Fluorescent lamp and its manufacturing method

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprising, a bulb (1) having an outer surface and an inner surface, discharge gas contained in the bulb (1) and generating ultraviolet rays by a discharge thereof, a pair of electrodes (4) provided to the bulb (1) for generating the discharge, a phosphor film (7) formed on the inner surface of the bulb (1) and having a non-uniform thickness thereof, and an ultraviolet suppressing film (8) for suppressing the ultraviolet rays formed to be faced with the phosphor film (7), characterized in that the ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has non-uniform ability for suppressing ultraviolet rays penetrating the phosphor film (7) in accordance with portions thereof to decrease the difference in the intensity of the ultraviolet rays emitted from the ultraviolet suppressing film (8).

Description: The present invention relates to a fluorescent lamp. So far, this type of the fluorescent lamp is configured as shown below in order to protect clothing and printed matters from fading due to ultraviolet radiation. An ultraviolet suppressing film made of titanium oxide (TiO₂) is formed in a bulb and a phosphor film is laminated on the internal surface of the ultraviolet absorbing film or the surface at the discharge space side. As the result, the ultraviolet radiation with the wavelength of approx. 365 nm) produced in the discharge space is interrupted by said ultraviolet suppressing film. Therefore, it is not emitted from the bulb. This type of fluorescent lamp is made by the following process. First, a cleaned bulb is hung by setting the bulb axis vertically. The ultraviolet suppressing material mixture in which titanium-oxide particles are melted is poured into the bulb from the top of the hung bulb. After the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture is formed on the entire inner surface of the bulb, it is dried by hot air. Then, the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture is baked in a baking oven to form an ultraviolet absorbing film on the inner surface of the bulb. And, the phosphor mixture mixed with fluorescent materials to emit three bands of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) is poured onto the inner surface of the ultraviolet suppressing film formed in the bulb from the top of the bulb. Then, the phosphor mixture is dried by hot air. And, the phosphor mixture is baked in the baking oven to laminate phosphor film on the inner surface of the ultraviolet suppressing film. However, the fluorescent lamp made by the above-mentioned process has the following problem because the ultraviolet suppressing film also suppresses visible radiation. That is, when the thickness of the ultraviolet suppressing film is increased in order to adequately suppress ultraviolet radiation, the light output (lumen) of the fluorescent lamp decreases because more visible radiation is suppressed. On the contrary, when the thickness of the ultraviolet suppressing film is decreased to prevent the light output of the fluorescent lamp from decreasing, ultraviolet radiation is inadequately suppressed. It is an object of the present invention to provide fluorescent lamps capable of efficiently controlling ultraviolet radiation without decreasing the light output of the lamp. To achieve the object, the fluorescent lamp of the present invention comprises a fluorescent lamp comprising: a bulb having an outer surface and an inner surface; discharge gas contained in said bulb and generating ultraviolet rays by a discharge thereof; a pair of electrodes provided to said bulb for generating said discharge; a phosphor film formed on the inner surface of said bulb and having a non-uniform thickness thereof; and an ultraviolet suppressing film for suppressing said ultraviolet rays formed to be faced with said phosphor film, said ultraviolet suppressing film having corresponding non-uniform ability for suppressing ultraviolet rays penetrating said phosphor film so as to decrease the non-uniformity in the intensity of the ultraviolet rays passing through said ultraviolet suppressing film. This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1A is a sectional view of the fluorescent lamp in the first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 1B is an enlarged sectional view of the portion B in Fig. 1A; Fig. 1C is an enlarged sectional view of the portion C in Fig. 1A; Fig. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the output of the ultraviolel radiation emitted from the fluorescent lamp in Fig. 1A; Fig. 3 is a characteristic diagram obtained by changing the density of the ultraviolet suppressing film formed on the fluorescent lamp in Fig. 1A; Fig. 4 is a sectional view locally showing the fluorescent lamp of a modified embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the fluorescent lamp of another modified embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a front view showing a part of the fluorescent lamp of the second embodiment of the present invention by cutting out the portion; Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength output from the fluorescent lamp in Fig. 6 and the relative energy; and Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing a modified embodiment of the fluorescent lamp in Fig. 6. The fluorescent lamp of the first embodiment of the present invention is described below according to Figs. 1A through 2. Fig. 1A shows a three-band emission-type fluorescent lamp of Type FL20SS.EX-N/18. This type of fluorescent lamp of this embodiment comprises a straight-tubular glass bulb 1. The diameter of the bulb 1 is approx. 