Cylinder liner

Abstract: The cylinder liner (1) has an outer circumferential surface (3) having a plurality of groups (4a,4B,4C) of annular grooves (4), each of the groups of annular grooves has two longitudinal grooves (5,6;7,8;9,10) and an inlet (5,7,9) for the cooling oil and disposed at locations spaced apart by 180° in a circumferential direction, and the outlet communicates with the inlet in series in the adjoining groups of annular grooves. The outer circumferential surface has further a longitudinal groove (13) connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove (10) forming the outlet of the lowermost group of annular grooves, a circumferential groove (14) connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove (13), and a longitudinal groove (15) having the upper end connected to the circumferential groove (14) and the lower end released, and the lowermost longitudinal groove (15) is disposed at a circumferential position differing from the longitudinal grooves (5,6;7,8;9,10) in the groups of annular grooves.

Description: This invention relates to a cylinder liner provided with cooling liquid grooves at its outer circumferential surface. In prior art cooling systems for engines, cooling water is normally used for cooling operation, a cylinder block is provided with cooling water passages in a case of a dry cylinder liner, and in turn in a case of a wet cylinder liner, a concave portion formed at an inner circumferential surface of a bore part of the cylinder block and an outer circumferential surface of a cylinder liner define the cooling water passage, the cooling water is flowed from a lower part of the cylinder liner to an upper part thereof and further flowed to the cylinder head to cool the engine. However, improvement of engine performance in recent years has become an essential requirement, heat generated in a combustion chamber has also increased and a temperature at an upper part of the cylinder liner near the combustion chamber has also become excessively high. Accordingly, in designing an engine having a compact size as well as a high speed and a high load, the prior art cooling structure for the cylinder shows a problem that the upper part of the cylinder liner near the combustion chamber cannot be sufficiently cooled. In order to accommodate for the foregoing, it has been proposed to provide a cylinder liner in which an outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner is formed with a plurality of annular grooves, a plurality of annular grooves described above are divided into a plurality of groups of annular grooves, each of the groups of annular grooves has two longitudinal grooves communicating the annular grooves with each other, forming an outlet and an inlet for the cooling liquid and disposed at locations spaced apart by 180° in a circumferential direction, the outlet communicates in series with the inlet in the adjoining groups of annular grooves and a total sectional area of the annular grooves in each of the groups of annular grooves is decreased from a lower part toward an upper part in an axial direction of the cylinder liner (refer to Japanese Utility Model Application No. 62-60967). With the foregoing, a flow of cooling liquid, e.g. oil directed from the upper part of the cylinder liner to the lower part thereof will be described, wherein the cooling oil flows around the outer circumference of the cylinder liner through the annular grooves in a group of annular grooves, thereafter moves from the longitudinal groove forming the outlet of the group of annular grooves towards the longitudinal groove forming the inlet of the adjoining next stage group of annular grooves, flows from the longitudinal groove into the annular grooves of the group of annular grooves, flows around the outer circumference of the cylinder liner, then the cooling oil is moved to the lower adjoining group of annular grooves in the same manner. Then, the cooling oil is discharged into the oil pan from a discharging longitudinal groove disposed on the extension line of the longitudinal groove forming the outlet of the lowermost group of annular grooves. In this case, if the cooling oil drops onto the arm part of the crank shaft, the balance weight or the bearing of the connecting rod connected to the pin or the like when the cooling oil is discharged into the oil pan, a substantial flow rate of the cooling oil flows down, so that there is a problem that a certain load is applied to the rotation of the crank shaft. In addition, when the cooling oil strikes against the arm part of the rotating crank shaft, the cooling oil is dispersed to mix air during its dispersion and the cooling oil having air mixed therein is dropped into the oil pan. When air is mixed in the lubricant oil stored in the oil pan, the air flows into the lubricant oil passages or the cooling oil passages together with the lubricant oil, so that there is a problem that the lubricating performance or the cooling performance is reduced. Accordingly, the cooling oil to be discharged into the oil pan is preferably dropped onto the main shaft of the crank shaft. However, if the circumferential positions of the longitudinal groove forming the outlet of the lowermost group of annular grooves are disposed above the main axis of the crank shaft, the longitudinal groove forming the inlet for the cooling oil in the group of annular grooves is disposed above the main axis of the crank