ZOOM LENS SYSTEM FOR USE IN A COMPACT CAMERA

Abstract: A zoom lens having two units of lens components including from the object side a positive optical unit U1 and a negative optical unit U2. The positive optical unit U1 includes two lens subunits, a weak power subunit U1A, and a positive power subunit U1B, while the negative optical unit U2 consists of a negative lens component and provides most of the magnification change during zooming.

Description: ZOOM LENS SYSTEM FOR USE IN A COMPACT CAMERA TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to zoom lenses that while they may be used in general applications are particularly suitable for use in compact photographic devices. BACKGROUND ART Following the recent trend in the art to reduce camera bulk and size, there has been an increasing demand in shortening the camera length in the longitudinal direction. In the prior art, cameras with so-called short zoom lenses are known to be comprised of a front negative optical unit and a rear positive optical unit. Despite the small size of these systems, these systems have a serious drawback; namely a long back focal length. Even though the lens system itself may be short, a camera embodying the lens is inevitably necessarily bulky because of this long back focal length. In order to overcome this problem, improved zoom lenses have been proposed. These improved zoom lenses are comprised of two optical units. In order from the object side, these zoom lenses include an optical unit of positive power and an optical unit of negative power. However, the designs of this type typically have a large number of lens elements. This makes it difficult to construct a compact zoom lens. U.S. Patent 4,815,830 teaches that a zoom lens of this type may have a relatively small number of elements if the rear, negative optical unit consists of a negative meniscus lens element. U.S. Patent 4,936,661 issued to Ellis I. Betensky et al. on June 26, 1990 describes a zoom lens with a short back focal length and having, from front to rear, a positive optical unit and a negative optical unit. The positive optical unit consists of a negative front subunit and a positive rear subunit. U.S. Patents 4,836,660 and U.S. 4,720,179, issued June 6, 1989 and January 19, 1988, respectively, to Ito, show relatively complex zoom lenses also having a moving rear negative lens group. A front positive group is composed of a weak front negative optical unit which in turn is made up of several strong single element lens components. U.S. Patent 4,854,683, to Ozawa, issued August 8, 1989 has a fixed positive component between a rear negative lens group and the image plane in a construction otherwise somewhat similar to the Ito lenses. Other similar zoom lenses are shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,953,957, to Kobayashi, issued September 4, 1990; 4,889,416, to Yamada, issued December 26, 1989; 4,993,814, to Hata, issued February 19, 1991; 4,787,718, to Cho, issued November 29, 1988; 4,830,476 to Aoki, issued May 16, 1989; and 4,818,081 to Ito, issued April 4, 1989. These lenses are complex, have several correcting elements and as a consequence are limited in both aperture and focal length range. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a lens system which has a small number of lens elements and which is relatively simple while retaining a small size for the lens itself and for the camera. Most of the above-described lenses include a positive second subunit which moves during zooming, which positive unit contains the primary lens aperture stop. This results in an effective aperture at this positive unit which becomes proportionally larger as the focal length is increased unless the relative aperture of the entire lens is allowed to decrease substantially with the increase in focal length. If the focal length range is extended beyond 2 to 1, the problem is more severe, and correcting the aberrations for the larger aperture is not generally consistent with the desirability of compactness, low cost and general simplicity of design. According to the invention, these problems are solved by a zoom lens having two optical units of lens components. It includes from the object side, a first positive optical unit and a second negative optical unit. The zoom lens achieves zooming between a wide angle position and a narrow angle position by changing the distance between the first and second optical units. The first optical unit includes two optical subunits, a first, weak subunit having no strong lens component and positioned on the object side of the first optical unit and a second positive subunit following the first subunit. The second negative optical unit provides most of the magnification change during zooming and consists of a single negative lens component. The zoom lens satisfies the following condition: where Kj A is the power of the first subunit and K is the power of the zoom lens at its wide angle position. Also, according to the present invention, a small size zoom lens comprises: a first lens unit of positive