28 mm and the length of it is approx. 580 mm. The inside of the bulb 1 is provided with a discharge space 2. The both ends of the bulb 1 are closed by a stem 3. Each of the stems 3 has a filament electrode 4. A base 5 is installed on the both ends of the bulb 1. A pair of pins 6 respectively connected to said electrode 4 is installed on each of the bases 5. A phosphor film 7 is formed on the inner surface of the bulb 1. The phosphor film 7 is mainly made of three-band fluorescent materials. The three-band fluorescent material is made by mixing the phosphors emitting blue, green, and red lights. The phosphor for emitting blue light includes "(Ba, Mg) 0.8 Aℓ₂O₃: Eu" whose luminous peak is present at the wavelength of approx. 450 nm. The phosphor for emitting green light includes "LaPO₄: Ce, Tb" whose luminous peak is present at the wavelength of approx. 540 nm. The phosphor for emitting red light includes "Y₂O₃: Eu" whose luminous peak is present at the wavelength of approx. 610 nm. The bulb 1 contains a certain amount of electric-discharge gas such as mercury or argon gas. An ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is made by mixing particles of the titanium oxide (TiO₂) and those of zinc oxide (ZnO). The particle diameter of titanium oxide approximately ranges between 0.03 and 0.05 µm and that of zinc oxide between 0.0015 and 0.005 µm. This type of fluorescent lamp is made by the following process. First, the cleaned bulb 1 is hung by setting the bulb axis vertically. The phosphor mixture in which three-band fluorescent material or binder is dispersed or melted, is poured onto the inner surface of the bulb 1 from one end of the bulb 1, that is, from the top of the hung bulb 1. After said phosphor mixture is formed on the entire inner surface of the bulb 1, the solvent is evaporated by blowing hot air on the outside of the bulb 1 while it hung. Then, the bulb 1 is horizontally set to bake the coated film in a baking oven and the binder is removed to form the phosphor film 7 on the inner surface of the bulb 1. Then, a mount with an electrode at the both ends of it is sealed on the bulb 1 having the phosphor film 7 thus formed. The bulb 1 is exhausted through an exhaust tube installed on the mount and filled with a small amount of electric-discharge gases such as Hg and argon. The exhaust process is executed in an exhaust furnace. After the bulb is filled with Hg and argon, the exhaust tube is chipped off. Then, a base 5 is installed at the both ends of the bulb 1. In this stage, an ordinary fluorescent lamp is finished. The fluorescent lamp of the present invention is further transferred to the process for forming the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 as mentioned later. That is, the bulb 1 with the phosphor film 7 formed is vertically hung similarly to the time the phosphor film 7 is formed. In this case, the bulb 1 should be hung inversely when the phosphor film 7 is applied, that is, so that the upper side when the phosphor mixture is applied will be brought to the lower side. The reason is mentioned later. Then the bulb 1 is hung again by setting the bulb axis vertically. Then, the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture in which particles of titanium oxide and zinc oxide and binder are dispersed or melted is poured onto the outer surface of the bulb 1 from the other end of the bulb 1, that is, from the top of the hung bulb 1. After the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture is formed on the entire outer surface of the bulb 1, the solvent is evaporated by blowing hot air from the outside of the bulb 1. Then, the coated film is baked in the baking oven and binder is removed to form the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The phosphor film 7 formed as mentioned above is the thinnest at said one end of the bulb 1 and the thickest at the other end of it. From Fig. 1A, it is found that the thickness X₁ of the phosphor film 7 at the portion B (see Fig. 1B) is larger than the thickness X₂ of the phosphor film 7 at the portion C (see Fig. 1C) (i.e., X₁ > X₂). The reason originates in the forming process of the phosphor film 7. That is, when said phosphor mixture is applied, the applied solution drips from the top to the bottom of the bulb 1 until it is dried because the bulb 1 is vertically held. Therefore, the phosphor film 7 is thinly formed at the top of the bulb 1 and thickly formed at the bottom of it. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 formed as mentioned above, unlike said phosphor film 7, is the thickest at said one end of the bulb 1 and the thinnest at the other end of it. From Fig. 1A, it is found that the thickness Y₁ of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 at the portion B (see Fig. 1B) is smaller than the thickness Y₂ of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 at the portion C (see Fig. 1C) (i.e., Y₁ < Y₂). The reason is the same as the cause in which the thickness difference occurs in the phosphor film 7. Consequently, the thick portion (shown by X₁ in the drawing) of the phosphor film 7 faces the thin portion (shown by Y₁ in the drawing) of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8. Also, the thin portion (shown by X₂ in the drawing) of the phosphor film 7 faces the thick portion (shown by Y₂ in the drawing) of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8. For the fluorescent lamp of this embodiment, the fluorescent material of the phosphor film 7 is stimulated by the ultraviolet radiation (with the wavelength of approx. 365 nm) produced in the discharge space 2 while the lamp lights up. As the result, visible radiation is emitted from the phosphor film 7 to the outside by penetrating the bulb 1 and ultraviolet suppressing film 8. In this case, the ultraviolet radiation produced in the discharge space 2 is not completely converted into visible radiation by the phosphor film 7. Part of the ultraviolet radiation penetrates the phosphor film 7. The amount of the ultraviolet radiation penetrating the film 7 depends on the thicknesses X₁ and X₂ of the phosphor film 7 (see Figs. 1B and 1C). This is, only a small amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrates the thick portion of the phosphor film 7 (see Fig. 1B), while a large amount of ultraviolel radiation penetrates the thin portion of the phosphor film 7 (see Fig. 1C). The ultraviolet radiation penetrating the phosphor film 7 is suppressed by the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The amount of the ultraviolet radiation to be suppressed also depends on the thicknesses Y₁ and Y₂ of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Figs. 1B and 1C). That is, only a a small amount of ultraviolet radiation is suppressed at the thin portion of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Fig. 1B), while a large amount of ultraviolet radiation is suppressed at the thick portion of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Fig. 1C). As described above, for the fluorescent lamp of this embodiment, the thick portion of the phosphor film 7 faces the thin portion of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Fig. 1B) and the thin portion of the phosphor film 7 faces the thick portion of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Fig. 1C). Therefore, a large amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the thin portion of the phosphor film 7 reaches the thick portion of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Fig. 1C). Consequently, said large amount of ultraviolet radiation is adequately suppressed by the thick ultraviolet suppressing film 8. Thus, no ultraviolet radiation is emitted to the outside. Meanwhile, a small amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating the thick portion of the phosphor film 7 reaches the thin portion of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 (see Fig. 1B). Consequently, said small amount of ultraviolet radiation is adequately suppressed by the thin ultraviolet suppressing film 8. Therefore, ultraviolet radiation is adequately suppressed even if the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 has thickness difference. Fig. 2 shows the ultraviolet output characteristic curve of the fluorescent lamp of this embodiment. For the fluorescent lamp of this embodiment, it is found from this graph that the ultraviolet output is maintained at a low value throughout the bulb. The ultraviolet output value shown by the graph in Fig. 2 can be decreased and it is not necessary to form a extremely thick ultraviolet suppressing film 8. Therefore, light is not greatly suppressed by the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 or the light output (lumen) of the fluorescent lamp does not decrease. The forming process of the above-mentioned ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is executed after the ordinary fluorescent lamp is finished. Therefore, there is the advantage that the manufacturing equipment and process of the ordinary fluorescent lamp do not have to be changed. Also, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 can simply be formed by only forming a film on the outer surface of the bulb 1. In addition, because film thickness difference is formed through the process in which the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture is applied to the bulb 1 by vertically holding the bulb similarly to the forming of the phosphor film 7, there is the advantage that the ultraviolet suppressing material film 8 can very simply