LAMINATE

Abstract: A laminate for lining a passage, which is entirely or partially surrounded by walls, above or under the ground, which laminate comprises at least one layer of a reinforcement (4) of continuous fibre, a curable resin (5) and a plastic sheet or plastic film (3) which is on the inside of the laminate when the laminate is inserted into the passage (10) which shall be lined. In order to give such laminates corrosion durability and flexibility which stand on a par with the strength of the laminate so that not anyone of these parameters will determine the life length of the lining, there is arranged a mat (8) of fibres between the inner film (3) and the reinforcement (4) which mat on its side which is turned to the inner film (3) has cut fibres (13), and which together with its cut fibres can absorb resin for concentration of curable resin to the inner surface of the cured laminate.

Description: LAMINATE This invention relates to a laminate of that type being utilized for lining passages which are entirely or partially surrounded by walls, above or under the ground, for instance pipelines for a water system and a sewerage for instance, channels of different kinds, for instance for ventilation in buildings, and/or for manufacturing such passages, channels and pipes in a factory or in a place out in the field and which laminate comprises a curable resin positioned between two plastic foils or plastic films and at least one reinforcement layer of continuous fibre wires. Such laminates for lining of pipelines excavated down into the ground are previously known and normally have the de¬ sign of a flexible lining hose which is either drawn into the pipeline and is then expanding against the inside of the pipe¬ line by means of a pressure medium or is everted into the pipe¬ line by means of a pressure medium, whereafter the entirely everted lining hose is kept expanded against the inside of the pipeline of the utilized pressure medium in order to make the lining hose or the lining laminate to be adapted to the men¬ tioned inside, and that this pressure is maintained at least until the resin has been cured to such extent that the lining laminate has become entirely formstable. Utilized pressure medium normally is air and/or water and in a heated condition this pressure medium is also utilized for carrying out or accelerating the initiating of the cure of the resin and with the plastic material type or resin type, used most times for this purpose, the cure generally continues in a natural way until the curing process has been completed. Due to the fact that this type of cure, i.e. heat cure, requires a plentiful equipment and is expensive as a result of the necessary heating of utilized medium and takes a long time to carry out, radiation energi in the form of light has lately begun to be used for curing of the curable resin, being a part of the lining laminate, which resin is preparated in a way intended for that with suitable curing systems, catalysts, accelerators and so on for achieving a through-cure which is made as rapid as possible. Independently of curing ways, however, the lining lamina¬ te after the cure, i.e. when the lining is finished, has to satisfy certain strength requirements and have a resistance to corrosion in order to be able to manage the environments in decades it is intended for without being distroyed in the one or the other respect and this has validity especially for such laminates which are intended for lining sewer pipes. Such linings have to be resistant to corrosion and also to have a necessary strength and particularly compression strength and stability in order to be able to resist the compression strains and loads which they are constantly exposed to from above, for instance from the traffic. To be able to unite strength to inner and outer loads, and specially compression strength, as well as resistance to corrosion in one and the same lining laminate has appeared to be united with great problems and up to now the lining lamina¬ tes being in the market have either better strength than re¬ sistance to corrosion or the contrary, i.e. a better resistance to corrosion than strength and specially compression strength. Furthermore, known lining laminates have that drawback that they are often inflexible regarding the variations of the di¬ mensions of the lining object. The purpose of this invention is therefore to solve that problem and accordingly bring about a lining laminate having a good strength as well as corresponding resistance to corrosion and flexibility. This purpose has been achieved by the fact that lining laminate according to this invention has the characterizing features defined in the following claims. In the following the invention is described more closely with reference to accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a section through a known, hose-shaped lining laminate on which this invention is based. Figs. 2 