Dosing pump

Abstract: Dosing pumping of liquid-state contents for e.g. packaging containers results in a varying rate of flow in the product pipe, which entails pressure shocks which must at some stage be reduced with the aid of further devices, e.g. compensation vessels or the like. One way of pumping a pumpable product by means of a dosing pump unit (1) entails that two individually driven pump chambers (2, 3), which are connected with a common outlet (6), are controlled in such a way that the suction phases of the pump chambers overlap each other so that the total inflow to the pump unit is maintained constant. A pump unit to make this possible comprises two pump chambers (2, 3) which have a common in- and outflow (5, 6), which are controlled by a rotable valve body (4), whose inlet passage (18) surrounds such a large part of the circumference that it at the same time connects the inlet (5) with the pump chambers (2, 3).

Description: The present invention concerns a pump unit with two pump chambers, each of which contains a movable wall, which is individually drivable in a backwards and forwards movement, whereby said pump chambers have a common inlet and a common outflow and also a common control in the form of a rotatable valve body with two passages, connecting the two pump chambers alternately with the common inlet and with the common outflow With regular dispensing of a pumpable product by means of e.g. a piston pump an intermittent flow unavoidably arises in the pipe leading to the pump. This entails that pressure shocks arise in the pipe. With fast, regular dispensing of a product these pressure shocks can become very powerful and entail such serious damage to the pipe and its suspension that leakage arises. A method for avoiding the abovementioned problem is presented in CH-A-617 752, where a pump with two pistons and pump chambers with a common control valve is arranged to be driven in such a way, that the suction phases of the pump chambers partly overlap each other, thus avoiding pressure shocks in the inlet pipe. A similar arrangement is shown in CH-A-516 084. A typical area where dosing pumps in the form of piston pumps often occur is within the packaging industry, more closely defined in those filling machine which are used for filling bottles or packaging containers with liquid-state contents, e.g. various dairy products such as milk, sour milk and yoghurt, or soups. Since packaging machines of this kind often work at high speed, pressure shocks in the pipe are a serious problem. The usual way of solving this is to provide the pipe with some form of pressure compensation device. In practice a tank is used or a level vessel in the form of a closed tank which is series-connected to the pipe and sometimes balanced with the aid of pressurised gas. The level in the tank is allowed to vary within certain limits and in this way pressure shocks between the pump and the tank can be compensated so that they do not spread any further to the pipe. Even if the use of a compensation tank avoids the problem with pressure knocks other problems are created instead, especially when the technique with a compensation tank is employed within the food industry, since the tank constitutes an irregularity in the pipe which thereby becomes difficult to wash in a satisfactory manner. With the type of packaging system that aseptically packages sterile foods it is in practice impossible to wash and sterilise the tank in a rational manner, at any rate when several highly viscous products or products containing particles, e.g. soups, are to be packaged. A system with a compensation tank, which may also be provided with devices for being pressurised with inert gas, is in addition very expensive, particularly if it has to be made in a washable and sterilisable manner. With fast packaging machines where a number of dosing pumps are used the costs are increased and the difficulties also to a corresponding degree. An aim of the present invention is to provide a pump which avoids the abovementioned problems and which is especially suited for use within the packaging industry, in particular for aseptic handling of viscous products. A further aim of the present invention is to provide a pump unit which, without causing pressure shocks in the pipe, makes possible fast and accurate volumetric dispensing of pumpable products of varying type and viscosity. A further aim of the present invention is to provide a pump unit with a construction which gives high safety of operation and makes possible good cleaning and sterilising. These and other aims have been achieved by the invention as defined in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of a pump unit according to the invention have further been given the characteristics which can be seen from the sub-claims. A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention will now be described more closely with particular reference to the enclosed schemati