FLOW CONTROLLERS FOR FLUID INFUSION SETS

Abstract: An in-line fluid flow controller (5) for use with a fluid administration set (1) for infusion of fluid into the body of a patient, the administration set comprising a reservoir of fluid connected to a supply line (2) having a discharge orifice; characterised in that the fluid flow controller comprises a housing (11) having a chamber therein, an inlet (13) to and an outlet (14) from said chamber, said housing being adapted to receive therewithin at least one flow restrictor (12) each having an orifice (18) or orifices configured to control the rate of fluid flow therethrough and into the body of a patient such that the fluid is infused into a patient at a predetermined constant flow rate or at a flow rate within predetermined limits via said discharge orifice.

Description: FLOW CONTROLLERS FOR FLUID INFUSION SETS The present invention relates to flow controllers for administration sets for the purpose of delivering fluids into the human body. Infusing fluids into the human body is done for a variety of medical reasons and there have been many administration sets which have been developed for this purpose. It is presently well known to provide for liquid infusion into a living body by providing a container, acting as a reservoir for holding liquid to be infused and which is connected to the body via a conduit in which pressure supplying the fluid is created by either a gravitational pressure head or by pressure generation means. In these systems there are two main factors controlling the actual infusion rate of the liquid to be infused into a patient. The first is the height that the liquid container is held relative to the outlet and the second factor is the degree of back pressure which is experienced as the liquid enters the patient. It is a disadvantage in such a simple arrangement that the back pressure can provide significant changes in flow rate and this can be altered almost casually without intention by the patient perhaps rolling over in bed or simply changing to a more comfortable position. Furthermore, it is necessary on many occasions to keep the flow rate of the liquid within selected limits and this becomes either very difficult or impossible with the simple gravitationally actuated device of the type discussed. Thus, in the past it has been very difficult to provide a fluid for infusion into a body at a constant flow rate and to ensure that a selected quantity of the fluid is infused into the body at any given time and with a high degree of accuracy and without the unwanted effects of back pressure. The present invention seeks to improve administration sets used for the purpose of infusing fluids into the human body by providing a flow controller which is adapted to be used as an attachment to the administration set or alternatively to be integral with an administration set. The present invention therefore comprises: a fluid flow controller for insertion in a selected position in a fluid flow line of an administration set. More particularly,- the invention resides in a flow controller adapted for detachable or fixed attachment to an administration set, said flow controller essentially comprising; a housing having a chamber inside which a flow restrictor fits and which is adapted to enable attachment to the administration set or to be integral therewith, wherein when fluid flows through said administration set to a patient via said flow controller said flow restrictor thereby restricts the flow of fluid to the extent that the fluid discharged into the body of said patient takes place at a constant rate irrespective of blood viscosity or fluid or body temperature. The present invention seeks to provide a convenient form of providing a controlled flow in an administration set and like infusion apparatuses and to overcome the problem of fluid impedence which changes significantly with change of temperature especially over the conventional range of temperatures in which administration sets of the type to which the present invention is ideally adapted is used. As fluids have different viscosities fluid flow rate changes of up to 8% can be caused by this difference alone. In these circumstances and according to the prior art methodology, it becomes necessary for manual intervention in the infusion process to compensate for changes in flow rate and this provides problems when it is necessary to deliver constant flow. Such manual intervention needs to be initiated in association with sophisticated electronic controls or by an arrangement by which constant manual supervision is necessary to keep the flow rate within adequate limits. It is necessary therefore to provide a simple and SUBSTITUTE SHEET economic means of providing a constant flow rate when infusing fluids into a patient given a substantially constant pressure drop for a given temperature change. Use of the present invention avoids the problem of manual intervention to ensure that a constant flow rate of the infusing liquid takes place. In its broadest form, the present invention comprises: an in line fluid flow controller for use with a fluid administration set for infusion of fluid into the body of a patient, the administration set comprising essentially a reservoir of fluid connected to a supply line having a fluid discharge orifice; characterised in that the fluid flow controller comprises; a housing having a chamber therein, an inlet to and outlet from said chamber, said housing being adapted to receive - ■ -* therewithin at least one restrictor having an orifice or orifices configured to control the rate of fluid flow therethrough and into the body of a patient such that the fluid is infused into a patient at a predetermined constant flow rate or at a flow rate within predetermined 20 limits