Downhole hydraulic shock absorber

Abstract: A shock absorber apparatus for use in a tool string comprises outer (94,96,98) and inner (38) casings telescopically assembled with one casing having an uphole threaded joint member (12) and the other casing having a downhole threaded joint member (106). The concentric casings define spaced sealed voids (148,180) communicating through a metering sleeve clearance (200) that are filled with a compressible oil. Shock wave induced relative movement of the casings from either direction causes a shock absorbing displacement of oil from one void to the other via the metering clearance. Coil springs (182) may be disposed in the voids to aid in shock absorption.

Description: This invention relates to hydraulic shock absorbers for downhole use, for example for insertion in a drill or tubing string to isolate downhole explosive apparatus. A number of shock absorber devices have been devised for isolating vibrations or explosive energy from more sensitive instruments in an oil well borehole. U.S. patent specification nos. 4,817,710 and 4,693,317 describe a borehole shock absorber that is used for guarding against both longitudinal and radial shock as it affects a gauge carrier or the like. U.S. patent specification no. 2,577,599 is an early teaching of a shock proof case providing wireline support of an instrument housing assembly through a series of resilient elastomeric isolation pads. U.S. patent specification no. 3,714,831 exemplifies the types of device that function to carry a measuring instrument suspended within such as a drill collar section that is designed to receive the instrument. Once again, an elastomeric body or series of annular bodies disposed between the instrument and the drill-collar frame provide reduced vibration suspension of the measuring instrument. This type of device also allows for central passage of drilling fluid through the drill collar simultaneously with sensing operations. U.S. patent specification no. 4,628,995 describes a carrier for supporting pressure gauges on a tool string while providing seating for one or more of the pressure gauges. This device utilizes a restricted flow passageway that impedes the flow of hydraulic well fluid under the effect of the pressure surge at detonation of a perforator, and subsequent expansion of the fluid pressure in an enlarged bore section damps the pressure surge to safely to isolate the pressure-sensitive component. GB-A-2025490 discloses a hydraulic shock absorber apparatus for absorbing shock vibration along a drilling tool string, comprising an outer casing having thread connector means on one end for securing into said tool string, and having a cap means on the other end that defines an axial opening; an inner casing slidably disposed through said axial opening with one end extending coaxially within the outer casing and defining an annular space adjacent thereto, and the other end having a threaded joint connector for securing into said tool string; metering means disposed around said inner casing and dividing said annular space into first and second cylindrical voids that are in communication through a restricted metering clearance; and oil filling the said voids and said clearance. The present invention is characterized in that the said metering means is a sleeve being maintained in position on the inner casing between an annular band on the inner casing and an annular locking ring axially spaced from the said band, the said sleeve and the outer casing forming therebetween a metering clearance of a predetermined value, which constitutes the sole communication between the said annular voice to provide a damping effect in both directions of relative longitudinal movement between the inner and outer casings, and in that said oil is an oil of predetermined compressibility. The arrangement disclosed in GB-A-2025490 provides for damping in one direction, whereas the apparatus of the present invention provides for bi-directional damping, enabling the apparatus to protect the drilling string against the effects of jet detonation travelling either upwardly or downwardly in the tool string. Additionally, this construction permits the metering clearance to be determined or changed simply by suitable dimensioning (or substitution) of the metering sleeve means. Preferably, the oil is a silicone oil of appropriate compressibility. It is also preferred to include first and second compression springs each aligned in a respective one of the first and second cylindrical voids. In order that the invention may be more fully understood, an embodiment thereof will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1A is a view in vertical section of a top portion of the embodiment of shock absorber assembly; Figure 1B is a view in vertical section of the upper mid-portion of the shock absorber assembly; Figure 1C is a view in vertical section of the lower mid-portion of the assembly; and Figure 1D is a view in vertical section of the lower part of the shock absorber assembly. Figures 1A to 1D illustrate an embodiment of shock absorber assembly 10 in accordance with the invention. The upper end of assembly 10 (Figure 1A) consists of a box-type cylindrical joint 12 having female joining threads 14. the lower end of cylindrical joint 12 includes an axial, threaded bore 16 for receiving a threaded outer surface 18 of an adaptor sleeve 20 securely therein. A pair of elastomer sealing rings 22, 24 seated within annular grooves 26, 28 