Susceptor and microwavable cookie dough

Abstract: A novel microwavable susceptor (1) suitable for baking cookie dough in a microwave oven is disclosed. Specifically, the susceptor comprises an inner region (2) and an outer region (3), the inner region having a pattern of metalized (6) and/or non-metalized (7) portions wherein the intensity of the inner region is about from about 25% to about 75% and the outer region has an intensity arbitrarily set at about 100%. A dough composition having desirable spreadable characteristics useful for baking in a microwave is also disclosed. The susceptor is re-usable.

Description: Susceptors, sometimes referred to as heaters, convert microwave energy into thermal energy and are used to intensify heat at a food surface of an item to be cooked in a microwave. Such susceptors are particularly useful for browning or crisping a food's exterior while providing a hot moist interior. This property alleviates the problem of sogginess and enhances mouth feel for many microwave foods, such as cookies, egg rolls, etc. Conventional susceptors are made by vacuum depositing a thin metal layer onto a substrate. Although a wide variety of substrates are available, the widely used disposable susceptors comprise a thin metal film deposited on a dimensionally stable dielectric substrate such as polyester which may be bound to a paper support for stability as described in U.S. 4,970,360 and U.S. 4,904,836. Microwave heating of foods with susceptors can be problematic because the hot susceptor which is in contact with food can causing burning in spots. This problem has been addressed in the art by patterning the metalized film of the susceptor to predetermine its heat intensity. Patterns, such as checkerboards and concentric circles, can be produced by varying the thickness of the metal film layer as described in U.S. 4,904,836 issued to Turpin, or European Patent application EP 317 203. A similar solution is presented in WO 88/05249., according to which elongated elements form patterns on the surface of a dielectric substrate. Many of the patterned susceptors, however, produce undesirable organoleptic properties, particularly in cookies baked in the microwave oven. Burnt and undercooked surface areas result from patterned susceptors known in the art because expansion and spreading of some cookie dough occurs during microwaving changing the dough's geometry Thus the surface area of the dough increases non-linearly with time exposing the spreading dough to a geometry Thus the surface area of the dough increases non-linearly with time exposing the spreading dough to a surface of the susceptor upon which it bakes. At the same time a portion of the dough remains exposed to the susceptor surface throughout the baking process causing charring in that portion. It is thus an object of the present invention to provide novel patterned susceptors which improve in particular the organoleptic properties of cookie dough within the scope of the invention. It is further an object of the invention to provide a reusable susceptor tray which is more environmentally friendly than the current one use disposable susceptors. The reusable susceptor may also double as a closure for a container in which the cookie dough is packaged. Another object of the invention is to provide a cookie dough composition having uniform spreading characteristics in the short baking time of a microwave oven. The present invention involves a susceptor which is, in particular, suitable for baking a microwavable cookie dough in a microwave oven. The susceptor is used to absorb a portion of a microwave field energy and convert the absorbed portion to thermal heat. The susceptor comprises a film layer of thinly deposited metal on a carrier layer, the metallic layer having an inner region and an outer region. The inner region has a radius of from 0.7 cm. to 5 cm and the deposited metal has an intensity ranging from 25 to 75% of the intensity of the outer region. The intensity of the inner region's increase is constant or may be in a continuous manner from a center point of the inner region to a circumference point of the inner region. The outer region substantially surrounds the inner region and its deposited metal has an intensity arbitrarily set at 100%. The product further comprises a support means attached to one surface of the carrier layer. The support is used for stabilizing and supporting the susceptor and a microwavable cookie dough to be cooked by microwave radiation on the susceptor means. In a preferred embodiment, the inner region of the susceptor means is divided into a plurality of sectors, both metalized and non-metalized in a predetermined pattern. The total number of sectors is preferably from 8 to 60 and most preferably from 50 to 60, with preferably equal numbers of metalized sectors to non-metalized sectors. The intensity of the inner region is preferably 40 to 60% of the intensity of the outer region of the susceptor, and most preferably about 50%. In another preferred embodiment, the inner region of the susceptor is patterned into a plurality of concentric circles substantially encompassing each other and increasing continuously in intensity from 25 to 75% of the intensity of the outer region of the susceptor. The outer region is a circular region substantially encompassing the inner region and having 100% intensity. In a most preferred embodiment, the susceptor means comprises a baking sheet which is placed upon its use between the susceptor's surface and the cookie dough positioned on it. The baking sheet retards the deterioration of the film layer upon repeated exposure to microwave energy fields and provides a re-usable susceptor means for repeated baking. In the drawing the following is illustrated: Figure I is a top view of a preferred embodiment of the susceptor tray having a wheel spoke pattern of non-metalized and metalized sectors. