A pulsed imaging, pulse width modulation raster output scanner for tri-level exposure

Abstract: A pulsed imaging Raster Output Scanner utilizes pulse width modulation in conjunction with spatial filtering to form three exposure levels at the surface of a recording medium, one of the levels associated with a specific color. In a specific non-facet tracked scanner system, a light beam (84) from a laser source (82) is modulated, by an acousto-optic modulator (92), in accordance with a video signal supplied to the modulator by a control circuit (94). An anamorphic lens system (108) performs a Fourier transform on the modulated beam which is then filtered by a spatial bandpass filter (136) before being directed, by a rotating polygon scanner (142), across the recording medium (162).

Description: The present invention relates generally to a pulsed imaging, non-facet tracked, pulse width modulation Raster Output Scan (ROS) system for creating tri-level exposures at a recording medium. In the practice of conventional bi-level xerography, it is the general procedure to form electrostatic latent images on a charge retentive surface such as a photoconductive member by first uniformly charging the charge retentive surface. The electrostatic charge is selectively dissipated in accordance with a pattern of activating radiation corresponding to original images. The selective dissipation of the charge leaves a bi-level latent charge pattern on the imaging surface where the high charge regions correspond to the areas not exposed by radiation. One level of this charge pattern is made visible by developing it with toner. The toner is generally a colored powder that adheres to the charge pattern by electrostatic attraction. The developed image is then fixed to the imaging surface, or is transferred to a receiving substrate such as plain paper, to which it is fixed by suitable fusing techniques. In tri-level, highlight color imaging, unlike conventional xerography, upon exposure, three charge levels are produced on the charge-retentive surface. The highly charged (i.e. unexposed) areas are developed with toner, and the area more fully discharged is also developed, but with a toner of a different color. Thus, the charge retentive surface contains three exposure levels; zero exposure, intermediate exposure, and full exposure, which correspond to three charge levels. These three levels can be developed to print, for example, black, white, and a single color. Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a prior art tri-level printing system. As shown, the system utilizes a charge retentive member in the form of a photoconductive belt 10, consisting of a photoconductive surface on an electrically conductive, light-transmissive substrate mounted for movement past a charge station A, an exposure station B, developer station C, transfer station D, and cleaning station F. Belt 10 moves in the direction of arrow 16 to advance successive portions thereof sequentially through the various processing stations disposed about the path of movement thereof. Belt 10 is entrained about a plurality of rollers 18, 20 and 22, the former of which can be used as a drive roller, and the latter of which can be used to provide suitable tensioning of the photoreceptor belt 10. Motor 23 rotates roller 18 to advance belt 10 in the direction of arrow 16. Roller 18 is coupled to motor 23 by suitable means such as a belt drive. As can be seen by further reference to Figure 2, initially successive portions of belt 10 pass through charging station A, where a corona discharge device such as a scorotron, corotron, or dicorotron, indicated generally by the reference numeral 24, charges the belt 10 to a selectively high uniform positive or negative potential, V 0 . Any suitable control circuit, as well known in the art, may be employed for controlling the corona discharge device 24. Next, the charged portions of the photoreceptor surface are advanced through exposure station B. At exposure station B, the uniformly charged surface of belt 10 is exposed by a tri-level raster output scanner (ROS) unit 25, which causes the charge retentive surface to be discharged in accordance with the output from the scanning device. This scan results in three separate discharge regions on the photoreceptor, each region exposed at one of three possible levels: (1) zero exposure which results in a voltage equal to V ddp and will be developed using charged-area-development (CAD); (2) full exposure, which results in a low voltage level V C and is developed using discharged-area-development (DAD); and (3) intermediate exposure, which yields an intermediate voltage level V W and does not develop and yields a white region on the print. These voltage levels are shown schematically in Figure 2. Some typical voltage levels are as follows. The photoreceptor, which is initially charged to a voltage V 0 , undergoes dark decay to a level V ddp (V CAD ) equal to about -900 volts. When exposed at the exposure station B, the photoreceptor is discharged to V c , (V DAD ) equal to about -100 