Bi-directional direct current switching apparatus having arc extinguishing chambers alternatively used according to polarity applied to said apparatus

Abstract: Direct current switching apparatus having two arc extinguishing chambers (70 and 74-76) located in a common transverse plane, one chamber being divided into separate laterally spaced portions (74,76) disposed below the other chamber (70), a pair of spaced conductors (60,62) each having a contact element (64,66) and an arc runner (60d,62d) extending from near the contact, the arc runners being curved and disposed in a convex mirror-image relationship to each other between the laterally spaced portions, distal ends (60e,62e) of said arc runners providing a divergent path into the other chamber (70), a conductor (80) disposed at outboard sides of the laterally spaced arc chamber portions (74,76) cooperating with concave sides of the arc runners to provide divergent paths into the spaced arc chamber portions, power supply terminals (14,16) connected to the respective spaced conductors (60,62), magnetic plates (50,84) disposed in front and in back of the arc chambers having portions (50b,84a) providing a magnetic path externally around the chambers, permanent magnets (86,88,90, 92,94) magnetically coupled to at least one of the magnetic plates (84) providing a magnetic field in the plates and across the arc chambers in a forward direction, a movable contact (104) movable normal to the forward direction into and out of bridging engagement with the stationary contact elements (64,66), and an electromagnetic drive motor (26) disposed coextensive with the arc extinguishing chambers, coupled at a lower end to the movable contact (104). Arcs established between the stationary and movable contact elements are moved from the contacts into either arc extinguishing chamber by the magnetic field coacting with current in the arc to generate forces which move the arc in a prescribed direction according to polarity of the power applied to the respective terminals (14,16). The electromagnetic motor comprising a one piece magnetic frame (28) which is stamped and subsequently formed over to provide mounting-positioning-retaining functions for other elements of the motor. The apparatus is particularly well suited for high voltage, high current applications requiring lightweight, compact apparatus.

Description: Cross Reference to Related US Patents. This invention is related to copending U.S. patent 5,004,874 "Direct Current Switching Apparatus" issued April 2, 1991. This European patent is also related to copending U.S. patent 5,130,504 entitled "Bi-directional Direct Current Switching Apparatus Having Bifurcated Arc Runners Extending Into Separate Arc Extinguishing Chambers" issued July 14, 1992. US-A-2,890,309 discloses a multiple break electric switch comprising conductors and a stationary and a movable contact. Drive means are operable to move the movable contact, and permanent magnet blow-out means are used. Background of the Invention This invention relates to apparatus for switching direct current (DC) electric power. More particularly it relates to apparatus of the aforementioned type which is non-polarized or bidirectional, i.e. its performance is independent of polarity of the current at the power terminals, and can switch high voltage DC power. Still more particularly, the invention is related to apparatus of the aforementioned type which is compact, lightweight, may be hermetically sealed and can switch high voltage DC power at high altitude. High voltage DC power is one of the most efficient, reliable and lightweight methods to generate and distribute energy. Development of high torque samarium cobalt brushless DC motors has resulted in low weight alternatives to hydraulic actuators used in weight and reliability-sensitive applications, e.g. aircraft. However, difficulties in switching high voltage DC power, particularly at high altitude, and the weight and volume of conventional DC switching apparatus capable of quenching high voltage circuits at altitudes, preclude the use of such switching apparatus in aircraft. As a result, the inability to satisfactorily switch high voltage DC power at altitude has delayed use of this power in aircraft. Summary of the Invention It is an object of this invention to provide improved DC switching apparatus. It is a further object of this invention to provide DC switching apparatus capable of switching high voltage DC power. It is a further object of this invention to provide DC switching apparatus which is non-polarized. It is a further object of this invention to provide DC switching apparatus capable of switching high voltage DC power at high altitude. It is still a further object of this invention to provide DC switching apparatus capable of switching high voltage DC power at high altitude, which apparatus is compact and lightweight. It is still a further object of this invention to provide DC switching apparatus of the aforementioned type which is economically and efficiently manufactured. The above objects are achieved by an apparatus according to claim 1. The dependent claims 2-25 concern preferred embodiments of the invention. The invention provides bi-directional DC switching apparatus comprising a central arc extinguishing chamber and a pair of laterally spaced arc extinguishing chambers, a pair of spaced conductors each having a stationary contact and an arc runner leading from the contact in a generally bowed configuration arranged with convex sides of respective arc runners facing each other and distal ends of said arc runners diverging into the centrally located arc extinguishing chamber, conductive means disposed at outboard sides of the conductors, the conductive means and respective associated arc runners diverging into respective ones of the laterally spaced arc extinguishing chambers, a movable contact, drive means operable to move the movable contact into and out of bridging engagement with the stationary contacts, and means providing a magnetic field across the switching apparatus in regions comprising the stationary contacts and arc runners, the magnetic field being directed substantially normal to movement of the movable contact and co-acting with current in electric arcs drawn between the stationary