NEW NONSILVER X-RAY RECORDING PROCESS

Abstract: An X-ray sensitive composition including one or several photopolymerizable monomer or photocrosslinkable polymer systems and thermochromic substances which can be used in a dry X-ray reproduction process. The process is based on the different dielectric constants and dielectric losses exhibited by a monomer and the corresponding polymer or a polymer and the crosslinked polymer and the reaction of certain thermochromic substances which exhibits a specific threshold temperature above which these substances change from a colorless form to a color stable form. The X-ray sensitive element (5) is exposed according to a pattern of X-ray with spatial modulation providing an X-ray image (2) to form a latent image of polymerized or crosslinked zones and unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones. Exposed elements (8) are developed by passing through a high frequency electrical field which raises the temperature of the polymerized or crosslinked zones by dielectric heating to above the color threshold temperature of the thermochromic substance. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Description: DESCRIPTION NEW NONSI VER X-RAY RECORDING PROCESS 5 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The invention relates to an X-Ray composition and an 10 X-Ray sensitive element useful in a novel X-Ray recording process. AN apparatus particularly suited to practicing the X-Ray recording process is also disclosed. Description of Related Art 15 Most X-Ray recording processes that allow production of a permanent recording are based on photochemical reactions and require use of liquid chemical agents to develop and fix the image. This is the case in 20 conventional silver-based processes in which silver halide is used as the X-Ray sensitive compound. Storage, handling and disposal of the required solutions entail safety precautions because of possible toxicity to humans and to the environment. 25 Other disadvantages are associated with liquid developers and fixers. As with any liquid, attention must be paid to containers, the need to be renewed at regular time intervals and, above all, protection of the 30 immediate environment from spills and subsequent exposure. There are X-Ray recording processes that do not use silver, namely processes that are based on xerography. br 35 However, these processes are considerably less sensitive than silver halide. Bulky equipment is required for develop ent and the toners used may contain selenium and are quite toxic. A nonsilver X-Ray recording process is described in U.S. Patent 4,394,439. The process is based on the generation of free radicals resulting from photodegradation of certain polymeric materials exposed to X-Rays and a dye forming reaction initiated by the free radicals. Disadvantages of this process are low sensitivity and the requirement for chemical fixing. U.S. Patent No. 4,699,872 also relates to a nonsilver recording process. This process is based on the sensitivity of choline chloride to high energy radiations, including X-Rays. Products of the. photodissociation of choline chloride generate a dye which is responsible of the image. An undesirable feature of this process is the unpleasant odor generated during heat development of the image. An even more serious disadvantage is the lack of emulsion stability. It can be seen that most of the existing processes for the recording of X-Ray images suffer from some disadvantage. Some of these are overcome by using nonconventional processes that do not employ silver solutions; however many nonsilver processes have low sensitivity, instability or unacceptable odor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention addresses one or more of the foregoing problems or deficiencies of currently practiced X-Ray recording processes by providing a process that does not require the use of liquid developers or fixers while providing sensitivity comparable to that of silver halide. The disclosed process is insensitive to normal ambient visible light. Generally, the process of the present invention employs an X-Ray activated photopolymerization reaction which under a high frequency field will result in a thermal gradient able to build a visible image by the transformation of thermosensitive dyes. The present invention provides a process for forming a negative recording of an X-Ray image. This process takes advantage of different dielectric constants and losses exhibited by photocrosslinked polymers and non- crosslinked polymers. Selected thermochromic materials will exhibit a specific threshold temperature above which there is a change form a colorless form to a colored stable form. According to the process of the present invention, an X-Ray sensitive element comprised of a polymerizable monomer or a photocrosslinkable polymer system and a thermochromic substance is distributed onto one or tow layers carried on a suitable substrate. The element is exposed to an A-Ray image thereby forming a latent image of polymerized or crosslinked zones and unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones. The exposed X-Ray sensitive element is then developed by passing it through a high frequency electric field. The temperature of