A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

Abstract: The subject application invention relates to a monoclonal antibody, referred to as K1, and to uses thereof. In particular, the K1 monoclonal antibody can be used as a therapeutic targeting agent in the treatment and diagnosis of several forms of cancer.

Description: A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The subject invention relates to a monoclonal antibody, referred to as Kl, and uses thereof. In particular, the Kl monoclonal antibody can be used in the treatment and diagnosis of several forms of cancer. Background Information Current therapies for metastatic human cancers, such as radiation or chemotherapy, center on agents that selectively kill rapidly growing cancer cells. Unfortunately, many tumors do not show an unusually fast growth rate compared to important normal tissues, such as bone marrow or the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. An alternative group of therapeutic approaches targets unique chemical structures on the surface of tumor cells for therapy, most often employing antibodies that bind selectively to these target molecules. One of these therapeutic approaches employs antibodies that are coupled to cell- killing agents, such as plant or bacterial toxins. These antibody-toxin complexes, or immunotoxins, have been shown to be capable of selectively killing tumor cells in model tumor systems in tissue culture and in laboratory animals (Pastan et al.. Cell 47:641-648 (1986)) . In spite of many attempts to isolate such tumor-specific antibodies for human therapy, there are still very few antibodies identified that selectively bind only to tumor cells and not to other important normal tissues. Isolation of such tumor-specific antibodies is, therefore, of importance for the application of such immuno-directed therapies. Monoclonal antibody methodology as originally described by Kohler and Milstein (Nature 156:495-497 (1975) and disclosed in Koprowski et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,124) has allowed the isolation of antibodies in pure form for the construction of therapeutic agents. However, two problems have prevented the application of many previously isolated antibodies. First, many monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor cells also react with important normal human tissues. Secondly, many of the isolated antibodies bind to surface elements that do not efficiently mediate the entry of toxin conjugates into cells by endocytosis. The present invention relates to a monoclonal antibody, Kl, that selectively binds to some human tumors, but not to many important normal tissues. This antibody, when incorporated as the targeting element of an immunotoxin, also has been shown to allow efficient entry of these toxic agents into cells. An antibody reactive with an antigen shed into the plasma of patients with ovarian cancer has previously been isolated. This antibody, OC125, reactive with this shed antigen, CA125, has been employed in diagnosis of primary and recurrent ovarian cancer (Bast et al., J. Clin. Invest. 68: 1331 (1981)). However, evidence indicates that the Kl monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope on the cell surface which is entirely different from the one recognized by OC125. Furthermore the antigen which reacts with Kl is not shed into plasma of patients with ovarian cancer. The lack of shedding into plasma makes Kl a much better candidate antibody for im unotherapy, since it would not be neutralized by circulating antigen immediately upon injection into the blood stream. All U.S. patents and publications referred to herein are hereby incorporated by reference. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The subject invention relates to a monoclonal antibody, referred to as Kl, and to the uses thereof. In particular, the antibody can be used as a therapeutic targeting agent in the treatment and diagnosis of several forms of cancers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hybridoma which produces a monoclonal antibody specific for a cell surface antigen wherein said antigen is characterized by expression on normal primate tissue, malignant human cultured cell lines and human tumor, and is not shed into culture media or plasma. The hybridoma cell line has the accession number ATCC HB 10570 deposited October 10, 1990. The invention particularly relates to the monoclonal antibody itself which is specific for a cell surface antigen having the above properties, and which is produced by the hybridoma. The monoclonal antibody is of the IgG class. The human cultured cell line referred to above is selected from the group consisting of, for example, OVCAR-2, OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, 1847, HTB77, HeLa S3, KB, AGS and HTB103. The normal primate tissue which expresses the antigen is, for example, mesothelium. The human tumor is derived from, for example, an ovarian carcinoma, an esophageal carcinoma or a cervical carcinoma. The present invention also includes a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need of said treatment an amount of a conjugate of the monoclonal antibody sufficient to effect said treatment. The type of cancer treated may be, for example, ovarian cancer. The antibody is conjugated with, for example, a toxin, radionuclide, or chemotherapeutic agent. The antibody may also be modified to mediate cell killing. Moreover, the present invention also includes a method of diagnosing cancer in a patient comprising administering to said patient an amount of the monoclonal antibody sufficient to effect said diagnosis. The monoclonal antibody may be radioactively labelled. The diagnosis may be made by visualizing the presence of the radiolabel. The present invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising the monoclonal antibody in a concentration sufficient to inhibit tumor growth, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Furthermore, the invention also includes a method of diagnosing cancer in a patient comprising the steps of removing a tissue or fluid sample from said patient; adding the monoclonal antibody to said sample; and visualizing the presence of the antibody in said sample. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 represents the results of a radiqlabeled antibody assay of serum samples from patients with ovarian cancer. Kl or OC125 was attached to microtiter wells, and samples of patient sera or culture supernatant were added using a procedure similar to that shown in Table VIII. The wells were then incubated with either iodinated radioactive Kl in wells pre-treated with Kl (Kl system) or radioactive OC125 in wells pre-treated with 0cl25 unlabeled antibody (OC125 system) . Analogous to Table VIII, supernatant from OVCAR-3 cultures (concentrate diluted 1:3, value divided by 2) showed binding of OC125 detected by labeled OC125 antibody. In contrast, such supernatants incubated with bound Kl, then detected with iodinated Kl antibody, show no detectable signal. A CA125 purified antigen standard sample shows reaction with the OC125 system, but not with the Kl system. Samples of patient sera show variable levels of signal with the OC125 system, but no signa, with the Kl system. The Kl system detects a weak signal in the trypsinate of OVCAR-3 cells, where the OC125 antigen is destroyed by trypsin treatment, and shows no signal with the OC125 system. An aliquot of both labeled antibodies shows levels of radioactivity sufficient to allow adequate sensitivity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION One manner of generating the Kl monoclonal antibody of the present invention involves immunizing a mouse, for example, with periodate-treated human ovarian carcinoma cells, and then isolating the spleen cells of the mouse which are reactive with the immunizing ovarian cancer cells. Such reactive spleen cells are then fused with AG8 mouse myeloma cells in order to create hybridomas or clones. Clones are then selected based on their ability to react with the immunizing cells. A secondary screening procedure can then be undertaken in which the clones are exposed to ovarian tumors and normal tissues. In the present case, the clones should be highly reactive with the carcinomas and non-reactive with normal human tissues. Antibody may then be obtained from the clones by ascites production in mice or by harvesting culture supernatants of the clones. The antibody may then be purified. In order to determine the potential usefulness of the antibody, with respect to cancer treatment and diagnosis, one must establish the location(s) and distribution of