volts in the highlight (i.e. color other than black) color portions of the image. The photoreceptor is also discharged to V w (V white ) equal to -500 volts imagewise in the background (i.e. white), image areas and in the inter-document area. Thus the image exposure is at three levels; zero exposure (i.e. black), intermediate exposure (white) and full exposure (i.e. color). After passing through the exposure station, the photoreceptor contains highly charged areas and fully discharged areas which correspond to CAD and DAD color latent images, and also contains an intermediate level charged area that is not developed. At development station C, a development system, indicated generally by the reference numeral 30, advances developer materials into contact with the CAD and DAD electrostatic latent images. The development system 30 comprises first and second developer housings 32 and 34. The developer housing 32 contains a pair of magnetic brush rollers 35 and 36. The rollers advance developer material 40 into contact with the photoreceptor for developing the charged-area regions (V CAD ). The developer material 40, by way of example, contains positively charged black toner. Electrical biasing is accomplished via power supply 41, electrically connected to developer apparatus 32. A suitable DC bias, V bb , of approximately - 600 volts is applied to the rollers 35 and 36 via the power supply 41. The developer housing 34 contains a pair of magnetic rolls 37 and 38. The rollers advance developer material 42 into contact with the photoreceptor for developing the discharged-area regions (V DAD ). The developer material 42, by way of example, contains negatively charged red toner. Appropriate electrical biasing is accomplished via power supply 43 electrically connected to developer apparatus 34. A suitable DC bias, V cb , of approximately - 400 volts is applied to the rollers 37 and 38 via the bias power supply 43. Because the composite image developed on the photoreceptor consists of both positive and negative toner, a positive pre-transfer corona discharge member (not shown) is provided to condition the toner for effective transfer to a substrate, using positive corona discharge. The pre-transfer corona discharge member is preferably an AC corona device, biased with a DC voltage to operate in a field sensitive mode, to perform tri-level xerography pre-transfer charging in a way that selectively adds more charge (or at least comparable charge) to the region of the composite tri-level image that must have its polarity reversed. This charge discrimination is enhanced by discharging the photoreceptor carrying the composite developed latent image with light before the pre-transfer charging: this minimizes the tendency to overcharge portions of the image which are already at the correct polarity. Referring again to Figure 1, a sheet of support material 58 is moved into contact with the toner image at transfer station D. The sheet of support material is advanced to transfer station D by conventional sheet feeding apparatus, not shown. Preferably, the sheet feeding apparatus includes a feed roll contacting the upper most sheet of a stack of copy sheets. Feed rolls rotate to advance the uppermost sheet from the stack into a chute, which directs the advancing sheet of support material into contact with the surface of belt 10 in a timed sequence, so that the developed toner powder image contacts the advancing sheet of support material at transfer station D. Transfer station D includes a corona generating device 60 which sprays ions of a suitable polarity onto the backside of sheet 58. This attracts the charged toner powder images from the belt 10 to sheet 58. After transfer, the sheet continues to move in the direction of arrow 62 onto a conveyor (not shown) which advances the sheet to fusing station E. Fusing station E includes a fuser assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 64, which permanently affixes the transferred powder image to sheet 58. Preferably, fuser assembly 64 comprises a heated fuser roller 66 and a backup roller 68. Sheet 58 passes between fuser roller 66 and backup roller 68, with the toner powder image contacting fuser roller 66. In this manner, the toner powder image is permanently affixed to sheet 58. After fusing, a chute, not shown, guides the advancing sheet 58 to a catch tray (also not shown), for subsequent removal from the printing machine by the operator. After the sheet of support material is separated from the photoconductive surface of belt 10, the residual toner particles carried by the non-image areas on the photoconductive surface are removed therefrom. These particles are removed at cleaning station F. A magnetic brush cleaner housing is disposed at the cleaner station F. The cleaner apparatus comprises a conventional magnetic brush roll structure for causing carrier particles in the cleaner housing to form a brush-like orientation relative to the roll structure and the charge retentive surface. It also includes a pair of detoning rolls for removing the residual toner from the