the polymerized or crosslinked zones is raised by dielectric heating to above the coloration threshold temperature of the thermochromic substances causing a change forma colorless or substantially colorless form to a stable, colored form. Another aspect of the invention is an X-Ray sensitive composition which includes a polymerizable monomer system or a photocrosslinkable polymer system and a thermochromic substance. At a specific temperature (hereafter referred to as threshold temperature, T c ) the thermochromic substance undergoes a transformation from a colorless or only weakly colored, stable form. There is also provided, according to the present invention, an X-Ray sensitive element which can be used in the recording process of the present invention. The element includes a coating of the herein described X-Ray sensitive composition on a suitable substrate. The X-Ray sensitive composition may be applied to the substrate as a single first layer of either polymerizable monomers or a photocrosslinkable polymer system and a second layer of thermochromic substance. The present invention also provides a novel system for performing the foregoing X-Ray recording process. According to the present invention an apparatus is provided which includes an X-Ray exposure means for exposing the X-Ray sensitive element to an X-Ray source; and a means for applying a high frequency electric field to the exposed X-Ray sensitive element. The X-Ray exposure means may be any conventional X- Ray device used for industrial, medical or dental purpose and would typically include an X-Ray source, a high voltage supply, a timer and several filters. Typical suitable models are Hewlett Packard Faxitron Model 43855A, Gendex GX770, or General Electric GE 1000 available respectively from, hewlett Packard Co., 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, California 94304, Gendex Corporation, box 21004, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53221, and General Electric Co., P.O. Box 414, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201. A high frequency electric field is applied across two electrodes, for example, silver coated brass electrodes, through which the exposed film containing the latent image of polymer and monomer of different dielectric constant passes for a time sufficient to heat only the polymerized or crosslinked zones to a temperature above the color threshold (T c ) of the thermochromic substance contained therein. The electrodes are connected to a suitable generator which generates the high frequency electric field of adjustable intensity. The generator is controlled by a regulator and power source, according to systems available and well known in the art. For frequency in the gigahertz range (10 9 Hertz) the high frequency electric field may be guided through a waveguide structure and applied through special applicator structures shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the process and apparatus of the invention where 1 is the object to be X- Rayed, 2 is the X-Ray image, 5 is the unexposed recording element, 7 is the receiving tray for the exposed recording element 8; 9 and 10 are electrodes disposed opposite each other on either side of e exposed element 8, 11 is a generator, 12 is a regulator and 13 a power source. Figure 2 illustrates the amplification mechanism operative in producing HF heating from increases in e and tantf. Figure 3 is a periodic structure applicator consisting of a parallel plate 60 loaded with inductive posts 62 and exposed, moving film 50. Figure 4 shows a microwave setup with a conveyor belt 64 and an X-Ray sensitive element 50 that moves inside a cavity 66. Figure 5 shows an applicator 68 as part of a waveguide. Exposed X-Ray sensitive film 50 moves through a slot in 68. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in greater detail in connection with the assistance of accompanying Figure 1 which is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of the X-Ray recording system used in carrying out the process of the present invention. Dielectric heating is a term applied to the generation of heat in nonconducting materials subjected to an alternating electric field of high frequency. In practice the nonconducting load is placed between two electrodes across which the high frequency voltages is applied. The amount of heat, Q, produced per second when a dielectric layer is subjected to high frequency electric field, because of dielectric losses, is given by the known formula: Q=5 .91Sf—4 εtanδlO-" (1) where: S: Surface of the layer in m 2 f: Frequency of the electric field in cycle/sec E: Voltage at the electrode terminals, in volts e: Dielectric constant of the material of the layer tanS: Loss Angle (power factor) This amount of heat Q results in an increase of temperature of the layer given by the formula (Brown et al . f 1947; Cable, 1947): --T ~ Q ° mtc (2) where: T: temperature of the layer after heating, in °C T 0 : ambient temperature in °C : mass of material in the layer, in g c: specific heat of the material in cal/g t: time of exposure to the field in sec The present invention takes advantage of large differences in the dielectric constant and dielectric losses of a polymerizable monomer or a photocrosslinkable