and movable contacts upon separation to generate forces which assist movement of the arcs in predetermined directions away from the stationary contacts into respective arc extinguishing chambers, and means for connecting DC power to the spaced conductors wherein polarity of the power applied to the conductors determines whether the arc is moved into the centrally located arc extinguishing chamber or into the pair of laterally spaced arc extinguishing chambers. This invention further provides an electromagnetically operated linear motor for driving the movable contact, the motor being provided with a magnetic frame which is blanked from magnetic material and shaped to provide a single-piece magnetic frame for the motor, the frame also providing mounting tabs for the motor and structural features which cooperate with molded coil bobbins and other elements of the motor for alignment and retention of the respective motor parts. The foregoing and other features and advantages of this invention will become more readily apparent and understood when reading the following description and appended claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a hermetically sealed electromagnetic contactor comprising the bi-directional DC switching apparatus of this invention oriented, for purposes of the following description only, on its backside with a front side disposed upward and a multipin connector extending from a bottom side thereof; Fig. 2 is a back view of the contactor shown in Fig. 1 with the outer envelope broken away to expose the bi-directional DC switching apparatus of this invention; Fig. 3 is a cross section of the contactor of Figs. 1 and 2 taken generally along the line 3-3 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a cross section of the bi-directional DC switching apparatus of this invention removed from the contactor outer envelope taken generally along the line 4-4 in Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a transverse cross section of the contactor of Figs. 1-3 taken generally along line 5-5 in Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a generally schematic view of the arc extinguishing chambers of the bi-directional DC switching apparatus of this invention showing arc movement for one polarity of DC power supplied to the apparatus; Fig. 7 is a generally schematic view of the arc extinguishing chambers of the bi-directional DC switching apparatus of this invention similar to Fig. 6, but showing arc movement for an opposite polarity of DC power supplied to the apparatus; Fig. 8 is a bottom view of the switching apparatus taken along the line 8-8 in Fig. 4; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a magnetic frame for a linear magnetic motor which drives the movable contact of the switching apparatus of this invention; and Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one stationary conductor of the switching apparatus of this invention. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment With reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a hermetically sealed electromagnetic contactor 2 incorporating the bi-directional DC switching apparatus of this invention is shown in perspective. The contactor 2 comprises an outer metal envelope comprising a can 4 having a mounting plate 6 affixed to the back thereof by welding or the like and a header 8 hermetically welded over an open front side of can 4. Directional references herein, such as "front", "rear", "top", "bottom" and the like, are illustrative only for convenience and clarity in description, and are not to be construed as limitations to the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims. As a reference for the term "compact" as used herein, the envelope comprising can 4 and header 8 may be on the order of 8.69 cm (3.42 inches) wide by 12.7 cm (5.00 inches) long by 8.20 cm (3.23 inches) high. Header 8 has outwardly projecting flanges 8a extending from opposite lateral edges. Mounting plate 6 has forwardly extending straps 6a at opposite lateral sides, the free ends of which terminate in laterally projecting flanges 6b secured to flanges 8a by fasteners 10. A multipin connector 12 is hermetically attached within an opening in a bottom wall of can 4 to provide connection to control electronics (not shown) for the switching apparatus within the envelope. DC power terminals 14, 16 are attached and hermetically sealed to header 8, electrical insulated therefrom, to extend through the header. The externally projecting cylindrical body portions of terminals 14, 16 have tapped holes for receiving screws 17 which attach power conductors (not shown) to the terminals. A generally T-shaped insulating barrier 18 is attached to header 8 by a pair of nuts 20 which threadably engage threaded posts 8b welded to the exterior of header 8. Barrier 18 isolates the power terminals 14, 16 and the respective attached conductors from each other and provides a protective cover thereover to reduce electrical shock hazard. Header 8 is also provided with a tubular fitting 22 through which the seal of the contactor assembly may be checked and the contactor may be evacuated and filled with a controlled atmosphere medium such as an inert gas or the like, after which the fitting 22 is crimped shut and sealed. The bi-directional DC switching apparatus is represented generally by the reference numeral 24. A linear electromagnetic drive motor for the switching apparatus is represented generally by the reference numeral 26. These two elements of the invention are assembled together and to the interior of header 8 prior to assembly of the external can 4 to header 8. A primary component of motor 26 is a single-piece magnetic frame 28 shown individually in perspective view in Fig. 9. Frame 28 is preferably blanked from a sheet of magnetic material such as magnet iron and subsequently formed to a generally rectangular open box-like shape to receive other elements of the motor. Frame 28 consists of a body 28a having opposite sides 28b and 28c, a top 28d and a bottom 28e all formed at right angles to the body 28a. Top 28d has a pair of fingers 28f projecting from opposite lateral sides, the fingers 28f being formed downwardly at right angles to top 28d and joined to respective sides 28b and 28c by rivets 