Image forming apparatus having image transfer electrode contactable to transfer material

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing a toner image, movable along an endless path; an original supporting platen for supporting an original; an illumination source for illuminating an original on the supporting platen; an image forming device including a charger (10), an exposure optical system, including a reciprocable part, for directing a light image of the original on the supporting platen, a developing device (51) and an image transfer device (4), wherein the reciprocable part moves in a first direction, during an image formation, in which the light image is directed to the image bearing member for image formation thereon and in a second direction, during non-image-formation, for returning the part; wherein the illumination source emits light both during the image formation and during the non-image-formation to direct the light image to the image bearing member, and wherein a developing bias voltage (E d ) in the developing device is switched depending on whether the apparatus is in the image formation or in the non-image-formation so that an image formed on the image bearing member is not developed by the developing device (51) during the non-image-formation.

Description: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus of an electrophotographic type or the like. An electrophotographic type copying machine is known as one of image forming apparatuses. In such a copying apparatus, a surface of a photosensitive drum (image bearing member) is electrically charged by a primary charging device to a predetermined potential, and the charged surface is exposed to image light so that an electrostatic latent image is formed thereon. The electrostatic latent image is developed with toner particles so that a toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum. Opposed to the photosensitive drum, there is provided a transfer charger (transfer means) to transfer the toner image from the photosensitive drum onto a transfer material supplied thereto. In such a copying machine, where the photosensitive member is not exposed to the light image, that is, during non-image-formation period, a blank exposure is effective to expose the photosensitive member to uniform light to erase the electrostatic latent image to prevent toner from being deposited on the photosensitive drum. The transfer device for transferring the toner to the transfer material is provided with a transfer member to which an image transfer bias, so that the toner on the photosensitive drum is attracted to the transfer material, from the back side of the transfer material supplied between the transfer member and the photosensitive drum. The transfer charging devices are classified is non-contact type (corona charger) and a contact type, depending on whether the transfer member is pressed to the photosensitive drum with the transfer material therebetween. Recently, the latter contact type charging device is widely used from the standpoint of the reduction of the ozone production and the reduction of the applied voltage. The transfer member is in contact with the photosensitive drum except when the transfer material is present at the transfer station. For this reason, the surface of the transfer member tends to be contaminated with the matters on the photosensitive drum. The contamination is deposited then onto the next supplied transfer material. In order to prevent this back side contamination, the following measurements are taken in the case of so-called regular development system. (1) Where the photosensitive drum is rotated when the image is not formed on the transfer material i.e. during pre-rotation during intervals between transfer materials, and during post-rotation, which will all hereinafter be generally called "non-image-formation period", the surface potential of the photosensitive drum is maintained at 0 V to prevent the deposition of the toner to the transfer member. In one method, the photosensitive drum is exposed to light from a light source for this purpose (blank exposure light source) or a reflection mirror (blank shutter), by which the surface of the photosensitive drum is electrically discharged. In another method, the charging bias of the primary charger is set to 0 V, so as to prevent the charging of the surface of the photosensitive drum. (2) When a toner image having a size larger than the size of the transfer material is formed on the photosensitive drum, the toner image outside the transfer material may be deposited on the transfer member even if the transfer material is supplied in good order. In order to prevent this, the width of the transfer material is detected, and thereafter, side blank exposure is accomplished in accordance with the detected size. However, these methods are intended to prevent beforehand the deposition of the toner on the surface of the transfer member, and therefore, if the toner is deposited onto the surface of the transfer member for one reason or another, the backside contamination is unavoidable. For example, when the transfer material is not supplied in good order due to transfer material jam or the like despite the toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum in good order, the surface of the transfer member is