ERGONOMICALLY IMPROVED CHAIR OR ARMCHAIR

Abstract: A chair (1), of the type having both the armrests (7) and the backrest (6) adjustable, is improved under an ergonomic viewpoint as the adjustment occurs while maintaining armrests (7) and backrest (6) integral to each other. Thereby the distance between the height of the Lumbar Leaning region on the backrest (6) and the Leaning zone of the elbows in the armrests (7) is constant, which distance has been found in effect to be substantially the same for every stature of the sitting person. The armrests (7) and the backrest (6) can be formed by a single piece or made integral in correspondence with a supporting structural interface to which such chair (1) components are connected by different ways, thereby allowing to remove and replace any of these components. In case such an ergonomic chair is adjustable as to the height, the improvement provides for a seat front (2b) portion tiltable with respect to the seat rear portion (2a), connected to the backrest (6), with an angle depending on the chair height adjustment. This is obtained by variously connecting said seat front (2b) portion with the fixed part of the chair support. Preferably such connection is in turn adjustable, so that the variation law of said angle as a function of the seat height can be modified at the user's will and in particular according to his height.

Description: "ERGONOMICALLY_IMP OVED_CHAIR_OR_ARMCHAIR" The present invention relates to a chair having adjustable armrests and backrest, ergonomi ca I ly improved as, by a single adjusting control, the height of the backrest can be changed as a function of the stature of the sitting person, whereby modifying at the same time also the height of the armrests such to maintain optimum both the resting of the back in the lumbar region and the Leaning of the elbows on the armrests. Furthermore for an ergonomic chair being adjustable as to the height the invention provides for a seat front portion ti ltable as a function of said height adj ustment . It is known that a great number of chairs, espe- cially for use in an office and particularly suitable for typists and computer operators, or also for meet¬ ing-rooms and the like, have a backrest adjustable as to the height to keep correct, in accordance with the user's stature, the resting of the back, which takes place in the lumbar vertebras region. By means of ergonomic researches it was found that such height corresponds to a third of the height of a sitting person ' s t runk . It is known as well that also the armrests of the chairs which are provided therewith are preferably adjustable in height, either integrally to each other or independently, in order to ensure a correct leaning of the sitting person's elbows. But on the other hand • it is necessary, to the aim of reaching an ergonomical- ly valid result and to avoid uncomfortable postures, which are tiring or such to cause, in time, physical malformations, that the armrests adjustment is combin- ed with a backrest adjustment or viceversa, as a fun¬ ction of the stature of the chair user. Naturally it is not easy to adjust armrests and backrest one by one, for both the difficulty of the operation to be executed, and the uncertainty of the obtained result, which often can involve additional adjusting opera¬ tions. In addition chair-s or armchairs for use in an offi¬ ce or the like are known which have a function allow- ing the height of a seat portion to be freely changed in accordance with the physique of a sitt ng person, the height of a desk employed and so forth. It is known as well that chairs having a swingable backrest exist in which a seat front portion can be tilted downwards, thus avoiding the raising of the user's legs, either in a suitably adjustable way, or because said portion is hinged freely with respect to the rest of the seat and it can be lowered by means of a certain pressure exerted by a lower region of the th ghs of the user himself. There are also chairs in which a seat front portion is permanently tilted down¬ wards with a fixed angle, but clearly without any utility, as it results in a shorter seat, i.e. lacking said front portion. From EP~A~0309707 another ergonomic chair is known, adjustable in height, in which the seat tilting angle changes as a function of the seat height by swinging along an arc of circumference about a center of rota¬ tion substantially coincident with the center of gra- vity of a person sitting on the chair itself. In that case the effect is very comfortable, however remaining unsolved the problem that, as the slope of the whole seat with respect to the backrest, is changed, as a function of the height of the seat itself, the user is necessari ly caused to exert, in case of consider¬ able ti lting angles, a certain force on the rest areas in order to avoid a downward sliding along an inclined plane formed by the seat itself, in spite of fixed position of the center of gravity. Thus the user must exert a pressure both on the floor by his feet and on the seat rear portion by his ischial region in order to stay in a balanced position, which however may involve some discomfort and a non-negligible fatigue. To solve the first problem, the present invention intends to . make use of the surprising observation made by the present inventor after various antropome- trie measurements, that the difference between the height of the