Tampon applicator

Abstract: An insertion device (10) for inserting material (13) into a body cavity is provided. An elongate, tubular holder (12), shaped for insertion into the body cavity, is adapted to hold the material to be inserted. The holder (12) has a material expulsion end portion (14) and a plunger (20), which is telescopically and slidably mounted in the holder, which is adapted to expel the material from the holder when pushed manually into the holder. The holder, and preferably the plunger as well, comprises an outer paper layer (28) and a polymer layer, preferably a cellophane layer (30), adhered to the paper layer on its outer surface, the layer having adequate water resistance to maintain its integrity during insertion into the body cavity.

Description: The invention relates to an insertion device, e.g. a tampon applicator, formed from a paper laminate. Tampon applicators comprising a pair of telescopically arranged tubes are long known in the art. Some applicators have the tampon exposed at the end intended for vaginal insertion (the expulsion end). Others provide a rounded expulsion end, with the tampon covered by a plurality of "petals" which open during tampon expulsion. Properties considered when selecting a material for the applicator include slip characteristics of the outer sheet material's surface, for ease and comfort of the user during insertion of applicator, water resistance, flushability, delamination, biodegradability and aesthetic appearance. Applicators have long been manufactured by spirally winding a number of paper layers about a mandrel, gluing each layer to the previous one to form a tubular shape. One such applicator comprises two adjacent layers of ground wood paper and an outer layer of bleached Kraft paper, coated with a wax/clay coating. Known advantages of such laminated paper applicators are their ability to delaminate when exposed to water, thus making them flushable, and their greater biodegradability. Paper, however, is inferior to plastics in tampon applicators in several respects. Plastics have better slip characteristics and a glossier, more aesthetic appearance than conventional paper products. Additionally, it is difficult to form raised or indented areas in a paper tube without cracking, splitting or shearing, whereas plastic can easily be molded to a desired shape. Reference should be made to EP-A-0,066,213 which teaches the application of a polymeric coating to a paper applicator and similarly, BE-A-667,613 FR 2 536 989 and DE-A-1,491,59 make such a proposal. However, coated paper lacks formability and can tear easily during use. Furthermore, it is difficult to produce well-defined gripping formations on the applicator. Reference should also be made to US 3 204 635 and US 3 433 225 which disclose a polymeric laminated paper holder for tampon applicators like polyethylene laminated paper holder. We have discovered that a laminated paper insertion device, comprising telescopically disposed applicator tubes, can be greatly improved in a variety cf respects by adhering a layer of cellophane to the exterior surface of one or more of the applicator tubes, and providing the cellophane with moisture resistance, e.g., by coating it with a moisture resistant material such as nitrocellulose. The moisture-resistant cellophane provides improved slip characteristics, for ease of insertion and greater user comfort, and a more aesthetically pleasing product, all without loss of flushability (i.e., its ability to delaminate when placed in water) or biodegradability. In preferred embodiments, the paper layer immediately beneath the cellophane is a white paper, that works in conjunction with the smooth surface provided by the cellophane to provide the aesthetic appearance of the product. The improvement in appearance of the paper surface is such that the appearance approaches that of plastic applicators in smoothness and sheen. The insertion tube of the invention is suitable for use in a variety of applications, e.g. as a tampon applicator, or a device for the application of suppositories, creams or the like to the vaginal area or other body cavities. It is also preferred to use the new cellophane layer on the exterior surface of the inner tube, or plunger, of the applicator, for its use in that location reduces friction between the plunger and the outer tube of the applicator. Reduced friction between the tubes has been found to be important, for when the outer tube is squeezed tightly during insertion signficant frictional forces can develop between the plunger and outer tube, thus increasing insertion force. In another aspect of the invention, improved rings are embossed in a paper laminate applicator by adhering a polymer layer to the underlying paper material, and then embossing the laminated polymer/paper material. The polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellophane films, polyethylene films, polypropylene films, polyester films, polycaprolactone films and ethylene vinyl acetate films. The improved embossed rings have much greater definition than has been provided in conventional paper-laminate applicators. Preferably, the radius of curvature of the embossed rings is less than about 1.5 mm (0.060 inches), more preferably less than about 1.375 mm (0.055 inches), and most preferably less than about 1.25 mm (0.050 inches), and the height of the rings is preferably at least 0.25 mm (0.010 inches), and more preferably at least 0.375 mm (0.015 inches). The improved rings can be used to form a more positive finger grip on the exterior of the applicator and/or improved retention formations on the inner and outer tubes for preventing the tubes from inadvertently being separated during use. The invention can provide embossed formations (e.g., rings) that, if attempted in conventional paper applications, would tend to rip, shear, or otherwise damage the laminated paper. The invention permits outwardly embossed rings to be formed on the applicator tubes, something not conventionally found in paper applicators, and improves the overall ability of the paper to be worked, i.e. formed into petals, grooves and the like. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of a tampon applicator according to one embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of the applicator of Fig. 1, showing the petal-type expulsion end. Fig. 3 is a side view of the inner tube, or plunger, of the applicator shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the applicator of Fig. 1, taken along line 4-4. Fig. 5 is a highly enlarged, fragmentary view of detail 5 in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional side view of the applicator of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a side view of a tampon applicator according to another embodiment of the invention. Description of the Preferred Embodiments An applicator according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figs. 1-6. The applicator comprises tubular tampon holder 12 and plunger 20, telescopically and slidably mounted in holder 12. Tampon 13 is retained within tampon holder 12. Tampon holder 12 has two embossed rings 18 disposed circumferentially around its surface, distal to expulsion end 14. Expulsion end 14 comprises a plurality of petals 16. Preferably, a preformed hinge or groove 15 is disposed circumferentially at the base of the petals. Plunger 20 comprises nibs 22, which interlock with the inner surface of either of rings 18, to resist inadvertent separation of the plunger from the tampon holder. Interlocking is assisted by the interference fit (approximately 0.05 mm (0.002 inches) interference is preferred) between the nibs and a slight depression 21 which is formed on either side of the embossed ring during embossing. (See Fig. 5) While nibs 22 are shown, these could be replaced by raised areas of any desired shape, including continuous raised rings, provided the interlocking function is provided. Depressions 21 are typically formed inherently by the embossing process. However, if these depressions are not formed, or not desired, interlocking could be provided by an interference fit between the tampon holder and plunger which would cause nibs 22 to snap into rings 18 and interlock therewith. Fig. 4 illustrates, in cross-section, the layers of which tampon holder 12 is comprised: ground wood paper inner layers 24 and 26, bleached Kraft outer paper layer 28, and cellophane layer 30 disposed on the outer tube surface. Each of the layers is adhered to adjoining layers by adhesive, preferably a water-based adhesive, to allow the layers to delaminate when the applicator is exposed to water, thereby permitting the applicator to be disposed of by flushing. The water-based adhesive also preserves the biodegradability of the product. Suitable adhesives include, for example, dextrin and polyvinyl acetate, with polyvinyl acetate being preferred for its ability to resist delamination under humid storage conditions. Suitable polyvinyl acetate adhesives are commercially available from Findley Adhesives, Wauwatosa, WI. It is preferred that both the tampon holder and the plunger have the illustrated construction, although the plunger may be of a different material, e.g. plastic or wax-coated paper, if desired. Fig. 7 illustrates another type of tampon applicator in which the construction of the invention may be utilized. In this embodiment of the invention, tampon holder 112 is of the open-end type, such that tampon head 113 extends beyond the expulsion end of the holder tube. Three embossed rings 118 are provided to assure a positive grip. While two types of applicators have been shown in Figs. 1 and 7, the construction of the invention is useful in many types of applicators, including, e.g., closed-end compact and open-end regular applicators. The cellophane layer may be of any grade of cellophane so long as it has adequate water resistance to maintain its integrity and remain tack-free when used in the invention, i.e. adequate to withstand humid environments for long periods of time, and to withstand insertion into the vagina, without becoming tacky or dissolving. Accordingly, the term does not refer to pure regenerated cellulose which is free from any additives or coatings, for such material has extremely low water resistance. Suitable cellophanes may contain additives or surface coatings which impart water resistance, with surface coatings being preferred. Preferred water resistant coatings are selected from the group consisting of nitrocellulose and polyvinylidene chloride, with nitrocellulose preferred for its biodegradability. A nitrocellulose coated cellophane sheet is commercially available from Flexel, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Water resistance is typically measured in terms of Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR). It is preferred that the cellophane film have a WVTR of less than about 100 g/m 2 /day. It is preferred that the cellophane layer be thin relative to the paper layer. Preferably the thickness is less than about 0.05 mm (0.0020 inches), more preferably less than 0.0225 mm (0.0009 inches). It is preferred, for aesthetic reasons, that the outer paper layer be a white paper. Although any conventional white paper may be used, it is preferred that the paper be selected from the group consisting of bleached Kraft paper and bleached sulfite paper. If no other paper layer is to be utilized, the white paper will be selected to have adequate rigidity to provide structural strength to the finished tube for its use as a tampon applicator. The paper may contain additional optical brighteners, e.g. stilbene derivatives, and the like to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the laminate. The brighteners, and overall whiteness of the paper, work in conjunction with the gloss of the cellophane layer