Three-shaft type automatic transmission

Abstract: In a three-shaft type automatic transmission (M), a fifth frictionally engaging element (C₅) is mounted on a second central shaft (CS), and first and second frictionally engaging elements (C₁,C₂) and third and fourth frictionally (C₃,C₄) engaging elements are mounted respectively on first and third shafts (MS,SS>) which are disposed on opposite sides of the second shaft (CS). When one of the first and third shafts (MS,SS) is used as an input shaft, the second shaft (CS) is an output shaft. When one of the first and third shafts (MS,SS) is used as an output shaft, the second shaft (CS) is an input shaft. The first and second frictionally engaging elements (C₁,C₂) and the third and fourth frictionally engaging elements (C₃,C₄) on the opposite sides of the second shaft (CS) are symmetrically disposed to reduce dead space and make the transmission case small. Because the positional relationship between the input and output shafts can be transposed, the property of the transmission for general purpose is enhanced.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates to an automatic transmission designed to selectively establish a plurality of gear shift stages by fixing gears to a rotary shaft through frictionally engaging elements, and, more particularly, to a three-shaft type automatic transmission including a sub-shaft in addition to an input shaft and an output shaft. Description of the Prior Art There are conventionally known three-shaft type automatic transmission such as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. JP-A-175844/85. Such conventional three-shaft type automatic transmission includes an output shaft and a sub-shaft disposed in parallel on opposite sides of a central input shaft connected to an engine through a torque converter and is designed, so that any of first to fifth gear shift stages may be selectively established between the input shaft and the output shaft by means of two frictionally engaging elements mounted on the input shaft, two frictionally engaging elements mounted on the sub-shaft and one frictionally engaging element mounted on the output shaft. In such three-shaft type automatic transmission, however, the sub-shaft, having the two frictionally engaging elements, and the output shaft, having the one frictionally engaging element, are disposed on opposite sides of the central input shaft having two frictionally engaging elements. Therefore, the frictionally engaging elements, each having a relatively large size, are laid out unsymmetrically with respect to the central input shaft. For this reason, the internal space in the transmission case is not effectively utilized. Hence, it is difficult to reduce the size of the transmission case. Another problem is that it is impossible to freely change the positional relationship among the input shaft, the output shaft and the sub-shaft, thereby impairing the degree of freedom of layout when these shafts are mounted in a vehicle, and impairing a property for general purpose. The EP-A-0 328 377 discloses a three-shaft type automatic transmission according the preamble of claim 1. This transmission has only four gear ratios including only one clutch on the third shaft. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-shaft type automatic transmission having small size and excellent property for general purpose. To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect and feature of the present invention, there is provided a three-shaft type automatic transmission having a first shaft and a third shaft disposed in parallel on opposite sides of a second central shaft, comprising first and second gears relatively rotatably carried on the first shaft, first and second frictionally engaging elements capable of fixing the first and second gears to the first shaft, and a ninth gear secured to the first shaft; third and fourth gears relatively rotatably carried on the third shaft, third and fourth frictionally engaging elements capable of fixing the third and fourth gears to the third shaft, a tenth gear secured to the third shaft, fifth to eighth gears secured to the second shaft and meshed with the first to fourth gears, respectively, an eleventh gear relatively rotatably carried on the second shaft and meshed with the ninth and tenth gears, and a fifth frictionally engaging element capable of fixing the eleventh gear to the second shaft. With the first feature of the present invention, the number of gears mounted on the first and third shafts, disposed on the opposite sides of the second shaft, is the same as the number of frictionally engaging elements, and the arrangements of the gears on the first and second shafts and the gears on the third and second shafts are the same. Therefore, it is possible to dispose the gears and the frictionally engaging elements substantially symmetrically with respect to the second shaft. Consequently, an internal space in the transmission case is effectively utilized, thereby eliminating dead space in the transmission case and enabling reduction in size of the transmission case. Moreover, any one of the first to third shaft can be used as an input shaft, and any of said shafts can be used as an output shaft, leading to an increased degree of freedom of lay-out in the use of the automatic transmission and providing a high property for general purpose. In addition to the above first feature, a second feature of the present invention is that either one of the first and third shafts is an input shaft, and the second shaft is an output shaft. With the second feature, the first or third shaft, located at an outer side, can be used as an input shaft, and the