ROLLER TRIPLAN CONSTANT VELOCITY UNIVERSAL JOINT

Abstract: A triplan constant velocity universal joint (22) having an annular outer member (24), an inner member (26), three pairs of shoes (28) and three sets of four elongated rollers (30). The interior cavity (32) of the outer member (34) has three longitudinal lobes (36) forming opposing pairs of parallel longitudinal guideways (38) which mate with the elongated rollers (30). The inner member (26) is centrally positioned within the outer member (24) and has three trunnions (40), each extending radially into a respective one of the three longitudinal lobes (36). Each trunnion (40) has an associated pair of shoes (28). Both the trunnion (40) and its shoes (28) have mating truncated spherical surfaces (46) which permit the shoes (28) to pivot relative to the trunnion (40). The elongated rollers (30) are retained within longitudinal raceways (52) provided along the surface of each shoe (28) opposite its spherical surface (46). The elongated rollers (30) engage an adjacent longitudinal guideway (38) on either side of its trunnion (40). The elongated rollers (30) have barrel-shaped contours which mate with the contour of the bearing surfaces (48) and with the contour of their adjacent guideways (38) so as to provide line contact between the elongated rollers (30), the longitudinal bearing surface (48) and the adjacent guideways (38).

Description: ROLLER TRIPLAN CONSTANT VELOCITY UNIVERSAL JOINT BACKGROUND OF THE --NVENTION 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to a constant velocity universal joint for transmitting a constant rotational motion between two non-coaxial shafts. More specifically, this invention relates to a triplan constant velocity universal joint having a low plunging effort wherein the improvement is a more durable roller assembly. 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART Constant velocity ("CV") universal joints are well known in the art and are extensively used to translate rotational motion between a driving shaft and a non-coaxial driven shaft. CV joints are desirable for their ability to deliver a uniform output rotational speed which does not vary with rotation of the linkage or with articulation between the driving and driven shafts. A typical example of such an application is the drive linkage between the transmission and front wheels of a front wheel drive car. Such linkages are not onfy required to have non-coaxial shafts between the transmission and the wheel for transmitting the engine power, but must also allow for extensive articulation between the drive shaft and the wheel for purposes of steering. The CV universal joint of interest for purposes of the present invention is a particular form of tripod CV universal joint commonly referred to as a triplan CV joint Triplan CV universal joints generally have an inner joint member housed within an annular shaped outer joint member. Conventionally, the outer joint member has three equally-spaced longitudinal lobes disposed upon its interior surface. The longitudinal lobes each form a pair of guideways. The inner joint member has three radialfy extending trunnions equally spaced about the inner joint member's axis of rotation. Each trunnion extends into a respective longitudinal lobe. Cooperating with each trunnion is a roller assembly which engages the adjacent pair of guideways corresponding to the longitudinal lobe within which the trunnion resides. The feature that distinguishes the triplan roller assembly from roller assemblies of other similar CV joints, such as the tripod, is a pair of parallel planar side walls provided on opposite sides of each of the trunnions, as originally disclosed in U.S. Patent No.4,490,126 to Orain. The planar side walls provide a bearing surface upon which a roller assembly can operate to cany the torsional loads of the joint while also reducing friction between the trunnion and the guideways. Friction between the trunnion and the guideways is a particularly important concern for CV joints having the general trunnion construction recited above. Under typical operating conditions where the axes of the inner and outer joint members are non-coaxial, the trunnions are each at various angles with respect to the outer joint member's axis of rotation. During one complete revolution of the CV joint, each trunnion alternately makes on complete cycle of traversing a portion of the length of its respective guideway. The portion of the guideway traversed increases as the angle between the inner and outer joint members increases. The rolling contact between the roller assembly, the trunnion, and the guideway is necessary to minimize frictional drag corresponding to the traversing of each trunnion across its respective guideway. Such cyclic drag would otherwise induce high fluctuations in the torque resistance of the inner joint member as seen at the driving shaft, and would consequently produce a non-uniform output speed to the inner joint member. Loss of efficiency would also result along with a destructive wear effect upon the members of the CV joint. As a consequence, the rolling contact is a critical aspect of the triplan CV joint As noted above, the original Orain triplan CV joint provided each of three trunnions with opposing parallel planar surfaces. Each roller assembly consisted of a number of small cylindrical rollers, or needles maintained within an elongated cage which circumscribed each trunnion. The needles provided axial rolling movement of the inner joint and trunnion relative to the outer joint when