A container rod assembly

Abstract: A rod is sealingly guided through a sealing unit of a container. The sealing unit comprises a sealing ring accommodated within a groove. This groove (5) has a localization line (55) which has varying height above a reference plane axially fixed and orthogonal with respect to the axis of the cylinder of the spring strut. The groove is confined by two groove confining members (3, 4) which are shaped such that they can be manufactured by a non-cutting shaping process, such as injection-moulding or sintering.

Description: This invention relates to a shock absorber assembly comprising a container having a cavity confined by wall means and a cylindrical rod member having an axis and extending in axial direction through said wall means, said rod member passing adjacent said wall means through a sealing unit and being movable at least in an axial direction with respect to said container, said sealing unit comprising a radially inwards open annular groove adjacent an external cylindrical face of said rod member, said annular groove accommodating a sealing ring arrangement sealing said rod member with respect to said cavity, said annular groove being confined by two axially spaced and substantially axially oppositely directed annular side faces, and by a substantially radially inwards directed bottom surface, one of said side faces being nearer to said cavity, said side faces being undulated side faces following a localzation line around said axis, said side faces being substantially equidistant in axial direction along siad localization line, said localization line having variable distance from a reference plane axially fixed with respect to said container and perpendicular to the axis of said rod member. From DE-A-2 915 728 it is known to arrange the sealing means of a shock absorber in a motor-vehicle spring strut such that the pressurized fluid within a cylinder of the shock absorber unit exerts a compensating force onto the piston rod member at the location of the sealing unit, which compensating force at least partially compensates for the radial load. In this known arrangement, the sealing ring is guided along an undulated line which has variable axial distance from a reference plane fixed with respect to the shock absorber housing and perpendicular to the axis of the piston rod. The maximum height of the inner side of the respective sealing ring is located at a position located in alignment with the direction of the radial force. By this localization, the piston rod is subject on its side remote from the attack of the radial force to a compensation force. This compensation force is the result of an enlarged side face of the piston rod being subject to the pressure of the pressurized fluid. In the known embodiment, the sealing ring of the shock absorber unit is accommodated within a housing of a guiding and sealing unit of the shock absorber cylinder. In the DE-A-2 915 728 there is no disclosure as to the manufacturing of the groove. The normal way of manufacturing is a milling operation. Such a milling operation is complicated and expensive, if the groove is non-planar, i. e., if the axial distance of the groove from a reference plane is variable along the circumference of the groove. It is particularly difficult to define the angular location of the turning point of the groove accommodating the sealing ring. As a result thereof, it is possible that in the region of the turning points there occur either leakages of fluid or increased friction conditions. From EP-A-0 266 664 a sealing arrangement is known for sealingly guiding a rod member through a tubular part of a container. The sealing arrangement comprises sealing rings which are located between axially oppositely directed side faces of axially spaced sealing ring positioning members. These sealing ring positioning members are inserted into the opening of the tubular part, such that a groove accommodating the sealing ring arrangement is defined by three components, namely the tubular part and the two sealing ring positioning members. It is a primary aim of the present invention to facilitate the manufacturing of the above defined shock absorber assembly. For reaching this aim it is proposed in accordance with this invention that the sealing unit comprises two separate sealing groove confining members, a first one of the sealing groove confining members being a closed-loop confining member providing a first closed-loop side face and a second one of the sealing groove confining members being a further closed-loop confining member providing a second closed-loop side face. At least one of the confining members provides at least a portion of the bottom surface of the groove. The bottom surface of the groove closely adjoins both side faces. At least one of the sealing groove confining members has a shape such as to be formable by a non-cutting shaping process, such as one of a pressure-moulding process, an injection-moulding process, a sintering process, a die-casting process and a cold-shaping process. According to the present invention, it is easy to provide particular geometric forms of the groove. More particularly, sections of the groove which are parallel to a plane orthogonal with respect to the axis can be provided with the location and the circumferential length of these sections being selected in accordance with need. A further essential advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the turning points of the localization line can be located in well defined points or