Recovery of abrasive grit with a nitric acid-containing medium.

Abstract: A process such as a leaching, etching or pickling process which uses an aqueous acidic medium containing nitric acid is improved by carrying out the process in the presence of an oxidising atmosphere in a closed container.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a process which uses an acidic medium containing nitric acid. There are many processes which use acidic mediums containing nitric acid, i.e. nitrate containing acids. Such processes are, for example, leaching, etching and pickling. Acidic effluents are produced by such processes and these effluents have to be neutralised. This requires the use of substantial quantities of alkali. Also, the consumption of nitric acid is high. A further problem with these processes is the emission of nitrogen oxide gases which give rise to environmental problems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is as set forth in Claim 1. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS The essential feature of the process of the invention is that it is carried out in a suitable oxidising atmosphere in a closed container. This has the effect of oxidising nitrogen oxide gases, particularly nitrous oxide, produced by the process. Nitrous oxide is oxidised to nitric oxide which dissolves in the water of the acidic medium. In this manner nitric acid is regenerated. Thus, the consumption of nitric acid is substantially reduced. Further, the necessity to neutralise the effluent is also substantially reduced. The chemical reactions which take place are: NO + ½ O₂ → NO₂ NO + NO₂ + H₂O 2H⁺ + 2NO₂⁻ 3HNO 2(aq) HNO₃ + H₂O + 2NO The container in which the reaction takes place is closed in the sense that it is closed or sealed to atmosphere. Such containers, e.g. pressure cylinders are well known in the art and any such container may be used. During the process gases are produced and so the pressure within the container will tend to rise to an equilibrium state which is above atmospheric pressure. Generally, the oxidising atmosphere will have an oxygen content of at least 40 percent by volume. The source of the oxygen may be oxygen in gaseous form or a material such as a peroxide which will release oxygen. The oxidising atmosphere will typically be oxygen-enriched air or oxygen. The process will generally be carried out on a batch basis although it can also be carried out on a continuous basis. The acidic medium will preferably be, or contain, a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids. The source of the nitric acid may be nitric acid itself or a suitable nitrate such as sodium nitrate. In this latter case, sodium nitrate may be mixed with concentrated sulphuric acid and then diluted, if desired, with water. A process, as described above, was used to recover diamond grit from a reaction capsule in which the metal body was cobalt. This process was compared with a conventional recovery process carried out in a vessel open to atmosphere and the results obtained are set out below. The advantages of the process of the invention over that of the prior art can be seen from the above table. First, the consumption of nitric acid is substantially reduced. Second, the total liquid effluent is reduced resulting in less consumption of neutralising alkali. Third, the nitric fume emission is substantially reduced improving the environmental friendliness of the leaching process. Finally, the recovery of the diamond grit by the process of the invention was as good as that obtained with the prior art method. The process described above was repeated using 0,3 bar oxygen pressure. The dissolution of the metal took somewhat longer, but the remaining advantages over the prior art process were the same.

Claims: A process of recovering abrasive grit from a reaction capsule containing the grit dispersed in a metal body, including the steps of crushing the capsule and the metal body, mixing the crushed mass with a nitrate or an acidic medium containing nitric acid, charging a container with the mixture, agitating the mixture, adding an acid other than nitric acid to the container, replacing the gas in the container with an oxidising atmosphere, adding water to the mixture in the container, sealing the container to atmosphere, pressurising the container to a pressure above atmospheric with an oxidising atmosphere, allowing the acidic medium to dissolve the metal in the container and release the abrasive grit, bringing the contents of the container to ambient pressure, removing liquid from the container and recovering the abrasive grit. A process according to Claim 1 wherein the oxidising atmosphere has an oxygen content of at least 40 percent by volume. A process according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the oxidising atmosphere is oxygen-enriched air or oxygen. A process according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the acidic medium contains a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids. A process according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the other acid is sulphuric acid.

Inventors: KARLSSON BENGT ALLAN, SCHLIMMER JOANNE FREDRICA, KARLSSON, BENGT ALLAN, SCHLIMMER, JOANNE FREDRICA
Applicants: DE BEERS IND DIAMOND, DE BEERS INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND DIVISION (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED
Application year: 1992
Main classification: C23F1
IPC codes: C01B21, B01J3, C23F1, C23G1, C22B3