be formed without any special means. Moreover, because the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 used for the fluorescent lamp of this embodiment is made of titanium oxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO), it is possible to keep the decrease of said light output (lumen) smaller and improve the suppression of ultraviolet radiation. The existing ultraviolet suppression film is made of only titanium oxide (TiO₂). The titanium oxide is superior in ultraviolet suppression but has the characteristic to slightly suppress visible radiation. Therefore, there is a problem that light output (lumen) slightly decreases. However, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 of this embodiment is made by mixing titanium oxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Zinc oxide has a large transmittance of visible radiation. Therefore, the transmittance of visible radiation is improved compared with the existing ultraviolet suppressing film. Consequently, the light output (lumen) is improved. However, zinc oxide is slightly inferior to titanium oxide in ultraviolet suppression. For this reason, when the thickness of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 of this embodiment increases, the amount of ultraviolet radiation to be suppressed decreases. Therefore, it is preferable to decrease the thickness of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 as small as possible. By forming the film as thin as possible, the transmittance of visible radiation can be improved. Also for the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 mixed with zinc oxide and titanium oxide of this embodiment, the film strength is improved because the particle diameter of zinc oxide is different from that of titanium oxide. Thus, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1 is not easily separated from the bulb 1. The fluorescent lamp of this embodiment is not restricted to the above-mentioned configuration. For example, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 can be configured by titanium oxide as ever. Moreover, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 can be formed between the inner surface and the phosphor film 7 of the bulb 1. Also, it is possible to change the density of the ultraviolet suppressing materials (e.g., TiO₂ and ZnO) contained in the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 instead of changing the film thickness. As shown in Fig. 3, the continuous line C shows the ultraviolet output characteristic of a fluorescent lamp having the ultraviolet suppressing film containing 0.3 g of ultraviolet suppressing material. The dotted line D shows the ultraviolet output characteristic of a fluorescent lamp having the ultraviolet suppressing film containing 0.1 g of ultraviolet suppressing material. From Fig. 3, it is found that the amount of ultraviolet radiation to be output decreases as the density of the ultraviolet suppressing material increases, while the amount of ultraviolet radiation to be output increases as the density of it decreases. As shown in Fig. 4, ultraviolet suppressing films 8a and 8b having different density from each other are formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1 by using the above relationship. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8a is made of the ultraviolet suppressing material with a large density, while the ultraviolet suppressing film 8b is made of the ultraviolet suppressing material with a small density. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8a faces the thin portion (upper side in the drawing) of the phosphor film 7 and the ultraviolet suppressing film 8b faces the thicker portion (lower side in the drawing) of the phosphor film 7. Thus, the difference of ultraviolet suppression is allowed between the ultraviolet suppressing films 8a and 8b according to the difference of the amount of emitted ultraviolet radiation based on the film thickness difference of the phosphor film 7. It is also possible to wind a heat shrinkable tube containing ultraviolet suppressing material on the outer surface of the bulb 1. It is also possible to form the phosphor film 7 and the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 of said embodiment on the external-electrode-type fluorescent lamp shown in Fig. 5. The fluorescent lamp of this modified embodiment has the bulb 1 provided with an internal electrode 4a at its one end. The discharge space 2 is prepared in the bulb 1. The phosphor film 7 is formed on the inner surface of the bulb 1. An external electrode 4b is installed on the outer surface of the bulb 1 and the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is formed on the outer surface of the external electrode 4b. The present invention can be applied to the above lamp. The fluorescent lamp of the second embodiment of the present invention is described below according to Figs. 6 and 7. The configuration same as that of the fluorescent lamp of the first embodiment is provided with the same symbol and its description is omitted. As shown