lumbar leaning zone, equivalent to a third of the height of a sitting person's trunk, and the height of the elbow lower region or leaning region on the armrests, in the great majority of the cases is substantially constant for people having different stature . Thus according to the present invention a chair having both armrests and backrest adjustable integral¬ ly to each other has been conceived, such to maintain constant the difference between the heights of respecti' vely the armrest and the zone for the lumbar leaning, with respect to the seat. This can be accomplished by providing the seat armrests and backrest in a single piece, or operating onto a single support of these structural components, from which anyhow each element can be removed or into which re-inserted for the re- placement. Another object of the present invention is to provi ¬ de a chair, of the type which is adjustable in height, and possibly having a swinging backrest, whose seat has a front portion with a slope automatically change¬ able as a function of the height adjustment, thereby overcoming the drawbacks which remain unsolved by means of the solutions given by the prior art, such that the seat rear portion is always subtantially horizontal, irrespective of the height adjustment and the consequent tilting of the front portion, thus avoiding the downward sliding of the body which can stay in its erect or slightly backward bent position, while a correct leaning of the seat front portion to the thighs lower region is ensured. In particular the tilting angle of the seat front portion may change with the height of the seat itself according to a ratio that can be modified at will by an adjustment to be executed once and for all by the user in function of his height, or every time it is required by particular circumstances to let the user assume a more comfortable position. These and other objects, advantages and characteri¬ stics of the present invention will be clearer from the following detailed description with reference to the annexed drawings in which: F 3_UR_E_S__J.a and 1_b represent respectively three people of different stature and sitting on a seat adjustable in height for maintaining optimum ergonomic conditions, and a diagram which represents, as the person's stature increases, the height of the lumbar leaning region, computed as a third of the trunk height, and the height at which the armrest must be adjusted for a correct posture of the sitting person; £I_G_URE_2 shows a schematic view of a chair having adjustable armrests and backrest according to the pre¬ sent invention; F_I_GJJ_R_E__3 shows a schematic view of a different embodiment of the adjustable chair according to this i nventi on; L G JL R . _ s _ a __aQ.?___-_! show how the seat position of a chair adjustable as to the height is changed, accord¬ ing to the invention, when the seat is adjusted at different heights for either the same person or people having the same stature; £ϊ§l_EiS__5_a___ajι ι d__5b show the different positions that a seat can take on, according to an embodiment of the present invention, for two people having dif¬ ferent height both sitting at the same height of the seat; and show respectively three dif¬ ferent examples of how a personalized modification of the seat front portion slope as a function of the height, according to figs. 5a, 5b, can be accomplished. In fig. 1a three people are shown, sitting on a seat of a chair adjustable in height, and respectively of a small, medium and great stature w ich may corre¬ spond to heights of about 150, 170 and 190 cm. It can be considered that only 5 % of adult people have a stature Lower than the considered minimum of 150 cm and likewise only 5 % of them are taller than the con¬ sidered maximum of 190 cm. For each of the three peo- pie represented, A denotes the height from the seat, i.e. from the respective ischiatic region Leaning on the seat, of the respective lumbar region that leans on the backrest, wh ch height, according to antropo- metric considerations, is assumed equivalent to a third of the full-height of a sitting person's trunk. Furthermore B denotes the height of the elbow from the seat, corresponding to the height which the adjust¬ able armrest should assume in accordance with the person's stature. Fig. 1b shows the diagrams of the variation of values A and B as a function of a person's stature, valid at Least within the above-cited limits of 150- 190 cm, thus leaving out only the people having a percentile of less than 5% and higher than 95%. As it can be seen in fig. 1b, the d fference between the vaLues A and B corresponding to a certain stature is always constant, at least within the above-mentioned limits. Therefore an adjustment which maintains con- stant this difference is perfectly consonant with the antropometri c data and ergonomic requirements of a sitting person and this can be carried out for instan¬ ce by maintaining .integral to each other the backrest and the armrests, which can be formed in a single piece as shown in fig. 2. Referring to this figure, a chair 1 is shown having a supporting base 5 mounted on castors 5a, with respect to which the chair is adjustable in height by means of an adjustment post 4, a supporting structure 3 which bears a seat 2 and a backrest 6 with armrests 7. The seat 2 can be tilt- able as a function of the adjustment height and backr- est 6 can swing backwards but anyhow, according to the present invention, armrests 7 are formed in a single piece with backrest 6, and therefore an adjust¬ ment in height of the Latter on supporting structure 3 involves the same variation in height for armrests 7 thus maintaining the relation required by the dia¬ gram in f ig . 