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view through line 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a graphic illustration of the intensities of various susceptors within the scope of the invention in a continuous linear, non-linear and step-wise manner. Figure 4 is a top plan view of a second preferred embodiment of the susceptor tray illustrating concentric circles of continuously intensifying deposited metal. Figure 5 is a top plan view of a third preferred embodiment of the susceptor tray. The present invention pertains in particular to a microwavable composite comprising a susceptor, support means and a microwavable cookie dough. The susceptor has a thinly deposited metal layer forming a film onto a substrate according to any conventional means known in the art. The film layer is divided into an inner region having an intensity of 25 to 75% of an total intensity of the film layer of an outer region which substantially encompasses the inner region. The outer region has an intensity of 100%. In a preferred embodiment the intensity of the inner region is 40 to 60%. More specifically the invention concerns a microwavable composite as defined in claim 11. The regions are formed by patterning the deposited metal of the layer to produce the desired intensity. An important aspect of the invention is that the intensity of the inner region increases from a center point of the inner region to a point on the region's circumference. Various patterns of metal within the inner region produce the desired intensity. A preferred pattern is present in the composite as defined in claim 12. The best composites are obtained, if the cookie dough has the composition as given in claim 14. Intensity means the amount of thermal heat that can be conducted from the metalized film layer of a susceptor to a food item which comes in contact with a film layer. Intensity is determined by several factors including the thickness of the metalized film of the susceptor, the types of metals used either singly, or in combination, to deposit the film layer and the shape and distribution of the metal particles deposited upon the substrate of the susceptor. The present invention pertains to a susceptor made by conventional means having a deposited film layer with a thickness of 30 to 50 nm and having resistivities of the metals in a range from about 10 to about 500 ohms per square. The patterns of the subject invention may be produced by any means known in the art such as varying the thickness of the film layer during deposition or directing deposition to selected portions of the substrate. Moreover, the intensity of the inner region may continuously increase from a center point to a circumference point of the inner region in a range of 25 to 75% intensity of the intensity of the outer region, and preferably is from 40 to 60% intensity. The intensity of the deposited metal of the outer region is arbitrarily set at 100%. Various patterns within the scope of the invention are used to produce the constant or continuously increasing intensities of the inner region necessary to bake a microwavable cookie dough. Cookie dough both expands and spreads during baking. Specifically, when a serving of microwavable cookie dough is placed on a susceptor and baked in the microwave oven, a surface area of the dough increases non-linearly with time. Thus as the geometry of the cookie dough changes with time, some portions of the dough are exposed to different portions of the susceptor while another portion of the dough is continuously exposed to the same portion of the susceptor. This uneven exposure causes charring or undercooking. The invention addresses this problem of baking cookie dough in a microwave oven to provide an evenly browned cookie product with desirable organoleptic properties. As shown in Figure 1, a susceptor 1 has an inner region 2 and an outer region 3. The inner region has a radius of not more than 5 cm and preferably has a radius in a range of 0.7 cm to 5 cm. The intensity I of the inner region 2 is constant and is about 50% of the intensity of the outer region which is arbitrarily set at 100%. The deposited metal film of the inner region 2 is divided into sectors of both metalized sectors 6 and non-metalized sectors 7. Each sector is preferably radially symmetrical to another sector within the inner region 2. The total number of both metalized and non-metalized sectors is preferably in a range of 8 to 60 and the ratio of metalized sectors 6 to non-metalized sector 7 is in a range of 0.25 to 3.0. In a