Apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials

Abstract: The powdered or granular materials to be dried are heated to the prescribed temperature with electromagnetic waves such as microwave, etc. under a reduced pressure and then dried to the prescribed moisture percentage while passing through a heat insulating process. An apparatus for it is provided with a reduced pressure drying tank (1) having an electromagnetic wave generator (2) of microwave, etc. and a main drying tank (30) communicated with the said reduced pressure drying tank (1) and having a heat preserving heater (33), at least the said reduced pressure drying tank (1) being constituted in a way to be depressurized by a suction air source (20).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials such as synthetic resin materials, processed food materials, chemical materials for medical use, etc. by submitting them to dielectric heating by means of electromagnetic waves such as microwave, high frequency, etc. 2. Prior Art Conventionally, a drying method by hot air is widely known as drying method of this kind of powdered or granular materials. As concrete construction of that method, one which is indicated in Fig. 2 is known for example in addition to the so-called hopper dryer provided with a blower, a heater and a hopper. The system indicated in Fig. 2 consists of a preliminary heating tank A comprising a stirring blade C which agitates the powdered or granular materials supplied through the material inlet B while heating them, a main drying tank F which receives the materials from the preliminary heating tank A through the material inlet G via a rotary feeder E connected to the material outlet D side of the preliminary heating tank A and heats them with the thermal energy of a heater H, a dehumidifying unit J which is provided on the upstream side of the said heater H and supplies dehumidified air, a piping T which returns the exhaust air of the main drying tank F through the exhaust port K to the heating port L of the preliminary heating tank A via a line filter N, a blower O and a heater H 1 , and a piping R which returns the exhaust air of the preliminary heating tank A to the inlet Q of the regenerating line of the dehumidifying unit J through the exhaust port P. Therefore, the powdered or granular materials submitted to preliminary heating in the preliminary heating tank A are dried in the main drying tank F and the powdered or granular materials thus dried to the prescribed moisture percentage are discharged from the material outlet S of the main drying tank F to the subsequent process. The preliminary heating tank A also serves as a crystallizing tank in the case of such powdered or granular materials as non crystallized polyethylene terephthalate, etc. However, according to the conventional example mentioned above, the dehumidified air from the dehumidifying unit J is heated by the heaters H, H 1 respectively and the heated air is sent by the blower O to the preliminary heating tank A to heat the powdered or granular materials to the desired temperature (and to crystallize them in the case of such powdered or granular materials as non crystallized polyethylene terephthalate, etc.). After that, the heated air is sent to the main drying tank F to dry the powdered or granular materials to the prescribed moisture percentage. In this way, the heated air is made to pass through the tanks A, F as medium. For that reason, in the conventional example, not only a large amount of electric power was consumed for the heating of air to raise the temperature of powdered or granular materials in the preliminary heating tank A, for the heating of air to regenerate the adsorbent in the dehumidifying unit J and for driving the blower O to send heated air but also the running cost was high because of a lower energy efficiency due to radiation loss in the sending route of heated air such as piping T, piping R, etc. Moreover, the presence of the line filter N in the middle of the piping T also served to increase the system cost. In addition, this conventional example was not suitable to such powdered or granular materials as turn yellow by oxidation when heated in the air as nylon. The "high efficiency material drying apparatus" of PCT International Publication Number: WO 82/01062 is known to the public. The apparatus comprises: a primary reduced pressure drying chamber having an electromagnetic wave generator for performing dielectric heating of the material supplied through a material inlet; a secondary reduced pressure drying chamber communicating with a material outlet of said primary reduced pressure drying chamber through a communicating line and a heat preserving heater (auger, see page 10, first paragraph); and a vacuum pump (suction air source) for depressurizing at least said primary reduced pressure drying chamber. However, the apparatus disclosed in the reference does not include such feature that drying of the materials is performed in a secondary reduced pressure drying chamber by producing a vacuum of a higher degree compared with the state of pressure reduction in a primary reduced pressure drying chamber. Hence, it is hard for the apparatus to prevent occurrence of glow discharge in a primary reduced pressure drying chamber when the materials are dried by an electromagnetic wave generated by an electromagnetic wave generator. Furthermore, in the apparatus disclosed in the