Priority encoder

Abstract: A priority encoder includes an encoder (20) for coding an input consisting of a plurality of bits, selectors (10₀ to 10₇), respectively provided for bit input terminals of the encoder, for respectively receiving corresponding ones of a plurality of bits of an operand input, each of the selectors including a switch circuit (1) to be controlled by an operand input bit, a carry line connected in series with the switch circuit and connected in series with all of the selectors, a first precharge circuit (3), connected to a carry line portion on one end side of the switch circuit, for precharging the carry line at a predetermined timing, a first detector (4) which is controlled by an enable signal for designating upper bit priority and detects whether a potential of a carry line portion on an upper bit side of the switch circuit is at a discharge level, a second detector (5) which is controlled by an enable signal for designating lower bit priority and detects whether a carry line portion on a lower bit side of the switch circuit is at a discharge level, and a third detector (6) for detecting whether one of outputs from the first and second detectors and the operand input bit are both in an active state.

Description: The present invention relates to an improvement in a priority encoder formed in a semiconductor integrated circuit and, more particularly, to a priority encoder used for a device, in a microprocessor, such as a multiplier or a frame switching system for image processing. In a microprocessor or a peripheral interface apparatus having a timer function, a serial interface function, a parallel interface function, and the like, instructions and data are often coded to be used. A priority encoder having a bit priority function with respect to an input signal is widely used for a multiplier, a frame switching system for image processing, or the like in a microprocessor. N-bit data can be easily coded by logical OR operations. More specifically, an operation function, of an upper bit priority type 8-bit encoder, indicated by a truth table shown in Fig. 1, can be realized by a static logic circuit shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 1 shows a relationship between 8-bit code inputs D 7 (most significant bit: MSB) to Do (least significant bit LSB)), an enable control input Ei, and output signals GS, Eg, Q A , Q B , and Q C . A symbol * indicates a Low Level or high level (don't care). Referring to Fig. 2, reference numerals 71 to 77 denote NAND gates; 78 to 89, NOR gates; 90 to 93, inverters; and 94 and 95, AND gates. In the static circuit arrangement shown in Fig. 2, however, a large number of logic circuits are required to check the state of each signal and to detect and code an active MSB signal. In addition, as the number of bits of an input signal is increased from 8 bits to 10 bits, 16 bits, and 32 bits, hardware for detecting an active MSB signal becomes considerably complicated. Furthermore, the number of elements is increased to several times to several tens times what is was, and the proportion of an area occupied by the encoder to the total area on an IC chip is increased. Moreover, in the conventional priority encoder, a priority direction is fixed. For this reason, in order to realize a lower bit priority type encoder, the input terminals of an upper bit priority type encoder must be reversed. That is, the above-described upper bit priority type 8-bit encoder must be switched to be also used as a lower bit priority type encoder. As shown in Fig. 3, therefore, such an arrangement requires 2-bit input terminals for respectively receiving bit pairs of an input signal: 0th bit and 7th bit, 1st bit and 6th bit, 2nd bit and 5th bit, and 3rd bit and 4th bit, and selectors SEL, corresponding to 8 bits, for selecting the respective 2-bit input terminals in accordance with a select signal Eh. If a system is constituted by such static logic circuits as described above, the number of elements of a 10-bit priority encoder is increased to about twice that of an 8-bit priority encoder, as shown in Fig. 4. That is, the 10-bit priority encoder requires a chip area about twice that of the 8-bit priority encoder. The number of elements of a 16-bit priority encoder is increased to about four times that of the 10-bit priority encoder. That is, the 16-bit priority encoder requires a chip area about four times that of the 10-bit priority encoder. Therefore, in a high-level microcomputer having a large number of bits to be processed, the packing density is decreased, resulting in a decrease in operating speed. In other words, conventional hardware cannot satisfy the demands for higher performance and packing density. The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and has as its object to simplify the arrangement of a logic circuit, suppress an increase in number of elements even if the number of bits of an input signal is increased, suppress an increase in occupied area on an IC chip, and achieve a high packing density and a high operating speed. According to the present invention, there is provided a priority encoder comprising an encoder stage for coding an input consisting of a plurality of bits, selectors, respectively provided for bit input terminals of the encoder stage, for respectively receiving corresponding ones of a plurality of bits of an operand input, each of the selectors including a switch circuit