the epitope which reacts with the antibody. Normal human tissues and tumors as well as normal Cynomologous monkey tissues can be utilized for this purpose. The distribution of reactivity or location of the epitope which is reactive with the Kl antibody is shown in Table I below. In particular. Table I establishes that the Kl-reactive epitope is present in the serosa in the mesothelial cells of the peritoneum, pericardium and pleura, as well as in a limited distribution in the tracheal epithelium, tonsillar epithelium and epithelium of the Fallopian tube. TABLE I Immunσhistochemical Localization of K1 and OC125 in Normal Human and Monkey Tissues Hormal Human Tissues __1 OC125 Liver (-X3/3) (-)(3/3) Kidney (-X3/3) (-)(3/3) Cardiac Muscle <-)(6/6)(++ pericardium) (-)(6/6)(++ pericardium) Lung .-)<1/1)(++ pleural mesothelium (-)(1/1)<++ pl.mesothelium(+ ap. bronchi) Cerebral Cortex C-X1/1) C-X1/1) Cerebellum (-H2/2) (-)(1/D Spinal cord (-X2/2) (<-, except ?het minor cell pop.)(2/2) Pituitary (-X1/1) (-X1/1) Bone Marrow (-X1/1) (-)(1/1) Adrenal (-X1/1) (-)(1/1) Spleen (-X1/1) nd Lymph Node (-X1/1) (-)(1/D Skin (-) < 2.5 /tg/ml (2/2) (-X2/2) Skeletal (-X1/1) (-X1/1) Peripheral Nerve (-X1/1) (-)C1/1) Tonsil (++ het epith.) (2/2) (++ het epith.) (2/2) Esophagus (-X2/2) <-)(1/1) Small Bowel C-epith){3/3)(++ serosa) (-epϊth)(4/4)(++ serosa)(2/2) Stomach (-)(2/2) (-X1/1) Normal Colon (-)(2/2) (-)(1/D Bladder C-X3/3) (-X3/3) Pancreas (-X2/2) (-)(2/2)(het + acini)(1/1) Salivary Gland C-)(1/1) (het + acini)(1/1);(++ het ducts)(1/2) Mammary Gland C-)(1/D (-)(1/1) Fallopian Tube C++ epithXl/1) (++ epith)(1/1) Epididymis (-X1/1) nd Thyroid (-X2/2) (-X2/2) Parathyroid C-X1/1) (-X1/1) Ovary (++ serosa I epith)(2/2) (-,het + serosal epith)(2/2) Testis (-)(1/lX-tunica) (-Xexcept occ + cells in tunιca)(1/1) Prostate (-X2/2) (-)(2/2> Uterus (-endom.)(1) (++ apic.eπdom.)(1/1);(++serosa)(2/2) Trachea (++basal epith.)(1/1) (++ apical epith.)C1/1) Gall Bladder <-)(1/1) (-)(1/1) TABLE I (continued) Normal Cynomologous Monkey Tissues Kl OC125 Liver -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Kidney -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Heart -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Brain -)(2/2) (-X2/2) Spinal Cord -X1/1) (-X1/1) Lymph Node -)(1/1) (-)(1/1) Skel. Muscle -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Peripheral Nerve -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Esophagus -)(1/1) (-X1/1) Small Bowel -X2/2X++ serosa) (-)(2/2)(++ serosa) Stomach -;++ serosa)(2/2) (-;except ++ serosa)(2/2) Colon -)(1/1)(++ serosa) (-;except ++ serosa)(1/1) Bladder -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Pancreas -)(2/2) (-X1/2X+ ducts)(1/2) Salivary Gland -X2/2) (-)(3/3) Mammary Gland -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Vaginal Glands -X1/1) (-)(1/1) Thyroid -)(1/1) (-X1/1) Parathyroid -)(V1) (-)(1/1) Ovary ;++ serosa)(1/1) (++ serosaXVD Cervix apical gland epith)(1/1) (-•"•-apical gland epith)(2/2) Uterus + apical endom.;++serosa)(1/1) (++βpical endom.;++ serosa)(1/1) Thy us )(1/1) (-X1/1) Trachea ++ basal epith.,--glands) (++ apical epfth;++ het glandsXVI) Tongue X1/1) (-)(1/1) In order to obtain these results, irπnunohistochemical analysis was performed on cryostat sections of fresh-frozen tissues, post-fixed in acetone and incubated with primary antibodies at 10 μg/ml except where indicated. Labeling was then performed using affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, developed using diaminobenzidine, then treated with hematoxylin followed by osmium tetroxide. (- = no localization; + = moderate; ++ strong)(x/y = X examples of this pattern seen in Y samples testedXhet = heterogeneous) The reactivity of Kl can also be compared with that of OC125, a previously described antibody (Bast et al., J. Clin. Invest. 