High speed upward flow filtration apparatus

Abstract: In a high speed upward flow filtration apparatus, an upper perforated panel for receiving a fibrous lump is secured to a circumferential side plate for receiving the fibrous lump. A lower movable perforated panel for receiving the fibrous lump is vertically moved by a vertical motion cylinder, and fitted into the circumferential side plate for receiving the fibrous lump under the upper perforated panel for receiving the fibrous lump. A filter layer is formed by filling the fibrous lump between the upper perforated panel for receiving the fibrous lump and the lower movable perforated panel for receiving the fibrous lump. An unfiltered water supply diffuser is provided under the lower movable perforated panel for receiving the fibrous lump. The lower movable perforated panel is raised by the vertical moving cylinder to form a dense and uniform filter layer and to implement a high performance filtration.

Description: The present invention relates to a high speed upward flow filtration apparatus by providing a filter layer comprising a plurality of fibrous lumps, and by raising water having fine solid materials to pass through the filter layer. A filtration apparatus is known from Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 1-249113. The conventional filtration apparatus has the structure as shown in Fig. 14. Water streams from a channel 11 via a water inlet 12 into a lower chamber 15 which is disposed between a channel bottom 13 and a lower perforated panel 14. The water streams via the lower perforated panel 14 through an upper perforated panel 16. The upward flow causes each fibrous lump to float upwardly toward the upper perforated panel 16 to form a fibrous lump filter layer 17 under the perforated panel 16. As a result, the upward flow is filtered by passing through the fibrous lump filter layer 17. Fine solid materials in the upward flow adhere to the fibrous lump 5 in the lower portion of the fibrous lump filter layer 17 as filtration is performed. If a certain amount of the fine solid materials adheres to the fibrous lumps 5, the fibrous lumps 5 can not form the fibrous lump filter layer 17 due to an increased specific gravity. Accordingly, the fibrous lumps 5 sink into a space 18 or rest on the lower perforated panel 14. Therefore, fresh fibrous lumps 5 are always exposed at the lower portion of the fibrous lump filter layer 17. The upward flow is continued under lower pressure loss. The stream velocity can be controlled by lowering a vertical movable diaphragm 19 onto a fixed diaphragm 20 when the quantity of water in the channel 11 is decreased. There are disadvantages in that the fine solid materials adhering to the floating or falling fibrous lumps 5 can be separated from the fibrous lumps 5, and the fine solid materials may pass through the fibrous lumps 5 of the thinned fibrous lump filter layer 17. Further the operation of the vertical movable diaphragms 19 is rather complicated. It is an object of the present invention to eliminate air gaps between the fibrous lumps so that a dense and uniform filter layer is achieved for a high performance filtration. This object is achieved by the features in claim 1. The filter layer using the fibrous lumps permits a large void ratio, and a pressure loss accompanied with the fine solid materials is rarely increased even if the fibrous lumps are compressed. It is provided a cleaning chamber in which the fibrous lumps can freely move if cleaning is required for the fibrous lumps. The cleaning chamber is defined between the upper perforated panel and the lower movable perforated panel by lowering the lower movable perforated panel. It is another advantage of the invention to recover the spherical configuration of the fibrous lumps by releasing the compressive force. It is another aspect to create an upward flow of water mixed with air by injecting air from a fibrous lump washing diffuser. The fibrous lump washing diffuser is disposed at the lower portion of an unfiltered water supply chamber. It is provided to agitate the fibrous lumps by such an upward flow to improve the cleaning of the lumps. The foregoing and other objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of a high speed upward flow filtration apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a side sectional view showing an enlarged left-hand portion of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a side sectional view showing a enlarged right-hand portion of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the embodiment of the high speed upward flow filtration apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a front sectional view showing the embodiment of the high speed upward flow filtration apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a side sectional view showing an enlarged part of the embodiment of the high speed upward flow filtration apparatus of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a front view of a fibrous lump; Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the fibrous lump; Fig. 9 is a principle view showing a state where a filter layer is formed; Fig. 10 is a principle view showing a state where the filter layer is compressed; Fig. 11 is a principle view