Electronic component packaging assembly

Abstract: A electronic component packaging assembly with high thermal transfer rates includes a molded plastic cover 100 that receives spring washers 106, ceramic pads 108, resistive elements 110 or other electronic components, and a ceramic base 116. The spring washers press the electronic elements against the ceramic base ensuring good thermal transfer. The ceramic base provides effective thermal transfer from the packaging assembly to adjacent heat exchange surfaces and electrical isolation for the device providing a high degree of safety. When NiChrome resistive elements are used, the packaging assembly has the ability to dissipate high peak power surges without degradation and without unwanted heat buildup.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to electronic component packaging, and more particularly, to the packaging of electronic components where thermal transfer is important. Background of the Invention Resistors have long been packaged individually with each resistive element enclosed in protective covering. The heat generated by such a resistor must be dissipated by the surrounding air requiring a steady air flow through the unit. High power applications may generate more heat than an air cooled system can handle. Conduction cooled resistors are used in high peak power applications. These resistors, such as the Dale resistors manufactured by the Dale Corporation, generate substantial heat and are surrounded by a conduction cooled jacket that removes the heat generated by the resistors. However, Dale resistors for handling the large peak power demands of certain applications would be abnormally large and would require an inordinate amount of space in the unit. A third packaging solution has been to mount resistors on a porcelain-on-aluminum base for improved thermal transfer to a heat exchanger. The package is conduction cooled by mounting it on a heat exchange surface, e.g., a water cooled surface. The base is made from a relatively thick piece of aluminum (providing thermal transfer) onto which a thin layer of porcelain is deposited to provide electrical insulation. Resistive elements are held in place, for example, by spun ceramic spacers in an attempt to provide tight thermal contact between the resistive elements and the base. An example of such a packaging is given in GB-A-2 190 795. The above structure is subject to certain limitations, however. The porcelain layer is not highly thermally conductive, limiting the heat transfer from the resistive elements to the aluminum base. The spun ceramic spacers, while providing some pressure to maintain the resistive element and base contact, do not ensure that constant pressure is maintained. Finally, the thin porcelain layer is subject to cracking and fracturing which can lead to failure. Cracking of the porcelain layer exposes the conductive aluminum base to electrical contact with the resistive elements and can lead to failure of the component. A packaging scheme is needed that provides high thermal transfer and ensures that the components maintain tight thermal contact with the package. Disclosure of the Invention Accordingly, the invention provides an electronic component package assembly comprising: a base, said base being an electrical insulator and a thermal conductor; an electrical component; a cover adapted for assembly with said base to contain said electronic component therein; and resilient compression means for pressing said electrical component into contact with said base, said compression means being placed between said cover and said electrical component and acting to compress said component when said base and said cover are assembled. The electronic component packaging assembly of the present invention has high thermal transfer ability, an ability to dissipate high peak power surges without degradation, ease of assembly, and a low package base failure rate. The thick thermally conductive base is also electrically insulating. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical component is a resistor capable of dissipating high current without failure. The compression means comprises: spring means for maintaining compression and electrical insulating means for electrically isolating said spring means from said electronic component. The cover is provided with recesses for receiving the electronic components and the springs for pressing these components into tight thermal contact with the base. The cover slides into place on mating rails in the base thereby maintaining the necessary compressive forces. The base is a ceramic material, preferably aluminium oxide. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is an exploded view showing the component parts of a packaging assembly according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the assembled packaging component of Figure 1. Description of the Preferred Embodiment The preferred embodiment will be described with reference to the figures in which like components are identically numbered. While the preferred embodiment addresses resistor components, the electronic packaging scheme disclosed herein is equally applicable to any electronic components that require high thermal transfer during operation. Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of a resistor package according to the present invention. The view is shown with the cover on the bottom reflecting the order of assembly of the components. Cover 100 is made from molded plastic and contains recesses 102 for receiving the electrical component subassemblies. Cover 100 is made of molded plastic using known techniques. Slots are provided at each end of cover 100 for receiving a base plate 116. Slot 104 is an example of the slot formation. The use of slots allows components to be assembled and the base held in position pending final fastening of the package to a heat exchanger. Spring washers, such as that shown at 106, are placed in recess 102 and serve to provide compression pressure to press the electronic component against thermally conductive base 116. The spring washers of the preferred embodiment are bent metal washers similar to the type used in bearings. Spring washers can be any type of commercially available spring washer selected to fit into the recess. The springs hold the electronic elements in tight thermal contact with the base without laterally captivating the elements. The compression is created when the cover is assembled with the base. Slots 104 hold the base tightly against the cover causing the springs to compress the electronic components against base 116. The components are free to expand laterally as temperatures increase thereby reducing the component failure rate. Insulating pads 108 are provided to evenly distribute the pressure from spring washers 106 across the surface of the electronic component. These insulating pads, in the preferred embodiment, are made from STEATITE, a commercially available ceramic material. In the preferred embodiment, STEATITE is employed providing electrical insulation and low thermal transfer. Thermal transfer to the cover is undesirable because it would lead to increased levels of heat within the device. Resistive elements such as that shown at 110, are provided for power dissipation. In the preferred embodiment, an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy is employed. A nickel-chromium alloy (NiChrome) can be used in this application with similar results. Chromium alloys are employed for their ability to withstand high peak power in the device. The preferred embodiment includes three resistive elements, 110, 112 and 114, providing conditioning for three phase AC power input. The present invention, however, is not limited to packaging exactly three components, and is generally applicable to a single or any number of components. Base 116 is made of aluminum oxide (alumina), a ceramic that is an electrical insulator and good thermal conductor. The preferred embodiment uses a base plate which is 96 percent alumina, though any composition in the 94-100 percent range would be equally effective. Other thermally conductive ceramic materials could be employed, such as aluminum nitride or beryllium oxide. The base is formed with rails 118 and 120 that slide into slots 104 on base 100. Two holes 122 are formed in the base plate to receive fasteners (not shown) that fasten the base plate to the cover and are used to mount the package on a heat transfer unit. Fig. 2 is a top view showing the entire assembly 200. The terminals of the resistors 110, 112, and 114 protrude through the package and provide positive and negative contact pairs 201 202, 203 204, and 205 206. In operation, the component package assembly 200 is mounted on a water cooled surface providing conduction heat transfer through the base and away from the assembly. The assembly of the preferred embodiment is capable of dissipating 150 watts (50 watts per element) while maintaining an element tab temperature of less than 100 degrees C while mounted on a 40 degree C water cooled plate. The design, however, will support significantly higher heat dissipation requirements. The mounting of the base on a water cooled surface of the preferred embodiment is not meant to limit the application of this device. The heat transfer capability of the system could be employed with other types of liquid cooled or air cooled apparatus. The use of a thick electrically insulating ceramic base also increases the safety factor of the devices by maintaining sufficient clearance between the primary power source and ground. Everything except the electronic component and springs is non-conductive.