second shaft, located centrally, can be used as an output shaft. In addition to the first feature, a third feature of the present invention is that the second shaft is an input shaft, and either one of the first and third shafts is an output shaft. With the third feature, the second shaft, located centrally, can be used as an input shaft, and the first or third shaft, located at an outer side, can be used as an output shaft. In addition to the first feature, a fourth feature of the present invention is that a gear shift drive, with the ninth to eleventh gears not lying in a power transmitting path from the input shaft to the output shaft, is a high speed gear shift drive, and a gear shift drive with the ninth to eleventh gears lying in the power transmitting path is a low speed gear shift drive. With the fourth feature, the number of gears used during cruising of the vehicle is reduced, thereby enabling both an improvement in specific fuel consumption and a reduction in gear noise. Further, in addition to the first feature, a fifth feature of the present invention is that a gear shift drive, established by engagement of the fifth frictionally engaging element, has a reduction gear ratio larger than 1. With the fifth feature, reduction gear trains, for establishing first and second low speed gear shift drives, can be utilized for a third gear shift drive, thereby enabling a reduction in the number of gears. The above and other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figs. 1 to 7 illustrate a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the entire automatic transmission; Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by 2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by 3 in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by 4 in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by 5 in Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a view taken along an arrow 6 in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the automatic transmission; and Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an automatic transmission of a second embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described by way of embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings. Referring to Figs. 1 to 7, illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention, a three-shaft type automatic transmission M for a vehicle comprises an input shaft Ms, Figs. 2 and 3, an output shaft Cs, Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, and a sub-shaft Ss, Figs. 4 and 5, which are disposed in parallel to one another. The output shaft Cs is supported at a central portion of a transmission case 1 through a ball bearing 2, Figs. 3 and 5, and a roller bearing 3, Fig. 4. The input shaft Ms is supported forwardly of the output shaft Cs through a pair of ball bearings 4, Fig. 3, and 5, Fig. 2, and the sub-shaft Ss is supported rearwardly of and above the output shaft Cs through a pair of ball bearings 6, Fig. 5, and 7, Fig. 4. Torque from an engine E, Fig. 7, is transmitted through a torque converter T, Figs. 2, 4 and 7, to the input shaft Ms, Figs. 2, 3, 6 and 7, and further from the output shaft Cs, Figs. 2-7, through a final drive gear 8, Figs. 2, 4, 7 and 8, a final driven gear 9, Figs. 7 and 8, and a differential D disposed rearwardly of the output shaft Cs to left and right wheels W L and W R . A first gear G₁, Fig. 3, and a second gear G₂, Figs. 2, 3, 7 and 8, are relatively rotatably carried on the input shaft Ms. The first gear G₁ is fixed to the input shaft Ms by a first frictionally engaging element C₁, Figs. 3, 7 and 8, serving as a fourth gear shift clutch, while the second gear G₂ is fixed to the input shaft Ms by a second frictionally engaging element C₂, Figs. 2, 3, 7 and 8, serving as a fifth gear shift clutch. The first and second frictionally engaging elements C₁ and C₂ are disposed back to back and contained in a widthwise central portion, Fig. 3, of the transmission case 1. A ninth gear G₉, Figs. 2, 4, 7 and 8, is fixed to the input shaft Ms for transmitting a forward driving force to the output shaft Cs and the sub-shaft Ss, Figs. 7 and 8. A third gear G₃, Figs. 4, 7 and 8, and a fourth gear G₄, Figs. 5, 7 and 8, are relatively rotatably carried on the sub-shaft Ss. The third gear G₃ is fixed to the sub-shaft Ss by a third frictionally engaging element C₃, Figs. 5, 7 and 8, serving as a first gear shift clutch, while the fourth gear G₄ is fixed to the sub-shaft Ss by a fourth frictionally engaging element C₄ serving as a second gear shift clutch. The third and fourth frictionally engaging elements C₃ and C₄ are disposed back to back and contained in a widthwise central portion of the transmission case 1 in an opposed relation to the first and second frictionally engaging element C₁ and C₂ on opposite sides of the output shaft Cs, respectively. A tenth gear G₁₀, Figs. 5, 7 and 8, to which the forward driving force is transmitted from the input shaft Ms, is also fixed to the sub-shaft Ss. Fixed to the output shaft Cs are a sixth gear G₆, Figs. 2, 5, 7 and 8, meshed with the second gear G₂ on the input shaft Ms, and a seventh gear G₇ and an eighth gear G₈ meshed with the third and fourth gears G₃ and G₄ on the sub-shaft Ss, respectively. A fifth gear G₅, Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 8, is also relatively rotatably carried on the output shaft Cs and meshed with the first gear G₁ on the input shaft Ms. The fifth gear G₅ is fixed to the output shaft Cs by a forward and backward movement switchover mechanism 10, Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 8. Further, an eleventh gear G₁₁, Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 