Dry change fuel filter system

Abstract: A fuel filter assembly (10) of a type where a disposable cartridge element (14) is connectible in suspended fashion below a base (12) is adapted so that cartridge replacement may be accomplished in a dry or spill-free fashion. A plug (60) is dimensioned and positioned within the base (12) and extends into the connected cartridge (14) to occupy a pre-established cartridge volume. When cartridge (14) is axially disconnected from the base (12), the cartridge essentially gains free volume. The free volume gain allows for the cartridge (14) to capture any fuel which may drain from the base (12).

Description: This invention relates generally to devices for filtering and separating liquids. More particularly, the present invention relates to fuel filters for removing foreign particles and separating water from fuel of the fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine. The absence of high standards of quality control in diesel fuel supplies dictates that an effective fuel filter be incorporated into the fuel supply system of a diesel engine. It is not uncommon for diesel fuel to have significant quantities of abrasive particles and water. The abrasive particles present the potential for permanent damage to components of the fuel injection pump. The abrasive particles can also adversely affect the performance of the pump by destroying the ability of the fuel injection pump to precisely meter and deliver fuel at high pressures. The presence of water in the diesel fuel supply can cause corrosion of engine components, and during freezing conditions, can result in interruption of the fuel injection system and/or seizure of moving components. Commonly, fuel filters employ a disposable filter cartridge which is replaced at pre-established intervals of filter usage. There are a wide variety of fuel filter configurations and orientations. In some fuel filter configurations, the disposable cartridge is suspended directly below the base in an inverted disposition which is referred to herein as an inverted fuel filter. While an inverted fuel filter satisfies a number of functional and dimensional constraints for certain applications, a common deficiency of a number of fuel filters, particularly those inverted fuel filters wherein the disposable cartridge is suspended below the base, is that during the replacement process significant quantities of fuel may discharge from the base and spill into the immediate environment. The fuel spillage is undesirable in terms of safety, potential environmental pollution and technician safety and hygiene. The spillage may also result in clean-up and disposal costs. In EP-A-0405447, one disclosed inverted fuel filter assembly employs a base and a disposable filter cartridge which is suspended directly below the filter base. The cartridge includes a dual stage filter system wherein the fuel flows axially to a primary filter element for removing particulate matter and coalescing water droplets and axially to a second filter stage which functions as a water barrier. The filtered fuel flows generally axially back to the base and exits through an outlet passage in the base. The cartridge is retained on the base by a threaded collar which engages against a roll seam structure at the periphery of the cartridge housing. The base further includes a pair of concentric axial conduits or sleeves which seal with sealing grommets of the disposable cartridge and essentially function as inlet and outlet conduits between the base and the disposable cartridge. In one embodiment, the coalesced water is collected in the bottom of the cartridge and removed via a drain cock. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a fuel filter assembly comprising: a base having a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet; and first and second axial conduits in fluid communication with said fuel inlet and fuel outlet, respectively; a filter cartridge connectible in suspended fashion from said base and arranged to be in fluid communication with said base via said first and second conduits, said cartridge having filtering means for filtering fuel which follows a flow path through said filtering means from said first conduit, and retainer means for lockably securing said cartridge means to said base means; characterised in that the base further comprises a plug means extending into said first conduit, a pre-established volume of said plug means being disposed in said cartridge when said cartridge is connected to said base; the arrangement being such that when said retainer means is unlocked and said cartridge means is axially disconnected from said base, any fuel which discharges from said base means through said conduits under the force of gravity is captured in said cartridge. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a fuel filter assembly having a base and a filter cartridge, the base defining a cavity and having first and second conduits in fluid communication with the cavity for providing generally axial fluid communication, the filter cartridge being connectable to the base for disposition below the base and arranged to be in fluid communication with the base via the first and second conduits, the filter cartridge having filter elements for filtering fuel which traverses a flow path through the filter elements, the filter assembly being characterised by the base comprising plug means positioned in the cavity and at least partially extending into the first and second conduits, a pre-established volume of said plug means being disposed in the filter cartridge when the filter cartridge is connected to the base, said plug means defining a free volume in the filter cartridge upon removal of the filter cartridge from the base wherein any fuel which discharges from the base under the force of gravity falls in the filter cartridge and occupies a portion of said free volume for retention thereby. According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a fuel filter assembly having a base and a filter cartridge, the filter cartridge being connectable in suspended fashion to the base and arranged to be in fluid communication with the base along an axial flow path having a first flow area in the filter cartridge, the filter cartridge having filter elements for filtering fuel which traverse through the filter elements, the filter assembly being characterised by the base comprising axially extending plug means, a pre-established volume of said plug means being disposed in the filter cartridge when the filter cartridge is connected to the base and a generally uniform transverse area, the first flow area being less than or equal to said transverse area, the free volume in the filter cartridge increasing by an amount at least equal to said pre-established plug means volume upon removal of the filter cartridge from the base wherein fuel dischargeable from the base under the force of gravity is captured by the filter cartridge. Briefly stated, the invention in a preferred form is a fuel filter assembly of an inverted type wherein a disposable filter cartridge is suspended below the base. The inverted fuel filter incorporates improvements so that upon replacement of the cartridge, excess fuel within the base is effectively captured by the cartridge and fuel leakage or spillage is effectively eliminated. In one embodiment, the base has an inlet and an outlet and first and second axial conduits which provide fluid communication between the base and the disposable filter cartridge. A plug is positioned in the base and extends into the first conduit. The disposable filter cartridge is suspended from the base and is sealable with the first and second axial conduits which are partially received in the cartridge. The cartridge may include one or more filter elements for filtering fuel. The fuel path through the cartridge traverses through the first conduit, the filter elements and the second conduit. A retainer element is employed for locking the cartridge to the base. The plug occupies a pre-established volume of the cartridge when the cartridge is mounted to the base. When the cartridge is axially dismounted from the base for replacement, the volume of fuel which discharges from the base under gravitational force is less than the pre-established volume. The fuel discharged from the base essentially traverses the axial conduits and is captured in the disposable cartridge since the cartridge gains free volume upon replacement or dismounting due to the removal of a portion of the plug. A fluid retaining annulus may be provided at the upper end of the cartridge at various locations to facilitate cartridge retention of the discharged fuel. The plug may be a one piece element having a base with multiple substantially radial slotted passages and an axial shaft which extends substantially the length of the first conduit. The upper portion of the plug may be retained in a cavity which is defined by an upper threaded cap of the base. Alternately, the volume plug structure may be provided by relatively thick wall structures of the axial conduits which provide fuel communication between the base and the cartridge. The preferred embodiments of the invention thus provide a new and improved dry change fuel filter assembly, wherein excess fuel dischargeable from the base during replacement is captured by the disposable filter cartridge. In the preferred arrangements of the present invention a new and improved inverted fuel filter assembly is provided having an efficient and inexpensive configuration which substantially eliminates fuel spillage during replacement of the disposable filter cartridge. A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings; wherein Figure 1 is an elevated sectional view of a dry change fuel filter system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a bottom view of a volume plug employed in the filter system of Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a fragmentary sectional view, partly in schematic, of the fuel filter system of Figure 1 in a dismounted configuration further illustrating the principle of operation thereof. With reference to the drawings wherein like numerals represent like parts throughout the several figures, a fuel filter assembly in accordance with the present invention is generally designated by the numeral 10. Fuel filter assembly 10 comprises a base 12 and a disposable filter cartridge 14. The fuel filter assembly is especially adapted for incorporation into the fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine (not illustrated), such as a diesel engine, for removing particulate matter from the