28g. Similarly, bottom 28e has a pair of fingers 28h extending laterally therefrom, the fingers being formed upwardly at right angles to bottom 28e and joined to respective sides 28b and 28c by rivets 28j to provide increased strength for the frame. Sides 28b and 28c each have a pair of projecting fingers which are bent perpendicularly to the respective sides to provide outwardly extending lateral flanges 28k, each having a hole therein. The body 28a of frame 28 is provided with a central opening 28m which extends into the respective sides 28b and 28c. Tabs 28n are formed integral and coplanar with sides 28b and 28c and extend forwardly within the opening 28m. Each of the tabs 28n is provided with a hole therethrough as is the lower finger of the respective sides to receive screws 30 (Figs. 4 and 5) therethrough which in turn receive nuts 32 at the respective projecting ends. Screws 30 provide a clamping force to the motor assembly as will be described hereinafter. Bottom 28e is provided with a hole 28p through which a drive rod 34 extends to attach to a plunger 36 of the motor. Frame 28 is also provided with four laterally outwardly directed tabs 28q which are each in the plane of the body 28a and each of which are provided with a hole therethrough. Motor 26 further comprises a pair of molded plastic bobbins 38 which are disposed in opposite end-to-end coaxial relationship between top 28d and bottom 28e of frame 28 (Fig. 4). The flanges of bobbins 38 which are adjacent the top 28d and bottom 28e are provided with a raised edge 38a which abuts the rear edge of the respective top and bottom members of frame 28 to provide non-rotational positioning for the coils relative to the frame. The flanges of coils 38 which are mutually adjacent each other at the center of motor 26 are provided with spaced pairs of laterally extending raised ridges 38b (Fig. 4) and a raised circular ring 38c coaxial with the openings through the bobbins and disposed between the respective ridges 38b. Rings 38c of the respective bobbins project part way into a hole 40a in a magnetic flux concentrator 40. The magnetic flux concentrator 40 comprises a rectangular plate which is non-rotatably disposed between the raised ridges 38b (Figs. 4 and 5). Also disposed between ridges 38b is a pair of permanent magnets 42 located on opposite sides of flux concentrator 40. The overall lateral dimension of permanent magnets 42 and flux concentrator 40 is substantially identical to a lateral dimension between sides 28b and 28c. Screws 30 and nuts 32 serve to clamp the permanent magnets 42 and flux concentrator 40 firmly together and firmly between the sides 28b and 28c to minimize any air gap between these elements. Inasmuch as the raised rings 38c of each bobbin project into the common hole 40a of flux concentrator 40, coaxial alignment of the interior ends of the bobbins is readily achieved. Plunger 36 is loosely disposed within the central openings of bobbins 38 for guided axial reciprocal movement therein. The lower end of plunger 36 is undercut at 36a, the undercut serving as a flux restrictor to reduce magnetic flux, and hence magnetic latching strength, at the lower end of plunger 36 below the flux and latching strength at the upper end of plunger 36. This imbalance in latching strength is also contributed to by the relatively small sealing surface area at the lower end of plunger 36 and periphery of hole 28p. Plunger 36 is also provided with an axial threaded opening at its lower end for receiving drive rod 34 as will be described hereinafter. Identical coils are wound on bobbins 38 and are provided with an insulating covering 46 around the exterior thereof. By mismatching the magnetic latching strength at the opposite ends of the motor and plunger 36, identical coils may be used to drive the plunger, thereby effecting a cost advantage. In the up position of the plunger, the contacts are closed, compressing a contact pressure spring 118 as will be described later. Thus the spring assists the respective coil in driving the plunger downward. In the down position the spring is not active, but with less latching strength present, the identical coil can drive plunger 36 upward. With the components of the motor 26 positioned and clamped within the frame 28 as aforedescribed, drive rod 34 is inserted through hole 28p and is threaded into the lower end of plunger 36. The motor 26 is then attached to the interior of header 8. The header is provided with a rectangular array of rearwardly projecting threaded posts 8c (Figs. 3 and 8). Tabs 28q are disposed over posts 8c and the motor is secured against the header by nuts 48 threaded onto the posts 8c. A front magnetic plate 50 is next attached to the lateral flanges 28k by threaded posts 50a, attached to the front surface of plate 50, which extend through the holes in flanges 28k and receive nuts 52 thereon (Figs. 3, 5 and 8). Front magnetic plate 50 is provided with an insulating guide member 54 (Fig. 4) attached to the front face thereof by suitable fastener means (not shown). Guide 54 is provided with a hole 54a extending therethrough and aligned substantially parallel with the axis of plunger 36. The function of guide 54 will be described later herein. Header 8 comprises power terminals 14 and 16 mounted thereon to extend therethrough. Terminals 14 and 16 are identical, and therefore only terminal 16 will be described. As best seen in Fig. 3, terminal 16 comprises a post having a cylindrical body 16a and a coaxially extending threaded shank 16b. An insulator 16c surrounds the post and is attached directly to header 8 within a hole in the header. The juncture of insulator 16c and header 8 at the hole is sealed continuously around the periphery of the insulator. As mentioned previously, the cylindrical body 16a of the terminal has an internally threaded hole in its end for receiving screw 17 for attaching a power supply conductor to the terminal. A jam nut 56 is threadably disposed on the threaded shank 16b for reasons that will be discussed hereinafter. The end of shank 16b is provided with an internally threaded opening for receiving a screw 58 when attaching a stationary contact conductor to the terminal post. The stationary contact conductors comprise L-shaped brackets 60, 62 made of good electrically conducting