drawings, which only show the details essential for understanding the invention. Figure 1 shows from the side and partly in section a pump unit according to the present invention. Figures 2 A, B and C show schematically a part of a pump unit according to the invention in different working positions. Figures 3 A, B and C illustrate in diagram form the pumping method according to the invention. The preferred embodiments of a pump unit 1 according to the invention which is shown in figure 1 are intended to be used together with a packaging machine of the type which fills previously wholly or partly prepared, fillable packaging containers with the desired amount of contents. The contents, which can be of varying viscosity and possibly even contain particles of e.g. meat, are dispensed at even intervals in the form of volumetrically dosed portions into packaging containers, which are moved forward in time with the work of the pump unit. The pump unit 1 shown in figure 1 has two pump chambers 2, 3, which are arranged in front of each other in a common plane. The pump chambers have between them a rotable control 4 (in the form of a rotating body), which is arranged to connect the pump chambers 2, 3 with a sideways facing inlet 5 and a downwards facing outlet 6. The pump unit, which is mainly made of stainless steel, further contains drive and control organs of types which are in themselves known. Each one of the pump chambers 2, 3 situated in front of each other contains a backwards and forwards going wall in the form of a roller membrane 7, which bears against the front end of a pump piston 8. The pump chambers 2, 3 are cylindrical and situated partly in a valve housing 9, partly in a pump housing 10. The pump housing 10 is so connected with the valve housing 9 that the pump pistons 8 in operation move backwards and forwards between a forward end position (the left piston shown in the pump chamber 3 in fgure 1) in which the piston is partly inside the valve housing 9 and a rear end position (the right pump piston 8 which is in the pump chamber 2 in figure 1), in which the pump piston is in the part of the pump chamber 2 situated in the pump housing 10. The position of the end positions can be varied, which will be explained more closely below, and the flexibility and shape of the roller membrane 7 are therefore selected so that the piston movements are not hindered. The roller membrane 7, which is preferably manufactured from fabric-sheathed silicon rubber, is attached with its periphery between the valve housing 9 and the pump housing 10, which is screwed tight to the outside of the valve housing 9 by means of bolts not shown. The roller membrane 7 is also connected to the topside of the pump piston 8. In pump units intended for food and in particular such foods as are previously sterilised and must be packaged aseptically it is appropriate to provide each pump piston 8 with double roller membranes, of which one is situated as shown on the pump piston 8's front surface, and the other is situated on the pump piston's other side, i.e. the piston rod side. In order to ensure movement and guarantee that contaminations cannot pass the membrane the space between these can also be subjected to a vacuum in a manner in itself known, with the vacuum able to be constantly or periodically monitored so as to give indication immediately if membrane leakage occurs. The pump piston 8 to be found in each pump chamber 2, 3 is like the pump chamber mainly cylindrical and manoeuvrable backwards and forwards with the aid of a piston rod 11, whose opposite end is connected to a drive organ, e.g an individually controlled electric servo-motor 20, i.e. a type of permanent-magnet or brushless DC motor. The servo-motor 20's rotating movement is converted via a movement converter 21, e.g. a ball screw, to a linear movement acting on the piston rod 11. The servo-motor 20 can be of the type well known to the technical person, which with the aid of electric regulators can be controlled so that it rotates in any desired direction and with any desired number of revolutions or parts of revolutions. In this way the movement of the pump piston 8 can be varied within wide limits as far as concerns its speed, stroke and selection of end position. Each pump piston 8 can in addition have a completely individual movement pattern, which can be controlled by a suitable data programme. As mentioned, the two pump housings 10 are situated on opposite sides of and linked with the valve housing 9 so that they are in front of each other, with the two pump pistons 8 moving not only in a common plane, but also along a common centre axis. Between the two pump housings 10 there is on this centre axis the control 4, which has the form of a rotable, truncated conical valve body, whose axis of rotation is vertical and crosses the common centre axis of the pump pistons 8 at right angles. The control or valve body 4 is manoeuvrable by means of a