Disk synchronization control system and method

Abstract: In a multi-disk system, index equivalent signals from a plurality of disk units are identified, and an average phase value of each disk unit is calculated from the identified signals so that each disk unit can synchronize its rotation phase according to the result of calculation and the index signal thereof in order to eliminate the need for a master index for the synchronization of rotation speed and rotation phase.

Description: The present invention relates to a disk synchronization control system and method according to the precharacterizing parts of claims 1, 4 and 5, respectively. Description of the Prior Art The capacity of a digital data storage system has recently been expanding, and demand for improvement in its data processing speed has been growing. To meet this demand, the method in which a plurality of magnetic disk units are connected in parallel to expand storage capacity and to increase processing speed has been proposed. Fig. 9 is a block diagram showing a prior art storage system disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 1-250128 for example. In the figure, reference numeral 1 represents a host computer, 2 an array controller, and 3 a disk controller. A plurality of disk controllers 3 are connected to the array controller 2. 4 indicates magnetic disk units, each of which is connected to the respective disk controller 3. 5 indicates a master index line over which a master index signal from the array controller 2 is sent and which is connected to the magnetic disk units 4. The operation of the storage system will be described herafter. Data is written and read out from the host computer 1 through the array controller 2. Data is split into pieces for distribution to the magnetic disk units 4 to reduce processing time. The disk controller 3 sends data split by the array controller 2 to the disk controller 3 for writing on the magnetic disk units 4. Data read out from the magnetic disk units 4 is synthesized by the array controller 2 for transmission to the host computer 1. A master index signal for synchronizing the rotation of the magnetic disk units 4 is outputted from the array controller 2 to the master index line 5. All of the magnetic disk units 4 refer to this master index 5 for synchronization with one another. FIG.10 is a block diagram showing the rotation synchronization control circuit of the conventional storage system. In the figure, reference numeral 6 represents a spindle motor control circuit, 7 a spindle motor, 8 a phase detection circuit, and 9 a rotation speed control circuit. 10 represents a rotation phase control circuit, 11 a speed reference signal generator circuit, and 12 a phase signal input circuit. The magnetic disk units of the conventional storage system have a function to synchronize the rotation phase of the spindle motor with the master index signal referred to by the phase signal input circuit 12. The rotation phase control circuit 10 of each disk unit compares the master index signal referred to by the phase signal input circuit 12 with the phase of the rotation phase signal detected by the phase detection circuit 8 provided in the same disk unit to output instructions on the acceleration or deceleration of the spindle motor 7 to the speed reference signal generator circuit 11. The rotation speed control circuit 9 of each disk unit compares the speed reference signal from the speed reference signal generator circuit 11 with the rotation phase signal detected by the phase detection circuit 8 provided in the same disk unit to output instructions on the acceleration or deceleration of the spindle motor 7 to the spindle motor control circuit 6. Since the conventional magnetic disk system is structured as described in the foregoing, the disk rotation of each magnetic disk unit is synchronized with a respective master index. Therefore, data writing on and reading from a plurality of magnetic disk units can be performed at the same time, thus making it possible to increase data transfer speed when data is split into pieces to be stored in a plurality of magnetic disk units. However, when trouble occurs in this master index circuit, the rotation synchronization of the magnetic disk units of the whole system cannot be achieved, and the system becomes unstable since rotation synchronization depends only on the master index. If a single magnetic disk unit is operated as a master disk, the system also becomes unstable when trouble occurs in the disk unit designated as the master. US-A-4 918 544 discloses a multi-spindle synchronization control system for a magnetic disk apparatus which includes a plurality of magnetic disk units each for receiving a reference clock pulse to control rotation of a spindle motor and detecting rotation of the spindle motor to generate an index pulse. An oscillator generates a master clock and a counter converts the master clock into a master index pulse generated upon each rotation of the spindle motor. A plurality of spindle synchronization control circuits, each corresponding to one of the plurality of disk units, detect a timing relationship between the master index pulse and the index pulse from the corresponding disk unit for outputting the reference clock pulse. Further, US-A-4 907 105 shows an apparatus for linking together a plurality of disk drives with one of them being designated as master and the others being designated as slaves. The slave drives are synchronized to a common signal which may be from the master drive or from an external source. It is the object of the present invention to improve the known disk synchronization control system and method for controlling the synchronization for a plurality of disk units for writing and reading information in such a manner that a highly reliable rotation synchronization of the plurality of disk units without dependence on a master index is achieved. According to the invention this object is solved with a disk