brush. Subsequent to cleaning, a discharge lamp (not shown) floods the photoconductive surface with light to dissipate any residual electrostatic charge remaining, prior to the charging thereof, for the successive imaging cycle. Stabilization of the white or background discharge voltage level is accomplished by monitoring photoreceptor white discharge level in the inter-document area of the photoreceptor using an electrostatic voltmeter (ESV) 70. The information obtained thereby is utilized by control logic 72 to control the output of ROS unit 25 so as to maintain the white discharge level at a predetermined level. There are several scanning techniques known in the prior art to obtain the tri-level exposure imaging. A conventional flying spot scanner, such as used in the Canon 9030 uses a ROS unit to "write" an exposed image on a photoreceptive surface a pixel at a time. To obtain higher spatial resolution, a pulse imaging scanner can be utilized. This pulse imaging scanner is also referred to as a Scophony scanner in an article in Optical Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 1985, Scophony Spatial Light Modulator, by Richard Johnson et al. A preferred technique, capable of higher spatial resolution is to use similar optical elements as the flying spot scanner (rotating polygon, laser light source, pre polygon and post polygon optics), but with an A/O modulator which illuminates many pixels at a given time, resulting in a scanner with a coherent imaging response. With this type of scan system, the exposure level, or levels at the image surface, can be controlled by controlling the drive level of the A/O modulator dependent on the video data. In a tri-level system, two drive levels are used, one for the white exposure and a second higher drive level for the DAD exposure. US-A-4,884,083 discloses a printing system employing a raster output scanning device providing compensation for the effects of motion of the medium upon which an image is being printed. An amplitude transmittance spatial filter is positioned either in an exit pupil of the "slow scan" optics of the system or in the first Fourier transform plane of a lens positioned between the scanning device and the recording medium. Several preferred transmittance functions are provided. The present invention provides a pulsed imaging, non-facet tracked, pulse width modulated raster output scanner system for creating exposures on a recording medium, comprising: means for providing a collimated beam of high intensity radiation, an acousto-optic modulator for modulating said beam in response to electrical signals, a polygon scanner having a plurality of facets for line scanning said beam across said recording medium to form the exposures, and optical means for performing a Fourier transformation of the modulated beam and for spatial bandpass filtering to limit the transmission of predetermined frequencies of the transformed beam, characterised in that the exposures are tri-level exposures, in that said electrical signals are pulse width modulated signals including at least pulses of a first width and a second width, said optical means thereby outputting a beam of a first effective intensity and second effective intensity corresponding to two respective levels of said tri-level exposures. Instead of obtaining an intermediate exposure level by controlling the acoustic amplitude, an intermediate exposure is provided by using pulse width modulation in a pulse imaging system in conjunction with spatial filtering. Use of a pulsed imaging scanner with pulse width modulation, however, may result in image quality problems. Using an intuitive, or conventional approach to pulse width modulation, in which the pulses are centered on the pixels, leads to color text and graphics in output prints that have a "bloated" or bolded appearance, especially when compared to black images produced on the same printer. Furthermore, the color lines are asymmetric. Color lines running in the process (slow scan) direction are significantly wider than lines running across the process in the fast scan direction. The color line growth problem can be eliminated by shifting the white video pulses from the center to the beginning of the white pixel time period. Alternatively, each white pixel pulse can be divided into two equal sections, each section being shifted to the outside edge of the white pixel time period. Alternatively, the red pixel or white pixel video pulse width can be narrowed to reduce the effective width of the red or white pulse, respectively. Another alternative is to trim off the lead edge of a lead red pixel pulse and the trail edge of a trailing red pixel pulse in a red line, in the video signal. Various colour line growth solutions are described in EP-A-532,180, in the context of a facet tracking ROS. Those colour line growth solutions are also applicable to a non-facet tracking ROS in accordance with the present invention. The present invention also provides a pulsed imaging non-facet tracked, pulse width modulation raster output scanner incorporating a spatial filter for creating tri-level exposures on a recording medium comprising: a light source for providing a collimated, coherent beam of light, an acousto-optic modulator for modulating said coherent beam in response to pulse width modulated signals, an acousto-optic modulator control circuit for providing said pulse width modulated signals to said acousto-optic modulator, an anamorphic lens system for recollimating and performing a Fourier transformation on said modulated beam, a spatial filtering means for limiting predetermined frequencies of said Fourier transformed beam, and a rotating polygon mirror having a plurality of facets for scanning said filtered beam through a scan angle across a line on said recording medium. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pulsed imaging, non-facet tracked, pulse width modulation raster output scanner incorporating a spatial filter for creating tri-level exposures on a recording medium comprising: a light source for providing a collimated, coherent beam of light, a beam expanding lens system for focusing said collimated beam, an acousto-optic modulator for modulating said focused beam in response to pulse width modulated signals, an acousto-optic modulator control circuit for providing said pulse width modulated signals to said acousto-optic modulator, an anamorphic lens system for recollimating and performing a Fourier transformation on said modulated beam, a spatial filtering means for limiting predetermined frequencies of said Fourier transformed beam, a rotating polygon mirror having a plurality of facets for scanning said filtered beam through a scan angle, and a f-theta lens system and a wobble correction lens system for focusing said scanning beam across a line on said recording medium. The anamorphic lens system may perform a Fourier transformation of said modulated beam in the fast scan plane. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a pulsed imaging, non-facet tracked, pulse width modulation raster output scanner incorporating a spatial filter for creating tri-level exposures on a recording medium comprising: a light source for providing a collimated, coherent beam of light, an acousto-optic modulator for modulating said coherent beam in response to pulse width modulated signals, an acousto-optic modulator control circuit for providing said pulse width modulated signals to said acousto-optic modulator, an anamorphic lens system for recollimating and performing a Fourier transformation on said modulated beam, a rotating polygon mirror having a plurality of facets for scanning said Fourier transformed beam through a scan angle across a line on said recording medium, and a spatial filtering means for limiting predetermined frequencies of said scanning beam. More specifically, the present invention provides a pulsed imaging, non-facet tracked, pulse width modulation raster output scanner incorporating a spatial filter for creating tri-level exposures on a recording medium comprising: a laser source for providing a collimated, coherent beam of light, a beam expanding lens system consisting of a cylindrical lens and a spherical lens for focusing said collimated beam, an acousto-optic modulator for modulating said focused beam in response to pulse width modulated signals, an acousto-optic modulator control circuit for providing said pulse width modulated signals to said acousto-optic modulator, an anamorphic lens system consisting of a spherical lens, a cylindrical lens and a spherical lens for recollimating and performing a Fourier transformation of said modulated beam in the fast scan plane, a spatial slot filter for limiting predetermined frequencies of said Fourier transformed beam, a rotating polygon mirror having a plurality of facets for scanning said filtered beam through a scan angle, a f-theta lens system consisting of two cylindrical lens for focusing said scanning beam in the fast scan plane across a line on said recording medium, and a wobble correction lens system consisting a cylindrical lens and a cylindrical mirror for focusing said scanning beam in the slow scan plane across a line on said recording medium. By way of example only, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 (already described) is a schematic view of a prior art tri-level imaging system. Figures 2a and 2b (already described) show three voltage discharge levels obtained by the exposure system of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a schematic view of the pulsed imaging, pulse width modulation raster output scanner for tri-level exposure. Figure 4A is a schematic view of the video pulse sequence for one bit on/one bit off for a full width pulse. Figure 4B is a schematic view of the video pulse sequence for one bit on/one bit off for a partial width pulse. Figure 5A is a schematic view of the intensity profile of the Fourier transform of the full width pulse of Figure 4A. Figure 5B is a schematic view of the intensity profile of the Fourier transform of the partial width pulse of Figure 4B. Figure 6A is a schematic view of the