Superconducting thin film formed of oxide superconductor material, superconducting current path and superconducting device utilizing the superconducting thin film

Abstract: A superconducting thin film formed on a substrate, comprising an a -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer, a c -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer and an oxide semiconductor layer inserted between the a -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer and the c -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer, in contact with them in which superconducting current can flow between the a -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer and the c -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer through the oxide semiconductor layer by a long-range proximity effect.

Description: Background of the Invention Field of the invention The present invention relates to a superconducting structure, a superconducting multilayer current path structure and a superconducting device which utilize the superconducting structure. More specifically to a superconducting structure formed of oxide superconductor material, a superconducting multilayer current path structure and a superconducting device utilizing the superconducting structure. Description of related art A superconducting current path is one of the electronic applications of a superconductor. If all the current paths of a conventional electronic circuit including semiconductor devices is replaced with superconducting current paths, completely, the electronic circuit will operate rapidly with low power consumption. Superconducting signal paths are also expected to reduce the wave form distortion so that the required number of amplifiers can be reduced. Particularly, by using an oxide superconducting material which has been recently advanced in study, it is possible to produce a superconducting current path through which superconducting current flows at relatively high temperature. An oxide superconductor has the largest critical current density J c in direction perpendicular to c -axes of its crystal lattices. Therefore, it is desirable that the superconducting current path through which superconducting current flows horizontally is formed of a c -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film and the superconducting path through which superconducting current flows vertically is formed of oxide superconductor thin films of which c -axes are orientated horizontally. In this specification, this oxide superconductor thin film of which c -axes are orientated horizontally will be called an " a -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film". On the other hand, devices which utilize superconducting phenomena operate rapidly with low power consumption so that they have higher performance than conventional semiconductor devices. Like the superconducting current path, by using an oxide superconducting material, it is possible to produce a superconducting device which operates at relatively high temperature. Josephson device is one of well-known superconducting devices. However, since Josephson device is a two-terminal device, a logic gate which utilizes Josephson devices becomes complicated. Therefore, three-terminal superconducting devices are more practical. Typical three-terminal superconducting devices include two types of super-FET (field effect transistor). A first type of the super-FET includes a semiconductor channel, and a superconductor source electrode and a superconductor drain electrode which are formed closely to each other on both side of the semiconductor channel. A portion of the semiconductor layer between the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode has a greatly recessed or undercut rear surface so as to have a reduced thickness. In addition, a gate electrode is formed through a gate insulator layer on the portion of the recessed or undercut rear surface of the semiconductor layer between the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode. A superconducting current flows through the semiconductor layer (channel) between the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode due to a superconducting proximity effect, and is controlled by an applied gate voltage. This type of the super-FET operates at a higher speed with a low power consumption. A second type of the super-FET includes a channel of a superconductor formed between a source electrode and a drain electrode on a substrate, so that a current flowing through the superconducting channel is controlled by a voltage applied to a gate formed above the superconducting channel. Both of the super-FETs mentioned above are voltage controlled devices which are capable of isolating output signal from input one and of having a well defined gain. However, since the first type of the super-FET utilizes the superconducting proximity effect, the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode have to be positioned within a distance of a few times the coherence length of the superconductor materials of the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode. In particular, since an oxide superconductor has a short coherence length, a distance between the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode has to be made less than about a few ten nanometers, if the superconductor source electrode and the superconductor drain electrode are formed of the oxide superconductor material. However, it is very difficult to conduct a fine processing such as a fine pattern etching, so as to satisfy the very short channel distance mentioned above. On the other hand, the super-FET having the superconducting channel has a large current capability, and the fine processing which is required to product the first type of the super-FET is not needed to product this type of super-FET. In order to obtain a complete ON/OFF operation, both of the superconducting channel and the gate insulating layer should have an extremely thin thickness. For example, the superconducting channel formed of a oxide superconductor material should have a thickness of less than five nanometers, and the gate insulating layer should have a thickness more than ten nanometers which is sufficient to prevent a tunnel current. This extremely thin superconducting channel is insufficient for thickness as a source region and a drain region from and to which the superconducting current flows through the superconducting channel. Therefore, in the super-FET, a superconducting source region and a superconducting drain region having a relatively thick thickness should be arranged at the both side of the superconducting channel. In this connection, the main current flows in parallel to the substrate through the superconducting channel and in perpendicular to the substrate in the superconducting source region and superconducting drain region. An oxide