to greatly improve the aesthetic appearance of the resulting applicator. Preferred thicknesses for the outer paper layer are in the range of 0.0375 to 0.125 mm (0.0015 to 0.005 inches), more preferably 0.075 mm (0.003 inches). Because most papers have relatively low rigidity, multiple layers are preferably employed in both the tampon holder and plunger. Accordingly, in addition to the outer paper layer, it is preferred that the applicator further comprise at least one inner paper layer. It is preferred that each inner paper layer be an inexpensive, durable paper, e.g. ground wood paper. It is further preferred that two inner paper layers be provided. Preferred thicknesses for the inner paper layers are in the range of 0.05 to 0.175 mm (0.002 to 0.007 inches) for each layer, more preferably 0.15625 mm (0.00625 inches). Other polymers may be used in place of cellophane, although with loss of some of the unique advantages of cellophane for this application. A variety of thermoplastic polymers may be used. The polymers should be capable of being formed into a relatively thin sheet, and be themselves water-resistant or have a coating or additive which imparts water-resistance. Preferred polymers include but are not limited to cellophane, polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polycaprolactone, and ethylene vinyl acetate. Any conventional process can be used to form the tube, e.g. spiral or convolute winding of the individual layers, each layer on top of the previous layer about a common central axis. Spiral winding is generally preferred. It is also preferred that the seams formed in each layer during spiral winding be offset from the seams in other layers. These methods are well known to those skilled in the art. It is preferred that the embossed rings in the tampon holder be formed by embossing. While any conventional embossing technique can be utilized, a preferred method is to support the tubular tampon holder on a spinning central mandrel having circumferential ridges in its surface, and contact the surface of the tampon holder with a pair of rolling dies having indentations corresponding in shape to the ridges on the mandrel. It is also preferred that heat be employed during the embossing process to render the cellophane layer more malleable and thus enhance the formability of the paper. It is preferred that the embossed formations be in the form of rings around the circumference of the tampon holder, as illustrated in the figures. Preferably, the radius of curvature of the rings (R in Fig. 5) is less than about 1.5 mm (0.060 inches), more preferably less than about 1.375 mm (0.055 inches), and most preferably less than about 1.25 mm (0.050 inches). The height of the rings (H in Fig. 5) is preferably at least 0.010 inches, and more preferably at least 0.375 mm (0.015 inches). While preferred embodiments have been described above, other variations and modifications are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the outer paper layer need not be white. Colored paper may be utilized, if desired, provided the paper is compatible with the adhesive used to bond the layers together. Different numbers of gripping rings may be used, or the rings may be replaced with other embossed formations, e.g. dots, longitudinal ridges or ribs of varying dimensions.

Claims: A tampon applicator comprising an elongate tubular holder (12) shaped for vaginal insertion, adapted to contain a tampon, and having an expulsion end portion (14) and a gripping end portion (18) distal the expulsion end portion, and a plunger (20) telescopically and slidably mounted in the folder at the gripping end and adapted to expel the tampon from the holder when pushed manually into the holder, the holder comprising an outer polymer film layer laminated to an outer surface of an underlying paper layer, wherein the polymer film layer is a cellophane film layer (30) which has adequate water resistance to maintain its integrity and remain tack-free during insertion into the vagina. The tampon applicator of claim 1 wherein the cellophane film has a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of less than 100g/m 2 /day. The tampon applicator according to any of the preceding claims wherein the cellophane film further contains a water resistant coating typically selected from the group consisting of nitrocellulose and polyvinylidene chloride. The tampon applicator according to any of the preceding claims wherein the cellophane film is a nitrocellulose coated cellophane. The tampon applicator of any of the preceding claims wherein said polymer film layer is bonded to said underlying paper layer by an intermediate layer. The tampon applicator of claim 5 wherein said intermediate layer comprises an adhesive. The tampon applicator of any of the preceding claims wherein the outer surface of the polymer film layer has sheen. The tampon applicator of any of the preceding claims wherein said expulsion end portion is rounded and comprises a plurality of petals (16) which separate during expulsion. The tampon applicator of any of the preceding claims wherein said outer polymer film layer is bonded to said underlying paper by an adhesive that loses adhesion when said applicator is immersed in water, so that when said applicator is immersed in water said polymer film layer separates from said underlying paper layer. The tampon applicator of any of the preceding claims wherein said outer polymer film layer is bonded to said underlying paper layer by an adhesive, wherein the outer surface of the polymer film layer has sheen, and wherein said expulsion end portion is rounded and comprises a plurality of petals which separate during expulsion.

Inventors: ALBRIGHT MARK D, CAMPION TERESE A, DAVISON BETSY A, ALBRIGHT, MARK D., CAMPION, TERESE A., DAVISON, BETSY A.
Applicants: TAMBRANDS INC, TAMBRANDS, INC.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: A61F13
IPC codes: A61F13