in Fig. 6, the fluorescent lamp of the present embodiment of the invention has two U-type bulbs 1 having a bent portion 11 and opening at the both ends. Opening sides of these bulbs 1 are installed on a base 13. One opening of each bulb (the opening at the both outsides in the drawing) is closed by the stem 3 having a filament electrode 4. The ends of the bulb 1 not closed by the stem 3 are connected to each other by a U-type connecting section 20. A discharge space is prepared in two U-type bulbs 1 to form a discharge route. The U-type connecting section is behind the base 13. A connecting section 15 is installed on the opposite side (the side opposite to the surface on which said bulb 1 is installed) of the base 13. A pair of pins 6 connected to said filament electrode 4 protrudes from the connecting section 15. The phosphor film 7 for converting the ultraviolet into the visible radiation is formed on the inner surface of the bulb 1. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 for absorbing the ultraviolet radiation penetrating the phosphor film 7 is formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The phosphor film 7 is formed by the following process. A U-type bulb 1, before the stem 3 is installed and the connecting section 20 is formed, is prepared and said phosphor mixture mixed with three-band fluorescent materials is poured from the opening of the bulb 1. Then, the bulb 1 is held with the bent portion 11 upward. Therefore, the phosphor mixture poured into the bulb 1 drips downward from the opening. In this case, said phosphor mixture is dried by blowing hot air on it from the outside of the bulb 1. Then, the coated film is baked in a baking oven to remove binder or the like and form the phosphor film 7 on the inner surface of the bulb 1. The phosphor film 7 thus formed is the thinnest at the bent portion 11 and the thickest at the opening. It is the reason why film thickness difference occurs that, similarly to the first embodiment, the film thickness decreases at the U-bent portion which is the upper side and increases at the opening which is the lower side because phosphor mixture runs downward during drying until the solvent is evaporated. A fluorescent lamp with no base called a wire bulb is made by connecting two U-type bulbs 1 thus formed each other, installing the stem 3 provided with an electrode on the opening at the both ends of the bulb, and filling the bulbs with a small amount of such electric-discharge gasses as Hg and argon by the exhaust process. Then, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is similarly formed by the following process before the bulb 1 is installed on the base 13. For example, the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture is prepared which is made by dispersing zinc oxide (ZnO) with the particle diameter of 0.01 µm and titanium oxide (TiO₂) with the particle diameter of 0.03 µm into hydrolyzed tetrathoxysilane solution. The bulb 1 is dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture from the bent portion 11 by holding the lead wire of the bulb. Then, the bulb 1 is raised and held so that the opening will be turned upward to dry the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture. In this case, it is permitted to blow hot air on the bulb 1. Then, the coated film is baked for approx. 20 min to remove binder or the like and form the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 thus formed is the thinnest at the opening and the thickest at the bent portion 11. This is because, as mentioned above, the film thickness increases at the U-bent portion 11 which is the lower side and decreases at the opening which is the upper side because the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture runs downward during drying until the solvent is evaporated. Because the bulb 1 is held inversely when the phosphor film 7 is formed, the thickness of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 increases at the U-bent portion 11 where the phosphor film 7 is thin and decreases at the opening where it is thick. When the base 13 is installed on the fluorescent lamp thus formed, the lamp is finished. It is also possible to form the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 after the base 13 is installed. In this case, since the base 13 is generally made of synthetic resin which is easily deteriorated by ultraviolet radiation, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 should also be provided on the surface of the base 13 to prevent the deterioration of the base 13. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 should be baked for a long time at a low temperature so that the base 13 will not be thermally deformed. The following table shows the ratio of the amount of emitted ultraviolet radiation to the total amount of produced ultraviolet radiation and that of the irradiated amount of light to the total amount of light emitted from the fluorescent lamp when the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is made by various processes. In this table, each experimental result is expressed assuming that the amount of emitted ultraviolet and the irradiated amount of light are individually 100 % in comparison example "a" which is taken as a reference. The comparison example "a" shows the case in which the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is not formed. Thickness of ultraviolet absorbing (µm) Amount of ultraviolet radiation (%) Amount of light (%) Bent portion Middle Opening side Example A 5 3 1 0.5 99 B 10 6 2 0.1 98 Comparison Example a - - - 100 100 b 1 3 5 5 98 c 3 6 10 0.5 96 d 3 3 3 0.5 97 In this table, the example A shows the case in which the bulb 1 is dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture once from the bent portion 11. For the example A, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1 is the thickest at the bent portion 11 and the thinnest at the opening. In this case, most of the ultraviolet radiation with the wavelength of 380 nm or less (see Fig. 7) is suppressed, that is, only 0.5 % of the total amount of produced ultraviolet radiation in the bulb 1 is emitted and 99% of the total amount of light is irradiated. The example B shows the case in which the bulb 1 is dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture twice. For the example B, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 has the thickness two times as thick as the film in said example A. As the result, the amount of emitted ultraviolet radiation greatly decreases and the amount of irradiated light slightly decreases. Comparison examples "a" through "d" show the case in which the bulb 1 is dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture from the opening. The phosphor film 7, as previously mentioned, is the thinnest at the bent portion 11 and the thickest at the opening. The comparison example "b" shows the case in which the bulb 1 is dipped in the mixture once. For this comparison example, the formed ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is the thinnest at the bent portion 11 and the thickest at the opening. Therefore, the thicknesses of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 and the phosphor film 7 are the thinnest at the bent portion 11. Consequently, the amount of ultraviolet radiation emitted from the bent portion 11 is four times as much as that emitted from the opening. The comparison example "c" shows the case in which the bulb 1 is dipped in the mixture twice. For the comparison example "c", the formed ultraviolet suppressing film 8 has the thickness two times as large as that of the comparison example "b". Consequently, the amount of emitted ultraviolet radiation decreases. However, because the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 slightly suppresses visible radiation, the amount of irradiated light decreases. The comparison example "d" shows the case in which the bulb 1 is first dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture from the opening by turning the bent portion 11 upward and then dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material mixture from the bent portion 11 by turning the opening upward. For the comparison example "d", the formed ultraviolet suppressing film 8 has the uniform thickness in the axis direction of the bulb 1. In the comparison example "d", similarly to the comparison example "c", the amount of emitted ultraviolet and that of irradiated light decrease. For the fluorescent lamp of this embodiment, as mentioned above, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 facing the thin portion of the phosphor film 7 is thickly formed while the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 facing the thick portion of the phosphor film 7 is thinly formed. As the result, the ultraviolet radiation penetrating the thin portion of the phosphor film 7 is adequately suppressed by the ultraviolet suppressing film 8. Therefore, no ultraviolet radiation is emitted to the outside. In this thick portion of the phosphor film 7, ultraviolet radiation is adequately suppressed by even thinly-formed ultraviolet suppressing film 8 because only a small amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrates the portion. As the result, no ultraviolet radiation is emitted to the outside. Moreover, the light output does not decrease because the thickness of the phosphor film 7 and that of the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 are not extremely large. When the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is formed in said embodiment, the bulb is dipped in the ultraviolet suppressing material by turning the bent portion 11 downward and dried with the bent portion 11 downward. Therefore, the lead wire is not contaminated by the mixture. As the result, imperfect insulation is prevented when the wire is electrically connected to the pin 6 of the base 13. Moreover, when the base 13 is installed on the bulb 1 before the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is formed, it is further effective because the lead wire is not contaminated. This embodiment is not restricted to the above configuration. For