Video signal encoder

Abstract: In an encoder for selectively receiving, blocking and coding by orthogonal transformation an image A with a screen aspect ratio of greater than 4:3 or an image B with a screen aspect ratio of 4:3, when the image A is entered, it is divided into a basic screen with an aspect ratio of 4:3 corresponding to a central portion of a screen and an additional screen other than the basic screen. Coding is controlled so that a sum of coded data quantity of a specified number of blocks m of orthogonal transformation of the basic screen and a specified number of blocks n of orthogonal transformation of the additional screen is within a specified data quantity x. When the image B is entered, the coding is controlled so that a coded data quantity of the same number of blocks of orthogonal transformation as the specified number of blocks of orthogonal transformation m of the basic screen of the image A is within the same data quantity as the specified data quantity x.

Description: The present invention relates to a high-efficiency encoder for encoding a video signal with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3 and a video signal with an aspect ratio of greater than 4:3 (for example, 16:9). Generally, the video signal is extremely large in the quantity of information, and in recording or transmitting, the quantity of information is reduced so that picture quality deterioration may not be obvious visually by high-efficiency coding (bit rate reduction coding). For example, an input video signal is blocked and transformed orthogonally, and coded by quantizing or variable length coding so that the coded data quantity may be constant (the coding data quantity supposed to be x) in every specified number of orthogonal transformation blocks (supposed to be m blocks). Examples of such bit-rate reduction techniques can be found in "Visual Communication & Image Processing '90", Proceedings SPIE, vol. 1360, no. 2/3 pages 765-776 M. Breeuwer et al" Source Coding of HDTV with compatibility to TV", which deals with splitting the signal into an interlaced compatible TV signal and three surplus signals used by the HDTV decoder. The quantisation, variable-length coding and run length coding of the 3 surplus signals are dealt with in detail. Also relevant to the present invention is EP-A-0 453 229 published 23/10/91, concerning a method for transmission of variable length code words. This document discloses an intraframe DCT coding system, capable of coding an ordinary 4 : 3 aspect ratio TV signal, which is used to code a compatible TV signal extracted from an HDTV signal. Such conventional constitution, however, is not flexible to be capable of encoding both signals with different aspect ratios such, for example, as a signal with the aspect ratio of 4:3 and a signal with the aspect ratio of 16:9. Usually, the signal with the aspect ratio of 16:9 is wider in frequency band than the signal with the aspect ratio of 4:3, and hence the input data quantity is greater. Therefore, in the conventional constitution, when both the signals with the aspect ratio 16:9 and aspect ratio 4:3 are controlled and coded so that the orthogonal transformation data of m blocks may be the constant coding data quantity x, the coding data quantity per unit time differs between the two type signals. It is hence a primary object of the invention to present, in the light of the above problems of the prior art, a video signal encoder capable of coping with both the aspect ratio of 4:3 and a greater aspect ratio (for example, 16:9), and equalizing the coding data quantity per unit time of both signals. To achieve the above object, the invention presents a video signal encoder comprising means for selectively receiving either an image A with a screen aspect ratio larger than 4:3 or an image B with a screen aspect ratio of 4:3, and means for subdividing in blocks and coding by orthogonal transformation said received image A or B, characterized by comprising: means for dividing the image A into a basic screen with the aspect ratio of 4:3, said basic screen corresponding to a central portion of the image A, and n additional screen other than the basic screen; control means for controlling said coding so that the coded data quantity per unit time of either said received image A or B is exactly the same, by controlling said coding so that the sum of the coded data quantity of a first specified number (m) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the basic screen and the coded data quantity of a second specified number (n) 'of orthogonal transformation blocks of the additional screen is within a specified data quantity (x) when the image A is received and by controlling said coding so that the coded data quantity of the same number (m) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the image B as the first specified number (m) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the basic screen of the image A is within said specified data quantity (x) when the image B is received; and coding means for coding orthogonal transformation data of the image A or image B depending on said control means. In this constitution, the specific coded data quantity x contains the coded data of the basic screen of exactly the same input data quantity as the image B with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3 and the coded data of the additional screen other than the basic screen, in the coded data of the image A. Still more, the number of orthogonal transformation blocks of the basic screen contained in the specific coding data quantity x is exactly the same number of blocks in the case of the image B. Hence, even if the image A greater in the input data quantity than the image B is entered, the coded data quantity per unit time is exactly the same. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a constitution of a video signal encoder in an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are signal composition diagrams of constituent elements for explaining the operation of the same embodiment. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a structure of a decoder for returning the data coded by the encoder back to the original image in an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a constitution of an encoder in an embodiment of the invention. The encoder is capable of selectively receiving both input signals of an image A of which screen aspect ratio is 16:9 and an image B with the aspect ratio of 4:3. First, the case of input of a signal with the aspect ratio of 16:9 is explained, followed by the case of input of a signal with the aspect ratio of 4:3. The constituent elements of the embodiment in Fig. 1 include an input terminal 1 for receiving an image A, a blocking device 2 for blocking the input video signal, an orthogonal transformer 3 for orthogonally transforming the blocked signals, a separator 4 for separating the orthogonally transformed blocked signals into blocks of a basic screen (aspect ratio 4:3) and blocks of an additional screen (side panels outside the basic screen), a coding control circuit 5 for determining the coding method so that the sum of data quantity after coding m blocks of the basic screen and n blocks of the additional screen may not be more than the specified data quantity x, a quantizing coding circuit 6 for quantizing and coding the orthogonal transformation data of m blocks of the basic screen and n blocks of the additional screen by the coding information obtained from the coding control circuit 5 and settling with the data quantity x, and an output terminal 7. The coding control circuit 5 comprises a data quantity calculator 51 for calculating the data quantity after coding in the unit of m blocks of the basic screen, a data quantity calculator 52 for calculating the data quantity after coding in the unit of n blocks of the additional screen, and a quantizer selector 53 for selecting a quantizer in which the total data quantity may not be more than the data quantity x from the coded data quantity of m blocks of the basic screen obtained from the data quantity calculator 51 and the coding data quantity of n blocks of the additional screen obtained from the data quantity calculator 52. The information of the quantizer selected by the quantizer selector 53 is sent to the quantizing coding circuit 6 as the coding information. The quantizing coding circuit 6 comprises a quantizer 61 for quantizing the orthogonal transformation data of the basic screen on the basis of the determination by the quantizer selector 53, an encoder 62 for coding the quantized data in variable length, a quantizer 63 for quantizing the orthogonal transformation data of the additional screen, an encoder for coding the quantized data in variable length, and a multiplexer 65 for multiplexing the coded data of the basic screen obtained from the encoder 62 and the coded data of the additional screen obtained from the encoder 64 and sending to the output terminal 7. The operation of this embodiment is described below. Fig. 2 shows a signal composition diagram of the constituent elements for explaining the operation of the embodiment. Diagram (a) in Fig. 2 denotes the positional relation of the basic screen and additional screen in the image A. The image A with the aspect ratio of 16:9 is divided into the basic screen with the aspect ratio of 4:3 in the central portion thereof, and the additional screen consisting of two regions adjacent to the basic screen at both right and left sides thereof. The blocking device 2 blocks the image A so as not to cross over the boundary of the basic screen and additional screen in (a), and the orthogonal transformer 3 transforms orthogonally in each block. The separator 4 separates thus orthogonally transformed block into the basic screen (b) and the additional screen (c). The coding control circuit 5 takes out m blocks from the basic screen (b) and n blocks from the additional screen (c), and controls so that the total orthogonal transformation data of m + n blocks may be the specific coding data quantity x. As shown in (a), the input data quantity of additional screen is equal to the portion extended in the width from the aspect ratio of 4:3 of basic screen to the aspect ratio of 16:9 of the image A. Therefore the ratio of the input data quantity of the basic screen and additional screen is 3:1. In this embodiment, hence, the number of blocks m taken out from the basic screen is 6, and the number of blocks n taken out from the additional screen is 2 (see (d) and (e) in Fig. 2). The data quantity calculator 51 preliminarily calculates the coded data quantity when the orthogonal transformation data for the portion of six blocks of the basic screen are quantized by plural quantizers prepared by this encoder and are further coded. Similarly, for two blocks of the additional screen, the coding data quantity is preliminarily calculated by the data quantity calculator 52. The quantizing selector 53 obtains the coding information by selecting the quantizer having the quantizing step width where the coding data quantity for six blocks of the basic screen and two blocks of the additional screen is not more than the specific coding data quantity x, on the basis of the coding data quantity calculated by the data quantity calculators 51, 52. Next, in the quantizing coding circuit 6, according to the coding information, the quantizer 61 and encoder 62, or the quantizer 63 and encoder 64 respectively quantizes and encodes the orthogonal transformation data of the basic screen and additional screen at the determined quantizing step width. The multiplexer 65 settles the coded data for the portion of six blocks of the basic screen and two blocks for the additional screen, within the frame of the coding data quantity x. At this time, depending on the signal components contained in each block, the data quantity in each block varies usually (for example, as in (f), (g) in Fig. 2). However, since the coded data quantity is preliminarily calculated by the coding control circuit 5, the coded data always settles with the data quantity x as in (h) in Fig. 2. In the multiplexer 65, the coded data of the basic screen and coded data of the additional screen are settled differently. That is, in (h) in Fig. 2, the coded data for six blocks of the basic screen are settled from the left end of the diagram, while the coded data of the additional screen are settled rightward, so that the coded data of the basic screen and additional screen can be distinguished within the data quantity x. Next, when the image B with the aspect ratio of 4:3 is entered, in the constitution shown in Fig. 1, coding is processed by using only the constituent elements for the basic screen in the image A. That is, the image B is identical in both aspect ratio and data quantity with the basic screen in the image A with the aspect ratio of 16:9, so that the processing for the basic screen may be directly applied. In this case, since nothing is fed into the block for processing of the additional screen, the coded data quantity by the data quantity calculator 52 is always zero, and only the coded data quantity of the data quantity calculator 51 is put out. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 3, the quantizer is determined so that the coded data of six blocks of the image B may be not more than the specified data quantity x, and quantizing and coding are executed by the quantizing coding circuit 6 (see Fig. 3). In this way, the image B with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3 is processed exactly the same as the basic image of the image A with the screen aspect ratio of 16:9, except that the compression rate is lower. Explained below is the decoding of the data once coded in the above process. Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the constitution of a decoder, in which the coded data (corresponding to (h) in Fig. 2 or 3) is entered from an input terminal 70 of the decoder. The operation is described below first in the case that the coded data is the image A. Being sent from the input terminal 70 to an inverse quantizing decoding circuit 60, the data is separated in this inverse quantizing decoding circuit 60 into the data of six blocks of the basic screen (corresponding to (f) in Fig. 2) and the data of two blocks of the additional screen (corresponding to (g) in Fig. 2) by a separator 605. The divided six-block data is decoded and inversely quantized (corresponding to (d) in Fig. 2) by a decoder 602 and an inverse quantizer 601, and is put out. On the other hand, the two-block data is decoded and inversely quantized (corresponding to (e) in Fig. 2) by a decoder 604 and an inverse quantizer 603, and is put out. The two signals from the inverse quantizing decoding circuit 60 are combined by a synthesizer 40 so that the screen may arrange the side signals at the aspect ratio of 16:9, and are further sent into an inverse orthogonal transformer 30 and an inverse blocking device 20, and put out from an output terminal 10. If the coded data entering through the input terminal 70 is the coded data of the image B with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3, it is the same as when only the data of six blocks of the basic screen of the image B is entered into the separator 605. There is, hence no data to be processed by the decoder 604 and inverse quantizer 603 in Fig. 4, and they do not operate. Therefore, the video signal obtained from the synthesizer 40 by the inverse orthogonal transformer 30 and inverse blocking device 20 is the image B with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3. In the decoder, meanwhile, the coded data to be entered through the input terminal 70 is the coded data of the image A with the screen aspect ratio of 16:9, but in the case explained below the video signal coming out of the output terminal 10 is the image B with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3. In the above constitution in Fig. 4, it is very simple, and the data to be processed by the decoder 604 and the inverse quantizer 603 may be set as no-signal. Such function is employed when reproducing on a monitor with the screen aspect ratio of 4:3 in decoding although the input signal when creating the coded data was image A, or when only the monitor of the screen aspect ratio of 4:3 was available in decoding. Thus, according to the embodiment, the coding processing may be shared by the basic screen with the aspect ratio of 16:9 and the data with the aspect ratio of 4:3, and in both cases the data quantity after coding may be set within the specified data quantity x. Furthermore, by decoding only the data of the basic screen out of the coded data with the aspect ratio of 16:9, it may be produced as the screen with the aspect ratio of 4:3. Meanwhile, by distinguishing whether the aspect ratio is 16:9 or 4:3 in the data after coding at the time of decoding, in the case of the aspect ratio of 16:9, the information for distinguishing the data of the basic screen and additional screen may be preliminarily multiplexed at the time of coding. In this embodiment, as the method of high-efficiency coding, the orthogonal transformation is employed, but other coding method such as predict coding may be equally employed.

Claims: A video signal encoder comprising means for selectively receiving either an image A with a screen aspect ratio larger than 4:3 or an image B with a screen aspect ratio of 4:3, and means (2,3) for subdividing in blocks and coding by orthogonal transformation said received image A or B, characterized by comprising: means (4) for dividing the image A into a basic screen with the aspect ratio of 4:3, said basic screen corresponding to a central portion of the image A, and an additional screen other than the basic screen; control means (5) for controlling said coding so that the coded data quantity per unit time of either said received image A or B is exactly the same, by controlling said coding so that the sum of the coded data quantity of a first specified number (m) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the basic screen and the coded data quantity of a second specified number (n) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the additional screen is within a specified data quantity (x) when the image A is received and by controlling said coding so that the coded data quantity of the same number (m) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the image B as the first specified number (m) of orthogonal transformation blocks of the basic screen of the image A is within said specified data quantity (x) when the image B is received; and coding means (6) for coding orthogonal transformation data of the image A or image B depending on said control means. The video signal encoder according to claim 1, wherein said coding means (6) comprises a first coding means (62) for coding orthogonal transformation data of the basic screen of the image A or the image B depending on the control means (5), and a second coding means (64) for coding orthogonal transformation data of the additional screen of the image A.

Inventors: JURI TATSURO, NISHINO MASAKAZU, OHTAKA HIDEKI, JURI, TATSURO, NISHINO, MASAKAZU, OHTAKA, HIDEKI
Applicants: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD, MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: H04N7
IPC codes: H04N11, H04N7, H04N3, G06T9