zones. At least one of the sealing groove confining members may be made from one of a synthetic plastics material and a metallic material. The sealing groove confining members may be provided with positioning means positioning said sealing groove confining members with respect to each other in a predetermined relative operational position and possibly positioning the entity of sealing groove confining members with respect to the container and to the rod member. More particularly, the sealing groove confining members may be provided with at least one of axially, radially and circumferentially effective positioning means. The complete bottom surface of the groove is provided by one of the sealing groove confining members. The positioning means may comprise first positioning means on a first one of the sealing groove confining members and second positioning means on a second one of the sealing groove confining members. These first positioning means and these second positioning means may be in direct mutual engagement. Further orientation means of at least one of the groove confining members may be helpful for positioning both sealing groove confining members with respect to the container. It is to be noted, however, that one of the sealing groove confining members may also be an integral part of the wall means. The sealing groove confining members may also be assembled with and positioned with respect to a common carrier member by respective positioning means. This carrier member may again be positioned in axial or/and radial or/and circumferential direction with respect to the container by further positioning means. According to a most appropriate embodiment, the at least two sealing groove confining members have interengaging annular positioning means for positioning the sealing groove confining members both in axial and radial direction in a relative operational position. In addition thereto, the sealing groove confining members may be positioned in an angular direction about the axis in a relative angular position by angular positioning means. These angular positioning means may comprise interengaging groove and spline means. According to an alternative embodiment, the angular positioning means may comprise a positioning pin intersecting with the sealing groove confining members. According to a further alternative embodiment, the angular positioning means may comprise a positioning ball engageable with ball engagement faces of the sealing groove confining members. According to a further embodiment, the at least two sealing groove confining members may be accommodated within a radially inner annular recess of an annular carrier member. E. g., the sealing groove confining members may be in sandwich arrangement within the annular carrier member. In such case, the sandwiched sealing groove confining members may be axially fixed within the carrier member by a cover member covering the annular recess at an axial end thereof. This cover member may be axially positioned by a should face of the carrier member. Moreover, axial positioning of the cover member may be obtained in that the cover member is axially fixed by the shoulder face in a first axial direction and by deformations of the carrier member in a second axial direction. The sealing ring means may comprise at least one sealing ring made of reinforced synthetic plastics material. Alternatively, the sealing ring means may comprise at least one sealing ring made of a lubricant-containing sintered bronze. The bottom face may have a polygonal contour about the axis. This is only one of several possibilities of fixing the angular location of the sealing ring means within the groove. According to a further aspect of the present invention the sealing ring arrangement is axially delimiting a circumferential gap located radially between the rod member and the container. The gap is filled with fluid contained within the cavity. The rod member may be subject in operation to a transverse load in a predetermined direction substantially transverse to the axis. This transverse load is at least partially compensated for by a compensation force exerted by the fluid within a predetermined angular range of the gap crossed by the transverse direction if the localization line has such shape as to provide an increased axial gap length of the circumferential gap within the angular range. Preferably, the localization line may be substantially parallel to the reference plane within the angular range. The localization line may have two substantially diametrically opposite sections substantially parallel to the reference plane. These opposite sections substantially parallel to the reference plane may have different circumferential lengths, in accordance with the compensation forces to be obtained. Moreover, the opposite sections substantially parallel to said reference plane may be asymmetrically located with respect to a common diameter through the axis. The one of the opposite sections having a larger circumferential length may be allocated to the angular range. The sealing unit may be located in a carrier member. This carrier member may provide an annular guiding face for the rod member. It is to be noted that the carrier member may be one of the sealing groove confining members. It is further to be noted that the carrier member may also be an integral part of the container. If the carrier member is a part separate from the container, the carrier member and the container member may be provided with positioning means for positioning the carrier member