contaminated. In order to avoid this by cleaning the surface of the contaminated transfer member, the following methods are known: (1) The toner is mechanically removed from the surface of the transfer member by a transfer member cleaner. (2) The transfer member is supplied with a bias voltage of a polarity opposite to that required for transferring the toner onto the transfer material so as to move the toner from the transfer member to the photosensitive drum. When the images are successively transferred onto the continuously supplied transfer materials, the time usable for the toner removal is not sufficient in the case of the transfer member cleaner, and therefore, it has been difficult to completely remove the toner. For this reason, the second method, the opposite polarity bias application, has been widely used. However, in the method of cleaning the surface of the transfer material by application of the opposite polarity bias, the surface of the photosensitive drum may be charged to the opposite polarity, as well as the transfer of the toner from the transfer member to the photosensitive drum. The photosensitive drum is maintained charged to the opposite polarity until the primary charging device recharge the surface thereof to the proper polarity for the purpose of next image forming operation. If the surface of the photosensitive drum is charged to the opposite polarity, the photosensitive drum, particularly the organic photo conductor (OPC) drum, is easily deteriorated Inaddition, the deterioration increases with increase of the time in which the surface is charged in the opposite polarity. Therefore, when the transfer member is cleaned in the prior art method, the sensitivity durability of the photosensitive drum, particularly an OPC drum is easily deteriorated. GB-A-2182285 and EP-A-0345033 both disclose an image forming apparatus comprising a photosensitive member movable along an endless path, charging means for uniformly charging said photosensitive member, exposure means for exposing said photosensitive member charged by said charging means to light from an original image, developing means for developing an electrostatic image on said photosensitive member, and transfer means, press-contacted to said photosensitive member for transferring a developed image from said photosensitive member onto a transfer material Accordingly, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide an image forming apparatus in which the backside contamination of the transfer material is prevented without increased sensitivity deterioration of the photosensitive drum. According to the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus comprising a photosensitive member movable along an endless path, charging means for uniformly charging said photosensitive member, exposure means for exposing said photosensitive member charged by said charging means to light from an original image, developing means for developing an electrostatic image on said photosensitive member, and transfer means, press-contacted to said photosensitive member for transferring a developed image from said photosensitive member onto a transfer material, characterised by: charge control means for controlling a charge potential of said photosensitive member by said charging means; developing bias control means for controlling a developing bias applied to said developing means; transfer control means for controlling a voltage applied to said transfer means; and in that during a non-image-formation period, said charge control means is adapted to change the charge potential of said photosensitive member to a non-image-portion potential of the same polarity as during an image-formation period and of a level lower than the potential during the image formation period; said developing bias control means is adapted to change the developing bias to a level for not developing the non-image-portion potential, and said transfer control means is adapted to apply to said transfer means a voltage having a polarity opposite from a voltage applied during an image transfer operation. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a copying apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 illustrates power sources or the like connected to a primary charger in the copying apparatus. Figure 3 is a timing chart of application timing of a bias voltage applied to the primary charger or the like. Figure 4 is a graph of a difference of a surface potential of a photosensitive drum during image formation and non-image-formation (transfer roller cleaning period). Figure 5 shows a relationship between a development contrast and a reflection density. Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the general structure of an image forming apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 illustrates a power source or the like connected to a primary charger or the like in the copying machine. Figure 8 is a timing chart of application timing of a various voltage applied to the primary charger or the like. Figure 9 is a graph of a relationship between the surface potential of the photosensitive drum and the voltage applied to the charging roller. Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a general structure of a copying machine according to a further embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 illustrates power sources or the like connected to the primary charger or the like in the copying machine. Figure 12 is a timing chart of application timing of a bias voltage applied to the primary charger or the like. Figure 13 is a graph of a relationship between the surface potential of the photosensitive drum and a voltage applied to the charging roller. Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a copying apparatus according to a further embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 is a graph of a relationship between a reflection density of an original and a sensor output voltage or a photosensitive drum potential. Figure 16 is a graph of a relationship between a sensor output voltage and a DC component of a developing bias voltage. Figure 17 is a timing chart of a timing of application of a bias voltage to the primary charger or the like. Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of a copying apparatus according to a yet further embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 is a timing chart showing application timing of a bias voltage applied to the primary charger or the like. Figure 20 is a graph showing a relationship between a sensor output voltage and a primary DC bias. Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a copying apparatus as an exemplary image forming apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The copying machine incorporates a process cartridge 20, which is detachably mountable to the main assembly of the copying apparatus by moving it along rails. When the copying apparatus is loaded with the process cartridge 20, the proper parts of the process cartridge 20 and the proper parts of the main assembly, are mechanically and electrically connected. The process cartridge 20 is provided with a photosensitive drum (image bearing member) which is rotatably supported therein and which comprises an OPC photosensitive layer. When the process cartridge 20 is set in the main assembly, the photosensitive drum 1 is rotated by an unshown driving means to be rotated in a direction A (clockwise direction). Around the photosensitive drum 1, there are provided a primary charger (charging means) 10 for electrically charging the surface of the drum 1 to a potential, a developing device (developing means) 3 containing toner to develop the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 1 into a toner image, and a cleaning device 9 for removing the residual toner from the photosensitive drum 1. They are disposed in the order named in the rotational direction of the photosensitive drum. Below the process cartridge 20, a transfer roller (transfer means) 4 is disposed so as to be rotated by the photosensitive drum 1 through the contact therebetween. It is effective to transfer the toner image from the photosensitive drum to the transfer material P. Above the process cartridge 20, there is an exposure device L. The light emitted from an original illumination lamp 13 is directed by a reflection mirror 16 to an original 15 supported on an original supporting platen glass 14, and is reflected by the original 15. The light is then transmitted through a short focus lens array 2 and is imaged on the photosensitive drum, so that an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1. To the right of the main assembly, there is mounted a cassette accommodating a number of transfer materials P, although not shown in the Figure. The transfer material P taken out therefrom is supplied in synchronism with the rotation of the photosensitive drum 1 by timing rollers 6. The transfer material P is passed along the transfer guide 7 so as to be passed through a nip between the transfer drum 1 and the transfer roller 4. The transfer material P having received the toner image is fed to the downstream (left s-ide) by a conveying device 8 to a fixing device (not shown), where the toner image is fixed on the transfer material P. When a switch is actuated by an operator after the original 15 is placed on the platen glass 14, the original illumination lamp 13 is actuated. The emitted light is reflected by the reflection mirror 16 and by the original 15, and is imaged on the photosensitive drum 1 through a short focus lens array 2. The original supporting platen glass 14 supporting the original 15 is moved from left to right in direction B. Since the photosensitive drum 1 is rotating, an image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1. In this embodiment, the original illumination lamp 13 emits the light, also when the platen glass 14 returns from the right position to the original position. Since no blank exposure mechanism such as blank exposure means or blank shutter (reflection mirror) as in the described prior art, is used, the light reflected by the original is imaged on the photosensitive drum 1 through the short focus lens array 2 also when the platen glass 14 moves back in the direction opposite to a direction B. Referring to Figure 2, the description will be made as to the electrical structure in the copying apparatus. The primary charger 10 has a corona wire 10a to which a predetermined voltage Vw is applied by connection thereof to a voltage source (image bearing member surface control means) Ew. The corona wire 10a is enclosed with a shield case 10b. The shield case 10b has a channel-like cross-section