valve shaft 12, which extends vertically upwards through a top wall 13 of the valve housing 9. The upper end of the valve shaft 12 is to the desired extent turnable or rotable with the aid of a control motor 14, and also axially displaceable by means of a lifting motor 15. The control motor 14 can be of electric or pneumatic type and act on the valve shaft 12 e.g. via a worm gear arrangement or rack and pinion, while the lifting motor 15 is preferably a pneumatic ram and cylinder unit, whose stroke only amounts to about 10-20 mm. The valve body 4 is provided at its upper end with a cylindrical bearing surface 16, by means of which the valve body bears against the corresponding cylindrical bearing surface in the upper part of the valve housing 9, through which the turning or rotating movement of the valve body 4 is stabilised and transverse movements are avoided. The lower end of the valve body 4 exhibits a conical sealing surface 17, which bears against a corresponding conical surface in the lower end of the valve housing 9. The valve body 4 can be made of stainless steel which, in order to give the unit the desired length of life, is exposed to some suitable hardening surface treatment or possibly partly replaced by hard ceramic low-friction material. Various suitable types of material are well known to the specialist and can be selected depending on the desired life, pumped product, etc. As an alternative to the described bearing surfaces of the valve body 4 and the valve housing 9 it is also possible to keep the valve body 4 in a correct radial position by means of bearings on the upper part of the valve shaft 12 (not shown in the drawings). With this construction the wear on the valve surfaces can be minimized. It also becomes possible to adjust the radial play between the valve body 4 and the valve housing 9 by simply adjusting the axial position of the valve body 4. A screw-device for such axial adjustment can be fitted at the upper end of the valve shaft 12. Such a device is however known in itself and therefore not illustrated here. The radially arranged inlet 5 of the valve housing 9 extends through the wall of the valve housing 9 as far as the conical cut-out where the valve body 4 is situated. At the corresponding height the vertically mounted valve body 4 exhibits an inlet passage 18, which has the form of a horizontal (transverse) mainly U-shaped slot extending through an upper part of the valve body 4 and situated with its upper part at the same height as or higher than the upper part of the pump cylinder, which guarantees that any gas that may be found in the cylinder can flow out freely so that internal air pockets are avoided. The slot's ends come out at diametrically opposite sides of the valve body. This is illustrated more clearly in the schematic figure 2, where it can be seen how the inlet passage 18 encloses an angle of more than 180° of the peripheral surface of the valve body 4. Through the placing of the inlet passage 18 mainly in the upper part of the conical valve body 4 there is space in the lower part of the valve body for an outlet passage 19, one end of which has the form of an oval, vertically extending orifice, whose height mainly accords with the diameter of the pump chamber 2 and therewith in the vertical plane occupies the whole free surface of the conical part of the valve body 4 turned towards the pump chamber 2. Since the orifice extends downwards to or below the bottom part of the pump cylinder the pump is, when it is placed in the intended manner, i.e. with the pump cylinders horizontal, completely self-draining, which like the previously mentioned freedom from air pockets is of great importance from the standpoint both of hygiene and accuracy. The outlet passage extends from the aforesaid opening mainly 45° downwards towards the lower end of the valve body 4, where it goes over into the mainly vertically (axially) extending cylindrical outlet 6. The outlet 6 is connected to the packaging machine's filler pipe, i.e. the pipe via which the pumped product is taken to the packaging container which in the instance is to be filled. In a corresponding manner, in itself well known, the inlet 5 is connected via pipes (not shown in fig.) to a container or the like, in which the product which is to be packaged is contained. As mentioned previously both the two servo-motors 20 and the control motor 14 are connected with control and regulation devices of known type, which see to it that the movement pattern of the various parts and the times for their movements accord with a prearranged scheme, which e.g. can have the form of a computer programme. In order to control the movements and possibly use a feedback facility both the pump pistons 8 and the valve body 4 can of course work in conjunction with suitable position sensors, but this also is for the specialist a known technology which does not need to be described more closely in this connection. When the pump