to be controlled by an operand input bit, a carry line connected in series with the switch circuit and connected in series with all of the selectors, a first precharge circuit, connected to a carry line portion on one end side of the switch circuit, for precharging the carry line at a predetermined timing, a first detector which is controlled by an enable signal for designating upper bit priority and detects whether a potential of a carry line portion on an upper bit side of the switch circuit is at a discharge level, a second detector which is controlled by an enable signal for designating lower bit priority and detects whether a carry line portion on a lower bit side of the switch circuit is at a discharge level, and a third detector for detecting whether one of outputs from the first and second detectors and the operand input bit are both in an active state, a second precharge circuit, connected to a portion, of one end portion of the carry line, on an uppermost selector side or a lowermost selector side, to which the first precharge circuit is not connected, for precharging the carry line at a predetermined timing, and two discharge circuits, respectively connected to two ends of the carry line, for selectively discharging the carry line in accordance with an upper bit priority designation mode/lower bit priority designation mode, wherein a potential, of a carry line portion on the upper bit side, input to the first detector of the selector for an MSB, and a potential, of a carry input portion on the lower bit side, input to the second detector of the selector for an LSB are both fixed at the discharge level. This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a view showing a truth table indicating an operation function of an upper bit priority type 8-bit encoder; Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional upper bit priority type 8-bit encoder; Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing a conventional 8-bit encoder capable of switching upper bit priority and lower bit priority schemes; Fig. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the number of bits and the number of elements to be used in systems constituted by conventional static logic circuits; Fig. 5 is a block diagram for explaining an arrangement of a priority encoder according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram showing selectors 10 6 to 10 4 corresponding to 3 bits, which are extracted as examples from the encoder in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a timing chart showing an operation of the encoder in Fig. 5; Figs. 8A to 8C are circuit diagrams each showing a practical example of an encoder stage having no bit priority function in the encoder shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a part of another embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 5 shows an 8-bit priority encoder formed on a semiconductor IC. Referring to Fig. 5, reference numerals 10 7 to 10 0 denote selectors for respectively receiving bits D 7 to D 0 of an 8-bit operand input; and 20, an encoder stage, having no bit priority function, for coding a plurality of bits supplied from the selectors 10 7 to 10 0 . Reference symbols Q C , Q B , and Q A denote 3-bit coded output signals. Each of the selectors 10 7 to 10 0 is constituted by a switch circuit 1, a carry line 2, a first precharge circuit 3, a first detector 4, a second detector 5, and a third detector 6. The switch circuit 1 is controlled by an operand input bit Di (i = 7 to 0). The carry line 2 is connected in series with the switch circuit 1 and is also connected in series with all the selectors 10 7 to 10 0 . The first precharge circuit 3 is connected to a carry line portion connected to one terminal (the lower bit side terminal in this embodiment) of the switch circuit 1. The first precharge circuit 3 precharges the carry line to a power supply potential V CC at a predetermined timing. The first detector 4 is controlled by an enable signal SH for designating upper bit priority. The first detector 4 detects whether the potential of a carry line portion on the upper bit side of the switch circuit 1 is at a discharge level. In this case, the first detector 4 is constituted by a first OR gate 4 for calculating a logical OR between the enable signal SH for designating upper bit priority and the potential of the carry line portion on the upper bit side of the switch circuit 1 which is supplied to OR gate 4 via the precharge connection point "A" labelled in Fig. 5. The second detector 5 is controlled by an enable signal SL for designating lower bit priority. The second detector 5 detects whether the potential of a carry line portion on the lower bit side of the switch circuit 1 is at a discharge level. In this case, the second detector 5 is constituted by a second OR gate 5 for calculating a logical OR between the enable signal SL for designating lower bit priority and the potential of the carry line portion on the lower bit side of the switch circuit 1. The third detector 6 detects whether one of outputs from the first and second detectors 4 and 5 and the operand input bit Di (i = 7 to 0) are both active. The third detector 6 consists of an AND gate 6a and a NOR gate 6b. The AND gate 6a calculates a logical AND between outputs from the first and second OR gates 4 and 5. The NOR gate 6b calculates a logical NOR between an output from the AND gate 6a and the operand