reference, both a primary reduced pressure drying chamber and a secondary reduced pressure drying chamber are depressurized by a single suction air source. Accordingly, in that apparatus, the reduced pressure in a primary reduced pressure drying chamber and a secondary reduced pressure drying chamber cannot be freely controlled independently. Thus, there is a problem that the drying speed cannot be changed independently for each drying chamber. The apparatus for drying materials of French Patent No. 1,398,016 is known to the public. This apparatus comprises: a primary reduced pressure drying chamber having an electromagnetic wave generator and a pump; a plurality of upper chambers with pumps respectively provided at the upper side of said primary reduced pressure drying chamber; a plurality of lower chambers with pumps respectively provided at the lower side of said primary reduced pressure drying chamber; and a belt conveyor provided at the lower side of said primary reduced pressure drying chamber, said plurality of upper chambers and said plurality of lower chambers, for conveying the materials to be dried such as leaf tobacco horizontally. The apparatus has special sealing means for keeping the chambers air-tight. The apparatus of French Patent No. 1,398,016 requires a mechanical transporting means such as a belt conveyor and a special sealing means for sealing between the chambers so as to seal smoothly. However, it is difficult to provide a sufficient seal between the chambers. The present invention is intended to solve all of the problems mentioned above by heating the powdered or granular materials to the prescribed temperature by means of electromagnetic waves such as microwave, etc. under a reduced pressure (and crystallizing them in the case of such powdered or granular materials as non crystallized polyethylene terephthalate, etc.) and, after that, drying them to the prescribed moisture percentage passing through a pressure reducing process. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials, namely an apparatus provided with a reduced pressure drying tank having an electromagnetic wave generator which submits the powdered or granular materials fed through a material inlet, a main drying tank communicated with a material outlet of said reduced pressure drying tank through a communicating tube and a heater also being provided, and suction air sources connected respectively to said reduced pressure drying tank and the main drying tank. Since the present invention is provided with separate suction air sources for reduced pressure drying tank and the main drying tank, it can change as required the respective pressures to be applied to the two tanks. The radiation loss is comparatively small compared with the drying system by hot air because the apparatus is not designed for circulating air as medium by blowing through a piping as in the conventional drying system by hot air, thus providing a high energy efficiency. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of providing a higher energy efficiency with a smaller radiation loss compared with the above by drying the powdered or granular materials under a reduced pressure in the pressure reducing process in addition to the heating process and also in the main drying tank in addition to the reduced pressure drying tank, the apparatus not being designed for circulating air as medium by blowing through a piping as in the conventional drying system by hot air. The still another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of attenuating the yellowing of the powdered or granular materials compared with the conventional apparatus by submitting the powdered or granular materials to heating and drying by pressure reduction in the case of such powdered or granular materials as turn to yellow by oxidation when heated in the air as nylon. A further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of further shortening the drying time by performing drying in a reduced pressure atmosphere in the case of powdered or granular materials as nylon as mentioned before and by setting the heating and the preservation temperature at a higher level compared with the conventional example. A still further object of the present invention is to facilitate maintenance control and enable miniaturization of drying system with a smaller number of component parts because there is no need of making regeneration of line filter and dehumidifying unit as in the conventional example shown in Fig. 2 thanks to the above-mentioned construction. An additional object of the present invention is to make it possible to accelerate the drying speed or improve the final moisture percentage by providing separate suction air sources for the reduced pressure drying tank and the main drying tank and producing different states of pressure reduction for the reduced pressure drying tank and the main drying tank as mentioned earlier. Other objects and benefits of the present invention will become clearer with the following explanation: To achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts an apparatus as defined in claim 1. A preliminary reduced pressure tank is provided on the upstream side of the reduced pressure drying tank so that the preliminary reduced pressure drying tank may also be depressurized by the suction air source. At least the suction air source of the reduced pressure drying tank is used commonly to the preliminary reduced