preferred embodiment, the total number of sectors is 40 to 60 and in a most preferred embodiment about 50 sectors, with an equal number of metalized to non-metalized sectors. The intensity I of the inner region is 25 to 75% of the intensity of the outer region, and is preferably from 40 to 60%. The outer region 3 has an intensity of 100%. In a preferred embodiment, the shape and the area of the inner region 2 is substantially the same as the shape and surface area of a portion of cookie dough to be baked on the susceptor. An average cookie dough serving is about 40 g. A preferred shape is spherical for both the inner region and the cookie dough serving. It may be appreciated, however, that any shape of the inner region and the cookie dough portion may be utilized within the scope of the invention. As illustrated in cross-section in Figure 2, the susceptor 1 may be adhered or applied to a support such as corrugated paper board, paper, polyester, etc. as known in the art. In a preferred embodiment the support is a corrugated paper board layer 8. In a most preferred embodiment, the susceptor 1 and paper board 8 are further supported by a tray 10. The tray is preferably of a non-flexible plastic such as polypropylene and shaped to form a closure means for a container in which the microwave cookie dough is packaged. As illustrated in Figure 2, the tray 10 is in the form of a lid as a closure. The susceptor tray is provided with a baking sheet 15 on the surface of the susceptor 1 on which the cookie dough is placed for microwaving. Susceptors have conventionally been singly used and then disposed because the polyester substrates, for example, melt at temperatures of 200 to 250°C. Metalized portions of such susceptors breakdown upon repeated exposure to microwave energy fields. Moreover, some susceptor materials which may come in contact with food surfaces may not be completly inert. Therefore, in a most preferred embodiment, a baking sheet 15 is applied to the surface of the susceptor facing the food item to be microwaved to act as a barrier between the susceptor metalized film and the food item. Such a baking sheet 15 should be made of a material that can withstand up to 260°C, have a thickness thin enough so that heat conductivity is not prevented, be impermeable to liquids, be transparent to microwave radiation and be as inert as possible. Suitable materials for the baking sheet 15 include paper, glass fibers, cotton and woven glass fibers. Such materials are preferably coated with a material such as polytetrafluoro ethylene. A most preferred material is made of woven glass fibers coated with polytetrafluoro ethylene or Teflon(R) known as Chemglass and owned by Chemical Fabrics Corporation of Merrimack, New Hampshire. It is understood that the baking sheet 15 may be made of any suitable material discussed above or known in the art and may be applied to the food surface of any disposable susceptor to prevent its deterioration and prolong the numbers of uses per each susceptor. The baking sheet 15 on the susceptor tray 1 prolongs the number of uses of the tray to 12 to 15 times. It may thus be appreciated that 12 to 15 single serving portions of a food item may be microwaved using a susceptor including a baking sheet 15. Figure 3 graphically illustrates the continuing intensity of the inner region 2 of the novel susceptor going from its center point 4 to its circumference point 5. As illustrated, the intensity increases from I min (0 < I min < 75%) to I max. which is less than or equal to about 100% along the vertical axis. The horizontal axis extends from the center point 4 to the radius of the inner region. The radius is illustrated as ri. The radius of the outer region 3 would be ro. As shown in Figure 3, as the radius of the inner region 2 increases from 0 to Ri centimeters, the intensity I of the inner region increases from I min to I max. This increase may be accomplished in a linear manner, non-linear manner and stepwise manner by a predetermined pattern selection of the inner region 2. Figure 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the inner region 2 extends from the center point 4 to a circumference point 5 of the inner region 2. The inner region 2 has an overall intensity ranging from 25 to 75% along a radius r. The outer region 3 is illustrated as substantially surrounding the inner region 2 and having an intensity of 100%. Figure 5 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention. Specifically, the inner region 2 is divided into a plurality of concentric rings in a direction from the center point 4 to the outer circumference point 5 of the inner region 2. Each increasingly larger concentric ring has a continuously increasing intensity in a direction from the center point 4 to the circumference point 5. For example, ring area 16 has an intensity of I 1 less than ring area 17 having an intensity of I 2 . Ring area 17 has an intensity of I 2 which is less than the intensity I 3 of ring area 18 and ring area 18 has an intensity I 3 which is less than the intensity of ring area 19. The outer area 20 has an intensity I 5 of about 100%. The inner region 2 may be divided into a total number of concentric rings of from 2 to 20 and preferably