Image processing apparatus

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises an input means for inputting a digital input signal expressing a gradation, a first timing signal generation means for generating a predetermined first timing signal, a first delay means for delaying the first timing signal in accordance with the gradation expressed by the digital input signal, and a pulse width modulation signal generation means for generating a pulse width generation signal having a pulse width in accordance with the gradation of the digital input signal, based upon the signal delayed by the first delay means. With this image processing apparatus, an intermediate gradation can be expressed by controlling an ON/OFF time of a laser beam without the need for offset and gain adjustments which are a characteristic of an analog circuit. The PWM circuit comprises a mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of a digital input image signal and a mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, and more specifically, to an image processing apparatus capable of reproducing an excellent intermediate gradation. Related Background Art Conventionally, since an image formation apparatus such as a laser beam printer and the like is difficult to express a gradating image, a method of reproducing a pseudo-intermediate-gradation referred to as an area gradation has been used. This intermediate gradation reproduction method includes: (1) a method of reproducing an intermediate gradation referred to as a so-called pulse width modulation (PWM) system, wherein, typically, digital input image data is subjected to a D/A conversion and thus D/A converted analog signal is compared with a reference triangular wave signal to thereby perform an ON/OFF control of a laser beam, as disclosed in US-A-4,800,422; and (2) a method of effecting a binary coding processing referred to as a dither method, density pattern technique and the like, wherein when a printer has a sufficiently high record resolution by itself, digital input image data is subjected to a binary coding processing with a clock having a frequency higher than that of a pixel clock of the input image data to thereby reproduce an intermediate gradation, and other methods. Nevertheless, the above pulse width modulation method is disadvantageous in that an offset of the reference triangular signal and a gain of a D/A converter must be adjusted and this adjustment is time-consuming. The above dither method and density pattern technique are also disadvantageous in that when the number of gradations is to be increased, the quality of an image is greatly degraded unless the printer has an increased record resolution. Consequently, although a clock frequency used for the binary coding processing must be increased with an increased circuit cost, the number of the gradations cannot be increased too much because an operating speed of devices is limited. In addition, the number of lines capable of being produced (resolution) must be reduced in order to realize a high gradation while restricting a circuit cost and operating speed. Further, the US-A-4,926,248 discloses a method of expressing a gradating image by generating a PWM signal through a digital processing. In this method, however, a problem arises in that a cost is increased by the use of an expensive circuit element because a high frequency clock is required to generate a triangular wave changing stepwise and a countermeasure for unnecessary radiation is needed. Furthermore, although the US-A-4,370,667 discloses a technology relating to the generation of a PWM signal, this technology has the same problem as that of US-A-4,926,248. Document US-A-4 384 297 discloses an image processing apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein an ON/OFF timing of a laser is controlled by supplying a predetermined number of high frequency pulses thereto. The number of pulses is controlled by a gating means to which a pulse width modulated signal is applied. The pulse width modulated signal is generated by a flip flop on the basis of an output of respective comparators comparing predetermined pulse numbers with an actual count value of a counter, counting the supplied high frequency pulses. The predetermined pulse numbers are generated by a digital value collation circuit in accordance with the level of the digital input signal. Thus, the above pulse width modulation method also suffers from the above problem of a required high frequency clock and corresponding high operation speed. In addition thereto, the US-A-4 951 159 describes a pulse width modulation method according to which the number of bits requiring processing in the input multiple bit image signal is reduced by simulating one of the least significant bits as a delay applied to modulate the output signal of a pulse width modulator. Nevertheless, the pulse width modulation is also of a digital type using a counter and therefore also requires a high clock rate. Finally, the EP-A-0 216 536 discloses an image processing apparatus comprising a selection means for selecting a mode in which a smoothing circuit is used. The gradation levels of the pulse width signal are also generated on the basis of a high frequency master clock used for counting purposes. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image processing apparatus capable of expressing high gradations at a reduced operating speed. This object is achieved by an image processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1. Accordingly, since the pulse width is generated on the basis of an intermediate timing signal which is subsequently delayed on the basis of the desired gradation, a counter is not required for counting the gradation values within a time period corresponding to one pixel. Thus, intermediate gradations can be expressed without substantially increasing the operating speed of the image processing apparatus. Other objects, advantages and effects of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description, claims and attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram showing the schematic arrangement of an image processing apparatus of an embodiment; Figure 2 is a timing chart showing an example of timings at which image data is transmitted between a host computer and an image formation apparatus. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the schematic arrangement of a first embodiment of an image formation timing control block; Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of an average circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the image formation timing control block shown in Figure 3 in a mode in which a single digital input image signal corresponds to one dot; Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of timings of an image formation timing signal in correspondence with an input data value in a mode in which a single digital input image signal corresponds to one dot; Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a γ conversion in a mode in which a single digital input image signal corresponds to one dot; Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the image formation timing control block shown in Figure 3 in a mode in which a plurality of digital input image signals correspond to one dot; Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of timings of an image formation timing signal in correspondence with an input data value in a mode in which a plurality of digital input image signals correspond to one dot; Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of a γ conversion in a mode in which a plurality of digital input image signals correspond to one dot; Figure 11 is a diagram showing the schematic arrangement of a second embodiment of an image formation timing control block; Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the image formation timing control block shown in Figure 11 in a mode in which a single digital input image signal corresponds to one dot; and Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of the operation of the image formation timing control block shown in Figure 11 in a mode in which a plurality of digital input image signals correspond to one dot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the attached drawings. <Description of Schematic Arrangement of Image Formation Apparatus> Figure 1 is a diagram showing the schematic arrangement of an embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 1, 101 designates a host computer for controlling an image formation apparatus 102. The host computer 101 stores digital image data read from, for example, an image scanner (not shown) in a memory (not shown) accommodated therein and transmits the image data to the image formation apparatus 102 after it has been subjected to image processings such as a window processing, movement processing and the like. Designated at 103 is an image memory control block for storing once the digital image data transmitted from the host computer 101. This image memory control block is arranged as, for example, a double line buffer and outputs the digital image data transmitted from the host computer 101 to the image formation apparatus 102 in synchronism with an image formation timing. Figure 2 is a timing chart showing an example of timings at which an image is transmitted between the host computer 101 and the image formation apparatus 102. In Figures 1 and 2, VCLK designates an image transmission clock for transmitting the image data from the host computer 101 to the image formation apparatus 102; LSYNC designates a sub-scanning synchronization signal of the image formation apparatus 102; VE designates a vertical image effective signal indicating the effective area of an image contained in a page; HE designates a horizontal image effective signal indicating the image effective area for a single main scan, 120 designates a communication line through which a command is transmitted from the host computer 101 to the image formation apparatus 102 and a status signal from the image formation apparatus 102 to the host computer 101; 104 designates a communication control block for communicating with the host computer 101 through the communication line 120; and 130 designates an image data transmission line. In Figure 1, 105 designates a CPU for executing a series of control sequences of the image formation apparatus 102; 106 designates a ROM storing a program for executing the above control sequence; and 107 designates a RAM for a job necessary for executing the above control sequences. Also in Figure 1, 108 designates an image formation timing control block to be described later in detail; 109 designates an image formation block for controlling a laser beam source, a laser driver, a photoconductive drum, transfer drum and the like used in an electrophotographic process; 110 designates a main scanning control block for controlling a polygon scanner for a laser scanning and for generating a BD (beam detecting) signal indicating the start of each main scanning; 111 designates a sub-scanning control block for controlling the feed of a recording paper and the rotation of the photoconductive drum, the transfer drum and the like; 112 designates a sequence timing signal generation circuit for generating a timing signal for a series of the control sequence of the image formation apparatus 102; 140 designates a data bus, 150 designates an address bus; and 160 designates a timing signal line. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the image formation timing control block 108 of the image formation apparatus 102. In Figure 3, 301 designates a latch circuit for latching digital image data (Video 0) transmitted from the image memory control block 103 (an output from the latch circuit 301 is designated as Video 1); 302 designates an average circuit for determining an average of the gradations of a plurality of pixels of a digital input image signal when a mode is selected in which a plurality of the pixels of the digital input image signal correspond to one dot and at this time an example of the arrangement of this average circuit is shown in Figure 4 (an output from the average circuit is designated as Video 2); 303 designates a multiplexer (MPX) for switching the selection of the Video 1 and the selection of the Video 2 depending upon whether a mode for forming one dot in correspondence with a pixel of the digital input image signal is selected or a mode for forming one dot in correspondence with a plurality of the pixels of the digital input image signal is selected; 305 designates a RAM storing a table for effecting a γ conversion so that the input image data is matched with the output characteristics of a printer; 304 designates a multiplexer (MPX) for switching address information supplied to the RAM 305 depending upon whether a case in which the CPU 105 sets the γ conversion data to the γ conversion table of the RAM 305 prior to the formation of an image is selected or a case in which the γ conversion data is selected in accordance with a value of the Video 1 (or the Video 2) signal when the image is formed; 307 designates a buffer circuit for electrically connecting or disconnecting the data bus 140 of the CPU 105 to and from the I/O bus of the RAM 305; and 306 designates a latch circuit for latching data output from the γ conversion RAM 305 (an output from the latch circuit 306 is designated as Video 3). Also in Figure 3, 308 designates an image formation timing signal generation circuit for dividing one dot formation interval formed by one dot into a plurality of blocks in accordance with a density based upon the value of the above Video 3 on receipt of the Video 3 and for generating a timing signal for forming an image; 309 designates a delay value calculation circuit for calculating a time delay value in correspondence with the Video 3 from a pixel division timing signal produced from the above image formation timing signal generation circuit 308; and 310 designates a level conversion circuit for converting a TTL level electric signal output from the above image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 to an ECL level electric signal. Designated at 311 and 312 are delay generation circuits each for receiving a start trigger signal S-TRG and an end trigger signal E-TRG output from the level conversion circuit 310 and for generating pulse signals S-CLK and E-CLK after a predetermined time set by the delay value calculation circuit 309 has elapsed. A digital programmable generator (e.g., AD9500) can be preferably used as these delay generation circuits. Designated at 313 is a flip-flop for generating a signal having a predetermined period of time on receipt of the above signals S-TRG, E-TRG, S-CLK, and E-CLK (the signals S-CLK and E-CLK are wired OR connected) and designated at 314 is a level conversion circuit for converting an ECL level output from the flip-flop 313 to a TTL level signal. Also, designated at 315 is a timing generation circuit for generating an operation timing signal for the image formation timing control block 108 as a whole. The operation of the image formation timing control block 108 will be described below with reference to Figures 5 to 10 with respect to a case in which one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of the digital input image signal and a case in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of the pixels of the digital input image signal. First, the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 will be described when one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of the digital input image signal, with reference to Figures 5 to 7. Figure 5 is an operation timing chart showing an example of the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 when one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of the digital input image signal, Figure 6 is a timing chart showing an example of output timings of the S-TRG and E-TRG signals obtained by level converting a signal output from the image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 in correspondence with the digital input image, and Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the γ conversion. In Figure 7, the abscissa x shows digital input image data (Video 1 shown in Figures 3 and 5) and the ordinate y shows digital image data having been γ converted (Video 3 shown in Figures 3 and 5), wherein the Video 3 is γ converted by the RAM 305 shown in Figure 3 so that it has a value 0 - Ay, Ay - By, By - Cy, or Cy - Dy, respectively, as the Video 1 has a value 0 - Ax, Ax - Bx, Bx - Cx, or Cx - Dx. Note, as described above, the CPU 105 can set the content of the RAM 305 and thus the γ conversion table can be easily changed. In Figure 6,  designates a clock signal for forming one dot and 8 designates a clock signal for dividing one dot into equally divided eight blocks about a pixel center [a] in the present embodiment and has a frequency