Electromagnetic valve actuating system

Abstract: An apparatus for driving valve by electromagnetic force, for an engine capable of being installed in a narrower space due to the interfering object or narrow arrangement pitch of a supply / exhaust valve, comprises: a fixed magnetic pole 35 which is wound with the primary coils 36 and which is opposingly disposed embracing the secondary coils 22 in the perpendicular direction to the reciprocating direction of the secondary coils; an air gap adjacent with a tip end of the fixed magnetic pole and provided in the middle of a magnetic flux path generated from the primary coil; a movable element 2 adapted to be made of magnetic substance, to move freely reciprocating in the air gap, to form part of the magnetic flux path, and to contain the secondary coils.

Description: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic force valve driving apparatus for driving a supply/exhaust valve of an engine by an electromagnetic force. In opening/closing drive apparatus of conventional supply/exhaust valves, the supply/exhaust valves are adapted always to be biased in a closing direction by springs and are driven to open and close by depressing each shaft end face of the valves through a link mechanism such as a rocker arm, a push rod and the like, from a cam surface of a cam shaft which is driven by an output shaft of an engine and rotates synchronously in phase with rotation of the engine. An engine configuration of the opening/closing drive apparatus as described above makes the engine size large due to provision of the cam shaft and link mechanism within the engine. Also, friction resistance on driving the cam shaft and link mechanism causes partial dissipation of engine output, lowering effective engine output. Since the open/close timing of the supply/exhaust valve is not easily varied during operation of the engine, the open/close timing of the valve must be adjusted to optimise its running condition at a specific rotation speed of the engine. Accordingly, when running at a rotation speed differing from the specified one, it is impossible to obtain satisfactory output and efficiency which the engine intrinsically exhibits. To solve the problem described above, unlike the open/close drive of the supply/exhaust valve by cam shaft, various kinds of valve drive apparatus are disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Applications No.183805 in 1983 and No.76713 in 1986, in which the valve drive apparatus, adapted to open and close the supply/exhaust valve, is capable of varying the opening/closing timing thereof by means of attracting movable magnetic poles connected to the supply/exhaust valve using an electromagnetic force of magnets fixed on the engine. When engines are actually fitted with the conventional valve drive apparatus adapted to drive opening/closing of the supply/exhaust valve by electromagnetic force as hereinbefore described, a construction capable of generating a very strong magnetic force is required for reliably driving the supply/exhaust valve and for enabling operation in a region of high speed rotation. A requirement of generating very strong magnetic force results in enlarging a magnetic flux density and thus expanding a cross-section of magnetic path. The expanded cross-sections of magnetic path, or enlarged drive apparatus, creates a problem in that, because an interference arises due to overlap of the adjacent drive apparatus of the supply/exhaust valves, these adjacent drive apparatus cannot be accommodated in an engine. The problems as hereinbefore described are not solved in the above Japanese Laid Open Patent Applications because they do not disclose arrangements which employ a narrower pitch for installation of the supply/exhaust valve or in which the drive apparatus is assembled in a narrow space. EP-A-0390519 discloses an electromagnetic valve driving apparatus in which a valve has a permanent magnet, having a pair of magnetic poles, fixed at one end and the apparatus has a plurality of fixed magnetic poles disposed along the length of the valve stem to oppose the pair of magnetic poles as the valve moves up and down. The present invention is made in the light of the problems described above, and an object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for electromagnetic force valve driving apparatus capable of generating very strong electromagnetic force even when in a narrow pitch for installation of the supply/exhaust valve and assembled within a narrow space due to a barrier or other interfering object in the engine. According to the present invention, an electromagnetic valve actuating system for driving a supply/exhaust valve of an engine, the system comprises: a movable valve having a magnetic pole fixed at one end thereof; a cylindrical element fixed to the valve; a cylindrical centre magnetic pole surrounding a portion of the valve; an upper magnetic pole having an exciting coil, the upper magnetic pole opposing the magnetic pole on the valve for drivingly opening the valve; a plurality of stator magnetic poles arranged in rows around the valve, each row of stator magnetic poles having a respective primary coil; speed adjustment means for controllably supplying AC power to the respective primary coils of the rows of stator magnetic poles; and, control means for controlling excitation of the exciting coil and for providing control signals to the speed adjustment means to control the flux generated by the stator magnetic poles; characterised by: the element being closed at one end apart from a hole through which the valve stem passes; the element having a plurality of closed secondary coils held in a magnetic core; the outer circumference of the centre magnetic pole being opposed to the inner circumference of the element. The present invention can provide an apparatus for driving a valve by electromagnetic force which is capable of generating a very strong electromagnetic force even when the arrangement of the supply/exhaust valve has a narrow installation pitch or is assembled in a very narrow space due to an interfering object because the width of the upper magnetic pole is reduced to enable installation in the narrow space. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the constitution of an electromagnetic force valve driving apparatus according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional perspective view of a moving element of an electromagnetic force valve driving apparatus; and, Figure 4 is an illustration showing magnetic flux exerted on a movable magnetic pole of an apparatus for driving an electromagnetic force valve driving apparatus according to the invention. Figure 1 is a block diagram showing an apparatus for driving a valve by electromagnetic force according to the invention. Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in Figure 1. A supply valve and an exhaust valve are provided in an engine as hereinbefore described. However, since the driving apparatus in accordance with the present invention can be applied to both the supply valve and the exhaust valve, hereinafter only the apparatus for opening and closing the supply valve will essentially be described. A supply valve 1 is made of ceramic material such as silicon nitride, etc, which is light in weight and excellent in strength at high temperatures. A movable magnetic pole 11 of disk shape is connected to a shaft end of the supply valve 1. The movable magnetic pole 11 is formed to be progressively thinner towards its periphery. The area of magnetic path formed between the movable magnetic pole 11 and a fixed magnetic pole described later is set to be uniform from the centre to the peripheral portions. The supply valve 1 is slidably supported by a valve guide 12 to be capable of freely reciprocating and, during the closing of the supply valve 1, an umbrella-shape valve head of the supply valve 1 sits on a valve seat 14 to close a supply port. A movable element 2 as described later is connected in the vicinity of the centre of a shaft portion of the supply valve 1. During the time when the engine is not operated, the movable element 2 is biased in the closing direction by a spring 13 to prevent the supply valve 1 from dropping. A drive assembly 3 has an upper end portion which is provided with an annular inner fixed magnetic pole 31 opposing the central portion of the lower face of the movable magnetic pole 11 and an annular outer fixed magnetic pole 32 opposing the peripheral portion of the lower face of the movable magnetic pole 11. The inner and outer fixed magnetic poles 31,32 are concentrically disposed. An exciting coil 33 for exciting the magnetic poles 31,32 is arranged in an annular groove formed between the inner and outer magnetic poles 31,32. The inner fixed magnetic pole 31 is disposed around the shaft of the supply valve 1 with a very small space from the outer circumference surface of the shaft portion of the supply valve 1. A centre magnetic pole 34 is provided extending in the lower direction of the fixed magnetic pole 31. The centre magnetic pole 34 is formed in a cylindrical configuration and is arranged at a portion surrounding the shaft of the supply valve 1. The outer circumference of the centre magnetic pole 34 is opposed to the inner circumference of the movable element 2. In the drive assembly 3, there are provided two columns of stator magnetic poles 35 which oppose each other at two positions through the outer circumference of the centre magnetic pole 34 and the movable element 2, or oppose each other through the movable element 2. The stator magnetic poles 35 are provided in a plurality of rows in the reciprocating direction of the movable element 2. Each row of stator magnetic poles 35 is wound with a respective primary coil 36 and the flux density and flux direction respectively passing through the stator magnetic poles 35 are controlled for each respective row. Figure 1 shows part of the flux flow generated from the stator magnetic poles 35 with an arrow mark. A controller 4 comprises an input/output interface taking charge of input/output of signals, a ROM storing a program or various related maps, a CPU executing computation with reference to the program stored in the ROM, a RAM temporarily storing computed results or data, a control memory controlling signal flow within the controller 4, and other elements. An initial drive apparatus 41 and a speed adjustment apparatus 42 are connected to the controller 4. The initial drive apparatus 41 is connected to the exciting coil 33. When the control signal from the controller 4 is input to the exciting coil 33, the exciting coil 33 receives power and excites the inner and outer fixed magnetic poles 31,32. The speed adjustment apparatus 42 is connected to the respective primary coils 36 of each of the rows of the stator magnetic poles 35. With the speed control signals being input from the controller 4, the speed adjustment apparatus 42 supplies AC power of different phases to each row of the primary coils 36 to form a travelling magnetic field by the flux passing through the stator magnetic poles 35, the speed and direction of the travelling magnetic field being controlled by the speed adjustment apparatus 42. As shown in Figure 2, another supply valve having its own drive assembly 3' is provided adjacent the first supply valve 1 and its drive assembly 3. The first drive assembly 3 and the second drive assembly 3' are juxtaposed so that lines including points where the respective fixed magnetic poles 35 are located may be in parallel as shown in the drawing. Thus, the installation pitch of the respective drive assemblies 3 may be reduced as the magnetic poles 35 of each drive apparatus 3 are laterally aligned. A barrier 5 limits the location at which the drive assembly 3 can be mounted. As shown in the drawing, the location of the supply valve 1 may be made to be close to the barrier 5 by making the lines connecting the fixed magnetic poles 35 parallel with the wall face of the barrier 