refractive power including a front, subunit having weak refractive power, a second positive power subunit, the second subunit includes at least one lens element having positive refractive power, and an aperture stop located between said front and second subunit. The second lens unit is arranged on the image side of said first lens unit, and consists of a negative refractive power biconcave lens element. Zooming function is performed by varying the axial separation between said first lens unit and said second lens unit. According to preferred embodiments, the ratio | K IA / κ w| is equal to or greater than 0.4. According to some embodiments it is slightly negative and some it is slightly positive. For lowest cost and greatest simplicity, the preferred embodiment of the first subunit is a single element. In some of the embodiments, this element has at least one aspheric surface. The weak front optical subunit serves as an aberration corrector, but because of the weak power the aperture size of the second subunit can be small. The front element is typically negative. The negative front element is used to control the back focus of the zoom lens in the wide angle position. The aperture stop is positioned in front of the second subunit, e.g., close to the first optical unit. The aberration correcting ability of a separated first subunit is retained. Placing the aperture stop forward of the second subunit rather than behind it allows the second subunit to participate more fiilly in the correction of all aberations and assures a small front window. At the same time, the aperture stop can be placed close to the first optical subunit which minimizes the front unit's lens elements diameters and reduces or eliminates variation of entrance pupil position during zooming. With this invention, well corrected zoom lenses are obtained with apertures varying from f/8 to f/11 across a zoom range of about 2 to 1 using as few as three or four lens elements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention presented below, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figs. 1-10 are simplified schematic cross-sectional views of a zoom lens constructed according to ten embodiments of the present invention. BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The embodiments of the invention are shown in Figs. 1- 10 and are illustrated by a series of examples set forth in Tables 1- 10. In the drawings the surfaces R are numbered by subscripts from the front or object side of the lens to the rear or image side of the lens. The thickness of the lens elements T and the spacings S including the zooming space A between elements are also numbered from front to rear. In the tables, surfaces and thicknesses are listed on the same line as the surface preceding the thickness or spacing as the case may be. All indexes N e are for the green mercury e line of the spectrum at a wavelength λ e of 5461 A. V is the Abbe number of the lens elements. All of the examples contain two optical units, specified as Ui and U2 in the drawings. Subunits Uj A and \ \ ~ Q make up the first optical unit or group Uj and U2 is the second optical unit or group, hi the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 through 10, optical subunits UIA and UIB move together during zooming, and the space between these two optical subunits does not vary for zooming. These embodiments thus have the substantial advantage of requiring a much simpler zooming mechanism than would be required otherwise. However, in the broader aspects of the invention, it is contemplated that the air space between the optical subunits UIA and UIB mav be made to vary during zooming. Optical subunit UIA in each example is a single weak lens component which may or may not have aspheric surfaces. By "weak," it is meant that the power of a first subunit UI is smaller than the power of the first optical unit U\ so that the absolute value of the ratio of power, KJA > of the optical subunit UJA t0 e power, Ki, of the optical unit Ui is about 0.5 or less or In Examples 3 through 8 and 10, this subunit UIA is negative in power. In Examples 1, 2 and 9, it is slightly positive in power. In all examples, its power is less than 0.9 times that of the power of the entire lens K at its wide angle position. However, its power is preferably between 0.2 and 0.9, and it is more preferable that the power be between 0.4 and 0.9 times the power K w of the entire lens as is the case with the Examples 1 through 6, 9 and 10. The second lens subunit, UIB, is positive in all examples. It contains one or more lens elements. In Examples 1, 2 and 8, it contains two very slightly air-spaced elements. In example 10, it is a cemented doublet. In example 9, the air space between two lens elements is relatively large. In examples 3 through 7, it is a single lens element. The aperture stop is positioned between the first and second subunits UIA and UIB respectively. It facilitates correction of the lens especially at its telephoto position, as well as minimizing the aperture size of the second optical