with which it is opened only toward the photosensitive drum 1. Between the photosensitive drum 1 and the corona wire 10a, a grid electrode 10c is disposed. To the shield case 10b and the grid electrode 10c, predetermined voltages (grid bias) Vg1 and Vg2 are applied from a voltage source (image bearing member surface control means) Eg, in a proper manner. The developing device 3 has a developing sleeve 51 for carrying toner particles. To the developing sleeve 51, a developing bias is selectively applied in a proper manner from a voltage source Ed (V AC + V DC1 , V AC + V DC2 ). To the transfer roller 4, a voltage source Et is connected, so that opposite polarity transfer bias voltages Vtc and Vt, are selectively applied in proper manner. Referring to Figure 3, the description will be made as to the voltage application timing to the primary charger 10 or the like. Figure 3 is a timing chart showing application timing and levels of voltages applied to the primary charger 10 or the like. As shown in the Figure, when a main motor is actuated in response to a predetermined signal input, a pre-rotation of the photosensitive drum 1 starts, the grid electrode 10c is supplied with a grid bias voltage Vg1, and the developing sleeve 51 is supplied with a developing bias voltage in the form of a DC biased AC voltage (V DC1 + V AC ), and the transfer roller 4 is supplied with an image transfer bias voltage Vtc. During the pre-rotation, the original illumination lamp 13 is energized, so that a light image corresponding to the image of the original 15 is projected onto the photosensitive drum 1 by the exposure device L. Since, however, the voltage Vg1 applied to the grid electrode 10c is smaller (same polarity) than the grid bias voltage Vg2 to be applied during the copying operation, the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 has a lower contrast. During the pre-rotation period, the opposite polarity transfer bias voltage Vtc functions to transfer the toner having the same polarity as that of the voltage Vtc to the photosensitive drum 1, by which the surface of the transfer roller 4 is cleaned. When the image forming operation is started after completion of the pre-rotation, the grid bias voltage is increased from Vg1 to Vg2, and therefore, the electrostatic latent image having the proper contrast is formed. The developing bias is switched from V DC1 to V DC2 , in which the voltage V DC2 is changeable with a dial in an operation panel of the copying apparatus, so that the resultant image density can be controlled as desired by the operator. The transfer bias Vtc is switched to the voltage Vt having the polarity opposite to that of the toner, so that the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 1 is transferred onto the transfer material P. Referring to Figure 4, the description will be made as to the relationship between the density of the original and a surface potential of the photosensitive drum influenced by the density of the original. The image density level of the original is divided into three levels (D = 1.1, 0.30, 0.07). In this Figure, the relationship are shown for the image forming period and the non-image formation period. The grid bias voltage during the non-image-formation period Vg1 is -280 V, and that during the image formation period Vg2 is -630 V. It will be understood from this figure that the surface potential changes within a range between -600 and -150 V in accordance with the image density, so that a high contrast electrostatic latent image is formed. During the non-image-forming period, the surface potential changes only between 0 and -250 V in accordance with the same image density, and therefore, the contrast is low. Therefore, if the developing bias voltage V DC1 during the non-image-forming period is made larger than -250 V (in the negative direction), the toner is not transferred onto the transfer drum since the toner is charged to the positive polarity, in the case of a regular development. As a result, the contamination of the transfer roller 4 can be avoided. Referring to Figure 5, the description will be made as to the proper level of the developing bias voltage V DC1 . Figure 5 shows a relationship between a development contrast and a reflection image density of the toner image. It will be understood from the Figure, the developing action starts in the regular direction if the development contrast exceeds -30 V and increase in the positive direction. If the development contrast increase beyond -400 V in the negative direction, negatively charged toner particles (they are mixed in the toner particles in the developing device 3, although the amount is small), are transferred onto the transfer drum (reverse fog). In order to prevent this, the development contrast is preferably -30 V to -400 V. The development contrast is a potential difference between the surface potential of the photosensitive drum and the developing bias voltage. The surface potential of the photosensitive drum is 0 to -250 V in this embodiment, as described in conjunction with Figure 4, and therefore, the developing bias voltage V DC1 is selected to be -280 to -400 V. Figure 5 shows a V-D curve in the case of a jumping developing method using a non-magnetic and one component toner. In this case, as long as the negative direction of the development