synchronization system according to Claim 1. According to the invention this object is also solved by the methods according to claims 4 and 5. The above an other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a system block diagram explaining magnetic disk units according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a control block diagram of a rotation synchronization control system in each magnetic disk unit of the embodiment; Fig. 3 is a circuit block diagram of the phase signal output circuit of the rotation synchronization control system; Fig. 4 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the embodiment; Fig. 5 is a time chart illustrating the operation of the embodiment when some of the disk units are synchronized with one another; Fig. 6 is an operational flow chart of the phase signal output circuit and the average rotation phase calculation circuit of the embodiment; FIG.7 is a time chart illustrating the operation of another embodiment of the present invention when some of the disk units are synchronized with one another; FIG.8 is an operational flow chart of a phase signal output circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG.9 is a block diagram of the conventional magnetic disk system; and FIG.10 is a block diagram of the rotation synchronization control device of the conventional magnetic disk system. Description of the Preferred Embodiment Embodiment 1 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG.1 is a block diagram illustrating the embodiment wherein the present invention is applied to magnetic disk units. In the figure, reference numeral 15 represents a synchronous signal line which is connected to a plurality of magnetic disk units 4. FIG.2 is a block diagram of a rotation phase synchronization control system in each disk unit of the embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 13 represents an average rotation phase calculation circuit which is newly provided, and 14 a phase signal output circuit which is also newly provided. In the magnetic disk control system of the present invention, the rotation phase signal of each magnetic disk unit 4 is outputted to the synchronous signal line 15 through the phase signal output circuit 14. The rotation phase control of each magnetic disk unit 4 is carried out by averaging the rotation phase signals of all the magnetic disk units 4 connected to the synchronous signal line 15 with the average rotation phase calculation circuit 13 and by synchronizing each magnetic disk unit with the thus obtained average rotation phase. FIG.3 shows details of the phase signal output circuit of FIG.2. In the figure, a comparator circuit 14a and a delay circuit 14b have functions shown in the flow chart of FIG.6(a) which will be described hereafter, and are constituted by a microprocessor or other devices. The operation of the circuit will be described below. FIG.4 is a time chart explaining the operation of the embodiment of the present invention in which all of the disk units are not synchronized with one another. In the figure, a represents the index output of each device which is the output of the phase detection circuit 8 of FIG.2. a1, a2, a3 and a4 represent the outputs of the phase detection circuits of magnetic disks 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. b represents the waveform of the synchronous signal line, and b1 represents an OR signal of a1, a2, a3 and a4, each of which is outputted to the synchronous signal line independently when the four devices are not synchronized with one another. FIG.5(a) illustrates a state in which three of the disk units are synchronized with one another. In the figure, bin represents an index equivalent signal over the synchronous signal line to be inputted into the third unit. In this example, two other units have already outputted identification signals. Meanwhile, the third unit detects a3 as the output of the internal phase detection circuit 8. a3 occurs within a synchronization width in this example. Then a short pulse C3 is generated in the phase signal output circuit 14 after checking with the bin signal that the identification signal including a short pulse is 0 level during a predetermined period of t3 seconds. C3 is added to bin to be outputted in the form of bout from the phase signal output circuit of the unit to the synchronous signal line. In FIG.5(a), when a disk unit is first synchronized with the index signal a of another disk unit, namely only two disk units have just begun to be synchronized with each other, an identification signal for synchronization is generated over the synchronous signal line. In concrete terms, the phase signal output circuit 14 sends the identification signal in the form of a pulse having a predetermined time width W according to the flow chart of FIG.6(a) which will be described hereafter. FIG.5(b) is a time chart illustrating a state in which four disk units are synchronized with one another. In the figure, it is understood from bin to be received by the fourth unit over the synchronous signal line that three of the units are already synchronized with one another. A short pulse C4 is generated based on an index signal a4 from the fourth unit after a predetermined time t4 set to the unit. These different predetermined times t3 and t4 are set to each disk unit, which makes it possible to know the number of synchronized disk units in any case. When the internal index signal of the fourth unit which is not synchronized with other units as shown by the dotted line of a4 is detected, the signal is outputted to bout as shown by the dotted line in the figure. FIG.6(a) is a flow chart explaining the operation of the phase signal output circuit 14 of FIG.2 which has been already described with reference to FIG.5(a) and FIG.5(b). FIG.6(b) is a flow chart explaining the operation of the average rotation phase calculation circuit 13 of FIG.2. The operation will first be described with reference to FIG.3. When a disk unit is not