example, the fluorescent lamp with the configuration shown in Fig. 8 is allowed. The configuration same as that of the fluorescent lamp of said second embodiment is provided with the same symbol and its description is omitted. The fluorescent lamp of this modified embodiment has four cylindrical glass bulbs 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. Each of these bulbs 1a through 1d is closed at one end and open at the other end. Openings of these bulbs 1a through 1d are installed on the base 13 in parallel. The closed side of the first bulb 1a is connected with that of the second bulb 1b by a glass tube 17. The open side of the second bulb 1b is connected with that of the third bulb 1c by a glass tube 17. The closed side of the third bulb 1c is connected with that of the fourth bulb 1d by a glass tube 17. The phosphor film 7 for converting ultraviolet into visible radiation is formed on the inner surface of the bulb 1. The ultraviolet supressing film 8 for absorbing the ultraviolet radiation penetrating the phosphor film 7 is formed on the outer surface of the bulb 1. The phosphor film 7 is formed similarly to the above-mentioned second embodiment, which is the thinnest at the closed side and the thickest at the open side. The ultraviolet suppressing film 8 is dipped in said ultraviolet suppressing material mixture from the closed side of the bulb. Then, the bulb is held so that the closed side will be turned downward and dried. Therefore, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 thus formed is the thinnest at the open side and the thickest at the closed side. As the result, the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 facing the thin portion of the phosphor film 7 is thickly formed while the ultraviolet suppressing film 8 facing the thick portion of the phosphor film 7 is thinly formed. The bulb shape is not restricted to the U-type. So-called W-type bulb and ring bulb are allowed. The electric-discharge gas is not restricted to Hg. The present invention can also be applied to an electric-discharge lamp which emits visible radiation by filling the bulb with Xe gas instead of Hg and exciting the phosphor with the ultraviolet radiation emitted by the Xe gas. Moreover, it is possible to form the ultraviolet suppressing film on the inner surface of the bulb 1.

Claims: A fluorescent lamp comprising: a bulb (1) having an outer surface and an inner surface; discharge gas contained in said bulb (1) and generating ultraviolet rays by a discharge thereof; a pair of electrodes (4) provided to said bulb (1) for generating said discharge; a phosphor film (7) formed on the inner surface of said bulb (1) and having a non-uniform thickness thereof; and an ultraviolet suppressing film (8) for suppressing said ultraviolet rays formed to be faced with said phosphor film (7), characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has corresponding non-uniform ability for suppressing ultraviolet rays penetrating said phosphor film (7) so as to decrease the non-uniformity in the intensity of the ultraviolet rays passing through said ultraviolet suppressing film (8). A fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a first portion having a high ability for suppressing said ultraviolet rays and a second portion having a low ability for suppressing said ultraviolet rays as compared with each other, said phosphor film (7) has a thick portion and a thin portion as compared with each other, and said first portion of said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is located to be faced with said thin portion of said phosphor film (7), and said second portion of said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is located to be faced with said thick portion of said phosphor film (7). A fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) contains metal oxide grains absorbing said ultraviolet rays. A fluorescent lamp according to claim 3, characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has non-uniform density of said metal oxide grains in accordance with portions thereof to decrease the non-uniformity in the intensity of the ultraviolet rays passing through said ultraviolet suppressing film (8). A fluorescent lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) contains metal oxide grains suppressing said ultraviolet rays, said first portion of said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has high density of said metal oxide grains, and said second portion of said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has low density of said metal oxide grains as compared with each other. A fluorescent lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that said first portion of said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is thick, and said second portion of said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is thin as compared with each other. A fluorescent lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that said bulb has a first end and a second end, and said phosphor film (7) is the thinnest at first