HIGH EFFICIENCY CONCENTRATING TYPE PV GENERATOR SYSTEM WITH POSSIBILITY OF DIRECT AC PRODUCTION

Abstract: The invention consists of a thermophotovoltaic system of concentrating type photovoltaic cells, which presents the following improvements : a) the efficiency of the crystalline photovoltaic cells can be more than doubled by the transformation of the solar radiation spectrum into a narrow band infrared spectrum (852 to 894 nm wavelength) representing the maximum sensitivity of the cells; b) stabilisation and control of the temperature of the emissive tungsten mantle resulting in maximization of the system efficiency; c) possibility of direct current production with the maximum sensitivity of the photovoltaic cells; d) possibility of alternating current production, with the photovoltaic cells appropriately wired, by rotation of the tungsten mantle with or without cooperation of the control grids; e) possibility of direct conversion of the thermal radiation produced by the combustion of conventional fuels, such as H and O, by the transformation of the thermal energy into a narrow band infrared radiation, and its conversion into direct or alternating current by the thermophotovoltaic system.

Description: High Efficiency concentrating type PV Generator System with possibility of direct AC production The invention refers to systems for the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity with the use of concentrating type PV cells. Photovoltaic (PV) cells of several types are widely used for the direct conversion of solar energy into Direct Current (DC) . From the technology point of view the electricity produced by the PV cells (which when incorporated into compound systems of the concentrating or the planar type will be referred to in the following as PV Generators or simply as PV) can be produced in desirably high power levels and serve consumers of both DC as well as AC (by converting DC to AC with electronic DC to AC inverters ) , . it can be stored in batteries, or as hydraulic energy in storage dams or as chemical energy in the form of Hydrogen by electrolysing v/ater. As a source of energy solar energy is clean, abundant and relatively equally distributed at least in the mild climate and tropical countries. Its exploitation with PV could solve in a great extend the problem of the environmental pollution as well. The Systems of planar PV Generators known today are consisted on the one hand of the PV Generators, which have alone a cost 3 till 5 times higher than the feasibility - cost level for PV, which amounts to 1500 $/kW approximately, and on the other hand of the Balance. of the System (BOS) which consists of the electronic devices for the control and conversion of the DC into AC, the supports, the connections, the cables etc, which have a cost 1 till 2 times higher than the above mentioned feasibility cost level for the PV Systems, which become so for the present and the near future till at least the year 2000 not feasible. Correspondingly the concentrating type Systems of PV Generators known today consist on the one hand of the PV Generators with the corresponding concentrating and sun-tracking system, which have a cost 2 till 3 times higher than the above feasibility cost level of the PV Systems and on the other hand of the Balance of the System (BOS), which is approximately the same with this one of the planar PV Generators and costs also 1 till 2 times higher than the feasibility cost level of PV, thus making and the concentrating type PV Generator Systems unfeasible, too. The efforts for the construction of simple concentrating type PV Generators with heating of an intermediate Tungsten Mantle which would consequently reradiate onto suitable PV cells for shifting the solar spectrum towards the infrared and improvement of the relative efficiency (without connection to Cesium Plasma) were not fruitful because of their inability to stabilize the operation-temperature of the Tungsten Mantle during the wide variations in the energy density of the incident solar radiation. On the other hand the existence only of the conventional electronic inverters and the rest electronic equipment of the BOS for the control and conversion of the DC into AC, with a cost of itself alone higher than the feasibility cost level of PV (and small hope to drop it drastically with mass production) discouraged mass investments by the industry for the improvement and commercialisation of the PV, inspite of their decisive rest advantages. The same as above factors (high cost and low efficiency) discouraged up to now the use of PV for the direct conversion of the thermal energy radiated during the combustion of several elements into electricity as it was proposed in several occasions, too. The present invention constitutes a practically applicable (with already existing known materials) and economically feasible way for the solution of the above problems and making feasible and commercially attractive the proposed concentrating type PV Generator Systems i.e.: I. With the transformation of the solar or thermal radiation spectrum into a Radiation Spectrum 1-70 in a narrow band of the infrared, exactly on the maximum of the sensitivity curve of the PV cells, it results in more than doubling the efficiency of the incorporated in the new System of PV Generators, commercially available today, concentrating type PV cells from crystalline Silicon or InP or GaAs etc. (Possibility of Amplification (I)i or System of Amplification (I)ϊ) and in this case the cost of the PV Generators (including the cost of the concentrating system without the cost of BOS) drops down around 1000$/k (i.e. to 2/3 of the feasibility cost level for PV even for moderate annual production volumes) . II. A system is further foreseen for the stabilisation of the temperature of the Tungsten Mantle (Possibility of Stabilisation (II) j ' or System of Stabilisation (11)^) resulting in the anticipation of a reliable system operation period exceeding the 20 years and at the same time in the optimisation of the PV System efficiency. III. It gives the possibility to produce Direct Current (Possibility of DC (IΙI)i) with more than double the efficiency presented by the same PV cells for the same amount of concentrated Solar Energy 1-51 without transformation of its spectrum from AMI,5 or AM1,0 etc into a Radiation of infrared Spectrum 1-70 and cost of the PV Generators in the order of 1000$/kW P_ as above. The cost of the Balance of the System (BOS) for the production of DC only, includes mainly the electrical connections, the electrical switchboards of power and electronics, the cost of land and the cost of site preparation, cost of studies etc., which is anticipated to be in the order of 300-400 $/kW_ i.e. total cost of the System of PV Generators below the feasibility cost level oi PV even for moderate annual production volumes. IV. The invention permits the direct generation of AC current with a different use of the components of the System in paragraph III above which means that the cost of electronics of the conventional BOS is practically eliminated and the total cost of the new BOS for direct production of AC with its connections, the switchboard, the cables, studies etc drops below the 500 $/kW_ thus resulting in making feasible the cost of the total new System of concentrating type PV Generators and competitive to the cost of the conventional power production units (Possibility of AC (IV)*). Also the new System of concentrating type PV Generators with its high efficiency and its feasible cost, permitting at the same time or alternatively the possibility of direct conversion to electricity of the thermal radiation too, for example from the combustion of Hydrogen and Oxygen, makes feasible the realisation of the Solar Hydrogen Economy in all sections (Possibility of Thermal Radiation Conversion to Electricity (V) ), for example the construction of the first really autonomous and economical electric car, which will be moved electrically by the direct conversion into DC or AC of the thermal radiation from the combustion of Solar Hydrogen and Oxygen (for example in vacuum or under pressure without emission of any pollutant whatsoever and which will be in addition capable, by using an independent "Household" or portable concentration system of the solar radiation,to produce itself from the sun, when it doesn't move, the solar Hydrogen and Oxygen which it needs for its annual operation (with production of electric current and subsequent water electrolysis), or the construction of really independent solar power stations in islands etc, which will produce electricity for the grid and will store the excess electricity which will not be absorbed by the grid in the form of Hydrogen and Oxygen from water electrolysis. Afterwards these same stations will be capable, without other investments to convert back into electric current DC or AC the stored Hydrogen and Oxygen (by their relative combustion in vacuum or under pressure and without emission of any pollutant to the environment), when they need to cover the load during the night or during hours of low intensity of solar radiation etc. The detailed analysis of how the above innovative characteristics and Possibilities I, II, III, IV and V of the concentrating type PV Generators A* of the present invention are succeeded is given in the following: For the Possibilities I, II, III and IV it is given by using as example the description of the System of concentrating type PV Generators (or PV Generator A or simply A^) which follows, while the analysis of the Possibility V is given using as example the description of the Family of Systems of PV Generators Ag in the following, where the lower index j denotes the basic Family of Systems of PV Generators, where the said System of PV Generator belongs and it is identical with the number of the relative Claim as well as with the number of the relative Drawing, while the higher index i denotes the Subfamily of Systems of PV Generators A x within a Family of Systems of PV Generators AJ as above and is usually identical with the relative lower index j of the System of PV Generators of another Claim, which we make member of the said Family of Systems of PV Generators by changing one or more of its components or characteristics. 1. A System of concentrating type PV Generator j - In the following is given the description of a typical System of concentrating type PV Generator A^ with high efficiency and direct production of AC current. Such a typical System of PV Generator A^ is shown in the Drawing No 1 and is consisted from the Primary Concentration System of the Solar Radiation 1-51 (for example the Parabolic Reflector 1-52 which tracks the sun rotating around two axis, the Horizontal one 1-55 and the Vertical one 1-56, supported by the supporting Leg 1-57 which is rooted into the Foundation 1-58 and is tracking the sun by a conventional sun-tracking system with photo-cells and microprocessor) and the Secondary System of concentration of the Solar Radiation (i.e. the Secondary Reflector 1-1, which consists of the incoming window 1-62, the Internal Reflector 1-60, the External Reflector 1-61, the Outcoming Window 1-53 and the Cooling System 1-59) which directs the Solar Rays 1-51, which have been first reflected by the Parabolic Reflector 1-52, into the System 1-54, which incorporates the following innovative characteristics and Possibilities i.e. a) the Possibility of Amplification (I)χ of the efficiency with the transformation of the spectrum of the solar or thermal radiation into a spectrum 1-70, b) tae Possibility of Stabilisation (11)^ of the temperature of the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 c) the Possibility of D.C, (III)]; of DC production with more than double the normal conventional efficiency and d) the Possibility of A.C. (IV)^ of the direct production of AC from the PV Mantles l-10a,b of the System. The detailed description of the above innovative characteristics and Possibilities follows below: I. Amplification Possibility (I) or Amplification System (1)^ of the efficiency of the PV cells 1-43 The Amplification Possibility (1)^ is a system of amplification of the efficiency of the PV cells 1-43 of the thermophotovoltaic conversion, with transformation of the spectrum of the incoming concentrated solar (or thermal) radiation from a spectrum AMI,5 or AM1,0 (or spectrum of thermal radiation) into a spectrum of a narrow band of the infrared from 852 till 894 nm. This is succeeded by the uniform concentration of the radiation hosted into the Cavity-Light Trap 1-3, Solar 1-51 (or other) onto a thin Mantle 1-5 made of a material resistant to high temperature, for example Tungsten, which is located in a separate Vacuum Cavity 1-2 and is heated to an optimised operating temperature for example 1800°C, where the evaporation rate of Tungsten is negligible. Inside the same Vacuum Cavity 1-2 with Tungsten Mantle 1-5 there exists also a small quantity of Ce sium (Cs), which with the heating of the