METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A RADIO TRANSMITTER UNIT

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling base station transmitters in a cellular system, such as a GSM system, the base station comprising at least two transmitters (TX1 ... TX4) transmitting on at least one control carrier and at least one traffic carrier, wherein the power transmitted on the traffic carrier is on the average lower than the power transmitted on the control carrier. In order to improve the overall life expectancy of the transmitters, at least the transmitter transmitting on the control carrier is changed constantly.

Description: Method for controlling a radio transmitter unit The invention relates to a method for con¬ trolling base station transmitters in a cellular system, the base station comprising at least two transmitters transmitting on at least one control carrier and at least one traffic carrier, wherein the power transmitted on the traffic carrier is on the average lower than the power transmitted on the control carrier. In the GSM radio system (like in any other similar cellular system, such as the PCN system), the channels to be used can be divided into two different classes: traffic channels (TCH) and control channels. Traffic channels, which transmit either speech or subscriber data, employ a dynamic control of transmission power both at the base station and at the mobile station. The power control word comprises four bits, so that 16 power levels are available. The spacing between two successive power levels is 2 dB, the entire power control range being 30 dB. In the so-called TX-on time slot, in which the transmission takes place, the transmission power (on the traffic channel) is adjusted in each time slot of a frame in accordance with the above-mentioned power control word to one of the sixteen different power levels. The control channels are used for signalling and synchronization. The GSM control channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH) which is a one-way channel from the base station to the mobile stations. The BCCH channel transmits cell-specific data (con¬ cerning power levels, frequencies, etc. ) to the mobile stations. The power control of the mobile station is based on measurements performed by the base station, and vice versa . As the measurements performed by the mobile station need a reference level, the power transmitted on the BCCH channel is constant in each cell. At the same time this constant power is the maximum power of the cell in order that the signal strength of the channel could be main¬ tained good even within the edge areas of the cell. At present, the same base station transmitter is used for transmitting the BCCH carrier all the time, and so this transmitter has to transmit at a power considerably higher than the average transmis¬ sion power of the base-station transmitters trans¬ mitting the traffic carrier. As a result, the mean time between failure (MTBF) of the BCCH transmitter is considerably shorter than that of the transmitters transmitting the traffic carrier, which, in turn, affects negatively the lifetime of the entire trans¬ mitter unit of the base station. The object of the present invention is to improve the overall life expectancy of the trans- mitters of the base station. This is achieved by means of a method according to the invention, which is characterized in that at least the transmitter transmitting the control carrier is changed constant¬ ly. The basic idea of the invention is to increase the lifetime of the transmitter unit by dividing the transmission of the control channels having an average transmission power clearly higher than the average transmission power of the traffic channels between different transmitters. The arrangement according to the invention improves significantly the overall life expectancy of the base station transmitters, as appears from the calculation example below. In the following the invention and its preferred embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the examples of the attached drawings, in which Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the transmitter arrangement of a base station in a cel¬ lular system at a first time instant; Figure 2 illustrates the transmitter arrange¬ ment of Figure 1 at a second time instant; and Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating a base station transmitter arrangement in a cellular system when applying a preferred embodiment of the inven¬ tion. * Figures 1 and 2 are block diagrams of a base station transmitter unit in a cellular system, such as a GSM system, where the invention is applied. The base station comprises at least two, in this specific case four transmitters indicated by the references TXl ... TX4. The outputs of the transmitters are con¬ nected to a radio-frequency summing means 10, which connects the outputs of the transmitters to a common transmitting antenna ANT. The summing means 10 con¬ tains a manually or automatically tunable trans¬ mission filter of the bandpass type for each trans¬ mitter. The base station further comprises a plurality of baseband signal processing units 11a to lid, which generate baseband modulation signals for the trans¬ mitters TXl ... TX4. Data to be transmitted is coded and positioned in a frame structure in the signal processing units. A switching matrix 12 is provided between the signal processing units and the trans¬ mitters, which switches outgoing baseband signals to the transmitters. As is well-known, the base station transmits both on traffic channels and on control channels, including a broadcast control channel BCCH (in the GSM system). As the average transmission power of the traffic channels in practical conditions is probably considerably lower than the power transmitted on the BCCH carrier (which is a constant power in the GSM system; in practice, it corresponds to the maximum power of the