material such as heavy gauge copper which have stationary contact elements 64, 66 secured thereto, respectively. Inasmuch as both conductor brackets 60, 62 are made mirror-image identical, only bracket 60 will be described in detail with particular reference to Fig. 10. The upright leg 60a of the L-shaped bracket has a clearance hole 60b therethrough for the screw 58. As seen in Fig. 3, the upright leg of the bracket is bolted flush against the end face of the threaded shank of the respective terminal by the screw 58. Jam nut 56 is then turned tightly against the upright leg to further secure and stabilize the conductor bracket on the post. The horizontally extending leg 60c extends rearwardly, terminating in a laterally extending arc runner 60d. The arc runner has a generally upwardly curved shape wherein the distal end 60e is reversely directed with respect to the root end 60f. An intermediate straight section 60g separates the curved portions of the arc runner. The respective stationary contact element 64, 66 is brazed or otherwise secured to the under side of the L-shaped bracket at the juncture of the horizontal leg 60c and the laterally extending arc runner 60d. A beveled notch 60h is cut from the outboard edge of horizontal leg 60c. A front insulating cover 68 is secured against a rear surface of magnetic plate 50 at the same time that L-shaped conductors 60, 62 are secured to the interior ends of terminals 14, 16, respectively. The arc runners 60d, 62d of the respective stationary contact conductors extend around the insulating cover 68 and bear against the rear surface thereof, forcing the insulating cover 68 tightly against the magnetic plate 50 when the screws 58 are tightened. Insulating cover 68 has structural profile features that complementally cooperate with features on the magnetic plate 50 to laterally and vertically position cover 68 on magnetic plate 50. A plurality of splitter plate assemblies are positioned against the rear surface of front insulating cover 68 to provide first and second arc extinguishing chambers. The rear surface of insulating cover 68 is provided with shallow recesses which complementally conform to the profile of side plates of the splitter plate assemblies to laterally and vertically position these assemblies. A first arc extinguishing chamber comprises splitter plate assemblies 70 and 72 which are located end-to-end along the upper edge of cover 68. A second arc extinguishing chamber comprises a pair of splitter plate assemblies 74 and 76 which are disposed below the assemblies 70 and 72, respectively, but are spaced laterally apart, being located within the concave shape of arc runners 60d and 62d. Referring also to Fig. 5, each splitter plate assembly comprises a pair of slotted insulating side plates 70a, 72a, 74a, 76a, a plurality of flat conductive splitter plates 78a, 78b, 78c and 78d having opposite edges positioned and retained in the respective slots of the side plates in arrangements such as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, and an insulating cap 70b, 72b, 74b and 76b disposed over upper edges of the splitter plates between the respective pairs of side plates. The insulating caps may be provided with a series of vent openings (not shown) which align with spaces between the respective splitter plates to permit arc gasses to escape from the respective arc extinguishing chambers. The insulated side plates 70a-76a are preferably formed of a fiberboard material commonly used for such purpose, although the splitter plates are preferably made of a non-magnetic material such as copper so as not to influence permanent magnet fields utilized in moving the arc as will be described later. The splitter plates are provided in four different lengths. The shorter length splitter plates 78a are generally disposed between adjacent ones of the longer splitter plates 78b, 78c, and 78d. Splitter plate assemblies 70 and 72 utilize splitter plates of lengths 78a, 78b and 78c. splitter plate assemblies 74 and 76 utilize splitter plates 78a, 78c and 78d. An additional splitter plate 79 is disposed between splitter plate assemblies 70 and 72 in the central arc chamber. Plate 79 is retained in position by a slot 68a (Fig. 4) in the rear surface of insulating plate 68 and by the adjacent edges of insulator plates 70a and 72a. An inverted U-shaped conductive yoke 80 is positioned against the rear surface of insulating cover 68 wherein the bight portion of the yoke 80 spans the upper arc extinguishing chamber splitter plate assemblies 70 and 72 in proximity to the insulating caps 70b and 72b thereof. The opposite legs 80a and 80b of yoke 80 extend downwardly along outboard sides of the laterally spaced arc extinguishing chamber splitter plate assemblies 74 and 76. The distal ends of legs 80a and 80b are spaced outwardly from the respective horizontal legs of conductor brackets 60, 62 in the area of cut-out notches 60h, 62h. As seen in Figs. 6 and 7, the arc extinguishing splitter plate assemblies 74 and 76 lie substantially within the outline defined by the concave side of arc runners 60d, 62d. Intermediate straight sections 60g, 62g of the arc runners provide additional vertical space and additional area within the concave outline to minimize the lateral spacing of the arc extinguishing splitter plate assemblies 74 and 76, thereby reducing the overall lateral dimension of the switching apparatus of this invention. The back, or concave surface of arc runners 60d, 62d cooperate with the inner surfaces of respective legs 80a and 80b of yoke 80 to provide diverging conductors leading into the open lower end of the respective arc extinguishing splitter assemblies 74 and 76. The concave surface of the respective arc runners 60d, 62d, cooperatively provide a converging and subsequently diverging conductive path into the centrally located upper arc extinguishing chamber comprising splitter assemblies 70 and 72. A rear insulating cover 82 is next disposed over the splitter plate assemblies and arc runners. The front surface of rear insulating cover 82 has shallow recesses similar to those described in the rear surface of front insulating cover 68 which conform to the profile of the respective splitter plate assemblies to position the cover 82 relative to the assemblies