showing a state where a filtration is performed; Fig. 12 is a principle view showing a state where an upstream water level is increased; Fig. 13 is a principle view showing a state where the fibrous lumps are cleaned; and Fig. 14 is a side sectional view showing a conventional filtration apparatus provided in a channel, Figs. 7 and 8 show a filtering fibrous lump 5 comprising a crimpy fibrous lump, which is employed in an embodiment of the present invention. The fibrous lump 5 has many bundled crimpy fibers 8 formed by providing synthetic fibers of 20 to 200 denier with 2 to 10 crimps per inch (2,53 cm). The bundled crimpy fibers 8 are wrung and bundled at the core portion thereof by a binding wire 9 such as a stiff synthetic fiber, a rigid plastic band, an aluminum wire or an anticorrosion metal wire. The bundled crimpy fibers 8 are rounded to provide the fibrous lump 5 in the form of a substantial sphere having a diameter of 10 to 50 mm. A fiber having a higher specific gravity than water, for example, a polyvinylidene chloride fiber is optimal for the synthetic fiber to constitute the crimpy fiber 8. The synthetic fiber may be a polyvinyl chloride, a polyethylene fiber or other synthetic fibers. Figs. 1 through 6 show an embodiment of a high speed upward flow filtration apparatus of the present invention. In the high speed upward flow filtration apparatus, raw water is introduced into a feed water channel 21, and thereafter distributed by a feed water weir 22 to each channel 23. The water can be interrupted by an upstream vertical movable isolation plate 24. The water fed from the feed water channel 21 flows along an upstream weir 25 and is introduced into a channel bottom 27 via a water inlet 26. The water flows upwardly from the channel bottom 27 through plates 28, and is uniformly distributed to each filter layer 6. A plurality of fixed diaphragms 30 are provided between the upstream weir 25 of the channel 23 and a downstream weir 29. Holding compressors for the filter layer 6 are disposed between the fixed diaphragms 30. The holding compressor comprises: four circumferential side plates 1 for receiving the fibrous lumps to form a vertical square cylinder; an upper perforated panel 2 secured to an upper grid frame 32 which is rigidly fixed by bolts 31 on the upper portions of the respective circumferential side plates 1; a lower movable perforated panel 4 secured to a lower grid frame 33 which is fitted into a portion surrounded by the respective circumferential side plates 1; and a vertical motion means 3 including a fluid pressure cylinder 38 for vertically moving the lower grid frame 33 and the lower movable perforated panel 4. The upper grid frame 32 is fixed by a bolt 41 with respect to the upstream weir 25, the downstream weir 29, the fixed diaphragm 30 and a channel side wall 36. A piston rod 34 of the vertical motion cylinder 38 passes through a guide cylinder 35 (Fig. 6). The guide cylinder 35 is disposed at an intermediate portion of the upper grid frame 32. The lower end of the piston rod 34 is coupled with the lower grid frame 33. The cylinder 38 is secured to a frame 37 which is fixed on the respective channel side walls 36. A rubber packing 40 is disposed between the lower end surface of the respective circumferential side plates 1 and upper surfaces of pedestals 39. The pedestals 39 are disposed at lower positions of the upstream weir 25, the downstream weir 29, the fixed diaphragm 30, and the channel side wall 36. A large number of fibrous lumps 5 are filled into a chamber defined by the upper perforated panel 2, the lower movable perforated panel 4, and the four circumferential side plates 1. The lower movable perforated panel 4 is raised to form the filter layer 6, and further raised to compress the fibrous lumps 5 to form the uniform and dense filter layer 6. Unfiltered water supply chambers 7 communicating with the channel bottom 27 are provided under the respective lower movable perforated panels 4. Fibrous lump cleaning diffusers 10 comprising an air injection pipe with many injection holes are disposed at the lower portion of the unfiltered water supply chambers 7. The fibrous lump cleaning diffusers 10 are connected to an air blower 42. A plurality of distributing weirs 43 are provided for the channel side walls 36 at a higher position than that of the downstream weir 29. A downstream isolation plate 46 is disposed above the downstream weir 29, and is vertically movable by a piston rod 45 of a vertical motion cylinder 44. A channel 47 for filtered water is arranged downstream the downstream weir 29, and a catch drain 48 is arranged adjacent to the channel 47. The unfiltered water in the feed water channel 21 is introduced into the channel 23 by the feed water weir 22. The water flows along the upstream weir 25, and is introduced into the channel bottom 27 via the water inlet 26. The water streams upwardly from the channel bottom 27, and is uniformly distributed toward the respective filter layers 6 by the plates 28. The lower movable perforated panel 4 is raised by the vertical motion cylinder 38 to hold the filter layer 6 comprising many fibrous lumps 5 between the upper perforated panel 2 and the lower movable perforated panel 4. The lower movable perforated panel 4 is