording sheet S. On the other hand, non-transferred residual toner remaining on the photosensitive surface 3a is removed from the drum by a cleaning blade 1 acting as a cleaning member and contacting with the photosensitive surface 3a, thus preparing for the next image formation. The cleaning blade 1 has a rectangular free end having a thickness smaller than that of a base end (retained by a holder 1b) of the blade. Incidentally, a cassette 30 containing a plurality of recording sheets therein is removably mounted on the image forming system. A sheet supply roller 31 serves to feed out the recording sheet from the cassette 30. The fed recording sheet is sent to a pair of regist rollers 32 which serve to feed the sheet in registration with the image formed on the photosensitive surface 3a of the drum. Guides 33a - 33d serve to guide the recording sheet in a predetermined direction. A pair of ejection rollers 34 serve to eject the recording sheet on which the image was recorded onto a tray 35. Next, the charger roller 2 will be fully explained. As shown in Fig. 3, the charger roller 2 has a diameter of 12 mm and comprises a metal core 21 having a diameter of 6 mm and three functional layers 22 - 24 coating the metal core. Explaining each of these layers, a first or innermost layer 22 is made of conductive material obtained by dispersing conductive carbon powders in butadiene rubber and functions to give the roller the softness sufficient to maintain a uniform nip between the photosensitive drum and the charger roller. More particularly, it was found that the hardness of such layer having the thickness 3 mm and coated on the metal core was 55° (consequent upon the measurement test wherein the weight of 1 Kg was added to the rubber roller by means of the Asker C harness test meter). A second or intermediate layer 23 is a resistive layer the resistance of which was controlled by dispersing the conductive carbon powders in urethane rubber having a thickness of 200 µm. It was found that the actual total resistance value of the first and second layers was in the order of 10 5 Ω (consequent to the measurement test wherein a metallic tape having a width of 1 cm was wrapped around the second layer and the resistance value was measured between the metallic tape and the metal core). A third or outermost layer 24 is a coating layer having a thickness of about 5 µm and made of nylon resin. This layer is provided for preventing the bleeding of plasticizer from the inner rubber and urethane layers. However, since nylon resin alone leads in the increase in the resistance value under the low temperature and low humidity circumstances to cause the poor charging, conductive filler was dispersed in the nylon resin. Incidentally, the volume resistance value of this outermost layer was normally 10 7 - 10 9 Ω cm. The photosensitive surface 3a uniformly charged with the voltage of -700 V by the charger roller so formed is then exposed by a semi-conductor laser beam 4 modulated in intensity in response to the image signal. The electric potential of the charged portion of the photosensitive surface is changed to about - 150 V. The latent image so formed is then visualized by the developing device 5. The developing device 5 performs the inverion development with one-component negative toner. The developing method was the jamping developing method. Now, a gap or clearance of about 200 µm - 800 µm is set between the peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 5a and the photosensitive surface 3a. The toner image formed on the low electric potential portion of the photosensitive surface 3a by means of the developing device 5 is then transferred onto the recording sheet S by the transfer roller 6 to which the high voltage of 2 KV is applied. The toner image transferred to the recording sheet S is fixed to the sheet with heat by means of the fixing roller 7, and then, the recording sheet is ejected out of the image forming system. In this way, one cycle of the image formation is finished. On the other hand, as mentioned above, the residual toner (not transferred to the recording sheet S) remaining on the photosensitive surface 3a is removed from the photosensitive surface 3a by means of the downstream cleaning blade 1 and is collected into a cleaning container 1a. The blade holder 1b serves to retain the cleaning blade (cleaning member) 1. Incidentally, a screw 1c disposed within the cleaning container serves to convey the collected toner to a reservoir portion (not shown). As will be described later, in a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned charger element, developing element and cleaning element are constituted as a unit or process cartridge to facilitate the maintenance of the image forming system (printer and the like). In this respect, a chip blade made of urethane rubber as shown in Fig. 4 is used as the cleaning member to make the cartridge simpler and cheaper. As shown in Fig. 4, the chip blade or cleaning blade is so set that an abutting angle of the blade against the photosensitive surface 3a is 24°, a penetrating amount of the blade to the photosensitive surface 3a is 0.7 mm and a line pressure of the blade is 35 g/cm. By setting the cleaning blade as mentioned above, it is possible to prevent the poor cleaning and the blade turn-up during the feeding of the recording sheet. Incidentally, during the feeding of the recording sheet, since the toner remains at an edge of the cleaning blade 1 and acts as lublicant, the blade turn-up seldom occurs; however, at an initial operating condition that the toner does not exist at the blade edge, since the coefficient of friction between the cleaning blade 1 and the photosensitive surface 3a is great, the probability of occurrence of the blade turn-up will be increased. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment, low resistive lublicant 9 having relatively low resistance value is applied to or painted on an abutting portion between the photosensitive surface 3a and the cleaning member (cleaning blade) 1. The low resistive lublicant may comprise graphite fluoride particles having the chemical equation of "-(CF) n -" ("CEFBON" trade mark, sold by Central Glass Co., Ltd. in Japan), ultrafine acrylic powder, or fine or pulverized styrene powder, which have the volume resistance value of about 10 10 Ω cm smaller than that of the PVDF material. In this way, by using the low resistive lublicant, it is possible to prevent the blade turn-up and to suppress the poor charging of the photosensitive surface 3a even if the lublicant is adhered to the surface of the charger roller, thus prevented the formation of black dots on the white background in the invertion developing method. Incidentally, there is no problem so long as the volume resistance value of the low resistive lublicant is 10 5 - 10 11 Ωcm; but, preferably, the volume resistance value of the low resistive lublicant is more than 1/100 of that of the outermost layer of the charger roller. If the volume resistance value of the lublicant is less than 10 5 Ωcm, when the lublicant is dropped from the edge of the cleaning blade to reach, for example, between the charger roller and the photosensitive member or between the developing sleeve and the photosensitive member, it is feared that the abnormal discharging (leak) occurs to lead in the deterioration of the image. On the other hand, if the volume resistance value of the lublicant is more than 10 11 Ωcm, as mentioned above, it is feared that the poor discharging occurs to lead in the deterioration of the image. Now, the graphite fluoride particles ("CEFBON CMA" trade mark) used as the low resistive lublicant in the illustrated embodiment will be explained. The CEFBON CMA has the average particle diameter of about 2 µm and the low aggregativity and has the property that it is hard to be adhered to the nylon resin used as the surface protecting layer of the contacting charger means. Further, if the CEFBON CMA is adhered to the nylon resin, it is easily removed from the resin by the sliding contact between the charger member and the photosensitive member. In this case, although white dots may be produced on a black image for the initial several recording sheets, when further sheets are passed through the system, the white dot will disappear from the black image. Further, since the volume resistance value of the CEFBON CMA is low such as 10 10 Ω cm, if the CEFBON CMA is adhered to the surface of the charger roller, the poor charging is hard to occur, and thus, black dots are hard to appear on a white image. Now, the difference between the PVDF particles (KYNAR) and the graphite fluoride particles (CEFBON CMA) when they are painted on the cleaning blade 1 attached to the system as shown in Fig. 4 will be explained. Both particles were painted on the cleaning blade 1 in such a manner that they were dispersed into the ethyl alcohol with 10% by weight and were painted on the blade edge with a width of about 2 mm as shown in Fig. 2. That is to say, they were painted on both opposing flat surfaces X and Y and a flat end surface Z (connecting between the opposing surfaces X, Y) of the edge portion of the cleaning blade 1. Incidentally, the electrophotographic printer used in the test had a process speed of 100 mm/sec and was constructed as shown in Fig. 1. An OPC drum having a diameter of 30 mm was used as the photosensitive member 3a. Further, the charger roller 2 having a diameter of 12 mm was urged against the photosensitive member 3a with the total pressure of 9.8 N by a spring bias force and was rotatingly driven by the rotation of the photosensitive member 3a. The high voltage obtained by overlapping the constant-current controlled sine wave with the DC voltage of -700 V corresponding to the aimed photosensitive charging potential Vd was applied to the charger roller 2. In practice, since the constant-current value was controlled with 600 µA, the peak-to-peak voltage value of the sine wave generated on the charger roller became 2000 V. The test result is shown in the following Table 1: Initial After 5 sheets After 5000 sheets white dot black dot white dot black dot white dot black dot KYNAR X X X X ○ Δ CEFBON X ○ Δ ○ ○ ○ In the above Table 1, "white dot" means white dot on black copy (or solid copy); "black dot" means black dot on white copy' "O" indicates that the dot does not appear on the copy or image; "Δ" indicates that the dots appear on the image, but are insignificant, and thus there is no problem; and "X" indicates that the dots