Fluid pump and rotary machine having said fluid pump

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive, efficient pump which can supply lubricating oil by using the revolving motion of an orbiting scroll 2. The pump is so constructed that a piston supported by a fixing member 1 is fitted in a cylinder chamber 102 formed in the inner surface of the end plate 21 of an orbiting scroll 2 which revolves while sliding on said fixing member, by which a pump chamber 104 is defined between them. The piston 101 is extended or retracted depending on the revolving motion of orbiting scroll 2, the volume of said pump chamber 104 is increased or decreased, and a fluid suction port 105 and a fluid discharge port 106 are connected to the pump chamber 104 at predetermined time intervals to supply the fluid.

Description: SPECIFICATION 1.FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART STATEMENT This invention relates to a fluid pump suitable as a lubricating oil pump for horizontal closed scroll compressor and a rotary machine having the fluid pump. In the conventional vertical closed scroll compressor, lubricating oil stored at the bottom of sealed housing is drawn up and supplied to the sliding parts of the scroll compression mechanism by a centrifugal pump incorporated into the rotatable shaft at its lower end. In the horizontal closed scroll compressor, however, lubricating oil cannot be supplied by a centrifugal pump incorporated into the rotatable shaft at its lower end because the lower end of the rotatable shaft cannot be immersed in lubricating oil. Therefore, an inexpensive, reliable, and high-performance lubricating oil pump has been wanted which can be used for such kind of compressor. EP 387 184 discloses a pump consisting of a pistion and a cylinder is provided in the radial direction on the external circumference of an end plate of an orbiting scroll between the inner surface of a crank case or a sealed shell and the external circumference of the end plate of said orbiting scroll, and said piston is moved by radial displacement on the basis of revolution of said orbiting scroll. 2. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of this invention is to solve the above described problems. The gist of this invention to attain this object is as follows: (1) A fluid pump comprising a piston and a cylinder defining a pump chamber, said pump chamber accommodating said piston and being formed between an orbiting member making an orbiting motion and a stationary member standing still with respect to said orbiting member and said piston being adapted to move in the radial or axial direction of said orbiting member by radial and periodic displacement on the basis of orbiting motion of said orbiting member, whereby said piston and said cylinder are disposed between a slide surface of said orbiting member and a slide surface of said stationary member in slidable contact with the slide surface of said orbiting member, a fluid discharge port and a fluid suction port are formed in said pump chamber of said cylinder so that said fluid discharge port and said fluid suction port can be opened at predetermined time intervals by said piston. (2) The fluid suction port of said pump is communicated with a lubricating oil reservoir installed apart from a rotatable shaft of said orbiting member through a suction passage and said fluid discharge port is communicated with a lubricating place like a bearing in support of said rotatable shaft through an oil supply passage. (3) The fluid pump can be used as a lubricating oil pump for a scroll-type rotary machine having a fixed scroll member and a orbiting scroll member which revolves with respect to the fixed scroll member. (4) The stationary member can be composed of a fixed scroll member or a fixing member for supporting both the orbiting scroll member and the fixed scroll member. The operation of this invention is as follows: The piston moves periodically in the radial or axial direction by the periodic radial displacement based on the revolving motion of the orbiting member, by which the volume of the pump chamber is changed, and at the same time, the fluid discharge port and the fluid suction port are opened at predetermined time intervals. Thus, the fluid sucked into the pump chamber through the fluid suction port is energized and discharged through the fluid discharge port. As described above, in the present invention, the piston moves periodically in the radial or axial direction by the periodic radial displacement based on the revolving motion of the orbiting member, by which the volume of the pump chamber is changed, and at the same time, the fluid discharge port and the fluid suction port are opened to the pump chamber at predetermined time intervals. Thus, the fluid sucked into the pump chamber through the fluid suction port can be energized and discharged to the required places through the fluid discharge port. Also, the volume of pump chamber can be increased or decreased by using the revolving motion of the orbiting member, and the fluid suction port and the fluid discharge port can be opened to the pump chamber at predetermined time intervals. Therefore, a suction valve and a delivery valve are unnecessary, so that an inexpensive, efficient, and reliable fluid pump can be provided. If the fluid suction port is connected to a lubricating oil reservoir, and the fluid discharge port is connected to the lubricating places, the fluid pump can be used as a lubricating oil pump for rotary machine in which the rotatable shaft is installed apart from the lubricating oil reservoir. 