8, is relatively rotatably carried on the output shaft Cs and meshed with the ninth gear G₉ on the input shaft Ms and the tenth gear G₁₀ on the sub-shaft Ss. The eleventh gear G₁₁, Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 8, is fixed to the output shaft Cs by a fifth frictionally engaging element C₅ serving as a third gear shift clutch. The fifth frictionally engaging element C₅ is disposed at an end of the output shaft Cs and covered by a side cover 11, Fig. 5, which closes an opening in the transmission case 1. The tenth and eleventh gears G₁₀ and G₁₁, Figs. 5, 7 and 8, have the same number of teeth, and the ninth gear G₉ has a number of teeth set smaller than those of the tenth and eleventh gears G₁₀ and G₁₁. Thus, a distance A₁, Figs. 7 and 8, between the input shaft Ms and the output shaft Cs is smaller than a distance A₂ between the output shaft Cs and the sub-shaft Ss, so that the rotation of the input shaft Ms is reduced in speed by the ninth and eleventh gears G₉ and G₁₁ and transmitted to the output shaft Cs or the sub-shaft Ss. A reverse drive gear 12, Figs. 3, 7 and 8, formed integrally with the first gear G₁ on the input shaft Ms, is meshed with a reverse driven gear 14, Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 8, relatively rotatably carried on the output shaft Cs through a reverse idle gear 13. The reverse driven gear 14 is fixed to the output shaft Cs by the forward and backward movement switchover mechanism 10, Figs. 3, 7 and 8. The first frictionally engaging element C₁, Fig. 3, of the input shaft Ms and the fourth frictionally engaging element C₄, Fig. 5, of the sub-shaft Ss are disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the output shaft Cs interposed therebetween, and the second frictionally engaging element C₂ of the input shaft Ms and the third frictionally engaging element C₃ of the sub-shaft Ss are likewise disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the output shaft Cs. This eliminates waste space in transmission case 1, reducing the size of transmission case 1. In addition, fifth frictionally engaging element C₅, mounted at the end of central output shaft Cs, is easy to mount and remove. Modification from a five-gear shift automatic transmission to a four-gear shift automatic transmission can easily be carried out by removing the fifth frictionally engaging element C₅. The operation of the first embodiment having the above-described construction will be described below. During forward traveling of the vehicle, forward and backward movement switchover mechanism 10 is in a left position, as shown in Fig. 3, wherein fifth gear G₅ has been fixed to output shaft Cs, and reverse driven gear 14 has been separated from output shaft Cs. When third frictionally engaging element C₃ is brought into engagement in this condition, rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted sequentially through ninth gear G₉, eleventh gear G₁₁, tenth gear G₁₀, sub-shaft Ss, third frictionally engaging element C₃, third gear G₃ and seventh gear G₇ to output shaft Cs to establish a first gear shift drive, and further transmitted therefrom through final drive gear 8, final driven gear 9 and differential D to left and right wheels W L and W R . When engagement of third frictionally engaging element C₃ is released and fourth frictionally engaging element C₄ is engaged, the rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted, sequentially, through ninth gear G₉, eleventh gear G₁₁, tenth gear G₁₀, sub-shaft Ss, fourth frictionally engaging element C₄, fourth gear G₄ and eighth gear G₈ to output shaft Cs establishing a second gear shift drive. When first or second gear shift drive is established, first drive speed-reduction is effected by ninth and eleventh gears G₉ and G₁₁, and second stage speed-reduction is effected between third and seventh gears G₃ and G₇ or between fourth and eighth gears G₄ and G₈. The speed-reduction is effected at a plurality of stages in this manner. Therefore, load on each gear can be reduced to improve durability, and the degree of freedom for establishing the gear shift can be enhanced. When fourth frictionally engaging element C₄ is released and fifth frictionally engaging element C₅ is engaged, rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted, while being reduced in speed, sequentially through ninth gear G₉, eleventh gear G₁₁, and fifth frictionally engaging element C₅ to output shaft Cs establishing third gear shift drive. When fifth frictionally engaging element C₅ is released and first frictionally engaging element C₁ is brought into engagement, rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted sequentially through first frictionally engaging element C₁, first gear G₁, fifth gear G₅ and forward and backward movement switchover mechanism 10 to output shaft Cs establishing fourth gear shift drive. When first frictionally engaging element C₁ is released and second frictionally engaging element C₂ is engaged, rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted sequentially through second frictionally engaging element C₂, second gear G₂ and sixth gear G₆ to output shaft Cs establishing a fifth gear shift drive. When fourth or fifth gear shift drive is established, rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted through the minimum number of gears comprising first and fifth gears G₁ and G₅ or second and sixth gears G₂ and G₆ to output shaft Cs, thereby enabling improvement in fuel consumption and reduction in gear noise during cruising of the vehicle. In a state where first frictionally engaging element C₁ is in engagement, if forward and backward movement switchover mechanism 10 is shifted to a right