Active suspension actuator with real-time damping

Abstract: In an active suspension actuator (10), a piston and rod subassembly (12) is reciprocally mounted in a piston tube subassembly (14). A transfer tube (130) is concentrically mounted in the rod (20) and is in fluid communication with a pressurized source (19) of fluid. A solenoid valve subassembly (18) provides real-time damping of relatively high frequency inputs by opening and closing a bypass channel (134) formed in the actuator (10). Relatively low frequency inputs are actively controlled as fluid passes to and from the pressurized source (19) of fluid. An outer body tube (16) includes a fluid-trapping chamber (182) to prevent leakage from the actuator (10).

Description: The present invention relates generally to an active suspension system for a vehicle. In particular, the present invention is concerned with an electrically-controlled hydraulic actuator used to mount a vehicle road wheel assembly as specified in the preamble of claim 1, for example as disclosed in US-A-4,828,229. Electrically-controlled hydraulic dampers (shock absorbers and struts) for vehicular suspension systems are well-known. Many controllable shock-absorbers utilise an electric solenoid or motor-driven member to select different damping characteristics. Various designs have been disclosed which provided real-time damping of a wheel assembly. Hydraulic actuators for active ride control are utilised to control the body attitude of a vehicle. In many systems, an electric controller sends fluid to or receives fluid from a pressurised actuator to resist compression and perform rebound. GB-A-2191263 describes a damper having an axial bore supplying pressurised fluid to an internal chamber from an external pressure source. The art continues to seek improvements. It is desirable to provide a hydraulic actuator for active control of body attitude simultaneously with real-time damping of a wheel assembly. A hydraulic actuator according to the present invention is characterised over US-A-4828229 by the features specified in the characterising portion of claim 1. The present invention includes a hydraulic actuator for an active ride suspension system. The actuator is designed for use with a pressurised fluid source, e.g., an accumulator, to control body attitude. Additionally, the present actuator includes a solenoid valve subassembly for providing real-time damping of inputs from a wheel assembly. Furthermore, this invention includes an outer enveloping design to prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid. The present design is suitable for use on passenger and commercial vehicles. In a preferred embodiment, the present actuator includes a piston and rod subassembly reciprocally mounted in a piston tube subassembly. A transfer tube is concentrically mounted in the rod and is in fluid communication with a pressurized source of fluid. A solenoid valve subassembly provides real-time damping of relatively high frequency inputs by opening and closing a bypass channel formed in the actuator. Relatively low frequency inputs are actively controlled as fluid passes to and from the pressurized source of fluid. An outer body tube includes a fluid-trapping chamber to prevent leakage from the actuator. The invention and how it may be performed are hereinafter particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figures 1A and 1B are a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a hydraulic actuator of the present invention mounted between a schematically-illustrated vehicle body and a partially-illustrated suspension control arm; and Figure 2 is an exploded elevational view of a piston and rod subassembly removed from the actuator of Figure 1 for purposes of clarity of illustration. A hydraulic actuator is indicated generally at 10 in Figures 1A and 1B. The actuator 10 is an assembly including a piston and rod subassembly 12, a piston tube subassembly 14, a body subassembly 16 and a solenoid valve subassembly 18. The actuator 10 is designed for use in a vehicular suspension system and is supplied with hydraulic fluid from a pressurized source, e.g., a hydraulic accumulator 19. The piston and rod subassembly 12, removed from the actuator 10 for purposes of clarity of illustration in FIG. 2, includes a hollow piston rod 20 having a damping piston 22 mounted to an externally-threaded neck 24 at the lower end of the piston rod 20. The damping piston 22 is a generally cylindrical member having a stepped central bore. A large diameter portion 26 (FIG. 1B) of the central bore includes internal threads for receiving the threaded neck 24 of the piston rod 20. An annular seat 28 is formed at the intersection of the large diameter portion 26 with an intermediate diameter portion 30 of the central bore. A lower end surface of the piston rod 20 rests on the seat 28 when the damping piston 22 is threaded to the piston rod 20. A central passage 32 in the neck 24 provides a fluid path between the interior of the hollow piston rod 20 and the intermediate diameter portion 30 of the central bore. A transfer port 34 is formed as a grooved slot