Cutting tool

Abstract: A parting and/or grooving tool includes a support blade (10) and a cutting insert (12) removably securable in a recess (11) formed by upper and lower jaws (10a, 10b) at the front portion of the blade. The insert is clamped into place by a screw (23) which engages in a slot (19) that extends at an angle in relation to the longitudinal axis of the recess (11) such that the upper jaw (10a) is subjected to an elastic bending of such nature that a downwardly directed clamping force is exerted towards the upper surface of the cutting insert (12).

Description: The present invention relates to a cutting tool for chip cutting machining of metallic workpieces, preferably for parting and grooving operations. US-A-3 785 021 discloses a cutting tool of the aforesaid type comprising a support blade, the front portion of which is provided with a recess for receiving a cutting insert. The recess forms upper and lower jaws having a bottom support surface and an integral upper clamp surface which can be actuated so as to be brought into clamping contact with the cutting insert. The insert is clamped by means of the spring-load that arises from bending the upper jaw upwards in cantilever fashion upon insertion of the insert into the recess. In order to release the insert from the recess, a special tool is inserted into the recess at a location behind the insert and urge the clamp outwardly. Such a clamping, however, has been found to be unstable under certain conditions, e.g., under the influence of large cutting forces and heavy vibrations. Another cutting tool for parting and grooving operations is disclosed in US-A-4 357 123. According to this construction, the fastening means for the cutting insert have to be actuated in a direction which is perpendicular to the plane of the blade. This makes it less easily accessible. Moreover, also this construction has been found unstable under the influence of large cutting forces and heavy vibrations. Still another cutting tool for parting and grooving operations is disclosed in DE-U-89 15 043, cf. in particular Fig. 3, on which is based the preamble of claim 1. According to this construction, an upper jaw portion of an insert support blade may be cantilevered by means of a press screw. However, this upper jaw portion is completely unsupported by any holder body. Thus, the blade is relatively long and thin which makes it prone to vibrations. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool in which the insert can be clamped into its mating recess in a support blade by actuation of a clamping device of such nature that the insert can, with greater certainty, maintain its position in a clamped position even under the influence of large cutting forces and heavy vibrations in such tool. It is another object to provide a toolholder which facilitates the clamping of inserts in various holders with mainly the same clamping force. It is a further object of the present invention to improve the clamping ability towards the insert while minimizing the risk of tool failure. These objects are achieved with a metal cutting tool according to appended claim 1. The present invention relates to a metal cutting tool comprising a holder which includes a narrow support blade having a front end defined by upper and lower jaw portions spaced apart by an insert-receiving recess. The upper jaw portion is elastically flexible in cantilever fashion to impart a clamping force to an insert disposed in the recess. A slot is formed in the blade in spaced relationship to the recess and forms an oblique angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the recess. An actuator is mounted in the blade substantially coplanar with the recess and the slot. The actuator intersects the slot and is engageable with a wall of the slot. When the actuator is pushed against that wall of the slot, the upper jaw portion is elastically bent to impose the clamping force against an insert in the recess. Preferably, a second slot is formed in the blade and communicates with a rear end of the recess. The second slot is substantially aligned with the first slot and is spaced therefrom. The first and second slots preferably form an obtuse angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the recess. That angle is preferably from 130 to 160°. The actuator preferably comprises a screw threadedly disposed in the blade such that an end of the screw pushes against the wall of the slot, and the rest of the screw elastically bends the upper jaw portion into clamping engagement with an insert in the recess. The objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a cutting tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a plan view of the tool shown in Figure 1. A tool according to the figures comprises a support blade 10, the front end of which is provided with a recess 11 for the receipt of a correspondingly designed cutting insert 12. The front end of the blade is thus separated into upper and lower clamping jaws. The insert includes front and rear ends and has a cutting edge 12a at its front end and a rearwardly extending shank. The shank includes top and bottom surfaces, each of which includes a groove. Each groove is of V-shaped cross-section formed by first and second front-to-rear extending surfaces in generally V-shaped relationship. The insert 12 is made of cemented carbide, ceramic material or another material