cell), the transmitter transmitting on the BCCH carrier is changed constantly. In the BCCH transmission, BCCH data is thus connected at the first time instant e.g. to the transmitter TXl trans¬ mitting at a BCCH frequency f BCCH (Figure 1). After a predetermined time period, the transmitter TX3, for instance, starts to operate as the BCCH transmitter, so that the BCCH data is now connected to the trans- mitter TX3, which transmits at the BCCH frequency (Figure 2). In this way the transmitter is changed constantly at predetermined intervals. The time be¬ tween the transmitter changes can be relatively long as compared with e.g. the system time slot due to the rather long warm-up time of the transmitters. In practice, the time between the changes may be even a few seconds but it may also be shorter, e.g. equal to the TDMA frame (the length of the frame in the GSM system is about 4.615 ms). The BCCH transmitter can be changed e.g. in a predetermined sequence. At a two-carrier base station the changing means that each transmitter transmits alternately the BCCH channel carrier and the other carrier. Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the change of the BCCH transmitter depends on the measuring of temperature. A temperature measuring unit 20 measures (constantly or at predetermined intervals) the temperature of each transmitter TXl ... TX4. The switching matrix 12 receives the temperature data from the measuring unit and controls the channels so that at least the BCCH transmission (effected at the maximum power of the cell) will always be performed by the coldest transmitter. This embodiment may also be extended to all channels to be transmitted so that the channel having the highest power at each particular moment is assigned to the coldest transmitter, the second highest power to the next coldest transmitter, etc. In this embodiment, both the control and the traffic channels can be taken into account, that is, it is possible to achieve proper control merely on the basis of the mutual transmission' powers of the traffic channels e.g. in time slots where trans¬ mission takes place only on the traffic channels (not on the control channel). The following calculation example describes the effect of the changing procedure on the overall life expectancy of the transmitters. Assume that the base station comprises two transmitters (two carriers), in addition to which the following further assumptions are made: Ambient temperature 25°C Dissipation power in other trans- mitter unit modules (than the power amplifier) 7.8 W Efficiency of the power transmitter 28% Coefficient for temperature rise 0.65 C C/ . 1. The transmitter transmits the BCCH channel Output power 28 W Unit temperature 77°C Assume that the mean time between failure (MTBF) of the unit is 65,000 h = 7.4 yrs. 2. The transmitter transmits only traffic channels Average transmission power Unit temperature MTBF (assuming that it is doubled when the temperature drops 10°C) 3. The transmitter transmits alternately the BCCH carrier and the carrier of the traffic channels. Average transmission power 10.5 W Unit temperature 48°C MTBF 55.4 yrs. 4. Overall lifetime when only one transmitter transmits the BCCH channel. The MTBF of the transmitter transmitting at full power is 7.4 yrs. When this is broken, the other transmitter starts to operate at full power. MTBF in all = 2*7.4 yrs = 14.8 yrs. 5. Overall lifetime when the BCCH channel is transmitted alternately. MTBF in all = 2*55.4 yrs = 110.8 yrs. The figures in the above calculation example are rather relative than absolute. As appears from points 4 and 5, however, the principle according to the invention affects significantly the overall life expectancy of the transmitters. Even though the invention has been described above with reference to the example of the attached drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to it, but it can be modified in various ways within the inventive idea described above and in the accompanying claims. Even though the BCCH channel of the GSM system is mainly referred to above, the method is equally applicable to other transmitter units in which the basic situation is similar. The structure of the base station, for instance, may also be varied in many ways. The base station may be provided with e.g. a frequency hopping function which may be realized by variable-frequency transmitters or by fixed-frequency transmitters with baseband frequency hopping.

Claims: Claims : 1. Method for controlling base station trans¬ mitters in a cellular system, such as a GSM system, the base station comprising at least two transmitters ( Xl ... TX4) transmitting on at least one control carrier and at least one traffic carrier, wherein the power transmitted on the traffic carrier is on the average lower than the power transmitted on the control carrier, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that at least the transmitter transmitting on the control carrier is changed constantly. 2. Method according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the temperatures of the trans- mitters (TXl ... TX4) are measured, and the coldest transmitter is always selected as the transmitter transmitting on the control carrier. 3. Method according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the temperatures of the trans- mitters (TXl ... TX4) are measured, and the trans¬ mitters transmitting on both the control and the traffic carrier are selected so that a higher trans¬ mission power always corresponds to a lower trans¬ mitter temperature. 4. Method according to claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the transmitter (TXl ... TX4) transmitting on the control carrier is changed in a preselected sequence.

Inventors: HALONEN HARRI, HALONEN, HARRI
Applicants: NOKIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS OY
Application year: 1992
Main classification: H04B7
IPC codes: H04B7, H04W52