with respect to the container member in axial or/and radial or/and circumferential direction. The annular guiding face may be axially remote from said sealing ring arrangement. As the side faces are substantially equidistant in axial direction along the localization line, the configuration of the sealing ring means is most simple, because the sealing ring means have constant axial height along their complete circumference. The sealing ring means may be produced as substantially planar sealing ring means which are only reshaped when being inserted into the groove. This is particularly true, if the sealing ring means are made of a resilient material and have a simple cross-sectional form, such as a circular cross-sectional form (when regarded in a plane containing the axis). The sealing ring arrangement may have an axial height smaller or equal to the height of the annular groove and may be in direct contact with the rod member. The shock absorber unit may be a part of a spring strut of a motor-vehicle which is subject to transverse forces introduced by a respective vehicle wheel. The sealing unit may be angularly oriented with respect to the wall means by angular orientation means. This is of particular importance if the shock absorber or suspension strut unit has a predetermined orientation within a motor-vehicle construction and if, as a result thereof, a predetermined direction of transverse load exists. If, for example, in a suspension strut unit a wheel carrier element is combined with the container, there is also defined a predetermined load direction for the loads to be expected from wheel forces. Then one must take care that this load direction hits the container wall means at a location corresponding to the increased height of the gap. It is desirable for easy assembling of the strut unit to provide the above mentioned orientation means. The sealing unit may be accommocated within a closure unit provided adjacent an axial end of said container. The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of the disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention. The invention will be explained in greater detail hereafter with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a section through a sealing unit; Fig. 2 is a top view of a slantingly disposed sealing ring with plane-parallel peripheral regions of different sizes; Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the slantingly disposed sealing ring of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is the top view of a slantingly disposed sealing ring with asymmetrically mounted plane-parallel peripheral regions; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the sealing ring of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view through a sealing unit with a pin as a positioning element; Fig. 7 is a sectional view through a sealing unit with a ball as a positioning element; Fig. 8 is a sectional view through a further embodiment of a sealing unit; Fig. 9 is a section according to line IX-IX of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a section through a shock absorber unit of a spring strut with a sealing unit of the present invention. Fig. 1 represents a sectioned sealing unit 2. This sealing unit consists of an upper part 3 and a lower part 4. The groove 5 which receives the seal 7,8 is defined by an upper side face 50, a lower side face 51 and a bottom surface 52. The upper side face 50 and the bottom surface 52 are provided on the upper part 3. The lower side face 51 is provided on the lower part 4. Such, the upper part 3 and the lower part 4 can be regarded as groove confining members 3 and 4. The groove confining members 3 and 4 are radially centered with respect to each other by interengaging annular faces at 53 and are axially positioned with respect to each other by axial positioning faces at 54. The groove 5 is radially open in inwards direction. The groove 5 accommodates a sealing ring 7, which is backed and tensioned by an O-ring 8. The groove confining members 3 and 4 are annularly closed and can be easily manufactured in spite of the selected form of the groove. The selected form of the groove can be defined in saying that a localization line 55 has a varying height h above a reference plane 56. The groove confining members 3 and 4 can be easily manufactured with the respective faces 50, 51 and 52 by a moulding or sintering process. Fig. 2 shows in connection with Fig. 3 a sealing ring 7 in the incorporated position as an individual part. The plane-parallel peripheral regions 9 may be matched to the magnitude of side forces. It follows from this that the turning points 10 of the sealing ring 7 are shifted in the direction of the smaller loading. The turning points 10 of the sealing ring 7 may be locally tensioned at the bottom of the groove by specific measures. It may be possible to use polygonally extending annular grooves in the sealing unit 2. Fig. 4 illustrates in conjunction with Fig. 5 a further advantageous construction of the annular groove. The plane-parallel peripheral regions 9 of the sealing ring 7 are arranged asymmetrically. Thereby, influences connected with the axial suspension - particularly when running around curves - can be taken into consideration, whereby the effect of the sealing can be used in further optimized manner. In Fig. 6, the groove confining members 103 and 104 are provided within a carrier member 111. This carrier member 111 has additionally the function of a guide member and is provided with a guiding sleeve 112. The