input bit Di (i = 7 to 0), and supplies an output Di' (i' = 7 to 0) to a corresponding bit of the encoder stage 20. Note that the potentials of the carry line portions on the upper and lower bit sides are fixed at the discharge level (ground potential V SS ). The enable signals SH and SL for respectively designating upper bit priority and lower bit priority are selectively activated ("L" level in this case) in accordance with an upper bit priority designation mode/lower bit priority designation mode. In addition, a second precharge circuit 11 for precharging the carry line to the power supply voltage V CC at a predetermined timing is connected to a portion, of one end portion of the carry line 2, on the uppermost or lowermost selector side, to which the first precharge circuit 3 is not connected (on the uppermost selector side in this embodiment). Discharge circuits 12a and 12b are connected to the two ends of the carry line 2. The discharge circuits 12a and 12b selectively discharge the carry line 2 to the ground potential V SS in accordance with the upper bit priority designation mode/lower bit priority designation mode. Fig. 6 shows the selectors 10 6 to 10 4 corresponding to 3 bits, extracted from the encoder in Fig. 5 as examples, together with the second precharge circuit 11 and the discharge circuits 12a and 12b. In this case, the first and second precharge circuits 3 and 11 are constituted by p-channel MOS transistors P1 and P2, as practical examples, connected between the power supply potential V CC and the carry line 2. A precharge signal PR (to be set at "L" level in an active state) is supplied to the gates of the MOS transistors P1 and P2. As a practical example of the switch circuit 1, Fig. 6 shows an n-channel MOS transistor N1 having a gate for receiving an operand input bit and connected in series with the carry line 2. An operand input bit is supplied to the gate of the MOS transistor N1. Fig. 6 also shows n-channel MOS transistors N2 and N3 as practical examples of the discharge circuits 12a and 12b, which are connected between the carry line 2 and the ground potential V SS . A first discharge signal PRHL, which is activated ("H" level) in the upper bit priority designation mode, is supplied to the gate of the transistor N2. A second discharge signal PRLH, which is activated ("H" level) in the lower bit priority designation mode, is supplied to the gate of the transistor N3. An operation of the priority encoder will be described below with reference to Fig. 7. In the upper bit priority designation mode, the first discharge signal PRHL is in an active state ("H" level), the n-channel MOS transistor N2 for a discharge operation is ON, the second discharge signal PRLH is in an inactive state ("L" level), and the n-channel MOS transistor N3 for a discharge operation is OFF. The enable signal SH for designating upper bit priority is in an active state ("L" level), and the enable signal SL for designating lower bit priority is in an inactive state ("H" level). Assume that two operand input bits D 5 and D 4 are simultaneously activated ("L" level) at this time. In this case, the n-channel MOS transistor N1, as a switch, of the selector 10 5 is turned off by the operand input bit D 5 closer to the MSB than the operand input bit D 4 . As a result, upper and lower bit side portions of the carry line 2 are electrically disconnected from each other. Subsequently, the precharge signal PR is kept in an active state ("L" level" for a short period of time. In addition, the p-channel MOS transistors P1 and P2 for precharge operations are turned on. At this time, the upper bit side portion of the carry line 2 is kept in a discharge state because the driving power of the n-channel MOS transistor N2 for a discharge operation is set to be larger than that of the p-channel MOS transistor P2 for a precharge operation. The lower bit side portion of the carry line 2 is precharged to the potential V CC by the p-channel MOS transistor P1 for a precharge operation. In the selector 10 5 , therefore, two inputs to the first OR gate 4 are set at "L" level. An output from the first OR gate 4 is set at "L" level. Since the enable signal SL for designating lower bit priority is input to the second OR gate 5, its output is set at "H" level. An output from the AND gate 6a of the selector 10 5 is set at "L" level. An output D 5 from the NOR gate 6b is set at "H" level in accordance with the logical NOR between the "L"-level output from the AND gate 6a and the "L"-level operand input bit D 5 . In contrast to this, in the selectors 10 4 to 10 0 on the lower bit side of the selector 10 5 , an output from the first OR gate 4 is set at "H" level in response to an "H"-level input from the carry line 2, an output from the second OR gate 5 is set at "H" level in response to the "H"-level enable signal SL for designating lower bit priority, an output from the AND gate 6a is set at "H" level, and an output from the NOR gate 6b is set at "L" level. In the selectors 10 7 and 10 6 on the upper bit side of the selector 10 5 , an output from the NOR gate 6b is set at "L" level in response to an "H"-level operand input bit. In other words, according to the above-described operation, the active operand input bits are searched from the MSB. The output from the selector 10 5 , to which the operand input bit D 5 searched out first is input, is set at "H" level so as to indicate that the MSB