Highly heat resistant glass fiber and process for its production

Abstract: Highly heat resistant glass fiber which comprises from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of Al₂O₃, from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of TiO₂, from 96 to 99.8 wt% of SiO₂ and not more than 0.03 wt% of the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. A sol-gel process for its production is disclosed and its use as a heat insulating material.

Description: The present invention relates to a highly heat resistant glass fiber and a process for its production. E-glass most commonly employed as long glass fibers, has a wide range of applications including an application as an electrical insulating material. However, its heat resistance is only at a level of 800°C at best because of the limitation from its chemical composition. When use at a higher temperature is desired, silica glass fibers having a higher melting point are employed. As classified broadly, two types of glass are known for the silica glass fibers. Namely, one type is melt method silica glass fibers which are prepared by melting natural quartz, followed by vitrification, and the other type is so-called leached silica fibers. When both types of fibers are compared, the melt method silica glass fibers are composed of from 99.9 to 99.99 wt% of silica, while the leached silica fibers contain impurities in addition to silica, wherein the purity of silica is at a level of 99%. On the other hand, in the stability against heat of 1,000°C or higher, the leached silica fibers are superior. Namely, even when the leached silica fibers are maintained at 1,000°C for 480 hours, the yarn maintains about 70% of the initial strength, whereas the strength of the melt method silica glass fibers drops to a level of at most 5%. However, when maintained at 1,100°C, even the leached silica fibers undergo precipitation of cristobalite within 48 hours, and the strength will be lowered. It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems inherent to the prior art. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems and provides highly heat resistant glass fiber which comprises from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of Al₂O₃, from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of TiO₂, from 96 to 99.8 wt% of SiO₂ and not more than 0.03 wt% of the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. Further, the present invention provides highly heat resistant glass fiber which comprises from 0.1 to 0.6 wt% of Al₂O₃, from 0.1 to 0.8 wt% of TiO₂, from 98.6 to 99.8 wt% of SiO₂ and not more than 0.03 wt% of the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a graph showing the relation between the heat treatment time and the yarn breaking load. When subjected to a heat of 1,000°C or higher, glass fibers composed mainly of silica will undergo shrinkage, fusion of fibers (monofilaments) to one another and precipitation of cristobalite, whereby the tensile strength will decrease. Within a temperature range of from 1,000 to 1,100°C, these three phenomena do not necessarily simultaneously occur and the mode of occurrence varies depending upon the types of the fibers. For example, with the conventional melt method silica glass fibers, fusion of the fibers to one another occurs mainly, and with the leached silica fibers, shrinkage of fibers and precipitation of cristobalite mainly occur, whereby the tensile strength (breaking load) of the yarn decreases. The highly heat resistant glass fibers of the present invention have been developed for the purpose of improving the heat resistance by suppressing the above-mentioned three phenomena of heat deterioration. The essential point is to restrict the contents of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ relative to SiO₂ and to limit the content of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. The effect of incorporation of Al₂O₃ to silica glass is to increase the high temperature viscosity of glass. Especially when maintained at a temperature of from 1,000 to 1,100°C, it shows high viscosity as compared with silica glass containing no Al₂O₃, whereby it is possible to prevent fusion of monofilaments to one another. This effect of Al₂O₃ appears when the glass contains from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of Al₂O₃ relative to from 96 to 99.8 wt% of SiO₂. The effect is particularly remarkable when the glass contains from 0.1 to 0.6 wt% of Al₂O₃. On the other hand, the effect of incorporation of TiO₂ to silica glass containing from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of Al₂O₃, is to control the precipitation of cristobalite. If TiO₂ is not incorporated, the time until the precipitation of cristobalite starts will be quickened, and the amount of precipitation increases as the content of Al₂O₃ increases, when the glass is maintained at a temperature of from 1,000 to 1,100°C. The tensile strength of the yarn decreases with an increase of the amount of precipitated cristobalite. Therefore, it is important to suppress the precipitation to prevent the deterioration of the strength. The effect of incorporation of TiO₂ appears when the glass contains from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of TiO₂. However, such an effect is particularly remarkable when the glass contains from 0.1 to 0.8 wt% of TiO₂ in a case where SiO₂ is from 98.6 to 99.8 wt% and Al₂O₃ is from 0.1 to 0.6 wt%. Further, in the glass fiber of the present invention, the above-mentioned effects of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ tend to be small if alkali metals or alkaline earth metals are present in the glass. Therefore, the total amount of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides is not higher than 0.03 wt%, more preferably not higher than 0.01 wt%. The highly heat resistant glass fiber of the above composition is useful for various products including knitted products such as sleeves and strings, woven fabrics such as cloth