Compact disc storage package

Abstract: A storage package (10) for a compact disc or the like has a plurality of non-plastic panels (12) including a pair of end panels (12a,12c) and, optionally, at least one panel (12b) intermediate to and connecting the pair of end panels. The plurality of panels (12) is movable between an open orientation (Fig. 2) enabling access to the contents of the package and a collapsed orientation for storage purposes, each of the panels having a pair of opposed lateral sidewalls (19), and the plurality of panels in the collapsed orientation defining at least one spine (32,34). A holder (14) formed of plastic is disposed on one (12b) of the panels for receiving and maintaining a compact disc thereon. An end cap (16) is disposed on one of the end panels or pivotally on the holder (14), the end cap being adapted to releasably engage the holder when the plurality of panels (12) is in the collapsed orientation, thereby to preclude accidental movement of the plurality of panels out of the collapsed orientation.

Description: The present invention relates to packaging and, more particularly, to packaging for a compact disc or the like. U.S. Patent No. 4,709,812 discloses packaging for a compact disc (CD) or the like which is formed of a plastic CD holder for releasably receiving and holding a CD and a plurality of interconnected non-plastic (typically paperboard) panels which are moveable between an open position where the CD holder and any compact disc thereon are accessible, and a collapsed orientation for storage wherein the various panels overlap and protect the CD. The packaging uses less plastic than the well known jewel box (which is formulated almost entirely in plastic), and the plastic which it does use, as well as the paperboard, may be both recycled and recyclable. Nonetheless, this packaging has not proven to be entirely satisfactory in use. As no provision is made for securing the packaging in its collapsed orientation for storage, the packaging can accidentally become opened (i.e., the plurality of panels moved to its open orientation), thus exposing the compact disc to dirt, fingerprints, and the like. Also, the holder has a face which is approximately the same size as, or even smaller than, the paperboard panels so that the edges of the latter are coextensive with or even project outwardly from the holder with the result that they are susceptible to dog-earing, fraying crushing and like disfigurement due to handling. Further, although the spine of the packaging in its collapsed orientation typically contains important identifying information (such as the nature of the matter recorded on the CD) intended to be viewable when the packaging is stored appropriately against like CD packages with only the package edges visible, no protection is provided for the spine so that, with continued handling of the packaging, the spine is subject to deterioration, and with it the identifying information thereon. (This is a special problem since in certain storage devices only the spine is exposed to the viewer and, therefore, the viewer has to forcibly grasp the spine and utilize it in order to separate the desired packaging from the remainder of the packaging in the same storage device.) Where the packaging contains a secondary spine opposite the primary spine, the secondary spine is also subject to dog-earing and the like even though this is of lesser importance than in the case of the primary spine since the secondary spine rarely contains identifying information of importance to the user. In document DE-A-3 302 693, there is disclosed a package for a recording medium which allows storage, by virtue of a holder which is disposed on one of the end panels. However, the holder is in a fixed position, thus limiting ease of access of the recording medium from a stored position. Further, document DE-A-3 302 693 discloses a locking means for securing the package which makes the package bulky and less streamlined for packing and storage purposes. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide packaging for a compact disc or the like which includes means for maintaining the packing in its closed orientation. The packaging provided preferrably includes means to prevent dog-earing, fraying or like destruction of the spine. The packaging provided preferrably includes means to prevent dog-earing, fraying or like destruction of the exposed sidewall edges of the paperboard panels. The packaging provided is preferrably ecologically sound, being composed substantially of recycled and/or recyclable plastic and paperboard. It is another object to provide such packaging which is simple and economical to manufacture. It has now been found that the objects of the present invention are obtained in a storage package for a recording medium comprising a plurality of panels (112a, b, c) including a pair of end panels (112 a,c) said plurality of panels being movable between an open orientation enabling access to the contents of the package and a collapsed orientation for storage purposes, each of said plurality of panels having a pair of opposed lateral sidewalls (119); a holder (114) formed of plastic disposed on one (112a) of said end panels for receiving and maintaining