groove confining members 103,104 are accommodated within an annular internal recess 158 of the carrier member 111. The groove 105 accommodates sealing ring means as illustrated in Fig. 1. A further sealing ring 119 is provided between the carrier member 111 and the groove confining member 103. A positioning pin 115 is engaged with the carrier member 111 and the groove confining members 103,104. Fig. 7 shows a further sealing unit comprising a carrier member 211 with a guiding sleeve 212. An internal annular recess 258 accommodates the groove confining members 203 and 204. The groove 205 is again confined by these groove confining members 203,204. The groove confining members 203,204 are axially located by a cover plate 217. This cover plate 217 is axially upwards supported by a shoulder face 218 of the carrier member 211. In the downwards direction, the cover plate 217 is axially supported by caulking lugs 220. The upper groove confining member 203 is sealed with respect to the carrier member 211 by a sealing ring 219. For angular positioning of the groove confining members 203,204, a ball member 216 is provided which is introduced through a bore 221 of the carrier member 211 and engages spherical positioning faces of the groove confining members 203,204. The ball 216 can be introduced after prepositioning the carrier member 211 and the groove confining members 203,204 by a pin-like tool. Hereafter, the ball 216 is driven into the bore 221. The groove confining member 204 may be made by an economic plastic injection-moulding process. In this case, the cover plate 217 protects the groove confining member 204 against damage during the formation of the caulking lugs 220. In the embodiment of Fig. 8, the carrier member 311 is provided with the side face 350, whereas the side face 351 of the groove 305 is provided by the groove confining member 304. The groove 305 again accommodates the sealing ring 307 and the O-ring 308. For axial fixation of the groove confining member 304, the cover plate 317 is maintained on the shoulder face 318 by the caulking lugs 320. The sliding sleeve 312 is pressed into the carrier member 311. From Fig. 9, one can see that the groove confining member 304 is angularly centered with respect to the carrier member 311 by an axial groove 313 of the carrier member 311 and by a spline 314 of the groove confining member 304. In Fig. 10, there is shown a completed spring strut of a motor-vehicle with a further embodiment of a sealing unit. The spring strut comprises an outer cylinder 460 which is combined with a wheel carrier element 461. An inner cylinder 462 is centered with respect to the outer cylinder 460 by a carrier member 411. This carrier member 411 is sealed with respect to the outer cylinder by a sealing ring 463 and with respect to the inner cylinder by a sealing ring 464. The upper end of the outer cylinder 460 is crimped over the carrier member 411. The carrier member 411 is provided with a sliding sleeve 412. A piston rod 465 is introduced into the cavity 466 within the inner cylinder 462 through the carrier member 411 and is radially supported by the sliding sleeve 412. A sealing groove 405 is defined by a side face 451 on the carrier member 411, by a side face 450 of a groove confining member 403 and by a bottom surface 452 of the carrier member 411. The groove confining member 403 is accommodated within an internal annular recess 458 of the carrier member 411. In downwards direction, the groove confining member 411 is secured by the inwards crimped portion 460a of the outer cylinder 460. The groove confining member 403 is angularly located with respect to the carrier member 411 by groove and spline means 468. The carrier member 411 is angularly located with respect to the outer cylinder 460 and with respect to the wheel carrier 461 by a spherical depression 469 engaging into a groove 470 of the carrier member 411. The annular groove 405 accommodates a sealing ring 407 and an O-ring 408. The piston rod 465 is provided with a diagrammatically illustrated piston unit 471. The cavity 466 is filled with pressurized liquid. This pressurized liquid can pass through the sliding sleeve 412 up to the sealing ring 407. It is easily understandable that the left-hand half of the cylindrical surface 473 of the piston rod 465 is subject to the pressure of the liquid on a larger height than the right-hand half of this cylindrical surface. Therefore, the liquid pressure exerts a resulting force K as illustrated by the arrow K. This is due to the undulated location of the sealing ring 407. Assuming now that a side force F is exerted on the spring strut by the respective vehicle wheel, one can understand that this side force is substantially compensated for by the hydraulic compensating force K. Such, the sealing ring 407 is prevented from overload. Friction of the axially moving piston rod 465 in the left-hand side of the drawing is reduced. Wear of the sealing ring 407 is also reduced. It is easily understandable that one can optimize the resulting compensation force K by appropriate positioning of the planar sections 9 as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. The precise location of this planar sections 9 is selected according to the specific conditions of the wheel suspension including the spring strut. A liquid which might escape through the sealing ring 407 is collected in an annular space 474 and can return to the annular space 475 by a channel 476,477 through the carrier member 411. The annular space 475 is partially filled with liquid