intensity profile of the full width pulse of Figure 5A after being filtered through a spatial filter. Figure 6B is a schematic view of the intensity profile of the partial width pulse of Figure 5B after being filtered through a spatial filter. Reference is now made to Figure 3 wherein there is disclosed a non-facet tracking, pulsed imaging raster output scanner 80 with pulse width modulation for tri-level exposure for a highlight color imaging system. The raster output scanner 80 uses a Scophany scanner architecture. A light source 82 provides the original beam of light 84 for the scanner 80. The light source 82 is preferably a laser, such as a helium-cadmium laser or a helium-neon laser, which generates a collimated beam of monochromatic light 84. The monochromatic light beam is focused by a lens system 86 of a cylindrical lens 88 and a spherical lens 90 onto modulator 92. The modulator 92 is an acousto-optic Bragg cell or, as it is more commonly called, an acousto-optic modulator. The acousto-optic modulator 92 is used to modulate the light beam 84 in accordance with the information contained in the electrical video signal supplied to the modulator 92 by control circuit 94. The beam 84 is modulated by the individual bits of the pulse sequences of the video signal from the modulator control circuit 94. The control circuit 94 converts an image bitmap video data stream into an analog video data stream consisting of a plurality of pixel periods. The simplest and fastest video pulse sequence for the video data stream is one bit on/one bit off as shown in Figure 4A. The pulse 96 takes up the full width 98 of the pulse sequence to form a full pulse width. A pulse 100 in Figure 48 (still in the one bit on/one bit off pattern) which does not fill the full width 98 of the pulse sequence is a partial pulse width or pulse width modulated. The partial pulse can be any percent of the full width 98 of the pulse sequence from 0% to 100%, although 15% to 70% is preferable, and 50% is illustrated in Figure 4B. When pulse width modulation is being applied to reduce the exposure level of a string of "on" pixels, the average light level that passes through the modulator is proportional to the duty cycle of the pulse stream. However, since the sideband energy is subsequently blocked (see below), the average light level is further reduced, the actual reduction depending on the higher harmonic content that is passed to the acoustic wave. In practice, it can be expected that pulse width modulation at a 50% duty cycle will result in an exposure level of about 25%. The video bit pulse sequence is translated into individual acoustic pulses in sequence in the modulator 92 which in turn modulates the light beam 84. The collimated beam of light 84 is modulated by modulator 92. Without a video signal applied to the modulator 92 by control circuit 94, only a non-diffracted, zero order output beam 102 is produced. The non-diffracted beam 102 is absorbed by a beam stop 104 for printing a uniform zero exposure along the scan line of the recording medium. Typically, application of a video signal to the modulator 92 by the control circuit 94 will produce two significant output beams: a first-order, modulated beam 106 and the zero-order, non-diffracted, non-modulated beam 102 which is absorbed by the beam stop 104. The modulated beam 106 has a spatial profile defined by the video bit signal pulse and a spatial intensity which is a function of the amplitude of the video signal applied to the modulator. The pulse width narrowed video signals which have been pulse width modulated become spatially narrow optical pulses. The modulated beam 106 from the modulator 92 is recollimated by an anamorphic lens system 108 . The anamorphic lens system 108 consists of a spherical lens 110, a cylindrical lens 112 and a spherical lens 114. The anamorphic lens system 108 also performs a Fourier transform on the fast scan plane portion of the modulated beam 106 to form a Fourier transformed, modulated beam 116. The full pulse width beam of Figure 4A after recollimation and Fourier transformation by the anamorphic lens system will produce an intensity profile 118 in the Fourier plane as shown in Figure 5A. The intensity profile 118 has a single central lobe 120 and two side lobes 122. The spacing 124 between a side lobe 122 and the central lobe 120 is described by the equation (f 0 W EFL) where f 0 is the spatial frequency of the video pattern, W is the wavelength of light and EFL is the effective focal length of the anamorphic lens system 108. The partial pulse width beam or pulse width modulated beam of Figure 48 after recollimation and Fourier transformation by the anamorphic lens system will produce a intensity profile 126 in Figure 5B similar to the intensity profile 118 in Figure 5A. The partial pulse 100 of Figure 4B is only a fractional width of the full pulse 96 of Figure 4A. The intensity profile 126 in Figure 5B also has a single central lobe 128 and two side lobes 130. However, the spacing 132 in Figure 5B between a side lobe 130 and the central lobe 