shaft. In the case of a multi-cylinder type engine, there is a problem that an arrangement of the inlets for the cooling oil above the main axis of the crank shaft causes the supplying passages formed in the cylinder block for supplying the cooling oil to the inlets for the cooling oil to be bypassed around bolt holes and a formation of the supplying passages for the cooling oil extending from the side surface of the cylinder block to the inlets for the cooling oil in the cylinder liners is not facilitated due to the fact that the bolts holes for use in fastening the cylinder liners to the cylinder block are disposed at the lateral positions between the bores of the cylinder block. Viewed from one aspect the cylinder liner of the present invention has an outer circumferential surface having a plurality of groups of annular grooves, each of the groups of annular grooves has two longitudinal grooves communicating the annular grooves with each other, forming an outlet and an inlet for a cooling liquid and disposed at locations spaced apart by substantially 180° in a circumferential direction, the outlet communications in series with the inlet in adjoining groups of annular grooves, a total sectional area of the annular grooves in each of the groups of annular grooves is decreased from a lower part toward an upper part thereof, the outer circumferential surface has further a longitudinal groove connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove forming the outlet of the lowermost group of annular grooves, a circumferential groove connected to the lower end of the further longitudinal groove and a longitudinal groove having an upper end connected to the circumferential groove and a lower end released, and the longitudinal groove having the upper end connected to the circumferential groove and the lower end released is disposed at a different circumferential position from the longitudinal grooves in the groups of annular grooves. An outer circumferential surface at a position above the uppermost group of annular grooves may be provided with one annular groove communicating with the longitudinal groove forming the inlet of the uppermost group of annular grooves. According to at least preferred embodiments of the cylinder liner of the present invention, in a case where the cylinder liner is installed in the cylinder block in such a way as the position of the cooling oil discharging groove in the cylinder liner is disposed above the main axis of the crank shaft, the cooling oil inlet of the cylinder liner is disposed at a circumferential position away from above the main axis of the crank shaft, so that the cooling oil supplying passage extended from the side surface of the cylinder block to the cooling oil inlet in the cylinder liner can be arranged at a position away from the bolt holes for use in fastening the cylinder liner which are disposed at lateral positions between the bores of the cylinder block and then the cooling oil supplying passage can be easily be formed. Viewed from a second aspect, there is provided a cylinder liner comprising an outer circumferential surface provided with a plurality of annular grooves, said annular grooves being communicated by two longitudinal grooves forming an outlet and an inlet for a cooling liquid and being disposed at locations spaced apart by substantially 180° in a circumferential direction, characterised in that: said outer circumferential surface further having a longitudinal groove connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove forming the outlet of said group of annular grooves, a circumferential groove connected to the lower end of said further longitudinal groove, and a longitudinal groove having an upper end connected to the circumferential groove and a lower end released, said longitudinal groove having its upper end connected to said circumferential groove and its lower end released being disposed at a different circumferential position from the longitudinal grooves in said group of annular grooves. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:- Fig. 1 is a development showing a part of the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner according to one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken at the longitudinal grooves of the cylinder liner to show a bore part of a cylinder block into which the cylinder liner of this embodiment of the present invention is fitted; and Fig.3 is a top plan view showing the cylinder block into which the cylinder liner of the illustrated embodiment is fitted. Cooling oil grooves are formed at an outer circumferential surface of a cylinder liner with an inner diameter of 84 mm⊘, a stroke of 89 mm and 96 HP in line four diesel engine. That is, as shown in Figs.1 and 2, the cylinder liner 1 has a flange 2 at its upper end and an outer circumferential surface 3 of the cylinder liner below the flange 2 is formed with eighteen annular grooves 4 in axially spaced-apart relation. These annular grooves 4 are divided into three groups of annular grooves. The three groups of annular grooves are the first group 4A of annular grooves ranging from the first annular groove 4 at the upper end of the cylinder liner to the fourth annular groove 4, the second group 4B of annular grooves ranging from the fifth annular groove 4 to the tenth annular groove 4 and the third group 4C of annular grooves ranging from the eleventh annular groove 4 to the last eighteenth