further raised to compress the fibrous lumps 5 and to eliminate air gaps between the fibrous lumps 5, so that a dense and uniform filter layer 6 is formed. The upward flow of the raw water (unfiltered water) rising in the unfiltered water supply chamber 7 is filtered by passing through the filter layer 6. The filtered water flows over the downstream weir 29, and is discharged via the filtered water channel 47. As the water is filtered, fine solid materials in the upward flow progressively adhere to the filter layer 6 in the order from the lower portion to the upper portion thereof Accordingly, with progressing filtration, the flow resistance is increased so that the water level upstream the water inlet 26 is increased. After filtration for a certain time, the downstream isolation plate 46 is closed so that the water level above the respective filter layers 6 rises and the filtered water can pass through the distributing weir 43. In this case, the lower movable perforated panel 4 is lowered to form a cleaning chamber 52 (Fig 13) between the lower movable perforated panel 4 and the upper perforated panel 2. Next, air is injected from the fibrous lump cleaning diffuser 10 disposed under the unfiltered water supply chamber 7 to cause an upward flow of water mixed with air. Consequently, the fibrous lumps 5 in the cleaning chamber are agitated in water and cleaned, and the cleaning drain is discharged from the distributing weir 43 to the catch drain 48. After completion of cleaning the fibrous lumps 5, the lower movable perforated panel 4 is raised to form again a dense and uniform filter layer 6. Thereafter, air injection from the fibrous lump cleaning diffuser 10 is stopped. Further, the downstream isolation plate 46 is opened and filtration can be started again. It is preferred to use fibrous lumps 5 having a diameter of about 40 mm, which is formed of polyvinylidene crimpy fibers with a true specific gravity more than 1. In this case, if the filter layer 6 is formed without compressing the fibrous lumps 5, the filter layer 6 has a void ratio of 93%. Thus, filtration efficiency is low due to air gaps between the fibrous lumps 5, and air gaps between the fibrous lumps 5 and the circumferential side plates 1. If the fibrous lumps 5 are compressed to reduce the void ratio to about 90%, it is possible to eliminate unnecessary air gaps and to form a dense and uniform filter layer 6. As a result, a high performance filtration can be performed. During cleaning, the fibrous lumps 5 can recover their original sphereical form as soon as the compression force is released. Accordingly, the fibrous lumps 5 have a form suitable for cleaning, and can be efficiently cleaned. For example, if the fibrous lumps 5 are filled in at a density of 75 kg/m² and the filter layer 6 has a thickness of about 50 cm, filtration can be performed at a rate of 50 to 100 m³/m²·h. Referring now to the principle views as shown in Figs. 9 through 13, a description will be given of a cleaning operation of the high speed upward flow filtration apparatus of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 9, when the lower movable perforated panel 4 is raised, the fibrous lumps 5 are held to form the filter layer 6 between the upper perforated panel 2 and the lower movable perforated panel 4. If the lower movable perforated panel 4 is further raised, as shown in Fig. 10, the fibrous lumps 5 are compressed between the upper and lower panels and deformed. Consequently, the compression allows to eliminate air gaps between the fibrous lumps 5 with each other and air gaps between the fibrous lumps 5 and the circumferential side plates 1. Thus, a dense and uniform filter layer 6 can be formed. Next, when a filtered water exhaust valve 50 connected to a water tank 49 above the filter layer 6 is opened, the raw water 51 fed in the water tank 49 upwardly passes through the filter layer 6. Hence, the filtration is started as shown in Fig. 11. During filtration, fine solid materials adhere to the fibrous lumps 5. Accordingly, the pressure loss of the filter layer 6 is increased so that the upstream water level is raised as shown in Fig. 12. During further filtration, the filtration performance is reduced and it is necessary to clean the fibrous lumps 5. Thus, as shown in Fig. 13, the filtered water exhaust valve 50 is closed to raise the water level above the filter layer 6 so that the filtered water can be discharged. At this time, the lower movable perforated panel 4 is lowered to define the cleaning chamber 52 between the upper perforated panel 2 and the lower movable perforated panel 4. Furthermore, an air supply valve 53 is opened to allow the fibrous lump cleaning diffuser 10 to inject air to cause the upward flow of water mixed with air. The upward flow can agitate the fibrous lumps 5 in the cleaning chamber 52 to float, and improves the cleaning of the fibrous lumps 5. After completion of cleaning, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, the lower movable perforated panel 4 is progressively raised to form again the filter layer 6. Thereafter, the air supply valve 53 is closed to stop air injection from the fibrous lump cleaning diffuser 10. The raw water 51 can continuously flow and can be used as back wash water for cleaning.

