LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is described having a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the intersections of the scan and the data lines. The polarity of data signals outputted to the data lines can be inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state. Flickers and cross talk can be removed for any display pattern on the liquid crystal display.

Description: D E S C R I P T I O N Liquid Crystal Display The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display using such active elements as a TFT, etc., and more particularly, to a liquid crystal display free from flickering and cross talk that have effects upon the quality of screen images on the liquid crystal display (thereafter called LCD), and a method for driving the LCD and a drive apparatus that enable the removal of flickers and cross talk. In a conventional active-matrix type LCD using a liquid crystal panel, the polarity of data signals outputted to data lines is inverted for each frame to drive liquid crystal elements by alternating current to prevent liquid crystal display from worsening its properties. However, it is known that if a polarity is inverted for each frame, flickers are produced in the picture since a voltage applied to a liquid crystal changes depending upon whether the polarity is positive or negative for a frame. To solve such a problem, the active-matrix type LCD to which AC drive is applied, uses a method for driving liquid crystals based on an electric signal of a polarity different for each data line, that is, each column within the same panel or a method for driving the liquid crystal based on an electric signal of a polarity different for each scan line, that is, each row within the same panel. A LCD using the driving method in which a polarity is inverted for each column is disclosed by, for example, Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application (PUPA) No.61-275822 and, on the other hand, a LCD using the driving method in which a polarity is inverted for each row is disclosed by, for example, Japanese PUPAs No.61-275823 and No.62-218943. The method in which a polarity is inverted for each row reduces flickers, but involves a problem that variation in the electric potential of a common electrode of pixels causes cross talk. On the other hand, the method in which a polarity is inverted for each column has an effect on reducing both flickers and cross talk. However, even though the method is applied, some of display patterns may produce flickers and cause cross talk. In the following, the construction of the LCD using the method for driving it in which a polarity is inverted for each column and problems it involves are described. Fig.4 shows the general construction of the LCD using the method for driving it in which a polarity is inverted for each column. In the figure, a gate driver 1 outputs scan signals to n scan lines Gl to Gn. A first data driver 2 is connected to odd data lines D, to D , to which first data signals are outputted. A second data driver 3 is connected to even data lines D2 to Dm to which second data signals of the opposite polarity of the first data signals are outputted. TFTs 4 are provided at the respective intersections of the scan lines and data lines, each one of their gate electrodes being connected to corresponding one of the scan lines, each one of their drain electrodes being connected to corresponding one of the data lines, their respective source electrodes being connected to corresponding one of pixel electrodes 5 of a liquid crystal cell described later. In the following, drive operations are described by reference to Fig.4. First, when gate signals are sequentially applied to each gate electrode . of the TFTs 4, connected to each scan line, from the gate driver 1 in response to control signals from a controller (not shown), the TFTs 4 are sequentially turned on. A first and a second data signals are applied to each data line simultaneously with the gate signals, from the first data driver 2 and the second data driver 3, respectively. The first and the second data signals have opposite polarity inverted for each frame. As described above, the first and the second data signals being signals of opposite polarity, all pixels on the display screen are driven by alternating current so as to be inverted for each data line. In the conventional LCD, as described above, since the pixels are inverted and driven by alternating current for each data line, flickers and cross talk may be suppressed to some extent, but some of display patterns may cause flickers and cross talk. For example, if each pixel is repeatedly displayed in a on-off pattern of 101010.. .., flickers occur since a pixel turned on in one scanning direction is driven by a pulse of the same polarity even if the pixels are driven by alternating current so as to be inverted for each data line. Further, if the pixel is driven in one scanning direction as described above, it would be a problem that variation in the electric potential of the common electrodes of the pixels causes cross talk. An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a liquid crystal display free from the occurrence of flickers and cross talk irrespective of the above display pattern, and a driving method and a drive apparatus that enable the removal of both flickers and cross talk. The method for driving the liquid crystal display apparatus concerned with the present invention is characterized in that in the liquid crystal display apparatus having a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the intersections of the scan and data lines, the polarity of data signals outputted to the data lines is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state. The liquid crystal display apparatus concerned with the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the inter¬ sections of the scan and data lines, and a data driver for receiving a digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits and outputting a data signal to the data lines to drive the pixels, it being driven by alternating current based on a polarity signal for controlling the polarity of the data signals outputted to the data lines, it providing polarity signal inverting means for inverting said polarity signal each time the digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits becomes one predetermined state of multiple states to invert and the polarity of the data signals outputted to the data lines for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state. The drive apparatus of the liquid crystal display apparatus, concerned with the present invention is characterized in that, in a liquid crystal display comprising a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the intersections of the scan and data lines, and a data driver for receiving a digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits and outputting a data signal to the data lines to drive the pixels, the drive apparatus controls the polarity of data signals outputted to the data lines based on a polarity signal to drive the liquid crystal display apparatus by alternating current, providing polarity signal inverting means for inverting the polarity signal each time the digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits becomes one predetermined state of multiple states to invert the polarity of the data signals outputted to the data lines for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state. The present invention, as described above, has an advantage that the polarity of the data signals outputted to the data lines is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state and thus both flickers and cross talk can be removed at the same time even for special display patterns. Fig.l is a diagram showing an embodiment of a drive apparatus according to the present invention. Fig.2 is a timing chart showing operations of each part of the circuit of Fig.l. Fig.3 is a diagram showing the construction of a LCD to which a drive method is applied in accordance with the present invention. Fig.4 is a diagram showing the construction of a conventional LCD. Fig.5 is a diagram showing other embodiment of the drive apparatus according to the present invention. Fig.6 is a diagram showing the data driver of Fig.3. Fig.l is a construction example showing an embodiment of a LCD in binary display according to the present invention. In the figure, an input 6 for a start frame signal is connected to a CK terminal of a first J-K flip-flop 9 to which the start frame signal is applied and a preset PR terminal of a second J-K flip-flop 10. An input 7 for a digital data signal to which one-bit digital data signal is inputted, is connected to a J and a K terminals of the second JK flip-flop 10 and an output 13 for the digital data signal. An input 8 for a clock signal is connected to a CK terminal of the second J-K flip-flop 10 to which the clock signal is ' applied, and an output 14 for the clock signal. A terminal of the first J-K flip-flop 9 and a Q terminal of the second J-K flip-flop 10 are connected to one and the other inputs of an exclusive OR gate EXOR11, respectively. An output of the exclusive OR gate 11 is connected to an output 12 for a polarity signal. Output signals directed to these three outputs are supplied to a data driver 2 shown later in Fig.3 and Fig.6. The data driver 2 outputs a certain data signal to data lines based on conditions of the digital data signal and the polarity signal. Fig.3 shows an embodiment of a LCD constructed according to the present invention. For the LCD shown in Fig.4, the data lines of the liquid crystal panel are divided into two and are driven by two data drivers provided on the upper and the lower sides. On the other hand, for LCD of Fig.3, all data lines of the liquid crystal panel are driven by one data driver. In the following, operations are described by reference to Fig.l to Fig.3. In the LCD as shown in Fig.3, scanning signals supplied from a gate driver 1 are sequentially applied to scan lines Gl to Gn. Every TFT 4 connected to any scan line is thereby turned on sequentially. Simultaneously with the scanning signals from the gate driver 1, a data signal corresponding to a digital data signal is outputted to data lines Dl to Dm from a data driver 2. If an attempt to display a certain row in a display pattern such as 101110... is made, for normally white mode, a data signal by which a pixel is placed into the dark state, is outputted from the data driver 2 in response to a digital data signal of, for example, "1". For normally black mode, a data signal by which a pixel is placed into the bright state, is outputted from the data driver 2 in response to a digital data signal of, for example, "1". In other words, in any mode, the data signals are the signal by which an electric field is actually applied to a liquid crystal. In the following, operations of the circuit shown in Fig.l of an embodiment according to the present invention are described. Fig.2 shows the waveforms of timing signals for operations in each part of the circuit of Fig.l. When a start frame signal shown in Fig.2(a) is supplied to the input 6, an output signal from the first J-K flip-flop 9 is inverted at the rising edge of the start frame signal and a FF01 signal shown in Fig.2(b) is directed to its Q terminal. On the other hand, to the J and the K terminals of the second J-K flip-flop 10, one-bit digital data signals "1", "0", "1", "1", "1", "0", .. .., shown in Fig.2(d), are supplied and a clock signal (Refer to Fig.2(c)) and the start frame signal are supplied to the CK and the preset (PR) terminals, respectively. In this presetting, a signal from the Q terminal of the second J-K flip-flop 10 is always set, as shown in Fig.2(e), to logical "1" at its beginning. The state signal, which is an output signal, that is, the FF02 signal from the second J-K flip-flop 10 is inverted at the rising edge of the clock signal each time the clock signal is inputted during the application of the digital data signal "1" (Refer to Fig.2(e)). The FF02 signal is thus set to logical "1", "0", "0", "1", "0" The FF01 (Refer to Fig.2(b)) described above and the FF02 (Refer to Fig.2(e)) signals thus obtained are inputted to the exclusive OR gate 11 where a logical operation is applied to both signals. A resulting polarity signal of logical "O", "1", "1", "0", "1" shown in Fig.2(f) is supplied to the output 12. Based on the polarity signal thus obtained and the digital data signal, the data driver 2 shown in Fig.3 and Fig.6 outputs predetermined data signals to the data lines. The circuits of Fig.l causes the polarity of the data signals outputted from the data driver 2 to be inverted only if the digital data signal is in a predetermined state, for example, it is 1. Therefore, in normally white mode, the polarity of the data signals is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into the dark state. On the other hand, in normally black state, the polarity of the data signals is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into the bright state. As is obvious from the above, according to the circuits of Fig.l, even if a pixel to be placed into the dark state in normally white mode (or the bright state in normally black mode) occurs every other data line, the polarity of the data signals can be inverted and thereby flickers can be removed. Further, with respect to a pixel to be placed into the dark state in normally white mode (or the bright state in normally black mode) within all pixels in one scanning direction, the number of data signals of positive polarity becomes equal to that of data signals of negative polarity and thereby cross talk can be reduced in the horizontal direction. In the above