affect the bad influence upon the image (No Good). As shown in the Table 1, it was found that when the CEFBON was used, the black dots on the white image (due to the poor charging) resulting in the worst image deterioration for the printer were not produced, and the white dots on the black image (due to the blocking of exposure by the powder particles dropped from the charger member) could be disappeared by passing further several sheets. In this way, although there was the problem that the painting of the particles on the cleaning blade for preventing the initial blade turn-up may affect the bad influence upon the charging of contact type, this problem can be solved by using the graphite fluoride particles as the painting material as mentioned above. With the arrangement of the illustrated embodiment, there arose no problem in the corona charging usually used as the conventional charger means, and it was found that the process cartridge and the image forming system according to the present invention were simple, inexpensive and very effective as means for solving the problems inherent to the systems wherein a cleaning blade is used as a cleaning means and the charging of contact type is effected. Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to Fig. 5. While the fundamental construction of this embodiment is similar to that of the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, a blade is used as a contacting charger member. A charger blade 8 is simpler and inexpensive, in comparison with the charger roller. In this embodiment, the charger blade is made of the material substantially the same as that of the charger roller in the previous embodiment. More particularly, the charger blade comprises a base member made of silicone rubber having a thickness of 2 mm and added by carbon to make it conductive, a resistance layer covering the base member and made of urethane rubber having a thickness of 200 µm, and a coating layer covering the resistance layer and made of tolidine having a thickness of 5 µm. The charger blade so formed was incorporated into the electrophotographic printer of Fig. 1 in place of the charger roller 2 and the image was outputted. The charger blade 8 was mounted in such a manner that it was inclined at an angle of 15° with respect to the rotational direction of the photosensitive drum and abutted against the latter in the counter direction. The conditions of the voltage applied to the charger blade were the same as those of the charger roller. First of all, the PVDF particles (KYNAR) dispersed into the ethyl alcohol with 10% by weight were painted on the cleaning blade, and the image was outputted. Since the PVDF particles were painted, although the initial blade turn-up did not occur, a vertical black stripe was produced on the image even from the first copy sheet. Observing the charger blade in this point, the lump of PVDF particles was found at the blade edge, and it was ascertained that the position of the lump on the blade edge corresponded to the position of the vertical black stripe on the image. Thus, it was found that the defect (stripe) of the image was caused by the poor charging due to the PVDF particles. While the vertical stripe became thinner gradually as the number of copies was increased because the PVDF lump became smaller gradually, about first 100 copies had the defect of the image. Now, the same test was performed under a condition that the graphite fluoride particles ("CEFBPN" CMA" trade mark) having the chemical equation of "-(CF) n -" and dispersed into the solvent (for example, ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol (IPA)) with 10% by weight were painted on the cleaning blade as the lublicant. Since the CEFBON CMA has low aggregativity, it is hard to be lumped. Thus, even when it was dropped out from the cleaning blade to adhere to the photosensitive member, it was found that the poor charging did not occur because the CEFBON CMA particles could be passed through the charger blade due to their smaller particle diameters. Further, even when the lump of the CEFBON CMA particles reached the charger blade, it was found that the charging ability of the charger blade was not reduced because of the low electrical resistance of the CEFBON CMA. In this way, in the systems wherein the charger blade is used, in place of PVDF particles used as the painting material for preventing the initial blade turn-up, by using the graphite fluoride particles having the chemical equation of "-(CF) n -", it is possible to prevent the defect of the image due to the vertical black stripe which was caused by the poor charging because of the lump. Incidentally, even if the graphite fluoride particles dropped from the cleaning blade 1 and adhered to the transfer roller S, the transferring operation will not be badly affected since the transfer roller has the higher resistance value. Further, while the cleaning blade was used as the cleaning member in the above embodiments, it should be noted that the above-mentioned charging of contact type can be effected even when a cleaning member which is abutted against the photosensitive member to arise a problem of friction between both members (for example, a cleaning roller abutted against the photosensitive member