1b . The adjustment in height can be accomplished in any known way, for instance by a knob which blocks, at a desired height, the backrest 6 which can slide with respect to the vertical portion of supporting structure 3, but also providing an electric motor or a pump for a pressure adjustment. The embodiment in fig. 2 is surely simple and practical, by allowing to adopt interesting solutions under the "design" view point, but anyway it remains an embodiment which in¬ volves a certain structural rigidity with a single piece having a certain encumbrance and intended to be replaced, when necessary, as a whole. According to fig. 3, wherein an adjustable chair is shown and components equal to those shown in fig. 2 have been denoted by the same reference number, it is proposed an embodiment which provides a structural interface between backrest 6 and armrests 7, thus allowing the independence thereof. Such interface consists for instance of a sleeve 8 integral with backrest 6 and separately with supports 9 of the two armrests 7, whi lst it is ad ustable in height with respect to structure 3, against which it can slide and be blocked at a desired position. This allows to have the armrests independent from the backrest, and therefore a Less bulky whole, as well as the possibi¬ lity of separately inserting and removing them with the advantage of possibly replacing them irrespective of backrest 6. Obviously even this one could be pos¬ sibly replaced, while maintaining the same armrests 7 after having removed sleeve 8 from structure 3. Referring now to figs. 4a and 4b, wherein the same numeral references are adopted for the same elements of figs. 1-3, a chair 1 is shown of the type adjust¬ able as to the height and having a base 5 mounted on castors 5a and a vertical post 4 supporting a raisable portion 9 of the chair. The post 4 can be fixed in any known way, at different heights with respect to fixed base 5, thus causing to correspondingly raise and Lower the portion 9 which consists of a backrest 6 and a seat rear portion 2a represented integral therewith, as well as a seat front portion 2b hinged to said portion 2a, thereby assuming a different slope th respect thereto. The chair seat 2 is comprisec of said portions 2a, 2b. As it is seen in figs. 4a and 4b, when the height of portion 9 increases, seat front portion 2b, initial¬ ly horizontal or slightly tilted upwards in correspon¬ dence of the Lowest position in fig. 4a, tilts down¬ wards, as shown in fig. 4b, thus ensuring the feet to correctly rest on the floor and avoiding an excessive pressure of said portion 2b against the Lower region of the user's thighs. Thus, when a person wants tc take on a higher sitting posture, being for instance in front of a higher desk or work surface, he must only operate the usual height adjusting devices to obtain at the same time a correct ti lting of the seat front portion 2b, as shown in fig. 4b. At the same ti e the ischial region, on which a lot of the weight and the center of gravity itself of the person lean, will stay on the same vertical line of the seat rear side 2a, substantially horizontal or preferably inte¬ gral with backrest 6, and then possibly with a slight backward tilting if the backrest can swing, anyhow without any downward and forward inclined component which would involve the sliding of the sitting person like on an inclined plane, thus forcing him to make an effort to balance himself. The automatic tilting of seat front portion 2b as a function of the height of portion 9 can occur in different ways, for instance simply by means of an arm hinged at one end on the fixed supporting base 5 and at the other end on the tiltable portion 2b itself. Therefore, as the height increases, e.g. from L1 to L2 (figs. 4a and 4b), the distance between said portion 2b and fixed base 5 would increase as well, whi lst if these two portions are linked to each other by means of a rigid arm, the variation of the angle of the seat front side 2b with respect to the rear side 2a follows automatically. Referring to figs. 5a and 5b, it is shown the pos- sibi lity, according to the present invention, to ob¬ tain a different slope of seat portion 2b at the same height L for two people having different height. In fact, whi le for the person in fig. 5b the seat front portion 2b is perfectly lined-up with the other por- tion 2a in correspondence with a height L of the seat, for the smaller person in fig. 5a, the same height L involves a tilting of front portion 2b, thereby still ensuring to lean on the floor his feet, which otherwi¬ se would remain raised, and to have a correct sitting posture. This is obtained by providing the personaliz- ed adjustment of the slope of the seat mobile portion 2b, in practice the possibility to change at will the Length of said Link arm which connects base 5 and portion 2b (figs. 6a-6c) . At it is shown in figs. 6a-6c, the arm 7 may be provided with an adjusting device to make possible the modification of the variation law of the tilting angle of seat portion 2b as a function of the height, whereby a greater or smaller tilting of front side 2b