Fixing device for copying machines

Abstract: Fixing device for copying machines in which a heating element (15), positioned transversely to the movement of a sheet of paper (8), is immediately followed by a shoulder (36) projecting beyond the heating element towards a pressure roll (30) is spontaneously adopted. The sheets of paper emerge from the fixing device having retained their flat form, because of the high specific pressure on the shoulder (36), fixing is improved.

Description: The present invention relates to a fixing device for copying machines for indelibly fixing an image developed by means of toner powder onto a sheet of paper or similar information supports and more particularly to a device for eliminating the spontaneous curling of sheets and for improving the fixing of an image on sheets or information supports. In conventional copying machines a straight heating element is arranged perpendicularly to the forwarding direction of the sheets of paper or information supports and is fixed on a heat refractory support. A belt-type transport element is positioned between the heating element and the face of the sheet of paper or information support on which a toner powder image has been deposited and a pressure roll is pressed against the back of the information support. The heat and pressure fix the toner powder image to the sheet of paper or information support. In such copying machines the sheets tend to curl as they emerge from the fixing device as a result of the application of the heat to one face of the sheet. Devices for eliminating the curling of paper sheets emerging from a fixing unit in a copying machine are well known. In particular our European Patent Application Number EP-A-0485123 discloses that forwarding rolls may be positioned downstream of the fixing unit. These rolls pull the sheet in the opposite direction to the preferred direction of curling of the sheet as it emerges from the fixing unit. This device is, however, large and expensive owing to the large number of components required. Summary Of The Invention A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a fixing device for a copying machine in which a linear heating element is positioned transversely to the direction of movement of sheets in the copying machine. This heating element is immediately followed by a shoulder projecting beyond the heating element and over which sheets must pass as they emerge from the fixing device. This shoulder gives the sheets an opposite curl to that which they would adopt as a result of the heating of one face. Thus sheets emerge having retained their original flat form. The invention is defined with more precision in the appended claims to which reference should now be made. Brief Description Of The Drawings This and other features of the invention will be made clearer by the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a diagramatic view of a fixing device for copying machines embodying the invention: Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail from Fig. 1; Fig. 3 illustrates the spontaneous curling of a sheet as it emerges from the device shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a detail from Fig. 2; Fig. 5 shows a variant of the base shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 6 shows a structural variant of the shoulder shown in Fig. 1. Detailed Description Of A Preferred Embodiment Referring to Fig. 1, an endless belt-type transport element 2 passes around two forwarding rolls 4 and 6. The belt 2 preferably consists of a thin sheet of Mylar (registered In European Patent Application No. EP-A-0390090, a fixing device including a heater is shown and has a heat generating resistor on a base member made of ceramic material such as alumina. A supporting member made of heat-resistive resin for fixedly supporting the heater is provided and a film is slidable on the heater. In order to prevent the wear of the slidable fixing film and associate scraping of the unfixed toner image on the recording material, projections towards the recording material side are provided beyond the outer surface of the heater and on the supporting member. These guide the film towards the recording material side at the upstream and downstream ends of the heater. This prevents the film from sliding on the edge of the heater. However, because there is no pressure positively applied to the film between the recording material and the projection located downstream of the heater, no de-curling effect is achieved with a fixing device of this type. trade mark) some 75 µm thick, driven in the direction F by the drive roll 4, to forward a sheet 8 on whose upper face 10 a toner powder image 12 is deposited which must be fixed by heat and pressure to the sheet 8. A heating element 15 is fixed to an underside of a support 17 located inside the belt 2. The heating element 15 consists of a strip of resistive material 1.5-3 mm wide measured in the forwarding direction of the belt 2. The length of the element 15, measured perpendicularly to the forwarding direction is generally greater than the maximum format of sheets handled by the copier. The element 15 (fig. 2) is deposited by a screen printing process on an alumina plate 20 approximately 1-2 mm thick which in turn is embedded in a base 22 of a heat-resistant resin such as PEEK (Polyetherether-ketone) or LCPs (liquid-crystal polymers). The plate 20 and base 22 form a block 24. The resin forming the base 22 must retain its physical and mechanical characteristics unaltered up to a temperature of at least 280°C and in particular at this temperature must retain high resistance to wear and to concentrated loads. The block 24 is fixed in some suitable manner to the metal support 17 forming part of the frame of the copier. A pressure roll 30 is kept pressed against the belt 2 to keep it in contact with the block 24, with a total load of about 8 kg. The roll 30 comprises an outer layer 32 of soft heat-resistant rubber which adheres to the outer surface 34 of the belt 2 over a contact area or strip S whose width is between 4 and 6 mm. The width of the strip S is measured in the forwarding direction of the belt 2 indicated by F. The base 22 projects beyond the plate 20 in the direction of movement of the belt 2, with a curved profile 21 whose generic curvature is in the opposite direction to the curvature of the roll 30, hence moving away from the outer surface 31 of the roll 30. The profile 21 accompanies the belt 2 in its movement towards the roll 6. Owing to the motion of the belt 2 in the direction F, a sheet 8 is drawn between the roll 30 and the belt 2, with the toner powder on its upper surface 10. The heat transmitted by the element 15 through the belt 2 softens the toner powder which sticks to the sheet 8. Because of the heat of fixing, the sheet 8 emerging from the area S would tend spontaneously to roll up on itself following the curvature of the roll 30 as indicated in Fig. 3. To counter this problem, the resin base 22 is constructed so as to comprise a shoulder 36 (Fig. 4) which projects towards the roll 30 away from the surface of contact 34 between the roll 30 and the belt 2. The shoulder 36 is located immediately beyond the leaving edge 37 of the element 15 in the direction F at a distance "b" typically in the range 0 to 2.5 mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. The shoulder 36 is manufactured to a curved surface having a curved profile 38 whose radius of curvature R is typically between 0.1 and 0.3 mm and preferably equal to 0.2 mm and extends perpendicularly to the plane of the figures over a length equal to the length of the element 15. The shoulder 36 projects away from the surface 34 by a good amount "d", typically 0.1 - 0.3 mm, and preferably equal to 0.2 mm. The length of the shoulder 36 is greater than the width of a sheet of the maximum format that can be conveyed through the fixing device 2, 15, 30. The roll 30 is positioned relative to the block 24 (Fig. 2) such that the area of contact S completely covers the shoulder 36 and extends beyond it by an amount "a" (Fig. 4) of length typically in the range 0.5 - 1.5 mm. The compression of the rubber layer 32 of the roll 30 forces the belt 2 to adhere along the profile 38 of the shoulder 36. Thus when a sheet is passing through the fixing device it is pressed between the roll 30 and the belt 2 in the contact area S and is therefore forced to curve in the direction of the curvature of the profile 38 of the shoulder 36. The heating element is located close to the leaving edge 40 of the plate 22 in the forwarding direction of the belt 2 indicated by F. This arrangement of the heating element 15 achieves the following advantages simultaneously: the still hot sheet is curved in the opposite direction to the curl is would spontaneously adopt in the absence of the shoulder 36. This spontaneous curling is thus automatically eliminated and the sheet merges from the fixing device in a generally flat form; the toner is still partically softened when the sheet 8 passes against the shoulder 36, so that owing to the high specific pressure along the profile 38 due to the compression of the roll 30, the toner is powerfully and permanently caused to penetrate deeply between the fibres of the paper of the sheet 8, so that the image stays fixed indelibly on the paper. The base 22 may alternatively be made from a good heat-conducting metal such as aluminium, copper, bronze or titanium. The projection 36 may also be protected by covering it with a thin protective layer of, for example, teflon (PTFE) or a ceramic material. The projection 36 may also be made by using (Fig. 5) a metal element 45 inserted between the plate 20 and the base 22. The element 45 is approximately 0.2 mm thick and ends in a bottom edge 47 having a curved profile 48 whose radius of curvature is between 0.1 and 0.3 mm and preferably equal to 0.2 mm. In this case the element 45 will appropriately be made of aluminium and the edge 47 may be covered by a thin protective layer of ceramic material. The edge 47 of the element 45 must project from the lower surface 49 of the belt 2 by an amount "E" of approximately 0.1 - 0.2 mm, preferably equal to 0.2 mm. It will be understood that modifications of shape, additions or substitutions of parts may be made to the fixing device of the invention without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention. For example (Fig. 6) the shoulder 36 is constructed directly on the plate 20 and is located immediately downstream of the heating element.