has a radius r of from 0.7 cm to 5 cm. The overall intensity of the inner region is 25-75% of that of the outer region. It may further be appreciated that each preferred embodiment may be arranged with one or more similar susceptors or different susceptors within the scope of the invention to form a multiple serving susceptor for microwaving two or more cookies at a time. Conventional cookie dough which is unbaked was observed to have undesirable spreading characteristics for microwave ovens. The novel cookie dough composition of the subject application overcomes the undesirable characteristics of prior art cookie doughs so that the microwaved dough is substantially brown on its surface while remaining moist with good organoleptic properties. Additionally, drying out and other undesirable characteristics of prior art microwaved cookies are overcome. The cookie dough composition in combination with the susceptor provides a desirable browning or crisping property to the cookie while avoiding undue spreading, charring or undercooked areas. Specifically, the cookie dough composition of the invention contains 20 to 34% flour, 2 to 16% of a browning agent, 10 to 40% sugar, 5 to 22% of a humectant, 10 to 30% shortening, preferably with emulsifiers, 2 to 10% of an egg component, 0.2 to 1% of a leavening agent, 0.2 to 1% salt, 0.2 to 1% hydrocolloids, 1 to 5% milk component, preferably non-fat dry milk, and 2 to 12% added fiber. Optional ingredients include flavorings, such as chocolate chips, vanilla, etc. as known in the art. The cookie dough may be prepared by any of the number of preparation methods known in the art. A preferred method includes combining the sugar, shortening and humectant in a bowl to form a mixture. Eggs are then added to the mixture. In a separate container, a premix of hydrocolloid, salt, leavening agent, added fiber and non-fat dry milk is prepared. The premix is added to the mixture and stirred. Flour and water are then added to the stirred mixture and any flavorings are added. Stirring is then completed. Browning agents used in the composition include cocoa powder, dark sugar, molasses, syrup, caramel coloring, chocolate chips, coffee, natural pigments and emulsions such as those described in Fellenz, D.C. et al., Food Technology, page 111 (June, 1991). Preferred browning agents include cocoa powder, dark sugar and chocolate chips. The browning agent in the cookie composition compliments the browning of the dough surface using a susceptor according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, whole wheat flour is used rather than white flour to incorporate fiber in the dough. In the novel cookie composition added fiber is also a part of the composition. Added fiber is defined as fiber added in an isolated form in excess of fiber brought into the cookie dough by the whole wheat flour and is in a range of 2 to 12% of the cookie's composition. Examples of fibers within the scope of the invention include pea, oat, sugar beet, soya fiber, or any other fiber known in the art. The preferred fiber for the cookie dough is pea. Humectants of the cookie dough are selected to provide the correct balance of moisture in the dough upon baking in the microwave. Humectants used within the invention include fructose, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, glycerol and polydextrose. Certain shortenings may also contribute to a moisture balance of the baked cookie. In a preferred embodiment, shortening in a solid or semi-solid form is used. Additionally, emulsifiers added to the shortening improve the spreadability qualities of the cookie. Such emulsifiers include, propylene glycol mono- and diesters, diacetyl tartaric acid, and esters of mono- and di-glycerides. A commercially available example of a propylene glycol mono ester within the scope of the invention is Durpro(R) owned by Van den Bergh Foods Company of Lisle, Ill. Panodan 15 (R) is an example of a diacetyl tartaric acid mono- and diesters useful within the scope of the invention and owned by Grinsted Products, Inc. of Industrial Airport Park, Kansas. The leavening agents used in the,preferred dough embodiments are chemical and include sodium hydrogencarbonate and sodium aluminum phosphate, as well as any other conventionally known chemical leavening ingredients. Preferred hydrocolloids used within the embodiments are chemical and include sodium hydrogencarbonate and sodium aluminum phosphate, as well as any other conventionally known chemical leavening ingredients. Preferred hydrocolloids used within the invention include xanthan, locust bean gum, guar, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carragenan, or mixtures thereof. The preferred hydrocolloid is a mixture of xanthan, locust bean gum and guar known as Kelco GFS(R) owned by Kelco, Inc. of San Diego, California. As is known in the art, whole eggs have hydrocolloid properties. Additionally, the water may be added to the dough. The cookie dough is preferably prepared and packaged so that a consumer may obtain a single 40 +/- g size serving of dough to be placed on the inventive susceptor for baking. Such forms may be tub shaped with a scoop provided or in a cylindrical shape with pre-cut cookie servings. The