Magnetic disk drive

Abstract: A magnetic disk drive comprises a cartridge (234) including a planar magnetic recording medium (222), a spindle (232) fixed to the central part of the magnetic recording medium, a magnetic head (223) which is fixed to an actuator (225) through a suspension (224) and which magnetically writes information on the magnetic recording medium and reads the information recorded on the magnetic recording medium, and a shutter mechanism which is closed so as to accomodate at least the spindle in the cartridge in a sealed state and which is opened so as to expose at least a part of the spindle. Further a driving device including a loading mechanism for mounting the cartridge on the driving device while opening the shutter mechanism and for removing the cartridge while closing the shutter mechanism, a spindle driving mechanism (236) for rotating the magnetic recording medium and an actuator driving mechanism (237) for moving the position of the magnetic head is provided. A means moves the magnetic head outside of the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium in a plane which is parallel to the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium by rotating the actuator when the shutter mechanism is closed. A retracting cam pushes up the suspension when the shutter is closed; and a ramp loading mechanism (229) receives the suspension and holds the vertical position of magnetic head when the magnetic head moves outside of the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium and the suspension is pushed up.

Description: The present invention relates to an magnetic disk drive according to the pre-characterizing part of claim 1. Fig. 5 is a plan view of another conventional magnetic disk drive shown in International Publication No. W089/08313. This is a typical 76 mm fixed disk drive. In Fig. 5, the reference numeral 108 represents an FPC (flexible printed circuit), 110 a base, 122 a hard recording medium using an aluminium alloy as a base material, 123 a magnetic head for writing and reading information while floating above the recording medium 122 with a minute space therebetween, 124 a suspension made of an SUS spring material which is pivotally supported by the upper portion of the magnetic head 123, 125 an actuator to which the suspension 120 is fixed and which rocks the magnetic head 123 approximately in the radial direction above one recording medium 122, 126 a pivot as the center axis of the rocking movement of the actuator 125, 127 a coil bobbin which is fixed to the actuator 125 at the end opposite to the end to which the suspension 124 is fixed, 128 a magnet which vertically sandwiches the coil bobbin 127 with a minute space therebetween, and 129 a ramp loading mechanism which comes into contact with the suspension 124 and holds the magnetic head 123 with a predetermined distance from the recording medium 123 when the magnetic head 123 moves outside of the recording medium 122. Fig. 6A is a side elevational view of the disk drive shown in Fig. 5. The reference numeral 141 represents a printed circuit board, 130 a cover which is bonded to the base 110 shown in Fig. 5 so as to seal the disk drive, and 131 a rubber cushion which is attached to the bottom surface of the base 110 so as to mitigate the vibration and the shock of the disk drive. The operation of the fixed disk drive (HDD), shown in Fig. 5, will now be explained. The hard medium 122 produced by applying, plating or sputtering a magnetic material on a base of an aluminium alloy is rotated at a high speed, and the magnetic head 123 is positioned at the desired track of the recording medium 122 in accordance with the command from the system while floating thereabove at a minute height of the submicron order for writing or reading information. At this time, the actuator 125 for moving the magnetic head 123 is rocked around the pivot 126 by the rotational force produced by the electromagnetic induction between the magnet 128 and the coil bobbin 127. In this way, since the structure composed of the magnetic head 123, the suspension 124, the actuator 125 and the coil bobbin 127 has the center of the moment of inertia in the vicinity of the pivot 126 and the magnetic head 123 is floating above the recording medium 122, the frictional resistance is small. In addition, since a ball bearing is used for the pivot 126, the rotational frictional resistance is small. For these reasons, it is possible to rock the magnetic head 123 at a high speed. In this HDD, it is possible to slightly move and position the magnetic head 123 by the servo information which is written in the recording medium 122 in advance and the function of the printed circuit board 124. As a result, it is possible to increase the number of tracks, thereby realizing high-density high-capacity recording. In addition, when the magnetic head 123 is not used for writing/reading for a long time or when the power source is off, the actuator 125 is moved to the outer peripheral side and the suspension 124 is mounted on the ramp loading mechanism 129, thereby keeping the magnetic head 123 at a predetermined position outside of the recording medium 122. In this way, it is possible to reduce the consumption power and prevent the recording medium 122 from being damaged due to the tapping of the magnetic head 123 on the recording medium 122 while the disk drive is not operated. As