3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, Fig.1 is a partially longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig.2 is a view illustrating the change of operation of the first embodiment; Fig.3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a scroll-type rotary machine in accordance with the present invention; Fig.4 is a view illustrating a suction port and a discharge port of the first embodiment; Fig.5 is a view showing a modification of a cylinder chamber and a piston of the first embodiment; Fig.6 is a view showing another modification of a cylinder chamber and a piston of the first embodiment; Fig.7 is a view showing still another modification of a cylinder chamber and a piston of the first embodiment; Fig.8 is a partially longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig.9 is a partially longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 is a partially longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 is a perspective view of a piston of the fourth embodiment; Fig.12 is a view illustrating the change of operation of the fourth embodiment; Fig.13 is a partially longitudinal sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention; Fig.14 is a sectional view taken on the plane of the line XIV-XIV of Fig.13; Fig.15 is a partially longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the fifth embodiment; Fig.16 is a partially longitudinal sectional view showing another modification of the fifth embodiment; Fig.17 is a sectional view taken on the plane of the line XVII-XVII of Fig.16; Fig.18 is a partially longitudinal sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention; Fig.19 is a view showing the change of operation of the sixth embodiment; Fig.20 is a partially longitudinal sectional view showing a modification of the sixth embodiment; Fig.21 is a view showing a modification of a suction port of the sixth embodiment; and Fig.22 is a view showing another modification of a suction port of the sixth embodiment. 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment in which this invention is applied to a horizontal closed scroll compressor will be described specifically with reference to Figs.1 through 3. As shown in Fig.3, a scroll compression mechanism C and an electric motor M for driving the mechanism are disposed in a sealed housing 8 placed horizontally. The scroll compression mechanism C comprises a fixed scroll 1, an orbiting scroll 2, a rotation checking member 3, such as Oldham's ring, which allows the revolution of orbiting scroll 2, but checks its rotation, a frame 6 for fastening the fixed scroll 1 and the electric motor M, bearings 71, 72 for journaling a rotatable shaft 5, and a rotating bearing 73 and a thrust bearing 74 for supporting the orbiting scroll 2. The fixed scroll 1 has an end plate 11 and a spiral wrap 12 erected on the inner surface of the end plate 11, and the end plate 11 is provided with a discharge port 13 and a delivery valve 17. The orbiting scroll 2 has an end plate 21 and a spiral wrap 22 erected on the inner surface of the end plate 21. In a boss 23 erected on the outer surface of the end plate 21, a drive bushing 25 is rotatively fitted via a rotating bearing 73. In an eccentric hole made in the drive bushing 25, an eccentric pin 53 protruding from the inner end of rotatable shaft 5 is rotatively fitted. The eccentric pin 53 has a balance weight 84. By offsetting the fixed scroll 1 and the orbiting scroll 2 by a radius of revolution ρ and engaging them with the angle being shifted 180°, a plurality of sealed spaces 24 are formed symmetrically with respect to the center of spiral. The driving of electric motor M drives the orbiting scroll 2 via a orbiting drive mechanism comprising the rotatable shaft 5, the eccentric pin 53, the drive bushing 25, and the boss 23. The orbiting scroll 2 revolves on a circular orbit of a radius of revolution ρ while its rotation is checked by the rotation checking member 3. Then, gas enters a sealed housing 8 through a suction pipe 82. After the gas cools the electric motor M, it passes through a passage 85 formed in the frame 6, and is sucked into the sealed space 24 through a suction passage 15 and a suction chamber 16. As the volume of the sealed space 24 is decreased by the revolution of orbiting scroll 2, the gas reaches the central portion while being compressed. Then, the gas enters the discharge cavity 14 by pushing and opening the delivery valve 17 from the discharge port 13, and afterward it is discharged to the outside through a discharge pipe 83. At the same time, lubricating oil 81 stored at the bottom of the sealed housing 8 passes through a suction passage 92 and