contrast is concerned, it will suffice if only the reverse fog is noted. In the case of two component magnetic brush development, there is a problem of carrier deposition on the photosensitive drum, and therefore, the contrast in the negative direction is preferably not more than -200 V which is smaller than -400 V. As will be understood from Figure 4, the latitude of selection of the developing bias voltage V DC1 decreases with increase of the potential during the non-image forming period in the negative direction, and therefore, it is preferably less than -400 V, more particularly, it is preferably less than the grid bias voltage Vg2 = -430 V. By doing so, the photosensitive drum charged to the opposite polarity is immediately re-charged to the proper side polarity by the primary charger 10, and therefore, the sensitivity deterioration due to the opposite polarity charging of the photosensitive drum, can be minimized. Even if an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum by application of light from the original to the photosensitive drum during cleaning operation of the transfer roller 4, the toner deposition on the photosensitive drum can be prevented. For this reason, a further contamination of the transfer roller 4 is prevented, and the unnecessary consumption of the toner can be prevented. As a result, the necessity for a special mechanism for stopping the image exposure during the cleaning of the transfer roller 4, can be eliminated. Referring to Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9, a further embodiment of the present invention will be described. The same reference numerals as in Figures 1 - 5 are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and the detailed description thereof are omitted. In this embodiment, the primary charger is a contact type charging roller 60. Figures 6 and 7 show structures of the copying apparatus using the charging roller 60. The charging bias voltage applied to the charging roller 60 is Vr1 during the non-image formation period, and it is Vr2 during the image forming period. It is switched in the two stages as in the case of the grid bias voltages Vg1 and Vg2. The voltages satisfy Vr1 < Vr2, and the application timing is as shown in Figure 8. When a charging bias applied to the charging roller 60 is a DC voltage, it is usual that the voltage is a charge starting voltage plus a dark portion potential. Figure 9 shows that the charging bias voltage is -1150 V when the charge starting voltage and the dark portion potential are -550 V and -660 V, respectively. When the inventor measured the surface potential of the photosensitive drum during the non-image formation period, it was 0 to -180 V. If the developing bias voltage is selected so that the development contrast is between -300 V and -400 V, the toner deposition on the photosensitive drum can be prevented. Therefore, it will suffice if the developing bias is set to be -210 to -400 V. By doing so, the ozone production by the primary charger can be reduced, and therefore, the service life of the photosensitive drum is expanded. In addition, the necessity for an air discharging fan and/or an ozone filter, may be eliminated, and therefore, the structure of the apparatus is simplified, in addition to the advantageous effects of the foregoing embodiment. Since the photosensitive drum charged to the opposite polarity is immediately re-charged to the proper polarity by the primary charging device 10, and therefore, the sensitivity deterioration due to the charging of the photosensitive drum to the opposite polarity, can be minimized. Additionally, even if the reflected light from the original is applied on the photosensitive drum during the cleaning of the transfer roller 4, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum, the deposition of the toner on the photosensitive drum can be avoided. Therefore, the transfer roller 4 is prevented from a further contamination. And, the unnecessary consumption of the toner can be avoided. As a result, the necessity for a particular mechanism for stopping the image exposure during the cleaning of the transfer roller 4, can be eliminated. Referring to Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13, a further embodiment will be described. The same reference numerals as in Figures 1 - 9 are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and the detailed description thereof are omitted for simplicity. In this embodiment, the charging bias applied to the transfer roller 61 is in the form of an AC voltage V RAC biased with a DC voltage V R . The AC voltage V RAC has a peak-to-peak voltage which is not less than twice the charge starting voltage. The DC voltage V R is proportional to the surface potential V SURF of the photosensitive drum, as shown in Figure 13. The AC component V RAC is contained constant, and the DC voltage component is switched between V R1 for the non-image formation period and V R2 for the image formation period, so that the two stage switching is possible as in the foregoing embodiments. The voltages satisfy V R1 < V R2 (the same polarity), and the application timing is as shown in Figure 12. In this embodiment, V R1 = -250 V, V R2 = -600 V, V RAC = 1.6 kVpp (400 Hz (sine wave)), and V DC1 (the DC component of the developing bias during the non-image-formation period) = 