and tapes, non-woven fabrics, mats, papers, chopped strands, yarns and staple fibers. Such products are suitably selected depending upon the particular purposes and the environment of use where the high heat resistance is required, whereby remarkable effects can be obtained. Further, a heat insulating material made of the highly heat resistant glass fiber of the present invention, such as a highly heat resistant heat-insulating material made of the above-mentioned knitted product, mat, cloth, tape, paper, chopped strand or non-woven fabric, or by a combination thereof, is particularly useful. Especially, a heat insulating collar for a semiconductor production diffusion furnace made of the highly heat resistant glass fiber of the present invention, such as a heat insulating collar for a semiconductor production diffusion furnace made of the above-mentioned knitted product, mat, cloth, tape, paper, chopped strand or non-woven fabric, or by a combination thereof, has a remarkable feature that in addition to the high heat resistance, it contains no substantial amount of impurities detrimental to semiconductors. The present invention also provides a process for producing a highly heat resistant glass fiber, which comprises adding aluminum and titanium chelate compounds to a silicon alkoxide solution, reacting the mixture until the viscosity becomes to be from 10 to 200 poise (as measured at 25°C), followed by dry spinning to form gel fiber, and sintering the gel fiber at a temperature of from 800 to 1,100°C for a predetermined period of time, so as to produce a fiber having a composition as defined in Claim 1. The silicon alkoxide is not particularly restricted. However, for example, silicon tetraethoxide is suitably employed. The silicon alkoxide is dissolved in a solvent such as ethanol or methanol to obtain a solution, which is hydrolyzed to increase the viscosity and then subjected to spinning. The aluminum and titanium chelate compounds are preferably added to a solution having the silicon alkoxide preliminarily hydrolyzed. As the aluminum chelate compound, aluminum ethyl acetacetate diisopropoxide, aluminum tris(acetylacetonate) or aluminum tris(ethylacetacetate) may, for example, be used. A chelated compound obtained by reacting a chelating agent to an aluminum alkoxide is also preferably employed. The aluminum alkoxide is not particularly restricted. However, triisopropoxyaluminum, mono-sec-butoxide isopropoxyaluminum or triethoxyaluminum may, for example, be employed. As the titanium chelate compound, di-n-butoxy-bis(triethanolaminate)titanium, isopropoxy(2-ethylhexanediolate)titanium or di-isopropoxy-bis(acetylacetonate)titanium may, for example, be employed. A chelated compound obtained by reacting a chelating agent to a titanium alkoxide may also be preferably employed. The titanium alkoxide is not particularly restricted. However, tetra-n-butoxy titanium, tetraisopropoxytitanium, tetrakis-2-ethylhexoxytitanium or tetrastearoxytitanium may, for example, be used. As the above chelating agent, a β-diketone or a β-ketonic acid ester such as acetylacetone or ethyl acetacetate, may, for example, be preferably employed. At the time of incorporating the aluminum and titanium chelate compounds, it is preferred to add a carboxylic acid such as formic acid or acetic acid, so that the chelate compounds can thereby be readily dissolved in a solvent such as ethanol or methanol. Now, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to Examples. EXAMPLE 1 640 g of ethyl silicate 40 (product of Nippon Corcoat Company) was dissolved in 250 g of ethanol. To this solution, 56 g of water was added, and the mixture was maintained at 80°C for hydrolysis. As a catalyst, nitric acid was employed. This solution was concentrated to obtain a spinning mother solution having a SiO₂ content of 46 wt%. To this spinning mother solution, a transparent solution obtained by mixing 2.05 g of aluminum isopropoxide, 1.85 g of titanium butoxide, 4.0 g of acetylacetone, 8.0 g of formic acid and 40 g of methanol, was added and stirred. When the viscosity of this solution became 60 poise (as measured at 25°C), it was filled in a tank and then extruded from a spinneret having about 100 nozzles (opening diameter: about 100 µm) into atmospheric air. Extruded filaments were wouned up at a rate of 100 m/min on a winding drum, whereby gel fibers were continuously obtained. The cross section of the obtained gel fiber monofilament was oval with its longer diameter being about 20 µm. The gel fibers were sintered at a temperature of about 900°C to obtain silica glass fibers having a longer diameter of about 16 µm. The fibers were subjected to a chemical analysis, whereby the fibers were found to contain 99.63 wt% of SiO₂, 0.2 wt% of Al₂O₃, 0.17 wt% of TiO₂ and not more than 0.01 wt% of the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. Then, to examine the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers, a yarn having the silica glass fibers bundled to Tex 176 was maintained at 1,100°C, and after cooling to room temperature, the breaking load was measured. The results are shown by 1 in Figure 1 showing the relation between the heat treatment time and the breaking load. EXAMPLE 2 Highly heat resistant glass fibers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 3.89 g of aluminum isopropoxide, 1.85 g of titanium butoxide, 8.0 g of acetylacetone and 16.0 g of formic acid were mixed to the spinning mother solution. The obtained glass fibers were composed of 99.45 wt% of SiO₂, 0.38 wt% of Al₂O₃ and 0.17 wt% of TiO₂, and the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides was not more than 0.01 wt%. In the same manner as in Example 1, the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers was examined, and the results are shown by 2 in Figure 1. EXAMPLE 3 Highly heat resistant glass fibers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 2.05 g of aluminum isopropoxide, 7.28 g of titanium butoxide, 4.0 g of acetylacetone