in its lower part and partially filled with air in its upper part. The limit between the liquid and the air is indicated by 478. It can easily be understood that the unit comprising the cylinders 460 and 462 and the piston rod 465 could also be encapsulated within an external housing, in which case the wheel carrier element 461 is fixed to said external housing (not shown). In this case, a further angular positioning would be necessary between the cylinder 460 and the external housing. Considering now simultaneously Fig. 10 and Fig. 2 it is preferable to have the longer angular section 9 of the sealing ring 7 positioned on the left-hand side of Fig. 10 such that a high compensation force K can be obtained with a relatively small height difference of the localization line 455 between the left-hand side and the right-hand side of Fig. 10. While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles. The reference numerals in the claims are only used for facilitating the understanding and are by no means restrictive.

Claims: A shock absorber assembly comprising a container (460,462) having a cavity (466) confined by wall means (460,462,411) and a cylindrical rod member (465) having an axis and extending in axial direction through said wall means (460,462,411), said rod member (465) passing adjacent said wall means (460,462,411) through a sealing unit (405,407,408) and being movable at least in an axial direction with respect to said container, said sealing unit (405,407,408) comprising a radially inwards open annular groove (405) adjacent an external cylindrical face (473) of said rod member (465), said annular groove (405) accommodating a sealing ring arrangement (407,408) sealing said rod member (465) with respect to said cavity (466), said annular groove (405) being confined by two axially spaced and substantially axially oppositely directed annular side faces (450,451) and by a substantially radially inwards directed bottom surface (452), one (451) of said side faces (450,451) being nearer to said cavity (466), said side faces (450,451) being undulated side faces following a localization line (455) around said axis, said side faces (450,451) being substantially equidistant in axial direction along said localization line (455), said localization line (455) having variable distance (h) from a reference plane (456) axially fixed with respect to said container (462) and perpendicular to the axis of said rod member (465), characterized in that said sealing unit (405,407,408) comprises two separate sealing groove confining members (403,411), a first one (403) of said sealing groove confining members (403,411) being a closed-loop confining member (403) providing a first closed-loop side face (450) and a second one (411) of said sealing groove confining members (403,411) being a further closed-loop confining member providing a second closed-loop side face (451), at least one (411) of said confining members (403,411) providing at least a portion of said bottom surface (452) of said groove (405), said bottom surface (452) of said groove (405) closely adjoining both said side faces (450,451), at least one of said sealing groove confining members (403,411) having a shape such as to be formable by a non-cutting shaping process, such as one of a pressure-moulding process, an injection-moulding process, a sintering process, a die-casting process and a cold-shaping process. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 1, at least one of said sealing groove confining members (403,411) being made from one of a synthetic plastics material and a metallic material. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 1 or 2, said sealing groove confining members (403,411) being provided with positioning means (458,468) positioning said sealing groove confining members (403,411) with respect to each other in a predetermined relative operational position. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 3, said sealing groove confining members (403,411) being provided with at least one of axially, radially and circumferentially effective positioning means (458,468). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-4, the complete bottom surface (452) of said groove (405) being provided by said at least one (411) of said sealing groove confining members (403,411). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 3-5, said positioning means (313,314) comprising first positioning means (314) on a first one (304) of said sealing groove confining members (304,311) and second positioning means (313) on a second one (311) of said sealing groove confining members (304,311), said first positioning means (314) and said second positioning means (313) being in direct mutual engagement. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 3-5, said at least two sealing groove confining members (203,204) being assembled with and positioned with respect to a common carrier member (211) by respective positioning means (216). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 3-7, said at least two sealing groove confining members (403,411) having interengaging annular positioning means (458) for positioning said sealing groove confining members (403,411) both in axial and radial direction in a relative operational position. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 8, said sealing groove confining members (403,411) being positioned in an angular direction about said axis in a relative angular operational position by angular positioning means (468). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 9, said angular positioning means comprising interengaging groove and spline means (313,314). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 9, said angular positioning means comprising a positioning pin (115) intersecting with said sealing groove confining members (103,104). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 9, said angular positioning means (216) comprising a positioning ball (216) engageable with ball engagement faces of said sealing groove confining members (203,204). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-12, said at least two sealing groove confining members (203,204) being accommodated within a radially inner annular recess (258) of an annular carrier member (211). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 13, said sealing groove confining members (203,204) being in sandwich arrangement within said annular carrier member (211). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 14, said sandwiched sealing groove confining members (203,204) being axially fixed within said carrier member (211) by a cover member (217) covering said annular recess (258) at one axial end thereof. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 15, said cover member (217) being axially positioned by a shoulder face (218) of said carrier member (211). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 16, said cover member (217) being axially fixed by said shoulder face (218) in a first axial direction and by deformations (220) of said carrier member (211) in a second axial direction. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-17, said sealing ring means (7,8) comprising at least one sealing ring (7) made of reinforced synthetic plastics material. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-18, said sealing ring means (8) comprising at least one sealing ring (7) made of a lubricant-containing sintered bronze. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-19, said bottom surface (52) having a polygonal contour about said axis. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-20, said sealing ring arrangement (407,408) axially delimiting a circumferential gap located radially between said rod member (465) and said container (460,462), said gap being filled with fluid contained within said cavity (466), said rod member (465) being subject in operation to a transverse load (F) in a predetermined direction substantially transverse to said axis, said transverse load being at least partially compensated for by a compensation force (K) exerted by said fluid within a predetermined angular range of said gap crossed by said transverse direction, said localization line (55) having such shape as to provide an increased axial gap length of said circumferential gap within said angular range. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 21, said localization line (55) being substantially parallel to said reference plane (56) within said angular range. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-22, said localization line (55) having two substantially diametrically opposite sections (9) substantially parallel to said reference plane (56). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 23, said opposite sections (9) substantially parallel to said reference plane (56) having different circumferential lengths. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 24, one of said opposite sections (9) having a larger circumferential length being allocated to said angular range. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 24 or 25, said opposite sections (9) substantially parallel to said reference plane (56) being asymmetrically located with respect to a diameter through said axis. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-26, said sealing unit (405,407,408) being located in a carrier member (411), said carrier member (411) providing an annular guiding face (412) for said rod member (465). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-27, said carrier member (411) being one of said sealing groove confining members (403,411). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 27 or 28, said annular guiding face (412) being axially remote from said sealing ring arrangement (407,408). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-29, said sealing ring arrangement (407,408) having an axial height smaller or equal to the height of the annular groove (405) and being in direct contact with the rod member (465). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-30, said shock absorber unit being part of a spring strut of a motor-vehicle and being subject to transverse forces (F) introduced by a respective vehicle wheel. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-31, said sealing unit (405,407,408) being angularly oriented with respect to said wall means (460,462,411) by angular orientation means (469,470). A shock absorber assembly as set forth in claim 32, said orientation means defining an angular orientation of said sealing unit (405,407,408) with respect to a wheel carrier element (461) of said spring strut. A shock absorber assembly as set forth in one of claims 1-33, said sealing unit (405,407,408) being accommodated within a closure unit (411) provided adjacent an axial end of said container (460,462).

Inventors: FENN GERALD DIPL-ING FH, PRADEL ROBERT DIPL-ING FH, FENN, GERALD, DIPL.-ING. (FH), PRADEL, ROBERT, DIPL.- ING. (FH)
Applicants: FICHTEL & SACHS AG
Application year: 1992
Main classification: F16F9
IPC codes: F16F9, F16J15