polymer and the corresponding polymer or crosslinked polymer in order to differentially heat a latent image containing polymer or crosslinked polymer in exposed regions and monomer or non crosslinked polymer in the unexposed regions. The polymer or crosslinked polymer is heated to a temperature above the color threshold temperature of a thermochromic substance present in the X-Ray sensitive element to thereby develop a latent image. It can be seen from formula (10 and formula (2) that if the difference Δe in the dielectric constant e 1 of the polymer or crosslinked polymer and the dielectric constant e 2 of the monomer or photocrosslinkable polymer where e " e ι ^ s sufficiently great, it becomes possible to heat the exposed polymerized or crosslinked zones to a higher temperature than the unpolymerized or uncrosslinked, unexposed zones upon proper selection of parameters, e.g., frequency, time, X-Ray exposure, etc. Accordingly, a temperature gradient is readily created between the polymerized or crosslinked zones and the unpolymerized or noncrosslinked zones such that coloration of the thermochromic substance will be produced in polymerized or crosslinked zones but not in unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones. One important feature of the process is that the mechanism involved in the image formation provides physical amplification, shown schematically in Figure 2, which can be explained as follows. In each layer e and tan5 are also function of the temperature. The HF heating resulting from variation of these parameters causes the same parameters to increase and thereby provide additional heating which in turn results in a new increase of e and δ , Figure 2. This feedback mechanism is responsible for a multiplication process which globally results in amplification. The amplification is dependent upon the dynamics of the system as a thermal equilibrium tends to establish over the heated portion of the substrate and the accumulation of incremental heat overcomes the heat lost by conduction. This behavior leads to an optimum speed, v, of development of the image which affects both the sensitivity of the process and the contrast of the image. Within the scope of the invention any X-Ray sensitive polymerizable or photocrosslinkable system may be used, whether based on a process of homopolymerization, copolymerization or crosslinking, such that the difference Δe between the dielectric constant e x of the polymerized or crosslinked zones and e 2 of the unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones, will be sufficient to allow heating of the polymerized or crosslinked zones which is substantially greater than that of the unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones when a high frequency electric field is applied to the X-Ray sensitive element, which has bene previously exposed according to an X-Ray image. It is only necessary that the polymerized or crosslinked zones be brought by the dielectric heating to a temperature T 1 which is higher than the threshold temperature T c of the thermochromic substance in the X-Ray sensitive element, while the unpolymerized or noncrosslinked zones remains at a temperature T 2 which is below the temperature T c . Satisfactory results are obtained when Δe>0.2e. All known photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable systems will provide a Δe meeting the requirement for sufficient differential dielectric heating, i.e., T x > T c in exposed polymerized or crosslinked areas and T > T c in unexposed unpolymerized or non crosslinked areas, if complete polymerization or crosslinking is obtained. Of course, for some polymerizable or crosslinkable systems and thermochromic substances, it may not be necessary to have complete polymerization or crosslinking in the exposed area, but for best results the exposure conditions will be sufficient to provide substantially total or total polymerization or crosslinking of the exposed areas. Some examples of the polymerizable systems which can be used in the present invention include the following well known polymerizable monomers: acrylic monomers, vinyl monomers, styrene resins, ethylene oxide, diacrylic monomer of polyethylene glycol, N-vinylcarbazole, methacrylamide, acrylate of barium sodium and lead, vinyl acetate, vinylsorbate, vinylacetal ester, cellulose acetate and cellulose hydrogen phthalate, cellulose alkyl ester, polyethane alkylene ether glycol, hexa ethylene adipa ide, β-diethyl aminoethylmethacrylate, chlorophene, and the like. Typically, the polymerizable monomer system employs an ethylene type monomer and a photopolymerization initiator or catalyst, either singly or in combination with one or more similar monomers or initiators. Preferred polymerizable monomers are often liquid at room temperature and may be dispersed in a suitable binder. Examples of suitable binders include both thermoplastic and thermosetting substances such as polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethylcellulose, styrene butadiene copolymer, gelatin, phenolic resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, casein, carboxy ethylcellulose, and so forth. Any of the well known photoinitiators or polymerization catalysts may be used in the