METHOD OF IMPROVING THE ELUTION YIELD OF A RADIOISOTOPE GENERATOR

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the elution yield of a radioisotope generator by supplying air to the eluent reservoir thereof during elution of the generator, which air has a minimized alcohol content. The invention further relates to a radioisotope generator comprising filter means suitable for reducing the alcohol content of said air to be supplied.

Description: Method of improving the elution yield of a radioisotope generator. The present invention relates to a method of improving the elution yield of a radioisotope generator, comprising a column containing carrier material adapted to adsorb a parent isotope, said column including an inlet opening and an outlet opening, said outlet opening being connected via an eluate conduit to a tapping point, where a liquid eluate containing a daughter radioisotope can be obtained, said inlet opening being connected via an eluent conduit to an eluent reservoir, said reservoir being provided with an inlet opening for air suppletion to the generator during elution thereof. Radioisotope generators are devices used in obtaining a solution of a daughter radioisotope such as technetium-99m from an adsorbed parent radioisotope such as molybdenum-99 which produces the daughter radioisotope upon radioactive decay. The solution of the daughter radioisotope may be used for radiodiagnoεtic purposes. Conventionally, radioisotope generators include a column containing the parent radioisotope adsorbed on a carrier material such as an anion exchange medium or another medium such as alumina which has a relatively high adsorptive capacity for the parent radioisotope but a relatively low adsorptive capacity for the daughter radioisotope. To obtain the desired daughter radioisotope, the column is eluted by washing with a suitable solvent or eluent such as a saline solution. The resulting eluate containing the daughter radioisotope in the form of a dissolved salt is useful as a diagnostic agent, for example, and can then be used for intravenous administration. To obtain a quantity of the eluate from the generator in a simple and safe manner, a reservoir containing a quantity of eluent can be connected to the inflow side of the column and an evacuated elution vial can be connected to the outflow side of the column at a tapping point on the generator. The vacuum in the vial draws the eluent from the reservoir, through the column and into the vial, thereby eluting the daughter radioisotope from the column. More in particular, the present invention relates to a method of improving the elution yield of a radioisotope generator, as described above, wherein the column of the radioisotope generator contains a carrier material which at least substantially consists of alumina, wherein the parent isotope is molybdenum-99, wherein the daughter isotope is technetium-99m, and wherein the eluent is a saline solution, preferably a physiological saline solution. The eluate produced by such a Mo99-Tc99m generator can indeed be used directly as a diagnostic agent and can then be administered intravenously to enable imaging of the organ or of the pathological process in which the radioactivity has been accumulated (scanning) . Generally, however, the eluate is not suitable for selective radioactive labelling of the target organ or tissue. For this purpose one needs labelled substances, such as phosphonates, colloids, complex-forming ligands, peptides and biological macromolecules, e.g. proteins, etc., having a large target organ specificity. Therefore, the eluate of a Mo99-Tc99m generator is usually adapted for the labelling of suitable substances. Such a labelling procedure is generally so simple, that the user can perform his or her own labelling reaction in the clinic or clinical laboratory. For this purpose the substance to be labelled can be at the user's disposal in the form of a so- called cold kit. The eluate can easily be obtained by the user from the Mo99-Tc99m generator available for this purpose. It is common practice to use a Mo99-Tc99m generator for the above purposes, wherein the column contains as a carrier material alumina provided with a small content of hydrated manganese dioxide. Such a generator is disclosed e.g. in U.S. patent 3,970,583. The hydrated managanese dioxide present on the carrier material normally has a favourable influence on the elution yield, viz. generally the elution yield is improved and fluctuations in the elution yield are avoided by applying such a modified alumina as a carrier material. It has been observed, however, that by employing this usually applied carrier material in a Mo99-Tc99m generator, the eluate thus obtained may contain several impurities which cause problems, in particular when used for the labelling of certain substances as defined above. These labelling problems are expressed in low and/or fluctuating labelling yields. To avoid these problems, one has resorted to the use of unmodified alumina as a carrier material for the column of a radioisotope generator. Indeed, this has a favourable effect on the labelling yield, but in practice the improvement is not sufficient, because it results in irreproducible elution yields of the generator. Consequently, the users of radioisotope generators continue to complain of the inexplicably fluctuating elution yields. It is the object of the present invention to provide a method of improving the elution yield of a radioisotope generator, including avoidance of fluctuations in these elution yields, as defined in the opening paragraph, and still yielding an eluate with a high purity. This object can be achieved according to the present invention, in that during elution of the generator air is supplied to the eluent reservoir, which air has a minimized alcohol content. Surprisingly it has been found, that the presence of even small traces of alcohol, such as propanol or ethanol, can dramatically influence the elution yield. Alcohol, in particular propanol, may be employed during assemblage of the generator and is usually employed in a clinic or clinical laboratory for cleaning and sterilizing purposes. It therefore stands to reason, that the air, to which the radioisotope generator is exposed, nearly always comprises traces of alcohol. Upon use of the generator, as described above, this alcohol-contaminated air enters the eluent reservoir and consequently the generator. Apparently these small traces of alcohol are sufficient to derange the elution, resulting in a low and/or fluctuating elution yield. It will be clear from the above, that the method is in particular applicable to a Mo99-Tc99m generator, i.e. a radioisotope generator of which the column contains a carrier material which at least substantially consists of alumina, wherein the parent isotope is molybdenum-99, wherein the daughter isotope is technetium-99m, and wherein the eluent is a saline solution, preferably a physiological saline solution. It has been observed, that by using the method of the present invention, a high and constant elution yield is guaranteed during the whole elution period, even when unmodified alumina is used as a carrier for the parent isotope molybdenum-99. The extent to which the alcohol content in the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir should be reduced depends on the frequency of use of the