obtained by multiplying the clock signal  by 8. Further, the items (a), (b), (c) and (d) show an example of output timings of the S-TRG and E-TRG signals after the signal output from the image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 has been level converted, wherein: (a) where the Video signal 3 is 0 - Ay; (b) where the Video signal 3 is Ay - By; (c) where the Video signal 3 is By - Cy; and (d) where the Video signal 3 is Cy - Dy. Next, an image forming operation will be described referring mainly to Figure 5. A digital image data Video supplied from the image memory control block 103 is latched by the latch circuit 301 at a leading edge of the clock signal  and the Video 1 is urged as an address to be input to the RAM 305. At this time, the multiplexer 303 selects an output from the latch circuit 301 and the multiplexer 304 selects an output from the multiplexer 303. On receiving the Video 1, the RAM 305 outputs γ converted data which is latched by the latch circuit 306 at a leading edge of the clock signal  (Video 3). The image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 fetches the Video 3 at a leading edge of a V-LATCH and generates the S-TRG and E-TRG signals at any one of the timings of (a), (b), (c) and (d) shown in Figure 6 in accordance with a value of the Video 3 [Figure 5 shows an example of (b)]. Further, the delay value calculation circuit 309 fetches the Video 3 at a leading edge of the V-LATCH and calculates respective time delay values S-DATA, E-DATA delayed from the S-TRG and E-TRG signals generated by the image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 (in the example of Figure 5, these values are t1 and t2), and values corresponding to t1 and t2, i.e., S-DATA and E-DATA are fetched to the delay generation circuits 311 and 312 in response to the S-LATCH and E-LATCH signals output from the image formation timing generation circuit 308. Note that the S-LATCH, E-LATCH, S-DATA and E-DATA are TTL level signals and the S-TRG and E-TRG signals are ECL level signals. The delay calculation circuit 309 is composed, for example, of a RAM and a time delay value is obtained by a table conversion processing in the same way as that of the RAM 305. The time delay value, however, may be set by the CPU 105 or may be set in such a manner that the above table conversion processing function is provided with the RAM 305, a value corresponding to any one of the t1 and t2 is output from the RAM 305 by making use of the fact that t1 + t2 = t (a time of a divided single block) and supplied to the delay value calculation circuit 309 to thereby calculate the other of these values. Thereafter, the delay generation circuits 311 and 312 trigger the S-TRG and E-TRG signals, respectively and generate pulse signals S-CLK and E-CLK at the time at which they count the times t1 and t2. On receiving the respective S-TRG, E-TRG, S-CLK and E-CLK signals, the flip-flop 313 generates a signal LON having a period of time tw in Figure 5 (a density signal corresponding to the point P in Figure 7). The LON signal is subjected to an ECL to TTL level conversion (LON signal) and then drives a laser driver (not shown) to thereby control the density of an image formed while the laser driver is driven. Next, the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 will be described when one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of a digital input image signal. Figure 8 is an example of an operation timing chart showing an example of the image formation timing control block 108 when one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal, Figure 9 is a chart showing an example of output timings of the S-TRG and E-TRG signals obtained by level converting the signals, which are output from the image formation timing generation circuit 308 in correspondence with the digital input image signal, by the level conversion circuit 310, and Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of a γ conversion. In Figure 10, the abscissa x shows input image data (the Video 2 shown in Figures 3 and 8) and the ordinate y shows digital input data having been subjected to a γ conversion (the Video 3 shown in Figure 3 and 8), and the γ conversion is carried out by the RAM 305 shown in Figure 3 so that the Video 3 has a vlaue 0 - ay, ay - by, by - cy, cy - dy, dy - ey, ey - fy, fy - gy, or gy - hy as the Video 2 has a value 0 - ax, ax - bx, bx - cx, cx - dx, dx - ex, ex - fx, fx - gx, or gx - hx. In Figure 9, a clock signal /2 shows a clock signal for forming one dot and 8 shows a clock signal for dividing one dot to 16 equally divided blocks about the pixel center [a] in the present embodiment and has a frequency obtained by multiplying the clock signal /2 by 16. Further, the items (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) show an example of output timings of the S-TRG and E-TRG signals after the signal output from the image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 has been level converted, wherein: (a) where the Video signal 3 is 0 - ay; (b) where the Video signal 3 is ay - by; (c) where the Video signal 3 is by - cy; (d) where the Video signal 3 is cy - dy; (e) where the Video signal 3 is dy - ey; (f) where the Video signal 3 is ey - fy; (g) where the Video signal 3 is fy - gy; and (h) where the Video signal 3 is gy - hy. Next, an image forming operation will be described referring mainly to Figure 8. The digital image data Video supplied from the image memory control block 103 is latched by the latch circuit 301 at a leading edge of the clock signal  and the Video 1 is urged as an input to the average circuit 302. In the present embodiment, the urged