is sucked and energized by a pump 100 disposed between the fixed scroll 1 and the orbiting scroll 2. The lubricating oil passes through an oil supply passage 93 and lubricates the bearing 72, the eccentric pin 53, the bearing 71, the rotation checking member 3, the rotating bearing 73, the thrust bearing 74 and other parts. Then, the lubricating oil is discharged through a chamber 61 and an oil drain hole 62, and stored at the bottom of the sealed housing 8. Reference numeral 63 denotes an equalizing hole for equalizing the pressure in the chamber 61 and the space in the sealed housing 8. Fig.1 shows the detail of the pump 100. The pump 100 comprises a cylindrical piston 101 supported by the fixed scroll 1 in such a manner that it can be extended and retracted along the axis of revolution, a circular cylinder chamber 102 formed at the outer periphery on the inner surface of the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2, and a spring 103 which is energized so as to extend the piston 101. The tip end of the piston 101 is fitted in the cylinder chamber 102 by offsetting by a radius of revolution ρ, by which the outer peripheral surface of piston 101 is slidably in contact with the inner peripheral surface of cylinder chamber 102 on one line, a crescent pump chamber 104 being defined between them. The tip end of the piston 101 is slidably in contact with the bottom surface of the cylinder chamber 102, and the tip end and the bottom surface are inclined in the radial direction. At the bottom of the cylinder chamber 102, a suction port 105 communicating with the suction passage 92 and a discharge port 106 communicating with the oil supply passage 93 are formed as shown in Fig.2. The suction port 105 and the discharge port 106 are opened and closed by the tip end surface of the piston 101, so that the ports are opened to the pump chamber 104 alternatively at predetermined time intervals. The outer and inner surfaces of the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2 slides sealingly in relation to the fixing scroll 1 and the frame 6, respectively. When the orbiting scroll 2 revolves, the line contact portion between the outer peripheral surface of the piston 101 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder chamber 102 moves in accordance with the revolution angle as shown in Fig.2. In the range of revolution angle from 0° to 180°, the suction port 105 opens to the pump chamber 104. The discharge port 106 is isolated from the pump chamber 104, and the piston 101 retracts gradually during this period. In the range of revolution angle from 180° to 360°, the discharge port 106 opens to the pump chamber 104. The suction port is isolated from the pump chamber 104, and the piston 101 extends gradually. Thus, in the range of revolution angle from 0° to 180°, the volume of the pump chamber increases gradually, and the suction port 105 opens to the pump chamber 104. Therefore, the lubricating oil stored at the bottom of the sealed housing 8 is sucked into the pump chamber 104 through the suction passage 92 and suction port 105. In the range of revolution angle from 180° to 360°, the volume of the pump chamber 104 decreases gradually, and the discharge port 106 opens to the pump chamber 104. Therefore, the lubricating oil in the pump chamber 104 is supplied to sliding parts in the compressor through the discharge port 106 and the oil supply passage 93. The shapes of the suction port 105 and the discharge port 106 can be almost ideal by superposing the contours of outer peripheral surfaces of piston 101 at revolution angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° as shown in Fig.4(A). However, the shapes may be circular as shown in Fig.4(B). In this case, the machining is easy. In the first embodiment described above, the cylinder chamber 102 and the piston 101 have a circular cross section. However, the cross section may be elliptic as shown in Fig.5, of arc shape as shown in Fig.6, or of wedge shape as shown in Fig.7. Such modification is useful when the outside diameter of cylinder chamber 102 is restricted or when it is desired to increase the pump capacity by increasing its displacement. Fig.8 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the piston 101 protrudes on the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2, and this piston 101 is fitted in the cylinder chamber 102 formed in the frame 6. The bottom of the cylinder chamber 102 is defined by a plunger 107. This plunger 107 is supported by the frame 6 in such a manner that it can be extended and retracted along the axis of revolution, and energized by a coil spring 108 in the extending direction. On the tip surface of the piston 101, the suction port 105 and the discharge port 106 are open. Other arrangements are similar to that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals being applied to the corresponding parts. This second embodiment offers the same operation and effects as those of the first embodiment. Fig.9 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, the piston 101 extends through the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2, and is