A misfire detector for use with an internal combustion engine

Abstract: In a misfire detector device for use in internal combustion engine, a secondary circuit is provided to apply voltage to a spark plug of an internal combustion engine. A secondary voltage waveform detector is provided to detect a secondary voltage waveform. An integral circuit is provided to integrate the secondary voltage waveform detected by the secondary voltage waveform detector during a predetermined period including a part of sparking time period of the spark plug. A comparator is provided to compare the secondary voltage waveform with an integral value of the integral circuit. A misfire is determined by a relationship between the integral value of the integral circuit and the secondary voltage waveform based on an electrical resistance of a spark gap changing depending upon whether air-fuel mixture is normally ignited or not when the spark plug is energized.

Description: This invention relates to a misfire detector for use in an internal combustion engine in which high voltage is supplied to a spark plug. With the demand for cleaner emission gases and enhanced fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines, it has been necessary to detect the firing conditions in each cylinder of the internal combustion engine so as to protect the internal combustion engine against misfire. In order to detect the firing condition in each of the cylinders, either an optical sensor installed within each cylinder or a piezoelectrical sensor attached to the seat pad of the spark plug has been proposed. In both cases, however, it is troublesome and time-consuming to install the sensor in each of the cylinders, thus increasing the installation cost, and taking much time in checks and maintenance. GB-A-1,464,477/FR-A-2,230,875 discloses a misfire detector for an internal combustion engine which detects the secondary voltage wave form and analyses it by making two initial comparisons, the results of which are logically compared to provide a signal indicative of the occurrence and type of misfire. One of the two initial comparisons is whether the time integral of the second voltage waveform is greater than a predetermined constant threshold over a predetermined time interval, in which case a misfire is detected. According to the present invention, there is provided a misfire detector device for use in an internal combustion engine having a secondary circuit adapted to apply voltage to a spark plug of the internal combustion engine, the misfire detector device comprising: a secondary voltage waveform detector adapted to detect a secondary voltage waveform; integrating means for integrating the secondary voltage waveform detected by the secondary voltage waveform detector during a predetermined period including a part of the sparking period of the spark plug; and characterised by further comprising: a comparator adapted to compare the secondary voltage waveform with an integrated value produced by the integrating means, detection means for detecting the occurrence of a misfire on the basis of the output of the comparator which indicates the relationship between the integrated value and the secondary voltage waveform resulting from the electrical resistance of the spark gap of the spark plug which is dependent upon whether an air-fuel mixture is correctly ignited when the spark plug is energised. The present invention provides an ignition detector for use in an internal combustion engine, which may precisely detect a waveform of a secondary voltage across the spark plugs of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine with a relatively simple structure. The secondary voltage waveform is detected from the spark plug or the high tension cord connected to the secondary circuit of the ignition coil. Analysing the waveform makes it possible to distinguish correct ignition from misfire or faulty ignition of the spark plug, and feeding the analyzed information back to a combustion control device gives a warning of worsened emission gases. The misfire is detected only by analyzing the secondary voltage waveform by means of an electronic circuit, thus making it possible to mount easily with a simple structure and minimum maintenance. The invention will further be understood from the following description, when taken together with the attached drawings, which are given by way of example only, and in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an ignition circuit having a secondary voltage detector circuit for internal combustion engine; and Fig. 2 shows waveform for the purpose of explaining how the secondary voltage detector circuit works. Referring to Fig. 1, there is provided an ignition circuit 100a of an ignition device 100 for internal combustion engine which includes an ignition coil 1 having a primary coil 1a and a secondary coil 1b. A high tension cord 11 has one end electrically connected to the secondary coil 1b, and having the other end connected to a rotor 2a of a distributor 2 which