300 V. At this time, the potential of the photosensitive drum is 0 to -230 V during the non-image-formation period, and the development contrast is -70 V to -300 V. This is between the proper development contrast range described hereinbefore (-400 V to -30 V), and therefore, the toner is not wasted during the non-image-formation period. In addition to the same advantageous effects, the surface potential of photosensitive drum can be made uniform without so-called pre-exposure, since the primary charger is of contact type using an AC biased DC voltage. In the foregoing embodiment, the developing bias voltage is in the form of a DC biased DC voltage, and the DC voltage component is actuated during the non-image formation period. However, by rendering off the AC voltage, the possibility of the toner deposition can be further reduced. In the foregoing embodiment, the transfer roller is used, but it is not limiting. It may be in the form of a brush or contact type charger. In addition, the image bearing member is in the form of a photosensitive drum in the foregoing embodiment. This is not limiting, either. It may be in the form of a belt which may or may not have a seam. When it has a seam, the synchronization between the photosensitive member rotation and the image forming operation may be established so as to form the image other than the seam. Referring to Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, a further embodiment will be described. The same reference numerals as in Figures 1 - 13, are assigned to the elements having the corresponding functions, and the detailed description thereof are omitted for simplicity. Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a copying apparatus according to this embodiment of the present invention. A part of the light reflected from the original 15 after being emitted from the original illumination lamp 13, is incident on a reflected light sensor (density detecting means) 21. The reflected light sensor 21 is electrically connected with a controller 22 of the copying apparatus including a CPU. The controller 22 produces an output control signal to a high voltage generator 23 on the basis of a signal from the light sensor 21 to control the bias voltage levels to be applied to the charging roller 50, the developing device 3 and the transfer roller 4. Referring to Figures 15 and 16, the description will be made as to the output voltage of the light sensor 21 and the surface potential of the photosensitive drum. Figure 15 shows a relationship between a reflection density (image density) of the original and an output voltage of the light sensor 21 in a solid line, and the relationship between the reflection density of the original and the surface potential of the photosensitive drum, is shown by a broken line. It will be understood that there is one-two-one relation, respectively, so that with the increase of the reflection density of the original, output voltage of the sensor decreases, and the surface potential of the photosensitive drum increases. Figure 16 shows a relationship between the output voltage of the sensor and the surface potential of the photosensitive drum, determined from the relationship shown in Figure 15. In Figure 16, the sensor output voltage corresponds one-to-one to the potential of the photosensitive drum in a linear function. Therefore, if the sensor output voltage is known, the potential of the photosensitive drum is known. However, the image information of the reflected light incident on the sensor 21 is deviated in time from the image information of the reflected light incident on the photosensitive drum 1 through the short focus lens array 2. The reason is as follows. As shown in Figure 14, the light incident on the photosensitive drum 1 at a time is the one reflected by a portion X of the original 15, and the light incident on the reflected light sensor 21 at the same time is the one reflected by a portion Y. Therefore, when the original platen glass 14 has moved through a predetermined distance the sensor 21 detects the light reflected by the portion X. The description of the original here has a uniform density. Actually, however, the original has character or photograph image or solid black image in mixture, and it is not possible to correctly catch the delicate potential of the photosensitive drum only on the output of the sensor. However, in the case where the dark original or the original having large solid black image portion, the output of the sensor is small, and on the other hand, when the original has low image density, or large white portion, the sensor output is large. Therefore, it reflects the surface potential of the photosensitive drum, generally. The charging bias applied to the charging roller 60 is in the form of an AC voltage V RAC + DC voltage Vr. The developing bias applied to the developing device 3 is in the form of a DC voltage V DC + AC voltage V AC , similarly to the foregoing embodiments. Figure 17 shows the bias voltage application timing or the like as in Figures 3, 8 and 12. As shown, in this embodiment, when the pre-rotation of the photosensitive drum starts, the charging roller 60 supplied with a bias voltage Vr1 + V AC (the same level as in the image formation period), starts to uniformly charge the surface of the photosensitive drum, and the developing