X-Ray sensitive compositions of the present invention. Where high polymerization rates are not critical or where the reaction conditions and X-Ray sensitive compositions are such that high polymerization rates are obtained in the absence of a catalyst or photoinitiator, these components may be excluded form the compositions. Examples of free radical generating addition polymerization initiators activation by X-Rays are found among certain organometallic compounds. The rate of generation of radicals depends upon absorption of X-Rays by the metal ions in the compounds and will therefore be optimum for heavy metal ions. Examples include: uranium acetate, hexaphenyldisilane, hexa (p-biphenyl) disilane, 1,2-diethyltetramethyldisilane, ethylpentamethyl disilane, bis(trimethylsilyl) mercury, thioxanthene-9- sulfoxide, 4,4,6-trimethyl-2-vinyl-l,3,2-dioxaborinane , trimethyltinchloride-N-tributylstannylsuccinimide and the like. The amount of initiator and/or polymerization catalyst in the X-Ray sensitive composition will vary widely depending on the type of reactive monomer, reaction condition, and so forth and are readily determined by a person skilled in the art. In general the initiator and/or catalyst preferably ranges form 0 to about 0.6% of the monomer. Other additives conventionally used in photosensitive compositions may also be used in the composition of the present invention. Such additives typically include polymerization retarders or inhibitors, electron donors, surfactants, plasticizers and the like. A preferred example of a polymerization inhibitor is sodium p-nitrophenylacetate. These additives,, when present in the X-Ray sensitive composition, are generally present in about the same amount as the polymerization catalyst. Anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants may be used in the present invention. Similarly, no particular restrictions are placed on the types of plasticizer or other additives such as humectant, filler pigments and so forth which may be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. Crosslinkable systems applicable to the present invention include well known X-Ray resists such as poly(allyl methacrylate-co-2 hydroxyethylmethacrylate), the poly(butene-1-sulfone) , poly(2,3-dichloro-l- propylacrylate) , poly(2-fluoroethyl methacrylate) , poly(2,2,2 tri-fluoroethyl methacrylate), poly(hexafluorobutylmethacrylate) , poly(chloromethylstyrene) , poly(methylmethacrylate) , polymethacrylonitrile, poly(viny1-2-furfurylacrylate) , poly(vinylcinnamilidene acetate) , and the like. Any thermochrome composition which has a distinct color threshold temperature may be used with preference in the present invention. As non limiting examples there may be mentioned mixtures of indolinic spiropyrans and phenols such as those described in U.S. patent No. 3,451,338; mixtures of indolinic spiropyrans and certain metallic salts of fatty acids such as those described in Swiss Patent 406,257; mixtures of phenols or metallic salts of fatty acids with benzothiazol spiropyran instead of indoline spiropyran, as described in French Patent 7,237,857; mixtures of carbazide and ferric salt, or urea and a lead salt, zinc thiocarbamate and a fatty acid salt, a metallic salt and hexamethylene tetramine, a thioamide derivative and a lead salt, thiosemicarbazide and a ferric salt, thiourea with a heavy metal salt, a hydrazide derivative and a ferric salt, and in numerous other examples (Day, 1963; Kosar, 1965). The X-Ray sensitive element will typically include a polymerizable or crosslinkable composition and a thermochromic substance in one or two layers supported on any suitable substrate which presents a flat surface that is sufficiently insulating. In this regard it will be readily understood that during the passage of the exposed X-Ray sensitive element through a high frequency electric field, the substrate will undergo uniform heating below the polymerized or crosslinked zones as well as below the unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones. The substrate therefore will contribute to the dielectric heating that produces the coloration of the thermochromic substance in the polymerized or crosslinked zones. Such contribution is advantageous in that the time required to reach the threshold temperature, T c , will be correspondingly lowered. However, care must be taken to avoid having the heating from the substrate plus heating from the unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones of the exposed film being sufficient to raise the temperature of the unpolymerized or non crosslinked zones above T c . This is most easily accomplished by controlling the duration of heating, i.e., the duration of exposure of the exposed film to the high frequency electric field; for example, by carefully selecting the rate of passage of the exposed film between the electrodes that apply the high frequency electric field. Any conventionally used substrate for photographic composition may be used in the present invention, e.g., any natural or synthetic materials which can exist in film or sheet form. Suitable support materials for the substrate or base include, for example, paper (including opaque, transparent, waxed, and so forth) , cellulosic esters, foil, plastics, and