WIRECUT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING APPARATUS

Abstract: An immersion processing type wirecut electrical discharge machining apparatus comprising a seal construction for sealing while allowing a processing solution tank (2) and a lower arm (4b) to move relatively with each other and a nozzle (16) for preventing sludge from adhering to the inner surface of a slide member of the seal construction. A slide seal consisting of a slide plate (10), through which the lower arm (4b) extends, and a guide mechanism for tightly attaching the slide plate (10) to a tank wall (6) for guiding the same are provided on the tank wall (6), through which the lower arm (4b) of the processing solution tank (2) extends, and a nozzle (16) for blowing the fluid onto the inner surface of the slide plate (10) is disposed in the processing solution tank (2).

Description: The present invention relates to a sealing structure for a machining liquid tank of an immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine. Background Art FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a conventional immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine 1. A wire 11 is drawn from a wire reel 12 arranged in an upper arm 4a, and guided along a brake roller 13 and an upper guide roller 14 to a lower guide roller 15 arranged in a lower arm 4b. A workpiece 3 is placed in a machining liquid tank 2 between the upper and lower guide rollers 14 and 15. Electric discharge is induced between the wire 11 and the workpiece 3 immersed in a machining liquid contained in the machining liquid tank 2, thereby causing machine the workpiece 3 to undergo the electric-discharge machining. This type of wire cut electric discharge machines is suited for a machining operation, such as an end-face machining of a thick plate, that requires a sufficient amount of machining liquid to be supplied to a discharging spot and thus cannot be properly carried out with a nozzle jet type machine in which machining liquid is injected from a nozzle to a machining part of a workpiece. The immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine must be constructed so that the lower arm 4b is kept projected into the machining liquid tank 2. The machining liquid tank 2 is placed on an X-Y table 5 and is moved relative to the lower arm 4b. Thus, a sealing structure must be provided at a portion A where the lower arm 4b penetrates a tank wall 6 so that the machining liquid tank 2 is allowed to move relative to the lower arm 4b without causing leakage of the machining liquid. Specifically, the sealing structure must have a construction such that the machining liquid tank 2 can be moved in a horizontal plane in directions perpendicular to each other with respect to the lower arm 4b. Disclosure of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a sealing structure, which permits movement of a machining liquid tank relative to a lower arm and can prevent sludge from adhering to an inner surface of a slide member. A wire cut electric discharge machine according to the present invention comprises: seal means provided at a tank wall of a machining liquid tank where a lower arm extends, and having a slide member through which the lower arm extends and a guide member for guiding the slide member while keeping the slide member in close contact with the tank wall; and nozzle means arranged inside the machining liquid tank, for injecting a fluid toward an inner surface of the slide member. The fluid spouted from the nozzle agitates the machining liquid in the vicinity of the inner surface of the slide member, whereby sludge is prevented from adhering to the inner surface of the slide member. Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a principal part of a wire cut electric discharge machine according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the wire cut electric discharge machine shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view showing a sealing structure for a machining liquid tank; and FIG. 4 is a partially sectional front view of a conventional electric discharge machine. Best Mode of Carrying Out the Invention Referring to FIG. 3, an immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine has a lower arm 4b penetrating a tank wall 6 of a machining liquid tank 2. A sealing structure 7 is provided at a portion of the machine where the lower arm 4b penetrates the tank wall 6. The sealing structure 7 is composed of a slide seal, which permits movement of a machining liquid tank 2 in a Y direction relative to the lower arm 4b while sealing the gap between the tank 2 and the arm 4b, and a bellows 8, which permits movement of the machining liquid tank 2 in an X direction relative to the lower arm 4b while sealing the gap between the tank 2 and the arm 4b. The slide seal includes a guide mechanism, which is formed by a groove 9 in the tank wall 6 through which the lower arm 4b extends, and a slide plate 10 to be guided along the groove 9. The lower arm 4b penetrates the slide