Vacuum Cavity 1-2 and the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 by the concentrated solar radiation 1-51 it evaporates and produces Ce sium Vapor 1-6, which must have an atom density of 1 till 8xl0 21 atoms of Cesium per cubic meter of volume, in order to get high efficiency in the transformation of the solar spectrum. The density can be given by the relation of Cesium vapor pressure to temperature, which is: P Cs - 2,45xl0 8 (T Cs )" 1 2 *exp(-8910/T Cs ) Successively therefore if the Vacuum Cavity 1-2 of the PV Generator A^ would be connected to a Cesium boiler and the whole system be heated up to 250° till 270°C, till the Cesium Vapor 1-6 pressure reaches the 5 * 10"' Torr and then the Vacuum Cavity 1-2 be sealed, then the Cesium Vapor atoms density will be in the above mentioned limits. In the Vacuum Cavity 1-2 and in small distance from the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 for example 1 cm (for a diameter of the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 of the order of 10 till .20 cm, length of the Mantle 1-5, of the order of 20 till 60 cm and poj-er of the PV Generator A of the order of 1 till 10 kW p ) we put a Molybdenum Grid 1-7 with a corespondent shape. Tungsten in 1800 ° C emits a cloud of thermal electrons , which excites . the atoms of Cesium Vapor 1-6 to radiate in their two main spectral lines i.e. at the 852 and 894 n of wavelength, which correspond to 1,46 and 1,39 eV respectively (i.e. an ideal spectrum for coupling with PV cells of Crystalline Silicon (Si), Galium-Arsenide (GaAs) and Indium Phosphide (InP) with band gap energies 1,12, 1,43 and 1,35 eV respectively). It has been proven experimentally that for Cesium plasma atoms density in the region (l-8)xl0' 1 tx atoms per πr3 and for temperatures of the emitted electrons in the region of 2000-3000°K (1730-2730°C), then the Cesium Plasma vapor 1-6 can transform up to 70 till 80% of the emitted radiation in radiation within the band 852 till 894 nm of wavelength (the emitted thermal electrons from the glowing Tungsten Mantle 1-5 after they have excited in radiation the Cesium Plasma atoms, they are collected by the opposite laying in small distance Molybdenum Grid 1-7 and through a Conductive Connection 1-8 which can bear also an external system for the regulation and control of the resistance of the conductive connection they close a circuit and return to the Tungsten Mantle 1-5). Because of the shape of the Cavity-Light-Trap 1-3, about 90 till 95% of the incoming Solar Radiation 1-51 focuses uniformly onto the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 and finally is transferred as incoming/outcoming radiation to the Cesium Plasma vapor l-6a,b. The outer glass Window-Infrared Filter 1-9 of the Vacuum Cavity 1-2 (which forms the "Window" of communication and radiation of the system of Cesium Plasma l-6a,b towards the Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b which surrounds it) can bear suitable layers, which transform it to a selective filter where only the narrow infrared Radiation band 1-70 from 852 till 894 nm can pass through, while all the rest radiation outside the transmission band is reflected back to the inside and onto the glowing Tungsten Mantle 1-5 thus contributing in maintaining its temperature, and afterwards through the known mechanism above, it is transformed again by 70-80% into radiation inside the band 852 till 894 nm which passes through the outer selective Window Filter 1-9 and reaches the Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b while the rest percentage is reflected once more inwards and so on. In this way more than 90% of the energy concentrated in the Cavity-Light-Trap 1-3 by the Concentrating System 1-52 and 1-1 as Solar Radiation 1-51 with spectrum type AMI,5 or AM1,0 is finally transformed by the Cesium Plasma vapor 1-6 into infrared Radiation 1-70 in the band 852 till 894 nm, it passes through the selective outer Window-Filter 1-9 and falls on the Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b which surrounds it. Due to the fact that the PV cells 1-43 have been selected, as mentioned above, to present their maximum efficiency in the infrared band 852 till 894 nm, results a total efficiency of the PV cells 1-43, which is more than double the efficiency they would present if they had been exposed directly to the concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51 (of the Concentrating System 1-52 and 1-1) with spectrum AMI,5 or AM1,0, without the interference of the Amplification System (I) . S II. Stabilisation Possibility (II)]; or Stabilisation System (II)]; of the Tungsten Mantle temperature All previous patents for the realisation of Thermophotovoltaic Systems with intermediate heating of a Tungsten Mantle in order to move the solar spectrum towards the infrared, didn't foresee any system for the regulation of temperature of the Tungsten Mantle in order to keep it constant around 1800°C (which is considered as optimised temperature for the emmitance of infrared spectrum because it results in negligible evaporation of Tungsten) . Indeed for a change of the energy of the incident solar spectrum type AMI,5 from 100 till 1000 W/m 2 , as it is usual during the year, then the temperature of the relative Tungsten Mantle for glowing and emission of infrared spectrum to the relative PV cells would vary from 900 β C under, till 1600°C over the optimised operation temperature of 1800°C, depending if the temperature of 1800°C had been calculated to correspond to 1000 W/m 2 or to 100 W/m 2 respectively (i.e. the thermophotovoltaic system would be incapable to operate or would operate with high evaporation rate of the relative Tungsten Mantle in 80 till 90% of the real range of change of the solar radiation energy). (The 1800°C consists a first approximation of the optimum operation temperature of the Tungsten Mantle and they are only an indicative temperature for the present invention, which extends to whatsoever optimised temperature of operation of the relative Tungsten Mantle) . It is therefore evident from the above that it is necessary to develop a system of temperature control of the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 in order to keep its temperature near the 1800°C (for example 1800±30°C) without affecting the reliability or the efficiency of the System of the PV Generator A]; as a whole. One solution given for the above problem (without being limitating for this invention) consists in changing the volume of the Cavity Light Trap (i.e. of 1-3), which accepts the changing amount of the concentrated solar (or thermal) radiation energy, in order to keep constant (or regulated) the energy density of the concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51 (in W/cnr of volume of 1-3 or in W/cm 2 of the active side-wall surface of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3). In this.way the density of the energy coming through the Glass Cover 1-4 and is absorbed by the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b remains constant or regulated and consequently does so the temperature of the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b, too. To this purpose at the one end of the passing-through cylindrical Cavity-Light Trap 1-3 is situated the system of the secondary Reflector 1-1, which brings into the interior of the 1-3 the concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51. The Secondary Reflector 1-1 can slide along the whole length of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3 independently or symmetrically to the middle of 1-3 in coordination with the Reflective Piston 1-16 below. • The other end of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3 is closed by a Reflective Piston 1-16 (which can be moved along the whole length of 1-3 independently or symmetrically and in coordination with the Secondary Reflector 1-1 as above) so that it covers as a reflector the cross section of 1-3 (which either it closes hermeticaly or alternatively it leaves along its periphery a suitable Passage l-18c for the cooling air, but which would not reduce the Reflective Surface 1-15 16 of the 1-16), and reflects towards the inner of 1-3 and onto its side wall surface practically all the concentrated solar radiation which reaches it. In this way it is possible with suitable continuous movement (or movement in steps equal to the height of predetermined zones of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3) of the Reflective Piston 1-16 alone independently or in collaboration and symmetrical movement toward the middle of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3 with the Secondary Reflector 1-1 as above, to keep constant the operating temperature of the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b and the relative density of electric current production from the relative part of the Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b. The regulation of the movement of the Reflective Piston 1-16 or/and the Secondary Reflector 1-1 can be effected either electronically with an appropriate servomechanism or mechanically or hydraulically with an appropriate hydraulic or hydraulic-pneumatic expansion mechanism (which will operate based on the changing quantity of incoming heat into the expansion mechanism, proportional to the primary solar radiation 1-51) which will affect and regulate the reciprocation within a bow of 90° of a System of Double Reciprocation (1-35, l-3όa,b, l-37a,b and l-38a,b) as mentioned below. In case of an electronical servomechanism the moving control of the Reflective Piston 1-16 or/and of the Secondary Reflector 1-1 will be performed on the basis of electronic measurement of. the solar energy with an appropriate pyranometer and microprocessor or local automation system. III. Possibility of DC Production with more than double the normal efficiency of the PV cells The System of the concentrating type PV Generator A (for example the A; ), besides its completely innovative characteristic of producing directly Alternative Current, it gives the possibility of Direct Current production with more than double the efficiency presented by the same PV cells 1-43 of the Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b if they accepted directly the concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51, without its transformation into infrared spectrum 1-70 Radiation (DC Possibility (III)J). This results from the Diagram 1-63 which shows the curve 1-64 of the Solar Spectrum type AM1,0 as a function of the Spectrum Energy 1-68 (in kW/πr*μm)related to the corespondent Wavelength λ 1-69 (in μm) . (the 1-66 corresponds to the visible part of 1-64 ) . Further-on • the s ame Diagram 1 - 63 s hows the Sensitivity Curve 1-67 of a typical concentrating type cell 1-43 from crystalline Silicon, selected so that its maximum sensitivity correlates with the wavelengths of the spectral lines 1-70 emitted by the Cesium Plasma vapor 1-6 (852 till 894 nm) . The above typical sensitivity curve 1-67 lies within the wider area 1-65 which represents the range of values for sensitivities of different types of crystalline Silicon PV cells to a source with constant brightness. The efficiency of the said concentrating type crystalline Silicon PV cells 1-43 of the Mantle of PV cells -1-10, which have the sensitivity curve 1-67 for intercepting the solar spectrum with energy curve 1-64 (AM1,0), results as the integral of the energy χ for each wavelength of 1-64 multiplied by the relative sensitivity value ε λ of the sensitivity curve 1-67 for the corresponding wavelength from λ=0,3 um till λ-l,2μm multiplied by the maximum efficiency i^^ of the PV cells 1-43 for the area of their max sensitivity (The value ε maχ of the sensitivity of the curve 1-67 for its maximum at approximately 870 nm is taken equal to 1,0 and for its other regions it is taken as a relative portion of unity) this means that it will be: of the same PV cells 1-43 of the Mantle of PV Cells 1-10a,b when they accept the spectrum AM1,0 with curve 1-64 transformed into a spectrum with energy curve 1-70 which is emitted by the Cesium Plasma vapor 1-6 of the Amplification System (I) , will be equal to n l-70 ~ "max * ε max * n λ ( I ) l (where £_._„ = 1 , 0 and is the efficiency of the system of transformation of the spectrum AM1,0 with curve 1-64 into an infrared spectrum with curve 1-70, which is here estimated to be equal to 0,90). The increase of the P/V cells 1-43 efficiency will then result from the equation: n l-70 "max * λ ' ° ' °' 90 °' 90 = 2,043 or !.!