Personal computer with drive identification

Abstract: This invention relates to personal computers, and particularly to a personal computer having provision for identifying the storage capability of a removable media direct access storage device used with the computer. At least certain ones of a plurality of signal communicating pathways extending between a storage device and a controller for the storage device are used to identify to the controller the type of device with which the controller is communicating. The apparatus disclosed distinguishes among a plurality of types of removable media potentially used in removable media direct access storage devices using at least certain ones of a plurality of signal communicating pathways extending between a storage device and a controller for the storage device to identify to the controller the type of media inserted into the device with which the controller is communicating.

Description: This invention relates to personal computers, and particularly to a personal computer having provision for identifying the storage capability of a removable media direct access storage device used with the computer. Personal computer systems have attained widespread use for providing computer power to many segments of today's modern society. Personal computer systems can usually be defined as a desk top, floor standing, or portable microcomputer that consists of a system unit having a single system processor and associated volatile and non-volatile memory, a display monitor, a keyboard, one or more diskette drives, a fixed disk storage, and an optional printer. One of the distinguishing characteristics of these systems is the use of a motherboard or system planar to electrically connect these components together. These systems are designed primarily to give independent computing capability to a single user and are for purchase by individuals or small businesses. These systems can be classified into two general families, Family I and Family II. Many of the first family, have used the popular INTEL 8088 or 8086 microprocessor as the system processor. These processors have the ability to address one megabyte of memory. Certain Family I and most Family II models typically use the high speed INTEL 80286, 80386 , and 80486 microprocessors which can operate in a real mode to emulate the slower speed INTEL 8086 microprocessor or a protected mode which extends the addressing range from 1 megabyte to 4 Gigabytes for some models. In essence, the real mode feature of the 80286, 80386, and 80486 processors provide hardware compatibility with software written for the 8086 and 8088 microprocessors. Such personal computers are characterised as having an "open" architecture. That is, the systems are designed and constructed in such a way that additional peripheral devices, such as removable media direct access storage devices (or DASD) may be selected and added to the systems, or an existing device may be changed for a device of a different type. The floppy disk drives mentioned above are one example of a removable media DASD. By way of example, many Family I machines were often assembled with a 5.25 inch, high capacity (or high density) floppy disk drive having the capability of storing 1.2 megabytes of data on a diskette. However, such machines could be equipped with a previously known type of DASD which used a 5.25 inch disk to store 360 kilobytes of data. Family II machines may have DASD using 3.5 inch diskettes to store 780 kilobytes or 1.44 megabytes of data. It is known and contemplated that other removable media DASD may be provided and may be used in or with personal computers of the general types described. Heretofore, it has been conventional to provide in a personal computer of the type described a central processor unit for executing instructions and manipulating data and a direct access storage device controller operatively interposed between the processor unit and the DASD for controlling the writing of data to and the reading of data from the removable media of the DASD. It has been contemplated that provision may be made in the operation of a personal computer for recognition of the type of DASD used and the storage characteristics of the media inserted into such as drive. The interested reader is referred to Berens et al United States Patent 4,733,036 issued September 20, 1988 and Agoglia et al United States Patent 4,928,193 for disclosures of apparatus and methods for determining diskette drive and media types. Further, GB 2,188,761 discloses a system in which the type of any disc unit selected by a disc unit controller is determined by means of a signal reverted from the disc unit address circuit when the controller addresses it for selection. According to the present invention there is now provided a personal computer comprising: a central processor unit for performing instructions, a removable media direct access storage device for receiving, storing and delivering data for manipulation by said central processor unit, and a direct access storage device controller operatively interposed between said processor unit and said storage device for directing operation of said storage device in receiving, storing and delivering data, said storage device and said controller being operatively connected by a plurality of signal conducting pathways, the personal computer being characterised in that: a selected plurality of said pathways conduct signals which identify to said controller the characteristics of said storage device which are indicative of the storage characteristics of said storage device, said controller distinguishing among: (a) the absence of signals conducted by said selected pathways as indicating the presence of a first type of storage device; and (b) the presence of one of a plurality of differing combinations of signals conducted by said selected pathways as indicating the presence of a second type of storage device; and (c) said differing combinations of signals as indicating the storage capability of media inserted into said second type of storage device. Further according to the present invention there is provided a personal