superconductor has the largest critical current density J c in direction perpendicular to c -axes of its crystal lattices. Therefore, it is desirable that the superconducting channel is formed of a c -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film and the superconducting source region and the superconducting drain region are formed of a -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin films. However, grain boundaries are generated at the interface between the c-axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film and the a -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film, which introduce difficulties of superconducting current flowing. The grain boundaries sometimes form Josephson junctions which pass only tunnel current so that the current capability is limited and the input and output characteristics become nonlinear. If no Josephson junction is formed at the interface, Joule heat may be generated by the electric resistance formed at the interface, which causes the "quench" phenomenon. The c -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film and the a -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film may interfere with each other so as to degrade each other. In the prior art, there has been proposed that a metal layer of Au, Ag, etc. is inserted between the c -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film and the a -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film so that the interface does not consist of the grain boundaries of the oxide superconductor. However, even if the metal layer is formed of Au or Ag, it still sustains electric resistance so that the "quench" may occur. Summary of the Invention Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a superconducting structure having a superconducting region constituted of an a -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer and a superconducting region constituted of a c -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer, which have overcome the above mentioned defects of the conventional ones. Another object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting multilayer current path structure utilizing the superconducting structure, which have overcome the above mentioned defects of the conventional ones. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an FET type superconducting device utilizing the superconducting structure, which have overcome the above mentioned defects of the conventional ones. The above and other objects of the present invention are achieved in accordance with the present invention as claimed by a superconductor structure comprising: a first oxide superconductor layer in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is horizontally orientated; a second oxide superconductor layer in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is vertically orientated; and an oxide semiconductor layer formed between said first and second oxide superconductor layers, to provide a superconducting current path between the first and second oxide superconductor layers through which a superconducting current flows by a long-range proximity effect. A superconducting proximity effect is a phenomenon that superconducting current flows between two superconductors through a semiconductor or a normal conductor, if the two superconductor is set close enough to each other. The superconducting proximity effect usually occurs, when the two superconductor are arranged within a distance of a few times of the coherent length of the superconductor. However, superconducting current can flow between two oxide superconductors through some particular type oxide semiconductor, though they are located at a relatively long distance of some hundreds nanometers. The present invention utilizes this so-called long-range proximity effect of the oxide superconductor. The oxide semiconductor layer of the superconducting thin film in accordance with the present invention may have a thickness of 1 to 200 nanometers. Therefore, a fine processing technique is not necessary to form the oxide semiconductor layer. Preferably, the oxide semiconductor layer is formed of La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor or La 1.5 Ca 1.5 Mn 3 O 7-z oxide semiconductor. In a preferred embodiment, the oxide superconductor is formed of high-T c (high critical temperature) oxide superconductor, particularly, formed of a high-T c copper-oxide type compound oxide superconductor for example a Y-Ba-Cu-O compound oxide superconductor material and a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compound oxide superconductor material. In addition, the substrate can be formed of an insulating substrate, preferably an oxide single crystalline substrate such as MgO, SrTiO 3 , CdNdAlO 4 , etc. These substrate materials are very effective in forming or growing a crystalline film having 3 high degree of crystalline orientation. According to another aspect of the present invention as claimed, there is provided a superconducting current path structure comprising a substrate, a first and a second horizontal superconducting current paths formed of c -axis orientated oxide superconductor layers and stacked on the principle surface of the substrate, an insulator layer inserted between the first and second horizontal superconducting current paths so as to electrically isolate them, a vertical superconducting current path of an a -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer, which electrically connects the first and the second horizontal superconducting current paths, and oxide semiconductor layers inserted between the first and second horizontal superconducting current paths and the vertical superconducting current path in which superconducting current can flow between the first and the second horizontal superconducting current paths and the vertical superconducting current path through the oxide semiconductor layers by a long-range proximity effect. According to still another aspect of the present invention as claimed, there is provided a superconducting device comprising a substrate, an extremely thin superconducting channel, having a thickness of less than 5nm, formed of a c -axis orientated oxide superconductor thin film on the principal surface of the substrate, a superconducting source region and a superconducting drain region of a relatively thick thickness formed of the a -axis orientated oxide superconductor at the both sides of the superconducting channel separated from each other but electrically connected through the superconducting channel, so that a superconducting current can flow through the superconducting channel between the superconducting source region and the superconducting drain region, a gate electrode through a gate insulator on the superconducting channel for controlling the superconducting current flowing through the superconducting channel, and an oxide semiconductor layers between the superconducting channel and the superconducting source region and between the superconducting channel and the superconducting drain region, which superconducting current pass by a long-range proximity effect. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1A to 1E are diagrammatic sectional views for illustrating a process for manufacturing an embodiment of the superconducting current path in accordance with the present invention; and Figures 2A to 2F are diagrammatic sectional views for illustrating a process for manufacturing an embodiment of the super-FET in accordance with the present invention. Description of the Preferred embodiments Embodiment 1 Referring to Figures 1A to 1E, a process for manufacturing an embodiment of the superconducting current path in accordance with the present invention will be described. As shown in Figure 1A, a substrate 10 having a substantially planar principal surface was prepared. This substrate 10 was formed of a SrTiO 3 (110) substrate or another insulator substrate such as a MgO (100) substrate. As shown in Figure 1B, a c -axis orientated YiBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 1, a SrTiO 3 insulator layer 17 and a c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 2 were deposited and stacked on the principal surface of the substrate 10 by for example an off-axis sputtering, a reactive co-evaporation, an MBE (molecular beam epitaxy), a CVD, etc. The c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layers 1 and 2 had a thickness of about 400 nanometers and respectively constituted superconducting current paths through which superconducting current flew in parallel to the substrate 10. The insulator layer 17 might be formed of MgO instead of SrTiO 3 . The condition of forming the c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layers 1 and 2 by off-axis sputtering was as follows: Sputtering Gas Ar: 90% O 2 : 10% Total pressure 6.665 Pa (5 × 10 -2 Torr) Temperature of the substrate 700°C Then, as shown in Figure 1C, a portion 30 of the stacked structure including the c-axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layers 1 and 2 and the insulator layer 17 was etched by a reactive ion etching process using a chloric gas so that a surface of the substrate 10 was exposed. A vertical current path, such as a via hole, which connects the c-axis orientated oxide superconductor layers 1 and 2 will be formed at the portion 30. Thereafter,as shown in Figure 1D, a La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 having a thickness of 100 nanometers was deposited on the c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 2 and the exposed portion of the substrate 10 by a sputtering process. The condition of forming the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 by sputtering was as follows: Sputtering Gas Ar: 50% O 2 : 50% Total pressure 6.665 Pa (5 × 10 -2 Torr) Temperature of the substrate 700°C The oxide semiconductor layer 8 may be formed of La 1.5 Ca 1.5 Mn 3 O 7-z oxide semiconductor instead of La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor. An oxide superconductor in contact with these oxide semiconductors shows a long-range proximity effect so that the superconducting current flows through a relatively long distance in the semiconductors. Finally, as shown in Figure 1E, an a -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 13 was formed on the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 by an MBE process so that the superconducting current path in accordance with the present invention was completed. An MBE condition under which the a -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 13 was formed was as follows: Molecular beam source Y: 1250°C Ba: 600°C Cu: 1040°C Pressure 6.665 × 10 -3 Pa (5 × 10 -5 Torr) Temperature of the substrate 630°C The a -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 13 was electrically connected to the c-axis orientated oxide superconductor layers 1 and 2 through the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8, since the superconducting current passed the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 by the long-range proximity effect. Namely, two horizontal superconducting current paths of the c-axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layers 1 and 2 were electrically connected through a vertical superconducting current path of the a -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 13. The above mentioned superconducting path in accordance with the present invention has a La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer between horizontal superconducting current paths of c -axis orientated oxide superconductor layers and a vertical superconducting current path of a a -axis orientated oxide superconductor layer. Therefore, there is no grain boundary of the oxide superconductor at the interfaces between the horizontal superconducting current paths and the vertical superconducting current path. The superconducting current can pass the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer by a long-range proximity effect so that there is no Josephson junction nor electric resistance at the interfaces. By this, the current capability and characteristics of the superconducting path can be improved. Embodiment 2 Referring to Figures 2A to 2F, a process for manufacturing an embodiment of the superconducting device in accordance with the present invention will be described. As shown in Figure 2A, there was prepared a substrate 10, similar to the substrate 10 of the Embodiment 1. As shown in Figure 2B, a c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 2 having a thickness of about 5 nanometers was formed on a principal surface of the substrate 10 by for example an off-axis sputtering. The off-axis sputtering was performed under the same condition as that of the Embodiment 1. Then, as shown in Figure 2C, a MgO insulator layer 17 having a thickness of 10 nanometers and an Au layer 15 were deposited on the c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 2. The Au layer 15, the insulator layer 17 and the c -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor layer 2 were processed by an Ar-ion etching so that a gate electrode 5, a gate insulator 7 and a superconducting channel 20 were formed on a center portion of the substrate 10, as shown in Figure 2D. In this connection, the gate insulator 7 was side-etched in comparison with the gate electrode 5, so that the gate insulator 7 had a length shorter than that of the gate electrode 5. The gate insulator 7 can be formed of SrTiO 3 and the gate electrode can be formed of Ag. Thereafter, as shown in Figure 2E, a La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 having almost the same thickness as the superconducting channel 20 was deposited on the the substrate 