unit according to the invention is used with a packaging machine of known type it is placed so that the outlet 6 is given a natural continuation in a downwards extending filler pipe which is not shown, from which the product is dispensed into the packaging containers. If the pump unit is placed with the two pump chambers 2, 3 horizontal and with the centre axis of the valve body 4 vertical the pump is self-draining, which is of great importance both in pumping and in cleaning of the same. The pump's inlet 5 is connected to a contents tank or the like, which is conveniently situated at a slightly higher level than the pump unit itself. In larger installations it often happens that a number of packaging machines are fed with contents or product which is to be packaged from a common main pipe, and the inlet 5 from each pump unit is in that case of course connected to the aforesaid main pipe. Thanks to the fact that the pump unit according to the invention, in spite of the piston pumps' volumetric dosing dispensing, provides a non-varying, even flow in the inlet 5 the pump unit can be connected directly to the main pipe without any form of pressure compensating device, e.g. a level tank, needing to be used. Through this the washing of the equipment is considerably simplified, at the same time as it becomes possible to use the arrangement for previously sterilised products, since one can ensure through a simple steam sterilisation that all parts of the equipment's surfaces coming into contact with the contents are completely sterile. The manner of pumping a pumpable product in volumetric portions, with operation of the pump unit according to the invention, is illusrated schematically in figures 2 A, B and C where both the movements of the two pump pistons 8 and the different positions of the control or valve body 4 are shown. In figures 3 A, B and C the movements of the two pump pistons 8 are schematically shown in a corresponding manner and therewith the flow in the inlet 5 or outlet 6 as a function of the time. More closely defined, full lines illustrate the movement of the piston 8' shown on the left in figure 2, while dotted lines show the movements of the piston 8'' which is on the right in figure 2. It should be observed the the figures 2 and 3 only illustrate an alternative, preferred way of working, which of course can be varied, since both the two pump pistons 8 and the valve body 4 are driven individually with the aid of each one's own motor and in accordance with a prearranged programme. E.g. the rate of flow in the outlet can be varied within wide limits so as to be adapted to the type of contents which are to be filled, the time which is available or other parameters. This is possible without the invention's essential characteristic features being affected, i.e. that the suction phases of the pump chambers partly overlap each other, with the control simultaneously connecting the pump chambers to the inlet for part of the pumping process so that the resulting flow in the inlet 5 remains constant. In the step-by-step illustration of the pumping process according to the invention which is illustrated in the figures 2A, 2B and 2C it is shown in figure 2A how the left pump piston 8' executes a working stroke, i.e. moves from left to right so that contents which are in the accompanying pump chamber 2 are taken via the outlet passage 19 in the valve body 4 to the outlet 6 and further to the filler pipe in the packaging machine which is not shown. With the valve body 4 in the position shown in figure 2A the left pump chamber 2 is thus connected via the outlet passage 19 to the outlet 6, while the right pump chamber is given a connection via the inlet passage 18 to the inlet 5, which is connected in a manner not shown but previously described to a feed pipe for the contents. The pump piston 8'' shown on the right in figure 2A is moved in a return stroke, with which the contents are sucked from the feed pipe via the inlet 5 and the inlet passage 18 in the valve body 4 so that the pump chamber 2 belonging to the pump piston 8'' is successively filled with contents. The process illustrated in figure 2A is also shown schematically in figure 3A, with the said process taking place between the side points a and b in the diagram's horizontal time axis. From the full line curve illustrating the movement of the pump piston 8' it can be seen how the pump piston accelerates from its rear end position (point a in the diagram) to a constant speed (V₂), after which the speed of the pump piston 8' again decreases so that it is again zero at the pump piston's forward end position (b in the diagram). In the corresponding time the other piston 8'' has a lower, constant movement (V₁) from its forward end position to its rear one, and this movement also continues after moment b. Figure 2B shows the pump unit according to the invention at the moment when the control motor 14 has turned the valve body 4 via the