Process and device for preventing the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of gas in a pressure regulator

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and device to prevent the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of a gas in a pressure regulator, in which a gas pipe between a high pressure gas supply source 1 and a pressure regulator 2 for reducing the pressure of gas comprises a double pipe consisting of an inner pipe 3a and an outer pipe 3b, wherein a high pressure feed gas is caused to flow through the inner pipe and a heated inert gas through the outer pipe, thereby heating the high pressure feed gas. After sweeping the inner pipe, the inert gas is analysed (20) to detect the presence of even small traces of the high pressure gas which indicate a leak in the inner pipe (3a).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for preventing the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of gas in a pressure regulator. Description of the related art For doping gases in the manufacture of semiconductors, for instance, it is known to use diborane gas (B₂H₆) or a gas mixture of diborane gas and argon, nitrogen and/or silane gas. As shown on Fig. 1, such gas is usually stored under high pressure in a cylinder 1, for example pure diborane gas at about 30 bar and a mixed gas of diborane gas and argon at a higher pressure of 100 bar. At a feed installation, the pressure of said doping gas is reduced to several bars by the use of a pressure regulator 2. When the pressure of a high pressure gas, such as a doping gas, is reduced by a using a pressure regulator, said gas is cooled and might be at least partially liquefied because of its free expansion through the pressure regulator. This can generate some leaks out of the valve seal of the pressure regulator. This situation is known as a liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of gas which makes the working of a pressure regulator unsafe. As diborane gas or the like is a very poisonous gas, this kind of leakage can generate important-environmental problems. It has already been proposed in Japanese Patent Application Kokai N° 238,800/1989, a solution to this leakage problem as represented on Fig. 2 : a gas pipe 3 connecting a gas cylinder 1 containing said doping gas and a pressure regulator 2 is heated by a heating device 4 provided around said gas pipe 3. This heating device 4 is controlled by an automatic controller 5 which controls the heat transferred to the gas pipe 3 so that the feed gas is heated in the heating device 4. This feed gas is heated at a temperature which is such that the temperature of the gas at outlet 7 after expansion through the pressure regulator 2 is at least equal to or greater than the temperature of the feed gas in the pipe 3 before heating by said device 4. As a result, the temperature of the feed gas from the gas cylinder 1 is made almost equal to that of the gas at the gas outlet 7 of the pressure regulator 2, thereby preventing the liquefaction-leakage of the feed gas. In such a conventional device, however, it is difficult to carry out the temperature control of the gas pipe 3, i.e. the temperature of the feed gas by the heating device 4. It is furthermore difficult to detect whether the feed gas leaks from the gas pipe 3 through pin holes formed by corrosion. The present invention is intended to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for preventing the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of a gas in a pressure regulator wherein the gas pipe between the high pressure gas supply source and the pressure regulator for reducing the pressure of said gas comprises a double pipe consisting of an inner pipe and an outer pipe, wherein the high pressure gas from the high pressure gas supply source is caused to flow through the inner pipe and a heated gas is caused to flow through the outer pipe, or vice-versa, whereby the temperature drop of the high pressure gas through the pressure regulator due to its free expansion in the pressure regulator is at least partly compensated to prevent the liquefaction-leakage of the same high pressure gas, while detection means are provided to the presence of high pressure gas in the heated gas extracted from the outer pipe, thereby detecting the leakage of the same high pressure gas from the inner pipe, or vice-versa. It also relates to a process to prevent the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of a gas in an expansion device wherein a high pressure gas flows through a pipe (3) from a source (1) to said expansion device (2) to reduce the pressure of said gas to a lower pressure, said pipe (3) comprising an inner pipe (3a) in which said high pressure gas flows and an outer pipe (3b) in which a heated gas flows, or vice-versa, in order to heat said high pressure gas, whereby the temperature drop of the high pressure gas through the expansion device (2) is at least partly compensated to prevent the liquefaction/leakage of the same and said process further comprising a detection step wherein the heated gas after sweeping the pipe through which the high pressure gas flows is analyzed to detect the presence of said high pressure gas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention is represented schematically on Fig. 3. According to the present invention, as shown on Fig. 3, the double pipe 3 consists of an inner pipe 3a and an outer pipe 3b. A high pressure feed gas such as a doping gas from a gas cylinder 1 is caused to flow through the inner pipe 3a and a heated inert gas such as nitrogen gas flows from one end of the outer pipe 3b toward the other end thereof, or vice-versa, whereby the inner pipe 3a, i.e. the doping gas flowing therein is heated at a given temperature. Further, the nitrogen gas extracted from the other end of the outer pipe 3b is passed through a detector 10 to detect the presence of doping gas mixed with the nitrogen gas. While it might be preferable to have the inert gas (nitrogen, argon, helium, xenon, etc...) flowing countercurrent to the flow of the high pressure doping gas, co-current flowing is also possible. The temperature of the inert gas is controlled (and the flowrate too) to maintain the inner pipe and the high pressure gas at a temperature sufficient to avoid any liquefaction of said gas by expansion through said pressure regulator. This temperature depends on the liquefaction temperature of said high pressure gas at the considered pressure. The man skilled in the art will determine according to its safety goals to avoid leaks, how much he needs to heat the high pressure gas in order to minimize or avoid the risk of liquefaction of said high pressure gas by expansion through the pressure regulator. In addition, the reference numeral 8 represents spacers inserted between the inner pipe 3a and the outer pipe 3b. The material for the spacer will be selected among those which have heat insulating and/or rigidity properties and which can withstand the required temperature of the inert gas. It is also possible in circumstances where leaks in the inner pipe do not exist or are otherwise prevented to use the shrouding gas only for the purpose of heating the high pressure gas. In this case, said gas will not be necessarily inert. The device for preventing the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of gas in a pressure regulator according to the present invention is much advantageous, because of the aforementioned constitution. Namely, the temperature of the doping gas flowing through the inner pipe 3a can be controlled with accuracy by controlling the temperature of the heated nitrogen gas flowing through the outer pipe 3b, whose temperature is very easily regulated at an optional value by a conventional known means, whereby the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of the same doping gas due to its free expansion in the pressure regulator can be avoided. Furthermore the leakage of the doping gas from the inner pipe 3a can be easily detected by detecting whether the doping gas is mixed in the inert gas. Thus, the aforementioned danger in the prior art can be easily prevented. According to another embodiment of the invention, the high pressure (doping) gas can flow in the outer pipe while the inert gas flows through the inner pipe. The same liquefaction-leakage phenomenon can appear through any expansion device and the invention not only applies to pressure regulator but to any expansion device where leaks might occur.