68:1331 (1981)). In monkey trachea, for example, the Kl antibody reacts more selectively, than 0C125, with the basal less- differentiated epithelial cells. Other differences between the two antibodies can also be observed with respect to the bronchi and endometrium. It should also be noted that Kl reacts strongly with mesotheliu . The presence of antigen epitopes, reactive with Kl or OC125, implies that when these antibodies are used in immunotherapy, these normal tissue sites might be at risk. However, the apical location of such reactive sites in intact epithelia suggests that these sites would not be as accessible to the blood stream which indirectly bathes the basal surfaces of these same cells, as compared to tumor sites. The differential with Kl versus OC125 also suggests a large chemical difference in the nature of the epitopes, and perhaps molecular species, reactive with these antibodies. In order to further determine the characteristics of the Kl monoclonal antibody and therefore determine its potential usefulness as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent, different cancer cell lines may be examined for reactivity with Kl. (see Table II below.) For example, it has been established that various cell lines derived from ovarian, cervical and gastric tumors express the Kl epitope. These cell lines include, for example, OVCAR-2, OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, 1847, HTB77, HeLa S3, KB, AGs and HTB103 (i.e., Kato III) .However, some of these cells lines (for example, 1847, AGS, Kato III) do not react with OC125. The reaction of Kl with some cells that do not express the OC125 antigen, and the expression of the 0C125 antigen on some cells that do not express the Kl antigen, suggest that the two antigens may represent completely different molecules, in addition to representing different epitopes. The existence of cell lines showing homogeneous reaction with Kl suggests that some tumors in vivo may also show a homogeneous reaction with this antibody. A homogeneous reaction with all cells in a tumor would be a great advantage for the success of immunotherapy that could kill every cell in a tumor, rather than just a subpopulation of tumor cells. TABLE II I munofluorescence Localization of K1 and OC125 on Human Cultured Cell Lines Cell line K1 OC125 AGS (CRL 1739)(gastric Ca) HTB103 (Kato III)(gastric Ca) FEMX (melanoma) HT-29 (colon Ca) A431 (epidermoid Ca) <5X> HTB20 (breast Ca) MOA-MB-468 (breast Ca) MCF-7 (breast Ca) +++(<1%) DU145 (prostate Ca) ++ het Het = heterogeneous; (-) = negative; (+ = weakly positive; ++ . moderate; +++ = strong; ++++ = very strong). Tumors can also be examined for the expression of Kl and 0C125 reactivity and thus for the presence of antigens and more specifically, epitopes which react with these two antibodies. (See Tables III and IV below.) Kl reacts, for example, with many ovarian cancers and several other cancers such as carcinomas of the esophagus and cervix. Thus, these results also indicate that Kl and OC125 recognize epitopes that are expressed in different cells and at different levels in various tumors; thus, the two epitopes recognized by these antibodies are probably not the same. TABLE III Reactivity of Hunan Tumors with K1 and OC125 bers of Tumors That Show Localization of Either C In some tumors, a single pattern was seen in >95X of cells but, because of the limited preservation in cryostat sections, it was not possible to rule out a small X of cells that might show a different intensity. TABLE IV Comparison of Percentage and Intensity of Reactive Cells in Individual Tumors for Kl and OC125 Approx. Percentage of Cells in Each Intensity Category OC125 Reactivity Tumor No. Type Ovarian Carcinomas 1 Ser. Cystad. Ca 2 Ser. Cystad. Ca 3 Ser. Cystad. Ca 4 Ser. Cystad. Ca 5 Ser. Cystad. Ca 6 Ser. Cystad. Ca 7 Ser. Cystad. Ca 8 Ser. Cystad. Ca 9 Ser. Cystad. Ca 10 Het. to Lymph Node 11 Ser. Cystad. Ca 12 Ser. Cystad. Ca Esophageal Carcinomas 13 Squamous Ca 100 14 Squamous Ca 100 15 Squamous Ca 100 16 Squamous Ca 10 85 17 Squamous Ca 100 18 Squamous Ca 100 19 Squamous Ca >95 20 Squamous Ca 100 21 Squamous Ca >95 22 Squamous Ca 100 In some tumors, a single pattern was seen in >95X of cells but, because of the limited preservation in cryostat sections, it was not possible to rule out a small X of cells that might show a different intensity. Furthermore, as manifested by the results using immunofluorescence shown in Table V below, the Kl and OC125-reactive epitopes do not cross-compete for reactivity to the "other" antibody. Additionally, as shown in Tables VI and VII (below) , the two antibodies do not cross-compete for binding to cells. These results clearly indicate that Kl and OC125 recognize entirely different epitopes. TABLE V Immunofluorescence Detection of Competition of