and rotated in the counter direction) is used. Next, a process cartridge to which the present invention is applied will be explained with reference to Fig. 6. Incidentally, the same constructural elements as those in the previous embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals and the detailed explanation thereof will be omitted. A process cartridge 100 according to this embodiment is constituted as a unit (cartridge) wherein a contacting charger roller 2, cleaning device C, developing device 5 and electrophotographic photosensitive member 3 are all incorporated into a frame 105 and which can be removably mounted within an image forming system. Incidentally, the reference numeral 5b denotes an agitating blade for conveying the toner contained within the developing device 5 toward a developing sleeve 5a; 5c denotes a doctor blade for regurating a thickness of a toner layer around the developing sleeve 5a; and 106 denotes a drum shutter for protecting the surface 3a of the photosensitive member 3 when the process cartridge 100 is removed from the system. The drum shutter 106 is opened to reach a position 106a shown by a phantom line when the process cartridge 100 is mounted within the system, thus not preventing the transferring of the toner image onto the recording sheet. Next, an electrophotographic copying machine within which the process cartridge 100 can be mounted will be explained with reference to Fig. 7. Incidentally, Fig. 7 shows a condition that the process cartridge 100 has already been mounted within the copying machine. However, the process cartridge 100 is schematically shown. As mentioned above, the process cartridge 100 includes a photosensitive drum 3 acting as an image bearing member around which there are arranged process means for forming an image on the photosensitive drum 3, such as a developing device 5, charger 2, cleaning device C and the like. The photosensitive drum 3 and these process means are integrally incorporated into a housing or frame (support member) 105 to form the process cartridge which is removably mountable within a copying machine 200. Incidentally, the reference numerals 130a and 130b denote cartridge mounting means for removably mounting the cartridge 100. Below the photosensitive drum 3 of the cartridge when mounted, the copying machine 200 includes a transfer charger 115. At an upstream side of the transfer charger 115, there are arranged a sheet supply tray 116, sheet supply rollers 117 and a pair of regist rollers 118; whereas, at a downstream side of the transfer charger, there are arranged a sheet guide 119, a fixing device 120, ejector rollers 121 and an ejection tray 122. Further, above the process cartridge 100 whem mounted, the copying machine includes a lighting lamp 123 for illuminating an original, and a short focus optical element array 124 for exposing the photosensitive drum 3 by using image light reflected from the original. Further, on the machine 200, there is disposed an original support plate 125 reciprocably shiftable in direction shown by the arrow 125a. When the photosensitive drum 3 uniformly charged is illuminated by the image light from the original rested on the original support plate 125 and lighted by the lamp 123 via the short focus optical element array 124, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 3. As the photosensitive drum 3 is rotated, the electrostatic latent image reaches the developing device 5, where it is developed with toner to form a toner image. On the other hand, a recording sheet S is sent from the sheet supply tray 116 to the paired regist rollers 118 by the sheet supply rollers 117. The recording sheet is then is conveyed between the photosensitive drum 3 and the transfer charger 115 by means of the regist rollers in registration with the toner image formed on the drum. In this way, the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 3 is transferred onto the recording sheet S. The recording sheet S bearing the transferred toner image thereon is sent to the fixing device 120, where the toner image is permanently fixed to the recording sheet. Thereafter, the recording sheet is ejected on the ejection tray 122 by means of the ejection rollers 121. On the other hand, after the transferring operation, the residual toner remaining on the photosensitive drum 3 is removed by the cleaning blade 1 of the cleaning device C, thus preparing for the next image formation. In this embodiment, unlike to the afore-mentioned embodiment, since the toner development is effected at the proper developing system, i.e., charging area, is it possible to prevent the deterioration of the image due to the white dots on the black copy. As mentioned above, in the above-mentioned embodiments, since, in place of the PVDF particles having the high resistance, the low resistive lublicant having the low resistance value is painted on the contacting area between the image bearing member and the cleaning member, it is possible to reduce the friction force of the cleaning member and to prevent the poor charging of the charger means contacting with the image bearing member. Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a process cartridge and an image forming system which can maintain the high image quality.