a recording medium thereon, said holder (114) having one end (114a) thereof remote from the other (112c) of said end panels when said plurality of panels are in said open orientation; and an end cap (116) formed of plastic; where one end (162) of said end cap (116) is directly pivotally secured to said one end (114a) of said holder (114), and that said end cap (116) has an engagement means (170) thereof spaced from said one end thereof adapted to releasably engage said holder (114) at a cooperating engagement means (172) thereof spaced from said one end (114a) of said holder (114) when said plurality of panels is in said collapsed orientation and to maintain said plurality of panels in said collapsed orietntation, thereby to preclude accidental movement of said plurality of panels out of said collapsed orientation. The present invention encompasses a storage package for compact discs and the like having a hinged end cap. The package comprises a plurality of non-plastic panels, a plastic holder and a plastic end cap. The plurality of non-plastic (typically paperboard) panels includes a pair of end panels and optionally at least one panel intermediate to and connecting the pair of end panels. The plurality of panels is movable between an open orientation enabling access to the contents of the package,and a collapsed orientation for storage purposes. Each of the panels has a pair of opposed lateral sidewalls. The holder formed of plastic is disposed on one of the end panels for receiving and maintaining a compact disc thereon, the holder having one end thereof remote from the other of the end panels when the plurality of panels is in the open orientation. The end cap formed of plastic has one end thereof directly pivotally secured to the one end of the holder. The end cap also has a portion thereof (spaced from the one end thereof) adapted to releasably engage the holder at a portion thereof spaced from the one end of the holder when the plurality of panels is in the collapsed orientation and to maintain the plurality of panels in the collapsed orientation, thereby to preclude accidental movement of the plurality of panels out of the collapsed orientation. Generally in the hinged end cap form of the invention, the plurality of panels in the open orientation has no panel overlying the panel on which the holder is disposed, thereby enabling access to the holder and any compact disc thereon, and in the collapsed orientation has each of the panels overlapping one another, thereby to provide a compact package for storage. The end cap is generally U-shaped and has a pair of upstanding opposed lateral sidewalls defining engaging means and a connecting portion connecting the same, and the holder has a generally planar and generally rectangular body and a pair of opposed lateral sidewalls defining engaging means adapted to engage cooperatively with the end cap engaging means. Each of the holder and the end cap defines abutment means adapted to abut one another and limit relative movement in a given direction, thereby to limit the pressure exertable by the end cap on the holder body. Preferably, the abutment means are on the sidewalls of the holder and the end cap. In one variant, the holder sidewalls extend upwardly above the plane of the holder body for a major length thereof, with the holder engaging means being disposed on the remainder of the length of the holder body, but in another variant the holder sidewalls so extend upwardly for the entire length of the holder body, with the holder engaging means being disposed on the holder sidewalls. The holder sidewalls extend downwardly below the plane of the holder body for substantially the entire length thereof. More particularly, the holder sidewalls extend downwardly below the plane of the holder body at least the thickness of the panel on which the holder is disposed and, for the major or entire length thereof, upwardly from the plane of the holder body at least the thickness of the remainder of the panels when the plurality of panels is in the collapsed orientation, thereby to overlap and protect the sidewalls of the plurality of panels in the collapsed orientation. Thus, the holder sidewalls extend upwardly and downwardly relative to the plane of the holder body to cover both the sidewalls of the panel on which it is disposed and, either alone or in cooperation with the sidewalls of the end cap, the sidewalls of the other of the panels when the plurality of panels is in the collapsed orientation. In one embodiment, the end cap is directly pivotally secured to the holder by a living hinge which extends substantially the entire width of the holder. The end cap and the holder are of a unitary, integral, one-piece construction formed in a single molding operation,, preferably of polypropylene. In another preferred embodiment, the end cap is directly pivotally secured to the holder by a spaced pair of pin-and-hole hinges, each of the hinges being disposed at an opposite side of the holder. The end cap may be a different color than the holder. The end cap preferably extends upwardly and downwardly sufficiently to overlap and protect adjacent portions of the opposed lateral sidewalls of the plurality of panels when the plurality of