Binding between K1 and OC125 Living OVCAR-3 cells were incubated at 4*C with rhodamine-labeled direct conjugates of K1 or OC125 antibody at 10 μg/ml alone, or following pre-incubat on for 45 min. as co-incubation with unlabeled K1 or OC125 antibodies at 25 μg/ml. TABLE VI Radiolabeled Antibody Competition crotiter Plate Assa on Cells OVCAR-3 cells attached to microtiter plates were incubated witb-or without various concentrations of competitor antibodies, then incubated with I-labeledK1 antibody, washed and counted. Note that K1 antibody competes for I-K1binding, whereas OC125 antibody does not. TABLE VII ELISA Assay of Compet tion of Live Cell Binding Between K1 and OC125 X of Competitor Added Inhibi ion Label Competitor (ug/ml) of Binding K1-PE K1 0 0 0.003 20 0.01 48 0.1 64 1.0 83 10.0 98 20.0 100 K1-PE OC125 0 1.0 0 10.0 0 20.0 0 OVCAR-3 cells in microtiter plates were incubated with various concentrations of competitor unlabeled antibodies, then K1 antibody covalently coupled to PE (Pseudomonas exotoxin) was added. After washing, the PE hapten was detected using rabbit anti-PE antibody followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The plate was then developed using ABTS substrate solution, and the optical density was calculated as a percentage of inhibition of maximum binding per well. Note that K1 competes for binding of K1-PE to cells, whereas OC125 does not. Moreover, unlike 0C125, Kl does not react well with the antigen shed into the medium of ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cultured cells (Table VIII below. Fig. 1) . Thus, the Kl-reactive antigen does not appear to be shed into the culture medium of OVCAR-3 cells. Similar results were found in assays of samples of sera from patients with ovarian cancer (Figure 1) . Thus, these results imply that Kl-reactive antigen is not shed from ovarian cancer cells, and makes Kl a much better candidate antibody for use in immunotherapy than OC125. Also, it should be noted that purified CA125 antigen does not react with Kl. CA125 is the standard antigen which reacts with OC125. TABLE VIII Radiolabled Antibody Assay of Culture Supernatant Unlabeled antibody (either K1 or OC125) was attached to microtiter wells. Independent ELISA assays using anti-mouse IgG - peroxidase confirmed that the same amounts of the two antibodies were attached to the wells. OVCAR-3 culture supernatant was then added at various dilutions to these wells, incubated, washed and then I-labeledOC125 antibody was added, incubated and washed. The radioactivity in each well was then measured. Note that (CA125) antigen in the culture supernatant binds to the OC125 antibody on the plate, and this is detected with the radiolabled OC125 antibody, whereas K1 antibody attached to the plate does not bind any antigen from the supernatant that can be detected by subsequent incubation with labeled OC125. In addition, quantative enzyme-linked (ELISA) immunosorbent assays of Kl and OC125 binding to OVCAR-3 cells, attached to microtiter plates, show that the addition of Kl and OC125 together produce a signal greater than the value of either antibody alone over a wide concentration range (1-50 μg/ml) (Table IX below) . This fact suggests that the epitopes are sufficiently physically separated enough such that both epitopes can be independently occupied simultaneously. TABLE IX ELISA Assay of Additive Binding of Both K1 and OC125 OPTICAL DENSITY/WELL X 10 2 Concentration of Observed Observed Observed Predicted Antibodies (μg/ml) K1 Alone OC125 Alone K1 + OC125 If Additive OVCAR-3 cells ere planted in microtiter wells, then incubated with either K1, OC125, or a combination of both at the same individual antibody concentrations shown. The amount of mouse antibody bound to cells was then determined by incubating with goat anti-mouse IgG- peroxidase, and the peroxidase was detected using ABTS substrate. The optical densities shown were measured at 405 nm and were adjusted to the linear range of detection for this system. Note that the quantitative amount of antibody bound per cell is consistent with values expected if both antibodies bind to completely physically separate sites. Thus, the results of Tables V-IX indicate that Kl reacts with an epitope completely different and physically separate from the OC125 epitope. Furthermore, the