the like. The substrate should be flexible and preferably capable of being wound on a spool. The substrate can be transparent or non transparent. Plastic materials, particularly polyesters, are preferred substrate materials since their dielectric content does not vary as much as other materials as a function of take-up moisture. The X-Ray sensitive composition of the polymerizable or crosslinkable composition and the thermochrome may be coated on the substrate in a single layer. Alternatively, two separate superposed layers may be used with the polymerizable or crosslinkable system in one and the thermochromic substance in the other. Any conventional coating means, such as a coating knife, a blade, Meyer bar, calenders, and so forth may be employed. When a single layer is employed the composition containing both the polymerizable monomer or crosslinkable polymer and thermochromic substances will preferably be applied to the substrate at a rate of about 2g/m 2 to 20g/m 2 to provide a dry coating containing about 60% of polymerizable monomer or crosslinkable polymer and 40% of thermochromic composition. Where separate layers of polymerizable or crosslinkable composition and thermochromic composition are applied to the substrate, the former will preferably be applied first at a rate of about 1.2 g/m 2 to 18 g/m 2 and, after drying, the second layer containing the thermochromic substance will be applied at a rate of about 0.8 g/m 2 to about 10 g/m 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The accompanying figures and diagrams illustrate the process and apparatus of the present invention. In Figure 1, 1 represents the object to be X-Rayed, 2 is the X-Ray image, 5 is the unexposed recording element according to the invention and 7 is the receiving tray for the exposed recording element 8; 9 and 10 are electrodes disposed opposite each other on either side of exposed element 8, serving to apply thereto a high frequency electric field furnished by generator 11, controlled by regulator 12 and supplied by power source 13. The power supply remains on, but the high frequency is only connected during the development period. Figures 3-5 show various alternatives of applicators for practicing the present invention with electric field in the gigahertz range. Figure 3 illustrates a periodic structure applicator developed by Van Koughnett (1975) , consisting of a parallel plate 60 loaded with inductive posts 62 all along its length. Waves propagate in different directions within the posts 62, setting up a standing wave field which can be strongly coupled to the exposed, moving film (X-Ray sensitive element 50) . The apparatus shown in Figure 4 is very similar to domestic icrowave ovens. A conveyor belt 64, containing the X- Ray sensitive element 50, moves inside a large cavity 66 in a standing wave field. Figure 5 shows an applicator 68 as part of a wave guide. The exposed X-Ray sensitive film 50 moves through a slot in the guide 68 which is operating near cutoff conditions (Curran, 1966) . In accordance with process of the present invention, good quality images may be obtained using high frequency generators having an effective output power from 2 to 15 watts. The rate of passage of the exposed film between the electrodes should be on the order of about 10 to 1000 cm per second depending on the coloration threshold temperature, polymerizable system, and so forth. The preferred rate of passage is about 50 cm per second. Appropriate frequencies are generally from about 10 to 100 megacycles per second. Particularly good results are obtained with a frequency of about 60 megacycles and a rate of passage of about 50 cm per sec. These values were used with the X-Ray sensitive elements described in the following examples to provide good contrast images with appropriate color. In these examples the order of magnitude of the parameters involved in formula (1) were as follows: Of course the values of these parameters are merely indicative and will vary considerably from one composition to another; appropriate selection of these parameters is readily obtained by simply experimentation. The X-Ray source for the exposure of the photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable system may be any suitable source of X-Rays including the sources commonly used for industrial, medical or dental application. The X-Ray source will generally be from 25 cm to 1 meter from the X-Rays sensitive element and the exposure times will vary from 0.01 to 10 second, depending on the intensity of the X-Rays, the thickness of the object to be X-Rayed and the degree of polymerization or crosslinking required for optimum imaging. It is further apparent that by careful regulation of the difference between the temperature of the polymerized or crosslinked zones and threshold temperature T c , it is possible to control contrast and density of the images. The following examples are intended to illustrate the practice of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. Although the invention is demonstrated with an X-Ray imaging method, similar principles would apply to imaging methods with other radiation. One need only determine that for any polymerizable material selected, polymerization would be