_-, - = 2,043 • n 1 _ 64 that is more than doubling of the normal efficiency of the PV cells 1-43 of the Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b (valid for solar radiation spectrum 1-64 (AM1,0 etc)). For the production of DC as above besides the Amplification System (I) ]; and the Stabilization System (II)l of the temperature of the Tungsten Mantles l-5a,b described above, participate also the following components alone or in collaboration with others as described below: The Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b has the same Geometry with the Components of the Amplification System (I) ]; of the efficiency (in this case it is cylindrical) and surrounds the Window Infrared Filter 1-9 at a short distance (for example 5-lOmm) . The Mantle of PV cells l-10a,b is divided in two equal semicylindrical parts the 1-lOa .and 1-lOb each consisting of thin, long orthogonal PV cells 1-43 from crystalline Silicon (or InP or GaAs etc) connected in series in thin semirings of PV cells 1-44 with Blocking Diodes 1-45 at the ends, which are connected among them in parallel, in order to create the two independent Mantles of PV cells the 1-lOa and 1-lOb each with semicylindrical shape and connection between them of the type 1-41 (in parallel) for the case of DC production or with connection between them of the type 1-42 (in series with earthed the middle common terminal 1-47 so that the end terminals 1-25 to present symmetrically opposite voltage +V Q and -Vg for symmetrical, uniform illumination of the 1-lOa and 1-lOb) for the case of AC production as described below. The change-over from Connection type 1-41 (DC Production) to Connection type 1-42 (AC Production) is effected by a Change-Over Switch 1-48 from position A (Connection 1-41) to position B (Connection 1-42) and vice-versa (or by another equivalent combination of change-over switches). The width of each Semiring 1-44 of in series connected PV-cells 1-43 may begin from a percentage of a mm till several mm. As type of PV cells 1-43 may be used for example the Back Point Contact PV cells of Crystalline Silicon of Dr. R. M. Swanson of Stanford University with efficiency in the range of 22% till 28%, which when incorporated for example in the Mantle of PV Cells 1-10 a,b of the present invention they can result, for DC production (DC Possibility (III)];), in an efficiency of the System of PV Generator A]; of the order of 45% till 57% (i.e. we can approach the theoretical efficiency limit of the PV conversion (which is estimated to 65-70%), something expected, since a well developed PV cell as above accepts almost monochromatic radiation on the maximum of its sensitivity curve 1-67) , while at the same time such an efficiency becomes competitive or even better from the corresponding ones of the most efficient known today cycles of transformation of whatsoever kind of chemical or thermal energy into electric current. Furthermore could be used the high voltage microchip PV cells of John Evans of the US PV Corporation (Microchip Planar Multijunction High Voltage Silicon Solar Cells) with contacts at the back-side and constant voltage of about 3,0 V each for solar concentration over 10-15 suns etc. The intermediate Passage l-18b is going through and is free to air draught circulation, which cools the Window Infrared Filter 1-9, the Reflective Mantle 1-17 and the front surface of the PV Cells 1-43 of the Mantle of PV Cells l-10a,b. Inside the cylindrical Passage l-18b is located the Reflective Mantle 1-17 in order to reflect back to the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b the Radiation with spectrum 1-70 during certain operation phases. For the production of DC only (DC Possibility (III)J) the Reflective Mantle 1-17 is divided in two equal cylindrical Reflective Mantles the l-17c and l-17d each of length equal to half the length of the Mantle of PV Cells l-10a,b, which move in combination, at the same height and in absolute coordination with the reflective surfaces l-15^g (of the Reflective Piston 1-16) and 1-15 1 (of the Secondary Reflector 1-1) respectively. In this way they reflect back inwards on the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b the parasitic Radiation 1-70 which is emitted outside the desired Zone l-3a of constant energy density Radiation 1-70 of the Mantles of PV Cell ' s l-10a,b. The coordination of the movement of the l-17c and l-17d with the 1-16 and 1-1 respectively is performed by the System of Double Reciprocation of the Crankshaft 1-35, the Shovers 1-36a,b, the Pistons 1-37 ,b and the Arms l-38a,b with a Crankshaft 1-35 diameter D equal to the length of the Mantle of PV Cells l-10a,b (the Reflective Mantles l-17c and l-17d can alternatively for the production of DC only (DC Possibility (III)];) to be removed completely with a slight deterioration of the efficiency due to losses of parasitic Radiation 1-70). The back side of the PV cells 1-43 of the Mantle of PV Cells l-10a,b is in contact and cooled by the metallic (for example of copper) Cooling Mantle 1-11, which together with the external insulated metal Insulating Mantle 1-13 creates the Cooling Medium Space of circulation 1-12, which through the Tubes of Circulation 1-14 removes the heat from the PV cells 1-43 and keeps their temperature to low levels (for example below 60°C) in order to have higher efficiency. The cooling medium can be water or other liquid which circulates with natural circulation or by means of a circulating pump and transfers the removed heat to a special Insulated Container 1-46 of appropriate capacity for further use ( for example hot water for household uses ) . The whole system creates therefore a hybrid solar collector with simultaneous production of electricity by PV cells . Alternatively the heat transfer from the Cooling Mantle 1-11 of the PV cells 1-43 to the Insulated hot water Container 1-46 can be effected by heat pipes, which are circulated by a special organic evaporating fluid as the cooling medium, calculated to evaporate and keep the PV Cells 1-43 temperature to the desired low level in order to succeed high efficiency. In this case the external surface of the Cooling Mantle 1-11 bears a dense bundle of parallel cooling fins, which consist the prolongation of the internal fins of the heat pipe, so that the total operates as a transporter-evaporator of the cooling liquid of the heat pipe. The other end of the heat pipe is dived in the water of the hot water container 1-46 to which it delivers, by condensation of the vapor of the cooling medium, the heat absorbed from the PV Cells 1-43. IV. Possibility of direct A.C. production from the Mantles of PV cells l-10a,b The invented innovative System of a concentrating type PV generator * (for example the A ] ;) incorporates a revolutionary possibility (A.C. Possibility (IV)];) cf direct transformation of the DC produced by the PV Cells 1-43 of the Mantles of PV Cells 1-lOa and 1-1Ob (wired with a connection type 1-42) into AC with desired frequency and waveform (for example 50 Hz, sine form) and efficiency of the transformation greater than 0,90 and for certain variations of the AC Possibility (IV)^ (for example for cooperation of the Reflective Mantles l-17a,b with the Control Grids l-27a,b) with efficiency very close to unity, in collaboration with the rest components as described in the following. The AC Possibility (IV)]; results from the DC Possibility (IΙI)i as follows: The Change-Over Switch 1-48 is transferred from the position A (Connection 1-41) to the position B (Connection 1-42). The reflective Mantles l-17c,d either, (i) they continue to work as in the operation of the DC Possibility (III) , or (ii) they are completely removed (as for example in the case of using only the control grid l-27a,b and the control voltage regulator l-28a,b for AC production) or (iii) they are transformed into two equal semicylindrical Reflective Mantles the l-17a and l-17b with length each equal to the double length of the PV Mantle l-10a,b (for example by constructing each of the l-17c,d from two successive Reflective Mantles 1-170^ 2 and l-17d 1 2 with possibility of dividing them in semicylinders, which will each four of them compose the new semicylindrical Reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b) or (iv) they remain in use as in (i) above with additional use of reserve onepiece-each semicylindrical reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b, which are driven in a combined double reciprocation in front of the PV Mantles l-10a,b with successive phases of operation the l-19a and i-19b respectively, with a phase difference of 180° between them, driven by the double reciprocation system (consisting of the Crankshaft 1-35 the Shovers l-36a,b, the Pistons l-37a,b and the Arms l-38a,b) which permits variation of the length of reciprocation of the Reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b (by changing the length of the Arms l-38a,b of the Crankshaft 1-35 as well as of the Shovers l-37a,b), depending on the position of the Stabilisation System (II)]; of the Tungsten Mantles l-5a,b temperature, i.e. of the position of the Reflective Piston 1-16 and of the Secondary Reflector 1-1 in the cylindrical Cavity Light .Trap 1-3. The Double Reciprocation System (1-35, l-36a,b, l-37a,b, l-38a,b) is foreseen to exist twice and at the DC Possibility (III)]; works only one of them reciprocating back and forth within a bow of 90° coordinating the symmetrical with respect to the middle of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3, movement of the l-17c, l-17d, 1-16, and 1-1 respectively, while in the AC Possibility (IV) ^ operates also the second Double Reciprocation System connected with the semicylindrical Reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b, where by rotating the Crankshaft 1-35 with constant angular speed and the desired frequency (of the AC to be produced) it forces the two Reflective Mantles 1-17a and l-17b to a double reciprocation with the same frequency and a phase difference of 180° in front of the respective PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb, where for the succession of operation phases l-19a and l-19b respectively, results the sinuisodal Curve of combined Current Production 1-21 iro the two PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb. It is evident that only the Semirings of PV cells 1-44 of the PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb which are not shaded each time from the Reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b produce electricity while the rest of them not. In addition since the surface of the PV Cells 1-43 producing electricity each time (which are not shaded as above) in the PV Mantle 1-lOa or 1-lOb varies sinusoidaly with the time, it is proved that (for constant energy density of the Radiation 1-51 in the Cavity Light Trap 1-3, which results in constant temperature of the Tungsten Mantles l-5a. and l-5b and the resulting constant energy density of the Radiation with infrared spectrum 1-70 from the Cesium plasma l-6a,b the resulting Current Production Curve 1-21 is sinuisodal with the same frequency as this one of the reciprocation of the reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b. The energy of the Infrared Radiation 1-70 destined for the PV Cells 1-43 which are shaded is not lost but is reflected by the relative Reflective Mantle 1-17 back into the Amplification System { I) where it increases slightly (by certain few degrees Celsius only) the temperature of this part of the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 which is opposite to the reflecting part of the relative Reflecting Mantle 1-17. In this way the reflected Infrared Radiation 1-70 is temporarily stored as thermal energy in the Tungsten Mantle 1-5 and is delivered back as Infrared Radiation 1-70 to the PV Cells 1-43 of the PV Mantle l-10a,b during the next phase of reciprocal movement of the relative Mantle 1-17 during which they are not shaded (with respective reduction by certain few degrees of the temperature of the opposite located ^ part of the Tungsten Mantle 1-5). The reflective Mantle l-17a,b for reasons of better energy efficiency must have high reflectivity, while it will be cooled by an air draught (which can create itself with its movement) inside the cylindrical Passage l-18b between the Window Filter 1-9 and the PV Mantle l-10a,b. In this way the systems of the PV Cells 1-43 and the PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb above, when subject to the periodical shading radiation with Radiation of spectrum 1-70 (for example with sinuisodal frequency of 50 cycles per second) produce a combined Current Production Curve 1-21 of sinuisodal form, 50 Hz, whose intensity and active value are proportional to the respective total energy of the incident Solar Radiation 1-51 (with spectrum for example 1-64) and to the respectively resulting total energy of the transformed Infrared spectrum Radiation 1-70. The periodic reciprocating movement of the Reflective Mantles l-17a,b,c,d can be given easily and with low cost by two Double Reciprocation Systems as mentioned above, but their use is only indicative and doesn't restrict the present invention only to them. The described above AC Possibility (IV)-j; (without the activation of the Control Grids l-27a,b and the Control Voltage Regulators l-28a,b) constitutes the first mechanical arrangement for the transformation of DC to AC with desired frequency (which is defined by the RPM