pressure drying tank. The preliminary reduced pressure tank, the reduced pressure drying tank and the main drying tank are disposed successively one beneath the other and the powdered or granular materials to be dried are supplied through the preliminary reduced pressure tank. A material outlet of the preliminary reduced pressure tank and a material inlet of the reduced pressure drying tank communicate through a material piping. The powdered or granular materials to be dried are heated to the prescribed temperature with electromagnetic waves such as microwave, etc. under a reduced pressure in the reduced pressure drying tank. After that, the heated powdered or granular materials are dried to the prescribed moisture percentage while being heat insulated in the main drying tank. If the heating of powdered or granular materials under a reduced pressure is performed not only in the reduced pressure drying tank but also in the main drying tank, it is possible to prevent yellowing of powdered or granular materials due to oxidation and prevent staining of powdered or granular materials by external air because no blowing of hot air is used as medium as in the hot air drying system of the conventional example. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a process chart of an embodiment. Fig. 2 is a process chart of the conventional example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A description of an embodiment according to the present invention as shown in Fig. 1 is given hereunder. 1 is a reduced pressure drying tank of closed construction, with a waveguide 3, etc. of an electromagnetic wave generator 2 which produces microwaves, far infrared rays and other electromagnetic waves connected to the top plate and a material inlet 4 provided at another point of that top plate. The powdered or granular materials such as synthetic resin material, etc. supplied into the reduced pressure drying tank 1 through the material inlet 4 are submitted to dielectric heating to the desired temperature by irradiation of electromagnetic waves from the said electromagnetic wave generator 2 while being agitated with the rotation of an agitating means 5 provided inside the said reduced pressure drying tank, under a reduced pressure as described later, and the hot powdered or granular materials are fed into a main drying tank 30 through a communicating tube 7 communicated with a material outlet 6 of the reduced pressure drying tank 1. 8 3 is a material valve. A material piping 10 is connected to the material inlet 4 of the reduced pressure drying tank 1 and this material piping 10 is provided to the upstream side with a material valve 8 2 , a preliminary reduced pressure tank 9 and a material valve 8 1 and a supply source of materials 11 in order. The preliminary reduced pressure tank 9, the reduced pressure drying tank 1 and the main drying tank 30 are disposed successively one beneath the other and the powdered or granular materials to be dried are supplied through the preliminary reduced pressure tank 9. A material outlet 9b of the preliminary reduced pressure tank 9 and a material inlet 4 of the reduced pressure drying tank 1 communicate through the material piping 10. An exhaust pipe 21 is branched from the said material piping 10 between the material inlet 4 and the material valve 8 2 and a suction air source 20 such as diaphragm pump, etc. is connected to this exhaust pipe 20 so that the pressure inside the reduced pressure drying tank 1 may be reduced to under the atmospheric pressure (100 - 200 Torr in the embodiment, but not limited to this value), by operating this suction air source 20. Moreover, a branch exhaust pipe 22 is connected halfway on the exhaust pipe 21 and the other end of this branch exhaust pipe 22 is connected to the said preliminary reduced pressure tank 9, so that the pressure inside this preliminary reduced pressure tank 9 may also be reduced by opening the exhaust valve 23. The lower end of the said communicating tube 7 is connected for communication with the material inlet 31 of the main drying tank 30. This main drying tank 30 is provided on its circumferential wall with a heater 33. Moreover, an exhaust pipe 24 is connected to the top plate of the main drying tank 30 and the other end of this exhaust pipe 24 is connected with another suction air source 20' which is different from said suction air source 20, so that the pressure inside the main tank 30 may also reduce with the action of suction air source 20' in order to work at the different pressure from the reduced pressure drying tank 1 and the preliminary reduced pressure tank 9. According to this construction, the pressure in the reduced pressure drying tank 1 cannot be made very low because microwaves produce an electromagnetic discharge at the irradiation port under a reduced pressure of 100 Torr or under. Therefore, it is preferable to apply this construction in the case of reducing the pressure in the main drying tank 30 to 1 -10 -3 or so, for example, in the case the drying speed is insufficient or the final moisture percentage is too high at the pressure exerted on the reduced pressure drying tank 1 and the main drying tank 30 (100-200 Torr, for example) in Fig. 1. The powdered or granular materials dried to the prescribed moisture percentage in the main drying tank 30 are discharged to the subsequent process from a material outlet 32 through an airtight rotary feeder 34. The symbol 12 