bias is set to V DC1 + V AC . In this embodiment, similarly to the foregoing embodiments, the photosensitive drum is exposed to the light reflected by the original, and therefore, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum changes with the density of the original image (broken lines in Figure 15). When the voltage Vr1 is -630 V, the output voltage of the light sensor 21 is as shown by a solid line in Figure 16, depending on the potential of the photosensitive drum. Here, the DC component of the developing bias voltage (V DC ) is changed as shown by a chain line in Figure 16 in accordance with the output voltage of the sensor 21. However, the potential of the photosensitive drum represented by the output of the sensor does not exactly correspond to the surface potential of the portion of the photosensitive drum faced to the developing device (developing zone) at this time. In view of the time time difference, it is preferable that when the portion of the photosensitive drum surface sensed by the sensor comes to the developing zone, the DC component of the developing bias (V DC ) is changed to the level corresponding to the sensor output shown in Figure 16. By changing the DC component (V DC ) of the developing bias in accordance with an output of the sensor 21, the contrast between the photosensitive drum potential and the developing bias potential can be made -50 to -250 V, approximately. In this embodiment, the relationship between the development contrast and the reflection density, is also as shown in Figure 5. Therefore, it is desirable that the development contrast is between -30 V and -400 V. In this embodiment, in accordance with the sensor output, the developing bias voltage V DC1 is changed, so that the above range is satisfied. Therefore, the positive or reversed fog is small during non-image-formation period. If the V DC1 is fixed at -650 V as shown in Figure 16, the surface potential of the photosensitive drum becomes -150 V when a thin original (white original) is used, with the result of -500 V of the contrast, and therefore, reversed fog increased. As described in the foregoing, by changing the DC component of the development bias in accordance with an output of the reflected light sensor 21 for detecting the level of the strength of the light reflected by the original during non-image-formation period, both of the positive and reversed fog are prevented. Thus, the same advantageous effects as in the foregoing embodiments can be provided. The charging bias applied to the charging roller 60 may be made constant irrespective of the image formation, and therefore, the sequential operation control is simplified. Referring to Figures 18, 19 and 20, a further embodiment will be described. Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of a copying apparatus according to this embodiment. The apparatus of this embodiment has the same structure as in the foregoing embodiments, except for the controller 25 and the high voltage generator 26, and therefore, the detailed description of the common parts are omitted for simplicity. Figure 19 shows an application timing or the like of the bias voltage applied to the charging roller 60. During the pre-rotation of the photosensitive drum, the charging roller 60 is supplied with Vr1 + V AC , and the developing device 3 is supplied with V DC1 . The developing bias V DC1 is constant, as contrasted to the foregoing embodiments. The charging bias V R 1 is changed in accordance with an output of the reflected light sensor 21. Figure 20 shows a relationship between an output voltage of the sensor and the voltage V R 1. The sensor output voltage V R 1, as shown in Figure 20, is large when the sensor output voltage is large (white original), and it is small when the sensor output voltage is small (white original). As shown in Figure 20, the charging bias voltage V R 1 is changed in accordance with an output of the light sensor 21, by which the surface potential of the photosensitive drum when it passes by the image exposure position is set to be -150 V, by proper adjustment. Therefore, if the developing bias voltage V DC is constant (-200 to -400 V), the contrast between the surface potential of the photosensitive drum and the developing bias is -50 to -250 V. Therefore, the positive or reversed fog is small even during non-image-formation period. By changing the DC component (V R 1) of the charging bias voltage in accordance with an output of the reflected light sensor 21, both of the positive and reverse fog can be prevented, and therefore, the unnecessary toner deposition onto the photosensitive drum can be prevented with permitting cleaning of the transfer roller 4. In addition, similarly to the foregoing embodiments, the time period during which the photosensitive drum is charged to the opposite polarity, is small, and therefore, the sensitivity deterioration of the photosensitive drum can be prevented. As described in the foregoing, the light image of the original is directed to the photosensitive member both during the image formation and during the non-image-formation, but the latent image which might be formed during the non-image-formation is not developed. Therefore, the necessity for the blank exposure light source or the blank exposure mechanism in the conventional system, has been eliminated. Where