unit. This permits a numerical aperture f/11 at the long focal length position, while maintaining an aperture of at least f/8 at the short focal length position in a zoom lens having a range of 2. The second optical unit U2 is substantially negative in power. Its movement provides most of the change in focal length of the lens during zooming and consists of a single negative lens component. In four of the embodiments, i.e. examples 6, 8, 9 and 10, this element is biconcave and has a stronger surface facing the front and the weaker surface oriented towards the rear. These examples demonstrate that the lens system can be designed without the restriction that the rear negative unit be a meniscus lens element. Note that all of the examples are corrected across a zoom range of 2 with an effective aperture that varies from approximately f/8 to f/11. This range of apertures for a 3 or 4 element zoom lens suitable as an objective or taking lens for a 35mm camera is quite remarkable. KlA KlA .53 and - .35 !Kw Kl 20 REL. EF APER. 49.51 0.91 11.24 34.65 3.85 9.40 26.08 7.08 8.20 25 30 35 SURFACES EF BF Z. R1-R6 15.05 12.85 3.84 5 R7-R8 ■15.61 -16.67 -15.41 KlA lA .48 and - .28 » Kl REL. EF APER. 49.79 2.17 11.24 34.65 4.23 9.40 26.03 6.48 8.20 ASPHERIC EQUATION: CY 2 X - + DY 4 + EY 6 + FY 8 + GY .10 + HY 12 + IY .14 5 1 + (k+l)C V 0 5 KlA 0 - .819 and .52 w Kl REL. EF APER. 50.07 5.75 11.24 5 34.61 8.57 9.40 25.92 11.63 8.20 1 + 1- (k+l)C V 5 1 + \ l- (k+l)C 2 Y 2 SURFACES EF _1F Z. R1-R4 16.43 17.31 8.29 R5-R6 -19.85 -21.19 ■19.82 KlA KlA - .178 and - .11 w Kl REL. EF APER. 49.59 4.07 11.24 34.65 6.90 9.40 26.06 10.00 8.20 12 + IY 14 KlA KlA .76 and - .49 Kw Kl REL. EF APER. 49.61 6.51 11.24 34.63 9.37 9.40 26.05 12.49 8.20 EXAMPLE 7 TABLE 7 CLEAR SURFACE APER. RADIUS THICKNESS MATERIAL Rl 5.85 23.60 1.00 689312 R2 4.90 ASPHERE 1.30 4.41 DIAPHRAGM 3.68 R3 8.34 -57.10 3.00 713538 R4 9.76 -9.32 A R5 15.60 ASPHERE 2.00 575415 R6 21.20 -203.40 ASPHERIC EQUATION: CY 2 τ 8 10 .12 .14 + DY + EY + FY + GY + HY + IY SURFACES _EE_ BF JE R1-R4 16.43 17.31 8.29 R5-R6 ■19.85 ■21.19 ■19.82 KlA - .20 w REL. EF APER. 49.79 4.38 11.24 34.65 7.21 9.40 26.06 10.28 8.20 EXAMPLE 8 TABLE 8 CLEAR SURFACE APER, FADIPg THICKNESS MATERIAL Rl 5.54 -13.45 1.23 722293 R2 5.25 -19.27 1.00 4.68 DIAPHRAGM 1.01 R3 4.89 17.25 4.29 762270 R4 7.50 13.18 0.37 R5 8.49 17.12 5.91 623581 R6 11.50 -12.86 A R7 16.00 -10.27 1.50 517642 R8 22.16 356.34 SURFACES EF _1F _E R1-R6 17.24 16.49 9.05 R7-R8 ■19.23 •20.18 -19.25 KlA lA .39 and - .26 Kw Kl REL. EF APEft, 49.73 3.90 11.24 34.64 6.80 9.40 26.01 9.98 8.20 KlA KlA •*- .56 and - .32 Kw Kl REL. EF APER. 49.18 1.06 11.24 34.64 3.25 9.40 26.06 5.68 8.20 lA KlA - .57 and - .38 Kw Kl REL. ^F PER, 49.85 4.90 11.24 34.64 7.82 9.55 25.99 10.99 8.20 The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims. For example, the single element front lens forming subunit UIA could be divided into two or more very weak components. Similarly, one or more components of the first unit could be made into a doublet. Although, such minor changes are within the scope of the invention, they would detract from its simplicity. Thus, a single element first unit is preferred.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A zoom lens comprising two optical units of lens components including, from the object side, a first positive optical unit Ui and a second negative optical unit U2 and which zoom lens achieves zooming between a wide angle position and a narrow angle position by changing a distance between the first and the second optical units Ui and U2, said zoom lens charaterized in that: said first optical unit Ui including two optical subunits, a first, weak subunit UIA having no strong lens component, said weak first subunit UIA positioned on the object side of said first optical unit Uj and a second positive subunit UIB following said first unit; said second optical unit U2 having negative power, said . second optical unit U2 consisting of a single negative lens component; and said zoom lens satisfying the following condition where K A is the power of the first subunit and K w is the power of the zoom lens at its wide angle position. 2. A zoom lens according to claim 1, wherein said lens component of said second optical unit U2 is a single lens element. 3. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein the first subunit Uj A consists of a single negative component. 4. A zoom lens according to claim 3 wherein the first unit U as at least one aspheric surface. 5. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of I K IA / κ w| is greater than 0.4. 6. A zoom lens according to claim 5 wherein the first subunit Ui A consists of a single positive component. 7. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein an aperture stop is positioned towards the object from the second subunit UIB- 8. A zoom lens according to claim 3 wherein an aperture stop is positioned towards the object from the second subunit UIB- 9. A zoom lens according to claim 5 wherein an aperture stop is positioned towards the object from the second subunit UIB- 10. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein the second subunit UJB consists of a singlet. 11. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein the second subunit UJB consists of a doublet. 12. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein said second unit U2 consists of a single negative lens element. 13 A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein said single negative lens element is a biconcave lens element. 14. A zoom lens according to claim 1 wherein said first optical subunit Uj A i a single element having at least one aspheric surface. 15. A zoom lens according to claim 14 wherein the power of said first subunit K\ A is positive. 16. A zoom lens according to claim 14 wherein K.χ is negative. 17. A zoom lens comprising two optical units of lens components including, from the object side, a first positive optical unit U and a second negative optical unit U2 and which zoom lens achieves zooming between a wide angle position and a narrow angle position by changing the distance A between the first and the second optical units Ux and U2, said zoom lens characterized by: said first optical unit U including two optical subunits UXA and Uχβ > a first weak subunit UXA having no strong lens component, said first weak subunit UXA positioned on the object side of said first optical unit Uχ» and a second positive subunit UXB following said first unit U A; said second optical unit U2 having negative power, said second optical unit U2 consisting of a single negative lens component; and said zoom lens satisfying the following condition where Kx A is the optical power of the first subunit U A and I χ is the power of the first unit Uχ« 18. A compact zoom lens comprising: a first lens unit of positive refractive power Ux including a front subunit UXA having weak refractive power and a second rear positive power subunit Uχβ > said second subunit including at least one lens element having positive refractive power, an aperture stop located between said first and second subunits; and characterized by a second lens unit U2 arranged on the image side of said first lens unit Uχ > and consisting of a negative refractive power bi- concave lens element, wherein zooming is performed by varying the axial separation A between said first lens unit Ux and said second lens unit U2- 19. A compact zoom lens according to claim 18, wherein said second subunit UXB further includes a negative power lens element. 20. A compact zoom lens according to claim 19, wherein said positive lens element of said second subunit UXB and the negative power lens element of said second subunit UXB are uncemented. 21. A compact zoom lens according to claim 18, wherein said second subunit UXB includes a cemented doublet lens component, said doublet lens component consisting of a negative refractive power lens element cemented to a positive refractive power lens element. 22. A compact zoom lens according to claim 18, wherein ' said second subunit UXB consists of a negative refractive power lens element cemented to a positive refractive power lens element. 23. A compact zoom lens according to claim 18, wherein said front subunit UXA is of negative refractive power. 24. A compact zoom lens according to claim 19, wherein said front subunit UXA is of negative refractive power. 25. A compact zoom lens according to claim 22, wherein said front subunit UXA is of negative refractive power. 26. A compact zoom lens consisting of two lens units comprising: a first lens unit Ux of positive refractive power including at least one positive lens element and at least one negative lens elment separated by an aperture stop; and characterized by a single second lens unit U2 of negative refractive power arranged on the image side of said first lens unit Ux and consisting of a negative biconcave lens elment, strongly concave toward the front and more weakly concave towards the rear, wherein zooming is performed by varying the axial separation A between said first lens unit Ux and said single second lens unit U2. 27. A compact zoom lens comprising: a first lens unit Ux of positive refractive power including a subunit UXA having weak refractive power, a second positive power subunit UXB having stronger refractive power than that of said first subunit, said second subunit UXB including at least two lens elements, one of said lens elements having positive refractive power, and characterized by a second lens unit U2 arranged on the image side of said first lens unit Uχ 5 and consisting of a negative refractive power bi- concave lens element, wherein zooming is performed by varying the axial separation A between said first lens unit Ux and said second lens unit U2. 28. A compact zoom lens according to claim 27, wherein said biconcave element has a strongly concave surface oriented towards the front and a weaker surface oriented towards the rear.

Inventors: ESTELLE LEE ROY, ESTELLE, LEE, ROY
Applicants: EASTMAN KODAK CO, EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G02B15
IPC codes: G02B13, G02B15