panels is in the collapsed orientation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and related objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following detailed description of the presently preferred, albeit illustrative, embodiments of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the present invention, the packaging being illustrated in the open orientation and the folded portions of the blank prior to folding being illustrated in phantom line; FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view thereof; FIG. 3 is a side elevational view thereof, but with an end panel also being illustrated in phantom line in an intermediate position partially, but not fully, folded over; FIG. 4 is a top plan view thereof to a slightly enlarged scale, in the closed orientation; FIG. 5 is a side elevational view similar to FIG. 4 but with two panels being illustrated in phantom line in an intermediate position partially, but not fully, folded over; FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the packaging according to a two-panel pin-and-hole hinge second embodiment of the present invention, the packaging being illustrated in the open orientation and the folded portion of the blank prior to folding being illustrated in phantom line; FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view thereof; FIG. 8 is a side elevational view thereof; FIG. 9 is a top plan view thereof, to a slightly enlarged scale, in the closed orientation, with portions thereof broken away to reveal details of the internal construction; and FIG. 10 is a side elevational view similar to FIG. 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is a storage package for compact discs and the like. Encompassed by the term "compact discs and the like' are CD-ROM's, diskettes, and the like, which may be blank or prerecorded and may contain or be adapted to contain music, words, images, binary data, and the like as well as combinations thereof. Referring now to FIG. 1, therein illustrated is a first embodiment of the present invention, generally designated 100, wherein the end cap is directly pivotally attached to the holder by a living hinge. Since the holder 114 will be disposed on end panel 112a of the first row 122, there is a section 128b in the second row 128 adjacent the second section 122b. It will be appreciated that while a three-panel embodiment is illustrated, fewer panels (as in the second embodiment to be discussed below) or more panels may be used. Preferably, the panel 112 on which the holder 114 is disposed defines an extension 208 beyond the end of the holder 114 so as to enable the extension 208 to wrap around and cover the back surface of the end cap 116, as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter. While the open-top pocket for holding literature or a brochure is illustrated as being defined by panel 112b, clearly the same could be defined instead by panel 112c or dispensed with entirely (in which case the partial section 128b would typically be full sized and completely cover the opposing face of section 122b). Panel 112a is, of course, composed of only the single section 122a as that is the panel on which the holder 114 will be disposed. Referring now to FIGS. 1 to 3 in particular, the holder 14 is disposed on an end panel (here, end panel 112a, but optionally end panel 112c). When the plurality of panels is in a collapsed orientation as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 the other end panel 112c and any intermediate panels (here, panel 112b) are disposed intermediate the end panel 112a bearing the end cap 116 and a portion 164 of the end cap 116. Unlike the sidewalls 50 of the holder 14, the sidewalls 150 of the holder 114 include a first portion 152 which extends substantially above the plane of the holder body for essentially the entire length of the holder 114 and the first portion 152 defines engagement means, illustrated as an aperture 172 disposed above the plane of the end panel 112a, which functions to releasably engage cooperating engagement means disposed on the end cap 116. All portions of the end panel sidewalls 118 are protected by the holder sidewalls 150. The plastic end cap 116 according to the first embodiment 100 is not disposed on one of the paperboard panels (as in the previously described embodiments 10, 10' 10''), but is rather directly pivotally secured to the holder 114, and more particularly to the adjacent end 114a of the holder 114. (In other words, end cap 116 is disposed on the holder end 114a remote from the intermediate panel 112b and end panel 112c as illustrated in FIG. 2.) The end cap 116 is secured to the holder end 114a by a living hinge 200 and is of unitary, one-piece, integral construction with the holder 114, both being formed together in a single molding operation. The plastic utilized for the holder 114 and end cap 116 (and, of course, living hinge 200) must be strong, yet substantially flexible when thin so as to be capable of forming a living hinge, and polypropylene is preferred. The living hinge 200 extends substantially the entire width of the holder 114 between the sidewalls 150 thereof. The living hinge 200 is preferably formed as a line of reduced thickness in the plastic intermediate