differences in the reactive antigen between Kl and OC125 indicate that, in spite of the similarity in their expression in normal tissues and some tumors, the two antigens may represent two entirely different molecules which would have different utility in immunotherapy. CA125, by its property of being shed into the sera of patients, is useful for serum diagnostic purposes, but this same property makes it less useful for immunotherapy because of the neutralization of therapeutic antibody conjugates by this circulating antigen. Kl, therefore, represents a much better candidate for immunotherapy because its reactive antigen remains associated with the tumor cell, and allows targeting to the living cell that could mediate selective cell killing by an immunotoxin. If the two antigens are located on completely different molecules, then Kl may be more amenable to the isolation of the gene responsible for antigen expression, yielding a new set of potentially useful reagents. Previous attempts at isolation of the gene for the CA125 antigen have been unsuccessful, possibly because the antigenic epitope reactive with OC125 antibody has a large amount of carbohydrate as part of its structure. Such carbohydrate additions would be missing in bacterial systems that would have to be used to isolate the gene responsible for CA125 expression. The gene responsible for Kl antigen may not require additional carbohydrate or other post-translational modifications missing in bacterial expression systems and, thus, Kl antibody may be useful for the isolation of the structural gene for the Kl-reactive antigen. Expression of such a gene could allow the preparation of pure antigen, the isolation of second generation monoclonal antibodies to different epitopes on the antigen molecule, and the availability of reagents for genetic screening for this antigen gene in the different tumor samples. Other results examining the properties of the Kl epitope have shown that it can be removed from cells by trypsin treatment. Periodate treatment of cells reduces reactivity with OC125, but slightly increases reactivity with Kl. Protein immunoblots of cell extracts, OVCAR culture supernatants and purified CA125 antigen show a high molecular weight (>200 kDaltons) smear on SDS-gel blots that reacts with OC125, but this same region shows no reaction with Kl. Thus, it is not yet clear what the exact chemical nature of the Kl antigen is. However, the chemical nature or structure of the Kl antigen is clearly different from CA125. In view of the above discussion, it is clear that Kl will be useful in the treatment and diagnosis of several types of cancer. The Kl monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope expressed on the surface of a significant number of common human ovarian, cervical and esophageal tumors, for example. Furthermore, the only significant normal tissue reactivity of this antibody appears to be with the mesothelium of the serosal surfaces of the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium. This suggests that toxic side-effects of immunotherapy using Kl may be relatively minor. Furthermore, these sites can be evaluated in pre- clinical testing because of the cross-reactivity of this antibody with normal monkey tissues. More specifically, Kl can be used as a targeting mechanism for directed cancer therapy in the construction of immunotherapeutic agents including, but not limited to, conjugates of Kl with toxins, radionuclides, or chemotherapeutic drugs. Genetic manipulations of the antibody structure can also be undertaken including changing the constant regions of the antibody to human or other species constant regions. Thus, the immunotherapeutic conjugates could therefore contain either the natural form of the antibody or the genetically altered form thereof. Additionally, fusion proteins can be developed utilizing cloned variable region genes for the Kl antibody. Substitution of human IgG constant regions in the Kl mouse antibody gene, for example, would create a human-mouse chimeric antibody that would be. more useful in mediating antibody-directed cell killing in human patients with an intact immune system, a potentially less toxic form of immunotherapy when compared with i munotoxins. Fusion proteins produced in bacterial systems would be much less expensive to