Electrical connector with electrostatic discharge protection

Abstract: An electrical connector (10) of a type utilized to connect components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharge voltage transients includes a housing (20) having a projecting, unprotected forward portion (23) and a front face having slots (27a, 27b) therein and containing contacts (30) having ends (31) in such forward portion proximate to the slots and positioned to be engaged by contacts of a mating connector inserted within the housing. The housing (20) includes a grounding shield (40) that surrounds the forward portion and covers the face of the housing with slits (44a, 44b) extending around the housing slots to define a path to ground shorter than the path from the exterior of the housing to the contact ends (31) to assure that an electrostatic discharge from a source exterior to the connector is grounded.

Description: This invention relates to an electrical connector having electrostatic discharge protection. The miniaturization of electronic components found in such devices as integrated circuits finds extremely small conductive traces spaced on close centers to make such components vulnerable to voltage spikes or transients. These transients come in many forms, including a common form caused by an electrostatic buildup of charge on operators or equipment. For example, in dry climates, an operator may carry up to 15,000 volts in static charge, resulting in electrostatic discharge from the operator in touching, for example, a keyboard of a computer; or a connector or some part of equipment exposed to such touch. A resulting voltage spike may jump to conductive elements and find its way onto the circuits of a board to destroy or damage sensitive components contained thereon. One solution to the problem has been to provide filters between those components that can receive an electrostatic discharge and those components that are sensitive to electrical overstress. In such cases, electrostatic discharge spikes are filtered to ground or be absorbed by filters before causing damage. The use of filters is an added cost to components. Additionally, it is a cost that requires frequently a change in design of components to accommodate for the additional volume of the filters, volume in connectors or on expensive printed circuit boards being required in any event. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide electrostatic discharge protection for connectors, or portions of connectors accessible to operators or to equipments carrying static voltage charges. It is a further object to provide an electrostatic discharge protection for a connector without the use of filters. It is still a further object of the invention to provide electrostatic discharge protection to connectors having multiple rows of contacts, and it is a final object to provide an improved construction for protecting against electrostatic discharge, grounding and shielding electrical connectors and signal paths contained therein. The present invention consists in an electrical connector as defined in claim 1. US-A-4 824 377 discloses a connector according to the preamble of claim 1. US-A-4 568 133 discloses an electrical connector having a one piece metal shield. An electrical connector is described herein that includes a plastic housing carrying multiple contacts arranged in rows within the housing to receive contacts of a mating connector inserted into mating engagement with the contacts of the connector. The connector housing includes a forward portion carrying the contacts that are mated, the forward portion projecting outwardly from a housing or cabinet. The housing includes a rearward portion that is attached to a circuit, such as a printed circuit board, carrying post portions of the contacts soldered to or otherwise terminated to the board. Signals passed through the connector to the board and from the board through the connector establish the input/output signal paths for functional devices such as a computer, communication equipment, or the like. It is through these paths that voltage transients caused by electrostatic discharge can occur, voltage spikes traveling to contacts on the exposed side of the connector, along such contacts and into a board of use to cause overstress of sensitive and delicate components thereon. There is described herein a use with connectors having multiple rows, connectors having slots in the housings with the contacts necessarily proximate such slots. Heretofore, the finger of an operator or a tool, such as a screwdriver or a pen, could allow the discharge of a static charge through the slot onto the contact, even though the finger or tool did not actually touch a contact, its proximity to the electrical path formed by the contact resulting in a spark with the voltage transient jumping to the contact to cause damage. The connector includes a thin, conductive covering over the front portion of the connector housing that is suitably grounded to carry any electrostatic discharge from an object proximate to or touching the forward portion of the connector. There is utilized a thin metal cover in the form of a stamping or drawing that surrounds the multiple slots of the connector along the length of the slots and at the ends and between such slots. The metallic element is so formed that the distance from an object proximate the front end of a connector to a contact within the connector is longer than the distance from such object to the metallic element, assuring that discharge will be to the grounded metallic element. The disclosure includes the embodiments accommodating multiple slots such as two or three or more in connectors. Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 as a perspective view of a connector in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 is a side elevational view, partially sectioned, taken along lines 2-2 of Figure 1. Referring now to Figure 1, a connector 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, may be seen to have a plastic and insulating housing 20 having a grounding shield 40 and contacts 30 carried by such housing. The shield 40 is connected to grounding paths by suitable means, not shown, such as the ground circuit on a board with which the connector is used. The rear portion 21 will typically be recessed within a cabinet or the like with portion 23 projecting outwardly for access. The housing 20 includes rear portion 21 that extends over circuit board, not shown, upon which the connector is mounted. As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, housing 20 includes a further, upstanding portion 22 and a projecting portion 23. The projecting portion 23 includes a pair of slots 27a and 27b that extend across the front face of the projecting portion. Between these slots, as shown in Figure 2, is a groove 26 that extends across the front face of the projecting portion and interior passages that carry the front contact ends 31 of contacts 30. The contacts 30 include portions 32 that mount the contacts in the housing, and portions 33 that form right angle bends to end in post portions 34 that are inserted within holes of a printed circuit board, not shown, and soldered to conductive traces thereon to interconnect the contacts to circuit components. As can be seen in Figure 2, the contacts include spring finger constructions that are displaced upon the insertion of a mating contact, pin post or blade extended within the slots 27a and 27b to engage the contact ends 31 proximate to such slots. As can be seen in Figure 2, an electrostatic discharge source ESD is shown relative to the front face of the connector with discharge path lengths P 1 and P 2 shown relative to the connector front face and the end 31 of a contact 30. As can be seen, the path length P 1 to the face 43 of shielding ground 40 is less than P 2 , to the end 31 of contact 30. If ESD were moved downwardly, these path lengths would be altered to a point such that they were the same or P 2 less than P 1 ; but in such case, the path length to the cross piece 45 of shield 40 would assure a discharge to the shielding ground rather than to the end of a contact. As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the grounding shield 40 includes a front face 41 and a projecting portion 42 that extends outwardly therefrom to cover over the projecting portion 23 of housing 20. The portion 42 extends to define the face 43 with slits 44a and 44b extending across face 43 to allow access to the slots 27a and 27b and access to the contacts contained within the housing. Between slits 44a and 44b is a cross piece 45 that is formed to fit within the groove 26 of the housing and perform the function heretofore mentioned relative to electrostatic discharge from a source more or less centered on the connector front face. As can be discerned, apertures such as 46 may be engaged by latch elements on the housing to latch the shielding ground 40 to the housing. Additionally, apertures 47 may be provided to receive fasteners that attach the connector to a face plate, panel, or facade or equipment, or alternatively, to receive fasteners that lock the connector 10 to a connector mated thereto. A mated connector would typically be connected to wires or cables from equipment served by the components on a printed circuit board associated with connector 10. Such mated connector would typically also have a metallic grounding shield surrounding the forward end of the connector and dimensioned to engage the grounding shield 40 proximate the portion 42 to preclude static built up from the connector, the cable, or on an operator's hand assembling the connectors discharging onto a contact within connector 10 to cause a problem. In a version of the grounding shield, the shield may include rear portions that would fit over the connector housing and a forward portion 42 that would surround a forward portion of the housing, containing a face 43, slots 44a and 44b and a cross member 45. The rear portion may be enclosed, the cross member extending completely across the forward portion 42; to accommodate a slightly different type of connector but nevertheless provide electrostatic discharge protection to contacts contained within a housing within a shield. Another version of a grounding shield could contain three slits separated by members to accommodate a connector having three slots in the housing and three rows of contacts. As can be appreciated from the foregoing, there is provided a grounding shield structure fitted over a connector to include slits therein defining conductive paths to ground that have surface edges invariably closer to the source of an electrostatic discharge than contacts contained within a housing and within such grounding shield. There may be a variety of different constructions, including one along the lines disclosed wherein the grounding shield is formed of thin metallic stock, stamped, formed or drawn, as well as grounding shields of similar geometric configuration formed otherwise, as for example, by a plating of the plastic housing over the front portions thereof, such housing being suitably grounded.