holder 114 and end cap 116, with the facing portions of those elements adjacent the living hinge 200 preferably being bevelled so as to enable a pivotal movement of the end cap 116 through at least 90°. The end cap 116 is thus typically the same color as the holder 114 and, unlike holder 14, devoid of any transparent portion. End cap 116 is generally U-shaped and has a pair of upstanding opposed lateral sidewalls 160 and a connecting portion generally designated 201, connecting the same. The connecting portion 201 is L-shaped in cross-section and includes a bight portion 162 and an upstanding end wall 164 which is perpendicular to bight portion 162. The end wall 164 is configured and dimensioned to serve as a latch and preferably includes a lip 202 on its free end to facilitate grasping of end cap 116 and improve the leverage exertable thereon by a user. End cap 116 is pivotable about the living hinge 200 from a non-latching orientation wherein the bight portion 162 is in generally the same plane as the holder 114 and the end wall 164 is transverse thereto (as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3), and a latching orientation wherein the bight portion 162 is substantially transverse to the plane of the holder 114 and the end wall 164 is generally parallel thereto (as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 5). The end cap sidewalls 116 are connected directly to both bight portion 162 and end wall 164, and each defines an engagement means 170, illustrated as an outwardly projecting lug, adapted to releasably engage the cooperating engagement means 172, illustrated as an aperture or recess on the holder sidewall 152. As illustrated, end cap engaging means 170 are outwardly projecting lugs on the outer surface of each end cap sidewall 160, and the holder engaging means 172 are apertures or recesses on each holder sidewall 150, configured and dimensioned to receive and releasably retain projecting lugs 170 therein, thereby to preclude accidental movement of the plurality of panels 112 out of the collapsed orientation. Clearly, however, the apertures 172 could be on the end cap sidewalls 160 and the projecting lugs 170 could be on the holder sidewalls 150. Indeed, easily releasable engagement means other than an aperture-and-lug system may be substituted. In order to limit the pressure exerted by the end cap latch 164 on the holder 114, and thus on any compact discs disposed within the holder recess 142, end cap 116 defines abutment means 180 in the form of a lug extending outwardly from each sidewall portion means 160 thereof, and each holder sidewall 150 defines a fixed upper abutment surface which is adapted to engage a lug 180 and function as a stop to limit movement of the end cap 116 from its non-latching orientation beyond its latching orientation. Alternatively, or in addition thereto, the appropriately bevelled surfaces of the holder 114 and end cap 116 about the living hinge 200 may also limit the pressure exerted downwardly by the end cap latch 203 on holder 114. The sidewalls 160 of the end cap 116 are spaced apart such that they are readily received between the sidewalls 150 of the holder 114 as the end cap 116 is moved into the latching orientation, with the engagement means 170, 172 of the end cap 116 and the holder 114, respectively, releasably engaging. To enable easy pivotal movement of the end cap 116 to the latching orientation, the holder sidewalls 150 about the engagement means 172 and adjacent the living hinge 200 are preferably resiliently outwardly flexible so as to flexingly accommodate passage of the lugs 170 between holder sidewalls 150 until the lugs 170 seat in the apertures 172. Alternatively, or in addition thereto, the end cap sidewalls 160 may be resiliently inwardly flexible. As earlier mentioned, the panel 112a (formed of section 122a) preferably defines an extension 208 at its free end, the extension 208 being glued to the outer surface of bight portion 162 of the end cap 116. The extension 208 serves as a spine for the embodiment 100 and is printed with identifying information for the CD in the package 100. Preferably, the outer surface of end cap bight portion 162 defines a recess adapted to receive the extension 208 therein so that the edges of extension 208 are protected against dog-earing, fraying or the like. Referring now to FIGS. 6-10, therein illustrated is a second embodiment 100' which is similar to the first embodiment 100 except that the end cap and the holder are connected by a pair of pin-and-hole hinges rather than a living hinge. Elements of the second embodiment corresponding in structure or function to elements of the first embodiment are identified by corresponding numerals primed. Referring now to FIG. 6 in particular, the blank used in the second embodiment 100' is substantially similar to the blank used in the first embodiment 100 except that, since the second embodiment 100' is illustrated as a two-panel embodiment, there is no panel corresponding to panel 112c (or the sections 122c and 128c from which panel 112c would be formed). Clearly, however, the second embodiment 100' could alternatively have a greater number of panels 112. Further, the extension 208 of panel 112a is glued not to