supported in such a manner that it can reciprocate in the direction of the axis of revolution. One end of the piston 101 is fitted in the cylinder chamber 102A formed in the fixing scroll 1, and the other end thereof is fitted in the cylinder chamber 102B formed in the frame 6. To the pump chamber 104A defined by one end of piston 101 and the cylinder chamber 102A, the suction port 105A communicating with the suction passage 92A and the discharge port 106A communicating with the oil supply passage 93A are open. To the pump chamber 104B defined by the other end of piston 101 and the cylinder chamber 102B, the suction port 105B communicating with the suction passage 92B and the discharge port 106B communicating with the oil supply passage 93B are open. Other arrangements are similar to that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals being applied to the corresponding parts. This third embodiment eliminates the need for a spring and doubles the discharge quantity of pump. Figs.10 through 12 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, a recess 109 communicating with the suction passage 92 and a recess 111 communicating with the oil supply passage 93 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston 101. The recess 109 opens to both end surfaces of the piston 101 via a through hole 110 made in the piston 101. These open ends are in communication with the suction port 105A, 105B consisting of a recess formed at the bottom of the cylinder chamber 102A, 102B. The recess 111 opens to both end surfaces of the piston 101 via a through hole 112 made in the piston 101. These open ends are in communication with the discharge port 106A, 106B consisting of a recess formed at the bottom of the cylinder chamber 102A, 102B. When the orbiting scroll 2 revolves, the piston 101 revolves in the cylinder chamber 102A and 102B as shown in Fig.12. As a result, the through holes 110 and 112 opens to the pump chamber 104A via the suction port 105A and the discharge port 106A alternatively at predetermined time intervals. At the same time, they open to the pump chamber 104B via the suction port 105B and the discharge port 106B alternatively at predetermined time intervals. Other arrangements are similar to that of the third embodiment shown in Fig.9, the same reference numerals being applied to the corresponding parts. This fourth embodiment provides greater ease of machining than the third embodiment, leading to lower cost. Figs.13 and 14 show a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Reference numeral 101 denotes a cylindrical piston which protrudes on the fixed scroll 1 and extends in the direction of axis of revolution, 102 denotes a cylinder chamber of circular cross section which is formed at the outer periphery of the inner surface of the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2, and 117 denotes a plate which is loosely inserted in a groove 119 formed in the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2 in such a manner that it can be freely extended and retracted. The tip of the plate 117 is in contact with the peripheral surface of the piston 101 by the tension of a spring 118. The piston 101 is fitted in the cylinder chamber 102 by offsetting by a radius of revolution ρ, by which the outer peripheral surface of piston 101 is slidably in contact with the inner peripheral surface of cylinder chamber 102 on one line, a crescent pump chamber 104 being defined between them. This pump chamber 104 is divided into two parts: a compression chamber 104a is formed on one side, and a suction chamber 104b on the other side. The end surface 101b of the piston 101 is slidably in contact with the bottom surface 102b of the cylinder chamber 102. These surfaces 101b, 102b are in parallel to the revolution surface. On the bottom surface 102b of the cylinder chamber 102, the suction port 105 communicating with the suction passage 92 and the discharge port 106 communicating with the oil supply passage 93 are formed so that they are close to the plate 117 and positioned on both sides of the plate. The suction port 105 and the discharge port 106 are opened/closed by the piston 101. When the orbiting scroll 2 revolves, the piston 101 does not rotate around the center 102a of the cylinder chamber 102, but revolves on a circular orbit of a radius of revolution ρ. As a result, the volumes of the compression chamber 104a and suction chamber 104b increases/decreases periodically, and the suction port 105 and the discharge port 106 open to the suction chamber 104b and the compression chamber 104a at predetermined time intervals. Thus, the lubricating oil is sucked into the suction chamber 104b through the suction passage 92 and the suction port 105, and the lubricating oil in the compression chamber 104a is discharged from the discharge port 106 through the oil supply passage 93. In this fifth embodiment, the fixed scroll 1 is provided with the piston 101, and the orbiting scroll 2 is provided with the cylinder chamber 102. However, the piston may be disposed on the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2, and the cylinder chamber 102 may be disposed