annular groove 4. In the first group 4A of annular grooves, two longitudinal grooves 5 and 6 communicating the annular grooves 4 with each other are provided at two positions spaced apart by 180° in a circumferential direction of the cylinder liner 1, in which one longitudinal groove 5 forms a cooling oil inlet and the other longitudinal groove 6 forms a cooling oil outlet. Similarly, in the second group 4B of annular grooves, two longitudinal grooves 7 and 8 communicating the annular grooves 4 with each other are provided at the same two positions in the circumferential direction as the longitudinal grooves 5 and 6 of the first group 4A of annular grooves, in which the longitudinal groove 7 located at the cooling oil outlet side of the first group 4A of annular grooves forms a cooling oil inlet and the other longitudinal groove 8 forms a cooling oil outlet. Also in the third group 4C of annular grooves, two longitudinal grooves 9 and 10 communicating the annular grooves 4 with each other are provided at the same two positions in the circumferential direction as the longitudinal grooves 7 and 8 of the second group 4B of annular grooves in their circumferential directions, in which the longitudinal groove 9 located at the cooling oil outlet side of the second group 4B of annular grooves forms a cooling oil inlet and the other longitudinal groove 10 forms a cooling oil outlet. The longitudinal groove 6 forming the cooling oil outlet of the first group 4A of annular grooves and the longitudinal groove 7 forming the cooling oil inlet of the second group 4B of annular grooves are communicated in series by a longitudinal groove 11 which is located at the same circumferential location as those of said longitudinal grooves 6 and 7 and is formed at the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner 1 between the fourth annular groove 4 and the fifth annular groove 4. In addition, similarly, the longitudinal groove 8 forming the cooling oil outlet of the second group 4B of annular grooves and the longitudinal groove 9 forming the cooling oil inlet of the third group 4C of annular grooves are communicated in series by a longitudinal groove 12 which is located at the same circumferential location as those of said longitudinal grooves 8 and 9 and is formed at the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner 1 between the tenth annular groove 4 and the eleventh annular groove 4. The annular grooves 4 are formed in a plane perpendicular to an axis of the cylinder liner 1 and have rectangular sectional shapes. Their widths and depths are all same to each other. Longitudinal grooves 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 have also rectangular sectional shapes, are disposed in parallel with an axis of the cylinder liner 1 and their widths and depths are all the same to each other. A lower part of the outer circumferential surface 3 of the cylinder liner is formed with discharging grooves. That is, the discharging grooves are comprised of a longitudinal groove 13 connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove 10 forming an outlet of the third group 4C of annular grooves and disposed on an extension line of the longitudinal groove 10; an annular groove 14 connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove 13 and formed in a plane perpendicular to an axis of the cylinder liner 1; and two longitudinal grooves 15 having their upper ends connected to the annular groove 14, extended down to the lower end of the cylinder liner 1 and disposed in parallel with an axis of the cylinder liner 1. The longitudinal grooves 15 are disposed at locations spaced apart by 180° in their circumferential direction. Their circumferential positions are disposed at locations apart by about 60° in the same direction from the longitudinal grooves 5, 7 and 9 forming inlets, and the longitudinal grooves 6, 8 and 10 forming outlets which are made at each of the groups of annular grooves 4A, 4B and 4C. When the cylinder liner is to be installed in a cylinder block 16 to be described later, the discharging longitudinal grooves 15 are placed above the main axis of the crank shaft. Although the aforesaid discharging annular groove 14 is formed around an entire circumference in the outer circumferential surface 3 of the cylinder liner, it may instead not be formed around the entire circumference, but may be formed at a part of the entire circumference. Although the longitudinal grooves 15 below the groove 14 are extended down to the lower end of the cylinder liner, it is satisfactory that in case of the cylinder liner having the lower end smaller in diameter than the upper part thereof, the grooves are extended down to the upper end position of the small diameter part thereof. The discharging longitudinal grooves 13 and 15 have rectangular cross sections, their widths and depths are the same as those of the longitudinal grooves 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the groups of annular grooves. The discharging annular groove 14 has a rectangular cross section and its depth is the same as that of the annular groove 4 in the groups of annular grooves. However, it is preferable that the width of the discharging annular groove 14 is wide. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the groove width of the discharging annular groove 14 is formed to show three to five times of that of the annular groove 4 in the groups of annular grooves. The cylinder liners 1 are respectively fitted into the bore parts of the cylinder block 16 (refer to Fig.2), and a spacing defined by the inner circumferential surface 17 of the bore part and the grooves 4 to 15 of the cylinder liner 1 forms the cooling oil passage 18. In this case, the cylinder liner 1 is installed in such a way as the discharging longitudinal grooves 15 extending down to the lower end of the cylinder liner are disposed above the main axis line X of the crank shaft (refer to Fig.3). Accordingly, the longitudinal groove 5 forming the inlet for the cooling oil in the cylinder liner 1 is disposed at a circumferential position apart by about 60° from above the main axis line X of the crank shaft. Cooling oil supplying passages 19 (refer to Fig.3) connected to the longitudinal grooves 5 are extended linearly in a lateral direction from the side surface of the cylinder block 16 to the longitudinal grooves 5. In this way, the cooling oil supplying passages 19 can be disposed linearly at positions avoiding the bolt holes 20 for use in fastening the cylinder liner (refer to fig.3) arranged at lateral positions between the bores of the cylinder block 16, so that the cooling oil supplying passages 19 to be disposed in the cylinder block 16 may easily be formed. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 1, the cooling oil passed through the cooling oil supplying passage 19 in the cylinder block 16 and flowed into the longitudinal groove 5 forming the inlet of the first group 4A of annular grooves in the cylinder liner flows in the annular grooves 4 in the first group 4A of annular grooves toward an opposite side of 180° and flows from the longitudinal groove 6 forming the outlet of the first group 4A of annular grooves into the longitudinal groove 7 forming the inlet of the second group 4B of annular grooves. The cooling oil flows in the annular grooves 4 in the second group 4B of annular grooves toward the opposite side of 180° and flows from the longitudinal groove 8 forming the outlet of the second group 4B of annular grooves into the longitudinal groove 9 forming the inlet of the third group 4C of annular grooves. The cooling oil flows in the annular grooves 4 in the third group 4C of annular grooves toward the opposite side of 18O°, flows from the longitudinal groove 10 forming the outlet of the third group 4C of annular grooves into the longitudinal groove 13 which is a continuation of longitudinal groove 10, flows into the annular groove 14, flows around the annular groove 14, and drops from the two longitudinal grooves 15 at the lowest end onto the main axis of the crank shaft not shown, thereafter flows down into the oil pan not shown. In this case the total sectional areas of the annular grooves for the cooling oil in the three groups 4A, 4B, and 4C of annular grooves have a ratio of 2:3:4. A flow speed of the cooling oil flowing in each of the groups 4A, 4B and 4C of annular grooves is as follows. A flow speed of the cooling oil in the second group 4B of annular grooves is faster than that of the cooling oil in the third group 4C of annular grooves, and a flow speed of the cooling oil in the first group 4A of annular grooves is faster than that of the cooling oil in the second group 4B of annular grooves. Accordingly, the coefficient of heat-transfer of the cooling oil is increased as it goes up to the upper part of the cylinder liner 1, and as a result the cooling capability is increased from a lower part toward an upper part and an appropriate cooling corresponding to the temperature gradient in an axial direction of the cylinder liner is carried out. Although in the aforesaid preferred embodiment, the sectional shape of the annular groove is a rectangular one, this is not limited to a rectangular one but it may be a V-shape, a semi-circular one and there is no specific limitation. However, in order to increase a thermal transfer area, a rectangular shape in the present preferred embodiment or a square shape is preferable. In the aforesaid preferred embodiment, a plurality of annular grooves spaced-apart in an axial direction of the cylinder liner are divided into the three groups of annular grooves and a total sectional area of the annular grooves for the cooling oil in each of the groups of annular grooves is decreased from a lower part toward an upper part. However, it is also preferable that the annular grooves may be divided into two groups of annular grooves or more than three groups of annular grooves and then a total sectional area of the annular grooves for the cooling oil in each of the groups of annular grooves may be decreased from a lower part toward an upper part. In the cylinder liner of at least preferred embodiments of the present invention, an outer circumferential surface at a position above the uppermost group of annular grooves may be provided with one annular groove communicating with the longitudinal groove forming the inlet of the uppermost group of annular grooves. The aforesaid cooling structure may be used in gasoline engine and diesel engine. In addition, in the aforesaid cooling structure, a cylinder block made by aluminium die casting or a sectional cylinder block may be used. Thus, in at least preferred embodiments there is provided a cylinder liner in which a cooling liquid e.g. oil supplying passage communicating with an inlet for the cooling liquid e.g. oil in the cylinder liner may easily be formed in a cylinder block.