manufacture in large amounts. Kl may also be used as a targeting mechanism for immunodiagnostiσ assays such as imaging of tumor masses using radioactive imaging techniques. In addition, the expression of the antigen reactive with Kl might prove useful as a diagnostic tool in immunohistopathology for the diagnosis of tumor origins and tissue distributions of metastases. More specifically, immunohistochemical pathologic diagnosis may be made in or using tissue sections (e.g., biopsies) or cytological preparations (e.g.. Pap smears, ovarian cancer effusions, etc.). Other diagnostic uses might include locating tumors using radioactive labeling of Kl antibody on a macroscopic scale at the time of surgical exploration. The present invention can be illustrated by the use of the following non-limiting examples. EXAMPLE I Production of the Kl Antibody The human tumor cell lines OVCAR-2, 3, 4, and 5, KB, AGS, MCF-7, HT-29, MDA-MB-469, DU145, HTB20, and HTB33 have been previously described (Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection Catalog Of Cell Lines and Hybridomas. 6th Ed. (1988)). Mice were tolerized to normal human kidney membranes (Matthew et al. , J. Immunol. Methods. 100:73-82 (1987)). They were then immunized with OVCAR-3 cells (Willingham et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:2474-78 (1987)). However, the cultured cells were treated with periodate. This periodate treatment was performed to link anti-mouse IgG to the surface of these cells in a strategy to improve targeting of immunizing antigens to mouse antibody-bearing lymphocytes. Spleens from immunized mice were removed and the suspended spleen cells were selected for reactivity to OVCAR-3 cells prior to fusion by a panning method. The selected spleen cells were fused with AG8 mouse myeloma cells, and the resulting clones were screened two weeks later employing the ScreenFast (Life Technologies, Ind. , Gaithersburg, MD) large scale screening chamber using rhodamine indirect immunofluorescence on living OVCAR-3 cells. Selected clones were secondarily screened using peroxidase immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections of human tumors and normal tissues, one clone, Kl, was selected that reacted with ovarian cystadenocarcinomas and did not react with normal liver, kidney, colon, small bowel, bone marrow, cerebellum, lung, heart or cerebral cortex. This clone was originally an IgM antibody clone, that was converted to an IgG variant following subcloning using a panning-isotype switching method (Chang et al. (in preparation)). After re-cloning, the resultant isotype of the Kl hybridoma was determined to be mouse IgG lk . Antibody was produced from the IgG clone using either ascites production in mice or harvests of culture supernatants, and purified using a protein A FPLC affinity column. EXAMPLE II Use of Peroxidase Immunohistochemistry To Demonstrate The Distribution Of The Epitope Reactive With The Kl Antibody Samples of fresh-frozen human and Cynomologous monkey normal tissues, as well as human tumor samples, were cryostat sectioned, mounted on glass coverslips and processed for peroxidase immunohistochemistry as previously described (Willingham, FOCUS 12:62-67 (1990) ) using Kl as the primary antibody. The localization of reactive antigen in various tissues was detected using the peroxidase substrate reaction with diaminobenzidine. This example demonstrated the localization of reactive antigen in the lining mesothelium of the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium in both human and monkey tissues. Reactive antigen was also found in lesser amounts in the epithelia of the trachea, tonsil and Fallopian tube. In human tumor samples, reaction with Kl was found in tumors derived from ovary, esophagus, and cervix and to a lesser extent in tumors derived from breast and colon. EXAMPLE III Examination of Different Cancer Cell Lines For Reactivity With the Kl Antibody Using Immunofluorescence Living human cultured tumor cell lines were washed free of culture medium and incubated at 4'C with monoclonal antibody Kl (lμg/ml) in buffered saline. After washing, the bound antibody was detected by incubating cells in rhodamine-conjuga ed goat anti- mouse IgG antibody, then fixed in formaldehyde and viewed using an epifluorescence microscope as previously