10 at the both sides of the superconducting channel by a sputtering process. The sputtering was performed under the same condition as that of the Embodiment 1. The oxide semiconductor layer 8 may be formed of La 1.5 Ca 1.5 Mn 3 O 7-z oxide semiconductor instead of La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor. An oxide superconductor in contact with these oxide semiconductors shows a long-range proximity effect so that the superconducting current flows through a relatively long distance in the semiconductors. Finally, as shown in Figure 2F, a superconducting source region 3 and a superconducting drain region 4 of an a -axis orientated Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ oxide superconductor thin film were formed on the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 at both sides of the gate insulator 7 and on the gate electrode 5, respectively. The MBE condition under which the superconducting source region 3 and the superconducting drain region 4 are formed is same as the Embodiment 1. A metal source electrode and a metal drain electrode might be formed on the superconducting source region 3 and the superconducting drain region 4 respectively, if necessary. With this, the super-FET in accordance with the present invention was completed. The above mentioned super-FET in accordance with the present invention has a La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 between the superconducting channel 20 and the superconducting source region and between the superconducting channel 20 and the superconducting drain region 4. Therefore, there is no grain boundary of the oxide superconductor at the interfaces between the superconducting channel 20 and the superconducting source region 3 and between the superconducting channel 20 and the superconducting drain region 4. The superconducting current can pass the La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor layer 8 by a long-range proximity effect so that there is no Josephson junction nor electric resistance at the interfaces. By this, the current capability and characteristics of the super-FET can be improved. In the above mentioned embodiments, the oxide superconductor thin film can be formed of not only the Y-Ba-Cu-O compound oxide superconductor material, but also a high-T c (high critical temperature) oxide superconductor material, particularly a high-T c copper-oxide type compound oxide superconductor material, for example a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compound oxide superconductor material. The invention has thus been shown and described with reference to the specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the present invention is in no way limited to the details of the illustrated structures but converts and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: A superconductor structure comprising: a first oxide superconductor layer in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is horizontally orientated; a second oxide superconductor layer in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is vertically orientated; and an oxide semiconductor layer formed between said first and second oxide superconductor layers, to provide a superconducting current path between the first and second oxide superconductor layers through which a superconducting current flows by a long-range proximity effect. A superconductor structure claimed in Claim 1, wherein the oxide semiconductor layer has a thickness of 1 to 200 nanometers. A superconductor structure claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the oxide semiconductor layer is formed of La 1.5 Ba 1.5 Cu 3 O 7-y oxide semiconductor or La 1.5 Ca 1.5 Mn 3 O 7-z oxide semiconductor. A superconductor structure claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the oxide superconductor is formed of a high-T c copper-oxide type compound oxide superconductor. A superconductor structure claimed in Claim 4, wherein the oxide superconductor is formed of oxide superconductor material selected from the group consisting of a Y-Ba-Cu-O compound oxide superconductor material and a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O compound oxide superconductor material. A superconducting multi-layer current path structure comprising: a substrate; a first and a second horizontal superconducting current paths formed of oxide superconductor layers in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is vertically orientated and stacked on the substrate; an insulator layer inserted between the first and second horizontal superconducting current paths so as to electrically isolate them; a vertical superconducting current path formed of an oxide superconductor layer in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is horizontally orientated, which electrically connects the first and the second horizontal superconducting current paths, and oxide semiconductor layers inserted between the first and second horizontal superconducting current paths and the vertical superconducting current path, the oxide semiconductor layers forming a superconducting current path between the first and the second horizontal superconducting current paths and the vertical superconducting current path through which a superconducting current flows by a long long-range proximity effect. A superconducting device comprising: a substrate; a thin superconducting channel having a thickness of less than 5 nm disposed on the substrate and formed of an oxide superconductor thin film in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is vertically orientated ; a superconducting source region and a superconducting drain region of a relatively thick thickness, having a larger thickness than the superconducting channel formed of oxide superconductor in which c -axis of the oxide superconductor crystal is horizontally orientated at the both sides of the superconducting channel separated from each other but electrically connected through the superconducting channel, so that a superconducting current can flow through the superconducting channel between the superconducting source region and the superconducting drain region; a gate electrode on a gate insulator formed on the superconducting channel for controlling the superconducting current flowing through the superconducting channel, and oxide semiconductor layers between the superconducting channel and the superconducting source region and between the superconducting channel and the superconducting drain region, forming a superconducting current path through which a surperconducting current passes by a long-range proximity effect.

Inventors: IIYAMA MICHITOMO, INADA HIROSHI, IIYAMA, MICHITOMO, INADA, HIROSHI, IIYAMA, MICHITOMO, C/O OSAKA WORKS OF SUMITOMO, INADA, HIROSHI, C/O OSAKA WORKS OF SUMITOMO
Applicants: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: H01L39
IPC codes: H01L39