sensitive to the wavelength employed to obtain the base image. Likewise, numerous heat sensitive chromophobic materials could be selected based on the color of background desired or on relative heat sensitivity to color formation. Examples 1-6 illustrate various preparations of photopolymerizable X-Ray sensitive emulsions. Example 7 illustrates a process for producing negative X-Ray images. EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates the preparation of photopolymerizable X-Ray sensitive emulsion in two layers providing a dark blue image and having a threshold temperature T c = 120°C. A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) was first coated with a 12g/m 2 emulsion of the following composition, at pH = 6.7: Acrylamide 4.8 mole N,N-methylene bisacrylamide 0.35 mole Lead diacrylate 0.46 mole Uranyl nitrate 0.03 mole Water 100 g The polyester was allowed to dry and coated with a second layer (4.5 g/m 2 ) of the following composition: 6'chloro 8 , methoxybenzoindolino spiropyran 15 g 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol 65 g Calcium stearate 5 g Polyvinyl alcohol 15 g Water 100 g EXAMPLE 2 This example illustrates preparation of a photopolymerizable X-Ray sensitive emulsion providing a brown image with T c ~ 100°C. A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) was first coated with a 12g/m 2 emulsion of the following composition: Barium lead acrylate (3:1) 2.1 mole Acrylamide 2.6 mole Hexaphenyldisilane 0.03 mole Sodium paranitrophenyl acetate 0.017 mole Maprenal (Hoegst) 30 g Water 100 cc This layer was first dried and then coated with a second 4.5g/m 2 layer of the following composition: Silver behenate 350 mg Calcium stearate 300 mg Spiro[methyl-2-naphtho-3H-(2,lb)-pyran -3,2'-methyl-3'-benzothiazoline] 200 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10% sol) 2.3 g Surfactant (Armac) 3.5 g Alcohol 2.25 g EXAMPLE 3 This example illustrates the preparation of a photopolymerizable X-Ray sensitive emulsion with two layers, leading a dark-blue image with a T c = 120°C. A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) was first coated with a 12g/m 2 layer of: Barium lead acrylate 1.6 mole Acrylamide 1.6 mole Bis (tri ethylsilyl) mercury 0.01 mole Water 100 g Gelatin (2.6% by weight of the binder) This layer was dried and coated with a second (4.5 g/m 2 ) layer having the following composition: Calcium resinate 550 g Cobalt naphthenate 100 g Spiro[methyl-2-naphtho-3H-(2,lb)-pyran -3,2'-methyl-3'-benzothiazoline] 330 g This example illustrates the preparation of a photocrosslinkable X-Ray sensitive emulsion in two layers, providing a black image with a T c of 180°C. A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) was coated with a 0.5 microns thick layer of poly (fluoromethacrylate) . After drying, a second coating was made with the following composition (4.5 g/m 2 ): Bismuth oxychloride 26.1 g Tin tartrate 13.0 g Semicrabazide 20 g Diphenylamine 20 g Di-isoproplyamine 10 g Pliolite (Goodyear) 2 g Toluene 20 g EXAMPLE 5 This example illustrates the preparation of a photocrosslinkable X-Ray sensitive emulsion in two layers, providing a black-blue image with a T c of 120°C. A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) was coated with a 2 micron thick layer of poly (vinyl-2-furylacrylate) . After drying, a second coating was made with the following composition (4.5 g/m 2 ): Calcium resinate 55 g Cobalt naphthenate 10 g Spiro[methyl-2-naphtho-3H-(2,lb) -pyran-3,2'-methyl-3'-benzothiazoline] 33 g Polyvinyl alcohol (hydrolyzed 88%) 221 g Surfactant (Ar ac 180) 8.5 g Water 225 g EXAMPLE 6 This example illustrates the preparation of a photocrosslinkable X-Ray sensitive emulsion in two layers, providing a dark blue image with a T c of 120°C. A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) is coated with a 10 microns thick layer of poly (vinylcinnamilidene acetate) . After drying, a second coating was made with the following composition: 6'-chloro-8'-methoxybenzoindoino spiropyran 15 g 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol 65 g Calcium stearate 5 g Hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (98%) 15 g Water 100 g EXAMPLE 7 Process for Negative Recording of an X-Rav Image This example illustrates a process for forming a negative recording of an X-Ray image. Different dielectric constants and heat losses exhibited by a monomer and its corresponding polymer results in selective reaction of an overlying layer of thermochromic material on a substrate. X-Ray sensitive film is prepared then exposed under the conditions described. Preparation of X-Rav Sensitive Film A polyester sheet (40 g/m 2 ) was first coated with a 12 g/m 2 emulsion of the following composition at pH 6.3. Barium lead acrylate (3:1) 2.1 mole Acrylamide 2.6 mole Uranium Acetate 0.03 mole Sodium paranitrophenyl acetate 0.017 mole Maprenal (Hoegst) 30 g Water 10 cc This layer was dried and then coated with a second 4.5 g/m 2 layer of the following composition: Calcium resinate Cobalt naphthenate Spiro[methyl-3-naphtho-3H-(2,lb)- pyran-3,2-methoxy-6 , methyl-3- benzothiazoline Polyvinylalcohol Surfactant (Armac 180) Exposure of the X-Rav Sensitive Film The X-Ray sensitive film was exposed to an X-Ray image under the following conditions: X-Ray Tube: Beryllium Window 25 mil Voltage 100 Kv Current 6 mA Exposure Time 0.5 sec Development Power 18 watts Development Speed 6 cm/sec Microwave frequency 2.450 MHz Immediately after exposure and development a dark blue image with optical density 2.1 was permanently recorded on the film. ******************** REFERENCES The references listed below are incorporated herein by reference to the extent that they supplement, explain, provide a background for or teach methodology, techniques and/or compositions employed herein. 