on an outer circumference of the damping piston 22 terminating in a radial channel to provide a fluid path from the intermediate diameter portion 30 to an area surrounding the damping piston 22. A compression control channel 36 is formed in the damping piston 22 between the transfer port 34 and an upper end surface of the damping piston 22. An intake valve disc 38 and associated intake valve spring 40 are concentrically mounted about the neck 24 of the piston rod 20 and control fluid flow through the compression control channel 36 as described below. A rebound control channel 42 is formed in the damping piston 22 between an upper undercut 44 and a lower end surface of the damping piston 22. A plurality of deflectable discs 46 is seated on annular seats provided on the lower end surface of the damping piston 22. A retainer 48 and cap screw 50 secure the deflectable discs in place as the cap screw 50 is threaded into internal threads provided in a small diameter portion 52 of the stepped central bore of the damping piston 22. A sealing band 54 formed from low-friction material is provided around the outer circumference of the damping piston 22. The piston rod 20 extends upwardly from the damping piston 22 and terminates in a ball end 56 which is formed by any suitable means. A ball retainer 58 is concentrically mounted on the piston rod 20 and forms a ball and socket joint with the ball end 56. A generally cylindrical and hollow intermediate piston 60 is concentrically mounted about the piston rod 20 between the ball retainer 58 and the damping piston 22. A seal ring 62 formed from a low-friction material is received in an internal groove 64 provided in an inner surface of the intermediate piston 60 to provide a fluid seal between the piston rod 20 and the intermediate piston 60. A sealing band 66 formed from a low-friction material is provided around the upper portion of the outer circumference of the intermediate piston 60. The piston and rod subassembly 12 is reciprocally mounted in the piston tube assembly 14. The damping piston 22 is slidably mounted in a piston tube 68 of the piston tube assembly 14 and divides the interior of the piston tube 68 into an upper chamber 69 and a lower chamber 70. External threads 71 on the intermediate piston 60 mate with internal threads provided adjacent the upper end of the piston tube 68. A sealing ring 72 is provided between the intermediate piston 60 and the piston tube 68 to provide a fluid seal. The lower end of the piston tube 68 is closed by an end cap 74 threaded to internal threads 76 provided in the inner surface of the piston tube 68. A pair of sealing rings 78,80 are mounted between the piston tube 68 and the end cap 74 to provide a fluid seal. An end collar 82 is concentrically mounted on the piston tube 68 and retained by the end cap 74 to provide connection of the piston tube assembly 14 to a control arm 84 and a wheel assembly (not illustrated). The piston tube subassembly 14 containing the upwardly-projecting piston and rod subassembly 12 is reciprocally mounted in the body subassembly 16. The intermediate piston 60 is reciprocally mounted in an intermediate tube 86. The upper end of the intermediate tube 86 is press-fitted into an annular wall 88 of the ball retainer 58. Preferably, a washer 89 is concentrically mounted about the piston rod 20 and positioned between the intermediate tube 86 and the ball retainer 58. An annular fluid chamber 90 is formed in the interior volume of the intermediate tube 86 above the intermediate piston 60. Fluid passages 91 are provided in the ball retainer 58 which communicate with the chamber 90. The lower end of the intermediate tube 86 is press-fitted into an annular wall 92 of a rod guide 94 having an annular bearing 96 in contact with the outer circumference of the piston tube 68. Preferably, a washer 98 is concentrically mounted about the piston tube 68 and positioned between the intermediate tube 86 and the rod guide 94. The rod guide 94 is received in an annular seal retainer 100 concentrically mounted about the piston tube 68. A high-pressure elastomeric seal assembly 102 is provided between the rod guide 94 and the seal retainer 100. A low-pressure elastomeric seal assembly 104 is fitted between the seal retainer 100 and a seal cap 106. The seal cap 106 includes internal threads 108 which are mated to external threads 110 provided on the outer surface of a body tube 112. The upper end of the body tube 112 is secured to an upper end cap 114. A downwardly-projecting annular wall 116 in the upper end cap 114 forms a lower cavity for receiving the ball end 56 and the ball retainer 58. A sealing ring 118 is provided between the annular wall 116 and the ball retainer 58. A sealing ring 120 is fitted in an internal portion of the upper end cap 114 to provide a fluid seal against the ball end 56. A central bore 122 is provided in the upper end cap 114. A cylindrical valve cap 124 includes a downwardly-projecting neck 126 inserted into the central bore 122. A sealing ring 128 provides a fluid seal between the upper end cap 114 and the valve cap 124. A transfer tube 130 is