generator and consequently on the quantity of supplied air per time unit. Preferably the alcohol content of the air to be supplied should be reduced to such an extent, that the alcohol concentration in the eluent never can reach a value of 0.1^1/ml, preferably of 0.05 /.I/ml. This will be demonstrated in a model example attached. In practice, the alcohol content of the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir can easily be reduced by using a suitable filter means. A suitable filter means for this purpose is an active-carbon filter, either in the form of active-carbon granules contained in a filter housing, or in the form of an active-carbon filter plate framed in a holder. The present invention also relates to a radioisotope generator as defined hereinbefore, said generator being characterized in that it comprises filter means suitable for reducing the alcohol content of the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir during elution of the generator. A suitable filter means comprises an active carbon filter, as stated above. The filter means is preferably sealingly connected to the inlet opening of the eluent reservoir to avoid any inward leakage of alcohol-contaminated air during elution. Normally the inlet opening of the eluent reservoir is equally provided with a bacteria filter to keep the generator in a sterile condition. In a favourable embodiment, the filter means to be used according to the invention is connected between the eluent reservoir and the bacteria filter. The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the following specific examples. EXAMPLE 1 Model experiments with respect to the elution yield relative to the propanol content of the eluent. The influence of propanol in the eluent (0.9 % aqueous NaCl- solution) on the elution yield is determined, both in a Mo99- Tc99m generator with an unmodified A1 2 0 3 -packed column, and in the same generator with a hydr.-Mn0 2 modified A1 2 0 3 - packed column. The experiments are performed by dissolving the indicated quantity of propanol into the eluent and by then using said ■■ alcohol-contaminated" eluent for eluting the generator. The results of the first five elutions (El.l to El.5) are recorded in Table A below. EXAMPLE II Influence of propanol, introduced under the elution cover of a radioisotope generator, on the elution yield Propanol, in an amount of 0.5 ml, is introduced under the elution cover of a radioisotope generator, so in the proximity of the inlet opening of the eluent reservoir. The Mo99-Tc99m generator used has been provided with an unmodified Al 0 3 -packed column. After the second elution another 0.5 ml quantity of propanol is introduced under the elution cover of the generator. The results of the next elution are recorded in Table B below, both in the absence and in the presence of an active-carbon filter. Table B FIGURES In the accompanying figures suitable embodiments of filter holders, which can be used in the radioisotope of the invention, are shown, both in longitudinal sectional view. The holder shown in Fig. 1 is adapted to accommodate active- carbon granules. This holder comprises a filter housing 10, to the upper edge of which a cover 11 has been clamped, both parts being manufactured from a synthetic material. At the side opposite the cover, the housing is provided with a means for a sealing connection to the inlet opening of the eluent reservoir of a radioisotope generator. This connection means is formed as a luer lock cone 12 and is integrated with the housing of the holder. The cover can be removed from the housing to allow the holder to be filled with active-carbon granules. Upon use in a generator, the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir is admitted to the holder through the bores 13, recessed in the cover, passes the active-carbon granules and leaves the housing through a bore 14, provided in the bottom thereof. The holder further comprises a centring skirt 15 and strengthening ribs 16. The holder 20 shown in Fig. 2 is adapted to accommodate an active-carbon filter plate to be clamped within the holder between the upper (21) and lower (22) edges thereof.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method of improving the elution yield of a radioisotope generator, comprising a column containing carrier material adapted to adsorb a parent isotope, said column including an inlet opening and an outlet opening, said outlet opening being connected via an eluate conduit to a tapping point, where a liquid eluate containing a daughter radioisotope can be obtained, said inlet opening being connected via an eluent conduit to an eluent reservoir, said reservoir being provided with an inlet opening for air suppletion to the generator during elution thereof, said method being characterized, in that during elution of the generator air is supplied to the eluent reservoir, which air has a minimized alcohol content. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the column of the radioisotope generator contains a carrier material which at least substantially consists of alumina, wherein the parent isotope is molybdenum-99, wherein the daughter isotope is technetium-99m, and wherein the eluent is a saline solution, preferably a physiological saline solution. 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that during elution of the generator air is supplied to the eluent reservoir, the alcohol content of which is reduced to such an extent, that the alcohol concentration in the eluent never can reach a value of 0.1 cl/ml, preferably of 0.05 μ-1/ml. 4. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the alcohol content in the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir is reduced by using a suitable filter means. 5. A method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the alcohol content in the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir is reduced by using an active-carbon filter. 6. A radioisotope generator, comprising a column containing carrier material adapted to adsorb a parent isotope, said column including an inlet opening and an outlet opening, said outlet opening being connected via an eluate conduit to a tapping point, where a liquid eluate containing a daughter radioisotope can be obtained, said inlet opening being connected via an eluent conduit to an eluent reservoir, said reservoir being provided with an inlet opening for air suppletion to the generator during elution thereof, said generator being characterized in that it comprises filter means suitable for reducing the alcohol content of the air to be supplied to the eluent reservoir during elution of the generator. 7. A generator as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the filter means comprises an active-carbon filter. 8. A generator as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the filter means is sealingly connected to the inlet opening of the eluent reservoir. 9. A generator as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the filter means is connected between the eluent reservoir and a bacteria filter, equally sealingly connected to the inlet opening of the eluent reservoir.

Inventors: BENJAMINS HARM M, KROON MATHIJS, BENJAMINS, HARM, M., KROON, MATHIJS
Applicants: MALLINCKRODT MEDICAL INC, MALLINCKRODT MEDICAL, INC.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G21G4
IPC codes: B01D59, G21G4