Claims: An electronic component package assembly comprising: a base (116), said base being an electrical insulator and a thermal conductor; an electrical component (110); a cover (100) adapted for assembly with said base to contain said electronic component therein; and resilient compression means (106) for pressing said electrical component into contact with said base, said compression means being placed between said cover and said electrical component and acting to compress said component when said base and said cover are assembled. The assembly of Claim 1 wherein said electrical component is a resistor capable of dissipating high current without failure. The assembly of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said base is a ceramic material. The assembly of Claim 3 wherein said base is made from aluminium oxide. The assembly of any preceding Claim wherein said cover has a recess to receive said electrical component, and said compression means is located in said recess between the cover and the electrical component. The assembly of any preceding Claim wherein said compression means comprises: spring means (106) for maintaining compression and electrical insulating means (108) for electrically isolating said spring means from said electronic component. The assembly of any preceding Claim wherein said electrical component has a plurality of electrical contacts (201), and said cover has apertures through which said contacts extend.

Inventors: GORDON JAMES CARLTON, LOVGREN ERIC PAUL, MEYER HERMAN PAUL, REARICK DONALD PAUL, GORDON, JAMES CARLTON, LOVGREN, ERIC PAUL, MEYER, HERMAN PAUL, REARICK, DONALD PAUL
Applicants: IBM, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H01C1
IPC codes: H01C1