indicated in the drawing represents a level meter, 13 is a drive source such as motor which turns an agitating means 5 mounted on a rotary shaft 14, and 15 is a temperature sensor. Now the actions of this embodiment will be described hereunder. With the material valve 8 2 closed, the material valve 8 1 opens to supply the powdered or granular materials from the supply source of materials 11 to inside the preliminary reduced pressure tank 9 up to the upper limit value of the level meter 12 and closes when the tank is filled with the prescribed volume of powdered or granular materials. Next, the exhaust valve 23 which was closed opens to reduce the pressure inside the preliminary reduced pressure tank 9 to the prescribed pressure (100 - 200 Torr for example, but not limited to this value). On the other hand, both the reduced pressure drying tank 1 and the main drying tank 30 are depressurized by separate section air sources 20 and 20' in advance to the prescribed pressure (100 - 200 Torr for example, but not limited to this value). In this state, the material valve 8 2 opens to supply the powdered or granular materials from the preliminary reduced pressure tank 9 to the reduced pressure drying tank and then closes. Under this depressurized state, electromagnetic waves such as microwave are irradiated from the electromagnetic wave generator 2 on the powdered or granular materials inside the reduced pressure drying tank 1 while the materials are being agitated with the operation of the drive source 13. The powdered or granular materials are heated with electromagnetic waves until the materials reach the prescribed temperature while measuring the material temperature with the temperature sensor 16 of the reduced pressure drying tank 1. The water content vaporized from the materials during this heating is discharged from the suction air source 20 through the material inlet 4 and the exhaust pipe 21. If the materials reach the prescribed temperature, the electromagnetic wave generator 2 stops working and the material valve 8 3 opens to inject the powdered or granular materials from the reduced pressure tank 1 into the main drying tank 30 and then closes. The above process is performed repeatedly in linkage with the level meter 35 of the main drying tank 30. Since the inside of the main drying tank 30 is maintained at the prescribed temperature with the heater 33 and the temperature sensor 15, the materials injected inside the main drying tank 30 are dried under a reduced pressure while maintaining the temperature obtained as a result of heating in the reduced pressure drying tank 1. And the water content evaporated from the materials inside the main drying tank 30 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 24 with the suction force of the suction air source 20'. The materials dried to the prescribed moisture percentage are discharged from the rotary feeder 34 to the subsequent process in accordance with the request from the subsequent process. The purpose of submitting the powdered or granular materials to dielectric heating under a reduced pressure with electromagnetic waves such as microwave, etc. from an electromagnetic wave generator in the reduced pressure drying tank 1 is to increase the temperature of the powdered or granular materials but this heating process also serves for crystallization in the case of powdered or granular materials of plastic materials such as non crystallized polyethylene terephthalate, etc.

Claims: An apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials, comprising: a reduced pressure drying tank (1) having an electromagnetic wave generator (2) for performing dielectric heating of the powdered or granular materials fed through a material inlet (4); a main drying tank (30) communicating with a material outlet (6) of the reduced pressure drying tank (1), a heater (33) for the main drying tank (30) also being provided; suction air sources (20, 20') connected respectively to the reduced pressure drying tank (1) and the main drying tank (30); and a preliminary reduced pressure tank (9) provided upstream of the reduced pressure drying tank (1); characterised in that the preliminary reduced pressure tank (9), the reduced pressure drying tank (1) and the main drying tank (30) are disposed successively one beneath the other and the powdered or granular materials to be dried are supplied through the preliminary reduced pressure tank (9); in that a material outlet (9b) of the preliminary reduced pressure tank (9) and a material inlet (4) of the reduced pressure drying tank (1) communicate through a material piping (10); in that the material outlet (6) of the reduced pressure drying tank (1) and a material inlet (31) of the main drying tank (30) communicate through a communicating tube (7); and in that the suction air source for the preliminary reduced pressure tank (9) is common with the suction air source (20) for the reduced pressure drying tank (1). An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein an agitating means (5) is provided inside the reduced pressure drying tank (1).

Inventors: MASAAKI NOSAKA, TSUTOMU ONO, MASAAKI, NOSAKA, TSUTOMU, ONO, Masaaki, Nosaka, c/o Matsui Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Tsutomu, Ono, c/o Matsui Manufacturing Co. Ltd.
Applicants: MATSUI MFG CO, MATSUI MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: F26B7
IPC codes: B29B13, F26B5, F26B23, B29C35, F26B17, F26B3