can correspond to the same height of the whoLe seat 2. For instance, according to fig. 6a, the connecting arm 7a has, at one end thereof, an articulated plate or link rod 8a which is fixable at different angles, thereby causing the length of arm 7a to correspond¬ ingly increase until a maximum length obtained by the alignment with plate 8a. In fig. 6b such a changing is obtained by means of a pin fixable within a slot 8b whose length corresponds to the maximum change obtainable. In fig. 6c the arm is instead replaced in practice by a piston-cylinder system 7c wherein piston 8c can be made integral, by known means, with cylinder 7c, from a position in which it is fully retracted until a position of full projection corresponding to a maximum Length. Now it is clear that a person of small height will adjust the Length of arm 7 at the Lower values thereof, thereby causing anyhow a greater donward tilting of front portion 2b to correspond to a changing in height of the seat, whereas the contrary wi ll occur for a taller person. If the chair is always used by the same person an adjustment of this kind may be carried out once and for all, obviously without excluding that in particular circumstances the user can modify at his wi ll the way in which the slope of the seat changes with the height thereof. The chair 1 of figs. 4a-6C has been represented without armrests, but it is clear that armrests could be provided, possibly adjustable in height, as well as the backrest, according to the embodiments of figs. 2, 3, with the seat rear portion non-integral with the backrest, thus providing for a chair or armchair ergonomi ca I Ly improved also in this respect. Further- more means different from those represented can be adopted to accomplish the automatic slope changing of a seat front portion as a function of the height there¬ of and to modify such a variation law, and/or for adjusting the height of the backrest together with the a rmrests .

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A chair adjustable as to the height, having a portion (9) vertically movable with respect to a fixed base (5) and comprising a backrest (6) connected to a seat (2) with a seat rear portion (2a), whereto a seat front portion (2b) is hinged, characterized in that said portion (2b) is downward tiltable with re¬ spect to said rear portion (2a), with a tilting angle whose value is a function of the height of said mov¬ able portion (9) . 2. A chair according to claim 1, characterized in that said tilting portion (2b) is connected to said fixed base (5) by means of a Linked arm ( 7 ) . 3. A chair according to claim 2, character zed n that the length of said Linked arm (7) is adjustable by the user. 4. A chair according to claim 3, wherein an arti¬ culated arm (7a) is hinged at one end to said base (5) and at the other end to said tilting portion (2b) by means of a plate (8a) whose position can be adjust¬ ed and fixed with different angles with respect to said arm (7a), thereby changing the working length thereof . 5. A chair according to claim 3, wherein an arti¬ culated arm (7a ) is hinged at one end to said base (5) and at the other end to said portion (2b) in a fixable position within a slot (8b) so that the Length of said slot forms the variation range of the working length of arm (7b ) . 6. A chair according to claim 3, wherein said arm ( 7 ) consists of a cylinder (7c) with a piston (8c) operated by a pressure means whose full working length comprises the length of the cylinder and the length of the piston portion projecting therefrom at a g en fixable stroke position. 7. An ergonomic chair adjustable at to the height according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which the backrest (6) is tiltable, together with the seat rear portion (2a) integral therewith. 8. A chair comprising, possibly adjustable in height with respect to a base (5), a supporting structure (3) to substain a seat (2), a backrest (6) and a pair of armrests (7) being adjustable in height with re¬ spect to said structure (3), characterized in that said backrest (6) and armrests (7) are integral to each other for the adjustment, thereby remaining con¬ stant, for any adjustment, the difference between the height from the seat of the lumbar leaning region and the height of the armrests (7), as a function of the stature of the chair user. 9. A chair according to claim 1, characterized in that said backrest (6) and said armrests (7) are form¬ ed in a single piece. 10. A chair according to claim 1, characterized in that said backrest (6) and said armrests (7) are made integral with a structural interface element (8), sliding and adjustable in height with respect to said supporting structure (3) . 11. A chair according to claim 3, characterized in that said interface element (8) is a sleeve integral with the backrest (6) on which the supports (9) of said armrests (7) are removably fixed for the possible removing and replacing of the armrests themselves. 12. A chair adjustable in height with the front seat portion (2b) tiltable with respect to the rear portion (2a) of an angle being function of the height of seat (2) according to one of claims 1-7, having also backrest (6) and armrests (7) adjustable accorg- ing to one of claims 8-11.

Inventors: HOSOE ISAO, HOSOE, ISAO
Applicants: HOSOE ISAO, HOSOE, ISAO
Application year: 1992
Main classification: A47C3
IPC codes: A47C1, A47C3, A47C7