end of said bulb (1) and the thickest at the second end of it, and said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is the thickest at first end of said bulb (1) and the thinnest at the second end or it. A fluorescent lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is formed on the outer surface of said bulb (1). A fluorescent lamp according to claim 8, characterized in that said bulb (1) is straight and has a first end and a second end, said phosphor film (7) has a thickness varying gradually along an axis of said bulb (1) so that said phosphor film (7) has a minimum thickness at said first end and a maximum thickness at said second end, and said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a thickness varying gradually along said axis of said bulb (1) so that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a maximum thickness at said first end and minimum thickness at said second end. A fluorescent lamp according to claim 8, characterized in that said bulb (1) has a non-straight configuration including a plurality of straight portions and connecting portions (11, 20) connecting said plurality of straight portions and forms a convoluted discharge path therein, said pair of electrodes (4) are located, at a side opposite to said connecting portion (11) in an outer end opening of said bulb (1), said phosphor film (7) has a thickness varying along said discharge path so that said phosphor film (7) has a minimum thickness near said connecting portion (11) of said bulb (1) and a maximum thickness near said side, and said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a thickness varying along said discharge path so that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a maximum thickness near said connecting portion (11) of said bulb (1) and a minimum thickness near said side. A method for manufacturing a fluorescent lamp having a straight bulb (1) having a first end and a second end, a discharge gas contained in said bulb (1) and generating ultraviolet rays by a discharge thereof, a pair of electrodes (4) provided to said bulb (1) at both ends, a phosphor film (7) formed on the inner surface of said bulb (1) and having a thickness which varies gradually along an axis of said bulb (1) so that said phosphor film (7) has a minimum thickness at said first end and a maximum thickness at said second end, and an ultraviolet suppressing film (8) for suppressing said ultraviolet rays formed to be faced with said phosphor film (7) and having a thickness varying gradually along said axis of said bulb (1) so that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a maximum thickness at said first end and a minimum thickness at said second end, characterized by comprising: a step for drying a phosphor mixture coated inside of said bulb (1) while said second end of said bulb (1) is kept upward so as to form said phosphor film (7); and a step for drying an ultraviolet suppressing material mixture coated outside of said bulb while said first end of said bulb (1) is kept upward so as to form said ultraviolet suppressing film (8). A method for manufacturing a fluorescent lamp having a bulb (1) having a non-straight configuration including a plurality of straight portions and connecting portions (11, 20) connecting said plurality of straight portions and forming a convoluted discharge path therein a discharge gas contained in said bulb (1) and generating ultraviolet rays by a discharge thereof, a pair of electrodes (4), provided to said bulb (1) and located at a side opposite to said connecting portion (11) in an outer end opening of said bulb (1), a phosphor film (7) having a thickness which varys along said discharge path so that said phosphor film (7) has a minimum thickness near said connecting portion (11) of said bulb (1) and a maximum thickness near said side, and an ultraviolet suppressing film (8) having a thickness which varies along said discharge path so that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) has a maximum thickness near said connecting portion (11) of said bulb (1) and a minimum thickness near said side, characterized by comprising: a step for drying a phosphor mixture coated on the inside of said bulb (1) while said connecting portion (11) of said bulb (1) is kept upward so as to form said phosphor film (7); and a step for drying an ultraviolet suppressing material mixture coated outside of said bulb (1) while said side of said bulb (1) is kept upward so as to form said ultraviolet suppressing film (8). A method for manufacturing a fluorescent lamp according to claim 12, characterized in that said ultraviolet suppressing film (8) is coated on the outside of said bulb (1) by a step of dipping said bulb in said ultraviolet suppressing material mixture while said side of said bulb (1) is kept upward.

Inventors: HATAKEYAMA KEIJI, IKADA KUNIHIKO, SAKAKIBARA YUICHI, HATAKEYAMA, KEIJI, IKADA, KUNIHIKO, SAKAKIBARA, YUICHI
Applicants: TOSHIBA LIGHTING & TECHNOLOGY, TOSHIBA LIGHTING & TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H01J61
IPC codes: H01J61