embodiment, the first and the second flip-flops 9 and 10 are of J-K type. However, it will be recognized that any type flip-flop may be used if it has the same function as in the J-K type. In the above embodiment, the exclusive OR gate is used as a circuit for a logical operation. However, it will be appreciated that any other circuit than the exclusive OR may be used if it has the same function as the exclusive OR gate. In the following, an embodiment of a LCD for gray scale display according to the present invention is described. In this embodiment, the digital data signal described above is represented by two or more bits. Fig.5 shows an example in which a 3-bit digital data signal is used. Referring to Fig.5, bit 0 which is a most significant bit of the digital data signal is supplied to the input 7. Other bits are inputted to the data driver 2 as they are. According to the circuits of Fig.5, for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into the darkest state in normally white mode (or a pixel to be placed into the brightest state in normally black mode), the polarity of the data signals outputted from the data driver 2 can be inverted. Now, it will be appreciated that a logical combination of all bits of the digital data signal may be supplied to the input 7. For example, bit 0 to bit 2 of a three-bit digital data signal are inputted to an OR gate, then the resultant value may be supplied to the input 7. In this way, each time a pixel to be placed into any one of multiple dark states in normally white mode (or a pixel to be placed into any one of multiple bright states in normally black mode) occurs, the polarity of the data signals outputted from the data driver 2 can be inverted. Such a logical combination of multiple bits of the digital data signal can be selected at will, as necessary. Fig.6 shows an example of a data driver which outputs predetermined data signals to data lines based on input of a polarity signal and a digital data signal obtained as a result of the application of the present invention. The example of Fig.6 shows a three-bit digital data signal. The data driver mainly comprises shift registers SR, latches L, and switches SW. In the example, since 4 bits are used including one bit of the polarity signal, four m-bit shift registers are needed if the number of data lines is m. Further, since gray scale consists of 8 levels including a reference level (white level in normally white or black level in normally black level), a total of 16 reference voltages 1 to 16 for 8 levels of positive polarity and 8 levels of negative polarity are needed. The same reference voltage may be used for reference levels of positive polarity and negative polarity. In this case, reference voltages can be decreased to 15. If a digital data signal is represented by one bit, that is, binary display, similarly 4 or 3 (if the same reference voltage is used for reference levels of positive polarity and negative polarity) reference voltages are needed. . Now, it will be appreciated that the method of the present invention may be used along with a method which inverts the polarity of data signals for each scan line, that is, for each row. In this way, flickers and cross talk can be more completely removed at the same time.

Claims: C L A I S 1. In a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the intersections of said scan and data lines, a method for driving said liquid crystal display apparatus being characterized in that the polarity of data signals outputted to said data lines is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state. 2. A method for driving the liquid crystal display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined state is a dark state in normally white mode. 3. A method for driving the liquid crystal display apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, wherein said predetermined state is a bright state in normally black mode. 4. A method for driving the liquid crystal display apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said dark state is a state by binary display. 5. A method for driving the liquid crystal display apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said bright state is a state in gray scale display. 6. A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the intersections of said scan and data lines, - ι: and a data driver for receiving a digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits and outputting a data signal to said data lines to drive said pixels and being driven by alternating current based on a polarity signal for controlling the polarity of the data signals outputted to said data lines, said liquid crystal display apparatus being characterized in that polarity signal inverting means for inverting said polarity signal each time said digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits becomes one predetermined state of multiple states is provided, whereby the polarity of the data signals outputted to said data lines is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state. 7. The liquid crystal display apparatus according to 6, wherein a pixel to be placed into said predetermined state is a pixel to be placed into a dark state in normally white mode. 8. The liquid crystal display apparatus according to 6 or 7, wherein a pixel to be placed into said predetermined state is a pixel to be placed into a bright state in normally black mode. 9. The liquid crystal display apparatus according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein said predetermined number of digital data signals represented by said predetermined number of bits is one. 10. The liquid crystal display apparatus according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein said predetermined number of digital data signals represented by said predetermined number of bits is 2 or more. 11. In a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix at the intersections of said scan and data lines, and a data driver for receiving a digital data signal represented by the predetermined number of bits and outputting a data signal to said data lines to drive said pixels, an apparatus for driving the liquid crystal display apparatus by alternating current wherein the polarity of data signals outputted to said data lines is controlled based on a polarity signal, characterized in that polarity signal inverting means for inverting said polarity signal each time the digital data signal represented by said predetermined number of bits becomes one predetermined state of multiple states is provided to invert the polarity of the data signals outputted to said data lines is inverted for each occurrence of a pixel to be placed into a predetermined state.

Inventors: YAMAGUCHI HIDEFUMI, YAMAGUCHI, HIDEFUMI
Applicants: IBM, IBM DEUTSCHLAND, IBM DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G09G3
IPC codes: G02F1, G09G3