of the active operand input bits is the bit D 5 . Even if a bit lower than the operand input bit D 5 is in an active state ("L" level), since it is not the MSB of the active operand input bits, it is regarded as an inactive bit ("H" level). Such an operation is equivalent to that a portion indicated by the symbol * (don't care) in the truth table in Fig. 1 is fixed at "1" level. In contrast to the above description, in the lower bit priority designation mode, the second discharge signal PRLH is in an active state ("H" level), the n-channel MOS transistor N3 for a discharge operation is ON, the first discharge signal PRHL is in an inactive state ("L" level), and the n-channel MOS transistor N2 for a discharge operation is OFF. The enable signal SL for designating lower bit priority is in an active state ("L" level), and the enable signal SH for designating upper bit priority is in an inactive state ("H" level). Assume that two operand input bits D 6 and D 5 are simultaneously activated ("L" level) at this time. In this case, the n-channel MOS transistor N1, as a switch, of the selector 10 5 is turned off by the operand input bit D 5 closer to the LSB than the operand input bit D 6 . As a result, lower and upper bit side portions of the carry line 2 are electrically disconnected from each other. Subsequently, the precharge signal PR is kept in an active state ("L" level" for a short period of time. In addition, the p-channel MOS transistors P1 and P2 for precharge operations are turned on. At this time, a portion, of the carry line 2, on the lower bit side of the n-channel MOS transistor N1 of the selector 10 5 is kept in a discharge state because the driving power of the n-channel MOS transistor N3 for a discharge operation is set to be larger than that of the p-channel MOS transistor P1 for a precharge operation. A portion, of the carry line 2, on the upper bit side of the n-channel MOS transistor N1 of the selector 10 5 is precharged to the potential V CC by the p-channel MOS transistor P1 for a precharge operation. In the selector 10 5 , therefore, two inputs to the second OR gate 5 are set at "L" level. An output from the second OR gate 5 is set at "L" level. Since the enable signal SH for designating upper bit priority is input to the first OR gate 4, its output is set at "H" level. An output from the AND gate 6a of the selector 10 5 is set at "L" level. An output D 5 , from the NOR gate 6b is set at "H" level in accordance with the logical NOR between the "L"-level output from the AND gate 6a and the "L"-level operand input bit D 5 . In contrast to this, in the selectors 10 7 and 10 6 on the upper bit side of the selector 10 5 , an output from the second OR gate 5 is set at "H" level in response to an "H"-level input from the carry line 2, an output from the first OR gate 5 is set at "H" level in response to the "H"-level enable signal SH for designating upper bit priority, an output from the AND gate 6a is set at "H" level, and an output from the NOR gate 6b is set at "L" level. In the selectors 10 4 to 10 0 on the lower bit side of the selector 10 5 , an output from the NOR gate 6b is set at "L" level in response to an "H"-level operand input bit. In other words, according to the above-described operation, the active operand input bits are searched from the LSB. The output from the selector 10 5 , to which the operand input bit D 5 searched out first is input, is set at "H" level so as to indicate that the LSB of the active operand input bits is the bit D 5 . Even if a bit upper than the operand input bit D 5 is in an active state ("L" level), since it is not the LSB of the active operand input bits, it is regarded as an inactive bit ("H" level). Figs. 8A, 8B, and 8C show different practical examples of the encoder stage 20 having no bit priority function. Fig. 8A shows an encoder stage having a CMOS static logic arrangement. Referring to Fig. 8A, reference numerals 41 to 43 denote NOR gates; and 44 to 46, inverters. Fig. 8B shows an encoder stage having a dynamic logic arrangement. N-channel MOS transistors N precharged by p-channel MOS transistors are wired OR, and wired-OR outputs are input to inverters 47. Fig. 8C shows another encoder stage having a dynamic logic arrangement. N-channel MOS transistors N precharged by p-channel MOS transistors P are wired OR, and wired-OR outputs are input to inverters 47. The sources of the wired-OR-connected n-channel MOS transistors N are connected to an n-channel MOS transistor Nd for a discharge operation. In the above embodiment, "L" level of an operand input bit is set to be significant. However, as in another embodiment shown in Fig. 9, either "H" level or "L" level of an operand input bit may be set to be significant by arranging a detection level selecting circuit 51 i (i = 7 to 0) on the operand bit input side of each selector 10 i (i = 7 to 0) so as to selectively detect "H" level or "L" level of an operand input bit Di (i = 7 to 0) and to output it to the selector side. More specifically, the detection level selecting circuit 51 i comprises: a first NAND gate 52 for calculating a logical NAND between a detection level select signal LS and the operand input bit Di ; an OR gate 53 for calculating a logical OR between the detection level select signal LS and the operand input bit Di; and a second NAND gate 54 for calculating a logical NAND between outputs from the first NAND gate 52 and the OR gate 