inserted into the neck 126 and projects downwardly through the interior of the piston rod 20 as the piston and rod subassembly 12 is inserted into the body subassembly 16. An annular stop 132 is secured to the outer circumference of the lower end of the transfer tube 130 (Figure 1B). The stop 132 rests on a sealing ring 133 provided in the interior of the lower end of the piston rod 20. The interior surface of the piston rod 20 and the outer surface of the transfer tube 130 define an annular fluid bypass channel 134. A port 135 is provided near the lower end of the piston rod 20 to provide fluid communication between the upper chamber 69 and the bypass channel 134. A valving assembly 136 is provided in the valve cap 124 to control hydraulic fluid flow into and out of the actuator 10 as described below. The valving assembly 136 includes an orifice plate 138 having a centralized fluid passage 140 controlled by a blow-off disc valve 142. A helical valve spring 144 is seated at its lower end on the disc valve 142 and at its upper end on a bowl-shaped spring cage 146. The spring cage 146 is trapped between the valve cap 124 and a fluted retaining nut 148 threaded to the upper end cap 114. Fluid passages 149 are provided in the nut 148 for fluid flow described below. An intake disc valve 150 and intake valve spring 152 control fluid flow through intake passages 154 provided radially outwards of the centralized passage 140 in the orifice plate 138. A tenon 156 having a hollow neck 158 is threaded to the upper end cap 114. A sealing ring 159 is provided between the tenon 156 and the upper end cap 114. A mount assembly schematically illustrated at 160 in Figure 1A mounts the tenon 156 to a vehicle body 162. A nut 164 is threaded on the upper end of the neck 158 to secure the tenon 156 to the mount assembly 160. An adapter assembly 166 provides fluid communication between the neck 158 to a source of pressurized hydraulic fluid, such as the accumulator 19. The solenoid valve subassembly 18 is secured to and controls fluid flow through the upper end cap 114 as described below. The solenoid valve subassembly 18 is of conventional design and includes an inner end 168 having a fluid inlet (not illustrated) in communication with an annular fluid passage 170 formed between the transfer tube 130 and the upper end cap 114. Fluid outlets (not illustrated) are provided in an intermediate portion 172 of the valve subassembly 18 and are in communication with an outer annular fluid chamber 174 formed in the upper end cap 114. An internally-contained solenoid element (not illustrated) is activated by electric current supplied through a wire 176 to open and close a fluid path in the solenoid valve subassembly 18. A pair of sealing rings 178, 180 provide fluid seals at the valve subassembly 18. When the subassembly 18 is opened, fluid flows from fluid chamber 170 to fluid chamber 174. When closed, fluid does not travel through the valve subassembly 18. Operation of the valve subassembly 18 can be accomplished with an electric controller or a computer utilized with a suspension system. In other embodiments, the valve subassembly 18 can be continuously variable between closed and fully opened positions. In operation, fluid travels between an external pressurized accumulator 19 and the actuator 10. The actuator 10 can operate in two modes depending on whether the solenoid valve subassembly 18 is opened or closed. During compression, the piston tube subassembly 14 travels upwardly into the body subassembly 16. When the solenoid valve subassembly 18 is open, fluid from the lower chamber 70 travels through the compression control channel 36 and past the compression intake disk 38 into the upper chamber 69. Fluid passes through port 135 to the bypass channel 134 and the annular fluid chamber 170 in the upper end cap 134. Fluid travels through the valve subassembly 18 to the fluid chamber 174 and then through passages 149 in the fluted retaining nut 148 to reach the accumulator 19 through tenon 158 and the adapter assembly 166. When the solenoid valve subassembly 18 is closed during compression, fluid travels from the lower chamber 70 through the transfer port 34 to the interior passage in the transfer tube 130. Fluid unseats the blow-off disc valve 142 and returns to the accumulator 19 through the tenon 158 and adapter assembly 166. During rebound the actuator 10 expands. When the solenoid valve subassembly 18 is open, fluid travels from the upper chamber 69 through the transfer port 135 into the bypass channel 134, past the solenoid valve subassembly 18 and the fluted retaining nut 164 to the accumulator 19. Make-up fluid from the accumulator 19 travels past the intake disc valve 150 and the interior passage of the transfer tube 130 to reach the lower chamber 70 through the transfer port 34. When the solenoid valve subassembly 18 is closed during rebound, fluid flows from the upper chamber 69 through the rebound control channel 42 and past the deflectable discs 46 to reach the lower chamber 70. Make-up fluid travels from the accumulator 19 to the lower chamber 70 through the transfer tube as described above. The present actuator 10 includes a fluid-trapping chamber 182 (FIG. 1B) formed between intermediate tube 86 and the body tube 112. Any fluid seeping from the various seals in the actuator 10 is collected in chamber 182. A drain port 184 can accommodate a fluid return line (not illustrated) connected to the accumulator 19 or other fluid reservoir. When used with a controller, the present actuator 10 provides active suspension of a vehicular body capable of responding to relatively low frequency body motion. Concurrently, relatively high frequency wheel inputs are damped in real-time by the solenoid valve subassembly 18. Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail thereof without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims: A hydraulic actuator (10) for use with a pressurised fluid source (19) of a vehicle active suspension system, the actuator (10) comprising: a piston rod means (20) mounting at one end thereof a fluid-controlling piston (22); a tube means (68) reciprocally mounting the piston rod means (20) and piston (22) so that the piston (22) divides the interior of the tube means (68) into a first chamber (69) on the piston rod side of the piston and a second chamber (70); a fluid transfer means (130) concentrically mounted in the piston rod means (20) and providing fluid communication between the pressurised fluid source (19) and the second chamber (70) of the tube means; a valve means (136) for controlling fluid flow in the fluid transfer means (130) to and from the pressurised fluid source (19); characterised in that piston valving means (38, 40, 46) are provided for controlling fluid flow between the first and second chambers (69, 70) as the piston (22) reciprocates; the actuator (10) includes a bypass channel means (134) providing fluid communication between the pressurised fluid source (19) and the first chamber of the tube means (68); and an end cap (114), receiving the piston rod means, mounting a solenoid valve (18) for controlling fluid flow in the bypass channel means. A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 1, in which the actuator (10) includes an enclosure means (16,182) to contain the actuator (10) and to collect any fluid seeping therefrom. A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 2, in which the actuator (10) includes drain means (184) for removing fluid from the enclosure means (16,182). A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 1, in which the actuator (10) includes mounting means (156,164) for mounting the actuator (10) to a vehicular body (162). A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 2, in which the piston rod means (20) includes a hollow rod (20) terminating at an end opposite to the piston (22) in a ball (56); and a ball retainer (58) is concentrically mounted on the piston rod means (20) to form a ball and socket joint at the intersection of the piston rod means (20) and the enclosure means (16,182). A hydraulic actuator (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the transfer means includes a hollow transfer tube (130) mounted in the piston rod means (20). A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 1, in which the piston rod means comprises a hollow piston rod (20) connected at its lower end to the fluid-controlling piston (22) and terminating at its upper end in a ball (56); the transfer means comprises a transfer tube (130) concentrically mounted in the piston rod (20) and extending past the ball (56); the hydraulic actuator further comprising a sealing means (74) for sealing a lower end of the tube means (68); a mounting means (82) for mounting the actuator (10) to a wheel assembly (84); a second piston (60) concentrically and slidably mounted about the piston rod (20) and connected to an upper end of the tube means (68) to seal the first chamber (69); an intermediate tube (86) in which the second piston (60) is slidably mounted; seal means (100, 102, 104) for hydraulically sealing a lower end of the intermediate tube (86); and a mounting means (156) for connecting the end cap (114) to a vehicular body (162) and providing fluid communication between the actuator (10) and the pressurised fluid source (19); wherein the end cap (114) closes an upper end of the intermediate tube (86) and wherein the bypass channel means includes a central bore (122) formed in the end cap (114) which provides fluid communication between the pressurised fluid source (19) and the first chamber (69) of the tube means (68). A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 7, in which the actuator (10) includes an enclosure means (16,182) to contain the actuator (10) and to collect any fluid seeping therefrom. A hydraulic actuator (10) according to claim 8, in which the actuator (10) includes drain means (184) for removing fluid from the enclosure means (16,182).

Inventors: KRUCKEMEYER WILLIAM CHARLES, LOPEZ JR JAMES LOUIS, OLIVER MICHAEL LESLIE, KRUCKEMEYER, WILLIAM CHARLES, LOPEZ JR., JAMES LOUIS, OLIVER, MICHAEL LESLIE
Applicants: GEN MOTORS CORP, GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B60G17
IPC codes: B60G17, F16F9