Video 1 is alternately latched by latch circuits 401 and 402 at a leading edge of the clock signal  and a Video 4 is supplied from the latch circuit 401 to an adder 403 and a Video 5 is supplied from the latch circuit 402 to the adder 403. A Video 6 output from the adder 403 is input to a divider 404, an output from the divider 404 becomes an output Video 2 from the average circuit 302 and urged as an address to be input to the RAM 305. At this time, the multiplexer 303 selects an output from the average circuit 302 and the multiplexer 304 selects an output from the multiplexer 303. On receiving the above Video 2, the RAM 305 outputs a γ converted data and the γ converted output data is latched by the latch circuit 306 at a leading edge of the clock signal /2 (Video 3). The image formation timing signal generation circuit 308 fetches the Video 3 at a leading edge of the V-LATCH and generates the S-TRG and E-TRG signals at any one of the timings of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) shown in Figure 9 in accordance with a value of the Video 3 [Figure 8 shows an example of (f)]. Further, the process for driving a laser driver (not shown) by the delay value calculation circuit 309 via the delay generation circuits 311 and 312 and flip-flop 313 is similar to the case in which one pixel is formed by a single digital input image signal. <Another Example of Arrangement of Image Formation Timing Control Block> Figure 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of another example of the image formation timing control block 108 of the image formation apparatus 102. In Figure 11, components 301' to 307' have the same functions as those of the components 301 to 307 in the aforesaid arrangement example, wherein 301' designates a latch circuit for latching digital image data (Video) transmitted from the image memory control block 103 (an output from the latch circuit 301' is designated as Video 1); 302' designates an average circuit for averaging a plurality of digital input image signals when a mode in which a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal correspond to one dot (an output from the average circuit 302' is designated as Video 2), the average circuit being arranged, for example, as shown in Figure 4; 303' designates a multiplexer (MPX) for switching the selection of the Video 1 and the selection of the Video 2 depending on a selected mode; 305' designates a multiplexer (MPX) for switching an address information to be supplied to the RAM 305' depending upon, for example, a case in which the CPU 105 sets the γ conversion data shown in Figures 7 and 10 to the RAM 305' prior to the formation of an image and a case in which the γ conversion data is selected in accordance with a value of the Video 1 (or the Video 2) when the image is formed; 307' designates a buffer circuit for electrically connecting or disconnecting the data bus 140 of the CPU 105 to and from the I/O bus of the RAM 305'; and 306' designates a latch circuit for latching data output from the γ conversion RAM 305' when the image is formed (an output from the latch circuit 306' is designated as Video 3). Also in Figure 11, 308' designates a delay value calculation circuit for calculating a time delay value in accordance with a density to be reproduced until a start trigger S-TRG signal indicating the start of one dot formation interval is generated, based upon a value of the Video 3 received thereby; 309' designates a delay generation circuit which receives an output from the delay value calculation circuit 308', provides a time delay from the TRG signal in accordance with a predetermined density and generates an S-TRG signal in response to an output from the delay value calculation circuit; 310' designates a level conversion circuit for converting a TTL level signal to an ECL level signal; 311' designates a trigger signal selection circuit for receiving the S-TRG signal and selecting a delay generation circuit 313' or a delay generation circuit 314' to be supplied with a trigger signal; 312' designates a delay value calculation circuit for calculating a time delay value in correspondence with a density to be reproduced from the above S-TRG signal to a CLK-A or CLK-B signal indicating the end of an image formation; 313' and 314' designate the delay generation circuits for receiving an output from the delay value calculation circuit, providing a time delay in accordance with a predetermined density from the S-TRG signal and generating the CLK-A or CLK-B signal, respectively; 315' designates a flip-flop for generating a pixel signal having a pulse width in accordance with a predetermined density on receipt of the above S-TRG, CLK-A and CLK-B signals, and 316' designates a level conversion circuit for converting an ECL level signal to a TTL level signal. Further, designated at 317' is a timing generation circuit for generating an operation timing of the image formation timing control block 108. Next, the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 will be described below with reference to Figures 12 and 13 with respect to a mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of a digital input image signal and a mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal. First, the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 will be described when one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of the digital input image signal. Figure 12 is an example of an operation timing chart showing an example of the image formation timing control block 108 in the mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a single digital input image signal. Digital image data