via said discharge orifice. In an alternative form, the present invention comprises: a fluid flow controller for inclusion in a fluid flow line of an administration set for infusing fluids into the body of a patient, said fluid flow controller comprising a 25 housing adapted to accommodate therein at least one restrictor, said housing comprising an inlet and an outlet which are associated with a priming chamber. In the preferred embodiment, the flow controller comprises a resiliently deformable housing which 30 facilitates evacuation of the supply line or transmission of a fluid there along to prime the supply line either upstream or downstream of said at least one restrictor. In a further embodiment the fluid flow controller is adapted for detachable attachment to the fluid supply line 35 of an administration set or alternatively, fabricated integral with the fluid supply line of an administration set. The present invention will now be described in more detail and with reference to preferred but non limiting embodiments wherein: Figure 1: shows a schematic layout of a typical administration set with the fluid flow controller inserted in a pre-selected position in the fluid supply line, Figure 2: shows an isometric view of one preferred embodiment of the flow controller adapted for detachable attachment to the fluid supply line, Figure 3: shows an exploded side view of the flow controller shown in figure 2. Figure 4: shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the flow controller of figure 2 showing the -restrictor plate spanning the flow chamber, Figure 5: shows a flow controller according to an alternative embodiment wherein the flow chamber is eccentric to the axial alignment of the inlet and outlet to the flow controller. Figures 6a, b and c show views of another embodiment of a flow controller adapted for insertion in a fluid supply line of an administration set as -shown in figure 1. Figure 7: shows an elevational view of a longitudinal cross-section of a flow controller with a filter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8: shows a long sectional view of a multiple flow controller with multiple restrictor plates each with one orifice. Figure 9: shows a plan view of a rotatable member of a flow controller according to a preferred embodiment with passages adapted to align with the holes in the circular restrictor plate of figure 10. Figure 10 shows a cross section through the member of figure 9. Figure 11: shows a long sectional view of a multiple flow controller according to one embodiment of the invention having a single plate with multiple orifices. Figure 12: shows a plan view of a circular restrictor plate with radially disposed holes. Figure 13: shows a plan view of drainage passages overlaid by the restrictor plate of figure 12. Figure 14: shows an elevational view of an adjustable multi-flow controller according to one embodiment. Figure 15: shows an elevational view of an adjustable multi flow controller according to an alternative embodiment. Referring to figure 1 there is shown an administration set 1 comprising a fluid supply line 2 which runs between a fluid reservoir end 3 and a fluid discharge end 4. Intermediate the said reservoir end 3 and end 4 is a flow controller 5 which may be inserted in the fluid supply line as an attachment to the administration set 1 or alternatively, as an item integral with the supply line 2. In addition, the fluid supply line 2 is adapted with a valve 6, a plastics slide clamp 7, a flash ball 8, a luer connector 9 and a tip protector 10 to form one possible configuration of administration set. Although the embodiment shown has a number of features in the fluid supply line, in its simpliest form, an administration set may simply have a reservoir, a fluid flow line and a flow controller upstream of an outlet. Figure 2 shows the flow controller according to one preferred embodiment of the invention. The flow controller in figure 2 comprises a housing 11, which is adapted to house a restrictor 12 (see figure 3), an inlet 13 and an outlet 14. Preferably the housing 11 is comprised of a resiliently deformable but elastic material which enables the priming of the fluid flow line or urging of fluid along said flow line or releasing air from the flow line. Figure 3 shows the flow controller of figure 2 from various views including a cross sectional exploded view. From figure 3 it can be seen that the housing 11 is comprised of symmetrical components 16 and 17. These are separable and provide a means for enabling insertion of the restrictor 12 therein. When components 16 and 17 are in apposition, a chamber 15 is formed and this becomes the priming chamber in this embodiment. As can be seen from figure 3, the inlet and outlet 13 and 14 are in alignment with each other and also in ' axial alignment with the priming chamber 15. The restrictor in this embodiment is shown as a single plate with a single orifice. figure 4 shows an assembled view of the flow controller with the components 16 and 17 of the housing 11 brought into apposition. In doing this they secure the restrictor or orifice plate 12 such that a barrier is presented substantially normally to the axis of the fluid flow line which is in turn axially aligned to ends 13 and 14 of the housing 11. The orifice is adapted with a geometrically designed hole 18 which can be seen in figure 4 and this has been made the subject of a co-pending patent application by the present applicant. In this configuration with the flow controller attached to the fluid supply line, the housing 11 receives fluid via inlet 13 axially along the passage 19 and into the chamber 15. The geometry of the hole 18 enables the fluid to be delivered at a constant flow along passage 20 and via outlet 14 into the body of a