the end cap (as in the first embodiment 100), but rather to the end 114a' of the holder 114' adjacent the end cap 116'. While the extension 208 may be partially or wholly concealed by the end cap 116' when the plurality of panels is in the open orientation, when the plurality of panels is in the closed orientation (as illustrated in FIGS. 9-10) the extension 208 is easily visible. The holder 114' of the second embodiment 110' is in most respects similar to the holder 114 of the first embodiment 100, but the raised sidewall portions 152' thereof do not extend to the holder edge 114a' and thereby leave a sidewall portion 220 of the main holder body exposed. Disposed on each exposed holder sidewall portion 220 are engaging means 172', illustrated in the form of a recess or aperture adjacent the end of the first portion 152' of the holder sidewall 150', and a pin-receiving aperture or recess 302 adjacent the holder end wall 114a' and thus the end cap 116'. The end cap 116' of the second embodiment 100' is generally similar to the end cap 116 of the first embodiment 100, but differs in certain critical respects. The end cap 116' is generally U-shaped and defines a pair of upstanding sidewalls 160' and a connecting portion 201' which connects the same and serves as the end wall 164' (there being no portion corresponding to bight portion 162 of the first embodiment 100). The end cap sidewalls 160' are further spaced apart so that they are in the same planes as the holder sidewalls 150'. Each of the end cap sidewalls 160' defines an inwardly projecting pin 304 (best seen in FIG. 9) which is pivotably received within the holder aperture or recess 302 to define a pin-and-aperture hinge. The two pin-and-aperture assemblies 304, 302, one at each side of the holder 114', defines a pair of hinges enabling pivoting of the end cap 116' relative to the holder 114' between the unlatching orientation and the latching orientation. When the package is in the closed orientation, the end cap sidewalls 160' extend to or almost to, the ends of the holder sidewall portions 152' (so as to cover the exposed holder sidewall portions 220) and cooperate therewith in protecting sidewalls 118 of the panel 112b from dog-earing, fraying or the like. While the living hinge 200 of the first embodiment 100 is illustrated as connecting the end cap 116 to the bottom of the holder 114 (that is, the portion of holder 120 closely adjacent to the panel 112a on which it is secured), alternatively the living hinge 200 may connect the end cap 116 to the top of the holder 114. In substance, the living hinge 200 would then directly connect the holder 114 and the upstanding end wall 164 of end cap 116, with the end cap sidewalls 160 extending transversely to the upstanding end wall 164. In such a variant of the first embodiment 100, the holder 114 and end cap 116 would typically be similar in structure to the corresponding elements 114', 116' of the second embodiment 100' except that living hinge 200 would be employed instead of the pins 304 and apertures 302. Indeed, in another variant of the first embodiment wherein the living hinge connects the end cap 116 to the top of the holder 114 (rather than the bottom thereof), the sidewalls 160 of the end cap 116 may be closer together than the sidewalls 150 of holder 114, and downwardly extending slots may be provided in the upper surface of the holder 114 for receipt therein of the end cap sidewalls 160 when the end cap 116 is in the latching orientation. An aperture on one side of each slot would receive the projecting lugs of the end cap sidewalls in order to releasably maintain the end cap 116 in the latched orientation. Thus it will be appreciated that, depending upon the preferred variant, the sidewalls of the end cap may be disposed either within the same plane as the sidewalls of the holder or closer to one another. Typically, the sidewalls of the end cap should not be disposed outwardly of the planes of the sidewalls of the holder as this increases the overall size of the packaging without a corresponding benefit. To summarize, the present invention provides packaging for a compact disc or the like which includes means for maintaining the packaging in the collapsed orientation, and means to prevent dog-earing, fraying or like destruction of the spines and the exposed sidewall edges of the paperboard panels. The package is ecologically sound, since it may be composed substantially of recycled and/or recyclable plastic and paperboard, as well as being simple and economical to manufacture. Now that the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, various modifications and improvements thereon will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims: A storage package for a recording medium comprising: (A) a plurality of panels (112a, b, c) including a pair of end panels (112 a,c) said plurality of panels being movable between an open orientation enabling access to the contents of the package and a collapsed orientation for storage purposes, each of said plurality of panels having a pair of opposed lateral sidewalls (119); (B) a holder (114) formed of plastic disposed on one (112a) of said end panels for receiving and maintaining a recording medium thereon, said