synchronized with other disk units, the average rotation phase calculation circuit 13 of the unit calculates an average rotation phase value tM from pulses over the synchronous signal line during a single rotation cycle from the time when an index signal begins to be generated as a rotation phase signal detected by the unit. In FIG.4, there are shown four disk units, and a single rotation time T is 15 ms. Since T is 16 ms, a delay of 8 ms or more is the advance of 16's complement. The second, third and fourth disk units each generate an index signal after the elapse of t1a, t1b and t1c seconds, respectively. t1a is 3 ms, t1b 5 ms, and t1c minus 4 ms (12 - 16). In this case, tM is obtained from the following equation: tM = (0 + 3 + 5 - 4)/4 = 1 Therefore, an average rotation phase value is 1 ms. Namely, if this disk unit delays its phase by 1 ms, and other disk units also control their phases, synchronization among these disk units is made possible with a slight amount of control. The state shown by FIG.5(a) or the dotted line of FIG.5(b) is that when three disk units are synchronized with one another. The phase is considered to be identical among these synchronized units. Therefore, if in the state shown by the dotted line of FIG.5(b), the unit of the dotted line has a delay of 3 ms, the average phase calculation circuit of the unit calculates an average rotation phase value from the following equation for phase control for synchronization. tM = (0 x 3 + 3)/4 = 0.75 ms Embodiment 2 In the above embodiment, a short identification pulse is generated when two or more disk units are synchronized with one another. Another simple embodiment of the present invention will be described hereafter. In the embodiment described below, synchronized units do not generate short pulses for identification, but expand the width of the first signal for rotation phase synchronization until it reaches a predetermined width. FIG.7(a) is an illustration of the operation, and FIG.8 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the phase signal output circuit in that case. Namely, in FIG.7(a), if a disk unit detects an index signal a thereof and at the same time an identification signal bin for rotation phase synchronization over the synchronous signal line 15, the unit generates a pulse c by delaying the index signal a. A new identification signal for rotation phase synchronization to be sent to the synchronous signal line 15 is in the form of bout. In this way, the operation of the phase signal output circuit is simpler in the second embodiment than the first embodiment. In this embodiment, weighting with the number of disk units is weakened, but its hardware is simpler. Embodiment 3 Referring to FIG.7(a), it has been explained that the width of the identification signal is expanded to a certain width by adding the index signal to the identification signal. If the index signal of a disk unit is detected within a delay of tS seconds during a predetermined time of less than tA seconds from the start of the identification signal, the signal is added to the identification signal. As shown in FIG.7(b), if the index signal of the unit is detected after the elapse of tL seconds which is longer than tA, the index signal may not be added to the identification signal which may then be re-transmitted directly. Embodiment 4 Another simpler embodiment of the present invention will be described hereafter. FIG.7(b) illustrates that the index signal is not added when the signal is detected after the elapse of tL seconds which is longer than tA. In Embodiment 3, after the formation of an identification signal, the width of the first signal for rotation phase synchronization is not changed. This simplifies the structure of the phase signal output circuit 14. That is, in FIG.7(b), even if a disk unit detects the index signal a thereof and at the same time the identification signal bin over the synchronous signal line 15, the phase signal output circuit 14 simply outputs the same signal as bin as an identification signal bout for rotation phase synchronization. As a result, steps 41, 42 and 43 shown in the right bottom of the flow chart of FIG.8 are not required. Embodiment 5 In the above embodiments, the rotation speed control circuit 9, the rotation phase control circuit 10, the average rotation phase calculation circuit 13, the phase signal output circuit 14 and other components are shown separately, but these functions may be integrated by a microprocessor. Embodiment 6 In the previous embodiments, the synchronous signal line 15 is connected to all of the disk units. The disk units may be divided into some groups, and a synchronous signal line may be provided for each group for synchronization control of each group. Embodiment 7 In the aforementioned embodiments, an average rotation phase calculation circuit is provided in each disk unit. For example, a single average rotation phase calculation circuit may be provided in a disk controller or other components to send a phase difference obtained from the result of calculation to each unit over a command or other line. Each unit controls rotation phase thereof based on the transmitted phase difference. Embodiment 8 In all of the previous embodiments, the present invention is applied to magnetic disk units for comparison with the prior art. If the present invention is applied to other types of disk units for writing, writing/reading and reading information such as an optical disk unit and an optical magnetic disk unit, the same effects can be achieved. As described in the foregoing, there are provided means for identifying index equivalent signals generated from a plurality of disk units and calculating an average rotation phase value, and phase control means for synchronizing the rotation phases of the disk units. Therefore, even if trouble occurs in any index signal generation circuit, the influence of the trouble on the disk units can be minimized, thus enhancing synchronization stability.