patient. The housing 11 can either be detachably affixed to the fluid supply line or moulded integral with the fluid supply line such that the inlet 13 is to be regarded as of indefinite length; so to the outlet 14. It should be noted that the shape and configuration of the housing as illustrated in figures 2 to 4 shows merely one embodiment of many different embodiments of a detachable or fixedly attached fluid flow controller for use with an administration set in a fluid supply line. Referring to figure 5 there is shown a further embodiment of a flow controller 21. This particular embodiment of flow controller also adapted for detachable or fixed attachment to an administration set supply line comprises a housing 22 comprising an inlet 23 an outlet 24 and a priming chamber 25. The housing also comprises means to enable the adaption of a restrictor plate 26 and also the insertion of a hydrophyllic filter 27 therein for the purpose of filtering the fluids which flow therethrough. It is to be noted that in this embodiment the priming chamber is eccentric or substantially normal to the axial alignment of the inlet 23 and outlet 24. Figure 6a shows from one view a further embodiment of a flow controller 28 having an axially aligned inlet and outlet 29 and 30 respectively, in addition to a priming chamber 31 to form a flow controller housing 32. The housing is adapted to receive a restrictor plate 23 for insertion in such a way that it is used in conjunction with a top seal 34 and a side seal 35. In this embodiment the housing is also adapted with a hydrophyllic filter 36 at the inlet 29 for the purpose of filtering the fluid which flows therethrough prior to passing through the restrictor 33. Figure 6c shows an alternative configuration of the housing shown in figure 6b, this time with a reduced priming chamber 37 and a reconfiguration of the sealing and restriction in the upper portion 38 of the housing 39 which is formed by components 37 and 38. Figure 70 shows an alternative embodiment of the flow controller showing an inlet passage 41 entering a housing 42 also connected to an exit passage 43. The housing 42 has therein a chamber 44, having located therein a hydrophyllic filter 45, a hydrophobic filter 46 and an orifice plate 47. The hydrophobic filter comprises a hydrophobic mesh material which allows air to escape to the atmosphere but prevents the fluid from exiting. in order to prime the flow controller in figure 7, pressure is exerted in a direction lateral to the axial direction of the inlet and outlet tubes. The consequent - 8 - displacement of the air draws fluid into the chamber 44 to prime the flow controller prior to use. The orifice plate stays relatively still and the sealing spigot moves away from the plate when the controller is squeezed. This occurs with the assistance of webs. The above described embodiments are examples of a number of different embodiments which can be used in the present application in order to achieve a constant flow rate in a given administration set. The critical features of the present invention reside in the existence of a housing having an inlet and an outlet with a chamber therein being adapted to accommodate at least one restrictor for the purpose of delivering via the outlet a constant flow rate of infusing fluid. In attaching the fluid flow controller to the administration set, it is envisaged that the connection can be done in any one of the number of different ways including conventional means for fitting tubing together. This would include sleeve fitting, flange mating, slot fitting, clamp fitting. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, it is envisaged that the administration set may be adapted so as to deliver a predetermined liquid flow rate via a series of flow controllers linked either in series or in parallel. It is also to be understood that the present invention is not to be restricted to the delivery of fluids for administration into the human body but can also be used for delivery of fluids in a variety of different applications where fluid is to be delivered at a constant flow rate independent of temperature. It will be appreciated that the present invention as broadly described herein can be varied somewhat to include a variety of different embodiments including alteration of the location of each flow controller along the supply line of aβ administration set, altering the configuration of the housing, altering the configuration of the chamber within which the restrictor fits, altering the relative position of the restrictor in relation to the outlet and inlet of the flow control housing and providing the flow control housing as a one piece or multiple piece unit either pre-assembled or adapted for assembly at site. Ideally, each flow control chamber would be adapted with a hydrophyllic filter in order to ensure the purity of the liquid being delivered into the body of the patient when it is used in a medical application. In one embodiment of the present invention the invention comprises an administration set with the flow controller adapted integrally therewith. In this type of embodiment and indeed in the embodiment whereby the flow controller can be detachably affixed to the fluid supply line of an administration set the fluid supply line is also adapted with a valve which enables by-pass of fluid or release of air from the fluid supply line for the purpose of priming prior to use. Figure 8 shows a long sectional view of a multi-flow controller 48 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. The control as shown in figure 8 is adapted with a series of passages 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53. The passages are linked with a series of orifice plates 54, 55, 56, 57 and 58 respectively. The orifice plates are