Video output from the image memory control block 103 is latched by the latch circuit 301' at a leading edge of the clock signal  for forming one dot and Video 1 is urged as an address to be input to the RAM 305' (at this time, the multiplexer 303' selects an output from the latch circuit 301' and the multiplexer 304' selects an output from the multiplexer 303'). The RAM 305' outputs γ converted data on receipt of the Video 1 and the γ converted output data is latched by the latch circuit 306' at a leading edge of the clock signal  (Video 3). The delay value calculation circuit 308' calculates a delay time value corresponding to t1 (or t3) in Figure 12 on receipt of the Video 3 and supplies same to the delay generation circuit 309'. The delay generation circuit 309' latches a signal output from the delay value calculation circuit 308' in response to a LATCH signal in Figure 12 and thereafter generates an S-TRG signal on receipt of a TRG signal in synchronism with the clock signal  for forming one dot, after the time delay t1 (or t3) in Figure 12. The LATCH signal and the output from the delay generation circuit 309' may be TTL level signals. Further, the delay value calculation circuit 312' calculates a delay time value corresponding to t2 (or t4) in Figure 12 on receipt of the Video 3 and supplies same to the delay generation circuits 313' and 314'. The delay generation circuit 313' latches a signal (a value corresponding to t2) output from the delay value calculation circuit 312' at the timing of the LATCH-A signal shown in Figure 12, and the delay generation circuit 314' latches a signal (a value corresponding to t4) output from the delay value calculation circuit 312' at the timing of the LATCH-B signal shown in Figure 12. The LATCH-A signal, LATCH-B signal and the signal output from the delay value calculation circuit 312' may be TTL level signals. More specifically, an S-TRG signal is alternately supplied to the delay generation circuits 313' and 314' every other dot from the TRG signal selection circuit 311' in response to a T-SEL signal in synchronism with the TRG signal, and the delay generation circuits 313' and 314' generates the CLK-A and CLK-B signals, respectively, after the predetermined delay time t1 and t3 have elapsed from the S-TRG signal. As shown in Figure 12, the flip-flop 315' generates a signal LON' having a predetermined pulse width (tw1 or tw2) in accordance with a predetermined density on receipt of the S-TRG, CLK-A and CLK-B signals, and the signal LON' is subjected to an ECL to TTL level conversion by the level conversion circuit 316' (LON' signal) so that the density of an image to be formed while a laser driver (not shown) is driven is controlled. Next, there will be described the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 in the mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal. Figure 13 is an example of an operation timing chart showing an example of the operation of the image formation timing control block 108 in the mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal. Digital image data Video supplied from the image memory control block 103 is latched by the latch circuit 301' at a leading edge of the clock signal  and the Video 1 is urged as an input to the average circuit 302'. When it is assumed that the average circuit is arranged, for example, as shown in Figure 4 in the present embodiment, the urged Video 1 is alternately latched by the latch circuits 401 and 402 at a leading edge of the clock signal  and a Video 4 is urged from the latch circuit 401 as an input to the adder 403 and a Video 5 is urged from the latch circuit 402 as an input to the adder 403. An output Video 6 from the adder is input to a divider and the Video 2 output from the average circuit is urged as an address to be input to the RAM 305'. At this time, the multiplexer 303' selects an output from the average circuit 302' and the multiplexer 304' selects an output from the multiplexer 303'. The RAM 305' outputs γ converted data on receipt of the Video 2 and the γ converted output data is latched by the latch circuit 306' at a leading edge of the clock signal  (Video 3). On receiving the Video 3, the delay value calculation circuit 308' calculates a delay time value corresponding to t1 in Figure 13 and supplies same to the delay generation circuit 309'. The delay generation circuit 309' receives a TRG signal from the delay value calculation circuit 308' in response to the latch signal in Figure 13 and generates an S-TRG signal after a time delay t1' in Figure 13. The LATCH signal and the output from the delay generation circuit 309' may be TTL level signals. Further, on receiving the Video 3, the delay value calculation circuit 312' calculates a delay time value corresponding to t2' in Figure 13 and supplies same to the delay generation circuits 313' and 314'. The delay generation circuit 313' latches a signal output from the delay value calculation circuit 312' (a value corresponding to t2') at the timing of the LATCH-A signal in Figure 13, and the delay generation circuit 314' latches a signal (not shown in the figure) output from the delay value calculation circuit 312' at the timing of the LATCH-B in Figure 13. The LATCH-A signal, LATCH-B signal and the signal output from the delay value calculation circuit 312' may be TTL level signals. More specifically, an S-TRG signal is alternately supplied to the delay generation circuits 313' and 314' every other dot by the TRG signal selection circuit 311' in response to a T-SEL signal in synchronism with the TRG signal, and the delay generation circuits 313' and 314' generate CLK-A and CLK-B