Wavelength converter

Abstract: An apparatus and method of manufacturing a wavelength converter (4) of an optical fiber type, having a core (41) and a clad (42) covering the core (41). At least one of the core (41) and clad (42) is made of a nonlinear optical material such that copious amounts of second harmonic light are emitted form a light emitting end face of the optical fiber. Grooves and/or flanges (7) are formed in or on the clad (42) or a transparent layer covering the clad. The transparent layer also covers the light emitting end face of the optical fiber. A collimating surface is formed on the transparent layer at the light emitting end face for collimating the second harmonic light emitted. Various molds are used to form different collimating surfaces, grooves, and flanges in and on the transparent layer.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wavelength converter which generates from an incident laser light beam a second harmonic of the laser light beam, and is easily positioned within a light source device and/or outputs the second harmonic laser light as parallel rays. Description of the Related Art Second harmonics of laser light occur in a medium due to the nonlinear optical effect. This phenomenon causes the generation of second harmonics when the polarization of laser light incident on a medium is proportional to the second and higher degrees of the electric field of the incident laser light. Materials in which the nonlinear optical effect occurs are called nonlinear optical materials. The inorganic materials KH₂PO₄ and LiNbO₃ are currently used nonlinear optical materials. Organic material 2-methyl-4-nitrileanilin (MNA) has attracted some attention as a nonlinear optical material because it has a superb nonlinear optical constant. Typical wavelength converter confine the fundamental component (i.e. incident laser light) using high energy density nonlinear optical materials, wherein the interaction of the harmonic components and the fundamental components is elongated. For this reason, an optical wave guide type of wavelength converter is used. This type of wavelength converter has a narrow wave guide, within which light propagates, formed on a substrate; and the wave guide and substrate are covered with an overlayer. In order to produce copious amounts of second harmonic light, the optical wave guide must accept a phase propagating velocity of the second harmonic. In other words, the fundamental component must phase match the second harmonic component. The simplest method known for obtaining this phase match is based on Cerenkov radiation. The Cerenkov method of phase matching follows. Shown in FIGURE 1 (PRIOR ART), a second harmonic light is generated from light propagating through an optical guide portion 121 at point A. The second harmonic light propagates at and angle α, with respect to the optical axis of the optical guide portion 121, towards a substrate 122 and an overlayer 123. After a predetermined time period, the second harmonic light is generated at point B as generated at point A. If the equiphase plane of the second harmonic light generated at point A is coincident with that of the second harmonic light generated at point B, then the second harmonic light is emitted. The emission of the second harmonic light is in the direction of angle α. If the following relation holds: n S (2w) > n G (w) > n S (w), where, n S (w) is the refractive index of the substrate 122 for the fundamental component, n G (w) is the refractive index of the wave guide portion 121, and n S (2w) is the refractive index of the substrate 122 for the second harmonic component; phase matching occurs. In an optical wave guide type of wavelength converter as described above, the flux of light rays propagating through the wave guide is accurately shaped in cross section; however, condensation of the emitted light rays is poor. In other words, the emitted light rays cannot be condensed into a small spot. Therefore, it is difficult to utilize the second harmonic light for writing data into and reading data out of an optical recording medium, such as an optical disk. It has been demonstrated that an optical fiber type of wavelength converter as shown in FIGURE 2 can realize a high density recording in an optical disk. Wavelength converter 130 of the optical fiber type includes a core 131 and a clad 132 having refractive indices satisfying equation (1). The second harmonic light 133 emitted from the end face expands in the form of a rotational symmetric ring. Accordingly, this type of wavelength converter has an excellent condensing characteristic. To condense the emitted light rays of a wavelength converter of the optical fiber type, it is necessary to collimate (make parallel) the emitted light rays. Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication Nos. Hei. 1-287531, 1-293325, 2-35423, 2-153328, and 2-186327 disclose techniques to collimate emitted light rays. In Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Hei. 1-287531, there is disclosed a light source device in which a circular cone prism, used as a collimating lens, collimates second harmonic light emitted from a wavelength converter of the optical fiber type. Shown in FIGURE 3, is the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Hei. 2-153328 for collimating emitted light rays using a Fresnel lens 151. The Fresnel lens 151 incorporates a concentric circular diffraction grating directed towards the light emitting end face 150a of wavelength converter 150. Once the emitted light rays have been collimated the light rays can be easily condensed. In both devices described above, it is difficult to position the wavelength converter within a light source device due to the small size (1 to 2 µm) of the wavelength converter. The devices also have the disadvantage that it is difficult to properly align the optical axis of the wavelength converter with the axis of rotational symmetry of the collimating lens. Furthermore, difficulty arises in the correct adjustment of the distance between the light emitting end face of the wavelength converter and the collimating lens; exact positioning is quite complicated. The device disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. Hei. 1-293325 is shown in FIGURE 4. As shown, the light emitting end face of the optical fiber 141 is machined to a circular slanting surface 141a for collimating emitted second harmonic light. This device has the drawback that the light emitting end face must be accurately machined. Often in machining, the light emitting end face is broken or scarred; thus reducing the amount of second harmonic light emitted. On the other hand, US-A-4830447 provides on the edge faces of an optical fiber type wavelength converter device, a shielding layer in the form of a cap-like structure . The cap-like structure is fitted and secured to the edge face and can be utilized as a device holding means to avoid any scratching of the cladding when the device is being mounted. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to simplify the positioning, alignment and construction problems of conventional wavelength converter of the optical fiber type. The objectives of the present invention are achieved by providing a wavelength converter of the optical fiber type comprising the features set out in claim 1. An alternative wavelength converter comprises the features set out in claim 2. The optical fiber core and/or cladding is made of nonlinear optical material such that copious amounts of second harmonic light are emitted. According to a first embodiment of the invention, a ring-shaped groove is formed circumferentially in the clad. According to the second embodiment of the invention, a pair of transverse opposed grooves are positioned and formed in the cladding. Other objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURE 1 is a diagram for explaining the prior art phase matching method based on Cerenkov radiation. FIGURE 2 is a diagram showing the shape of light rays emitted from a prior art wavelength converter of the optical fiber type. FIGURE 3 is a sectional view of a prior art device for collimating light rays emitted from a wavelength converter of the optical fiber type shown in FIGURE 2. FIGURE 4 is a sectional view of a prior art device of a wavelength converter of the optical fiber type which emits collimated light rays. FIGURE 5 is a sectional view of a wavelength converter for helping explain the present invention. FIGURE 6 is a schematic diagram showing a light source device using the wavelength converter of FIGURE 5. FIGURE 7 is a perspective view showing the construction of a holder for holding the wavelength converter of FIGURE 5. FIGURE 8 is a schematic diagram showing another light source device in which an additional structure is used for positioning the wavelength converter of FIGURE 5. FIGURES 9 and 10 are sectional views showing a wavelength converter according to the two embodiments of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following description relating to Figures 5 to 8 is for the purpose of explaining the construction of a light source assembly including a wavelength converter device which is to be positioned accurately therein. FIGURE 6 is a schematic diagram showing a light source device using a wavelength converter. Laser light rays emitted from a laser light source 1, such as a semiconductor laser, are collimated by a spherical lens 2. The collimated laser light rays are condensed by a spherical condenser lens 3, and incident on a wavelength converter 4. The laser light source 1, spherical lens 2, spherical lens 3, and the wavelength converter 4 are positioned at and fixed to holders 51, 52, 53, and 54 integral with a base 50 by means of an adhesive. Wavelength converter 4 being positioned orthogonal to its optical axis 10 as shown. Shown in FIGURE 5 is a wavelength converter 4 of the optical fiber type. The wavelength converter includes a core 41, a clad 42, and a flange 7 around the circumferential outer surface of clad 42. The core 41 and/or clad 42 are made of nonlinear optical material, such as MNA (2-methyl-4-nitrileanilin). The flange 7 is made of high polymer, transparent material, such as diglycoldiallyylcarbonate, polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polymicrohexyl methacrylate. FIGURE 7 is a perspective view showing the construction of the holder 54 to which wavelength converter 4 is fixed. The upper surface 55 of the holder 54 is V shaped, simplifying the positioning of wavelength converter 4 orthogonal to its optical axis 10. A groove 56 formed in the upper surface has width W2 slightly wider than width W1 of flange 7 for receiving flange 7. Thus wavelength converter 4 mounts on holder 54 with flange 7 received in groove 56. The holder 54 is located such that when wavelength converter 4 is attached, the incident end face 4a is at or near the focal point of the laser beams emitted from the spherical lens 3. Therefore, wavelength converter 4 can be roughly positioned by merely fitting the flange 7 of the wavelength converter 4 into the groove 56. Thereafter, the wavelength converter 4 is finely positioned by being displaced along the optical axis 10, within the range of clearance between the flange 7 and the groove 56. The accuracy of the positioning being in the order of a submicron. After the positioning operation, the wavelength converter 4 is fixed to the holder 54 by adhesive. Accordingly, the positioning work of the wavelength converter 4 is remarkably improved, and can be completed in a short time. Fine positioning work of the wavelength converter 4 may also be made using a holder 57, which is separated from the base 50, as shown in FIGURE 8. In this case, the wavelength converter 4 is bonded to the holder 57 as described above. A concavity 59 formed in the bottom surface of the holder 57 is applied to a positioning protrusion 58 of the base 50. The holder 57 is properly displaced along the optical axis 10 of the wavelength converter 4 within the range of a clearance between the protrusion 58 and the concavity 59. At the completion of the fine positioning work, the holder 57 is bonded to the base 50. FIGURE 9 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a ring-shaped groove 61, for positioning purposes, is formed on the circumferential surface of the clad 42 by a suitable grinding means, such as a diamond grindstone. A protrusion fitting into the groove 61 is formed on a holder of the wavelength converter (not shown). The groove 61 like flange 7 allows the wavelength converter to be positioned quickly and easily. According to a second embodiment of the present invention. Paired grooves 62, formed by cutting out the wavelength converter 4 as shown in FIGURE 10, may be used in place of the ring-shaped groove 61. While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: A wavelength converter (4) of an optical fiber type comprising: a core (41); and a cladding (42) covering said core, at least one of said core and cladding being made of nonlinear optical material, said cladding having a groove (61) formed circumferentially therein. A wavelength converter (4) of an optical fiber type comprising: a core (41); and a cladding (42) covering said core, at least one of said core and cladding being made of a nonlinear optical material, said cladding having a pair of transverse opposed grooves (62) positioned and formed in said cladding.

Inventors: UEMIYA TAKAFUMI, UENISHI NAOTA, UEMIYA, TAKAFUMI, UENISHI, NAOTA, UEMIYA, TAKAFUMI, C/O OSAKA WORKS OF SUMITOMO, UENISHI, NAOTA, C/O OSAKA WORKS OF SUMITOMO
Applicants: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: G02B6, G02F1