computer according to Claim 2 or Claim 3 wherein said controller issues to said storage device, through another of said pathways, an enabling signal initiating the delivery of signals through said pair of said pathways. Further according to the present invention there is provided a personal computer system having a high speed system processor compatible with application programs and operating system software designed to execute on slower speed system processors, said personal computer system comprising: a high speed microprocessor having a real and protected mode of operation and being coupled to a high speed data bus; volatile memory electrically coupled to the high speed data bus; non-volatile memory electrically coupled to a slower speed data bus; a bus controller for providing communications between the high speed data bus and the slower speed data bus; a memory controller electrically coupled to said volatile memory and said non-volatile memory, said memory controller regulating communications between said volatile memory and said high speed microprocessor; a removable media direct access storage device for receiving, storing and delivering data for manipulation by said microprocessor, a direct access storage device controller operatively interposed between said microprocessor and said storage device for directing operation of said storage device in receiving, storing and delivering data and electrically coupled to the slower speed data bus, and a plurality of signal conducting pathways operatively connecting said storage device and said controller, one pair of said pathways conducting signals which identify to said controller the characteristics of said storage device which are indicative of the storage capability of said storage device, said controller distinguishing among the absence of signals conducted by said pair of pathways as indicating the presence of a first type of storage device and the presence of one of a plurality of differing combinations of signals conducted by said pathways as indicating the presence of a second type of storage device. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a personal computer embodying this invention; Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of certain elements of the personal computer of Figure 1 including a chassis, a cover, an electromechanical direct access storage device and a planar board and illustrating certain relationships among those elements; Figure 3 is a schematic view of certain components of the personal computer of Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a multiple pathway interconnection between a controller and a removable media direct access storage device in accordance with this invention; and Figures 5 and 6 are schematic representations of encoding schemes for communicating identifying data in accordance with this invention. Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings, a microcomputer embodying the present invention is there shown and generally indicated at 10 (Figure 1). As mentioned hereinabove, the computer 10 may have an associated monitor 11, keyboard 12 and printer or plotter 14. The computer 10 has a cover 15 formed by a decorative outer member 16 (Figure 2) and an inner shield member 18 which cooperate with a chassis 19 in defining an enclosed, shielded volume for receiving electrically powered data processing and storage components for processing and storing digital data. At least certain of these components are mounted on a multilayer planar 20 or motherboard which is mounted on the chassis 19 and provides a means for electrically interconnecting the components of the computer 10 including those identified above and such other associated elements as floppy disk drives, various forms of direct access storage devices, accessory cards or boards, and the like. As pointed out more fully hereinafter, provisions are made in the planar 20 for the passage of input/output signals to and from the operating components of the microcomputer. The chassis 19 has a base indicated at 22, a front panel indicated at 24, and a rear panel indicated at 25 (Figure 2). The front panel 24 defines at least one open bay (and in the form illustrated, four bays) for receiving a data storage device such as a disk drive for magnetic or optical disks, a tape backup drive, or the like. In the illustrated form, a pair of upper bays 26, 28 and a pair of lower bays 29, 30 are provided. One of the upper bays 26 is adapted to receive peripheral drives of a first size (such as those known as 3.5 inch drives) while the other 28 is adapted to receive drives of a selected one of two sizes (such as 3.5 and 5.25 inch) and the lower bays are adapted to receive devices of only one size (3.5 inch). One floppy disk drive indicated at 85 in Figure 1 is contained in an upper bay 26, and is a removable media direct access storage device capable of receiving a diskette inserted thereinto and using the diskette to receive, store and deliver data as is generally known. The remaining bays illustrated are vacant. Prior to relating the above structure to the present invention, a summary of the operation in general of the personal computer system 10 may merit review. Referring to Figure 3, there is shown a block diagram of a personal computer system illustrating the various components of the system 10 including components mounted on the planar 20 and the connection of the planar to the I/O slots and other hardware of the personal computer system. Connected to the planar is the system processor 32 comprised of a microprocessor which is connected by a high speed CPU local bus 34 through a bus control timing unit 35 to a memory control unit 36 which is further connected to a volatile random access memory (RAM) 38. While any appropriate microprocessor can be used, one suitable microprocessor is the 80386 which is sold by INTEL. While the present invention is described hereinafter with particular reference to the system block diagram of Figure 3, it is to be understood that the present invention may be used with other hardware configurations of the planar board. For example, the system processor could be an Intel 