fuel and for separating water from the fuel. The base 12 is fixedly mounted to the engine header or other fixed position of the vehicle. The base is disposed generally above the disposable filter cartridge 14 which is secured to the base by means of a retainer collar 16. The base 12 forms an inverted cup-like receptacle which defines a lower receiving cavity for the upper portions of the disposable cartridge. A central stepped axial bore 22 in the base closely receives an elongated sleeve-like conduit 24 and an outer concentric sleeve-like conduit 26 of reduced length. The conduits 24 and 26 provide generally co-axial fluid communication between the base and the disposable cartridge. An inlet passage (not illustrated) is formed at an upper side location of the base to provide fluid communication through the passageway defined by the first conduit 24. An outlet passage (not illustrated) is also formed at an upper opposing side portion of the base to provide external fluid communication from the axial fluid conduit defined between the first and second conduits 24 and 26. An integral projecting bracket 40 for anchoring the filter base to the engine header projects transversely from the base. The bracket has a pair of openings (not illustrated ) through which fasteners are inserted. An upper portion of the base has a circumferential threaded surface 46. An endcap 50 includes an interior threaded surface 52 which is complementary with the surface 46 and is threadably securable thereon. The endcap threadably seals to the base body by means of a seal ring 54 to provide a fluid tight connection with respect to an upper cavity 56 of the base. A plug 60 is inserted into the cavity and positioned so as to partially protrude downwardly into the first conduit 24. The plug is retained in position by means of the endcap 50 and the walls defining the cavity. The plug has an axially projecting column 62 with a closed or solid distal end. The distal end portion of the column is dimensioned to occupy a pre-established volume as will be detailed below. A circumferential shoulder 64 projects radially at the top of the column and occupies a substantial portion of the cavity 56. The shoulder 64 is defined by a peripheral circular rim 66 which engages the cavity defining walls to center the plug so that the projecting column 62 of the plug extends generally coaxially in the first conduit 24. The diameter of the column 62 is less than the diameter of the first axial conduit 24 to permit fluid communication between the base and the cartridge. The plug column 62 may extend the entire length of the conduit and project slightly beyond the lower terminus thereof. The plug may be formed of plastic or other suitable material and may have a solid or hollow core. At the upper underside portion of the shoulder, radial grooves or recesses 68 extend from an annular recess 69 encircling the column to allow for the fuel communication from the inlet passage to the first conduit 24. The annular recess 69 is optional. The disposable filter cartridge 14 comprises a can-like container 70 which is formed by a pair of lower and upper cup-like metal sections 72 and 74 which are joined along a circumferential roll seam 80. The truncated upper section 72 is a molded member which includes a central axial opening. A sealing grommet 76 mounted at the opening diametrally seals against the outer conduit 26. The top surface of container section 72 is contoured to form an annular recess 77. A secondary filter element 78 which has a continuous fan-shaped pleated configuration is housed within the upper section. The lower end of the secondary element 78 is engaged by a medial plate 81 which has a central opening. A second sealing grommet 84 mounted at the plate opening diametrally seals against the first conduit 24. The primary filter element 86 which also has a continuous fan-like configuration engages the underside of the medial plate. The medial plate has a peripheral compound bend which forms a pair of engagement structures for the filters 78 and 86. The lower portion of the primary element is retained by a lower plate 88 having an upturned peripheral flange. The primary element is housed in the lower section 74. A sump 90 is formed at the bottom of the lower section to collect water which coalesces from the fuel. A drain cock 92 is disposed in the lower portion of the cartridge for draining the water. The cartridge includes an annular recess 94. The annular recess 94 is located inwardly adjacent the roll seam 80. The recess defines one or more slots for receiving complementary keys 98 projecting from the end of the base. The threaded retainer collar 16 includes a rim-like shoulder 100 for retentively engaging the roll seam 80. The collar threads to the base for securing the disposable cartridge to the base. A dust seal 102 may be interposed between the upper end of the retainer collar and an annular sealing shoulder of the base. With reference to Figure 3, when the disposable filter cartridge is locked to the base, the plug occupies a volume V1 within the disposable cartridge 14. In addition, the conduits 24 and 26 occupy smaller volumes V2 and V3, respectively. As the cartridge is axially dismounted from the base, the cartridge essentially gains free volume VF = V1+V2+V3 due to the absence of the plug portion