138, using the equation (f 0 W EFL), is twice as large as the spacing 124 in Figure 5A. The spatial frequency of the partial pulse 100 is twice that of the full pulse 96 in the one bit on/one bit off pulse pattern. As previously stated, the partial pulse 100 is 50% of the full pulse 96, so that the frequency of the one bit on/one bit off pattern is twice. The Fourier transformed, modulated beam 116 is then filtered by a spatial frequency bandpass filter 136. The spatial filter 136, which can be a simple slot filter, will block the farther spaced apart side lobes 130 of the intensity profile 126 of the partial pulse width modulated beam as shown in Figure 68 while allowing the closer spaced side lobes 122 of the full pulse width beam to pass through the filter 136 as shown in Figure 6A. The limited size of the slot acts as a Fourier plane spatial frequency bandpass filter that limits the upper frequency that is reflected to the photoreceptor. In Figure 6A, it is seen that the frequency associated with a 1-on/1-off pattern is passed through the optical system, thereby allowing printing of that frequency. Figure 68 shows the diffraction pattern for printing a uniform intermediate exposure. The pulse width modulated video pattern is turned on and off for each pixel, with the on time corresponding to the desired exposure level. The frequency of this pattern is twice that of the 1-on/1-off pattern and thus, the associated diffraction lobes are blocked by the spatial filter. This spatial frequency filtering of the optical signal results in a uniform intermediate level output. Thus, the intensity profile 118 of the full pulse width beam will be at full intensity from the central lobe and the two side lobes for printing a uniform full exposure along the scan line of the recording medium. The spatially filtered intensity profile 126 of the partial pulse width modulated beam will contain only the central lobe for printing at a lower, partial intensity the same pattern (one bit on/one bit off in this example) as the full width pulse beam. The spatially filtered intensity profile 126 of the partial pulse width modulated beam will print a uniform intermediate exposure along the scan line of the recording medium. The intermediate exposure level is obtained from the pulse width narrowed video signals which become spatially narrow optical pulses exiting the modulator and are filtered by the spatial filter to result in a low uniform exposure at the recording medium. The spatial filter 136 is stationary in the optical path since the raster output scanner 80 is non-facet tracking and the beam 116 is not moving to track the rotating polygon mirror facet. The modulated, collimated, Fourier-transformed, filtered beam 138 from the spatial filter 136 is reflected from the facet 140 of the rotating polygon mirror 142 through a scan angle from the rotation of the polygon facets. The reflected beam 138 passes through a f-theta lens system 144 comprised of a negative cylindrical lens 146 and a positive cylindrical lens 148 for focusing the beam in the fast scan plane. The beam then passes through a wobble correction system 150 consisting of a cylindrical lens 152 and a cylindrical mirror 154 for correcting for wobble in the slow scan plane. The f-theta lens system 144 and wobble correction system 150 focus the resulting beam 156 at a point 158 along a scan line 160 along the surface of a recording medium 162 which is sensitive to the spatial intensity profile of the beam. As shown, medium 162 is preferably a xerographic drum which is rotated in the direction of arrow 164 to provide the Y direction of scan. The recording medium can be the photosensitive medium of a photoreceptor. As noted previously, the Fourier transform by the anamorphic lens system 108 and the subsequent filtering by the spatial filter 136 results in a uniform exposure of the spatial intensity of the beam 156 as either full exposure, intermediate exposure or zero exposure at the recording medium 162. The intermediate exposure level is obtained from the pulse width narrowed video signals which become spatially narrow optical pulses exiting the modulator 92 and are filtered by spatial filter 136 to result in a low uniform exposure at the recording medium 162. The zero exposure level is obtained from a non-modulated beam which exits the modulator and is blocked by the beam stop. In this configuration, an image of an acousto-optic video stream from the acousto-optic modulator is imaged to the recording medium. The imaging optics are composed of a set of anamorphic prepolygon optics and f-theta postpolygon scan optics. The rotating polygon is placed at the back focal plane of the set of scan optics and at the front focal plane of the prepolygon optics. The rotating polygon causes the optical image of the acousto-optic video pattern to sweep across the scan line of the recording medium with a certain velocity in addition to the image velocity. Acoustic image motion at the surface of the recording medium which, if uncorrected, would blur the optical image, is cancelled by balancing