held in position by means of wedge 59 which is adapted with a series of passages 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64 which are aligned with holes in the orifice plates and with the corresponding passages 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53. In use, fluid passes through the orifices in the array of restrictor plates 54, 55, 56, 57 and 58 upon selection of flow rate by rotatable member 65. Figure 9 shows a side elevational view of the rotatable member 65. This member is adapted to rotate in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction according to a selected fluid flow requirement. The rotatable member 65 is adapted with a passage 66 and grooves 67 and 68. When fluid flow is to be selected, the rotatable member 65 is rotated according to one selection such that the passage 66, as shown in figure 10 presents to passage 49 where a single flow is required. Where a combination of flows are required through more than one restrictor plate, the passage 66 is presented to one of passages 50, 51, 52 or 53. When any one of these passages are selected, fluid then flows through passage 66, and depending upon the presentation of the grooves 67 and 68 relative'to the passages 49 to 53, fluid will flow in addition to flow through passage 66 through grooves 67 and 68. Using this method a number of different combinations of flows can be achieved depending upon which of passages 49 to 53, passage 66 of the rotatable member 65 is presented to. Figure 11 shows a similar configuration of an exploded multiple flow controller this time however a single orifice plate 69 is used with a series of apertures of the same or different diameters. These apertures 70, 71, 72 and 73 are presented to passages 74, 75, 76, 77 and 78. Wedge,79 is used to locate the plate in position and also to provide upstream passages for fluid to present to the apertures according to selection requirements. In a similar manner to that described for the flow controller of figure 8, rotatable member 80 operates by rotation in either an anti clockwise or clockwise direction to select fluid flow. As with the controller of figure 8, a single flow or multiple flows can be chosen according to the manner in which the passage (not shown) in rotatable member 80 which corresponds to the passage 66 of rotatable member 65 presents to either one of passages 74, 75, 76, 77 and 78. Figure 12 shows an alternative embodiment of a restrictor plate 81 having radially disposed holes 82, which are located on that plate according to flow requirements. The restrictor plate 81 is superimposed over the rotatable drainage facilitator 83 shown in figure 13 such that when a flow selection is made, one or more of the holes 82 present to drainage passage array 84 in the rotatable member 83. Figure 14 shows an elevational view of the external - 11 - design of a multi-flow controller showing an external flow selector handle 85 with selection gradations 86. Figure 15 shows an alternative embodiment of the flow controller 87 having a rotatable flow selector 88. The flow controller 87 has an inlet 89 and an outlet (not shown) 5 which engage, with a suppXy line in a typical administration set. Ideally flows of 0.5 litres per day, 1 litre per day, 2 litres per day or 3 litres per day are selected either singly or in combination. It will be recognised that the 10 flow characteristic through the orifices in the restrictor plate or plates is dictated by the geometry of the hole. The subject of the hole geometry has been made the subject of other patent applications by the applicant. It will be recognised that it is possible to make a 15 number of different variations to the various embodiments of the present invention described including increasing the size of the orifices in the restrictor plates, increasing the spacing between orifices, increasing the number of separate restrictor plates and consequently the 20 number of flow through passages, increasing the number of combinations of a flow rate selection by increasing the number of free passages. Preferably, the hole sizes of the restrictor plates fall within the range 50 microns to 100 microns. It will also be appreciated that the present 5 invention can be utilised with gravity feed, administration sets or administration sets which deliver fluid under pressure by for example elastomeric pressure pumps. Furthermore, the flow controllers can be inserted virtually anywhere in the length of the supply tubes 30 associated with the administration set. It is optional whether a filter is used and where in the administration set the filter would be located. Preferably the filter is located in the flow controller however, it is quite feasible to locate the filter above the flow controller. 35 Where fluid under pressure is utilised in an administration set, ideally the pressure would operate at approximately 10 psi but could be anywhere from 1 psi to 20 psi. As indicated, the use of filters is optional however, when a filter is used in a pressurised system, the reducing effect that the filter has on the pressure must be considered in pressure selection. According to prior art methodology, flow restriction had previously been achieved according to one embodiment by use of a small bore glass tube. It is considered that the present invention can be used as a substitute for and improvement on this method. The flow controller of the present invention in all of its embodiments is useful in any application where a restriction of flow is required in an infusion system, either operated by gravity or under pressure generated by elastomeric or other conventional means. It will be recognised by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the overall spirit and scope of the invention as broadly described herein.