Claims: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording sheet or a process cartridge for such an apparatus, comprising: an image bearing member (4); a cleaning member (1) in contact with the image bearing member for removing toner therefrom; charging means (2) in contact with the image bearing member for charging an area of the image bearing member cleaned by the cleaning means; and a lubricant (9) provided at a contact region between the image bearing member and the cleaning member; characterised in that: the surface of the charging means has a volume resistivity of 10 7 to 10 9 Ω cm; and the volume resistivity of the lubricant is more than 1/100 of the volume resistivity of the surface of the charging means and from 10 5 to 10 11 Ω cm. The apparatus or cartridge of claim 1, wherein the volume resistivity of the lubricant is about 10 10 Ω cm. The apparatus or cartridge of claim 1 or 2, wherein said lubricant comprises graphite fluoride particles. The apparatus or cartridge of claim 3, wherein the graphite fluoride particles are of the -(CF) n - type. The apparatus or cartridge of claim 1 or 2, wherein said lubricant comprises ultrafine acrylic resin powder. The apparatus or cartridge of claim 1 or 2, wherein said lubricant comprises fine powder of a styrene polymer. The apparatus or cartridge of any preceding claim, wherein said cleaning member comprises a cleaning blade (1) made of rubber. The apparatus or cartridge of any preceding claim, wherein said charger means comprises a charger roller (2) on which a coating layer (24) obtained by dispersing conductive filler into nylon resin is provided. The cartridge of any preceding claim adapted to be removably mountable into an image forming machine for forming an image on a recording sheet. The cartridge of claim 9, further including means (5) for developing a latent image on the image bearing member. The cartridge of claim 10 or 11, further including an openable drum shutter (106) for protecting the image bearing member. An image forming machine for forming an image on a recording sheet, the machine comprising: a cartridge (100) according to any of claims 1 to 11; a main body (200); mounting means (130a, 130b) for removably mounting the process cartridge in the main body; and conveying means (117, 118) for conveying a recording sheet past the image bearing member. The machine of claim 12, further including a transfer means (115) for transferring a toner image formed on said image bearing member onto the recording sheet. The machine of claim 12 or 13, further including a fixing means (120) for fixing on the recording sheet the toner image transferred to the recording sheet. The machine of any of claims 12 to 14, in the form of a printer. The machine of any of claims 12 to 14, in the form of an electrophotographic copying machine. A method for making an apparatus or cartridge as claimed in any of claims 1-11, which comprises providing a cleaning member; dispersing into a solvent a lubricant powder having a volume resistivity as defined in claim 1; painting the lubricant powder dispersion onto the cleaning member; and fitting the cleaning member to the apparatus or cartridge. The method of claim 17, wherein the solvent comprises ethyl alcohol. The method of claim 17, wherein the solvent comprises isopropyl alcohol. A cleaning member for cleaning an image bearing member of an image forming apparatus or process cartridge, said cleaning member having a contact region for contacting the image bearing member and a lubricant provided at said contact region characterised in that said lubricant has a volume resistivity of from 10 5 to 10 11 Ω cm. The member of claim 20, wherein the volume resistivity of the lubricant is about 10 10 Ω cm. The member of claim 20 or 21, wherein the lubricant comprises graphite fluoride particles. The member of claim 22, wherein the graphite fluoride particles are of the -(CF) n - type. The member of claim 20 or 21, wherein the lubricant comprises ultrafine acrylic resin powder. The member of claim 20 or 21 wherein the lubricant comprises fine powder of a styrene polymer.

Inventors: HASEGAWA HIROTO, NANATAKI HIDEO, ONO KAZUAKI, OTSUKA YASUMASA, SASAME HIROSHI, TAKEUCHI AKIHIKO, TANIGAWA KOICHI, YANO HIDEYUKI, HASEGAWA, HIROTO, NANATAKI, HIDEO, ONO, KAZUAKI, OTSUKA, YASUMASA, SASAME, HIROSHI, TAKEUCHI, AKIHIKO, TANIGAWA, KOICHI, YANO, HIDEYUKI, HASEGAWA, HIROTO, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, Nanataki, Hideo, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, Ono, Kazuaki, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, Otsuka, Yasumasa, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, SASAME, HIROSHI, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, Takeuchi, Akihiko, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, TANIGAWA, KOICHI, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, YANO, HIDEYUKI, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G03G5
IPC codes: G03G15, G03G21, G03G5