described (Willingham, FOCUS 12:62-67 (1990)). Cells showing strong reactivity with Kl antibody included, for example, KB, HeLa S3, OVCAR-3, AGS, Kato III, and 1847 cells. EXAMPLE IV Direct Competitior ssays For Kl Epitope Reactivity Living OVCAR-3 cells were incubated at 4'C with rhodamine-labeled direct conjugates of antibody Kl or antibody OC125 (10 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of excess unlabeled competitor Kl or 0C125 antibody (25 μg/ml) , having preincubated the same cells with the same unlabeled competitor antibody prior to this incubation. After this step, the cells were washed, fixed in formaldehyde and viewed using epifluorescence microscopy. Kl-rhodamine showed strong labeling in the absence of competitor antibody or in the presence of OC125 as a competitor, but no labeling when Kl was used as a competitor. Conversely, OC125 showed strong labeling in the absence of competitor or in the presence of excess Kl competitor antibody, but no labeling when 0C125 was used as a competitor. This result indicates one example of the lack of cross- reactivity between the OC125 and Kl epitopes. 23/1 Inttrnational Application No: PCT/ Farm r rm ntΛ (January tttf)

Claims: 24 CLAIMS : 1. A hybridoma which produces a monoclonal antibody specific for a cell surface antigen wherein said antigen is characterized by expression on normal primate tissue, malignant human cultured cell lines, and human tumors, and is not shed into culture media or plasma. 2. A monoclonal antibody specific for a cell surface antigen wherein said antigen is characterized by expression on normal primate tissue, malignant human cultured cell lines, and human tumors, is not shed into culture media or plasma, and wherein said monoclonal antibody is of the class IgG. 3. The hybridoma of claim 1 wherein the malignant human cultured cell line is selected from the group consisting of OVCAR-2, OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, 1847, HTB77, HeLa S3, KB, AGS and HTB103. 4. The monoclonal antibody of claim 2 wherein the malignant human cultured cell line is selected from the group consisting of OVCAR-2, OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, 1847, HTB77, HeLa S3, KB, AGS and HTB103. 5. The hybridoma of claim 1 wherein said human tumor is derived from an ovarian carcinoma, an esophageal carcinoma or a cervical carcinoma. 6. The monoclonal antibody of claim 2 wherein said human tumor is derived from an ovarian carcinoma, an esophageal carcinoma or a cervical carcinoma. 7. The hybridoma of claim 1 wherein said normal primate tissue is mesothelium. 8. The monoclonal antibody of claim 2 wherein said normal primate tissue is mesothelium. 25 9. A hybridoma cell line of the accession number ATCC HB 10570. 10. A monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma of claim 1. 11. The monoclonal antibody of claim 2 wherein said antibody is Kl. 12. Use of a conjugate of the monoclonal antibody of claim 2 for the treatment of cancer. 13. Use according to claim 12 wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer. 14. Use according to claim 12 wherein the antibody is conjugated with a toxin, radionuclide, or chemotherapeutic agent. 15. Use according to claim 12 wherein the antibody is modified to mediate cell killing. 16. Use of the monoclonal antibody of claim 2 for the diagnosis of cancer. 17. Use according to claim 16 wherein the monoclonal antibody is radioactively labelled. 18. Use according to claim 16 wherein said diagnosis is made by visualizing the presence of the radiolabel. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the monoclonal antibody of claim 2 in a concentration sufficient to inhibit tumor growth, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 20. Use of the monoclonal antibody of claim 2 for the diagnosis of cancer wherein a tissue or fluid sample is removed from a patient the monoclonal antibody of claim 2 is added to said sample, and the presence of the antibody in said sample is visualized.

Inventors: CHANG KAI, PASTAN IRA H, WILLINGHAM MARK C, CHANG, KAI, PASTAN, IRA, H., WILLINGHAM, MARK, C.
Applicants: US HEALTH, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY TH
Application year: 1991
Main classification: C12P
IPC codes: A61K38, A61K39, A61K47, A61K51, A61P35, C07K16, C12N5, C12N15, C12P21, C12R1, G01N33