signals, respectively, after a predetermined delay time has elapsed from the S-TRG signal. As shown in Figure 13, the flip-flop 315' generates a signal LON' having a predetermined pulse width tw1' in accordance with a predetermined density on receipt of the S-TRG, CLK-A and CLK-B signals, and the signal LON' is subjected to an ECL to TTL level conversion by the level conversion circuit 316 (LON' signal) and then drives a laser driver (not shown) to thereby control the density of an image formed while the laser driver is driven. As described above, according to the present invention, the following advantages can be obtained by providing the mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of a digital input image signal and the mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of the digital input image signal and by using the digital programmable delay generator for expressing an intermediate gradation: (1) in the both modes, the intermediate gradation can be expressed by controlling an ON/OFF time of a laser beam without the need for offset and gain adjustments which are a characteristic of an analog circuit; (2) in the mode in which one pixel is formed by one dot, the intermediate gradation can be expressed without much increasing an operating frequency of a circuit and without lowering the number of lines which can be reproduced (resolution); (3) in the mode in which a plurality of pixels are formed by one dot, the gradation can be increased by averaging digital input image signals, although the number of lines able to be reproduced (resolution) is reduced; and (4) in the both modes, since the γ conversion processing can be changed, a density of the image formation apparatus can be corrected by the host computer. Further, the following secondary advantages can be obtained: (5) when one dot is formed, an arrangement is such that this one dot is roughly divided at first and then a divided block is further sub-divided, and thus a degree of a gradation can be easily increased; and (6) a desired density region can be more finely reproduced by the arrangement described in (5). The present invention should not be limited to the aforesaid embodiments and various modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: An image processing apparatus comprising: a) an input means (101, 130) for inputting a digital input signal expressing a gradation; and b) a pulse width modulation signal generation means (313; 315') for generating a pulse width modulation signal (LON) having a pulse width in accordance with the gradation expressed by said digital input signal, characterized by c) a first timing signal generation means (308; 309') for generating a first timing signal (S-TRG) at a first timing based upon the gradation expressed by said digital input signal; d) a first delay means (312; 313', 314') for delaying a second timing signal (E-TRG; S-TRG) in accordance with the gradation expressed by said digital input signal, wherein said pulse width modulation signal generation means (313, 315') determines the leading edge of said pulse width modulation signal (LON) on the basis of said first timing signal (S-TRG) and the trailing edge thereof on the basis of said signal (E-CLK; A-CLK, B-CLK) delayed by said first delay means (312; 313', 314'). An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a second timing signal generation means (308) for generating said second timing signal (E-TRG) at a second timing based upon the gradation expressed by said digital input signal, and a second delay means (311) for delaying said first timing signal (S-TRG) in accordance with the gradation expressed by said digital input signal, wherein the leading edge of said pulse width modulation signal (LON) is determined on the basis of said signal (S-CLK) delayed by said second delay means (311) . An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said second timing signal (S-TRG) corresponds to said first timing signal (S-TRG) . An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said first delay means (312; 313', 314') includes a digital delay circuit. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said second delay means (311) includes a digital delay circuit. An apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by a switch means (303) for switching a mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with one pixel of said digital input signal and a mode in which one dot is formed in correspondence with a plurality of pixels of said digital input signal, and an average means (302) for averaging the gradations of a plurality of the pixels of said digital input signal in the mode in which a plurality of the pixels of said digital input signal correspond to one dot. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said first timing at which said first timing signal (S-TRG) is generated by said first timing signal generating means (308) is changed in accordance with said respective modes. An apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said second delay means (311) is adapted to change a delay time in accordance with said respective modes. An apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said first delay means comprises two delay means (313', 314') , wherein a selection means (311') is provided for selecting one of said two delay means and for supplying said first timing signal (S-TRG) to the selected one of said two delay means.

Inventors: HASHIMOTO TOMOHIRO, ITO YASUO, HASHIMOTO, TOMOHIRO, ITO, YASUO, Hashimoto, Tomohiro, c/o Canon K.K., Ito, Yasuo, c/o Canon K.K.
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1992
Main classification: H04N1
IPC codes: H04N1