of the Crankshaft 1-35 as above). But the complete operation of the AC Possibility (IV)* includes alsp the activation of the Control Grids l-27a,b in combination with the operation of the Control Voltage Regulators l-28a,b as described below. The Control Grids l-27a,b and the Control Voltage Regulators l-28a,b which remained inactive in the DC Possibility (III)];, here in the Complete AC Possibility (IV)^ are activated for the regulation (with appropriate control voltages) of the flow of thermal electrons from the Tungsten Mantles l-5a,b towards the Molybdenum Grids l-7a,b, in .collaboration with the operation of the Reflective Mantles l-17a,b in order to improve the efficiency of the DC to AC transformation. As a matter of fact during the phases of operation of the AC Possibility (IV)];, at the areas where the Reflective Mantles l-17a,b, are shading a part of the PV Mantles l-10a,b, there they reflect back inwards to the Amplification System (II)J the total of the emmited by the Cesium Plasma l-6a,b infrared Radiation 1-70 resulting to the production of losses because of imperfect reflection by the l-17a,b, imperfect permeability of the Window Infrared Filter 1-9 during two coming-through etc which are estimated at 10% approximately of the energy of the Radiation 1-70, but if during the phase of shading of a PV Mantle 1-10 in total or part of it (for example of the 1-lOa or the 1-lOb), the relative Control Grid l-27a or l-27b (the whole or part of it) imposed a "Cut-Off Voltage (i.e. a negative control voltage such as to annihilate the flow of thermal electrons from the relative Tungsten Mantle l-5a or l-5b (as a total or part of it) to the relative Molybdenum Grid l-7a or l-7b), then in this case should theoretically stop the emission by the Cesium Plasma l-6a or l-6b of the corresponding Radiation of Infrared spectrum 1-70, resulting to the annihilation of the relative losses. But in fact there remains a small percentage (about 10%) of Radiation 1-70 (either by radiation of the glowing Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b in the area of the infrared spectrum 1-70 or by parasitic irritation and radiation of the Cesium Plasma l-6a,b) , which causes a corresponding small- percentage of losses (approx. 10% of the initial ones) as above, thus resulting to the drastic improvement of the efficiency of the DC to AC transformation, which approaches this way the unity. During the operation phase where the Reflective Mantle l-17a,b doesn't shade the relative PV Cells 1-43 of the relative PV Mantle l-10a,b, the Control Grid l-27a,b may impose there positive constant Control Voltages for example the 1-31 or 1-32 or Control Voltages with special desired waveform (for example a corrective one etc) in order to optimise the efficiency or the waveform of the produced A.C. Curve 1-21. The described above A.C. Possibility (IV)]; (with the collaboration of the Control Grids 1-27a,b and the Control Voltage Regulators l-28a,b etc) constitute the Complete A.C. Possibility (IV) \, which presents high efficiency of DC to AC transformation and results in high quality of the desired AC wave forms. The above constitute the description of the System of the concentrating type PV Generator with its innovative characteristics and Possibilities. 2. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator A 2 A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A 2 as it is described above in the System of PV Generator which is characterised by that for the production of Alternating Current the cylindrical Mantle of PV Cells 2-10 is divided in two equal, symmetrical with respect to its middle, cylindrical PV Mantles the 2-10a and 2-10b, where the PV Cells 2-43 are connected in series in thin, parallel, adjacent Rings 2-44 with Blocking Diodes 2-45 at the ends and the Rings of PV Cells 2-44 are connected among themselves in parallel, in order to create two independent PV Mantles the 2-10a and 2-10b, each with a cylinder shape and are wired between them in a Connection type 1-41 (for DC production only) or in a Con nection type 1-42 (for the production of DC or AC) and the change-over from the Connection 1-41 to the Connection 1-42 and vice-versa is performed by the Change-Over Switch 1-45. Also by that the components of the Amplification System (I) 2 . of the efficiency of the PV Cells 2-42 (Tungsten Mantle 2-5, Cesium Plasma 2-6, Control Grid 2-27, Molybdenum Grid 2-7 and Reflective Mantle 2-17) are each divided in two equal cylindrical mantles 2-5a and 2-5b, 2-6a and 2-6b, 2-27a and 2-27b, 2-7a and 2-7b as well as 2-17a and 2-17b corresponding to the 2-10a and 2-10b while there exist two independent Control Voltage Regulators the 2-28a and 2-28b and two independent Conductive Connections 2-8a and 2-8b (of the 2-5a,b and 2-7a,b respectively) with possibility of external regulation of the conduction resistance. Also by that for the stabilisation of the temperature of the Tungsten Mantle 2-5a and 2-5b the Reflective Piston 2-16 and the Secondary Reflector 2-1 move symmetrically along the Cavity Light Trap 2-3 from the ends (maximum intensity of solar radiation) to its middle (minimum intension respectively) . Also by that the direct production of Alternating Current from the PV Mantles 2-10a and 2-10b results either (i) from the independent operation of the Reflective Mantle ' 2-17, as a composition to a united cylindrical Reflective Mantle 2-17 of the two partial Reflective Mantles 2-17a and 2-17b which takes place as follows: For the maximum intensity of the Solar Radiation 1-51 and outer position at the ends of the Cavity Light Trap 2-3 of the 2-16 and 2-1, the Reflective Mantles 2-17a and 2-17b located at a telescopic arrangement (which permits variation of the length of the composite Reflective Mantle 2-17 from a maximum equal to the double length of each of the individual PV Mantles 2-10a or 2-10b till a minimum (for example equal to half the maximum length of 2-17a,b or even smaller fraction of the same depending on the sections of division of the telescopic system of the Reflective Mantles 2-17a and 2-17b)), then will have opened telescopically in order to present the maximum length of the united Reflective Mantle 2-17 as above, while for intermediate intensities of the Solar Radiation 1-51 the composite Reflective Mantle 2-17 will present relative intermediate telescopic lengths respectively. The composite Reflective Mantle 2-17 as above will be driven reciprocating at the successive phases of its operation 2-19 with the desired frequency and variation of its linear velocity (for example sinuisodal) by the Reciprocation System (the Crankshaft 2-35 .(with diameter equal to the total length of the PV Mantle 2-10a,b), the Shover 2-36, the Piston 2-37 and the Arm 2-38) which permits also variation of the length of reciprocation of the 2-17 (for intermediate values of the intensity of the Solar Radiation 1-51 and relative intermediate positions, symmetrical to the middle of the Cavity Light Trap 2-3 of the 2-16 and 2-1 and relative telescopic symmetrical to its middle shortening of the length of 2-17) resulting to the production of the sinuisodal Current Production Curve 2-21, even for zero values of the Control Voltages as the 2-33a,b (lack of interference from the 2-27a,b) or (ii) from the combined operation of 2-27a and 2-27b with the reciprocal movement of 2-17 as above where the Control Grids 2-27a,b impose appropriate Control Voltages or "Cut-Off" Voltages for example like the 2-31a,b or the 2-32a,b, with which the efficiency of the direct DC to AC transformation by the 2-17a,b, 2-27a,b, 2-28a,b and 2-10a,b respectively is improved. 3. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator 3 • _> A. System of concentrating type PV Generator A3, as it is described above in the Systems of the PV Generators AJ and A^, which is characterised by that for the direct production of Alternating Current, the following components i..e. the cylindrical PV Mantle 3-10, the Glass Cover 3-4, the Tungsten Mantle 3-5, the Cesium Plasma 3-6, the Control Grid 3-27, the Molybdenum Grid 3-7 and the Window Infrared Filter 3-9 are divided in a number of, for example 10 Subinverters 3-24, which are separated among them by an equal number minus one of Empty (reflective outwards) Spacing Rings 3-23a, where in each Sub-inverter 3-24 each of its components 3-10, 3-5, 3-27 and 3-7 has the structure of a double mantle (i.e. 3-10a and 3-10b, 3-5a and 3-5b, 3-27a and 3-27b as well as 3-7a and 3-7b (where the Spacing Zones 3-22 of the 3-10a,b are zones reflective inwards) of construction and connection as the relative components 2-10a and 2-10b, 2-5a and 2-5b, 2-27a and 2-27b, 2-7a and 2-7b in the System of PV Generator A 2 above while there exist 10 relative pairs of components 3-28a and 3-28b (Control Voltage Regulators) and 3-8a and 3-8b (Conductive Connections of the 3-5a,b and 3-7a,b respectively with external regulation of the conduction resistance). Also by that the Reflective Mantle 3-17 is constructed by an equal number (and equal width with the Sub-inverters 3-24)," Reflective Zones 3-17 (each of which is neighboring with an equal number of Transparent Zones 3-23, each of width equal to the width of the Spacing Rings 3-23a or equal to the half-width of the 3-24 and 3-17). Also by that the Reflective Mantle 3-17 reciprocates with the desired frequency and form of variation of the linear reciprocation-velocity (for example sinuisodal) driven by a -simple Reciprocation System with Crankshaft 3-35 (for example without variation of the reciprocation length), where the movement of the Reflective Piston 3-16 or/and the Secondary Reflector 3-1 will be not continuous but in steps equal to the width of each Subinverter 3-24 plus the width of a Spacing Ring 3-23a, with location each time of the 3-16 or/and 3-1 at the beginning of each Sub-inverter 3-24 (with direction each time towards the middle of the Cavity Light Trap 3-3), resulting to the production of the. sinuisodal Curve of electric Current 3-21 even for zero Control Voltages by the Control Grids 3-27a,b. Also by that in a combined operation of the Control Grids 3-27a,b and the relative Control Voltage Regulators 3-28a,b with the Reflective Mantle 3-17 and by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages in combination with corresponding "Cut-Off" Voltages (for example the 3-3la,b) result the desired A.C. Curves, for example sinuisodal with improved efficiency as for example the 3-21. 4. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator A A System of a concentrating type PV Generator ^ as it is described in the Systems of the PV Generators Aj, A2 and A3 above, which is characterised by the arrangement of the System in a number of, for example 10 Sub-Inverters 4-24 without Spacing Rings 3-23a and arrangement of the Reflective Mantle 4-17 in two successive Reflective Mantles 4-17a and 4-17b each divided in an equal number of pairs of Reflective Zones 4-17a,b and Transparent Zones 4-23a,b each of width equal to the half of the width of each Sub-Inverter 4-24. Also by that with appropriate combination of the succession of the reciprocating movements 4-19a and 4-19b of the 4-17a and 4-17b, results the corresponding, for example sinuisodal Curve of Current Production 4-21. Also by that with the combined operation of the 4-17a,b with the Grids 4-27a,b and the Regulators 4-28a,b and by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages and "Cut-Off" Voltages, for example the 4-31a,b, result A.C. -Curves as the 4-21 with improved efficiency. 5. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator A A System of a concentrating type PV Generator ^ as it is described in the PV Generators A , A^, A3 and A above which is characterised by that for the production of Alternating Current the cylindrical PV Mantle 5-10 is divided in our equal cylindrical quadrants which form the PV Mantles 5-103 , 5-10a , 5-lOb-L and 5-10b 2 where the PV Cells 5-43 are connected in series in thin Strips 5-44 along the generator-line of the Cylinder with Blocking Diodes 5-45 at the end of each Strip and afterwards the Strips 5-44 of each Quadrant are connected in parallel, and then the pairs of opposite Quadrants i.e. the 5-lOa-^ and S-lOb^ ^ as well as the 5-10 2 and 5-10b2 are wired between them either with Connection type 1-41 (for D.C. production with removal of the Re lective Mantle 5-17) , or with a Connection type 1-42 (for A.C. production in combination with rotational movement of the Reflective Mantle 5-17) , in order to create the two independent systems of PV Mantles i.e. the 5-10a^,b^ and 5-10a2,b2- Also by that the Reflective Mantle 5-17 is divided also in 4 equal cylindrical Quadrants, from which the three reflective inwards and the fourth transparent, as well as by that for the production of Alternating Current of sinuisodal form the Reflective Mantle 5-17 rotates instead of reciprocating, with the desired frequency and angular speed, which is varied sinuisodaly in each period of operation (for example driven by the Rotational System of Crankshaft and Belt 5-30, where for constant angular speed of the Crankshaft 5-39 with diameter D2, the angular (and the tangential) speed of the Pulleys 5-40, the Belt 5-41' and the Reflective Mantle 5-17, as well as the linear speed of reciprocating of the Piston 5-42) are varied sinuisodaly with the time (for ) and consequently the two independently produced Current Curves 5-21(1) and 5-21(2) (even without the influence of the Control Grids 5-27a 1# bi [ _ and 5-27a2,b2) are sinuisodal with phase difference of 90° C between them. Also by that in the case of cooperation of the Reflective Mantle and 5-17a2,b2 with the respective Control Grids anc tne Control Voltage Regulators 5-28a^,b-£ and 5-28a2,b2 and by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages and "Cut-Off" Voltages (for example like the 5-31a^,b^ and 5-31a2,b2) result the same i.e. sinuisodal A.C. Curves 5-21(1) and 5-21(2) but with better efficiency. 6. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator A System of a concentrating type PV Generator Ag 5 as it is described in the PV Generators , A 2 , A3, A and 5 above which is characterised by that the angular speed of rotation of the cylindrical Reflective Mantle 6-17 is constant with desired frequency, resulting in the A.C. Curves 6-21c and 6-21d, produced by the systems of the PV Mantles 6-10a 1 , δ-lOb j^ and 6-10a 2 , 6-10b 2 (with phase difference 90° C between them) have a triangular waveform with the same frequency with that of the Reflective Mantle 6-17 (without cooperation with the Control Grids and 6-27a 2 ,b 2 (Zero Control Voltages) . Also by that when there is a cooperation of the Control Grids 6-27a^,b^ and 6-27a2,b2 with the rotation of the Reflecting Mantle 6-17 as above, then by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages, for example like the 6-32a^, 6-32b 1 , 6-33a 2 and 6-33b 2 (or of other shape), by the Control Grids β^T j/ b j and 6-27a 2 ,b 2 and the Control Voltage Regulators and 6-28a ,b 2 respectively, the waveform of the Curves of A.C. Production 6-21(1) and 6-21(2) becomes sinuisodal (or of other waveform respectively) . 7. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator ^ A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A7 1 as it is described in the PV Generators A^,till A above (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 respectively depending on if the respective PV Generator x or the corresponding component refers to the PV Generator A]; or A 2 or A3 or A or 5 or respectively) , which is characterised by that for the production of Alternating Current operate only the Control Grids i-27 in cooperation with the respective Control Voltage Regulators i-28 and without cooperation with the respective Reflective Mantles i-17, which in this case are either restricted to cooperation only with the Reflective Pistons i-16 or/and the Secondary Reflectors i-1 for the stabilisation of the temperature of the respective Tungsten Mantles i-5 as mentioned above, or they are removed completely. Also by that the Control Grids i-27a and i-27b in cooperation with the Control Voltage Regulators i-28a and i-28b respectively, impose by turns (with the desired frequency) desired Control Voltages (for example varying sinuisodaly with the time) in front of the Tungsten Mantles i-5a and i-5b in combination with "Cut-Off" Voltages in front of the Tungsten Mantles i-5b and i-5a respectively, so that the produced A.C. Curve i-21d from the System of the PV Mantles i-10a,b to have a sinuisodal shape with the same desired frequency of the combined Control Voltages i-81 or i-82 or i-83, while at the same time also a small symmetrical to zero Component of Direct Current i-21e is produced (from the parasitic Radiation 1-70 of the i-5a,b and i-6a,b), which with an appropriate electronic filter of passage can be separated from the A.C. Component i-21z and can either be used as it is for eventual needs in D.C. or be transformed and this in Alternating Current using a conventional electronic Inverter DC to AC. 8. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator Ag A System of a concentrating type PV Generator Ag 1- as it is described in the PV Generators A];.,till A7above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 depending on if the respective PV Generator A x or the respective component refers to the PV Generator J or or A3 or or or Ag or A7 respectively), which is characterised by that the Cavity Light Trap i-3 is put under vacuum (or under pressure of a gas or mixture of gases), i.e. the Passages of cooling air i-18a,c to the respective Cavity Light Trap i-3 are eliminated and the space outside the relative Reflective Piston i-16 and the Secondary Reflector i-1 is air-tighted, with extension of the space air-tighting to all their moving distance, while at the same time the Glass Cover i-4 is eliminated and its place is taken directly by the relative Tungsten Mantle i-5, which separates now the Cavity Light Trap i-3 from the Vacuum Cavity i-2. 9. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator g A System of a concentrating type PV Generator Ag 1 as it is described in the PV Generators A^,till Agabove, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 respectively depending on if the relative PV Generator A 1 or the relative Component refers to the PV Generator K^- or A 2 or A3 or or 5 or Ag or Ay or A respectively) , which is characterised by the innovative Possibility of Conversion of Thermal Radiation into Electricity ( )g i.e. by that the radiation, which is dissipated in the Cavity Light Trap i-3 and is absorbed successively by the Tungsten Mantles i-5a,b etc in order to be transformed finally into Radiation with spectrum 1-70 as above, doesn't come from the concentration of Solar Radiation 1-51 from the Concentration System 1-52, 1-55, 1-56, 1-57, 1-58 and 1-1 but it comes from combustion of two or more gaseous (or other) fuels, for example Hydrogen and Oxygen in vacuum (or under pressure, alone or in presence of air) inside the specially shaped Cavity Light Trap i-3, in high temperature, so that the biggest part of the released chemical energy of the combustion to be delivered in the form of thermal radiation, which will be transformed with the same mechanism of heating the Tungsten Mantles i-5a,b, irritation of the Cesium Plasma l-6a,b etc. into a Radiation of spectrum 1-70 as above and afterwards by using the PV Mantles i-10a,b, the Control Grids i-27a,b and the Control Voltage Regulator i-28a,b, it will be transformed into electric current direct or alternating with desired frequency and waveform and with high efficiency. Also by that the Secondary Reflector i-1 for the incoming of the concentrated Solar Radiation i-52 is replaced by a specially arranged Burner and Combustion Gases Removal System for example the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29 of the gaseous (or other) fuels and the combustion gases respectively (or whatsoever other Burner System and Combustion Gases removal arrangement, where the present application example is only indicative and is not binding for the present invention) for example for combustion of Hydrogen and Oxygen under vacuum or under pressure, the i-29 consists of the Central Oxygen Orifice i-29a, the coneshaped Combustion Gases Orifice i-29b, the Inner ringshaped Hydrogen Orifice i-29c and the Outer ringshaped Cooling Hydrogen Orifice i-29d. Also by that the Orifices i-29a, i-29b and i-29c of the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29, they continue as coaxial Tubes and create the Tube Heat Exchanger i-26, along which the greatest part of the wasteheat of the hot combustion gases (in this case steam) is recuperated and returns to the combustion room of the Cavity Light Trap i-3 as preheating of the combustion gases, thus increasing the total efficiency of transformation of the chemical energy of combustion into electricity and consists of a Central Oxygen Tube i-26a, the intermediate Removing Tube i-26b of the combustion gases, the outer Hydrogen Tube i-26c, the Tubes of the Cooling Hydrogen i-26d and the External Insulation i-26e. Also by that the Reflective Piston i-16 has its front Reflective Surface i-15-^g specially shaped in order to direct appropriately with its Addressers i-16d and i-16e the preheated gases of combustion to the hollow cylindrical Combustion Zone i-3c maintaining always between them and its Reflective Surface i-15τg corresponding cooling gas films (which are ejected appropriately, the Hydrogen from the Orifice i-29d and the Oxygen from the System of the Orifice i-16z and the Addresser of Cooling Oxygen i-16g) while on special projections of the Addresser i-16d it bears arrangements for the ignition or/and maintaining of the combustion, the Ignitors i-16n, while behind the Reflective Surface i-16a it bears the Tubes of incoming outcoming of the Cooling Hydrogen i-16b and the Tube of incoming of the Cooling Oxygen i-16c. 10. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A^g 1 as it is described in the PV Generators A^,till Agabove, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 respectively depending on if the relative PV Generator A 1 or the relative component refers to the PV Generator or A3 or A or A5 or Ag or A7 or Ag or Ag respectively) which is characterised by that the Secondary Reflector i-1 is maintained (i.e. it is not deleted) as well as the System of Solar Energy Concentration 1-52, 1-55, 1-56, 1-57, 1-58, while the Burner and Combustion Gases Removal System for example the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29 and the Tube Heat Exchanger i-26 are appropriately shaped around the Secondary Reflector i-1 (or in whatsoever other position, this arrangement being only indicating and not binding for the present invention) in order to make possible the incoming of concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51 too, as well as the operation of the system either only with concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51, or only with Thermal Radiation from the combustion of, for example Oxygen and Hydrogen, or with whatsoever combination of solar and thermal radiation. Also by that the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29 consists of the Inner Cooling Oxygen Orifice i-29e, the Inner Oxygen Orifice i-29a, the intermediate Removing Orifice of the combustion gases i-29b, the Outer inner Hydrogen Orifice i-29c and the Outer Cooling Hydrogen Orifice i-29e while the Tube Heat Exchanger i-26 consists of the Inner Cooling Oxygen Tube i-26e, the Inner Oxygen Tube i-26a, the intermediate Removing Tube of the combustion gases i-26b, the Outer Hydrogen Tube i-26c, the Outer Cooling Hydrogen Tube i-26d and the Outer Insulation i-26z. 11. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator A j ^ A System of a concentrating type PV Generator as it is described in the PV Generators A^,till A^ Q above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 respectively, depending on if the corresponding PV Generator A 1 or the corresponding Component refers to the PV Generator A^ or A 2 or A3 or A 4 or A 5 5 or Ag°or A7 or Ag or A - or A^ Q respectively) , which is characterised by that the Cavity Light Trap i-3, the Glass Cover i-4, the Tungsten Mantle i-5, the Empty Cavity i-2, the Control Grid i-27, the Molybdenum Grid i-7, the Window Infrared Filter i-9, the Mantle of PV Cells i-10, the Cooling Mantle i-11, the Cooling Medium Space i-12 and the Outer Insulation i-13, do not have the shape of coaxial cylinders as in the Claims 1 till 10 but the shape of coaxial (or not) prisms with n number of sides equal (or not) (where n is an integral number greater or equal to 3) where for n nearing the infinity results a shape of elliptical or other curved form regular (or not) with its rest components adjusted each time to the relative form of the above basic components. 12. A System of a Concentrating type PV Generator Aτ 2 A System of a concentrating type PV Generator ^ 1 as it is described in the PV Generators A];,till ^ above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 respectively, depending on if the corresponding PV Generator A 1 or the corresponding Component refers to the PV Generator AJ or A or A3 or A4or A5 5 or Ag 6 or A7 or Ag or Ag or A^g respectively) , which is characterised by that the Components i-2, i-3, i-4, i-5, i-6, i-7, i-9, i-10, i-11, i-12, i-13, and i-27 have the shape of concentric spheres or concentric polyedrals with n number of sides regular (or not) where n is an integral number greater or equal to 4 and where all the rest components are adjusted to the shape of the above basic components, as well as by that the diameter of the Reflective Piston i-16 can alternatively be reduced till the complete disappearance of the i-16, as well as by that for i=l, 2, 3 and 4 the Reflective Mantles i-17 may be omitted and may result production of DC only or AC with a small DC component (operation only with the Control Grid i-27 and the Control Voltage Regulator i-28).