volume V1 and conduit portion volumes V2 and V3. As the cartridge is axially dismounted, the fuel which remains in the base drains through conduits 24 and/or 26 into the cartridge container and is essentially captured thereby. Plug 60 is preferably dimensioned so that during cartridge replacement, the volume of free fuel which discharges from the base under the force of gravity, designated schematically by Vd, is less than volume V1 and naturally less than the composite free volume VF. The annuli 77 and 94 may also aid to retain the draining fuel. Consequently, replacement or dismounting of the disposable cartridge from the base can be accomplished in essentially a dry change fashion with all of the fuel draining from the base being efficiently captured by the removed disposable cartridge. It will be appreciated that the plug 60 may assume a wide variety of configurations which essentially implement a negative volume when the cartridge is mounted to the base. In an alternative embodiment (not illustrated in accurate dimensional relationship to the other filter assembly components), the conduit 24 may have a considerably increased wall thickness or includes a liner which occupies a significant volume within the cartridge when the cartridge is mounted to the base. The volume plug may thus essentially comprise the modified axial conduit. In addition, conduit 26 may be modified to have a significantly greater wall thickness. As a rule, the flow area through conduit 24 is preferably less than or equal to the uniform, cross-sectional area of the conduit walls and/or plug portions which are received in the cartridge when the cartridge is mounted to the base. For embodiments wherein the wall thicknesses of conduits 24 and 26 are suitably increased in lieu of the central axial volume plug to provide the axial volume plug, Vf = V2+V3 and the volume of the interior passage formed by conduit 24 and disposed in the cartridge is less than or equal to V2+V3. The negative free volume Vf is accordingly preferably greater than the volume of the fuel Vd in the base which may drain or discharge under the ordinary gravitational force. The plug is preferably formed of plastic or other suitable materials and is dimensioned to allow for the efficient passage of the fuel into the cartridge. The plug is also preferably dimensioned to provide self-centering or self-positioning within the base. In the illustrated embodiment, the plug may essentially be inserted through the upper cavity and secured by means of the removable endcap which is employed to mount an optional heating element. While a preferred embodiment of the foregoing invention has been set forth for purposes of illustration, the foregoing description should not be deemed a limitation of the invention herein. Accordingly, various modifications, adaptations and alternatives may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

Claims: A fuel filter assembly (10) comprising: a base (12) having a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet; and first and second axial conduits (24,26) in fluid communication with said fuel inlet and fuel outlet, respectively; a filter cartridge (14) connectable in suspended fashion from said base (12) and arranged to be in fluid communication with said base (12) via said first and second conduits (24,26), said cartridge (14) having filtering means (78,86) for filtering fuel which follows a flow path through said filtering means (78,86) from said first conduit (24); and retainer means (16) for lockably securing said cartridge means (14) to said base means (12); characterised in that the base further comprises a plug means (60) extending into said first conduit (24), a pre-established volume of said plug means (60) being disposed in said cartridge (14) when said cartridge (14) is connected to said base (12); the arrangement being such that when said retainer means (16) is unlocked and said cartridge (14) is axially disconnected from said base (12), any fuel which discharges from said base means (12) through said conduits (24,26) under the force of gravity is captured in said cartridge (14). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said plug means (60) comprises a positioning shoulder (64) and a column (62) projecting from said positioning shoulder (64). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 2, further comprising positioning means (66) for positioning said column (62) in generally coaxial relationship with said first conduit (24). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said plug means (60) defines a recess (69) which forms a passageway between said fuel inlet and said first conduit (24). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, further comprising an endcap (50) threadably mounted to said base means (12), said endcap (50) partially defining a cavity (56) and said plug means (60) partially occupies said cavity (56). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 2 to 5, wherein the underside of said positioning shoulder (64) defines a plurality of generally radial grooves (68). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said cartridge (14) comprises a housing (70) having an end portion configured to define a recessed retaining annulus positionable to surround said first and second conduits (24,26) when said cartridge (14) is connected to said base (12). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a second retaining annulus positionable to surround said first and second conduits (24,26) when said cartridge (14) is connected to said base (12). A fuel filter assembly (10) having a base (12) and a filter cartridge (14), the base defining a cavity and having first and second conduits (24,26) in fluid communication with the cavity (56) for providing generally axial fluid communication, the filter cartridge (14) being connectable to the base (12) for disposition below the base (12) and arranged to be in fluid communication with the base (12) via the first and second conduits (24,26), the filter cartridge (14) having filter elements (78,86) for filtering fuel which traverses a flow path through the filter elements (78, 86), the filter assembly (10) being characterised by the base comprising plug means (60) positioned in the cavity (56) and at least partially extending into the first and second conduits (24,26), a pre-established volume of said plug means (60) being disposed in the filter cartridge (14) when the filter cartridge (14) is connected to the base (12), said plug means (60) defining a free volume in the filter cartridge (14) upon removal of the filter cartridge (14) from the base (12) wherein any fuel which discharges from the base (12) under the force of gravity falls in the filter cartridge (14) and occupies a portion of said free volume for retention thereby. A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein said plug means (60) comprises a positioning shoulder (64) and a central column (62) projecting generally perpendicularly from said positioning shoulder (64). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 10, wherein said positioning shoulder (64) further comprises a circular positioning rim (66) for positioning said column (62) in generally coaxial relationship with said conduit means (24,26). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 9 to 11, wherein said cartridge (14) comprises a housing (70) having an end portion configured to define a recessed retaining annulus positionable to surround said conduits (24,26) when said cartridge (14) is connected to said base (12). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the underside of said positioning shoulder (64) defines a plurality of generally radial grooves (68). A fuel filter assembly (10) having a base (12) and a filter cartridge (14), the filter cartridge (14) being connectable in suspended fashion to the base (12) and arranged to be in fluid communication with the base (12) along an axial flow path having a first flow area in the filter cartridge (14), the filter cartridge (14) having filter elements (78,86) for filtering fuel which traverse through the filter elements (78,86), the filter assembly (10) being characterised by the base comprising axially extending plug means (60), a pre-established volume of said plug means (60) being disposed in the filter cartridge (14) when the filter cartridge (14) is connected to the base (12) and having a generally uniform transverse area, the first flow area being less than or equal to said transverse area, the free volume in the filter cartridge (14) increasing by an amount at least equal to said pre-established plug means volume (V1) upon removal of the filter cartridge (14) from the base (12) wherein fuel dischargeable from the base (12) under the force of gravity is captured by the filter cartridge (14). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 14, wherein said plug (60) comprises a positioning shoulder (64) and a column (62) projecting from said positioning shoulder (64). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein said base means (12) defines a fuel inlet passage and a first axial conduit (24) and said plug means (60) defines a recess (22) which forms a passageway between said fuel inlet and said first conduit (24). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 14 to 16, further comprising endcap means (50) threadably connectible to said base (12), said endcap means (50) partially defining a cavity (56), and said plug means (60) partially occupies said cavity (56). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 15 to 17, wherein the underside of said positioning shoulder (64) defines an annular recess (69) surrounding said column (62) and a plurality of generally radial grooves (68) leading from said annulus (69). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 14 and 18, wherein said cartridge (14) comprises a housing (70) having an upper top panel portion defining a retaining annulus positionable to surround said plug means (60) when said cartridge (14) is connected to said base means (12). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein there are three equiangularly spaced grooves (68). A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 15 to 20, wherein said plug means (60) is symmetric about a central axis. A fuel filter assembly as claimed in any of claims 14 to 21, wherein said flow path is defined by an axial conduit and said plug means (60) comprises said conduit.

Inventors: JANIK LEON P, JANIK, LEON P.
Applicants: STANADYNE AUTOMOTIVE CORP, STANADYNE AUTOMOTIVE CORP.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B01D35
IPC codes: B01D35, B01D27, F02M37