and 3 show from the side a section of a hose-shaped, plaited reinforcement in retracted and expanded, respectively, condition, Fig. 4 shows a section of a first embodiment of the laminate according to this inven¬ tion and being in place inside a pipe that shall be lined, each of Figs♦ 5-7 shows a modified embodiment of the present lamina¬ te. In Fig. 1 is shown a known hose-shaped laminate 1 for lining passages, which are surrounded by walls, for instance water pipes and sewer pipes, channels on as well as under the ground, and this laminate comprises an outer plastic foil or a plastic film 2 and an inner plastic foil or a plastic film 3 and a reinforcement layer 4 of continuous glass-fibres, posi¬ tioned between these two foils 2, 3, and curable resin 5 between the mentioned foils 2, 3 and entirely or partially absorbed by the reinforcement layer 4. The reinforcement 4 comprises a hose-shaped stocking of continuous fibres extending cross-wise and preferably the mentioned reinforcement comprises continuous fibres 7, 8, plaited to a stocking, a hose or the like, and crossing each other and extending under essentially the same angle to the longitudinal axis 6 of the hose-shaped reinforcement, the fibres resting loosely against each other in their crossing points, whereby a change of the angle between the fibres 7, 8 is allowed until the resin absorbed by the re¬ inforcement begins to cure and by that lock the fibres mutual¬ ly. Suitably the angle between the fibres, crossing each other, which seen in projection to the mentioned longitudinal axis 6 has this axis as a bisector, is arranged to increase when an internal pressure inside the hose-shaped laminate is establis¬ hed, and due to that fact also the diameter of the reinforce¬ ment is increased. Thus, with an increased diameter the rein- forcement fibrers 7, 8 rise and when accordingly the reinforce¬ ment stocking 4 has been given its largest diameter, its fibres 7, 8 are in their most erected position and give in this posi¬ tion the reinforcement its greatest or best compression strength. In Fig. 4 is shown a section of a first embodiment of a lining laminate 1 according to this invention introduced in place inside a passage 10, surrounded by walls, for instance a pipeline that shall be lined and be kept in a pressure contact against its wall 11. Besides at least one and preferably several reinforcement layers 4 of the kind mentioned above and an inner film 3 which only functions as protection until the resin 5 in the laminate has been forced to cure and which thereafter can be removed, the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 of the lining laminate according to the invention comprises a mat 12 which is woven or laid of continuous glass fibres and which on its side turned to the inner film 3 has cut fibres 13 and preferably cut glass fibres. The material of the plaited rein- forcement 4 comprises roving and the roving can be of KOSMOS®, conventional or bulked type. The glass fibre in the combinated fabric, i.e. the mat 8 together with the added, cut glass fibre 3 can comprise E-glass, ECR-glass, C-glass or other high quality fibre materials. Even if that is not shown in the drawings, the mat 12 woven or laid of continuous glass fibres may also on its other side be provided with a layer of cut glass fibres. The mat 12 with cut glass fibres 3 on at least its side turned to the inner film 3, which is also called the combina- tion fabric, has among other things that quality that it ab- sorbes resin to an essentially greater extent than the rein¬ forcement 4 and due to that fact the resin 5 in the laminate 1 will in the first hand be absorbed by the combination fabric 12, 13 until saturation is achieved and thanks to that fact a concentration of resin is achieved to the inner surface portion or the surface layer of the laminate. Thus, when the resin has been forced to cure, an internal surface layer is achieved comprising a very high content of resin with cut glass fibres as a reinforcement which layer is resistant to corrosion. At the same time the cured resin intimately connects the combina¬ tion fabric 12, 13 with the adjacent reinforcement layer 4 and the reinforcement layers 4 to each other to a lining having a very high strength, particularly compression strength to inner and outer loads and this lining is adaptable to the conditions where it shall be used by the fact that the number of rein¬ forcement layers can be chosen with regard to the need from one up to 6-8. Regarding the hose-shaped laminate 1 each utilized mat is made hose-shaped by laying its longitudinal edges so that these ones overlap each other and the edges are fastened to each other by wires or the like as is shown at 14 in Fig. 4. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 there is arranged a layer 15 of a core material between the reinforcement layers 4 and the combination fabric 12, 13 which layer 15 first of all shall be used for increasing the thicknes without neglecting the strength and also for giving a distance between the com¬ bination fabric 12, 13 and the adjacent reinforcement layer 4. Instead of, and besides, of being positioned between the combination fabric 12, 13 and adjacent reinforcement layer 4, the layer 15 of core material can be used between the reinfor¬ cement layers 4. When using core material, a sandwich-laminate is received, the material utilization of which is optimum from a strength point of view. As a core material can be utilized FIRET® or CHOMARET®, that is a viscose polyester foam, alterna¬ tively cut glass fibres. In Fig. 6 is shown an embodiment with a layer of filt 16 between the reinforcement 4 and the outer foil 2, which filt layer 16 functions as an isolation against the cold wall 11 that shall be lined. Fig. 7 shows an embodiment with a layer 15 of core mate¬ rial midway between the four reinforcement layers 4, and a filt layer 16 as an isolation against the lining wall 11 and the outer layer. The outer film 4 can be excluded in those case when the laminate is everted. The choice of the quality of the glass fibre is made in accordance with the local requirements that are made on the lining regarding the resistance to chemicals and corrosion. Thus, this laminate allows integration of the core material 16 for distancing to the plaited reinforcement layers 4 from each other and/or from the integrated combination fabric 12, 13 which in its turn as an alternative can be provided with a layer of core material. When using core material that possi- bility is achieved that a sandwich-laminate can be built to a low cost and to a low weight and this laminate has a very good strength. Besides a very good strength the laminate according to the invention gives a resistance to corrosion, the cut fibre 13 also functioning as a surface reinforcement and covering of the continuous fibre fabric 12 positioned inside the surface reinforcement. The fabric and above all the plaited reinforce¬ ment layers 4 contribute to the improvement of the strength and also function as resin holder during the storage and transpor- tation phases from the factory to the utilization place. This lining laminate also has that ability to be able to flexibly follow the geometry of the repaired passage, which has appeared to be an essential quality. This invention is not limited to what has been described above and shown in the drawings but can be changed and modified in many different ways within the scope of the invention idea defined in the following claims. Regarding the resin many different types of resin can be used but preferably of unsatu- rated polyester type.

Claims: Claims 1. A laminate for lining passages entirely or partially surrounded by walls on or under the ground, for instance pipe¬ lines for a water system and/or sewerage system, channels for instance for ventilation and smoke system and the like, com¬ prising at least a layer of a reinforcement (4) of continuous fibres, curable resin (5) and a plastic foil or a plastic film (3), which is on the inside of the laminate when this one is introduced into the passage (10) that shall be lined, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that between the inner film (3) and the reinforcement (4) there is arranged a mat (12) of fibres, which mat on the side turned to the inner film (3) carries cut fibres (13) and which together with its cut fibres can absorbe resin for concentration of curable resin to the inner surface of the cured laminate so that this inner surface becomes resistant to corrosion. 2. A laminate according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d in that the mat (12) comprises woven or laid con¬ tinuous fibres, preferably glass fibres. 3. A laminate according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the cut fibres (13) are glass fibres. 4. A laminate according to any one of preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that there is arranged a layer (15) of core material between the mat (12) and reinforcement (4). 5. A laminate according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two adjacent reinforcement layers (4), c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that there is arranged a layer (15) of core material between the two adjacent reinfor- cement layers (4) . 6. A laminate according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that there is arranged a mat (16) of filt on that side of the reinforcement (4) which is turned away from the mat (12) as an isolation material. 7. A laminate according to any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the laminate comprises a plastic foil or a plastic film (2) also on that side being opposite to the side directed to the inner foil (3) .

Inventors: PERSSON BOERJE, PERSSON, BOERJE
Applicants: INPIPE SWEDEN AB
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B29C63
IPC codes: B29C63, B29L23, B32B1, B32B27, F16L58