53, and outputting it to the selector side. When the detection level select signal LS is at "H" level, the detection level selecting circuit 51 i detects "L" level of an operand input bit and outputs it to the selector side. When the detection level select signal LS is at "L" level, the circuit 51 i detects "H" level of an operand input bit and outputs it to the selector side. Note that the same reference numerals in Fig. 9 denote the same parts as in the above-described embodiment. As has been described above, according to the priority encoder of the present invention, since the circuit arrangement is simplified by employing a dynamic circuit arrangement, an excessive increase in hardware can be prevented even if the number of bits of an input signal is increased. In addition, since an increase in occupied area on an IC chip can be suppressed, a high packing density can be achieved. In this case, with a simple circuit arrangement, the upper and lower bit priority schemes can be selectively designated by using enable signals for respectively designating upper bit priority and lower bit priority. Furthermore, since switch elements for searching active bits of an input signal are connected in series with a common carry line, a delay time from the input signal to the encoder stage is shortened. Therefore, a high-speed encoder can be realized. Moreover, since an increase in hardware is substantially proportional to an increase in number of bits of an input signal, a pattern size can be easily estimated in the design of a priority encoder in accordance with the number of bits.

Claims: A priority encoder having a bit priority function for coding an input data word comprising: an encoder (20) having no bit priority function for coding an input consisting of a first plurality of bits into an output word having a second plurality of bits; characterized by a plurality of selectors (10 0 to 10 7 ), respectively connected to the bit input terminals of said encoder (20), and respectively receiving corresponding bits of said input data word; a carry line (2) made of a plurality of carry line portions, each of said selectors (10 0 to 10 7 ) including a switch circuit (1) controlled by the respective data input bit, and connected through a respective one of said carry line portions to the switch circuit (1) of the adjacent selector, so that all carry line portions of all selectors (10 0 to 10 7 ) are connected in series making said carry line (2); a first precharge circuit (3), connected to the carry line portion on one end side of said switch circuit (1), for precharging said carry line (2) at a predetermined timing; a first detector (4) which is controlled by a first enable signal designating upper bit priority, said first detector detecting whether the potential of the carry line portion on an upper bit side of said switch circuit (1) is at a discharge level; a second detector (5) which is controlled by a second enable signal for designating lower bit priority, and detects whether a carry line portion on a lower bit side of said switch circuit (1) is at a discharge level; and a third detector (6) for detecting whether one of the outputs from said first and second detectors and the input data bit are both in an active state in order to provide one of said first plurality of bits of said input to said encoder (20); a second precharge circuit (11), connected to the carry line portion located at one end of said carry line (2), either on the uppermost selector side or the lowermost selector side, which is not connected to said first precharge circuit (3), for precharging this carry line portion at a predetermined timing; and two discharge circuits (12a, 12b), respectively connected to one end of said carry line (2), for selectively discharging said carry line (2) in accordance with an upper bit priority designation mode/lower bit priority designation mode signal, wherein either a potential of the carry line portion on the upper bit side, input to said first detector (4) of said selector, or a potential of the carry line portion on the lower bit side, input to said second detector (5) of said selector, is fixed at the discharge level in accordance with said upper bit priority designation mode/lower bit priority designation mode signal. A priority encoder according to claim 1, characterized in that said first and second precharge circuits (3, 11) are constituted by P-channel MOS transistors (P 1 , P 2 ) connected between a power supply potential and said carry line (2), said switch circuit (1) is constituted by an N-channel MOS transistor (N 1 ) having a gate for receiving the respective data input bit and connected in series with said carry line (2), and said discharge circuits (12a, 12b) are constituted by N-channel MOS transistors (N 2 , N 3 ) connected between said carry line (2) and a ground potential. A priority encoder according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a detection level selecting circuit for selectively detecting "H"-level or "L"-level of the data input bit and outputting the selected level to each of said selectors is arranged on the data bit input side of each of said selectors.

Inventors: NAKATA SHIGEHARU, SHIBA MASUE, NAKATA, SHIGEHARU, SHIBA, MASUE, NAKATA, SHIGEHARU, C/O INTELL.PROPERTY DIV., SHIBA, MASUE, C/O INTELL.PROPERTY DIV.
Applicants: TOSHIBA KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G06F7
IPC codes: G06F7, H03M7