Claims: A high speed upward flow filtration apparatus, comprising: an inlet (26) for introducing feed water into said apparatus; an outlet for discharging filtered water from said apparatus; a drain (48) for discharging unfiltered water from said apparatus; a first perforated panel (2) immovably mounted within said apparatus; a second perforated panel (4) movably mounted within said apparatus and spaced below said first perforated panel (2), means (3) for selectively moving said movably mounted second perforated panel (4) toward and away from said first perforated panel (2), with parts (38) of said means (3) being located above said first perforated panel (2) and parts (34) of said means (3) extending downwardly, a plurality of fibrous lumps (5) disposed between said first and second perforated panels, each fibrous lump (5) comprising a generally spherical bundle formed by a plurality of crimpy fibers (8) secured to one another at a core portion thereof by a binding wire means (9). means (10) for selectively agitating said feed water, isolation plate means (46) for closing said outlet and distribution weir means (43) for directing feed water to said drain (48) whereby said first and second perforated panels (2, 4) are spaced apart from one another a first predetermined distance when the apparatus is in a filtration mode of operation; said first and second perforated panels are spaced apart from one another a second predetermined distance to form a cleaning chamber (52) when the apparatus is in a back wash mode, said second predetermined distance being greater than said first predetermined distance, whereby cleaning of said fibrous lumps (5) is accomplished by closing said outlet, moving said movably mounted second perforated panel (4) away from said immovably mounted first panel (2) to create said cleaning chamber (52) so that said fibrous lumps (5) may become widely spaced apart from one another, maintaining said inlet open, and activating said means (10) for agitating said feed water so that the level of the feed water within said apparatus rises upon closing of said outlet and so that said feed water at said higher level is directed by said distribution weir means (43) to said drain, (48) said agitation of said feed water serving to clean said spaced apart fibrous lumps (5) within said cleaning chamber (52); and whereby after said fibrous lumps have been cleaned, said second perforated panel (4) is returned to said first predetermined distance from said first perforated panel and said outlet is opened, said opening of said outlet being effective to lower the level of feed water within said apparatus and to thereby divert said feed water from said drain to said outlet The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said inlet further includes a feed water channel (21) and a feed water weir (22) over which water in said feed water channel must flow to enter said filtration means. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an upstream weir (25) having a submerged lower end under which feed water that has flowed over said feed water weir (22) must flow to reach said filtration means. The apparatus of claim 1 to 3, wherein said outlet of said apparatus leads to a filtered water channel (47), and comprises a downstream weir (29) over which filtered water must flow to reach said filtered water channel (47). The apparatus of claim 1 to 4, wherein said means for selectively agitating said feed water includes a fibrous lump cleaning diffuser (10) in the form of an air injection pipe having a plurality of injection holes formed therein, and an air blower (42) for selectively introducing air into said pipe.

Inventors: IDE KATSUJI, KUBA YOSHINORI, MASUDA KATSUHIDE, YAMAGUCHI TAKASHI, IDE, KATSUJI, KUBA, YOSHINORI, MASUDA, KATSUHIDE, YAMAGUCHI, TAKASHI
Applicants: MITSUI MINING CO LTD, MITSUI MINING COMPANY, LIMITED
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B01D24
IPC codes: B01D24, B01D39