described above, since the magnetic head 123 floats above the recording medium 122 at a height of the submicron order, it is necessary to prevent the ingress of dust from the outside in order to realize accurate operation of the apparatus. For this purpose, the cover 130 is bonded to the base 110 through a gasket so as to seal the disk drive. The fixed disk drive can have a sealed structure because the recording medium is not replaceable. However, various elements such as a spindle motor driving mechanism and an actuator driving mechanism are accommodated in the sealed container, the disk drive as a whole becomes inconveniently large. WO 89/08313 already discloses a disk drive apparatus for information storage systems which includes one or more hard disks. A rotary actuator includes an arm assembly having a cam follower for use in dynamically loading/unloading the magnetic head. The cam follower moves along a ramp for loading/unloading. The head is parked when the apparatus is removed from the storage system. In this position, the head is fixed to the actuator by means of a flexible suspension in such a manner that the magnetic head can be pushed vertically relative to the actuator to move the head outside of the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium. A ramp loading mechanism is provided for receiving the suspension and holding the vertical position of the magnetic head. The suspension is caused to pivot upon a preselected command given to the actuator driving mechanism. Is is the object of the present invention to enhance the shock resistance of the cartridge in the state of being removed from the driving device with a simple and reliable mechanism. For solving this object, a magnetic disk drive according to the invention comprises the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the magnetic disk drive according to the present invention are defined in the subclaims. In this structure, when the cartridge is removed from the driving device, the shutter mechanism is closed and the suspension is mounted on the ramp loading mechanism. In this state, the position of the magnetic head is approximately fixed, so that the cartridge has a sufficient resistance to a shock which may be applied thereto from the outside. Accordingly, although the cartridge accommodates a part (eg., the actuator, spindle) of the driving mechanism, which are precision machines generally susceptible to an external shock, the cartridge is easy to handle. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is perspective view of an embodiment of a magnetic disk drive according to the present invention; Fig. 2A is a plan view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 2B is a B-B sectional side elevational view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2A; Fig. 3A is a plan view of the bottom of the cartridge in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, in the state in which the shutter mechanism is open; Fig. 3B is a plan view of the bottom of the cartridge of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, in the state in which the shutter mechanism is closed; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the actuator in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a plan view of a conventional magnetic disk drive; Fig. 6A is a side elevational view of the conventional magnetic disk drive shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. 6B is a plan view of the circuit printed board in the conventional magnetic disk drive shown in Fig. 5. An embodiment of the present invention will be explained hereinunder with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. The reference numeral 232 represents a spindle on which a recording medium 222 of substantially not more than 76 mm in diameter is mounted and which rotates with high accuracy, 233 is a moving magnet fixed to one end of an actuator 225 which is opposite to the end at which a suspension 224 is fixed, and 234 is a cartridge composed of a cover 230 and a base 210 and accommodating various elements therein. The cartridge 234 has a height of about less than 10 mm, a width of about less than 70 mm and a length of about less than 106 mm. The reference numeral 235 denotes a driving device into which the cartridge 234 is integrally inserted, and 236 a spindle motor driving mechanism which is composed of a plurality of flat coils 236a and which is disposed in the driving device 235 at the position which opposes the bottom portion of the spindle 232. The reference numeral 237 represents an actuator driving mechanism disposed in the driving device 235 at the position which opposes the bottom portion of the actuator 225, 238 a slot cover for covering the upper portion of the driving device 235 in the state in which the cartridge 234 is inserted thereinto, 239 a slot door provided at one end of the slot cover 238 so as to be opened and closed when the cartridge 234 is inserted or removed, 240 a loading mechanism provided in the driving device 235 so as to mount and remove the cartridge 234 on and from the driving device 235, 240a an L-shaped end portion of the loading mechanism 240, 240b the other end portion of the loading mechanism 240 and 241 a shutter mechanism which is composed of a magnetic shielding material and which slides so as to expose or cover the bottom portion of the actuator 225 and the bottom portion of the spindle 232 