Claims: An electrical connector (10) of a type utilized to interconnect circuits having electrostatic discharge sensitive components, the connector (10) including an insulating housing (20) having a projecting portion (23) exposed in the use of the connector and a rear portion (21) for connection to a circuit, the said projecting portion (23) having a front face containing openings (27a,27b) opening into the housing, an array of contacts (30) having ends (31) positioned proximate to said openings and further ends (34) adapted to be connected to circuits containing the components and positioned within the said rear portion (21) of the housing, and a metallic grounding shield (40) covering the forward portion of the housing and having slits (44a,44b) surrounding said openings and being of a sufficient width to admit the mating contacts of a connector mating with said electrical connector (10) and defining metallic edges positioned to be the shortest path from a source of electrostatic discharge to the grounding shield (40) from the exterior of the electrical connector (10), wherein a cross piece (45) of the shield (40) is received in a groove (26) in the front face of the projecting portion (23); characterized in that said openings are in the form of slots (27a,27b), the groove (26) being between the slots (27a,27b); and in that the cross piece (45), which is formed integrally with the remainder of the metal shield (40), is of generally C-shaped cross section, having a convex front face which is substantially flush with the front face of the projecting portion (23). An electrical connector as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a pair of opposed contacts (30) is secured in each of the slots (27a,27b), one contact (30) of each pair being nearer to an insulating wall between the slots (27a,27b) than the other contact of said pair and more remote from the front face of the projecting portion (23) than said other contact (30) of the pair. A connector as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contacts (30) have rear ends (33) which are bent down substantially at right angles at a plurality of different locations spaced from the rear face of the projecting portion (23) of the housing (20). A connector as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the groove (26) has a forwardly directed projection, the cross-piece (45) having an inner bent surface which at least partly encloses the projection.

Inventors: KODAMA HIROMITSU, KODAMA, HIROMITSU
Applicants: WHITAKER CORP, THE WHITAKER CORPORATION
Application year: 1992
Main classification: H01R13
IPC codes: H05F3, H01R13