the photosensitive member has an OPC photosensitive member, the potential of the photosensitive member during the non-image-formation is made to have a polarity the same as during the image formation by controlling the charger, so that the deterioration of the photosensitive member due to the opposite polarity can be avoided. Particularly, where the transfer means is in the form of an electrode type contactable to the photosensitive member, the transer means may be supplied with a voltage having a polarity which is the opposite to the polarity in the normal image formation. This aspect of the present invention is effective to prevent the deterioration of the photosensitive member due to such a voltage application. Although the foreging description has been made with respect to an image forming apparatus having a reciprocable original carriage, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is applicable to the case wherein the illumination source and/or the reflection mirror or the like is reciprocated instead of the original carriage. The transfer means may be in the form of a conventional corona discharger, an elastic blade or brush to which a voltage application is possible, as well as the electrode roller described in the foregoing. The photosensitive member has been in the form of an OPC photosensitive member chargeable to the negative polarity, but it may be chargeable to the posivive polarity. As described in the foregoing, according to another aspect of the present invention, the surface of the image bearing member is controlled by an image bearing member surface control means so that the surface potential thereof has a predetermined polarity and has a predetermined level, and therefore, the sensitivity deterioration can be minimized even if a toner removing means applies a predetermined voltage to transfer means to transfer the toner from the transfer means to the image bearing member with the tendency of sensitivity deterioration of the image bearing member due to the polarity to which the image bearing member is charged. In addition, the toner deposition preventing means prevents toner deposition onto the image bearing member from other than transfer means, and therefore, the image exposure is effected on the image bearing member, the toner image is not formed. Therefore, there is no need of a particular mechanism for stopping the image exposure during the cleaning operation for the transfer means. Additionally, the unnecessary wasteful consumption of the toner can be avoided. While the invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the scope of the following claims.

Claims: An image forming apparatus comprising a photosensitive member (1) movable along an endless path, charging means (10,60,61) for uniformly charging said photosensitive member (1), exposure means (13,14,16,2) for exposing said photosensitive member (1) charged by said charging means (10,60,61) to light from an original image, developing means (3,51) for developing an electrostatic image on said photosensitive member (1), and transfer means (4), press-contacted to said photosensitive member (1) for transfering a developed image from said photosensitive member (1) onto a transfer material (P), charge control means (E g , E r , E R ) for controlling a charge potential of said photosensitive member (1) by said charging means (10,60,61); developing bias control means (E d ) for controlling a developing bias applied to said developing means (3,51); transfer control means (E t ) for controlling a voltage applied to said transfer means (4); and characterised in that, in use during a non-image-formation period, said charge control means is adapted to change the charge potential of said photosensitive member (1) to a non-image-portion potential of the same polarity as during an image-formation period and of a level lower than the potential during the image formation period, said developing bias control means is adapted to change the developing bias to a level for not developing the non-image-portion potential, and said transfer control means is adapted to apply to said transfer means (4) a voltage having a polarity opposite from a voltage applied during an image transfer operation. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said developing bias control means is adapted to change the developing bias during a non-image-formation period such that it does not develop a potential on said photosensitive member (1) between zero and the non-image-portion potential. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said developing means (3,51) is adapted to develop the electrostatic image with toner charged to the same polarity as said photosensitive member (1) charged by said charging means (10,60,61). An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said exposure means (13,14,16,2) includes an original supporting platen (14) for supporting an original and an illumination source (13) for illuminating an original on said supporting platen (14). An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 4, wherein said transfer means (4) comprises a transfer roller (4) press-contacted to said photosensitive member (1).

Inventors: HOSHIKA NORIHISA, HOSHIKA, NORIHISA, Hoshika, Norihisa, c/o Canon K.K.
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: G03G21, G03G15