and 8.0 g of formic acid were mixed to the spinning mother solution. The obtained glass fibers were composed of 99.13 wt% of SiO₂, 0.2 wt% of Al₂O₃ and 0.67 wt% of TiO₂, and the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides was not more than 0.01 wt%. In the same manner as in Example 1, the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers was examined, and the results are shown by 3 in Figure 1. EXAMPLE 4 Highly heat resistant glass fibers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 16.4 g of aluminum isopropoxide, 16.3 g of titanium butoxide, 40.0 g of acetylacetone and 140.0 g of formic acid were mixed to the spinning mother solution. The obtained glass fibers were composed of 96.9 wt% of SiO₂, 1.6 wt% of Al₂O₃ and 1.5 wt% of TiO₂, and the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides was less than 0.01 wt%. In the same manner as in Example 1, the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers was examined, and the results are shown by 4 in Figure 1. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A Highly heat resistant glass fibers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 6.14 g of aluminum isopropoxide, 12.0 g of acetylacetone and 24.0 g of formic acid were mixed to the spinning mother solution. The obtained glass fibers were composed of 99.4 wt% of SiO₂ and 0.6 wt% of Al₂O₃. In the same manner as in Example 1, the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers was examined, and the results are shown by A in Figure 1. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE B Highly heat resistant glass fibers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. 3.08 g of aluminum isopropoxide, 5.44 g of titanium butoxide, 0.48 g of calcium butoxide, 6.0 g of acetylacetone and 12.0 g of formic acid were mixed to the spinning mother solution. The obtained glass fibers were composed of 99.16 wt% of SiO₂, 0.3 wt% of Al₂O₃, 0.5 wt% of TiO₂ and 0.04 wt% of CaO. In the same manner as in Example 1, the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers was examined, and the results are shown by B in Figure 1. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE C Highly heat resistant glass fibers were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Aluminum isopropoxide and titanium butoxide were not incorporated. The obtained glass fibers were composed of 99.999 wt% of SiO₂. In the same manner as in Example 1, the heat resistance of the silica glass fibers was examined, and the results are shown by C in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, the highly heat resistant glass fibers of the present invention in Examples 1 to 4 exhibit far superior heat resistance as compared with the glass fibers obtained in Comparative Examples A, B and C. The highly heat resistant glass fibers of the present invention have a high viscosity at a high temperature as compared with conventional products, and the monofilaments do not fuse to one another even at a temperature as high as from 1,000 to 1,100°C. Further, they have a characteristic such that deterioration of the strength at a high temperature is little. Thus, they have excellent characteristics suitable as a material to be used at a high temperature, such as a heat insulating material. Further, the highly heat resistant glass fibers of the present invention contain no substantial impurities detrimental to semiconductors, and a heat-insulating collar for a semiconductor production diffusion furnace made of the highly heat resistant glass fibers of the present invention, will not be fused or hardened and has not only a flexibility and a heat-insulating property but also an excellent characteristic that it is substantially free from staining semiconductors.

Claims: Highly heat resistant glass fiber which comprises from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of Al₂O₃, from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of TiO₂, from 96 to 99.8 wt% of SiO₂ and not more than 0.03 wt% of the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. The highly heat resistant glass fiber according to Claim 1, wherein the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides is not more than 0.01 wt%. The highly heat resistant glass fiber according to Claim 1, which comprises from 0.1 to 0.6 wt% of Al₂O₃, from 0.1 to 0.8 wt% of TiO₂, from 98.6 to 99.8 wt% of SiO₂ and not more than 0.03 wt% of the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. The highly heat resistant glass fiber according to Claim 3, wherein the sum of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides is not more than 0.01 wt%. A process for producing highly heat resistant glass fibers as defined in Claim 1, which comprises adding aluminum and titanium chelate compounds to a silicon alkoxide solution, reacting the mixture until the viscosity becomes to be from 10 to 200 poise (as measured at 25°C), followed by dry spinning to form gel fiber, and sintering the gel fiber at a temperature of from 800 to 1,100°C for a predetermined period of time. The process for producing highly heat resistant glass fiber according to Claim 5, wherein the aluminum chelate compound is a chelated aluminum alkoxide. The process for producing highly heat resistant glass fiber according to Claim 5, wherein the titanium chelate compound is a chelated titanium alkoxide. A heat insulating material made of the highly heat resistant glass fiber as defined in Claim 1. A heat insulating collar for a semiconductor production diffusion furnace, which is made of the highly heat resistant glass fiber as defined in Claim 1.

Inventors: MUKAIYAMA TAKASHI C O ASAHI GL, NUMATA KOUICHI C O ASAHI GLASS, TANEDA NAOKI C O ASAHI GLASS C, MUKAIYAMA, TAKASHI, C/O ASAHI GLASS COMPANY LTD., NUMATA, KOUICHI, C/O ASAHI GLASS COMPANY LTD., TANEDA, NAOKI, C/O ASAHI GLASS COMPANY LTD.
Applicants: ASAHI GLASS CO LTD, ASAHI GLASS COMPANY LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: C03C13
IPC codes: C03C13, C03B37, C30B35, C03C3, C03C1