integrally incorporates a contact breaker (not shown) and has e.g. four stationary segments (Ra). To each of the stationary segments (Ra), a free end of the rotor 2a approaches to make a series gap (e.g. 0.30 mm in width) with the corresponding segments (Ra) during the rotary movement of the rotor 2a. To each of the four stationary segments (Ra), is a center electrode 3a of a spark plug 3 electrically connected which is installed in each of four cylinders of the internal combustion engine. The spark plug 3 has an outer electrode 3b electrically connected to the ground so that the secondary coil 1b energizes each of the spark plugs 3 by way of the high tension cord 11, the rotor 2a and each of the stationary segments (Ra) of the distributor 2. To the high tension cord 11 which is provided to electrically connect the secondary coil 1b to the distributor 2, is a high impedance element 41 connected to form a secondary voltage detector 40 which includes a low impedance element 42 and an electrical resistor 43 connected in parallel with the high impedance element 41. The low impedance element 42 has one end connected to the high impedance element 41, and having the other end connected to the ground. A shunt resistor 5a of a misfire distinction circuit 5 is connected between the low impedance element 42 and the high impedance element 41 to form a misfire detector device 4. The secondary voltage detector is adapted to divide secondary voltage across the high tension cord 11 by the order of 1/2000 in which high voltage of about 20000 volt is reduced to the level of 10 volt since the secondary voltage is picked up in accordance with a ratio of the high impedance element 41 to the low impedance element 42. The voltage thus reduced is fed to the misfire distinction circuit 5 through the shunt resistor 5a. In the misfire distinction circuit 5, the circuit 5 has an operational amplifier 51 and a shunt circuit 52 which comprises resistors (R1), (R2) to shunt an output from the operational amplifier 51. The circuit 5 further has an integration circuit 53 and a comparator 54. The integration circuit 53 has a resistor (R3) and a condensor C1 to calculate the output from the operational amplifier 51, while the comparator 54 compares a shunt value of the shunt circuit 52 to an integrated value of the integration circuit 53. A voltage waveform picked up from an intermediate point (A) between the high impedance element 41 and the low impedance element 42 has a capacitive discharge component in an order of 100 ampere for 1 nano second based on the breakdown of the spark gap. Following the capacitive discharge component, an inductive discharge component occurs in an order of 50 milliampere for 1 millisecond as shown at (a) in Fig. 2 which is a voltage waveform equivalent to that of the secondary circuit directly divided in accordance with a ratio of the high impedance element 41 to that of the low impedance element 42. The inductive discharge component changes the secondary voltage waveform since the electrical resistance of the spark gap between the electrodes 3a, 3b varies from the case in which spark occurs between the electrodes 3a, 3b, and ignites air-fuel mixture gas in the cylinder to the case in which spark occurs between the electrodes 3a, 3b, but fails to ignite the air-fuel mixture gas. When the spark normally ignites the air-fuel mixture gas to generate combustion gas which is ionized at or around the spark gap to decrease the electrical resistance between the electrodes 3a, 3b. The decreased electrical resistance causes the capacitive discharge in the order of 100 ampere for about 1 nano-second followed by the inductive discharge in the order of 50 milliampere at low voltage (V1) for about 1 millisecond until the whole electrical energy of the ignition coil 1 has been released. Completing the inductive discharge follows by a low peak voltage (P1) as shown at (a1) in Fig 2. When the spark fails to ignite the air-fuel mixture gas, the electrical resistance between the electrodes 3a, 3b remains greater. The greater electrical resistance terminates the inductive discharge for a short period of time to remain a greater amount of electrical energy reserved in the ignition coil 1. The greatly reserved energy in the ignition coil 1 completes the capacity discharge followed by the inductive discharge at low voltage (V2) and succeeding a rapidly increased peak voltage (P2) as shown at (a2) in Fig 2. When the spark ignites the air-fuel mixture gas, but strong swirls make the spark errant to lengthen the sustaining time period of the spark. The errant spark interrupts the discharge between the electrodes 3a, 3b and destroys the insulation of the spark gap between the electrodes 3a, 3b. In this situation, the completion of the capacity discharge followed by the inductive discharge at progressively increasing voltage (V3) and succeeding the capacity discharge again to represent an intermediate peak voltage (P3) after completing the discharge as shown at (a3) in Fig 2. The voltage waveform picked