80286 or 80486 microprocessor. Returning now to Figure 3, the CPU local bus 34 (comprising data, address and control components) provides for the connection of the microprocessor 32, a math coprocessor 39, a cache controller 40, and a cache memory 41. Also coupled on the CPU local bus 34 is a buffer 42. The buffer 42 is itself connected to a slower speed (compared to the CPU local bus) system bus 44, also comprising address, data and control components. The system bus 44 extends between the buffer 42 and a further buffer 68. The system bus 44 is further connected to the bus control timing unit 35 and a DMA unit 48. The DMA unit 48 is comprised of a central arbitration unit 49 and DMA controller 50. A buffer 51 provides an interface between the system bus 44 and an optional feature bus such as the MICRO CHANNEL bus 52. Connected to the bus 52 are a plurality of I/O slots 54 for receiving MICRO CHANNEL adapter cards which may be further connected to an I/O device or memory. An arbitration control bus 55 couples the DMA controller 50 and central arbitration unit 49 to the I/O slots 54 and a diskette adapter 56. Also connected to the system bus 44 is the memory control unit 36 which is comprised of a memory controller 59, an address multiplexor 60, and a data buffer 61. The memory control unit 36 is further connected to a random access memory as represented by the RAM module 38. The memory controller 36 includes the logic for mapping addresses to and from the microprocessor 32 to particular areas of RAM 38. This logic is used to reclaim RAM previously occupied by BIOS. Further generated by memory controller 36 is a ROM select signal (ROMSEL), that is used to enable or disable ROM 64. While the microcomputer system 10 is shown with a basic 1 megabyte RAM module, it is understood that additional memory can be interconnected as represented in Figure 3 by the optional memory modules 65 through 67. For purposes of illustration only, the present invention is described with reference to the basic one megabyte memory module 38. A latch buffer 68 is coupled between the system bus 44 and a planar I/O bus 69. The planar I/O bus 69 includes address, data, and control components respectively. Coupled along the planar I/O bus 69 are a variety of I/O adapters and other components such as the display adapter 70 (which is used to drive the monitor 11), a CMOS clock 72, nonvolatile CMOS RAM 74 herein after referred to as NVRAM, a RS232 adapter 76, a parallel adapter 78, a plurality of timers 80, the diskette adapter 56, an interrupt controller 84, and the read only memory 64. The read only memory 64 includes the BIOS that is used to interface between the I/O devices and the operating system of the microprocessor 32. BIOS stored in ROM 64 can be copied into RAM 38 to decrease the execution time of BIOS. ROM 64 is further responsive (via ROMSEL signal) to memory controller 36. If ROM 64 is enabled by memory controller 36, BIOS is executed out of ROM. If ROM 64 is disabled by memory controller 36, ROM is not responsive to address enquiries from the microprocessor 32 (i.e. BIOS is executed out of RAM). The planar I/O bus 69, as described hereinafter, includes portions defined by conductive pathways formed in interior layers of the multilayer planar 20, and particularly includes a number of such pathways in a portion extending adjacent an edge of the planar 20 which is positioned to extend adjacent one of the front and rear panels of the chassis. Such design of the planar makes possible the location of a number of I/O connectors along such a side edge for exchange of signals with such devices as the monitor, keyboard and printer. The clock 72 is used for time of day calculations and the NVRAM is used to store system configuration data. That is, the NVRAM will contain values which describe the present configuration of the system. For example, NVRAM contains information describing the capacity of a fixed disk or diskette, the type of display, the amount of memory, time, date, etc. Of particular importance NVRAM will contain data (can be one bit) which is used by memory controller 36 to determine whether BIOS is run out of ROM or RAM and whether to reclaim RAM intended to be used by BIOS RAM. Furthermore, these data are stored in NVRAM whenever a special configuration program, such as SET Configuration, is executed. The purpose of the SET Configuration program is to store values characterising the configuration of the system to NVRAM. As mentioned hereinabove, the computer has a cover indicated generally at 15 which cooperates with the chassis 19 in forming an enclosed, shielded volume for containing the above identified components of the microcomputer. The cover preferably is formed with an outer decorative cover member 16 which is a unitary moulded component made of a mouldable synthetic material and a metallic thin sheet liner 18 formed to conform to the configuration of the decorative cover member. However, the cover can be made in other known ways and the utility of this invention is not limited to enclosures of the type described. In personal computers of the general type here described, it was known to provide for interconnection of the controller 56 and removable media DASD such as the floppy disk drive 85 by means of multiple pathways for communicating electrical digital signals. Conventionally, such interconnection has been established either by cables connecting a controller and a drive or by the direct connection of a DASD to the system planar 20. In prior personal computers offered by International Business Machines Corporation, or which are fully compatible with such machines, the interconnection has been established by a set of thirty four pathways or conductors, with various ones of such pathways having various assigned functions. Certain such functions and pathways have been used heretofore to accomplish the determination of diskette drive and media types as disclosed for example in Berens et al United States Patent 4,733,036 issued September 20, 1988 and Agoglia et al United States Patent 4,928,193. To any extent necessary or appropriate for an understanding of this invention, the disclosures