provide fluid-tight affixture of adaptor sleeve 20 and cylindrical joint 12. A plurality of longitudinal flats formed around the adaptor sleeve 20 to provide a wrench space for tightening connection. The lower end of sleeve adaptor 20 is formed with an axial bore 32 having threads 34 for receiving outer end threads 36 of a mandrel 38 (see Figure 1B). The mandrel 38 defines an internal flow way or bore 40 which aligns coaxially with bore 42 of the cylindrical joint 12. Elastomer O-ring seals 44 seated within respective annular grooves 46 provide sealing structure. An upset annular band 48 is formed around mandrel 38 about mid-length. Band 48 serves as a positioning member retaining one end of a metering sleeve 50. As shown in Figure 1C, the metering sleeve 50 is retained at the other end by means of a C-ring 52 and locking ring 54 as seated within an annular groove 56 formed in mandrel 38. Referring also to Figure 1D, the lower end of mandrel 38 is formed with external threads 58 for sealing engagement within internal bore threads 60 of a lower adaptor 62. Fluid-tight affixture of adaptor 62 is assured by the plurality of elastomer O-rings 64 seated within annular grooves 66. Adaptor 62 includes a coaxial bore 64 while the outer cylindrical surface is formed with a downwardly facing annular shoulder 70 to form into a reduced radius outer cylindrical surface 72, the bottom of which has external threads 74 formed thereon. A lower retaining cap 76 having threads 78 is then secured over the lower end of adaptor 62. The cap 76 includes axial opening 80 as an upper annular surface 82 provides abutment for a seal consisting of two elastomer O-rings 84, 86 retained between two square TEFLON® rings 88 and 90. Outer casing structure consists of an end cap 92, an upper sleeve 94, an adaptor 96, and a lower sleeve 98. Lower sleeve 98 (Figure 1D) includes internal threads 100 for receiving threads 102 of a collar 104 extending a pin-type joint structure 106 having male joining threads 108 and suitable sealing ring 110. The joint end 106 defines an axial bore 112 that is concentric with the remaining axial bores 40, 42 through the shock absorber apparatus 10 to allow fluid flow therethrough. The upper cap 92 includes an inner bore 114 that is slidingly received over adaptor sleeve 20. See Figure 1A. Cap 92 also extends a collar 116 having threads 118 for secure connection within internal threads 120 of upper sleeve 94. The inside cylindrical wall 122 of upper sleeve 94 extends a plurality of splines 124 radially inward from cylindrical wall 122, the splines 124 extending from a point adjacent the bottom annular surface 126 of sleeve 20 up to a point wherein a sealing space 128 is formed beneath the upper end cap 114. Thus, a square brass ring 130 is slidably received for abutment against the ends of splines 124. A standard type of seal consisting of square TEFLON® rings 132 and 134 on each side of a pair of elastomer O-rings 136 and 138 fills out the void 128 beneath upper cap 92. The lower portion of adaptor sleeve 20 (Figure 1B) includes a circumferential array of lands 140 each of which is disposed to slidably fit between respective ones in the circumferential series of splines 124. The lands 140 may be on the order of 19 mm (three-quarters inch) arcuate length with the splines 124 formed to be about 6.4 mm (one-quarter inch) radial dimension. The dimensions of lands 140 and splines 124 are not critical so long as the slidable engagement maintains axial alignment while allowing sufficient torque force exchange. In Figure 1B, a perforate annular ring 142 having a plurality of holes 144 therethrough is disposed adjacent the annular surface 126 of adaptor sleeve 20. The perforate ring 142 provides footing for a spring 146 disposed within a circular void 148. The other end of spring 146 is buttressed against a perforate ring 150 having a plurality of equi-spaced holes 152. The perforate ring 150 is supported against the annular surface 154 of adaptor 96 as internal threads 156 of upper sleeve 94 are engaged with adaptor external threads 158 of adaptor 96 as a pair of elastomer O-rings 160 are seated within grooves 162. Referring to Figure 1C, a lower collar 164 of adaptor 96 includes external threads 166 which serve for engagement with internal threads 168 of lower sleeve 98. A pair of sealing O-rings 170 seated within grooves 172 provide fluid-tight joinder of lower sleeve 98 to adaptor 96, and lower annular surface 174 of collar 164 provides a seating surface for yet another perforate ring 176 having holes 178. The perforate ring 176 defines a void space 180 in which is disposed a spring 182 as supported on the opposite end by a perforate ring 184 having feed-through holes 186. The perforate ring 184 is further supported by an annular shoulder 188 formed about the inner cylindrical wall 190 of the lower sleeve 98. The shock absorber apparatus 10 utilizes a suitably compressible oil in certain interior spaces as will be further described below. A particularly desirable oil is silicone oil which exhibits a compressibility between 6½% and 7% at about 68.9 MPa (10,000 psi) pressure. This compressibility quotient is in a range that facilitates operation of the present invention. The silicon oil is input to the assembled shock absorber assembly 10 through sealed screw plugs 190 (Figure 1A), 192 (Figure 1C), and 194 (Figure 1D). Filling of oil through these sealed screw plugs places oil in interior spaces such as clearance 196 within upper sleeve 94 