valve axle 12 half-way from the position shown in figure 2A to that shown in figure 2C. The pump piston 8' has left its forward end position and begun its return stroke, at the same time as the pump piston 8'' has not yet fully concluded the return stroke begun in figure 2A. In the accompanying diagram (figure 3B) the full line illustrates how between the moments c and d the pump piston 8' is accelerated from its forward end position, in which it was situated after the conclusion of the previous pump stroke, to a constant speed with which the return stroke is effected. The return stroke of the pump piston 8'' in progress is broken off at the same time at moment c, and the movement of the pump piston 8'' comes successively to a standstill so as to have ceased completely at moment d. Between the two moments c and d the suction movements of the two pistons 8' and 8'' complement each other so that the total change of volume in the two pump chambers is as great as the change of volume in a single chamber during the attendant suction stroke of the pump piston. Since the valve body 4 between the moments c and d connects pump chamber 2 of the two pump pistons with the inlet 5, it is by this means ensured that the rate of flow in the inlet 5 and the accompanying pipe system remains constant in spite of the pump unit's portion-wise dispensing of contents via the outlet 6. In figure 2C the left pump piston 8' continues its suction stroke, while the opposing pump piston 8'' has now left its rear end position and begun its pump stroke. The valve body 4 has been turned to its opposite end position in relation to figure 2A, wherewith it connects the left pump chamber to the inlet 5 at the same time as the right pump chamber discharges into the outlet 6. In the accompanying diagram (figure 3C) this process is illustrated between moments d and e, wherewith it can be seen how the curve belonging to the pump piston 8' represents a straight line, i.e. the pump piston 8' has the aforesaid constant return speed (V₁) which gives a constant flow of product in the inlet 5. The dotted curve which illustrates the movement of the pump piston 8'' shows how this pump piston, after its stationary period in the rear end position, is accelerated to the speed (V₂) and thereafter retarded so that, when it reaches its forward end position, it again has zero speed, after which a new pump cycle is begun. A precondition for the two pump chambers 2, 3's overlapping suction phases to result in an even flow in the inlet 5 is of course that the control or valve body 4 is so shaped and manoeuvred that the connection between the two pump chambers and the inlet 5 is simultaneously maintained for a certain time. With the type of valve body 4 which is shown this can happen either through the valve body 4 as described being manoeuvred principally at constant speed between the two end positions (figure 2A and figure 2C respectively), or also through the valve body 4 being manoeuvred step-by-step between three positions, namely the two in figure 2A and figure 2C respectively and also an intermediate position, which corresponds to the momentary position shown in figure 2B, i.e. the position in which the connection between the two pump chambers 2, 3 and the inlet 5 is open to the maximum. Through suitable adaptation of the movement of the pump pistons 8', 8'' an even suction process in the inlet 5 can also be obtained in this manner. This step-by-step rotation of the valve body 4 offers the advantage that the flow path from the inlet 5 is open to the maximum for a certain time, which in pumping of contents which contain solid particles, e.g. bits of meat, berries or the like, can be an advantage since it makes possible pumping of particles with maximum size. A continuous rotating movement, however, gives a smoother work process, which should normally be preferred in pumping of a number of products which do not contain largish solid particles. The fact that the two pump chambers' suction phases overlap each other also gives an extended suction time, which reduces the necessary flow rate in the inlet 5 and thereby results in a surer and better filling of the pump chamber, which is a great advantage especially in pumping of highly viscous products with particles. The individual drive of the two pump pistons 8 and the selection of suitable end positions makes it possible to vary the pump volume during operation, which can be used in order to adapt the pump volume and thereby the degree of filling in the packaging containers after a weight check of the previously filled packaging containers has been made. The pump unit according to the invention should as previously mentioned be mounted with the two pump chambers' common centre axis in a horizontal position and with the axis of rotation of the valve body vertical, since this facilitiates the emptying of the pump unit when it e.g. has to be washed. The washing is done in a conventional manner, i.e. through