the inner joint member was angulated relative to the outer joint, or when the inner joint member was plunged axially toward the outer joint member. However, the needles proved to be inadequate as a result of their tendency to slide rather than roll because the trunnion path was arcuate and not parallel to the needles' plane of rotation. In addition, friction between the needle ends and the retainer cage had an adverse effect on the efficiency of the CV joint U.S. Patent 4,741,723 to Orain typifies a more recent triplan CV joint in which the retainer cage and needles are replaced by opposing pairs of cages and ball guides, or shoes, each retaining a pair of spherical rollers, or balls. The shoes are journaled upon the spherical end of each trunnion, securely holding the balls against the planar guideway of the outer joint member. A wall located at the center of each shoe and between each pair of balls defines two separate ball raceways, one for each of the balls residing within that shoe. In effect, the wall dictates the rolling plunge length of the CV joint Once the ball traverses across the ball raceway and abuts against the wall, the ball is forced to slide against the shoe and the guideway through the remainder of the plunge. In spite of the improvement seen with the later shoe and ball assembly, problems with the durability of this roller assembly have been noted. Of primary concern for purposes of this invention, excessive wear and stress cracking of the spherical balls are promoted by the single point contact of the spherical balls with the shoe's raceway and the outer member's planar surface. As can bee seen from the discussion, the prior art does not teach a triplan CV joint which specially addresses this deficiency in the spherical ball design. Accordingly, what is needed is a CV joint with the advantages of the current triplan shoe and roller assembly, while also avoiding the inherent physical limitations of a spherical ball used as the roller element SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a constant velocity universal joint is provided with an outer member, an inner member, a predetermined number of shoes, and a pair of elongated rollers associated with each shoe. The outer member has an internal cavity with a number of longitudinal lobes. The longitudinal lobes are equally spaced from each other and in relation to the outer member's axis of rotation. Each longitudinal lobe has a pair of opposing side walls. The opposing side walls define pairs of longitudinal guideways for the elongated rollers. The inner member is centrally positioned within the outer member and has an axis of rotation independent from the axis of rotation of the outer member. The inner member has a predetermined number of trunnions corresponding in number to the number of longitudinal lobes. The trunnions extend radially in relation to the inner member's axis of rotation, and each is positioned within a respective longitudinal lobe between a pair of longitudinal guideways. Each of the shoes has a surface in pivotal contact with a trunnion. On the side of -each shoe opposite the trunnion there is disposed a longitudinal bearing surface. A pair of elongated rollers is positioned on each longitudinal bearing surface. Each pair of rollers also engages an adjacent longitudinal guideway associated with the trunnion upon which the roller and shoe is journaled. The rollers are oriented such that their axis of rotation is perpendicular to the longitudinal bearing surface. A cage maintains the roller perpendicular to and in contact with the longitudinal bearing surface. The rollers engage the adjacent longitudinal guideway and bearing surface such that line contact is maintained for promoting a uniform distribution of dynamic loading along the entire axial length of the roller. The line contact between the roller and both the longitudinal guideway and bearing surface is of particular importance for purposes of the present invention. line contact inherently improves the durability of the roller by avoiding the higher stresses induced by the single point contact of the prior art As a result, there is a reduction in the tendency for wear and stress cracking seen with spheric. ' rollers. In addition, the line contact also improves the rolling action between the roller assembly and its corresponding guideway and shoe, thereby reducing the force required to stroke a trunnion along the length of its longitudinal lobe, known as the plunging effort Thus, the present invention retains the advantages of the triplan shoe and roller assembly while also avoiding the inherent physical limitations of a spherical ball used as the roller element and improves on the efficiency of the CV joint Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a triplan CV joint having an improved efficient operation with a low plunging effort It is a further object of this invention that such a triplan CV joint provide a roller that does not have the inherent physical deficiencies of one that relies on a point contact with the bearing surfaces. It is still a further object of this invention that the roller and its bearing surfaces have mating geometrical surface contours for promoting a uniform distribution of dynamic loading along the entire axial length of the roller. Other objects and advantages of this invention will be more apparent after a reading of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an operating environment which is a typical application for a triplan CV joint in accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention; Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a triplan CV joint in accordance with a preferred embodiment of this invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line 3-3 of the triplan CV joint of Figure 2; and Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view along line 4-4 of the triplan CV joint of Figure 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Figure 1 illustrates a typical operating environment which employs a triplan CV joint. A vehicle 10 is shown having a transmission 12 which is driven by a front-mounted engine 14. The transmission 12 drives a pair of half-shaft axles 16. The half-shaft axles 16 in turn drive their respective wheels 18. Use of some form of CV joint 20 is necessitated because the axis of the transmission 12 is not coaxial with the axes of the wheels 18. Utilization of the CV joint 20 ensures that the speed of each wheel 18 will be uniform and equal to the speed of the transmission 12 and the corresponding half-shaft axle 16. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, a triplan CV joint 22, as shown in Figure 2, is provided which includes an annular outer member 24, an inner member 26 and three pans of shoes 28. Each shoe has a pair of elongated rollers 30. The outer member 24 is attached to a drive shaft 25 and has an internal cavity 32 which is coaxial with a drive axis of rotation 34 of the outer member 24. The internal cavity 32 has three longitudinal lobes 36 equally spaced about the drive axis of rotation 34, each of the longitudinal lobes 36 has a pair of opposing side walls defining a pair of longitudinal guideways 38. The inner member 26 is attached to a driven shaft 27, as more clearly seen in Figure 3, and has three radially extending trunnions 40 equally spaced about a driven axis of rotation 42 of the inner member 26. A distal end 44 of each trunnion 40 has a truncated spherical surface. As illustrated, the inner member 26 is disposed within the outer member 24 and each of the trunnions 40 is disposed within an associated longitudinal lobe 36 between a pair of guideways 38. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, an oppositely disposed pair of shoes 28 p-votally contact each trunnion 40. Each shoe 28 has a truncated spherical surface 46 which corresponds to and mates with the spherical surface provided at the distal end 44 of the associated trunnion 40. On a surface opposite the truncated spherical surface 46 of the shoe 28 there is a longitudinal bearing surface 48 having a centrally disposed wall 50 which separates the bearing surface 48 into two raceways 52. Each of the two raceways 52 are engaged by an elongated roller 30. Each elongated roller 30 engages its adjacent guideway 38 provided in the outer member 24. The elongated rollers 30 are oriented on each shoe such that its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the drive axis of rotation 34 of the outer member 24 and is pivotable about its associated trunnion 40 in a plane defined by driving an axis of rotation 42 and the axis of its associated trunnion 41. The advantage of having two opposing pairs of elongated rollers 30 is the dynamic stability provided by having two points of contact with each guideway 38. As best seen in Figure 4, the elongated rollers are rotatably retained in the raceways 52 of the shoes 28 by a retainer cage 54 such that the distance between the axes of rotation of the two elongated rollers 30 associated with each shoe remains constant during operation. A preload cage spring 56, shown in Figure 3, provides a preload force biasing the two shoes 28 on opposite sides of each trunnion away from each other to assist in maintaining positive contact between the shoes 28, the elongated rollers 30 and the guideways 38. According to a preferred aspect of this invention, an inventive feature is that the elongated roller 30, the raceways 52, and the guideways 38 each have mating geometrical contours which assure line contact between the mating surfaces. As seen in Figure 3, the contour of the elongated rollers 30 is preferably barrel-shaped for purposes of the present invention. Line contact is desirable for promoting a uniform distribution of dynamic loading along the entire length of the elongated rollers 30, thus reducing the load per unit area that would otherwise accelerate wear and bearing failure. In addition, a significant advantage of the present invention is that mating geometrical contours also assist in maintaining each elongated roller 30 on a linear path upon the guideway 38. The axis of rotation of the barrel-shaped elongated roller 30 remains constant, as opposed to a spherical roller which has a tendency to tumble or twist as a result of sideloading. Thus, the barrel-shape promotes a rolling action and -----■■■--■->-■>■- any tendencies for sliding with the shoes 28 and the guideway 38. Accordingly, the triplan CV joint 22 of the present invention is more durable and is highly efficient in view of the prior art The triplan CV joint 22 is more durable because of the better load distribution of the barrel-shaped elongated rollers 30. The triplan CV joint 22 also promotes low internal friction by accentuating the rolling action and mj-n-n-izing any sliding action between the elongated rollers 30 with their guideways 38 and raceway 52. While the invention has been described in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is apparent that other forms could be adopted by one skilled in the art Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited onfy by the following claims.