Claims: A device for preventing the liquefaction-leakage phenomenon of a gas in a pressure regulator, in which the gas pipe (3) between a high pressure gas supply source (1) and a pressure regulator (2) for reducing the pressure of gas comprises a double pipe (3) consisting of an inner pipe (3a) and an outer pipe (3b), wherein the high pressure gas from the high pressure gas supply source (1) is caused to flow through the inner pipe (3a) and a heated gas is caused to flow through the outer pipe (3b), or vice-versa, whereby the temperature drop of the high pressure gas through the pressure regulator (2) due to its free expansion in the pressure regulator (2) is at least partly compensated to prevent the liquefaction-leakage of the same high pressure gas while detection means (10) are provided to detect the presence of high pressure gas in the heated gas extracted from the outer pipe (3b), thereby detecting the leakage of the same high pressure gas from the inner pipe (3a), or vice-versa. A device according to claim 1, further comprising means for controlling the temperature of the heated gas. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heated gas is an inert gas. A device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heated gas is nitrogen. A process to prevent the liquefaction-leakage phenomemon of a gas in an expansion device wherein a high pressure gas flows through a pipe (3) from a source (1) to said expansion device (2) to reduce the pressure of said gas to a lower pressure, said pipe (3) comprising an inner pipe (3a) in which said high pressure gas flows and an outer pipe (3b) in which a heated gas flows, or vice-versa, in order to heat said high pressure gas, whereby the temperature drop of the high pressure gas through the expansion device (2) is at least partly compensated to prevent the liquefaction/leakage of the same and said process further comprising a detection step wherein the heated gas after sweeping the pipe through which the high pressure gas flows is analyzed to detect the presence of said high pressure gas. A process according to claim 5, wherein the heated gas is an inert gas, preferably nitrogen. A process according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the heated gas is circulated counter-current to the high pressure gas.

Inventors: YAMAMOTO RYOICHI, YAMAMOTO, RYOICHI
Applicants: TEISAN KK, TEISAN KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F17C13
IPC codes: F17C13, F17D5, G01M3, F17C7