the pump unit being able to pump a suitable cleaning fluid, e.g. lye. In addition to the normal pump movement the individual control of the two servo-motors 20 allows varying piston movements and varying end positions to be able to be selected, which gives a particularly effective cleaning of the roller membrane and the inside of the pump chambers. With the aid of the lifting motor 15 the valve body 4 can be lifted out of its position during the washing process so that the washing fluid can pass also between the sealing surface 17 of the valve body 4 situated at the bottom of it and the valve housing 9 and also between the other surfaces of the valve body 4 and the valve housing 9 normally bearing against each other. By this means e.g. the individual control of the servo-motors 20 can be used so as to give the two pump pistons 8 an opposing phase movement, through which the cleaning fluid's rate of flow can be varied within wide limits so that an effective and sure cleaning of the inside of the pump unit can be guaranteed. After the conclusion of the cleaning the cleaning fluid can, owing to the pump's self-draining shape, run out via outlet 6, after which the valve body 4 is again lowered to its working position and the pump unit is set for normal operation. If necessary a sterilisation with steam or any other sterilising medium, e.g. hydrogen peroxide in vapour or gas form, can be undertaken after the washing process itself. The pump unit according to the invention thus make it possible, in spite of volumetrically dosed pumping, to provide a constant product flow in the pump's feed pipe, so that pressure shocks are completely avoided. By this means also the need for pressure compensation devices is eliminated, which makes possible an accurate washing and sterilisation of the whole product channel from the product tank to the packaging machine's filler pipes dicharging into the packaging containers.

Claims: Pump unit with two pump chambers (2, 3), each of which contains a movable wall, which is individually drivable in a backwards and forwards movement, whereby said pump chambers (2, 3) have a common inlet (5) and a common outflow (6) and also a common control in the form of a rotatable valve body (4) with two passages (18,19) connecting the two pump chambers (2, 3) alternately with the common inlet (5) and with the common outflow (6) characterized by the fact that the inlet passage (18), enclosing a part of the circumference of the valve body (4), is arranged to be able to connect the inlet (5) with the two pump chambers (2, 3) simultaneously during an interval in which the movable wall of one pump chamber has begun its return or suction stroke and the movable wall of the other pump chamber is about to conclude its return or suction stroke, while the outlet passage (19) is exclusively connected with the respective pump chamber (2, 3) performing its forward or discharge stroke Pump unit according to patent claim 1, characterized by the fact that the wall is driven by a servo-motor (20). Pump unit according to patent claim 2, characterized by the fact that the servomotors (20) are controlled jointly. Pump unit according to one or more of the patent claims 1-3, characterized by the fact that two pump chambers (2, 3) are located with a common centre axis, with the valve body (4) being rotatable around an axis at an angle to said centre axis. Pump unit according to patent claim 4, characterized by the fact that the centre axis is horizontal and that the axis of rotation of the valve body (4) extends vertically. Pump unit according to one or more of the patent claims 1-5, characterized by the fact that the valve body (4) is a rotating body, in which the inlet passage (18) extends in a circumferential direction and encloses more than 180° of the valve body's peripheral surface. Pump unit according to patent claim 6, characterized by the fact that an outlet passage (19) extends through the valve body (4) with its one end in the peripheral surface and its other end in one end surface of the body. Pump unit according to patent claim 6 or 7, characterized by the fact that the valve body (4) is of truncated cone shape. Pump unit according to one or more of the patent claims 1-8, characterized by the fact that the discharging end of the inlet passage (18) in the peripheral surface of the valve body (4) has its upper part at the same height as or higher than the upper part of the pump chamber. Pump unit according to one or more of the patent claims 1-9, characterized by the fact that the discharging end of the outlet passage (19) in the peripheral surface of the valve body (4) extends downwards to or under the lowest part of the pump chamber.

Inventors: FINI ALBERTO, FONTANAZZI PAOLO, FINI, ALBERTO, FONTANAZZI, PAOLO
Applicants: TETRA LAVAL HOLDINGS & FINANCE, TETRA LAVAL HOLDINGS & FINANCE SA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B65B3
IPC codes: F04B7, B65B3, F04B11, F04B15