up from the intermediate point (A) is inversely amplified by the operational amplifier 51, and is divided by the shunt circuit 52 to be fed into one terminal of the comparator 54. A voltage waveform derived from a shunt point (B) between the operational amplifier 51 and the shunt circuit 52 is as shown at (b1), (b2) and (b3) of (b) in Fig. 2. An output from the operational amplifier 51 electrically charges a condensor (C1) by way of an electrical resistor (R1) of the integration circuit 53. Another voltage waveform derived from an intermediate point (C) between the electrical resistor (R3) and the condensor (C1) is as shown at (c) in Fig. 2. The comparator 54 compares the voltage waveform (b) with the voltage waveform (c) so as to generate an output pulse (d) at an output terminal (D) of the comparator 54. The output pulse (d) is adapted to be fed into a microcomputer or a pulse-width determinant circuit 55. When the spark normally ignites the air-fuel mixture gas, the level of the integral voltage waveform (c1) becomes lower than the capacity discharge level of the voltage waveform (b1) so as to generate a single short pulse (d1) as shown at (d) in Fig. 2. When the spark fails to ignite the air-fuel mixture gas, each of the wave forms corresponding in turn to the capacity discharge and peak voltage (P2) in the voltage waveform (c2) exceeds the rest of the voltage waveform (c2) so as to simultaneously produce a short pulse (d2) and a wider pulse (D2) from the output terminal (D) of the comparator 54. When the spark ignites the air-fuel mixture gas, but strong swirls make the spark errant to lengthen the sustaining time period of the spark. The errant spark either increases the inductive discharge level or induces the capacity discharge again so as to produce a higher level of an integral voltage waveform (c3) after completing the discharge. The higher level of the integral voltage waveform makes it possible to exceed the peak voltage level (P3) so as to produce either a single short pulse (d3) or short pulses (d3), (d4) at once from the output terminal (D) of the comparator 54. Each of the pulses (d1) ∼ (d4) based on the capacity discharge has very short period of cycle compared to the resonance cycle of the spark of the spark plug. Since it is found that the cyclic period of the pulse (D2) exceeds 1/4 of the resonance cycle of the spark plug when the spark fails to ignite the air-fuel mixture gas, it is possible to judge misfire by detecting the cyclic period of the pulse (D2) exceeding 1/4 of the resonance cycle of the spark plug. While the invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, it is understood that this description is not to be construed in a limiting sense in as much as various modifications and additions to the specific embodiments may be made by skilled artisan without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A misfire detector device (4) for use in an internal combustion engine having a secondary circuit (1b,2) adapted to apply voltage to a spark plug (3) of the internal combustion engine, the misfire detector device (4) comprising: a secondary voltage waveform detector (40) adapted to detect a secondary voltage waveform; integrating means (53, C₁) for integrating the secondary voltage waveform detected by the secondary voltage waveform detector (40) during a predetermined period including a part of the sparking period of the spark plug (3); and characterised by further comprising: a comparator (54) adapted to compare the secondary voltage waveform (b) with an integrated value (c) produced by the integrating means, detection means (55) for detecting the occurrence of a misfire on the basis of the output of said comparator (54) which indicates the relationship between said integrated value (c) and said secondary voltage waveform (b) resulting from the electrical resistance of the spark gap of the spark plug (3) which is dependent upon whether an air-fuel mixture is correctly ignited when the spark plug (3) is energised. A misfire detector device according to claim 1, wherein said detection means (55) determines a misfire to have occurred when said secondary voltage is more than said integrated value for more than ¼, of the resonance cycle of the sparking of the spark plug (3). A misfire detector device according to claim 1, wherein said detection means (55) determines whether a misfire has occurred by comparing said integrated value (c) with the peak value of said secondary voltage (b) after the sparking period. An internal combustion engine comprising a misfire detector according to any preceding claim.

Inventors: HISAKI TAKASHI, MATSUBARA YOSHIHIRO, MIYATA SHIGERU, SHIMASAKI YUUICHI, SUZUKI TAKASHI, HISAKI, TAKASHI, MATSUBARA, YOSHIHIRO, MIYATA, SHIGERU, SHIMASAKI, YUUICHI, SUZUKI, TAKASHI
Applicants: HONDA MOTOR CO LTD, NGK SPARK PLUG CO, HONDA GIKEN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, NGK SPARK PLUG CO., LTD
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F02P17
IPC codes: F02B77, F02P17, G01M15, F02D45