Claims: A disk synchronization control system for controlling the synchronization of a plurality of disk units (4) for writing and reading information, characterized in that each of said disk units (4) comprises means (13) for identifying a common index equivalent identification signal for rotation phase synchronization generated from index equivalent signals from synchronized other ones of the plurality of disk units (4) derived from index signals corresponding to the respective rotation phase signals of said other ones of the plurality of disk units (4), and means (13) for calculating an average rotation phase value on the basis of said common index equivalent identification signal by using its own rotation phase value as a reference and a plurality of rotation phase values of other disk units and determining the average difference to the rotation phase values of the other disk units (4) at a given point of time, and means (10) for synchronizing the rotation phase of the respective disk unit (4) based on the calculated average rotation phase value and the index signal from the respective unit (4). A disk synchronization control system according to claim 1, wherein each of said disk units further comprises means for adding as part of said common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization, an output signal delayed by a predetermined time when a index signal from a disk unit is overlapped with the preceding index equivalent signals of other disk units within said identification signal for rotation phase synchronization so that it is not overlapped with the index equivalent signals of the other disk units. The disk synchronization control system according to claim 1, wherein each of said disk units further comprises means for adding as part of said common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization, a delayed index signal to the index equivalent signals of other disk units either directly or when the index signal from a disk unit is overlapped with the preceding index equivalent signals of other devices within said common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization. A disk synchronization control method for controlling the synchronization of a plurality of disk units (4) for writing and reading information, characterized in that index equivalent signals from synchronized ones of said disk units (4) derived from index signals corresponding to the respective rotation phase signals of each of the plurality of disk units (4) are combined for use as a common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization, and wherein a disk unit (4) derives the number of other synchronized disk units (4) by detecting said identification signal, calculates an average rotation phase value from the phase difference between the index equivalent signal of said unit (4) and other units (4) by weighting with the number of units (4), and controls the rotation phase thereof for synchronization based on the result of the calculation. A disk synchronization control method for controlling the synchronization of a plurality of disk units (4) for writing and reading information, characterized in that index equivalent signals from synchronized ones of said disk units (4) derived from index signals corresponding to the respective rotation phase signals of each of the plurality of disk units (4) are combined for use as a common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization, and wherein each disk unit (4) calculates an average rotation phase value between the unit (4) and other units (4) from the index equivalent signals on the basis of said common identification signal, controls the rotation phase of the unit (4) for synchronization with the other units (4) based on the result of the calculation, and sends as a common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization either the detected common identification signal directly or a signal formed by adding said detected common identification signal to the delayed index equivalent signal of the unit (4), if overlapping with the detected common identification signal for rotation phase synchronization is detected within a predetermined time (t A ) from the start of said common identification signal.

Inventors: BABA HIROSHI MITSUBISHI DENKI, MATSUMOTO TOSHIO MITSUBISHI DE, BABA, HIROSHI, MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K., MATSUMOTO, TOSHIO, MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K.
Applicants: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP, MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G11B19
IPC codes: G11B19, G11B27, G11B20, G06F3