Radial tire

Abstract: The present invention provides a radial tire comprising a tread rubber, wherein the tread rubber has the claimed relation between a viscoelasticity (tan δ) peak temperature (Tg) and α value. The radial tire is suitable for passenger cars equipped with an anti-lock braking system.

Description: The present invention relates to a radial tire for passenger cars. Particularly, it relates to a radial tire for passenger cars having an anti-lock braking system. In a conventional braking system, on a road surface having low friction coefficient, such as an ice surface, the tires on a car lock immediately when the brakes are applied and the car becomes out of control. This is extremely dangerous. An anti-lock braking system (ABS), which has been employed since 1978, is a mechanical or electrical system in which the brakes are loosened as soon as the tires lock. The ABS can safely stop cars under any road conditions without disturbing the car. As described above, the ABS is essentially different from conventional braking systems and, therefore, the development of novel tires which correspond to the latest ABS development have recently been required. Further, in order to improve the running performance (e.g. braking, driving and turning properties), it is necessary to improve the tire according to a type of car (particularly, the performance of the car), and in addition to improve the tire according to the braking system as described above. For example, it is necessary to develop each tire so that it is suitable for a sports car having a light body and high horsepower, a truck having a lower horsepower regardless of its heavy body respectively. However, in the development of such tires, particularly in the development of the tread rubber which greatly contributes to the properties of the tires, little consideration has been given to satisfying the performance of the car, except for cars which are intended for special use. Actually, in order to balance grip properties, ride comfort and wear resistance some rubbers are mixed to find a compromise point at the sacrifice of the properties of each rubber. We have already suggested a radial tire having optimum properties which are suitable for the performance of the car (Japanese Kokai Publication 3-239603 corresponding to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 653,561), but, maximum anti-lock braking property was not achieved. EP-A-0 443 762 relates to a radial tire suitable for passenger cars and is comprised in the state of the art by virtue of Article 54(3) EPC. We have now developed a radial tire which shows maximum anti-lock braking properties and has optimum properties which are suitable for the performance of the car. According to the present invention, there is provided a car or light truck equipped with an anti-lock braking system comprising a radial tire comprising a tread rubber and side walls, wherein the tread rubber has the following relation between a viscoelasticity ( tan δ ) peak temperature (Tg) and α value; -50 < Tg < -20 10.7 α - 58 < Tg < 22.9 α - 48 wherein Tg is obtained from a viscoelasticity ( tan δ ) temperature distribution curve which is determined using a viscoelastic spectrometer at a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 10 %, an amplitude of ± 0.25 % and a temperature elevating rate of 2 °C/min, and α is obtained from an equation represented by Engine output x 10 Body weight + 60 wherein the Engine output is a net value in ps unit and the body weight is the weight of an empty car in Kg and wherein the tread rubber does not include either an emulsion polymerized styrene butadiene rubber having a vinyl content in the butadiene portion thereof of 18 wt.% or a solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber having a vinyl content in the butadiene portion thereof of 35 wt.%. In the present invention, by using an a value represented by the above equation (3) as the index of the properties of the car, the car is classified. In general, a car which has a high α value is a sports car having a high horsepower and a light body, and a car which has a low α value is a vehicle having a heavy body regardless of horsepower, e.g. an estate car or a light truck. The viscoelasticity temperature distribution curve used in the present invention may be obtained using a viscoelastic spectrometer (manufactured by Iwamoto Seisakusho K.K.; VES F-III type). The test is carried out at a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 10 %, an amplitude of ± 0.25 % and a rate of increasing temperature of 2 °C/min. Further, Tg indicates the viscoelasticity ( tan δ ) peak temperature. In the present invention, Tg should satisfy the above relation according to the α value. If Tg is more than the upper limit of the formula (2), the bracking property of ABS is inferior and, therefore, it is not preferred. If Tg is more than the upper limit of the formula (1), controlling ability over grip limit and riding comfort deteriorate and, therefore, it is not preferred. Further, if Tg is less than the lower limit of the formula (2) or (1), the grip properties of the tire can not follow the horsepower of the car, which results in deterioration of driving and braking properties (under dry condition) and, therefore, it is not preferred. A method for producing the tread rubber of the present invention is known to persons skilled in the art. However, the adjustment of the above physical properties can be conducted by appropriately selecting rubber components, crosslinking agents, amounts of the crosslinking agents, vulcanizing time and other additives. Examples of the rubber component suitable for the tread rubber of the present invention include styrene butadiene copolymer rubber and high vinyl butadiene rubbers, such as 1,2-butadiene rubber, obtained by solution polymerization, 3,4-isoprene rubber, isoprene butadiene copolymer rubber, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, or a mixture thereof, but exclude an emulsion polymerized styrene butadiene rubber having a vinyl content in the butadiene portion thereof of 18 wt.% or a solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber having a vinyl content in the butadiene portion thereof of 35 wt.%. As the reinforcing material of the rubber composition, carbon black is normally used. The carbon black preferably has a particle size of 15 to 35 µm. When the particle size is less than 15 µm, the exothermic heat and rolling resistance deteriorate and, therefore, it is not preferred. When the particle size is more than 35 µm, the wear resistance and grip properties deteriorate. As described above, the radial tire using the tread rubber of the present invention can show maximum anti-lock braking property in a car equipped with ABS. Further, the radial tire of the present invention is suitable for a car having the properties which are indicated by the α value. The following Examples and Comparative Examples further illustrate the present invention in detail but are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof. In the Examples and Comparative Examples, all "parts" and "percents" are by weight unless otherwise stated. Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 A tread rubber composition was prepared from the ingredients as shown in Table 1 and then formed into a tire. Side rubbers and the other elements of the tire are common in all tires. The Tg value of the tread rubber is shown in Table 1 and, further, brake index, running stability and riding comfort are evaluated and the results are shown in Table 1. Example 2 is not in accordance with the present invention. As is clear from Table 1, in a conventional locking brake, the larger the Tg value, the better the results. By using in combination with ABS, the Tg value was improved at the temperature range of -50 to -20 °C. Further, it has been found that there can exist optimum Tg value to the α value of the car and the tread rubber having optimum Tg value is superior in running stability and riding comfort. Ingredients Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comp. Example 1 Comp. Example 2 Rubber NR 100 - - - - Oil extended SBR 137.5 137.5 - 137.5 Oil extended high-cis BR - - - 137.5 _ ISAF carbon 90 90 90 90 90 Aroma oil 50 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 Wax 2 2 2 2 2 Antioxidant 2 2 2 2 2 Stearic acid 2 2 2 2 2 Zinc white 3 3 3 3 3 Sulfur 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 Vulcanization accelerator 1 1 1 1 1 Tg ( tan δ peak temperature, °C) -47 -30 -20 -76 -6 Brake index of ABS car 114 110 108 91 100 Brake index of non ABS car 87 92 99 71 100 Total evaluation of running properties and riding comfort α = 1.5 (passenger car A) 2.5 3.5 4 1.5 3 α = 1.0 (passenger car B) 3 3.5 3 2 2.5 α = 0.5 (estate car C) 4 3 2.5 2.5 2