coupled with the operation of mounting or removing the cartridge 234. The reference numeral 242 represents a positioning pin A provided on the driving device 235 so as to determine the position of the cartridge 234 when the cartridge 234 is inserted, 243 a positioning pin B provided on the driving device 235 similarly to the positioning pin A 242, and 244 a connector A which is provided in the driving device 235 so as to come into contact with a connector B 245 (shown in Fig. 3A) in electric conduction which is provided on the bottom portion of the cartridge 234 in electrical connection with an FPC 208 which transmits a signal of a magnetic head 223. The reference numeral 246 represents a system connector which is attached to a printed circuit board 214 at one end of the driving device 235 so as to connect the driving device 235 to the system. In Fig. 3A, the reference numeral 253 denotes a retracting cam A which is provided on the bottom surface of the cartridge 234 and which is rotated by means of a spring or the like. The reference numeral 254 in Fig. 1 represents a retracting cam B which is provided in the cartridge 234 and which has the same rotational shaft as the retracting cam A 253. The reference numeral 226 denotes a pivot and 229 a ramp loading mechanism. Fig. 2A is a plan view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 in the state in which the cartridge 234 is integrally inserted into the driving device 235 and Fig. 2B is a sectional side elevational view thereof. In Figs. 2A and 2B, the reference numeral 247 represents a spindle housing which constitutes a bearing of the spindle 232, 248 a subbase to which the spindle housing 247 and a bearing portion 225a of the actuator 225 are fixed, 249 a subplate to which the subbase 248 is fixed through a column 252, 250 a buffer material with which the gap between the subbase and the inner wall of the cartridge 234 and the gap between the subplate 249 and the inner wall of the cartridge 234 are filled. The reference numeral 251 represents a rotor which constitutes the bottom portion of the spindle 232. The rotor 251 is composed of a magnet which has a plurality of magnetic poles in the circumferential direction in correspondence with number of the flat coils 236a of the spindle driving mechanism 236. The reference numeral 255 in Fig. 4 denotes a yoke which constitutes the moving magnet 233, 256 a pair of magnets fixed to both ends of the yoke 255, and 257 a coil wound around the actuator driving mechanism 237 in a flat shape. The reference numeral 213 represents a push button and 223 the magnetic head in Figs. 2A and 2B. Figs. 3A and 3B show the cartridge 234 and Fig. 4 shows the structure of the actuator 225 and the vicinity thereof. Figs. 5A to 5D show the structure of the spindle 232, the spindle motor driving mechanism and the vicinity thereof. The operation of this magnetic disk drive will now be explained. When the user pushes the cartridge 234 into the slot cover 238 while pressing the cartridge 234 against the slot door 239 in the direction indicated by the arrow A in Fig. 1, the slot door 239 swivels inwardly and downwardly around the axis B to clear the entrance. The cartridge 234 is then inserted into the slot cover 238 along the L-shaped end portions 240a of the loading mechanism 240 with the slot door 239 pressed under the cartridge 234 until the cartridge 234 abuts against the positioning pin A 242 and the positioning pin B 243 and is stopped thereby. Simultaneously, the loading mechanism 240 is lowered, and the cartridge 234 is also lowered by virtue of the L-shaped end portions 240a, thereby being united with the driving device 235 into one body. When the cartridge 234 is inserted, the end portions 240b of the loading mechanism 240 slide the shutter mechanism 241 in the opposite direction to the direction of cartridge insertion in correspondence with the amount of horizontal movement of the cartridge 234. As a result, the shuttering mechanism 241 exposes a part of the actuator 225 in the vicinity of the moving magnet 233 and a part of the spindle 232 in the vicinity of the bottom portion of the rotor 251, both of which have been covered by the shutter mechanism 241 on the base 210, and the connector B 245, as shown in Fig. 3A. In this way, the cartridge 234 is united with the driving device 235 into one body with the bottom portion of the rotor 251 of the spindle 232 facing the spindle motor driving mechanism 236, and the magnetic poles of the pair of magnets 256 of the moving magnet 233 facing the actuator driving mechanism 237. In this state, the connector A 244 of the driving mechanism 235 comes into contact with the connector B 245 of the cartridge 234 and they are electrically connected with each other. When a command such as writing and reading is transmitted from the system to the driving device 235 through the system connector 246, a current flows to the spindle driving mechanism 236 in accordance with the command, so that the spindle 232 is rotated by the electromagnetic induction produced between the spindle driving mechanism 236 and the rotor 251. When the number of revolutions of the spindle 232 reaches a stationary number of revolutions and the spindle 232 rotates normally, a control current flows to the actuator driving mechanism 237, and the electromagnetic induction by a magnetic circuit constituted by the actuator driving mechanism 237 and