plate 10 and is allowed to slide only in the X-axis direction relative to the plate 10. One end of the bellows 8 is closely fastened to a distal end of the lower arm 4b, and the other end of the bellows 8 is closely fastened to the slide plate 10, whereby the interior of the bellows 8 is isolated from the machining liquid in the machining liquid tank 2. The sealing structure described above effectively reduces the leakage of liquid, and the machining liquid tank 2 can smoothly be moved relative to the lower arm 4b. However, since the inner surface of the slide plate 10 always contacts the machining liquid, sludge (e.g., fine particles of metal solidified after melting, metallic oxides insoluble in water, etc.) suspended in the liquid is likely to adhere to the inner surface of the slide plate as a machining operation is continued for a long time. If the sludge enters the groove 9 and then between the slide plate 10 and the tank wall, smooth movement of the slide plate 10 will be hindered. As a result, when the machining liquid tank 2 is moved in the Y-axis direction, both the tank 2 and the lower arm 4b will be subjected to force. This causes a lower guide roller 15 provided at the distal end of the lower arm 4b to be displaced or the effect of backlash to increase due to increase of the resistance to the movement of the table, possibly lowering the machining accuracy. When sludge has adhered to the slide plate, it may be removed by the operator when necessary, but such sludge removal will become an obstacle to full automation of processes in the case of a long-term automatic operation or when controlling a large number of wire cut electric discharge machines. According to the present invention, nozzles 16 for injecting a fluid toward the inner surface of the slide plate 10 are arranged in the machining liquid tank 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The nozzles 16 are located close to the inner surface of the slide plate 10 on both sides of the lower arm 4b. The nozzles 16 are connected to a pump P through piping 17 so that machining liquid as the fluid to be injected is pressurized by the pump P and supplied to the nozzles 16. The machining liquid is injected from the nozzles 16 toward the inner surface of the slide plate 10. In this embodiment, the system for supplying the machining liquid to the nozzles 16 is separated from the system for circulating the machining liquid through the tank 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the respective nozzles 16 extend vertically and have a plurality of injection holes spaced from one another. The injection pressure is set to a value large enough to prevent sludge from entering between the slide plate 10 and tank wall facing the slide plate 10. With the above-described arrangement, during a machining operation by means of wire cut electric discharge, the nozzles 16 inject the machining liquid so that the machining liquid in the vicinity of the inner surface of the slide plate 10 is always agitated, thus preventing sludge from adhering to the slide plate 10. Consequently, the machining liquid tank can always be moved smoothly relative to the lower arm, and the fall of the machining accuracy can be prevented. As another embodiment of the present invention, each of the nozzles 16 may have a single injection hole through which a fluid is ejected to form a jet stream. Further, a gas may be used as the injection fluid in such a manner that fine bubbles are spouted from the nozzles 16. When using the machining liquid as the injection fluid, the machining liquid circulating through the machining liquid tank may be diverted for the injection.

Claims: An immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine (1) having an upper arm (4a) and a lower arm (4b) which is projected into a machining liquid tank (2), comprising: seal means (7-10) provided at a tank wall (6) of said machining liquid tank (2) where said lower arm (4b) passes, and having a slide member (10) through which said lower arm (4b) passes and a guide member (9) for guiding said slide member (10) while keeping the slide member (10) in close contact with the tank wall (6); and nozzle means (16) disposed inside the machining liquid tank (2), for injecting a fluid toward an inner surface of said slide member (10). The immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine according to claim 1, wherein said seal means (7-10) further comprises a bellows (8) having one end closely fastened to a distal end of said lower arm (4b) and another end closely fastened to said slide member (10). The immersion type wire cut electric discharge machine according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle means (16) extends vertically inside the machining liquid tank (2) and has a plurality of injection holes spaced from one another.

Inventors: ENAMI MASATO, ENAMI, MASATO, ENAMI, MASATO FANUC DAI-3 VIRA-KARAMATSU
Applicants: FANUC LTD, FANUC LTD.
Application year: 1992
Main classification: B23H7
IPC codes: B23H11, B23H1, B23H7