SAFETY DEVICE FOR MARINE PURPOSES

Abstract: A device which serves as a combined ladder and fender for marine purposes, and consists of two vertical side members (1) parallel to each other and between which horizontal steps (2) are provided. To each side member (1) is attached a fender element (5) of a particular design. A cross section through the fender elements (5) in a vertical plane parallel to the main plane of the device through the side members (1) and the steps (2), or in a vertical plane perpendicular to the main plane, will result in a shape approximating a quadrilateral. This quadrilateral has two sides parallel to each other but of different lengths, while the third side is perpendicular to the two parallel sides and the fourth side slants in relation to the opposite side. The device can also serve as an embarkation ladder, a safety ladder, a bathing ladder and a life-buoy.

Description: SAFETY DEVICE FOR MARINE PURPOSES The present invention is a combined ladder and fender for boats. It is designed to serve equally well as a ladder and as a fender, without one function being detrimental to the other. The device can also be used as a safety ladder, boarding ladder, bathing ladder and life-buoy. In later years there has been a strongly developing trend in purchasing and enjoying the use of yachts and pleasure craft of various types. In this respect two factors stand out in importance. A pleasure boat represents a sizeable investment and it is desirable to keep it in best shape as long as possible. One wishes therefore to avoid the danger of damage to boats when they dock alongside quay, alongside another craft or in marinas with floating stages and piers, especially in wind and rough seas. Fenders have traditionally been used to prevent such damage. With a soft surface and a somewhat compressible consistency, their purpose is to protect hull and freeboard. Fenders vary greatly in shape, from the spherical balls of rope to cork and plastic fenders. The function and suitability of a fender depend largely on its design. A spherical fender provides a safe distance from boat to quay but a minimal contact face and an unstable contact point against irregular surfaces. A cylindrical fender provides a larger contact face. However, this is not always sufficient in certain cases as it slips easily. The most practical fenders are designed with a large contact face. The use of fenders with traditional designs is particularly problematic as a protection against quays using car tyres as fenders. The boat's own fenders slide inside and between the tyres and are of little use for preventing discoloration of the boat by the tyres. In addition, quays which are supported by straight vertical posts only have always been a problem for small craft. The traditional shapes given to fenders prevent the fenders from resting against the posts in a stable position, and it is necessary to resort to the well-known trick of using a so-called fender board a between the quay posts b and the boat's fenders. See figure 6. For reasons of convenience and safety, various devices have traditionally been used for embarking and disembarking. When the deck of the craft and the quay, or floating stage or other craft, are at different heights, it has been necessary to use ladders or gangways made of rope, wood or metal. The rapidly increasing number of yachts and pleasure boats has accelerated the development of marinas equipped with floating stages and piers where boats can dock and moor. Such piers and floating gangways are often low, and this factor has created the need for a ladder which can hang overboard and facilitate embarkment from a floating gangway. An ordinary ladder made of wood or any other hard material cannot be left to hang overboard. It must be let down before embarkment and must be taken up before disembarkation because of the risk of damage to the hull in rough sea. The same problem arises when embarking or disembarking between craft of different freeboard height, or between craft swinging at anchor and light craft. The object of the present invention is to provide an optimal device which can satisfactorily function both as a ladder and as a fender in all situations. The device of the invention is meant to function as a ladder and at the same time as a fender between the craft and the floating gangways in marinas. This function is also extended to the use of the device as a combined ladder and fender for embarkment. The shape of the device, its size and the material selected provide a device perfectly suited to its use as a fender against tyre-protected quays, irregular quays and quays supported on vertical posts. In the last instance, the step provided on the device will act as a fender board. In addition to its function as fender, the device can also be used as a safety ladder, an embarkation ladder, a bathing ladder and a life-buoy. The device is designed to accommodate straight vertical freeboards, freeboards slanting inward or outward and freeboards with a built-in fender strip. The object of the invention is achieved by giving the vertical elements of the ladder the shape of a fender which is suitable for all types of freeboard, the steps of the ladder always being in the horizontal plane when the device is resting against the hull, and the ladder elements being made of a material which does not damage the hull. Further details of the present invention will appear from the description of a preferred embodiment below, and from the figures and claims. Figure 1: A perspective view of the device. Figure 2a: The device used as a ladder and fender between a boat with vertical freeboard and a floating gangway. Figure 2b: The device of the previous figure used on a boat with freeboard slanting inward. Figure 2c: The device of figure 2a, used on a boat with freeboard slanting outward. Figure 3: A vertical lateral view of the device. Figure 4: The device shown with a ladder without fenders, with a bathing ladder. Figure 5a, b, c: Device shown with slots in the steps. Figure 6: Illustration of the use of a fender board. Figure 7: The device used as a fender against a quay supported on vertical posts. The device is designed on the basis of two vertical side members 1 in between which horizontal steps 2 are provided. At the upper vertical