the moving magnet 233 produces the force for moving the moving magnet 233. As a result, the actuator 225 with the suspension 224 mounted on the ramp loading mechanism 229 rotates around the pivot 226, so that the suspension 224 leaves the ramp loading mechanism 229 and the magnetic head 223 moves to the outer periphery of the recording medium 222 while floating thereabove at a slight height. In this state, it is possible to rock the actuator 225 by varying the direction of the current flow, and it is possible to position the magnetic head 223 at a desired position on the recording medium 22 for the writing/reading operation by controlling the amount of current. The written/read signal is transmitted to the connector A 244 through the FPC 208, and to the connector B 245 which is electrically connected to the connector A 244. The signal is then subjected to a predetermined processing by the printed circuit board 214 provided on the bottom portion of the driving device 235 and transmitted to the system through the system connector 246. The operation of removing the cartridge 234 from the driving device 235 after the end of a predetermined operation will now be explained. When the push button 213 is pressed, the loading mechanism 240 is raised and the cartridge 234 is also raised therewith. The connector A 244 is separated from the connector B 245, whereby the bottom portion of the rotor 251 of the spindle 232 is moved from position which faces the spindle motor driving mechanism 236 and the magnetic poles of the pair of magnets 256 of the moving magnet 233 are moved from the position which faces the actuator driving mechanism 237. In this state, it is possible to remove the cartridge 234 from the driving device 235. When the cartridge 234 is drawn, the shutter mechanism 241 slides in the opposite direction to the direction of cartridge removal in correspondence with the amount of horizontal movement of the cartridge 234. The shutter mechanism 241 thus covers the part of the actuator 225 in the vicinity of the moving magnet 233, the part of the spindle 232 in the vicinity of the bottom portion of the rotor 251, and further the connector B 245, as shown in Fig. 3B. The operation of the actuator 225 at the time of removing the cartridge 234 will here be explained. When the power source of the driving device 235 is turned OFF and the push button 213 is pressed so as to remove the cartridge 234, the charges on a capacitor or the like which is provided on the printed circuit board 214 flow to the coil 257 the moment the power source is turned OFF, and the force produced by the electromagnetic induction acts on the coil 257. The actuator 225 then rotates around the pivot 226, and the magnetic head 223 moves toward the outer periphery of the recording medium 222 until it is stopped when the suspension 224 is mounted on the ramp loading mechanism 229. In this way, the magnetic head 223 is kept outside of the recording medium 222. If the push button 213 is pressed while the power source is ON, since the loading mechanism 240 is raised, as described above, the cartridge 234 is also raised with the loading mechanism 240 and the connector A 244 is separated from the connector B 245, the recording medium 222 keeps on rotating a little while together with the spindle 232 by the inertia. During this time, the magnetic head 223 is floating above the recording medium 222 although the floating height is reduced in proportional to the reduction in the rotational speed. When the cartridge 234 is drawn, the retracting cam A 253 which has been restrained from rotating by the positioning pin B 243 rotates and the retracting cam B 254 which rotates with the rotation of the retracting cam A 253 abuts against the moving magnet 233 and pushes it away. As a result, the actuator 225 rotates and the magnetic head 223 moves toward the outer periphery of the recording medium 222 until it is stopped when the suspension 224 is mounted on the ramp loading mechanism 229. In this way, the magnetic head 223 is kept outside of the recording medium 222. It goes without saying that since the retracting cam A 253 is restrained from rotating by the positioning pin B 243 and the retracting cam B 254 is kept away from the rocking range of the moving magnet 233 while the cartridge 234 is inserted, neither the retracting cam A 253 nor the retracting cam B 254 obstructs the rocking movement of the actuator 225. In this way, in the cartridge 234 removed from the driving device 235, the magnetic head 223 is constantly kept outside of the recording medium 222 and even if vibration or a shock is applied to the cartridge 234, the recording medium 222 is precluded from the possibility of being damaged due to the tapping of the magnetic head 223. In the base 210, the vicinity of the moving magnet 233 and the vicinity of the rotor 251 of the spindle 232 are composed of a nonmagnetic material and the other portion is made of a magnetic shielding material. In addition, in the cartridge 234 which is removed from the driving device 235, the portions of the nonmagnetic material in the vicinity of the moving magnet 233 and in the vicinity of the rotor 251 of the spindle 232 of the base 210 are covered with the shutter mechanism 241 composed of a magnetic shielding material. Accordingly, there is no fear of the information written on the recording medium 222 being damaged due to external influence.