and vice versa. Cover 82 has an upper wall 82a overlying conductive yoke 80 and the upper edge of front insulating cover 68. Cover 82 also has forwardly extending side walls 82b and 82c which overlap side edges of front cover 68 over the majority of the height of cover 82. The side walls are notched at 82d, 82e, respectively, at the upper corners to accommodate rearwardly extending tabs 50b of front magnetic plate 50 and corresponding, mutually aligned forwardly extending tabs 84a of a rear magnetic plate 84. A plurality of permanent magnets 86, 88, 90, 92 and 94 are positioned on rear magnetic plate 84 in a star pattern as particularly shown in Fig. 2. The magnets are trapped between rear magnetic plate 84 and the rear surface of insulating cover 82 by clamping pressure provided by screws 96 extending through clearance holes in lateral tabs 84b of rear magnetic plate 84 and threading into tapped holes in corresponding tabs 50c of front magnetic plate 50. The permanent magnets 86-94 are polarized across the width thereof to establish a magnetic field B directed forwardly through the switching apparatus in the area of the arc extinguishing chambers and arc runners as may be seen in Figs. 6 and 7. The magnetic plates 50 and 84 form a magnetic path around the outside of the switching apparatus and an air gap across the respective arc extinguishing chambers. The mutually aligned tabs 50b and 84a provide a controlled air gap in the outer magnetic path and may be made to abut if so desired. Moreover, screws 96 may further enhance the magnetic loop if made of magnetic steel or the like. A movable contact assembly indicated generally by the reference number 100 is assembled to the switching apparatus 24 and linear motor 26. The movable contact assembly comprises a molded insulating contact carrier 102 to which a movable contact 104 is pivotally mounted upon a fulcrum 102a of the carrier 102. An inverted V-shaped movable contact 104 has a tie plate 106 secured across outer ends thereof by suitable means such as riveting or the like. Tie plate 106 has a downwardly directed offset U-shaped center 106a which is received within a pocket 102b of the carrier 102 wherein fulcrum 102a is provided (Fig. 2). Movable contact 104 is held against fulcrum 102a by an insulating retainer 98 which overlies a pair of upstanding tabs 106b of tie plate 106. An opposite end of retainer 98 overlies a shelf portion 102c of contact carrier 102 (Fig. 4). Referring to Figs. 2-4 and 8, a channel shaped drive link 108 is hooked to contact carrier 102 at the forward end thereof and extends rearwardly adjacent the lower surface of the contact carrier. Carrier 102 is provided with a hole 102d in the region of shelf 102c through which a pin 110 extends. The upper end of pin 110 is firmly secured in abutting relationship against the under side of retainer 98 by a screw 112 or other suitable fastener. The lower end of pin 110 is provided with a reduced diameter projection 110a which has an annular groove for receiving a C-clip 114 to firmly attach the pin 110 to the drive link 108. The forward end of drive link 108 is attached to the lower end of drive rod 34 which is provided with a reduced diameter projection 34a similar to projection 110a of pin 110. An annular shoulder formed by rod 34 and reduced diameter projection 34a abuts the upper surface of drive link 108. Projection 34a is provided with an annular groove which receives a C-clip 116 to firmly attach the lower end of drive rod 34 to drive link 108. A helical compression spring 118 is disposed around drive rod 34 between drive link 108 and contact carrier 102, biasing the drive link 108 downwardly away from carrier 102, thereby maintaining retainer 98 firmly seated against shelf 102b and holding movable contact 104 and its retainer 106 firmly in engagement with carrier 102 at fulcrum 102a. A guide rod 120 having a flanged lower end seats against an upper surface of contact carrier 102 and is secured firmly thereagainst by a screw 122 which extends through an opening in contact carrier 102 and threads into an internally threaded opening within the lower end of guide rod 120. The upper end of guide rod 120 extends into hole 54a of guide 54 to provide a second point of support for the movable contact assembly 100 parallel to the axis of plunger 36. The movable contact assembly 100 is also guided for vertical reciprocal movement by a pair of depending legs 50d (Figs. 2 and 3) which define a slot 50e therebetween (Figs. 2 and 4). Contact carrier 102 is provided with grooves 102g in lateral surfaces thereof which receive the legs 50d to further guide the movable contact assembly for reciprocal movement. With the above described assembly of a the contact mechanism to the switching apparatus and the motor, and the entire assembly completed to the header, the can 4 is brought into position over the switching apparatus wherein the open end thereof nests within the flared rear edge of header 8. The juncture of can 4 with header 8 is welded entirely around the periphery to provide a hermetic seal. The flanges 8a and 6b are joined together by fasteners 10 such as rivets to provide increased integrity against mechanical damage to the welded joint. The interior of the envelope may be exhausted and filled with an inert gas through tube 22 which is pinched shut and otherwise sealed following completion of the process. Operation of the switching apparatus of this invention will now be described. Power supply conductors (not shown) may be connected to terminals 14, 16 by screws 17. The polarity of the power supplied to the terminals is immaterial for this switching apparatus. The magnetic field B (Figs. 6 and 7) directed through the respective arc extinguishing chambers is directed from the rear to the front as entering the plane of the paper when viewing Figs. 6 and 7. The linear motor 26 is controlled from a remote location through multipin connector 12 to the electronics (not shown) of the contactor also housed within the envelope. When an appropriate coil 44 is energized, a magnetic pattern is created within the frame 28 which attracts plunger 36 against the upper wall 28d of frame 28. Once in this position, the permanent magnets 42 establish a holding path that maintains the plunger in the upper