Claims: A car or light truck equipped with an anti-lock brake system comprising a radial tire comprising a tread rubber, wherein the tread rubber has the following relation between a viscoelasticity ( tan δ ) peak temperature (Tg) and α value; -50 < Tg < -20 10.7 α - 58 < Tg < 22.9 α - 48 wherein Tg is obtained from a viscoelasticity ( tan δ ) temperature distribution curve which is determined using a viscoelastic spectrometer at a frequency of 10 Hz, an initial strain of 10 %, an amplitude of ± 0.25 % and a temperature elevating rate of 2 °C/min, and α is obtained from an equation represented by Engine output x 10 Body weight + 60 wherein the Engine output is a net value in ps unit and the body weight is the weight of an empty car in Kg and wherein the tread rubber does not include either an emulsion polymerized styrene butadiene rubber having a vinyl content in the butadiene portion thereof of 18 wt.% or a solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber having a vinyl content in the butadiene portion thereof of 35 wt.%. A car or light truck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tread rubber of the radial tire is natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butadiene copolymer rubber, 3,4-isoprene rubber, isoprene butadiene copolymer rubber or 1,2-butadiene rubber, or mixtures thereof. A car or light truck tire as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the tread rubber of the radial tire is reinforced with carbon black. A car or light truck tire as claimed in claim 3 wherein the carbon black reinforcing the tread rubber has a particle size in the range of from 15 to 35 µm.

Inventors: SAITO YUICHI, WATANUMA SUSUMU, SAITO, YUICHI, WATANUMA, SUSUMU
Applicants: SUMITOMO RUBBER IND, SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B60C1
IPC codes: B60C1, B60C11