and through splines 124, in communication with void 148 via ring holes 144. The flow space extends further through ring holes 152 and clearance space 198 to the metering clearance 200 adjacent the metering sleeve 50 (Figure 1B). The metering sleeve 50 is formed from a suitable high performance plastic such as RYTON™ and the metering clearance 200 can be adjusted by machining or replacement of sleeves 50 thereby to adjust the rate of oil displacement within the void spaces, depending upon the exigencies of the particular application. Further flow communication from metering clearance 200 communicates via ring holes 178 through void space 180 and ring holes 186 to a lower sleeve clearance 202 which terminates at the seal combination made up of TEFLON® rings 88, 90 and O-ring seals 84, 86. In a present design, the springs 146 and 182 are rated to be 24.6 cm (9.69 inches) free length with a 3.8 cm (1.5 inch) preload compression while accounting for a 10.2 cm (4 inch) travel during shock absorption. There is a 305 kg (672 pound) installation load on the springs in quiescent state and they are compressible at a 203 kg (448 pounds) per 2.54 cm (inch) rate, thus requiring 813 kg (1790 pounds) per 10.2 cm (4 inch) travel during shock absorption compression. The volume of void space in spring voids 148 and 180 is 1.04 dm³ (63.44 cubic inches) and the volume of silicone oil in quiescent state contained with the springs 146, 182 is 0.62 dm³ (37.93 cubic inches) including the various clearance spaces. In operation, the shock absorber apparatus 10 is assembled with a metering sleeve 50 that provides the desired metering clearance positioned adjacent adaptor 96 as other components are assembled to make-up the tool. The interior reservoir spaces are then filled with silicone oil of selected compressibility through the respective sealable screw plugs 190, 192 and 194. In some cases, where lesser violent shock may be encountered, the assembly 10 may be utilized without inclusion of the heavy steel springs 146 and 182. In their place, additional volume of silicone oil is included since the oil compressibility provides sufficiently rapid reaction to absorb up-going or down-going shock. The tool string may include an absorber assembly 10 at various points along the string, and perforating jets may be located either above or below during detonation. Thus, the jarring effect as transmitted to the tubing may be either up-going or down-going as it creates a tremendous shock wave which sensitive gauges and recorders must endure. Any metering system that is built to handle the instantaneous loads of the shock absorber assembly 10 must be able to meter fast in order to reduce the loading, otherwise the shock absorber will effectively become a rigid member of the tubing string. The metering system of assembly 10 is formed between the clearances of the outside diameter of mandrel 38 and the inside diameter of the outer sleeve and adaptor components, and metering tolerance can be adjusted by inter-changeability of mandrel parts, particularly the metering sleeve 50. The shock force generated by the jets' detonation peaks within .045 seconds of initiation. Thus, the action of the shock absorber must be very fast in order to be effective. In a first case, with springs 146 and 182 eliminated, the compressibility of the silicone oil load within the reservoir spaces will provide sufficiently fast reaction to absorb the requisite shock. As the shock force affects the shock absorbing apparatus 10, the outer sleeve components tend toward the movement as indicated by major arrow 210 (Figure 1A) as opposite reaction of the inner or mandrel components moves in the direction of major arrow 212 (Figure 1D). For an up-going force, the outer sleeve structure including adaptor 96 and upper and lower sleeves 94 and 98 are urged upward in the direction of major arrow 210 and this tends to compress the oil contained within void 180 as released oil is metered through metering clearance 200 into the void 148 thereabove. Thus, the up-going force is effectively cushioned by the compressible oil which then rapidly decompresses to equalize pressures throughout the interior void spaces of shock absorber apparatus 10. The apparatus 10 would function in equal but opposite manner in response to down-going forces in the direction of major arrow 212. Thus, downward relative movement of inner mandrel 38 and associated components would force silicone oil from the upper void space 148 in metered amounts through metering clearance 200 to the lower void space 180 whereupon the components would then assume initial position as the oil pressures equalize. Inclusion of the springs 146 and 182 within the respective upper and lower void spaces 148 and 180 would tend to provide additional cushioning of initial force so that greater forces can be absorbed by the apparatus 10 with little or no adverse effect to sensitive components along the tool string. The foregoing discloses a novel form of shock absorber for inclusion in the tool string to isolate intense vibration and shock from sensitive components. The device can be readily assembled with interchangeable components that enable adjustment of spring and spring recovery forces so that the apparatus can be adapted for use in any of a great number of shock absorption situations. In addition, the shock absorber apparatus has the capability of being reactive to shock forces that approach from either end of the apparatus while providing equal isolation.