suitable for metal cutting operations. Support blade 10 is intended to be clamped to a tool holder by means of three locking screws 16, 17 and 18, intended to be engaged with three bores separated from each other in the blade 10. The support blade 10 comprises an upper portion 10a which is in the shape of a clamp jaw integral with the remainder of the blade, and a lower jaw 10b. A first slot 19 opens at the top surface 28 and extends parallel to the inclined front surface 20. The lower end of the first slot 19 terminates at a distance rearwardly of the recess 11. The rear portion of the recess 11 comprises a smoothly rounded recess portion 11b which communicates with a narrower second slot 11c extending parallel with the exterior surface 20. The second slot 11c is generally aligned with the first slot 19, whereby the second and first slots are separated by a bridge portion 33 integral with the remainder of the blade 10. As an alternative, it is possible to have the second slot 11c oriented at an inclined angle of up to 10° in relation to the longitudinal extension of the recess 11. There is a cylindrical clamp screw 23 provided in a corresponding bore 25 of the support blade. The bore 25 is oriented at a right angle relative to the first slot 19. The arrangement is such that by threadably engaging the screw 23 farther into its bore 25, its inner end portion will be brought into surface contact with the opposite wall of the first slot 19 such that an elastic bending of the upper jaw 10a of the blade occurs which will cause a downward clamping force to be exerted from the clamp jaw 10a against the cutting insert 12. In practice, an insert 12 is pushed into the recess 11, causing the recess 11 to be pushed farther open. In so doing, a tensile force is imparted to the end wall P 1 of the second slot 11c, and a compression force is imparted to the end wall P 2 of the first slot 19. After the insert 12 has been pushed into its recess, the clamping effect from the upper jaw portion 10a will be intensified by threadably inserting the clamp screw 23 farther into its bore 25. This will produce a tensile force in the end wall P 2 . Hence, a typical tensile condition will be obtained in the intermediate wall portion 33. This is of great importance when it becomes necessary to perform grooving at large axial depths. As referred to above, the rear portion of the support blade 10 is secured to an adaptor by means of three locking screws 16, 17 and 18 which are received in corresponding bores of the blade while threadably engaging correspondingly aligned bores transversely in the adaptor 34. The rear portion of the adaptor 34 is provided with a smoothly rounded recess 35 into which a draw bar (not shown) is intended to engage while simultaneously being longitudinally movable in a separate holder body (not shown). The recess 35 is defined by two projections 36 and 37. The more detailed construction of the draw bar and its arrangement in its holder body and its engagement with the recess 35 will appear more clearly from the description given in US-A-4 270 422 which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims: A metal cutting tool comprising a holder body (34), a support blade (10), and fastening means (16, 17, 18) for removably fastening the rear part of said support blade to said holder body, said support blade (10) having a front end defined by upper and lower jaw portions (10a, 10b) spaced apart by an insert-receiving recess (11), a front end of said recess being open to receive an insert (12), said upper jaw portion (10a) being elastically flexible in cantilever fashion to impart a clamping force to the insert (12) disposed in said recess (11), a first slot (19) formed in said blade in spaced relationship to a rear end of said recess (11) and forming an oblique angle relative to a longitudinal axis of said recess, a second slot (11c) formed in said blade and extending from said rear end of said recess (11), a rear end of said second slot being spaced from a forward end of said first slot by a portion (33) of said blade, an actuating means (23) mounted in said blade (10) so as to intersect said first slot (19) and be engageable with a wall of said first slot, whereby said actuating means can be pushed against said wall of said first slot for elastically bending said upper jaw portion (10a) to impose said clamping force against the insert (12) in said recess, characterized in that said second slot (11c) is generally aligned with said first slot (19) and in that a rear part of said upper jaw portion overlaps with said holder body (34). Cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a distance from said front end of said first slot (19) to said actuating means (23) is greater than a distance from said rear end of said second slot (11c) to the rear end of said recess (11). Cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein said oblique angle is an obtuse angle. Cutting tool according to claim 3, wherein said obtuse angle is from 130 to 160°. Cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein said actuating means includes a screw (23) threadedly mounted in said blade (10) and defining means for pushing said actuating means in response to rotation of said screw (23).

Inventors: ENGLUND KJELL, ENGLUND, KJELL
Applicants: SANDVIK AB, SANDVIK AKTIEBOLAG
Application year: 1991
Main classification: B23B29
IPC codes: B23B29