Claims: A magnetic disk drive comprising: A) a cartridge (234) including: a) a planar magnetic recording medium (222); b) a spindle (232) fixed to the central part of the magnetic recording medium (222); c) a magnetic head (223) which is fixed to an actuator (225) through a suspension (224) and which magnetically writes information on the magnetic recording medium (222) and reads the information recorded on the magnetic recording medium (222); the suspension (224) being a leaf spring with one end being fixed to the actuator (225) and the other end supporting the magnetic head (223) in such a manner as to enable the magnetic head to be pushed up vertically relative to the actuator (225); d) the actuator (225) which supports the magnetic head (223) at one end thereof and which rocks around the pivot (226) in a plane parallel to the recording medium (222); e) a shutter mechanism (241) which is closed so as to accomodate at least the spindle (232) in the cartridge (234) in a sealed state and which is opened so as to expose at least a part of the spindle (232); and B) a driving device (235) including: f) a loading mechanism (240) for mounting the cartridge (234) on the driving device (235) while opening the shutter mechanism (241) and for removing the cartridge (234) while closing the shutter mechanism (241); g) a spindle driving mechanism (236) for rotating the magnetic recording medium (222) by rotating the spindle (232) in the state in which the cartridge (234) is mounted; h) an actuator driving mechanism (233, 237) including a moving magnet (233) for moving the position of the magnetic head (223) by rocking the actuator (225) in the state in which the cartridge (234) is mounted; and i) a ramp loading mechanism (229) for receiving the suspension (224) and holding the vertical position of magnetic head (223) when the magnetic head (223) moves outside of the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium (222) characterized by j) a means (253, 254) for moving the magnetic head (223) outside of the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium (222) in a plane which is parallel to the recording surface of the magnetic recording medium (222) by rotating the actuator (225) when the shutter mechanism (241) is closed, said means including a first and second retracting cams (253, 254), said first retracting cam (253) being freed for rotation while the shutter (241) is closing and said second retracting cam (254) rotating when said first retracting cam (253) rotates for pushing away said moving magnet (233) to mount the suspension (224) on said ramp loading mechanism (229). A magnetic disk drive according to Claim 1, wherein the shutter mechanism (241) is composed of a magnetic shielding material. A magnetic disk drive according to Claim 1, wherein the surface of the cartridge (234) except the surface which faces the spindle driving mechanism (236) and the actuator driving mechanism (237) is covered with a magnetic shielding material. A magnetic disk drive according to Claim 1, the cartridge (234) further includes a means for covering the surface which faces the spindle driving mechanism (236) and the actuator driving mechanism (237) with a nonmagnetic material when the shutter mechanism (241) is closed. A magnetic disk drive according to Claim 1, wherein the cartridge (234) further includes a cartridge connecting mechanism (245) for fetching driving currents for driving the spindle (232) and the actuator (225), respectively, from a driving circuit and transmitting and receiving an electric signal between the magnetic head (223) and the driving circuit; and the driving device (235) further includes a driving device connecting mechanism (244) which is connected to the cartridge connecting mechanism (245) and which is separated from the cartridge connecting mechanism (245) when the cartridge (234) is removed from the driving device (235). A magnetic disk drive according to Claim 1, wherein the cartridge (234) further includes: a case which is composed of a base (210) and a cover (230) and which constitutes the outer frame of the cartridge (234); a subbase (248) for fixing the spindle (232) and the pivot (226) of the actuator (225); a subplate (249) which is supported by the subbase (248) and which covers the magnetic recording medium (222); and a buffer material (250) with which the gap between the subbase (248) and the inner wall of the case and the gap between the subplate (249) and the inner wall of the case are filled.

Inventors: KAMO MASAYOSHI, KAWADA JUNJI, SHOJI KENJI, KAMO, MASAYOSHI, KAWADA, JUNJI, SHOJI, KENJI
Applicants: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP, MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G11B25
IPC codes: G11B25, G11B23, G11B5, G11B19, G11B17, G11B33