1. Brown, G.H., Hoyler, C.N. and Bierwirth, R.A. "Theory and Application of Radiofrequency Heating", 1947 2. Cable, J.W. , "Induction and Dielectric Heating", 1947 3. Curran, Symposium of Electrical Power and Chemical Engineering, 1966 4. Day, J.H., Chem. Rev.63. 65 (1963). 5. French Patent 72 37 857 6. Kosar, J. , "Light Sensitive Systems", Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 404-414 (1965). 7. Swiss Patent 406257 8. U.S. Patent No. 4,394,439, July 19, 1983. 9. U.S. Patent No. 4,699,872, October 13, 1987 10. U.S. Patent No. 3,451,338 11. Van Koughnett, J. Microwave Power, 1975

Claims: CLAIMS : 1. A process for recording a negative X-Ray image, comprising the steps: a. providing an X-Ray sensitive element having an X- Ray sensitive composition comprising a photopolymerizable substance and a thermochromic substance having a threshold temperature above which a color change is detectable; b. exposing said X-Ray sensitive element to X- radiation wherein an object having X-Ray transparent areas and non transparent areas is positioned between an X-Ray source and said element thereby causing polymerization of the photopolymerizable substance only on those areas corresponding to the transparent areas of said object; and c. passing said exposed X-Ray sensitive element through a high frequency electric field to selectively heat polymerized areas to a temperature above the threshold temperature of the thermochromic substance wherein said thermochromic substance changes from a colorless or weakly colored form to a colored stable form. 2. The X-Ray recording process of claim 1 wherein the X-Ray sensitive substance comprises a photocrosslinkable system dispersed in a binder and a thermochromic substance. 3. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein selective heat generation produced by absorption of a high frequency electric field into the exposed X-Ray sensitive composition involves an amplification due to variation of a dielectric loss factor of the dielectric with the temperature. 4. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 3 wherein the high frequency electric field has a frequency between about 30 and about 100 Megahertz per second. 5. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 wherein the high frequency electric field has a frequency between about 1 and about 10 Gigahertz per second. 6. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 wherein the photopolymerizable system comprises lead acrylate or barium acrylate. 7. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the photopolymerizable system includes acrylamide and N,N'- methylene bisacrylamide. 8. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the photopolymerizable system comprises uranium nitrate. 9. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the photopolymerizable system comprises polyvinyl 2- furylacrylate. 10. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the photocrosslinkable system comprises poly(vinylcinnamylidene acetate) . 11. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the photocrosslinkable system comprises poly(chloromethylstryene) . 12. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the thermochromic substance comprises spiro[methyl-3-naphtho-3H-(2,lb)-pyran-3-2'methyl-3- benzothiazoline and cobalt naphthenate. 13. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 herein the thermochromic substance includes 6'- chloro-8 , -methoxybenzoindolino spiropyran and 4,4'- isopropylidene diphenol. 14. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the photopolymerizable substance is formed on a layer having a weight between about 4 and about 12 g/m 2 . 15. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 14 wherein said layer is between about 0.5 microns and 5 microns thick. 16. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 wherein the thermochromic substance is contained in a layer having a weight between about 4 and about 20 g/m 2 . 17. The X-Ray recording process according to claim 1 wherein the threshold temperature is between about 120°C and about 180°C, 18. A dual layer photopolymerizable X-Ray sensitive emulsion comprising a first layer having a photopolymerizable monomer dispersed in a binder and a second layer having a thermochromic substance wherein the thermochromic substance becomes colored when a polymerized monomer is exposed to a high frequency electric field. 19. An apparatus for obtaining a dry X-Ray reproduction comprising the X-Ray sensitive emulsion of claim 18 in accordance with Figure 1.

Inventors: ROBILLARD JEAN J
Applicants: UNIV TEXAS
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G03C1
IPC codes: B29C35, B29C59, B29C67, G03C1, G03C5, G03F7