Method for flame abrasion of glass preform

Abstract: A glass preform (1) is preheated and then subjected to a flame abrasion by oxyhydrogen flame (4). A surface of the glass preform (1) thus abrased has no crack during the cooling after the flame abrasion.

Description: The present invention relates to a method for abrading a surface of an optical fiber glass preform so as to provide a glass preform suitable for the preparation of an optical fiber. Hitherto, a VAD (Vapor Phase Axial Deposition) method has been known for preparing an optical fiber. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the VAD method. SiO 2 glass fine particles 5 which are produced in a oxyhydrogen flame 7 of burner 6 are deposited on a rotating start member 8 such as a glass rod so as to prepare a cylindrical porous preform. Then, the porous preform is sintered to prepare a transparent glass fiber preform. The transparent glass preform thus prepared has roughness of several micrometers on its surface. Therefore, the preform surface is smoothed by a flame abrasion with an oxyhydrogen flame immediately before the drawing, and then the preform is drawn to prepare an optical fiber. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the flame abrasion method. The surface of the rotating glass preform 1 is subjected to a flame abrasion with oxyhydrogen flame of plural burners 4. WO-A-82/00635 discloses a laser treatment method for imparting increased mechanical strength to glass objects. The glass object may be directed to a glass rod having a diameter of 5 mm, at maximum, or to glass bottles having a rather small capacity and a diameter of 3.2 cm. Such a glass object has a hollow interior. The reforming of a glass surface in accordance with the method described in this document rapidly creates a steep temperature gradient in the surface stratum of the glass so that flow-inducing viscosities do not extend to a depth of more than about 150 µm from the glass surface. The steep temperature gradient, which preserves the bulk of the glass object at relatively low temperatures, assists in preventing deformation of the object during the surface reforming process. In order to prevent deformation or fracture of the glass object due to thermal stresses generated by laser heating of the surface stratum, the entire object is heated prior to impingement of the laser beam on the surface thereof, this at least to the strain point of the glass (± 486°C). Recently, the glass preform increasingly has a large dimension, namely a large diameter and a large length so as to decrease the cost of the optical fiber. When the glass preform has the large diameter, a center part of the preform cannot be sufficiently heated only by heat of the oxyhydrogen flame during the flame abrasion, and a large temperature difference is created between the center part and the surface part of the preform to cause a thermal strain. Because of this strain, the preform often cracks during the cooling. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for flame abrasion of the preform surface with oxyhydrogen flame, in which a crack due to the thermal strain is prevented by reducing the temperature difference between the center part and the surface part of the preform. This object is achieved by a method for abrading a surface of an optical fiber glass preform comprising the steps of (i) preheating the optical fiber glass preform having a diameter of at least 50 mm in a heating oven for between 20 and 180 minutes to a temperature of from 800 to 1400° C; and (ii) abrading a surface of said preheated glass preform by impinging an oxyhydrogen flame thereon whilst the glass preform is hot. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a VAD method. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional flame abrasion method. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of a method for flame abrasion according to the present invention. An oxyhydrogen burner used for the flame abrasion has so weak thermal power that only a glass surface is subjected to a flame abrasion. When the glass preform having a large diameter of at least 50 mm is subjected to the flame abrasion, the thermal power of the oxyhydrogen flame is insufficient to heat the center part of the preform, and large temperature difference is created between the center part and the surface part of the preform so as to cause a thermal strain. In the present invention, the preform is preheated prior to the flame abrasion so that the thermal difference is reduced to restrain the thermal strain and the cracking during the cooling after the flame abrasion is prevented. According to the present invention, the decrease of a yield due to the cracking is prevented with glass preforms having the large diameter of at least 50 mm which are adressed by the invention, and the productivity of the optical fiber is significantly improved. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the flame abrasion according to the present invention. Both ends of a glass preform 1 are attached to supporting rods 2 and preheated in a heating oven 3. Then, the preform is transferred near an underneath oxyhydrogen flame burner 4 and treated with the oxyhydrogen flame to smooth the preform surface as shown in dotted lines. The heating oven may be any oven provided that it can provide heat necessary for preheating the preform. The heating oven may be a resistance heating oven such as an oven having a carbon heater, a microwave oven or a high frequency oven. The preform is preheated to a temperature of from 800 to 1400°C, preferably from 1000 to 1200°C, for a time of from 20 to 180 min. preferably from 30 to 120 min. Although the oxyhydrogen flame burner is present under the heating oven in Fig. 3, the position of the burner to the oven is not limited to Fig. 3. The preheating and the flame abrasion may be conducted in separate apparatuses provided that the flame abrasion can be conducted while the glass preform is hot. The preform may be vertically or horizontally positioned. The present invention will be illustrated by the following Example. Example A preform for an optical fiber was prepared by a VAD method. SiO 2 glass fine particles were deposited on a rotating quartz rod having a diameter of 30 mm to make a layer having a thickness of 250 mm and a length of 600 mm, then the rod was heated for sintering in a vacuum oven to 1600°C to prepare a transparent preform for an optical fiber having a diameter of 120 mm and a length of 600 mm. A surface roughness of this preform was measured by a contact surface roughness meter, and was from 3 to 5 µm. Supporting rods having a diameter of 40 mm were connected with both ends of the preform. A temperature of a resistance heating oven having a carbon heater was set at 1200°C and the preform was preheated in the oven under a nitrogen atmosphere for one hour as shown in Fig. 3. The preheated preform was transferred downward to a position near a burner. A flame abrasion was conducted with oxyhydrogen flame while the preform was hot. In an oxyhydrogen gas, a hydrogen gas flow rate was 120 l/min. and an oxygen gas flow rate was 60 l/min. While maintaining a distance between the preform and the burner at 50 mm, fixing the burner and transferring the preform at a velocity of 10 mm/min. with rotating the preform, the flame abrasion treatment was conducted. Then, the burner was turned off and the preform was cooled to the room temperature. A surface roughness of the resultant preform was measured by the surface roughness meter, and was decreased to 0.5 µm. Then, the preform was drawn to prepare an optical fiber having a diameter of 12.5 µm. The fiber could be continuously prepared without breakage of the fiber during the drawing. The optical fiber had a sufficient pulling strength at break of 7 kg. Comparative Example The same manner in Example was repeated except that the preheating was omitted. Since linear cracks were formed on the preform surface during the cooling after the flame abrasion, the preform could not be drawn.

Claims: A method for abrading a surface of an optical fiber glass preform comprising the steps of: (i) preheating the optical fiber glass preform having a diameter of at least 50 mm in a heating oven for between 20 and 180 minutes to a temperature of from 800 to 1400°C; and (ii) abrading a surface of said preheated glass preform by impinging an oxyhydrogen flame thereon whilst the glass preform is hot. The method according to claim 1 wherein the preform is preheated to a temperature of from 1000 to 1200°C.

Inventors: DANZUKA TOSHIO, OHGA YUICHI, DANZUKA, TOSHIO, OHGA, YUICHI, DANZUKA, TOSHIO, C/O YOKOHAMA WORKS OF, OHGA, YUICHI, C/O YOKOHAMA WORKS OF
Applicants: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD
Application year: 1992
Main classification: C03B37
IPC codes: C03B29, C03B37