following examples illustrate the invention more fully. It is understood that this invention is not limited to the examples provided. Example I A conventional cookie dough recipe, consisting of whole wheat flour, sugar, margarine, water and baking soda of the following formula was prepared. Ingredients Percentage of Composition Sugar 24.58 Margarine 27.30 Whole Wheat Flour 46.42 Baking Powder 0.33 Water 1.37 The sugar, margarine and baking soda were combined in a bowl and mixed for 2-3 minutes. The flour and water were then added and stirred for 3-4 more minutes. Conventional baking of the cookie dough was done at 190°C for 15 minutes in a conventional oven by placing a scoop of dough of a size of about 40 g. on an aluminum baking sheet. In comparison, a similar sized scoop was placed on a microwavable dish and microwaved in a GE(R) Jet 342-001 microwave oven for 25 seconds. Cookies baked from the foregoing formula in the conventional oven had good organoleptic qualities, were moist and uniformly brown. However, the same cookie dough when baked in the microwave oven resulted in cookies which were hard in texture and lacked the characteristic browning or crisping of baked cookies. Cooking times were adjusted in the microwave oven up to two minutes. However, charring areas and undercooked spots resulted in the microwaved cookies and the desirable brown color of baked cookies was not achieved. It is noted that the cookies were microwaved on a standard dish rather than a susceptor. Example 2 Cookie dough of the following formula was prepared. Ingredients Percentage of Composition Whole Wheat Flour 29.86 Soda 0.44 Salt 0.36 margarine 21.01 White Sugar 14.60 Brown Sugar 14.93 Chocolate Chips 18.80 The cookie dough was prepared as discussed in Example 1 with the chocolate chips added last to the mixture and mixed for 2-3 minutes. The cookie dough was baked on three types of commercially available susceptors obtained from Waldorf, Corp. of Chicago, Illinois. The metal film layer of the 3 susceptors was composed of 17.5 point SUS/metal PET. The three susceptors differed in the support means, namely, one included a flute corrugated lamination applied to the film layer, a second susceptor contained metalized PET on the fluted side and a third type of susceptor contained holes in the laminated material. Cookies were baked on the three types of susceptors for about 1 minute each. It was observed that cookies baked on any of the three susceptors were hard, dry and charred in various places. Example 3 A cookie dough of the following formula was prepared. Ingredient Percentage of Composition All Purpose Flour 24.70 Dark Brown Sugar 7.50 White Sugar 12.50 High Fructose Corn Syrup 6.90 Shortening with emulsifiers 16.00 Whole Eggs 5.00 Baking Soda 0.25 Salt 0.25 Non-fat dry milk 2.10 Kelco (R) Gum 0.30 Flavor 0.40 Chocolate Chip 19.60 Water 4.50 Cocoa Powder 0.01 The cookie dough was prepared by mixing the white sugar, shortening and high fructose corn syrup in a bowl for 3 to 5 minutes to form a mixture. The eggs were then added to the mixture. In a separate container, a premix of the gum, salt, baking soda, non-fat dry milk, flavor and cocoa powder was prepared. The premixture was added to the mixture and stirred for 3 to 5 minutes. The flour and water were then added to the bowl and mixed for an additional 3 to 5 minutes. Chocolates chips were added last and mixed for an additional 1 to 2 minutes. A scoop of about 40 g of the dough was placed on a susceptor according to the invention and baked in a GE(R) Jet 342-001 microwave oven for 1 minute and 30 seconds. It was observed that the resulting baked cookies had good organoleptic qualities (good taste and mouth feel) but excessive spreading of the cookie dough was observed. Example 4 The following formula was prepared. Ingredient Percentage of composition Whole Wheat Flour 24.30 Dark Brown Sugar 7.50 White Sugar 12.00 High Fructose Corn Syrup 7.00 Shortening with Emulsifiers 15.00 Whole Eggs 5.00 Baking Soda 0.25 Salt 0.25 Non-fat Dry Milk 2.00 Kelco (R) Gum 0.30 Pea Fiber 2.50 Flavor 0.40 Chocolate Chips 19.00 Water 4.50 Cocoa Powder 0.01 The foregoing cookie dough was prepared as described in Example 3 except the pea fiber was added to the premix. The cookie dough was divided into 40 g scoops and baked on a susceptor according to the invention for one minute and 30 seconds in a GE (R) jet 342-001 microwave oven as described in Example 3. Good organoleptic properties, uniform browning and crisping and consumer acceptable moist cookies were obtained. Example 5 A cookie dough similar to the dough of Example 4 was prepared for a sugar cookie as follows: Ingredient Percentage of Composition Whole Wheat Flour 30.75 White Sugar 24.70 High Fructose Corn Syrup 8.90 Shortening with Emulsifiers 19.00 Whole Eggs 6.33 Baking Soda 0.32 Salt 0.32 Non-fat Dry Milk 2.50 Kelco (R) Gum 0.38 Pea Fiber 3.15 Flavor 0.50 Water 3.15 A cookie dough was prepared as described in Example 3 without the additions of dark brown sugar, chocolate chips and cocoa powder. The cookies were baked in a microwave oven on a susceptor according to the invention for one minute and 20 seconds to obtain moist uniformly brown cookies of desirable organoleptic properties.