in the frame 6 as shown in Fig.15. Also, the plate 117 and the spring 118 may be disposed in the piston 101 as shown in Figs.16 and 17. Figs.18 and 19 show a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The piston 101 is fitted in the cylinder chamber 102 of circular cross section formed in the fixed scroll 1 and supported in the direction of axis of revolution in such a manner that it can be freely extended and retracted. This piston 101 is of a cup shape, and urged by a spring 103 installed in the rear of the piston 101. The tip end surface of the piston 101 is slidably in contact with an inclined surface 29 formed on the end plate 21 of the orbiting scroll 2. The tip end surface of the piston 101 and the inclined surface 29 are inclined in the radial direction. To the inclined surface 29, the suction port 105 communicating with the suction passage 92 and the discharge port 106 communicating with the discharge passage 93 are open. In the tip end surface of the piston 101, semicircular through hole 120 is disposed. When the orbiting scroll 2 revolves with a radius of revolution ρ, the piston 101 reciprocates in the direction of axis of revolution by sliding of its tip end surface on the inclined surface 29, by which the volume of the pump chamber 104 defined by the piston 101 and the cylinder chamber 102 increases or decreases. At the same time, the suction port 105 and the discharge port 106 are connected to the through hole 120 at predetermined time intervals as shown in Fig.19. If the revolution angle  for the maximum volume of pump chamber 104 is taken as 0°, in the range of  = 0° - 180° the piston 101 is pushed by the inclined surface 29, so that the volume of the pump chamber 104 decreases. As a result, the through hole 120 is connected to the discharge port 106, so that the lubricating oil in the pump chamber 104 is delivered to the oil supply passage 93 through the discharge port 106. In the range of  = 180° - 360°, the piston 101 is pushed out by the spring 103. As a result, the through hole 120 is connected to the suction port 105, so that the lubricating oil is sucked from the suction passage 92 into the pump chamber 104 through the suction port 105. As shown in Fig.20, the piston 101 may be fitted in the cylinder chamber 102 formed in the orbiting scroll 2, and the inclined surface 29 may be formed on the fixed scroll 1. Also, the suction port 105 may be modified as shown in Figs.21 and 22. Further, in the above embodiments, a rotation preventing means such as a key or chamfering may be provided to prevent the rotation of the piston 101.

Claims: A fluid pump comprising a piston (101) and a cylinder (102) defining a pump chamber (104), said pump chamber accommodating said piston and being formed between an orbiting member (2) making an orbiting motion and a stationary member (1) standing still with respect to said orbiting member (2) and said piston being adapted to move in the radial or axial direction of said orbiting member by radial and periodic displacement on the basis of orbiting motion of said orbiting member, whereby said piston and said cylinder are disposed between a slide surface of said orbiting member and a slide surface of said stationary member in slidable contact with the slide surface of said orbiting member, a fluid discharge port (106) and a fluid suction port (105) are formed in said pump chamber (104) of said cylinder (102) so that said fluid discharge port and said fluid suction port can be opened at predetermined time intervals by said piston. A rotary machine characterized in that said rotary machine is provided with said fluid pump (100) according to claim 1 and said fluid suction port (105) of said pump is communicated with a lubricating oil reservoir (81) installed apart from a rotatable shaft (5) of said orbiting member (2) through a suction passage (92) and said fluid discharge port (106) is communicated with a lubricating place like a bearing (71) in support of said rotatable shaft (5) through an oil supply passage (93). A rotary machine according to claim (2), wherein said rotary machine is a scroll-type rotary machine having a fixed scroll member (1) and a orbiting scroll (2) member which revolves with respect to said fixed scroll member. A rotary machine according to claim (3), wherein said orbiting member is a orbiting scroll member (2) and said stationary member is a fixed scroll member (1) or a fixing member for supporting both scroll members.

Inventors: FUJITANI MAKOTO, HIROOKA KATSUMI, NAGAT YUKIO, SHIKANAI TOSHIYUKI, TAKEDA KIMIHARU, UKAI TETSUZO, FUJITANI, MAKOTO, HIROOKA, KATSUMI, NAGAT, YUKIO, SHIKANAI, TOSHIYUKI, TAKEDA, KIMIHARU, UKAI, TETSUZO, Fujitani, Makoto, c/o Nagoya Res. &amp; Devel. Center, Hirooka, Katsumi, c/o Air-Cond. &amp; Refrig. Mach., Nagat, Yukio, c/o Nagoya Res. &amp; Devel. Center, Shikanai, Toshiyuki, c/o Air-Cond. &amp; Refrig. Mach., Takeda, Kimiharu, c/o Air-Cond. &amp; Refrig. Mach., Ukai, Tetsuzo, c/o Air-Cond. &amp; Refrig. Mach.
Applicants: MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD, MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F04C29
IPC codes: F04C29, F04C18