holder (114) having one end (114a) thereof remote from the other (112c) of said end panels when said plurality of panels are in said open orientation; and (C) an end cap (116) formed of plastic; characterised in that one end (162) of said end cap (116) is directly pivotally secured to said one end (114a) of said holder (114), and that said end cap (116) has an engagement means (170) thereof spaced from said one end thereof adapted to releasably engage said holder (114) at a cooperating engagement means (172) thereof spaced from said one end (114a) of said holder (114) when said plurality of panels is in said collapsed orientation and to maintain said plurality of panels in said collapsed orientation, thereby to preclude accidental movement of said plurality of panels out of said collapsed orientation. A package according to Claim 1, wherein said end cap (116) is directly pivotally secured to said holder (114) by a living hinge (200). A package according to Claim 2, wherein said living hinge (200) extends substantially the entire width of said holder (114). A package according to any preceding Claim, wherein said end cap (116) and said holder (114) are of a unitary, integral, one-piece construction formed in a single moulding operation. A package according to any preceding Claim, wherein said plastic is polypropylene. A package according to Claim 1, wherein said end cap (116) is directly pivotally secured to said holder (114) by a spaced pair of pin-and-hole hinges (302, 304). A package according to Claim 6, wherein each of said hinges (302, 304) is disposed at an opposite side of said holder (114). A package according to any preceding claim, wherein said end cap (116) has a different colour than said holder (114). A package according to any preceding claim, wherein said plurality of panels (112a, b, c) is formed of paperboard. A package according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein said plurality of panels (112a, b, c) in said open orientation has no panel overlying said panel (112a) on which said holder (114) is disposed, thereby enabling access to said holder (114) and any recording medium thereon, and in said collapsed orientation has each of said panels overlapping one another, thereby to provide a compact package for storage. A package according to any of Claims 1 to 5, wherein said end cap (116) is generally U-shaped and has a pair of upstanding opposed lateral sidewalls (160) defining end cap engaging means (170) and a connecting portion (201) connecting the same, and said holder (114) has a generally planar and generally rectangular body and a pair of opposed lateral sidewalls (150) defining cooperating engagement means (172) adapted to engage cooperatively with said end cap engaging means. A package according to Claim 11, wherein said holder sidewalls (150) extend upwardly above the plane of said holder body for a major length thereof, said holder cooperating engagement means (172) being disposed on the remainder of the length thereof. A package according to Claim 12, wherein said holder sidewalls (150) extend downwardly below the plane of said holder body for substantially the entire length thereof. A package according to Claim 11, wherein said holder sidewalls (150) extend downwardly below the plane of said holder body at least the thickness of said panel (112a) on which said holder (114) is disposed and, for the major length thereof, upwardly from the plane of said holder body at least the thickness of the remainder of said panels when said plurality of panels is in said collapsed orientation, thereby to overlap and protect the sidewalls of said plurality of panels in said collapsed orientation. A package according to Claim 11, wherein said holder sidewalls (150) extend upwardly and downwardly relative to the plane of said holder body to cover both said sidewalls (119) of said panel (112a) on which it is disposed and in cooperation with said sidewalls (160) of said end cap (116), said sidewalls of the other of said panels when said plurality of panels is in said collapsed orientation. A package according to Claim 11, wherein said end cap (116) extends upwardly and downwardly sufficiently to overlap and protect adjacent portions of the opposed lateral sidewalls (119) of said plurality of panels when said plurality of panels is in said collapsed orientation. A package according to Claim 11, wherein each of said holder and said end cap defines abutment means (150, 180) adapted to abut one another and limit relative movement in a given direction, thereby to limit the pressure exertable by said end cap on said holder body. A package according to Claim 17, wherein said abutment means are on said sidewalls (150, 160) of said holder (114) and said end cap (116). A package according to any of Claims 1 to 5, 8 and 10 to 18, wherein said panels are non-plastic. A package according to any preceding Claim, wherein said plurality of panels additionally include at least one panel (112b) intermediate to and connecting said pair of end panels.

Inventors: FRIEDMAN HERBERT, O'BRIEN PATRICK J, FRIEDMAN, HERBERT, O'BRIEN, PATRICK J.
Applicants: IVY HILL CORP, IVY HILL CORPORATION
Application year: 1992
Main classification: G11B33
IPC codes: B65D85, G11B23, G11B33