Claims: A cylinder liner (1) comprising an outer circumferential surface (3) provided with a plurality of groups (4A,4B,4C) of annular grooves (4), each of said groups of annular grooves has two longitudinal grooves (5,6;7,8;9,10) communicating the annular grooves with each other, forming an outlet (6,8,10) and an inlet (5,7,9) for a cooling liquid and disposed at locations spaced apart by substantially 180° in a circumferential direction, the outlet communicates in series with the inlet in said adjoining groups of annular grooves, a total sectional area of the annular grooves in each of said groups of annular grooves is decreased from a lower part toward an upper part in an axial direction of the cylinder liner, characterised in that: said outer circumferential surface has further a longitudinal groove (13) connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove (10) forming the outlet of said lowermost group of annular grooves, a circumferential groove (14) connected to the lower end of the further longitudinal groove (13), and a longitudinal groove (15) having an upper end connected to the circumferential groove (14) and a lower end released, and said longltudinal groove (15) having the upper end connected to said circumferential groove (14) and the lower end released is disposed at a different circumferential position from the longitudinal grooves in said groups of annular grooves. A cylinder liner (1) according to claim 1 in which an outer circumferential surface (3) at a position above said uppermost group (4A) of annular grooves (4) is provided with one annular groove communicating with the longitudinal groove (5) forming the inlet of said uppermost group of annular grooves. A cylinder liner (1) according to claim 1 or 2 in which a groove width of said circumferential groove (14) is wider than that of the annular grooves (4) in said groups (4A,4B,4C) of annular grooves. A cylinder liner (1) according to any preceding claim in which said circumferential groove (14) is formed around an entire circumference. A cylinder liner (1) according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 in which said circumferential groove (14) is formed around part of an entire circumference. A cylinder block (16) comprising a cylinder liner (1) according to any preceding claim wherein said lowermost longitudinal groove (15) is disposed above the main axis (XX) of a crank shaft. A cylinder liner (1) comprising an outer circumferential surface (3) provided with a plurality of annular grooves (4), said annular grooves being communicated by two longitudinal grooves (5,6) forming an outlet and an inlet for a cooling liquid and being disposed at locations spaced apart by substantially 180° in a circumferential direction, characterised in that: said outer circumferential surface further having a longitudinal groove (13) connected to the lower end of the longitudinal groove (6) forming the outlet of said group of annular grooves, a circumferential groove (14) connected to the lower end of said further longitudinal groove (13), and a longitudinal groove (15) having an upper end connected to the circumferential groove and a lower end released, said longitudinal groove (15) having its upper end connected to said circumferential groove and its lower end released being disposed at a different circumferential position from the longitudinal grooves (5,6) in said group of annular grooves. A cylinder liner (1) according to claim 7 in which there are two or more of said groups (4A,4B,4C) of annular grooves.

Inventors: HAMA FUJIO, HARASHINA KENICHI, HAMA, FUJIO, HARASHINA, KENICHI
Applicants: TEIKOKU PISTON RING CO LTD, TEIKOKU PISTON RING CO. LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F02F1
IPC codes: F02B1, F02B3, F01P3, F02F1