the acoustic and scan velocities with the prepolygon and postpolygon optics magnification, resulting in the acoustic image remaining stationary on the recording medium. The spatial filter 136 can be a liquid crystal spatial frequency bandpass filter. The spatial filter 136 can be positioned anywhere along the optical path between the anamorphic lens system 108 and the f-theta lens system 144. The key factor is the beam to be filtered must be Fourier transformed and collimated in the fast scan plane. The beam after the reflection from the polygon facet is moving through a scan angle. A spatial filter positioned between the polygon mirror and the f-theta lens system, therefore, would have to move in synchronization with the beam. A slot filter could be physically moved or the aperture image could be moved in a stationary liquid crystal filter. The one bit on/one bit off pulse pattern is used as an illustrative example. Other bit pulse patterns from the video drive signal can be used to form pulsed imaging. Other bit pulse patterns will have different spatial intensity profiles after Fourier transformation but the profiles will still consist of a pattern of lobes. Pulse width modulation to form partial width pulses will have side lobes father spaced apart after Fourier transform. Some of these spaced lobes will be blocked by the spatial filter yielding partial intensity or intermediate exposure along the scan line of the recording medium. The exact bit pulse pattern affects only the pattern of the exposure. The exact bit pulse pattern does not affect the uniformity of the exposure level nor whether it is a full exposure level or an intermediate exposure level. Since the modulator is not facet-tracking in a non-facet tracking scanner architecture, there is no modulator roll off of the imaging beam. If the modulator carrier frequency is kept constant at 105 MHz, a frequency which will not beat adversely with the modulated pulses, optical power fluctuations will be alleviated. The polygon size is increased to account for the non-facet tracking architecture to sufficiently to pass all relevant spatial information to the photoreceptor.

Claims: A pulsed imaging, non-facet tracked, pulse width modulated raster output scanner system for creating exposures on a recording medium (162), comprising: means (82) for providing a collimated beam of high intensity radiation, an acousto-optic modulator (92) for modulating said beam in response to electrical signals, a polygon scanner (142) having a plurality of facets for line scanning said beam across said recording medium to form the exposures, and optical means for performing a Fourier transformation of the modulated beam and for spatial bandpass filtering to limit the transmission of predetermined frequencies of the transformed beam, characterised in that the exposures are tri-level exposures, in that said electrical signals are pulse width modulated signals including at least pulses of a first width and a second width, said optical means thereby outputting a beam of a first effective intensity and second effective intensity corresponding to two respective levels of said tri-level exposures. A scanner system as claimed in claim 1, in which the optical means comprises an anamorphic lens system (108) for recollimating and performing the Fourier transformation of the modulated beam, and spatial filtering means (136) for limiting predetermined frequencies of the transformed beam. A scanner system as claimed in claim 2, in which the spatial filtering means (136) is positioned between the anamorphic lens system (108) and the polygon scanner (142). A scanner system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a control circuit (94) for providing said pulse width modulated signals to the acousto-optic modulator (92). A scanner system as claimed in claim 4, in which the control circuit (94) is operable to convert an image bit map video data stream into a composite analog video image data stream for applying to the acousto-optic modulator (92) for modulating the said beam. A scanner system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a focussing lens system (86) for focusing the said beam onto the modulator. A scanner system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a f-theta lens system (144) and a wobble correction system (150) for focusing said scanning beam across a line on the recording medium. A scanner system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the anamorphic lens system (108) performs the Fourier transformation of the modulated beam in a fast scan plane of the scanner system.

Inventors: BANTON MARTIN E, CIANCIOSI MICHAEL S, FETH SUSAN E, GARCIA KEVIN J, GIRMAY GIRMAY K, LAMA WILLIAM L, LOCE ROBERT P, SWANBERG MELVIN E, WU PETER K, BANTON, MARTIN E., CIANCIOSI, MICHAEL S., FETH, SUSAN E., GARCIA, KEVIN J., GIRMAY, GIRMAY K., LAMA, WILLIAM L., LOCE, ROBERT P., SWANBERG, MELVIN E., WU, PETER K.
Applicants: XEROX CORP, XEROX CORPORATION
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G02B26
IPC codes: G02B26, B41J2, H04N1, G06K15