Gas turbine vane cooling air insert

Abstract: In a gas turbine having stationary vanes (1) provided with cooling air inserts (14-16) and an impingement plate (24) attached to the outer shroud (2) of the vane (1), the inserts (14-16) extend only a short distance above their mounting surface on the outer shroud (2) so that there is adequate access for properly welding the inserts (14-16) to the outer shroud (2). Insert extensions (20, 21) are disposed in the end of each insert (14-16) so as to form cooling air inlets which project above the impingement plate (24), the insert extension (20, 21) being installed after an insert (14-16) has been welded to the outer shroud (2) so as to not interfere with access to the weld area. The insert extensions (20, 21) are attached to the inserts (14-16) and the impingement plate (24) by flexible seal collars (22-23) forming positive seals between the components.

Description: The current invention relates to gas turbines, particularly to a blade insert arrangement used to distribute cooling air within a gas turbine vane. A gas turbine employs a plurality of stationary vanes circumferentially arranged in rows in its turbine section. Since such vanes are exposed to the hot gas discharging from the combustion section, cooling of these vanes is of utmost importance. Typically, cooling is accomplished by flowing cooling air through cavities formed inside the vane airfoil. A tubular insert is disposed in each of these cavities to distribute the air within the cavity. In addition, an impingement plate, is attached to the outer shroud of the vane. The impingement plate has a plurality of holes formed therein to promote the formation of jets of cooling air which impinge on the outer shroud. An arrangement having a vane air cooling insert and an impingement plate is disclosed in document US-A-4 693 667. In order to receive the cooling air directed to the vane, the distal end of at least a portion of the inserts must form an inlet which extends beyond the impingement plate. In the past, the inlet has been created by using a single piece insert which was sufficiently long to extend beyond the impingement plate. However, it is difficult to attach such long inserts to the outer shroud because the projecting end of the insert restricts access to the portion of the insert, referred to as the cover plate, along which the insert must be welded to the shroud. Such welding access is especially restricted in the area of the rear support rail and the raised edges of the outer shroud. This lack of access for welding not only makes fabrication of the vane more costly, it often results in a poor quality weld which is prone to failure. Consequently, it would be desirable to provide an insert having an inlet which extended beyond the impingement plate but which provided sufficient access for welding of the insert to the outer shroud. In the past, the hole in the impingement plate through which the insert extended was sealed by attaching a seal to the impingement plate which pressed against the insert -- that is, the seals formed openings which had a smaller size than that of the insert so that there was an interference fit between the seal and the insert. This approach was necessary because positive sealing by welding the seals directly to both the impingement plate and the inserts was not feasible with the inserts heretofore used in the art. This is so because there was insufficient flexibility in such inserts to withstand the differential thermal expansion between the insert and the impingement plate. As a result, welding a seal to both components would cause cracking of the seals or their welds. Unfortunately, the interference fit between the seal and the insert is sometimes lost after extended operation due to wear and creep, resulting in the leakage of cooling air. Consequently, it is the principal object of the present invention to provide an arrangement with sufficient flexibility to allow positive sealing by incorporating seals which were welded to both the impingement plate and the inserts. With this object in view, the present invention resides in a gas turbine having a plurality of turbine vanes, each of said vanes being supplied with cooling air and having an airfoil portion forming a cavity; an insert disposed in said cavity for directing the flow of said cooling air, said insert having first and second ends; a shroud portion from which said airfoil portion extends, said insert being attached to said shroud portion at said first end; and a plate covering at least a portion of said shroud, said plate having a hole formed therein; characterized by an insert extension extending through a portion of said insert and beyond said first end of said insert and through said hole in said plate, said insert extension being disposed in spaced relationship from said insert so as to form an annular gap therebetween and by at least a first seal extending between said insert extension and said insert for sealing said annular gap. The invention will become more readily apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof shown, by way of example only, in the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is an elevation of a gas turbine vane. Figure 2 is an isometric view of the outer shroud portion of the vane shown in Figure 1 before installation of the inserts. Figure 3 is an isometric view of the impingement plate. Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 2 after the cooling air inserts have been installed. Figure 5 is an isometric view of one of the inserts shown in Figure 4. Figure 6 is a cross-section through line VI-VI shown in Figure 10. Figure 7 is a cross-section through line VII-VII shown in Figure 4. Figure 8 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 after the cooling air insert extensions have been installed. Figure 9 is an isometric view of one of the insert extensions shown in Figure 8. Figure 10 is a view similar to that of Figure 8 after the impingement plate has been installed. There is shown in Figure 1 a gas turbine vane 1. A plurality of such vanes are circumferentially arranged in a row in the turbine section of the gas turbine and serve to properly direct the flow of hot gas from the combustion section to the rotating blades. The vane 1 shown in Figure 1 is a first row vane and, thus, is directly exposed to the hot gas discharging from the combustion section. Hence, cooling of such vanes is of utmost importance. The vane 1 is comprised of an airfoil 7 disposed between inner and outer shrouds 2 and 3, respectively. Support rails 4 and 5 are used to attach the vane 1 to an inner cylinder (not shown), referred to as a blade ring. As shown in Figure 1, cooling air 6, which may be air extracted from the air discharging from the compressor section, is supplied to the outer shroud 2 of the vane. As shown in Figure 2, the walls of the airfoil 7 form hollow cavities 11, 12 and 13 in the leading edge, mid-section and trailing edge portions, respectively, of the vane 1. As shown in Figure 4, inserts 14, 15 and 16 are disposed in these cavities. As shown in Figure 5, which shows only insert 14 but is illustrative of inserts 15 and 16 as well, the inserts are tubular members which contain a plurality of holes for distributing the cooling air 6 within the cavities, thereby ensuring uniform cooling of the vane 1. As shown in Figure 4, cover plates 17, 18 and 19 extend around each of the inserts 14, 15 and 16, respectively, just below their upper end and form flanges for attaching the inserts to the outer shroud 2. A radially outward facing surface 10 formed in the outer shroud 2 serves as an mounting surface for the insert cover plates. The outward facing surface 10 extends upward from a recess 9 formed in the outer shroud 2. The inserts 14, 15 and 16 are attached to the outer shroud by welding -- for example, by TIG welding --the cover plates 17, 18 and 19 to the mounting surface 10. According to the current invention, the inserts 14, 15 and 16 project only a short distance, shown as dimension A in Figure 6, above the mounting surface 10. Although the preferred size of dimension A will vary with the size of the vane, in the preferred embodiment of the invention as incorporated into the vane of a large industrial gas turbine, such as that shown in Figure 1, the dimension A is less than approximately 0.25 cm (0.1 inch). Thus, there is ample access to the cover plate/mounting surface interface to properly apply the weld, even in the vicinity of the raised edges 31 of the outer shroud 2 which project radially outward adjacent the mounting surface 10, as shown in Figure 7. After the inserts 14, 15 and 16 have been installed and the cover plates 17, 18 and 19 welded, insert extensions 20 and 21 are inserted into the end of the inserts 17 and 18, respectively, as shown in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 9, which depicts only insert extension 20 but is illustrative of insert extension 21 as well, the insert extensions are short tubular sections. As shown in Figure 6, the outside cross-sectional dimensions of the insert extensions 20 and 21 are slightly less than the inside cross-sectional dimensions of the inserts 14 and 15, respectively, so that an annular gap 30 is formed between the inserts and the insert extensions. In the preferred embodiment, the annular gap 30 is approximately 0.25 mm (0.010 inch) wide. As shown in Figure 6, collars 22 and 23 are welded along their upper edge to the insert extensions 20 and 21, respectively, preferably before the insert extensions are inserted into the inserts. The insert extensions 20 and 21 are then attached to the inserts 14 and 15 by welding the collars 22 and 23 along their lower edge to the cover plates 17 and 18, respectively. Thus, the collars form annular seals extending between the insert extensions and the inserts which prevent