extremity of each side member 1, a horizontal suspension hole 3 is provided. At the opposite vertical extremity of the side members 1, one extension hole 4 is provided in each side member 1. On the face of each side member 1 facing away from the steps 2, a fender element is attached. The fender elements have rounded shapes, but their vertical cross section in a plane parallel to the hull of the boat approximates the shape of an irregular quadrilateral. This quadrilateral would be obtained starting from a right-angled triangle, the most acute angle of which would be removed when the figure is bisected by a straight line parallel to the shortest side of the triangle. The resulting figure is then a quadrilateral with two parallel sides and a third side which is perpendicular to the parallel sides. The fourth side slants in relation to the opposite side. The fender element 5 is fixed to the side members 1 on the side which is perpendicular to the two parallel sides. A cross section through the fender element 5, perpendicular to the hull, results in similar shape to that described above. In this cross section, however, the side which is perpendicular to the two parallel sides of the quadrilateral faces a vertical plane which is parallel to the main plane through the side member 1 and the steps 2. The resulting shape of the fender elements 5 enables the device to hang in a stable position down the side of the hull, and provides a device which may equally successfully be used with hulls of various freeboard types. Figures 2a, b and c show the device used as ladder and fender with hulls of various freeboard designs. To obtain a constantly horizontal direction for the steps, independently of the slope of the freeboard, it is sufficient to displace the device forward or backward from the centre of the hull. Figure 4 illustrates how a device can be extended with a ladder identical to the ladder element of the device, and thus combines into a safety ladder or bathing ladder. Connecting several elements together as shown on the figure, results in an embarkation ladder for large boats. Every other element of the embarkation ladder is a device of the present invention functioning as a spacer between the ladder and the hull of the boat, thus ensuring an adequate depth of step for the saf ty of the users. Several figures illustrate that the steps 2 of the device are provided with one or more through slots 7. The slot 7 provides increased safety with an improved handgrip. This is of particular importance when the ladder is used as a safety ladder, an embarkation ladder, a bathing ladder and as a life-buoy. In addition, the steps 2 are provided with grooves 8 to further improve handgrip and foothold. The fender elements 5 have sufficient buoyancy in water to enable the device to serve as a life-buoy.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender for boats, with at least one fender element, side members and steps c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the device consists of two parallel side members (1) in between which at least two separate steps (2) parallel to each other are provided, and having a fender element (5) attached to each side member (1). 2. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the cross section of the fender element (5) in two vertical planes at right angles to each other results in a shape approximating that of a quadrilateral where to sides of different lengths are parallel to each other while the third side is perpendicular to each of the parallel sides, with the fourth side slanting in relation to the opposite side. 3. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of the previous claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the fender elements (5) are designed so that a plane tangent to both fender elements (5) on one side of the side members (1) is parallel to the main plane through the side members (1) and the steps (2), while a plane tangent to the fender elements (5) on the opposite side of the main plane of the device makes an angle with the main plane. AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 20 January 1993 (20.01.93); new claims 4-6 added; other claims unchanged (1 page)] 1. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender for boats, with at least one fender element, side members and steps characterized in that the device consists of two parallel side members (1) in between which at least two separate steps (2) parallel to each other are provided, and having a fender element (5) attached to each side member (1). 2. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the fender element (5) in two vertical planes at right angles to each other results in a shape approximating that of a quadrilateral where to sides of different lengths are parallel to each other while the third side is perpendicular to each of the parallel sides, with the fourth side slanting in relation to the opposite side. 3. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of the previous claims, characterized in that the fender elements (5) are designed so that a plane tangent to both fender elements (5) on one side of the side members (1) is parallel to the main plane through the side members (1) and the steps (2), while a plane tangent to the fender elements (5) on the opposite side of the main plane of the device makes an angle with the main plane. 4. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of claim 1, characterized in that to each side member (1) is attached an additional side member (1) with two parallel steps (2) in between said side members so as to provide a ladder (1,2) which is rotationally attached to said device and can be rotated so as to be parallel to said device. 5. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of claim 4, characterized in that more than one ladder (1,2) and more than one device can hang rotationally after one another. 6. A device for use as a combined ladder and fender of claims 1,3, 4 and 5, characterized in that the steps (2) are provided with a recess which is longitudinally parallel to said steps (2) to improve handgrip on said steps (2).

Inventors: ANDREASSEN LEIF, ANDREASSEN, LEIF
Applicants: ANDREASSEN LEIF, ANDREASSEN, LEIF
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B63B59
IPC codes: B63B27, E02B3