position after the coil is deenergized. In the upper position of plunger 36, drive rod 34 pulls drive link 38 upwardly which in turn drives contact carrier 102 upwardly by virtue of the resilient connection of spring 118 between drive link 108 and carrier 102. As movable contact elements 104a and 104b engage stationary contact elements 64 and 66, spring 118 compresses to provide contact closing pressure to the movable contacts. As spring 118 compresses, pin 110 is permitted movement relative to carrier 102 to move the retainer 98 upwardly away from movable contact 104, thereby providing no counter forces to the contact. A separate signal may be provided to an appropriate coil 44 to move the contactor switching apparatus to its open condition. Energization of an appropriate coil 44 establishes an opposite flux pattern in the frame 28 whereby the plunger 36 is attracted to the lower leg 28e of frame 28, thereby moving drive rod 34 to an extended position with respect to the motor assembly. In so doing, drive rod 34 drives the drive link 108 downwardly which in turn carries with it pin 110 and retainer 98 as well as carrier 102 by virtue of the hook at the forward end of drive link 108. This movement effects separation of the movable contact elements 104a and 104b from the stationary contact elements 64 and 66, thereby establishing an electric arc between the movable and stationary contacts. With reference to Figs. 6 and 7, the polarity of the power supply connected to the switching apparatus will determine whether the centrally located arc chamber or the laterally spaced pair of outboard arc extinguishing chambers will be operational in interrupting the arc. Assuming the positive potential to be connected to terminal 16 and the negative potential to be connected to terminal 14 as shown in Fig 6, current flowing in the arc will be from stationary contact element 66 to movable contact element 104b, through the movable contact 104 and from the other movable contact element 104a into stationary contact element 64. With the magnetic field B applied in the forward direction, i.e. into the paper, the magnetic field and current direction cooperate to provide forces on the arcs which drive the arcs laterally outwardly toward conductive yoke 80. As indicated in Fig. 6, the arc moves along the movable contact element, onto the movable contact, and then transfers to the respective leg of conductive yoke 80 to bridge the respective leg of the yoke and the beveled notch 60h or 62h of the respective L-shaped conductive bracket. The arc then moves upward along the respective leg of the conductive yoke and along the concave surface of the horizontal leg and arc runner of the respective L-shaped conductive bracket, causing the arc to be lengthened as it moves into the respective laterally spaced arc extinguishing chamber of splitter plate assemblies 74 or 76. The arc first moves into the lower splitter plates 78d and subsequently to the splitter plates 78c to separate the arc into smaller segments, thereby increasing the arc voltage. Each of these segments is ultimately separated into halves as the arc moves into the splitter plates 78a to further drive up the arc voltage and drive the current in the arc to zero. If the polarity of the power supply were connected in the reverse manner to the terminals 14 and 16, such as is shown in Fig. 7, then current in the arc flows from stationary contact element 64 to movable contact element 104a, through movable contact 104 to movable contact element 104b and to stationary contact element 66. With current directed in this manner and the magnetic field B forwardly directed into the paper, the combined effect of the current and magnetic field establish forces which direct the arcs laterally inwardly whereby the arc moves from the movable contact 104 to bridge the arc runners 60d and 62d of the respective conductive brackets 60 and 62. As seen in Fig. 7, the arc moves upwardly within the straight intermediate portions 60g and 62g of the arc runners and then into the divergent distal ends 60e and 62e. As the arc moves into the splitter plates of the centrally located arc chamber comprising splitter plate assemblies 70 and 72, it divides into several shorter arcs to raise the arc voltage in each shorter segment. Continued movement of the arc within the arc extinguishing chamber further divides the segments in half to drive the arc voltage even higher and the current in the arc to zero. Accordingly, the arc is either extinguished in the laterally spaced chambers comprising splitter plate assemblies 74 and 76 or in the central chamber comprising splitter plate assemblies 70 and 72, according to the polarity of the power supply connection to the switching apparatus. The unique stacked arrangement of the arc chambers and the coextensive of front-to-rear disposition of the arc chambers and the drive motor provide a particularly compact assembly capable of interrupting DC currents of large magnitude. The particular electromagnetic motor is readily and inexpensively manufactured and assembled with the various elements of the motor in precise alignment through a unique one piece frame for the motor. Although the contactor of this invention has been disclosed in a preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that it is susceptible of various modifications without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: Bi-directional direct current switching apparatus comprising: a spaced pair of conductors (60,62) connectable to a source of DC power, each conductor comprising a stationary contact (64, 66); a movable contact (104); drive means (26) operable to move said movable contact into and out of bridging engagement with said stationary contacts; and means (50,84,86,88,90,92,94) providing a magnetic field (B) across said apparatus in a region comprising said stationary contacts, said magnetic field having a magnetic flux density directed substantially normal to movement of said movable contact, said magnetic field and electric current in arcs established between said movable and stationary contacts generating forces which assist in movement of said arcs in predetermined directions away from said stationary contacts; characterized by a spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers (74,76); a third arc extinguishing chamber (70) centrally disposed relative to said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers; said conductors comprising arc runner means (60d,62d) leading from said contact to said third arc extinguishing chamber, said arc runner means being disposed between said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers; conductive means (80) spaced from said stationary contacts and extending along said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers at sides of respective said chambers opposite said arc runner means, said conductive means and said arc runner means providing respective divergent guides from said stationary contacts to said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers; said arcs being directed into said third arc extinguishing chamber or into said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers according to the polarity of said spaced pair of conductors when connected to said source of DC power. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein said conductive means (80) is electrically continuous. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein said stationary (64,66) and movable (104) contacts, said conductors (60,62), said conductive means (80) and said arc extinguishing chambers (70,74,76) are disposed in a common plane. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein said arc runner means (60d,62d) comprises an elongated strip of a respective said conductor (60,62), said strip having a generally curved configuration, said conductors being arranged wherein respective said strips are disposed in a mirror image relation with convex sides facing each other, said strips terminating in divergent portions defining an edge of said centrally located arc extinguishing chamber (70), and said pair of outwardly spaced arc extinguishing chambers (74,76) being respectively located at concave sides of said strips, a back surface of said strip defining an edge of a respective one of said pair of outwardly spaced arc extinguishing chambers. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein said strips (60d,62d) have straight intermediate portions (60g,62g) extending in spaced parallel relation away from said stationary contacts (64,66), and said pair of arc extinguishing chambers (74,76) are disposed substantially within an area proscribed by said concave side of said strip, thereby providing a compact lateral dimension for said apparatus. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein said arc extinguishing chambers (70,74,76), said arc runner strips (60d,62d) of said conductors (60,62), and said stationary (64,66) and movable (104) contacts are disposed within an insulating housing (68,82), and said means providing said magnetic field comprises ferrous plates (50,84) disposed against opposite exterior surfaces of said housing having portions (50b,84b) enveloping said housing to form a magnetic loop around said housing, and permanent magnet means (86,88,90, 92,94) adjacent at least one (84) of said ferrous plates. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 6 wherein said drive means comprises an electromagnetically operated linear motor (26) attached against one of said ferrous plates (50), said motor comprising an axially reciprocally movable plunger (36) movable parallel to movement of said movable contact (104), and means coupling said movable contact to said plunger comprising a contact carrier (102) having said movable contact mounted thereon, said carrier being guided for linear reciprocal movement, and means (34,116,118) resiliently coupling said carrier to said plunger. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 7 wherein said means resiliently coupling said carrier to said plunger comprises a drive link (108) disposed proximate said carrier (102), said plunger (36) comprising an extension (34) projecting through a clearance hole in said carrier for axial movement relative thereto, abutment means on a distal end (34) of said plunger (34,36) fixing said drive link on said plunger, spring means (118) biasing said drive link and said carrier apart, and hook means on said drive link overlying said carrier limiting separation of said carrier and drive link by said spring means. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 8 wherein said drive link (108) comprises an upstanding pin (110) axially parallel to said plunger (34,36) extending through a clearance hole in said carrier (102), a member (98) affixed to a distal end of said pin overlying said movable contact (104) and holding said movable contact to said carrier by said spring (118) bias, said pin further cooperating with said plunger and said hook guiding said drive link for movement relative to said carrier. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 9 wherein said carrier (102) comprises an upstanding pin (120) axially parallel to said plunger (36) and laterally spaced therefrom, said pin being guided for axial reciprocal movement relative to said housing (68,82) to prevent window locking of said carrier when driven by said plunger. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 10 wherein said carrier (102) is further guided for linear reciprocal movement by slots (102g) in lateral edges of said carrier slidingly received over corresponding depending legs (50d) of said one ferrous plate (50). The bidirectional direct current switching apparatus defined in any of the preceding claims wherein: said stationary contacts (64,66) and said movable contact (104) comprise a current interrupter module (24) said movable contact being linearly reciprocally movable in a first plane into and out of bridging engagement with said stationary contacts; and said drive means comprises an electromagnetically operable motor (26) having a linearly movable armature (36) reciprocally movable in a second plane, said second plane being parallel to and laterally spaced from said first plane, and means (24,102,118,116,114,112,98,106) coupling said armature to said movable contact. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 12 wherein said current interrupter module (24) comprises: said spaced pair of conductors (60,62), said conductors being generally C-shaped and laterally spaced in a mirror image relationship with respective convex surfaces facing each other, said stationary contacts (64;66) being respectively mounted on a convex surface of a lower leg of respective said C-shaped conductors; said third arc extinguishing chamber (70) being disposed adjacent upper legs of said C-shaped conductors; said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers (74,76) being respectively disposed at outboard sides of said C-shaped conductors adjacent a concave surface of respective said lower legs of said C-shaped conductors; said conductive means (80) disposed along outboard sides of said spaced pair of arc extinguishing chambers (74,76), said conductive means being laterally spaced from an end (60h,62h) of said lower leg of respective said C-shaped conductors, said conductive means being electrically continuous; terminal means (14,16) connected to said conductors (60,62) connectable to a source of DC power; and said means (50,84,86,88,90,92,94) providing a magnetic field across said module (24) perpendicular to said first axis and to a lateral plane of said modules. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein said C-shaped conductors (60,62) are elongated by generally straight portions (60g,62g) between said upper and lower legs, said straight portions extending substantially parallel toward said central arc extinguishing chamber (70), thereby providing increased area adjacent said concave surface of respective said conductors for said respective laterally spaced arc extinguishing chambers (74,76) without increasing an overall lateral dimension of said module. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein said arc extinguishing chambers (70,74,76) each comprise a plurality of non-ferrous spaced arc splitter plates (78a,78b,78c,78d,79) defining spaces therebetween open to a respective adjacent leg of said C-shaped conductors (60,62). The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein said magnetic field is provided by permanent magnet means (86,88,90,92,94) disposed in proximity to said C-shaped conductors (60,62). The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 16 further comprising: a pair of insulating covers (68,82) disposed across said arc extinguishing chambers (70,74,76), conductors (60,62), and conductive means (80) at front and rear surfaces thereof, respectively; a pair of magnetic plates (50,84) secured against faces of said covers, one of said plates having said permanent magnet means (86,88,90,92,94) attached thereto disposed between said one plate (84) and a respective said cover (82), said magnetic plates including means (50b,84a) magnetically interconnecting said plates to form a magnetic path around said module (24). The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 17 wherein said electromagnetically operable motor (26) comprises: a one-piece magnetic frame (28) attached to an other (50) of said magnetic plates, said frame having upper (28d) and lower (28e) end walls disposed perpendicularly to said second axis; a pair of coils (44) having cylindrical openings disposed axially end-to-end between said upper and lower end walls along said second axis; and wherein said armature comprises a cylindrical plunger (36) axially movable within said openings. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 18 wherein said coils (44) comprise molded insulating bobbins (38), respective adjacent ends of said coils having cylindrical sleeves (38b) projecting therefrom around said opening, said sleeves extending into a complemental opening of a discrete alignment member (40) disposed between said adjacent ends to maintain said openings of said coils coaxially aligned. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 19 wherein said lower end wall (28e) of said frame has a hole (28p) having a smaller diameter than said plunger (36), and said means coupling said armature to said movable contact comprises a non-magnetic (34) pin extending through said hole in said lower end wall and attached to said plunger. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 20 wherein said means coupling said armature to said movable contact further comprises a contact carrier (102) having said movable contact (104) mounted thereon, said carrier being guided for linear reciprocal movement along said first axis, and means (34,116,118) comprising a resilient connection between said carrier and said pin. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 21 wherein said resilient connection comprises a drive link (108) disposed below said carrier (102), said pin (34) extending through clearance holes in said carrier and said drive link for relative axial movement therebetween, said pin having an enlarged head maintaining said drive link secured thereon, a spring (118) disposed between said drive link and said carrier biasing said carrier away from said drive link, and hook means on said drive link overlying said carrier, limiting separation of said carrier and said drive link. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 22 wherein said drive link (108) comprises an upstanding projection (110) rigid therewith extending through an aligned clearance opening in said carrier (102), said projection having a clamp member (98) overlying said movable contact (104), biasing said movable contact against said carrier by said spring (118). The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 23 wherein said other magnetic plate (50) comprises a pair of opposed edges (50d) extending parallel to said first axis and said carrier comprises a pair of slots (102g) at lateral edges thereof complementally disposed around said opposed edges for guiding said carrier for linear reciprocal movement along said first axis. The bi-directional direct current switching apparatus defined in claim 24 wherein said carrier (102) comprises an upstanding pin (120) axially parallel to said first and second axes, said pin being guided (54) relative to said housing (68,82) to prevent window locking of said carrier when driven by said motor (26).

Inventors: JUDS MARK ALLAN, KIHN ROBERT ANDREW, MOLDOVAN PETER KLAUS, JUDS, MARK ALLAN, KIHN, ROBERT ANDREW, MOLDOVAN, PETER KLAUS
Applicants: EATON CORP, EATON CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H01H9
IPC codes: H01H9, H01H33, H01H51