cooling air from leaking out of the inserts. Since, in the preferred embodiment, the seal collars 22 and 23 are very thin, preferably 0.13-0.25 mm (5-10 mils), they can be welded to the collars 17 and 18 by spot welding so that gaining access to the weld site after the insert extensions 20 and 21 have been installed is not a problem, as it is when TIG welding the collars 22 and 23 to the outer shroud. After the insert extensions 20 and 21 have been installed, an impingement plate 24, shown in Figure 3, is placed over the outer shroud 2 so that it covers the recess 9, including the surface 10, as shown in Figure 10. A plurality of small holes 25 are formed in the impingement plate 24 so that a portion of the cooling air 6 supplied to the outer shroud is formed into jets which impinge with high velocity on the shroud surface, thereby promoting vigorous cooling. As shown in Figure 6, the insert extensions 20 and 21 are sufficiently long to extend through the large holes 28 and 29 in the impingement plate. Thus, the insert extensions 20 and 21 form cooling air 6 inlets for the inserts 14 and 15. The insert extensions 20 and 21 extend above the mounting surface 10 by a distance shown as dimension B in Figure 6. In the preferred embodiment as incorporated into a large industrial gas turbine vane, such as that shown in Figure 1, the dimension B is at least approximately 1.25 cm (0.5 inch). During fabrication of the vane, the impingement plate 24 is welded along its perimeter to the outer shroud 2. Next, as shown in Figure 6, seal collars 26 and 27, similar to seal collars 22 and 23, are welded along their upper and lower edges to the insert extensions and the impingement plate, respectively, thereby forming annular seals which prevent the leakage of cooling air. Thus, unlike the arrangements heretofore known, the cooling air insert arrangement according to the current invention provides cooling air inlets for the inserts 14 and 15 which extend above the impingement plate 24 yet which allow sufficient access for TIG welding the insert cover plates 17 and 18 to the outer shroud 2. This is accomplished by the use of insert extensions 20 and 21 which are installed only after the inserts have been welded to the outer shroud. The insert extension seal collars 22 and 23 are thin enough to allow them to be attached to the insert cover plates 17 and 18 by spot welding so that the limited access to the insert collars which is available once the insert extensions have been installed is not a problem. Moreover, considerable flexibility is imparted to this insert arrangement by (i) the presence of the gap 30 between the inserts and the insert extensions and (ii) the use of the thin flexible seal collars 22, 23, 26 and 27 to attach the insert extensions to the inserts and the impingement plate. Consequently, differential thermal expansion between the impingement plate 24 and the inserts 14 and 15 does not preclude welding the aforementioned seal collars to these components along both their upper and lower edges so as to form positive seals between the insert extensions and the inserts and between the insert extensions and the impingement plate.

Claims: A gas turbine having a plurality of turbine vanes (1), each of said vanes (1) being supplied with cooling air (6) and having an airfoil portion (7) forming a cavity (11); an insert (14) disposed in said cavity (11) for directing the flow of said cooling air (6), said insert (14) having first and second ends; a shroud portion (2) from which said airfoil portion (7) extends, said insert (14) being attached to said shroud portion (2) at said first end; and a plate (24) covering at least a portion of said shroud (2), said plate (24) having a hole (28) formed therein; characterized by an insert extension (20) extending through a portion of said insert (14) and beyond said first end of said insert (14) and through said hole (28) in said plate (24), said insert extension being disposed in spaced relationship from said insert (14) so as to form an annular gap (30) therebetween and by at least a first seal (22) extending between said insert extension (20) and said insert (14) for sealing said annular gap (30). A gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that said first seal (22) is welded to both said insert (14) and said insert extension (20). A gas turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of said vanes (1) includes a second seal (26) extending between said insert extension (20) and said plate (24), said second seal (26) being welded to both said insert (14) and said plate (24).

Inventors: DISHMAN CHRISTOPHER DEAN, HULTGREN KENT GORAN, NORTH WILLIAM EDWARD, VAN HEUSDEN GARY SCOTT, DISHMAN, CHRISTOPHER DEAN, HULTGREN, KENT GORAN, NORTH, WILLIAM EDWARD, VAN HEUSDEN, GARY SCOTT
Applicants: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP, WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F01D5
IPC codes: F01D5, F01D9