Claims: A fixing device for copying machines for indelibly fixing images on an information support (8) by pressure and heat, comprising a heat resistant base (22); a heating element (15) comprising a strip of resistive material deposited on a plate (20) fixed on said base (22); a belt-type transport element (2) in sliding contact with said heating element and said base; a pressure roll (30) urged against said transport element and said heating element, thereby defining a contact area between said transport element, said heating element and said base; said roll and said transport element being moved together in order to draw said information support through said fixing device in a forwarding direction (F), characterised in that the heat resistant base comprises a shoulder (36) having a curved profile (38) projecting beyond said base towards said pressure roll, said shoulder being located adjacent to and downstream of said heating element in said forwarding direction, and said pressure roll forms said contact area having a width (S) which covers and extends beyond said shoulder, whereby an information support which has passed the heating element is bent in a direction opposite to its natural direction of curl. A fixing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the shoulder (36) projects beyond said base by a distance of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm, toward the pressure roll (30). A fixing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the curved profile (38) has a radius of curvature of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. A fixing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the shoulder (36) is positioned relative to the heating element at a distance of between 0 and 2.5 mm in the forwarding direction (F) of the transport element (2). A fixing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the shoulder (36) is covered by a thin protective layer. A fixing device according to claim 5, characterised in that the protective layer is made of ceramic. A fixing device according to claim 5, characterised in that the protective layer is made of PTFE. A fixing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the base (20) is made of a heat resistant material comprising a polyether-ether-keton (PEEK) resin. A fixing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the base (20) is made of a heat resistant material comprising a liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) resin. A fixing device according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the shoulder (36) comprises a metal element (45) inserted inside the heat resistant base (20).

Inventors: FORLANI RICCARDO, FORLANI, RICCARDO
Applicants: OLIVETTI CANON IND SPA, OLIVETTI-CANON INDUSTRIALE S.P.A.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: B65H29, G03G15