position, rotation of input shaft Ms is transmitted as a reverse rotation sequentially through first frictionally engaging element C₁, reverse drive gear 12, reverse idle gear 13, reverse driven gear 14, and forward and backward movement switchover mechanism 10 to output shaft Cs, establishing reverse gear shift drive. Since automatic transmission M comprises input shaft Ms and sub-shaft Ss on opposite sides of output shaft Cs, and gears and frictionally engaging elements provided on input shaft Ms and sub-shaft Ss are disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the output shaft Cs interposed therebetween, as described above, it is possible to transpose positional relationship between input shaft Ms and sub-shaft Ss by a slight modification in design, such as, modification of the number of teeth of each gear, thereby substantially enhancing transmission M for general purpose. Moreover, because dead space in transmission case 1 is reduced, it is possible to reduce the size of transmission case 1. Further, because fifth frictionally engaging element C₅, mounted at the end of the central output shaft Cs, is easy to mount and remove, it is possible to readily modify the five-gear shift automatic transmission to a four-gear shift automatic transmission merely by removing fifth frictionally engaging element C₅. In the automatic transmission M, input shaft Ms can be used as an output shaft, while output shaft Cs can be used as an input shaft. More specifically, by engaging third or fourth frictionally engaging element C₃ or C₄, torque received from central output shaft Cs is delivered, through sub-shaft Ss and tenth, eleventh and ninth gears G₁₀, G₁₁, and G₉ to input shaft Ms. Likewise, by engaging fifth frictionally engaging element C₅, torque received from output shaft Cs is delivered through eleventh and ninth gears G₁₁ and G₉ to input shaft Ms, and, by engaging first or second frictionally engaging element C₁ or C₂, torque received from output shaft Cs is delivered to input shaft Ms. In this case, it is of course necessary to properly modify the number of teeth of each gear. Fig. 8 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention. In this second embodiment, distance A₁ between input shaft Ms and output shaft Cs is equal to a distance A₂ between output shaft Cs and sub-shaft Ss, and eleventh gear G₁₁ is divided into two gears, i.e. gear G 11a , meshed with ninth gear G₉ and gear G 11b , meshed with tenth gear G₁₀. In this embodiment, ninth gear G₉ and gear G 11a have the same number of teeth, and the number of teeth of gear G 11b is set smaller than the number of teeth of tenth gear G₁₀. With this second embodiment, it is possible not only to increase the degree of symmetry of input shaft Ms and sub-shaft Ss with respect to output shaft Cs, to further enhance the property for general purpose, but also to independently establish the gear shift ratio in the third gear shift and the gear shift ratios in the first and second gear shifts, thereby enhancing freedom of design.

Claims: A three-shaft type automatic transmission (M) having a first shaft (Ms) and a third shaft (Ss) disposed in parallel on opposite sides of a central second shaft (Cs), first and second gears (G₁, G₂) relatively rotatably carried on said first shaft (Ms), first and second frictionally engaging elements (C₁, C₂) for selectively fixing said first and second gears (G₁, G₂) to said first shaft (Ms), and a ninth gear (G₉) secured to said first shaft (Ms); a third gear (G₃) relatively rotatably carried on said third shaft (Ss), a third frictionally engaging element (C₃) for selectively fixing said third gear (G₃) to said third shaft (Ss), and a tenth gear (G₁₀) secured to said third shaft (Ss); and fifth to seventh gears (G₅-G₇) secured or selectively secured to said second shaft (Cs) and meshed with said first to third gears (G₁-G₃), respectively, an eleventh gear (G₁₁) relatively rotatably carried on said second shaft (Cs) and meshed with said ninth and tenth gears (G₉, G₁₀), and a fifth frictionally engaging element (C₅) for selectively fixing said eleventh gear (G₁₁) to said second shaft (Cs), characterized by a fourth gear (G₄) relatively rotatably carried on said third shaft (Ss), a fourth frictionally engaging element (C₄) for selectively fixing said fourth gear (G₄) to said third shaft (Ss); and an eighth gear (G₈) secured to said second shaft (Cs) and meshed with said fourth gear (G₄). A three-shaft type automatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein either one of said first and third shafts (Ms, Ss) is an input shaft, and said second shaft (Cs) is an output shaft. A three-shaft type automatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein said second shaft (Cs) is an input shaft, and either one of said first and third shafts (Ms, Ss) is an output shaft. A three-shaft type automatic transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said transmission (M) includes a gear shift drive wherein said ninth to eleventh gears (G₉-G₁₁) are omitted from a power transmitting path from said input shaft to said output shaft in a high speed gear shift drive, and a gear shift drive having said ninth to eleventh gears (G₉-G₁₁) in said power transmitting path is a low speed gear shift drive. A three-shaft type automatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein a gear shift drive established by engagement of said fifth frictionally engaging element (C₅) has a reduction gear ratio larger than 1.

Inventors: HATAKEYAMA KAZUMA C O KABUSHIK, HATAKEYAMA, KAZUMA, C/O KABUSHIKI KAISHA HONDA
Applicants: HONDA MOTOR CO LTD, HONDA GIKEN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F16H3
IPC codes: F16H3