of those prior patents are hereby incorporated by reference into this description. In order to accomplish the objectives of this invention, a pair of conductive pathways previously used with older types of DASD are assigned new functions, and the new functions are realised in a manner which enables upward compatibility of older types of drives with the new functions achieved. That is, by providing new functions for a pair of conductive pathways, a controller is enabled to distinguish among older and newer types of storage devices. Further, where the controller recognises a newer type of device, it is enabled to distinguish a specific type of such device by storage capability. In personal computers of the types described as they have been operated prior to the present invention, a power on self test procedure has determined direct access storage device presence by issuing commands to each possible drive bay and monitoring for return of a specific signal. Then, once drive presence has been established, drive type is determined by issuing a step sequence and monitoring return signals to distinguish between devices having certain storage capabilities. As the storage capability is determined, a system assumption is made as to the specific type of device provided based upon the known and anticipated devices which could be installed and have the determined storage capability. Now a pair of pathways previously either reserved and unused or used for ground return to assure isolation of other signals are used to permit determination first of whether older or newer types of storage devices have been installed and then further, if newer types of devices are determined to be present, to permit determination of storage capability of the storage devices installed. More particularly, in the schematic representation of Figure 4, pathway 4 has been changed from a reserved pathway having no other use to a pathway for a first drive type indicator, while pathway 9 has been changed from a ground return to a pathway for a second drive type indicator. The availability of distinguishing among the absence of any drive type signal on the pair of pathways and, if signals are found to be present, among combinations of such signals as indicative of the storage capability of the identified device accomplishes these desired results. In the combination here described, certain characteristics of both the controller 56 and the storage device contribute to success. That is, the controller must be capable of distinguishing between the absence and presence of device identifying signals on pathways four and nine, and the storage devices must be capable of presenting such signals, both while avoiding otherwise possibly damaging effects. These capabilities enable the upward and downward compatibility which will permit use of both new and old components in the same system. It is contemplated that the present identification capability will involve the use of open collector devices enabled by a DRIVE SELECT input from the controller. Use of open collector drivers allows older type storage devices which do not otherwise support this identification scheme to be used on the interface without damaging identification enabled storage devices. Typical device identification codings are schematically illustrated in Figure 5. The coding scheme assumes that a selected one of two types of DRIVE SELECT signals may be sent, a low (L) and a high (H). The storage device may reply, on enabling of the identification drivers by receipt of a DRIVE SELECT signal, by patterns of high and low signals on each of the pair of pathways, here identified as DRVTYP1 and DRVTYP0. One possible assignment of significance to the responses is shown. In operation, the procedure for determining system configuration would include steps of deselecting all storage devices, reading the assigned input port, and testing for a binary "11" combination. The presence of any other combination would be indicative that at least one installed storage device does not support the drive identification scheme here disclosed, leading to a conclusion that the identification returned by all installed devices be deemed invalid. With determination of an invalid identification, a user would be compelled into a manual configuration routine in which the user would supply the information necessary for satisfactory use of the associated storage devices. Should it be determined that the storage devices support the drive identification scheme here disclosed, then a DRIVE SELECT signal would be sent in turn to all applicable devices, and the enabled identification signals returned read to update the configuration table of the system. In so providing data for updating the configuration table, the present invention is enabled to distinguish among a plurality of types of removable media direct access storage devices used with such a system and to incorporate both older types of storage devices not specifically adapted to the determination here described and newer types of storage devices specifically equipped to be so adapted. As with the storage device type identification already described above, a pair of pathways previously either reserved and unused or used for ground return to assure isolation of other signals can be used to permit determination of the memory capability of media inserted into an identified storage device having the capability of facilitating such determination. More particularly, in the schematic representation of Figure 4, pathway seventeen may be changed from a reserved pathway to a pathway for a first media type indicator, while pathway nine may be changed from a ground return to a pathway for a second media type indicator. The availability of distinguishing among the absence of any media type signal on the pair of pathways and, if signals are found to be present, among combinations of such signals as indicative of the storage capability of the media inserted into an identified device accomplishes the desired results. Typical media identification codings are schematically illustrated in Figure 6. The coding scheme assumes that a selected one of two types of