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A];, consisting of the Primary Concentrating System of the Solar Radiation 1-51 (for example of the Parabolic Reflector 1-52, its Horizontal Axis of rotation 1-55, its Vertical Axis of rotation 1-56, its Pedestal 1-57 and its Foundation 1-58) and of the Secondary Concentrating System (i.e. the Secondary Reflector 1-1 with its Incoming Window 1-62, its Internal Reflector 1-60, its External Reflector 1-61, its Outcoming Window 1-53 and its Cooling System 1-59) which direct the Solar Rays 1-51 into the System of PV Conversion 1-54, which is characterized by the following innovative components, characteristics and operational Possibilities I, II, III and IV: I) By that -it amplifies up to more than doubling the efficiency of the PV Cells 1-43 from Crystalline Silicon or InP or GaAs etc. (Amplification Possibility (I)]; or Amplification System (I)]; with transformation of the Solar Radiation with spectrum for example 1-64 of the type AM 1,0 (or AM 1,5 etc) into Infrared Radiation 1-70 (with wavelength 852 till 894 nm) exactly on the maximum of the Sensitivity Curve 1-67 of the PV Cells 1-43 of Crystalline Silicon (or InP or GaAs etc), directing the concentrated Solar Rays 1-51 through the Cavity Light Trap 1-3, the Reflective Surfaces 1-15^g, 1-15^ and 1-15^, the Glass Cover 1-4, and the Vacuum Cavity 1-2, onto the Tungsten Mantle 1-5a,b, which glows at about 1800° C and emits a cloud of thermal electrons, which after irritating the Cesium Vapor Plasma l-6a,b to Infrared Radiation 1-70, they pass through the Control Grid of Molybdenum l-27a,b, which regulates their flow by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages from the Control Voltage Regulator l-28a,b, they are collected by the Molybdenum Grid l-7a,b and they return to the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b, through the Conductive Connection l-8a,b with external device of regulation of the resistance of conduction. Also by that the Window Infrared Filter 1-9 permits the outcoming of Radiation only with spectrum 1-70, while the radiation with spectrum outside the region of 1-70 is reflected back inwards, thus increasing significantly the efficiency of the transformation of the original Solar Spectrum 1-64 into spectrum 1-70. Also by that the Mantle of PV Cells l-10a,b consists of the semicylindrical PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb, each of which consisting of the PV Cells 1-43 of Crystalline Silicon (or InP or GaAs etc) connected in series in thin PV Semirings 1-44, with Blocking Diodes 1-45 at their ends, which are connected among them in parallel, in order to create two independant PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb, wired between them with a Connection 1-41 (in parallel) with End-Terminals the 1-25 DC for the case of DC Production or with Connection type 1-42 (in series with their middle common Terminal 1-47 earthed, so that the End-Terminals 1-25 AC to present symmetrically opposite potential +V Q and - 0 ) for the case of AC production (or even D.C., too), while the change-over from the Connection 1-41 to 1-42 and vice-versa is effected by the Change-Over Switch 1-48. Also by that the Components l-5a,b, l-6a,b, l-27a,b, l-7a,b and l-17a,b (for the case of AC production), are consisted each of them of two semicylindrical mantles l-5a and l-5b, l-6a and l-6b, l-27a and l-27b, l-7a and l-7b as well as l-17a and a-17b corresponding to the 1-lOa and l-10b r while there exist two independent Control Voltage Regulators the l-28a and 1-28b and two independent Conductive Connections l-8a and l-8b with possibility of external regulation of the conduction resistance. Also by that the PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb are cooled by the common Cooling System, which consists of the Cooling Mantle 1-11, the Space of Cooling Medium 1-12, the Insulation Mantle 1-13, the Cooling Medium Tubes 1-14 and the Insulated Container heat exchanger 1-36, thus creating a hybrid solar collector. Also by that the components l-3> 1-4 and 1-6 are cooled by a draught of incoming-outcoming air from the Passage l-18a (around the Secondary Reflector 1-1), which may be coming-through (i.e. existence of a corresponding Passage l-18c around the Reflective Piston 1-16), while the components 1-9, l-10a,b and l-17a,b are cooled by an air-draught through the Passage l-18b, and the Reflective Piston 1-16 is cooled additionally and from behind from the Passages l-18d. Also by that the Components 1-3, 1-2, 1-4, 1-9, l-17c,d, l-18a,b,c,d, 1-11, 1-12 and 1-13 have a cylindrical shape while the l-5a, l-5b, l-6a, l-27a, l-27b, l-7a, l-7b, l-17a, l-17b, 1-lOa and 1-lOb have semicylindrical shape respectively. II) By that it can succeed the desired temperature of operation of the Tungsten Mantles l-5a,b (for example the optimised temperature of 1800° C) and after this to keep it constant by moving in and out from the Cavity Light Trap 1-3, the Reflective Piston 1-16 or the Secondary Reflector 1-1 or both together (i.e. 1-16 and 1-1) symmetrically to the middle of the Cavity Light Trap 1-3, in order to keep constant the energy density of the concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51 (Stabilization Possibility (II)]; of the Tungsten Mantle l-5a,b temperature or Stabilization System (II) J) . III) By that it can produce Direct Current (DC Possibility (III)J) with • more than double efficiency (compared to relative conventional Φ/B Generators of equivalent concentrating type with the same PV Cells 1-43) for wiring of the PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb between them in parallel in a Connection type 1-41 (by the Change-Over Switch 1-48). Also by that the Reflective Mantle 1-17 either is removed completely or is divided in two cylindrical equal Reflective Mantles the l-17c and l-17d each with length equal to the half of the length of the PV Mantle l-10a,b, which move at the same height and in coordination with the Reflective Piston 1-16 and the Secondary Reflector 1-1 respectively, all coordinated (i.e. the l-17c, l-17d, 1-16 and 1-1) by the one set of the two Double Reciprocation Systems, ' consisting of the Crankshaft 1-35', the Shovers and the Arms l-38a,b (with a 1-35' equal to the length of the PV Mantle l-10a,b) for movement in and out the Cavity Light Trap 1-3, to positions symmetrical to its middle, which define the limits of the Zone l-3a (by moving forwards and backwards the Crankshaft 1-35'in a rotation bow of 90°) . IV) By that it can produce directly Alternating Current (AC Possibility (IV)];) from the Mantles of PV Cells 1-lOa and 1-lOb, wired in series in a Connection 1-42 through the Change-Over switch 1-48, either by an independant from the Control Grids l-27a,b operation of the semicylindrical Reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b, which with appropriate double reciprocative movement with desired frequency, driven by a second System of Double Reciprocation (consisting of the Crankshaft 1-35, the Shovers l-36a,b, the Pistons l-37a,b and the Arms l-38a,b and permitting variation of the reciprocation length of the Reflective Mantles l-17a and l-17b (by changing the length of the Arms l-38a and l-38b of the Crankshaft 1-35 and the Shovers l-37a and l-37b), depending on the position of the Reflective Piston 1-16 and the Secondary Reflector 1-1 inside the Cavity Light Trap 1-3) in front of the PV Mantles 1-lOa and 1-lOb or by the combined operation of the Reflective Mantles l-17a,b as above with the operation of the Control Grids l-27a,b and the Control Voltage Regulators l-28a,b (which with several appropriate Control Voltages or "Cut-off" Voltages for example as the 1-31 and 1-32, improve the efficiency and the shape of the waveform) . (For example the successive phases of reciprocation l-19a and l-19b of the Reflective Mantles l-17a,b alone or in combination with the respective Curves of the Control Voltages i.e. the 1-33 or the 1-31 and 1-32, they result in the sinuisodal Curve of the directly produced Alternating current 1-21). 2. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A 2 as it is mentioned in Claim 1 above which is characterized by that the PV Mantle 2-10, the Tungsten Mantle 2-5, the Cesium Plasma 2-6, the Control Grid 2-27, the Molybdenum Grid 2-7 and the Reflective Mantle 2-17 are divided each in two equal cylindrical mantles a and b i.e. 2-10a and 2-10b, 2-5a and 2-5b, 2-6a and 2-6b, 2-27a and 2-27b, 2-7a and 2-7b as well as 2-17a and 2-17b while there exist two independant Control Voltage Regulators 2-28a and 2-28b and two independant Conductive Connections 2-8a and 2-8b with external possibility of regulation of the conduction resistance. Also by that for the production of the Alternating Current the PV Mantles 2-10a and 2-10b are wired in series with a Connection type 1-42 through the Change-Over Switch 1-48, while the Reflective Mantles 2-17a and 2-17b are composed to a united Reflective Mantle 2-17, the two halves of which can slide telescopicaly one into the other thus increasing or decreasing its length from 100% till 50% (or even to a smaller fraction depending on the number of telescopic parts of the 2-17) and the composite telescopic Reflective Mantle 2-17 reciprocates with the desired frequency in front of the PV Mantles 2-10a and 2-10b driven by the Reciprocation System (Crankshaft 2-35', Shover 2-36', Piston 2-37'and Arm 2-38), which permits also change of the reciprocation length of 2-17 (depending on the position of the Reflective Piston 2-16 and the Secondary Reflector 2-1, to the middle of the PV Mantle 2-10a,b) with relative telescopic, symmetrical to its middle shortening of the 2 r 17) resulting to the production of the desired, for example sinuisodal Current Curve 2-21 even for zero Control Voltages for example 2-33a,b (lack of influence of the Control Grids 2-27a,b). Also by that for combined operation of the 2-27a,b with the reciprocating movement of 2-17 above, by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages or Cut-Off Voltages for example of • the 2-31a,b or 2-32 a,b we have again production of the desired i.e. sinuisodal Current Curve 2-21 but with improve efficiency. 3. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A3, as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 and 2 above, which is characterised by that for the direct productions of Alternating Current, the following components i.e. the cylindrical PV Mantle 3-10, the Glass Cover 3-4, the Tungsten Mantle 3-5, the Cesium Plasma 3-6, the Control Grid 3-27, the Molybdenum Grid 3-7 and the Window Infrared Filter 3-9 are divided in a number of, for example 10 Subinverters 3-24, which are separated among them by an equal number minus one of Empty (reflective outwards) Spacing Rings 3-23a, where in each Sub-inverter 3-24 each of its components 3-10, 3-5, 3-27 and 3-7 has the structure of a double mantle (i.e. 3-10a and 3-10b, 3-5a and 3-5b, 3-27a and 3-27b as well as 3-7a and 3-7b (where the Spacing Zones 3-22 of the 3-10a,b are zones reflective inwards) of construction and connection as the relative components 2-10a and 2-10b, 2-5a and 2 r 5b, 2-21 a. and 2-27b, 2-7a and 2-7b in the System of PV Generator A 2 above while there exist 10 relative pairs of components 3-28a and 3-28b (Control Voltage Regulators) and 3-8a and 3-8b (Conductive Connections of the 3-5a,b and 3-7a,b respectively with external regulation of the conduction resistance) . Also by that the Reflective Mantle 3-17 is constructed by an equal number (and equal width with the Sub-inverters 3-24), Reflective Zones 3-17 (each of which is neighboring with an equal number of Transparent Zones 3-23, each of width equal to the width of the Spacing Rings 3-23a or equals to the half-width of the 3-24 and 3-17). Also by that the Reflective Mantle 3-17 reciprocates with the desired frequency and form of variation of the linear reciprocation-velocity (for example sinuisodal) driven by a simple Reciprocation System with Crankshaft 3-35' (for example without variation of the reciprocation length), where the movement of the Reflective Piston 3-16 or/and the Secondary Reflector 3-1 will be not continuous but in steps equal to the width of each Subinverter 3-24 plus the width of a Spacing Ring 3-23a, with location each time of the 3-16 or/and 3-1 at the beginning of each Sub-inverter 3-24 (with direction each time towards the middle of the Cavity Light Trap 3-3), resulting to the production of the sinuisodal Curve of electric Current 3-21 even for zero Control Voltages by the Control Grids 3-27a,b. Also by that in a combined operation of the Control Grids 3-27a,b and the relative Control Voltage Regulators 3-28a,b with the Reflective -Mantle 3-17 and by imposing of appropriate Control Voltage in combination with corresponding "Cut-Off" Voltages (for example the 3-31a,b) result the desired A.C. Curves, for example sinuisodal with improved efficiency as for example the 3-21. 4. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A as it is mentioned in the Claims 1, 2 and 3 above, which is characterised by the arrangement of the System in a number of, for example 10 Sub-Inverters 4-24 without Spacing Rings 3-23a and arrangement of the Reflective Mantle 4-17 in two successive Reflective Mantles 4-17a and 4-17b each divided in an equal number of pairs of Reflective Zones 4-17a,b and Transparent Zones 4-23a,b each of width equal to the half of the width of each Sub-Inverter 4-24. Also by that with appropriate combination of the reciprocating movements 4-19a and 4-19b of the 4-17a and 4-17b, results the corresponding, for example sinuisodal Curve of Current Production 4-21. Also by that with the combined operation of the 4-17a,b with the Grids 4-27a,b and the Regulators 4-28a,b and by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages and "Cut-Off" Voltages, for example of the 4-31a,b, result A.C. Curves as the 4-21 with improved efficiency. 5. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator 5 as it is mentioned in the Claims 1,2,3 and 4 above which is characterised by that for the production of Alternating Current the cylindrical PV Mantle 5-10 is divided in four equal cylindrical quadrants which form the PV Mantles 5-103 , 5-10a 2 , 5-10b 1 and 5-10b 2 where the PV Cells 5-43 are connected in series in thin Strips 5-44 along the generator-line of the Cylinder with Blocking Diodes 5-45 at the end of each Strip and afterwards the Strips 5-44 of each Quadrant are connected in parallel, and then the pairs of opposite Quadrants i.e. the 5-lOa^ and S-lOb-^ as well as the 5-10a 2 and 5-10b 2 are wired between them either with Connection type 1-41 (for D.C. production with removal of the Reflective Mantle 5-17), or with a Connection type 1-42 (for A.C. production in combination with rotational movement of the Reflective Mantle 5-17), in order to create the two independant systems of PV Mantles i.e. the S-lOa^b^ and 5-10a 2 ,b 2 . Also by that the Reflective Mantle 5-17 is divided also in 4 equal cylindrical Quadrants, from which the three reflective inwards and the fourth transparent, as well as by that for the production of Alternating Current of sinuisodal form the Reflective Mantle 5-17 rotates instead of reciprocating, with the desired frequency and angular speed, which is varied sinuisodaly in each period of operation (for example driven by the Rotational System of Crankshaft and Belt 5-30, where for constant angular speed of the Crankshaft 5-39 with diameter D , the angular (and the tangential) speed of the Pulleys 5-40, the Belt 5-41' and the Reflective Mantle 5-17, as well as the linear speed of reciprocating of the Piston 5-42) are varied sinuisodaly with the time, (for D^π.D^^) and consequently the two independently produced Current Curves 5-21(1) and 5-21(2) (even without the influence of the Control Grids 5-21a.-^,b and 5-27a 2 ,b2) are sinuisodal with phase difference of 90° C between them. Also by that in the case of cooperation of the Reflective Mantle 5-lla.^ , b-^ and 5-17a2,b2 with the respective Control Grids 5-27a lf b^ and 5-27a 2 ,b 2 and the Control Voltage Regulators 5-28a lf b2 and 5-28a 2 ,b 2 and by imposing of -appropriate Control Voltages and "Cut-Off" Voltages (for example like the 5-31a^,b^ and 5-31a ,b 2 ) result the same i.e. sinuisodal A.C. Curves 5-21(1) and 5-21(2) but with better efficiency. 6. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator Ag as it is mentioned in the Claims 1,2,3,4 and 5 above which is characterised by that the angular speed of rotation of the cylindrical Reflective Mantle 6-17 is constant with desired frequency, resulting in the A.C. Curves 6-2lc and 6-2Id, produced by the systems of the PV Mantles 6-10a^, δ-lOb j^ and 6-10a 2 , 6-10b 2 (with phase difference 90° C between them) have a triangular waveform with the same frequency with that of the Reflective Mantle 6-17 (without cooperation with the Control Grids 6-21aLi , b^ and 6-27a 2 ,b2 (Zero Control Voltages) . Also by that when there is a cooperation of the Control Grids and 6-27a 2 ,b2 with the rotation of the Reflecting Mantle 6-17 as above, then by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages, for example like the 6-323-^, 6-32b 1 , 6-33a 2 and 6-33b 2 (or of other shape), by the Control Grids 6-21a^ , b^ and 6-27a2,b2 and the Control Voltage Regulators and 6-28a2,b2 respectively, the waveform of the Curves of A.C. Production 6-21(1) and 6-21(2) becomes sinuisodal (or of other waveform respectively) . 7. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator Aγ as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 6 above (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 respectively depending on if the respective PV Generator A x or the corresponding component is mentioned in the Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 respectively) , which is characterised by that for the production of Alternating Current operate only the Control Grids i-27 in cooperation with the respective Control Voltage Regulators i-28 and without cooperation with the respective Reflective Mantles i-17, which in this case are either restricted to cooperation only with the Reflective Pistons i-16 or/and the Secondary Reflectors i-1 for the stabilisation of the temperature of the respective Tungsten Mantles i-5 as mentioned above, or they are removed completely. Also by that the Control Grids i-27a and i-27b in cooperation with the Control Voltage Regulators i-28a and i-28b respectively, impose by turns (with the desired frequency) desired Control Voltages (for example varying sinuisodaly with the time) in front of the Tungsten Mantles i-5a and i-5b in combination with "Cut-Off" Voltages in front of the Tungsten Mantles i-5b and i-5a respectively, so that the produced A.C. Curve i-2Id from the System of the PV Mantles i-10a,b to have a sinuisodal shape with the same desired frequency of the combined Control Voltages i-81 or i-82 or i-83, while at the same time also a small symmetrical to zero Component of Direct Current i-21e is produced (from the parasitic Radiation 1-70 of the i-5a,b and i-6a,b), which with an appropriate electronic filter of passage can be separated from the A.C. Component i-21z and can either be used as it is for eventual needs in D.C. or be transformed and this in Alternating Current using a conventional electronic Inverter DC to AC. 8. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A- as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 7 above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 depending on if the respective PV Generator A x or the respective components is mentioned in the Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6 or 7 respectively) , which is characterised by that the Cavity Light Trap i-3 is put under vacuum (or under pressure of a gas or mixture of gases), i.e. the Passages of cooling air i-18a,c to the respective Cavity Light Trap i-3 are eliminated and the space outside the relative Reflective Piston i-16 and the Secondary Reflector . i-1 is air-tighted, with extension of the space air-tighting to all their moving distance, while at the same time the Glass Cover i-4 is eliminated and its . .place is taken directly by the relative Tungsten Mantle i-5, which separates now the Cavity Light Trap i-3 from the Vacuum Cavity i-2. 9. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator Ag as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 8 above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 respectively depending on if the relative PV Generator A 1 or the relative Components is mentioned in the Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 respectively), which is characterised by the innovative Possibility of Conversion of Thermal Radiation into Electricity (V)g i.e. by that the radiation, which is dissipated in the Cavity Light Trap i-3 comes from the combustion of two or more gaseous (or other) fuels, for example Hydrogen and Oxygen in vacuum (or under pressure, alone or in presence of air) inside the specially shaped Cavity Light Trap i-3, and which is further transformed with the same mechanism of heating the Tungsten Mantles i-5a,b, irritation of the Cesium Plasma l-6a,b etc. into a Radiation of spectrum 1 70 as above and afterwards by using the PV Mantles i-10a,b, the Control Grids i-27a,b and the Control Voltage Regulator i-28a,b, it is further transformed into electric current direct or alternating with desired frequency and waveform and with high efficiency. Also by that the Secondary Reflector i-1 for the incoming of the concentrated Solar Radiation i-52 is replaced by a specially arranged Burner and Combustion Gases Removal System for example the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29 of the gaseous (or other) fuels and the combustion gases respectively (or whatsoever other Burner System and Combustion Gases removal arrangement, where the present example of application is only indicative and is not binding for the present invention) for example for combustion of Hydrogen and Oxygen under vacuum or under pressure, the i-29 consists of the Central Oxygen Orifice i-29a, the coneshaped Combustion Gases Orifice i-29b the Inner ringshaped Hydrogen Orifice i-29c and the Outer ringshaped Cooling Hydrogen Orifice i-29d. • Also by -that the Orifices i-29a, i-29b and i-29c of the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29, they continue as coaxial Tubes and create the Tube Heat Exchanger i-26, which consists of a Central Oxygen Tube i-26a, the intermediate Removing Tube i-26b of the combustion gases, the outer Hydrogen Tube i-26c, the Tubes of the Cooling Hydrogen i-26d and the External Insulation i-26e. Also by that the Reflective Piston i-16 bears the Reflective Surface i-15^g with its Addressers i-16d and i-16e the System of the Orifice i-16z and the Addresser of Cooling Oxygen i-16g) while on special projections of the Addresser i-16d it bears arrangements for the ignition or/and maintaining of the combustion, the Ignitors i-16n, while behind the Reflective Surface i-16a it bears the Tubes of incoming outcoming of the Cooling Hydrogen i-16b and the Tube of incoming of the Cooling Oxygen i-16c. 10. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A^ 1 as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 9 above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 respectively, depending on if the relative PV Generator A 1 or the corresponding component is mentioned in the Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 respectively) which is characterised by that the Secondary Reflector i-1 is maintained (i.e. it is not deleted) as well as the System of Solar Energy Concentration 1-52, 1-55, 1-56, 1-57, 1-58, while the Burner and Combustion Gases Removal System for example the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29 and the Tube Heat Exchanger i-26 may be appropriately shaped around the Secondary Reflector i-1 (or in whatsoever other appropriate position or arrangement) in order to make possible the incoming of concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51, too, as well as the operation of the system either only with concentrated Solar Radiation 1-51, or only with Thermal Radiation from the combustion of, for example Oxygen and Hydrogen, or with whatsoever combination of solar and thermal radiation. Also by that the Incoming-Outcoming System i-29 consists of the Inner Cooling Oxygen Orifice i-29e, the Inner Oxygen Orifice i-29a, the intermediate Removing Orifice of the combustion gases i-29b, the Outer inner Hydrogen Orifice i-29c and the Outer Cooling Hydrogen Orifice i-29d while the Tube Heat Exchanger i-26 consists of the Inner Cooling Oxygen Tube i-26e, the Inner Oxygen Tube i-26a, the intermediate Removing Tube of the combustion gases i-26b, the Outer Hydrogen Tube i-26c, the Outer Cooling Hydrogen Tube i-26d and the Outer Insulation i-26z. 11. A System of concentrating type PV Generator A-^ 1 as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 10 above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 respectively) , depending on if the corresponding PV Generator A x or the corresponding Component is mentioned in the Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 respectively) , which is characterised by that the Cavity Light Trap i-3, the Glass Cover i-4, the Tungsten Mantle i-5, the Empty Cavity i-2, the Control Grid i-27, the Molybdenum Grid i-7, the Window Infrared Filter i-9, the Mantle of PV Cells i-10, the Cooling Mantle i-11, the Cooling Medium Space i-12 and the Outer Insulation i-13, do not have the shape of coaxial cylinders as in the Claims 1 till 10 but the shape of coaxial or not prisms with n number of sides equal or not (where n is an integral number greater or equal to 3) where for n nearing the infinity results a shape of coaxial (or not) cylinders with cross sections of elliptical or other curved form regular (or not) with its rest components adjusted each time to the relative form of the above basic components. 12. A System of concentrating type PV Generator i.^ 2 " as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 10 above, (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 respectively depending on if the corresponding PV Generator A x or the corresponding component is mentioned in the Claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 respectively), which is characterised by that the Components i-2, i-3, i-4, i-5, i-6, i-7, i-9, i-10, i-11, i-12, i-13, and i-27 have the shape of concentric spheres or concentric polyedrals with n number of sides regular (or not) where n is an integral number greater or equal to 4 and where all the rest components are adjusted to the shape of the above basic components, as well as by that the diameter of the Reflective Piston i-16 can alternatively be reduced (till the complete disappearance of the i-16) as well as by that for i=l, 2, 3 and 4 the Reflective Mantles i-17 may be ' omitted and may result production of DC only or AC with a small DC component (operation only with the Control Grid i-27 and the Control Voltage Regulator i-28). 13. A System of concentrating type PV Generator A^ 1 , as it is mentioned in the Claims 1 till 11 above (where i is defined in the Claim 11 above with extension of the index i till 11), which is characterised by that it is equipped with one or more pairs of Mantles of PV Cells i-lOa and i-lOb, in which the PV Cells i-43 are connected in line in thin Rings of PV Cells i-44 (or in thin Strips i-44 parallel to the generator line of the cylinder or the edges of the prisms, with Blocking Diodes i-45 at the ends and successively the thin PV Rings i-44 (or the corresponding thin PV Strips i-44) are connected in parallel within each PV Mantle i-lOa or i-1Ob and successively each two PV Mantles i-lOa or i-lOb are connected between themselves either with a Connection type i-41 (for DC production with eventual removal of the Reflective Mantles i-17 or change of their operation which becomes in this case cooperation with the Reflective Piston i-16 or/and the Secondary Reflector i-1 for the stabilisation of the temperature of the ' Tungsten Mantle i-5), or with Connection type i-42 (Production of DC or A.C.) through the Change-Over Switch i-48. Also by that if in front of the above pairs of the Mantles of PV Cells i-lOa and i-lOb moves either reciprocating an appropriate Reflective Mantle i-17 (where i is equal to 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11) with the suitable- Succession of Operation Phases i-19 with desired frequency and form of variation of its linear reciprocating movement (for example sinuisodal), or rotationally with the Respective Mantle i-17 (where i is equal to 5 or 9 or 10) to be rotated appropriately by the Rotation System of the i-30, i-39, i-40, i-4l' and i-42' then will result directly the production of the alternating sinuisodal Current Curve i-21 (or 5-21(1) and 5-21(2) respectively) from the above systems. 14. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A^ 3- , as it is mentioned in the Claim 13 above (where i is defined in Claim 13 above), which is characterised by that it is equipped in addition with a Control Grid i-27 and a Control Voltage Regulator i-28 which can either cooperate alone with the corresponding pair of PV Mantles i-lOa and i-lOb without the Reflective Mantle i-17 (which is removed or cooperates only with the i-16 and i-1) for the direct production of alternating current, for example of sinuisodal form, by imposing alternatively in front of the corresponding Tungsten Mantles i-5a,b of appropriate Control Voltages, for example to the one of them of a Control Voltage changing sinuisodaly with the time in combination with "Cut-Off" Voltage to the other, resulting in the production by the PV Mantles i-10a,b of the sinuisodal Curve of Current i-81d with an AC component i-81z and a small DC Component i-81e symmetrical to zero, as mentioned above in Claim 7 or they can operate together with the respective pair of PV Mantles i-lOa and i-lOb and in cooperation with the reciprocating or rotating movement of the respective Reflective Mantle i-17, where by imposing of appropriate Control Voltages and "Cut-Off" Voltages respectively results in the production of the Current Curve i-21 of alternating form only with desired waveform (for example sinuisodal) and frequency as above in Claim 12 but with improved Efficiency. 15. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A^e; ,as mentioned in the Claim 13 above (where the index i is defined in the Claim 13 above), which is characterised by that it is equipped with an Amplification System (I) 15 of the efficiency of the PV Cells i-43, which is consisted by the Cavity Light Trap i-3, the Glass Cover i-4, the Empty Cavity i-2, the Tungsten Mantle i-5, the Cesium Plasma i-6, the Control Grid i-27, the Control Voltage Regulator i-28, the Molybdenum Grid i-7, the Conductive Connection i-8, the Window Infrared Filter i-9, the Reflective Mantle i-17, the Mantle of PV Cells i-10, the Cooling Mantle i-11, the Cooling Medium Space i-12, the Insulating Mantle i-13 and the Cooling Medium Tubes i-14. Also by that the above components may by divided in two or more mantles, cylindrical, semicylindrical, quarter of cylinder-shape etc as it is required by the relative PV Generator A^ for the production of DC or AC respectively. 16. A System of a concentrating type PV Generator A^g as it is mentioned above in the Claim 13 ( ω-here the index i is defined in the Claim 13 above), which is characterised by that it is equipped with a stabilisation System (II) j g of the temperature of the Tungsten Mantle i-5, which consists from the Cavity Light Trap i-3, the Reflective Surfaces i-16 15 , i-l 15 , i-4 15 , the Reflective Piston i-16, the Secondary Reflector i-1 and the System of drive and coordination of the movement of the i-16 and i-1 inside the i-3 for example the Double Reciprocation System consisting of the Crankshaft i-35', the Shovers i-36', the Pistons i-37' and the Arms i-38' or by a relative system with servomechanism, Pyranometer and local microprocessor etc. A Summary of a concentrating type PV Generator with high efficiency and possibility of direct production of A.C, too. SUMMARY The invention consist in the realisation of a System of concentrating type PV Cells incorporated in an innovative system of production of electricity from concentrated Solar or Thermal Radiation which presents the following innovative po.-sibilities. I. Possibility (or System) of Amplification till more than doubling of the efficiency of PV Cells from Crystalline Silicon or InP or GaAs with transformation of the spectrum of the Solar (or Thermal) Radiation into Radiation with spectrum 1-70 within a narrow band of the infrared (852 nm till 894 nm) where present their maximum sensitivity the PV Cells from Crystalline Si (or InP or GaAs etc) . II. Possibility ( or System) of Stabilisation and regulation of the temperature of the Tungsten Mantle i-5 with appropriate movement along the specially shaped ( for example cylindrical ) Cavity Light Trap i-3 of the Reflective Piston i-16 or/and the Secondary Reflector i-1 in order to keep constant the density of Solar ( or Thermal ) Radiation on the active sidewall surface of the i-3 resulting in constant ( or regulated ) density of radiation and temperature on the Tungsten Mantle i-5 . III. Possibility (or System) of D.C. production with efficiency of the PV Cells i-43 (of the PV Mantles i-10a,b in connection type i-41) more than double of this one presented by the same PV Cells i-43 for incidence of a Solar spectrum AM 1,0 or AM 1,5 etc. This is succeeded on the one hand with the System of.Amplification I above by transformation of the Solar (or Thermal) spectrum into a spectrum 1-70 as above where the Curve of Sensitivity of the PV Cells of Crystalline Si (or InP or GaAs etc) presents its maximum and on the other hand with the Window Infrared Filter i-9 which permits to pass through only to the spectrum 1-70, while the radiation outside the region of the spectrum 1-70 is reflected back on the Tungsten Mantle i-5 in order to be emitted once more as cloud of thermal electrons, irritation of the Cesium Plasma 1-6 etc. IV. Possibility (or System) of direct AC production from the Mantles of PV Cells i-lOa and i-lOb wired in a connection type i-42 , either with appropriate reciprocation ( or rotation) in front of the PV Mantles i-10a,b of the Reflective Mantle i-17a, b without cooperation with the Control Grids i-27 a, b, or with cooperation of the Control Grids i-27a , b with the reciprocating ( or rotating ) as above Reflective Mantles i-17a,b, and by imposing of appropriate Control Voltage and "Cut-Off" Voltage ( for improvement of the efficiency) in which case result the Curve of Current Production i-21 of desired alternating waveform and frequencies for example sinuisodal, 50 Hz. V. Possibility (or System) of direct conversion of the Thermal Radiation (produced by appropriate combustion in the Cavity Light Trap i-3 of Gaseous (or other) fuels like Hydrogen and Oxygen into electric current, by the transformation of the Thermal Radiation into Radiation of Infrared spectrum 1-70 as above and successively with the known mechanism as above, transformation of the Radiation with spectrum 1-70 into electric current direct or alternating with desired frequency and waveform and high efficiency.

Inventors: PAPADOPOULOS ALEXANDER, PAPADOPOULOS, ALEXANDER
Applicants: PAPADOPOULOS ALEXANDER, PAPADOPOULOS, ALEXANDER
Application year: 1992
Main classification: H02N6
IPC codes: F24J2, H01L31, H02N6