Claims: Susceptor comprising a film layer of thinly deposited metal on the surface of a carrier-layer, which metallic film layer has an inner region and an outer region, the inner region having a radius ranging from 0.7-5.0 cm, while the intensity of the deposited metal ranges from 25-75% of the intensity of the outer region and the outer region encompasses the inner region, and wherein intensity means the amount of thermal heat that can be conducted from the metalized film layer to a food item in contact with the film layer. Susceptor, according to claim 1, wherein the susceptor comprises a support means attached to one surface of the carrier layer. Susceptor, according to claim 1, wherein the inner region is subdivided in a plurality of sectors, both metalized and non-metalized in a pre-determined pattern. Susceptor, according to claim 3, wherein the number of sectors is 8-60. Susceptor, according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of metalized and non-metalized sectors ranges from 0.25-3.0. Susceptor, according to claim 1, wherein the intensity of the inner region is 40-60% of the intensity of the outer region. Susceptor, according to claim 3, wherein the pattern consists of a number of concentric circles with increasing metal intensity from 25 to 75% of the intensity of the outer region. Susceptor, according to claim 7, wherein the outer region is circular and encompasses the inner region. Susceptor, according to claim 1, wherein the carrier-layer consists of a material selected from the group, consisting of corrugated paper-board, paper or polyester. Susceptor composite, consisting of a susceptor, according to claim 1 and a baking sheet. A microwavable composite of a susceptor and a cookie dough comprising: a) the susceptor according to claims 1-10 b) support means adjacent to the non-metalized surface of the susceptor c) a microwavable cookie dough, with a surface corresponding in shape and size to the inner region of the film layer of the susceptor. The composite according to claim 11 wherein the inner region has a plurality of metalized and non-metalized sectors, each sector being radially symmetrical to another sector and arranged so that a metalized sector is adjacent to a non-metalized sector in the inner region. The composite according to claim 11 wherein the inner region of the film layer comprises a plurality of concentric areas, each concentric area encompassing another of the concentric area, in a direction from the center point to the circumference point of the inner region. The composite according to claim 11 wherein the cookie dough comprises a humectant, a hydrocolloid, a fiber, a browning agent and an emulsifier in excess of 0.1% of the total composition. The composite according to claim 14 wherein the browning agent is dark brown sugar or cocoa powder. The composite according to claim 14 wherein the humectant is selected from the group consisting of high fructose corn syrup, glycerol and polydextrose. The composite according to claim 14 wherein the added fiber is pea fiber, oat fiber, sugar beet and soya fiber. The composite according to claim 14 wherein the hydrocolloid is a gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan, locust bean gum, guar, carrageenan and mixtures thereof. The composite according to claim 11 wherein the susceptor composite according to claim 10 is present from which the baking sheet is positioned between the first surface of the susceptor means and the cookie dough. The composite according to claim 19 wherein the baking sheet means is made of woven glass fibers coated with a tetrafluoroethylene polymer. The composite according to claim 11 wherein the support means is formed in a shape of a closure means for closing a package containing the cookie dough.

Inventors: BODOR JANOS, DESAI GIRISH, NEMATOLLAHI MORTEZA, REDDY RAVINDER, BODOR, JANOS, DESAI, GIRISH, NEMATOLLAHI, MORTEZA, REDDY, RAVINDER, BODOR, JANOS, UNILEVER RESEARCH LABORATORY
Applicants: UNILEVER NV, UNILEVER PLC, UNILEVER N.V.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B65D81
IPC codes: A21D13, B65D81, A47J27, A21D8, A21D10, H05B6