DRIVE SELECT signals may be sent, a low (L) and a high (H). The storage device may reply, on enabling of the identification drivers by receipt of a DRIVE SELECT signal, by patterns of high and low signals on each of the pair of pathways, here identified as MEDTYP1 and MEDTYP0. One possible assignment of significance to the responses is shown. In operation, the procedure for determining system configuration would include steps of deselecting all storage devices, reading the assigned input port, and testing for a binary "11" combination. The presence of any other combination would be indicative that at least one installed storage device does not support the media identification scheme here disclosed, leading to a conclusion that the identification returned by all installed devices be deemed invalid. With determination of an invalid identification, a user would be compelled into a manual configuration routine in which the user would supply the information necessary for satisfactory use of the associated storage devices. Should it be determined that the storage devices support the media identification scheme here disclosed, then a DRIVE SELECT signal would be sent in turn to all applicable devices, and the enabled identification signals returned read to update the configuration table of the system as to drive type. If media sensing is determined to be supported, then selection of a particular storage device on which a read/write/format operation is to be performed would initiate a determination of whether removable media was then installed in the storage device. If it were determined that media was absent, a user would be prompted to insert media. If media were found present, then the status of the media sense pathways seventeen and twenty seven would be read to determine from sensed characteristics of the media (such as holes) which type of media had been installed. Should the operation request be for formatting, then the media would be formatted in a manner consistent with the media sense determination. Should the requested operation be a read or write operation, then the previously disclosed media determination procedure (that of Berens et al United States Patent 4,773,036 mentioned hereinabove) would be used to establish how the media had been formatted. If the existing format was found to be consistent with the media sense determination in accordance with this invention, then the requested operation would proceed. If found to be inconsistent, then the user would be warned that there was a potential for error. The user would be able to give instructions that the requested operation proceed, in which event the determination made by the Berens et al procedure would take precedence over the determination made by sensing the physical characteristics of the media, and the system would ignore the media sense information presented on the MEDTYP1 and MEDTYP0 pathways.

Claims: A personal computer comprising: a central processor unit for performing instructions, a removable media direct access storage device for receiving, storing and delivering data for manipulation by said central processor unit, and a direct access storage device controller operatively interposed between said processor unit and said storage device for directing operation of said storage device in receiving, storing and delivering data, said storage device and said controller being operatively connected by a plurality of signal conducting pathways, the personal computer being characterised in that: a selected plurality of said pathways conduct signals which identify to said controller the characteristics of said storage device which are indicative of the storage characteristics of said storage device, said controller distinguishing among: (a) the absence of signals conducted by said selected pathways as indicating the presence of a first type of storage device; and (b) the presence of one of a plurality of differing combinations of signals conducted by said selected pathways as indicating the presence of a second type of storage device; and (c) said differing combinations of signals as indicating the storage capability of media inserted into said second type of storage device. A personal computer according to Claim 1, wherein: the selected plurality of pathways are constituted by a one pair of said pathways. A personal computer according to Claim 2 further comprising a driver device associated with each one of said pair of said pathways, each said driver device having the capability of delivering an appropriate recognition signal and further of isolating said storage device and said controller from any adverse effects otherwise possibly following from an inability of said controller to recognise such a signal. A personal computer according to Claim 2 or Claim 3 wherein said controller issues to said storage device, through another of said pathways, an enabling signal initiating the delivery of signals through said pair of said pathways. A personal computer system according to any preceding claim, having a high speed system processor compatible with application programs and operating system software designed to execute on slower speed system processors, said central processor unit being a high speed microprocessor having a real and protected mode of operation and being coupled to a high speed data bus, said personal computer system comprising: volatile memory electrically coupled to the high speed data bus; non-volatile memory electrically coupled to a slower speed data bus; a bus controller for providing communications between the high speed data bus and the slower speed data bus; and a memory controller electrically coupled to said volatile memory and said non-volatile memory, said memory controller regulating communications between said volatile memory and said high speed microprocessor; the direct access storage device controller being electrically coupled to the slower speed data bus.

Inventors: ARNOLD ALAN FREDERICK, TAI JAMES, WHEELER ARTHUR RAYMOND, ARNOLD, ALAN FREDERICK, TAI, JAMES, WHEELER, ARTHUR RAYMOND
Applicants: IBM, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G06F3
IPC codes: G06F3, G11B19