Claims: The claims : 1. An in line fluid flow controller for use with a fluid administration set for infusion of fluid into the body of a patient, the administration set comprising; essentially a reservoir of fluid connected to a supply line having a discharge orifice; characterised in that the fluid flow controller comprises; a housing having a chamber therein, an inlet to and an outlet from said chamber, said housing being adapted to receive therewithin at least one flow restrictor each having an orifice or orifices configured to control the rate of fluid flow therethrough and into the body of a patient such that the fluid is infused into a patient at a predetermined constant flow rate or at a flow rate within predetermined limits via said discharge orifice. 2. An in line fluid flow controller for use with administration sets apparatuses for infusing fluids into the body of a patient, said fluid flow controller comprising a housing having an inlet and outlet and a space therein adapted to receive a restrictor having an orifice or orifices therein to control the rate of fluid flow therethrough so that fluid is infused at a predetermined rate. 3. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the said housing is adapted for detachable or fixed attachment to the supply line of an administration set. 4. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 3 wherein the said housing is resiliently deformable to enable evacuation of or priming of the supply line of the administration set. 5. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 4 wherein the controller is adapted to allow a fixed single flow rate or pre-selected multiple flow rates through the restrictor. 6. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 5 wherein each of said restrictors comprise a plate having at least one orifice therein. 7. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 6 wherein in the case of a fixed single flow rate the restrictor plate has one orifice for the passage of fluid. 8. A fluid flow controller according to claim 6 wherein in the case of pre-selection of multiple flow rates the plate has more than one orifice with individual constant flows passing therethrough according to selection by a flow rate selection means. 9. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 8 wherein the restrictor plate is substantially rectangular and has a plurality of spaced apart holes which are in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the said plate. 10. An in line flow controller according to claim 8 wherein the restrictor plate is substantially circular and has one or a plurality of orifices each radially disposed at predetermined points around the plate. 11. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 10 wherein the said holes are of like or different diameter and are spaced at like or different intervals. 12. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 11 wherein the restrictor plate is adapted with ribs or the like acting as crush seals between the holes to ensure that a predetermined flow rate from each hole is maintained until said flow rate selection means mixes the flows downstream of said hole or holes. 13. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 12 wherein the said flow rate selection means comprises a moveable member with at least one through passage adapted to selectively locate so that the said passage and at least one of the holes in said restrictor plate are in alignment so as to allow fluid to exit said housing according to a predetermined flow rate dictated by said hole. 14. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 13 wherein the said moveable member is rotatable such that selection of the flow rate is made by the degree of arcuate displacement of the rotatable member. 15. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 14 wherein the rotatable member has in addition to said at least one through passage an associated groove which also allows passage of fluid from the particular restrictor plate which is aligned with said through passage to the outlet of said housing according to the flow rate selected. 16. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 15 wherein the selection means enables selection of any combination of flow rates available from the restrictor plate. 17. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 16 wherein there are five holes in the restrictor plate sized to allow selectively flow rates of 0.5 litres per day, 0.5 litres day, 1 litres per day, 2 litres per day and 3 litres per day. 18. An in line fluid flow controller according to claim 17 wherein the chamber within the said housing acts as a priming chamber or fluid evacuation chamber to assist passage of fluid along or to evacuate the supply line of said administration set. 19. An in line flow controller according to claim 18 wherein the longitudinal axis of the housing is in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the said supply line. 20. An in line flow controller according to claim 18 wherein the priming chamber is eccentric to the longitudinal axis of the supply line. 21. An in line flow controller according to claim 20 wherein the housing is adapted to allow access to the said chamber for insertion and removal of said restrictor plate or plates. 22. An in line flow controller according to claim 21 wherein the housing has located therein a fixed or detachable hydrophyllic filter located upstream of said restrictor plate. 23. An in line flow controller according to claim 22 wherein the flow controller is located at or near the patient end of the administration set. 24. An in line flow controller according to claim 23 wherein tfte restrictor hole sizes fall within the range of 5μ to lOOμ. 25. An in line flow controller according to claim 24 wherein the flow controller is inserted into a pressure driven or gravity feed administration set. 26. An in line flow controller according to claim 25 wherein the fluid of the administration set is pressurised by an elastomeric pump prior to passing through said flow controller. 27. An in line flow controller according to any of the foregoing claims wherein the administration set is fitted with multiple flow controllers in series or parallel configuration.

Inventors: BODE GRAHAM, MILIJASEVIC ZORAN, BODE, GRAHAM, MILIJASEVIC, ZORAN
Applicants: MACNAUGHT PTY LTD, MACNAUGHT PTY LIMITED
Application year: 1991
Main classification: A61M5
IPC codes: A61M5, F15D1