Claims: What is claimed is: 1. A constant velocity universal joint comprising: an outer member having an internal cavity, said internal cavity having a plurality of longitudinal lobes equally spaced about a first axis of rotation, each of said plurality of longitudinal lobes having a pair of opposing side walls, each of said opposing side walls defining a pair of longitudinal guideways; an inner member disposed within said internal cavity of said outer member, said inner member having a second axis of rotation, said inner member having a plurality of trunnions corresponding in number to the number of plurality of longitudinal lobes, said plurality of trunnions extending radially in relation to said second axis of rotation, each of said plurality of trunnions being disposed within a respective one of said plurality of longitudinal lobes between said longitudinal guideways; a shoe pair associated with each trunnion of said plurality of trunnions, each shoe of said shoe pair having a first surface in pivotal contact with said associated trunnion, each shoe of said shoe pair having a longitudinal bearing surface on a surface opposite said first surface; and a pair of rollers disposed between said longitudinal bearing surface of each shoe and an adjacent longitudinal guideway, each roller of said pair of rollers rollingfy engaging said longitudinal bearing surface and said adjacent longitudinal guideways, each of said pair of rollers having an axis of rotation perpendicular to said longitudinal bearing surface, each roller of said pair of rollers making line contact with said adjacent longitudinal guideway. 2. A constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said plurality of longitudinal lobes are three longitudinal lobes and said plurality of trunnions are three trunnions. 3. A constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of said pair of shoes with said longitudinal bearing surfaces and said longitudinal guideways having mating geometrical surface contours for promoting a uniform distribution of dynamic loading along the axial length of each of said pair of rollers. 4. A constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 3 wherein each of said rollers have a barrel-shaped surface contour and said mating geometrical surface contours of said longitudinal bearing surfaces and said longitudinal guideways are mating concave surfaces. 5. A constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 1 further comprising a roller cage for retaining said roller axis of rotation of said pair of rollers perpendicular to and in contact with said longitudinal bearing surfaces. 6. A constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 5, wherein each o said plurality of trunnions has a spherical surface provided adjacent to its end and each of said plurality of shoe pairs has a truncated spherical surface corresponding to and mating with said spherical surface of said trunnion. 7. A triplan constant velocity universal joint comprising: an annular outer member having an internal cavity, said internal cavity being coaxial with a drive axis of rotation of said outer member, said internal cavity having three longitudinal lobes equally spaced about said drive axis of rotation, each of said three longitudinal lobes having a pair of opposing side walls, each side wall of said pair of opposing side walls defining a longitudinal guideway; an inner member disposed within said internal cavity of said outer member, said inner member having a driven axis of rotation, said inner member having three trunnions extending radially in relation to said driven axis of rotation, each of three trunnions being disposed in a respective one of saia three longitudinal lobes between said longitudinal guideways, each of said three trunnions having a spherical end surface; a pair of shoes being oppositely disposed on and in pivotal contact with an associated one of said three trunnions, each of said shoe of said pair of shoes having a truncated spherical surface corresponding to and mating with said spherical end surface of said associated one of said three trunnions, each shoe of said pair of shoes having a longitudinal bearing surface on a surface opposite said truncated spherical surface; a pair of rollers disposed between each shoe of said pair of shoes and an adjacent longitudinal guideway, each of said pair of rollers engaging said adjacent longitudinal guideway, each of said pair of rollers having a rolling axis of rotation perpendicular to said longitudinal bearing surface, each of said pair of rollers having a line contact with said adjacent longitudinal guideway and said longitudinal bearing surface; and a roller cage for retaining said rolling axis of rotation of each of said pair of rollers perpendicular to and in line contact with said longitudinal bearing surfaces. 8. A triplan constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 7 wherein each of said pair of rollers has a geometrical surface contour mating with a geometrical surface of said longitudinal bearing surface and with a geometrical surface of said longitudinal guideway for promoting a uniform distribution of dynamic loading along the axial length of each of said pair of rollers. 9. A triplan constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 8 wherein said mating geometrical surface contour of each roller of said pair of rollers is a barrel-shaped contour. 10. A constant velocity universal joint as claimed in Claim 8 further comprising three pairs of preload cages, each preload cage of said three pairs of preload cages biasing one pair of said three pairs of shoes and their associated pairs of rollers against said adjacent longitudinal guideways.

Inventors: HAHN STEVEN, HAHN, STEVEN
Applicants: GKN AUTOMOTIVE INC, GKN AUTOMOTIVE INC.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F16C31
IPC codes: F16D3