Claims: A hydraulic shock absorber apparatus for absorbing shock vibration along a drilling tool string, comprising an outer casing (94,96,98) having thread connector means (100) on one end for securing into said tool string, and having a cap means (92) on the other end that defines an axial opening (114); an inner casing (38) slidably disposed through said axial opening with one end extending coaxially within the outer casing and defining an annular space (148,180) adjacent thereto, and the other end having a threaded joint connector (12) for securing into said tool string; metering means (50) disposed around said inner casing and dividing said annular space into first (148) and second (180) cylindrical voids that are in communication through a restricted metering clearance (200); and oil filling said first and second cylindrical voids and said metering clearance characterized in that the said metering means (50) is a sleeve being maintained in position on the inner casing between an annular band (48) on the inner casing and an annular locking ring (54) axially spaced from the said band, the said sleeve (50) and the outer casing (96) forming therebetween a metering clearance (200) of a predetermined value, which constitutes the sole communication between the said annular voids (148,180) to provide a damping effect in both directions of relative longitudinal movement between the inner and outer casings, and in that said oil is an oil of predetermined compressibility. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said oil is silicone oil having a preselected compressibility. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, which further includes: first (146) and second (182) compression springs each aligned in a respective one of the first (148) and second (180) cylindrical voids. Apparatus according to claim 1,2 or 3, which further includes a plurality of lands (140) formed to extend longitudinally along a portion of the inner casing (38); and a plurality of splines (124) formed to extend longitudinally along a portion of the outer casing (94), said splines being slidably retained between respective pairs of lands. Apparatus according to claim 1,2,3 or 4, wherein said outer casing includes upper (94) and lower (98) sleeves sealingly joined by a threaded adaptor sleeve (96) that defines a cylindrical inner wall for disposition adjacent said metering sleeve means (50). Apparatus according to claim 1,2,3 or 4, wherein said outer casing comprises an adaptor (96) located centrally having first and second ends and having a cylindrical inner wall; an upper sleeve (94) having upper and lower ends with the lower end sealingly secured to the adaptor first end; said cap means (92) is sealingly secured to the upper sleeve upper end and defining a central bore (114) through which the inner casing (38) is closely received; a lower sleeve (98) having upper and lower ends with the upper end sealingly secured to the adaptor second end; and tool joint connector means (106) threadedly connected to said lower sleeve lower end. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said threaded joint connector (12) has a threaded lower collar; and said inner casing further comprises: an adaptor sleeve (20) having upper and lower ends with the upper end sealingly secured in the joint connector lower collar, and the lower end closely received through said cap means axial opening (114) of said outer casing; a mandrel (38) defining an axial bore (40) and having upper and lower ends with the upper end sealingly secured in said adaptor sleeve lower end, and lower cap means (76) threadedly received over the mandrel lower end with the cap means periphery closely slidable with the outer casing proximate the thread connector at one end. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mandrel (38) defines said first (148) and second (180) cylindrical voids relative to the outer casing (94,98). A downhole tool string which includes a hydraulic shock absorber apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8.

Inventors: BARRINGTON BURCHUS Q, BARRINGTON, BURCHUS Q.
Applicants: HALLIBURTON CO, HALLIBURTON COMPANY
Application year: 1991
Main classification: E21B17
IPC codes: E21B17