5, i.e., disposing the drive apparatus with the magnetic poles 35 laterally to the barrier 5 as shown. Figure 3 is a perspective sectional view of the movable element 2. The movable element 2 is in the form of a cylinder closed at one end apart from a hole through which the valve stem passes. The movable element 2 comprises a core 21 made of composite material including magnetic substance powder and plastics and a plurality of secondary coils 22 each with a closed ring configuration held by the core 21. The magnetic substance powder included in the core 21 is formed of, for example, short fibres or fine grains of silicon steel. The magnetic substance powder is kneaded with the plastics before hardening of the plastics and the resultant mixed substance is filled in the mould arranged with the second coils 22 at specified positions to form the movable element 2. The movable element 2 may also be formed, alternatively, by means of heating the plastics to melt after filling the mould by mixing a powdered thermoplastics with a powdered magnetic substance. Due to the required light weight, the secondary coils 22 are formed of, for example, electrically conductive metallic material such as aluminium or the like having a low density or otherwise of conductive ceramic. The movable element 2 thus produced has excellent magnetic permeability with light weight, and therefore the inertial mass of the reciprocating drive system of the supply valve 1 may be greatly reduced. During the time when the engine is operated, the controller 4 continuously detects the rotation phase of the engine and its load, a computation being made for the opening/closing timing and the lift amount of the supply valve corresponding to the engine load. When an actual rotational phase of the engine reaches the calculated opening/closing timing of the supply valve, the controller 4 outputs control signals to an initial drive apparatus 41. In this operation, the exciting coil 33 receives power to excite the fixed magnetic poles 31,32. Figure 4 illustrates a profile where the inner fixed magnetic pole 31 is excited to S polarity and the outer magnetic pole 32 to N polarity. In Figure 4, arrow mark B indicates flux travelling. As shown in the drawing, the flux passes out of the outer fixed magnetic pole 32 and travels inside the movable magnetic pole 11 to form a magnetic path continuing into the inner fixed magnetic pole 31. From this operation, the movable magnetic pole 11 is attracted towards the ends of the inner and outer fixed magnetic poles 31,32, and a very strong initial driving force may thus be produced even when the diameter of the movable magnetic pole 11 is smaller than the external diameter where the stator magnetic poles 35 are provided. If the movable magnetic pole 11 has a constant thickness, the magnetic flux density inside the movable magnetic pole 11 becomes smaller at the outer circumference than the centre portion. Accordingly, by decreasing the thickness of the outer circumference of the magnetic pole 11 as shown in the drawing, the attracting force is not reduced even when the magnetic flux density between the central portion and the outer circumference portion is made constant. Further with the reduced thickness used, the reciprocating movement system of the supply valve 1 has a reduced inertial mass, so that a larger acceleration is realised. When the exciting coil 33 receives electric power and initially drives the supply valve 1, the supply valve is driven to the computed lift amount. The moving speed of the supply valve 1 is adjusted so as to sit the supply valve 1 on the valve seat 14 using the closing timing further calculated. An adjustment of moving speed is performed by outputting speed control signals to the speed adjustment apparatus 42 from the controller 4 by adjusting the flux travelling through the stator magnetic pole 35 as described above. The spring 14 holding the supply valve 1 at a closing state has a biasing force being set satisfactorily smaller than the driving electromagnetic force available.

Claims: An electromagnetic valve actuating system for driving a supply/exhaust valve of an engine, the system comprising: a movable valve (1) having a magnetic pole (11) fixed at one end thereof; a cylindrical element (2) fixed to the valve (1); a cylindrical centre magnetic pole (34) surrounding a portion of the valve; an upper magnetic pole (31,32) having an exciting coil (33), the upper magnetic pole (31,32) opposing the magnetic pole (11) on the valve (1) for drivingly opening the valve; a plurality of stator magnetic poles (35) arranged in rows around the valve (1), each row of stator magnetic poles (35) having a respective primary coil (36); speed adjustment means (42) for controllably supplying AC power to the respective primary coils (36) of the rows of stator magnetic poles (35); and, control means (4) for controlling excitation of the exciting coil (33) and for providing control signals to the speed adjustment means (42) to control the flux generated by the stator magnetic poles (35); characterised by: the element (2) being closed at one end apart from a hole through which the valve stem passes; the element (2) having a plurality of closed secondary coils (22) held in a magnetic core (21); the outer circumference of the centre magnetic pole (34) being opposed to the inner circumference of the element (2). A system according to claim 1, wherein the upper magnetic pole comprises concentric inner and outer annular magnetic poles (31,32), the exciting coil (33) being disposed therebetween. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the movable magnetic pole (11) is formed to be progressively thinner towards its periphery. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the supply/exhaust valve is made of ceramic.

Inventors: KAWAMURA HIDEO, KAWAMURA, HIDEO
Applicants: ISUZU CERAMICS RES INST, ISUZU CERAMICS RESEARCH INSTITUTE CO., LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: F01L9
IPC codes: F16K31, F01L9, F02D13