Endoscopic aspiration instrument

Abstract: An endoscopic aspiration instrument (100) suitable for use with a trocar sheath in laparoscopic surgical procedures is disclosed for aspirating fluid from an ovarian cyst without leakage of the fluid into the peritoneal cavity. The endoscopic instrument (100) comprises an elongated suction tube member (103) having a needle guide (120) positioned within the passageway (121) thereof. The suction tube (103) and needle guide (120) are connected at the proximal ends (115,125) thereof with the use of a three access port connector (111). The first access port (114) connects to the proximal end (115) of the suction tube (103). The proximal end (125) of the needle guide tube (120) is extended through the first port (114) and connected to the second port (113) of the T-type connector (111). An aspiration needle (117) is inserted through a sealing cap (118) positioned over the second access port (113) and into the passageway (123) of the needle guide tube (120). A centering device (126) comprising a sleeve (127) and a plurality of radially extending arms (128) is positioned about the distal end (124) of the needle guide tube (120) for centering the needle guide tube (120) within the passageway (121) of the suction tube (103). The centering device (126) is also located a predetermined distance from the distal end (108) of the suction tube (103) for preventing the ovarian cyst from being drawn too far into the suction tube (103) to engage the ovarian cyst.

Description: This invention relates to medical instruments. One endoscopic instrument is an aspiration needle for puncturing and aspirating fluid from, for example, an ovarian cyst. Another endoscopic instrument is an aspiration tube for aspirating fluid from the peritoneal cavity. One problem with the aspiration needle is that fluid may leak from around the shaft of the needle when it puctures the cyst. Likewise, an aspiration tube may allow fluid draining into the peritoneal cavity to come in contact with healthy tissue before and during removal. The problem of fluid leaking or draining into the peritoneal cavity is particularly heightened when the fluid contains malignant cells. Protein marker tests are used to indicate whether an ovarian cyst is malignant or benign. When it is benign, an invasive, endoscopic close-chambered ovarian cyst removal technique is preferred. Protein marker tests for malignancy are usually about 80% accurate, and consequently fluid leakage from a cyst during testing and fluid removal is important. If malignant cells are allowed to come in contact with other healthy tissue within a peritoneal cavity, the consequences can be serious, and the prevention of fluid leakage to healthy tissue during endoscopic aspiration is thus serious. A pathological report of the aspirated fluid indicating that malignant cells are present would then indicate the need for the invasive surgical procedure where healthy tissue exposure to the malignant fluid is eliminated or contained. The leakage of any malignant fluid during a minimally invasive procedure would significantly worsen the morbidity or prognosis of a patient. DE-A-3713831 describes an aspiration instrument as described in the preamble of claim 1. According to the present invention, there is provided a medical instrument as defined in claim 1. The instrument has particular applications to laparoscopic or pelviscopic procedures, such as for aspirating an ovarian cyst during a close-chambered ovarian cyst drainage procedure. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a one-way check valve prevents loss of purchase of the cyst within the suction tube as well as preventing any fluid within the aspiration needle from being drawn out of the distal end of the needle and through the suction tube. This also prevents loss of purchase of the suction tube with the cyst. In the embodiment, the outer surface of the suction tube includes a matte or non-glare finish for reducing, if not eliminating, the reflection of light from the suction tube during the endoscopic procedure. This significantly reduces annoying and fatiguing conditions to the attending physician. To facilitate re-use and cleaning, the preferred endoscopic aspiration instrument utilizes a T-type connector having three access ports for interconnecting the suction tube and the tubular needle guide. Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 depicts the endoscopic aspiration instrument of an embodiment; FIG. 2 depicts a cross-sectional view of part of FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 depicts a view along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2. Depicted in FIG. 1 is endoscopic instrument 100 such as a pelviscopic cyst aspirator for aspirating fluid 101 from an ovarian cyst 102. The instrument includes an elongated member 103 such as a stainless steel suction tube which is passed through the passageway of trocar sheath 104 and into the peritoneal cavity 105 of patient 106. The trocar sheath is inserted through the abdominal wall 107 of a patient for performing a minimally invasive laparoscopic or pelviscopic procedure. The distal end 108 of the elongated suction tube member is positioned to engage the outer wall of the ovarian cyst and maintain purchase of the cyst by a vacuum introduced via suction connecting tube 109 attached to side port 110 of connector 111 and a vacuum source (not shown) attached to connector 112 of the connecting tube. T-type connector 111 has three ports 110, 113, and 114 of which the proximal end 115 of suction tube 103 is connected to access port 114. A regulating clamp 116 is positioned about suction connecting tube 109 and regulates the amount of vacuum maintained on cyst 102. Aspiration needle 117 is inserted through sealing cap 118, access port 113, and suction tube 103 to puncture and aspirate the ovarian cyst. When inserted into the cyst, another source of vacuum is applied to the proximal end of the aspiration needle through one-way check valve 119 to aspirate fluid 101 without leaking into peritoneal cavity 105. In FIG. 2 needle 117 is positioned for insertion through cap 118 into access port 113. Instrument 100 basically comprises member 103, connector 111, and a second elongated aspiration needle guide member 120 interconnected as shown. By way of example, elongated suction tube member 103 comprises a type 302 stainless steel tube approxiamtely 31cms. in length. The suction tube includes a hollow passageway 121 approximately 0.95 cms. (3/8") in diameter and wall 122 approximately 0.089 cms. (0.035") in thickness. Distal end 108 of the tube engages and maintains purchase of the ovarian cyst with the aid of a vacuum applied through passageway 121 and connector 111. Proximal end 115 of tube 103 is threaded to port 114. Member 120, is centrally positioned within passageway 121. By way of example, needle guide 120 is approximately 40cms. long and comprises a 15 gauge thin wall tube having an outside diameter of approximately 0.183 cms. (0.072") and an internal passageway having an inside diameter of 0.015 cms. (0.059") between distal end 124 and proximal end 125. End 125 extends centrally through port 114 and is connected and secured to port 113 by silver solder. Positioning device 126 is positioned about the distal end of the needle guide to center the needle guide within passageway 121 of the suction tube. Positioning device 126 comprises a hollow sleeve 127 connected by silver solder to distal end 124. Arms 128 (FIG. 2) extend radially from sleeve 127 to wall 122 for centering needle guide 120 within passageway 121. This allows the suction tube to be removed from the connector for cleaning. The positioning device is also located a predetermined distance from the distal end 108 of suction tube 103 for preventing the engaged ovarian cyst from being drawn too far into tube 103. Connector 111 resembles a T-type fitting having three access ports 110, 113, and 114. The main body 129 of the connector is approximately 3.81 cms. (1½") in length between directly opposed access ports 113 and 114. The outside diameter of the main body preferably near first access port 114 is approximately 1.587 cms. (0.625"). The main body also includes an inside cylindrical passageway 130 approximately 0.79 cms. (0.312") in diameter. Proximal end 115 and access port 114 are threaded to provide ready interconnection of the two components. Passageway 130 tapers to a diameter of 0.282 cms. (0.111") at the proximal end thereof for receiving the proximal end of needle guide 120. Similarly, the outside diameter of the main body of the connector reduces to an outside diameter of approximately 0.95 cms. (0.375"). The proximal end of the main body includes a circular flange 131 for sealing cap 118 to engage and provide an air and/or fluid tight Cook seal. Proximal end 125 of needle guide 120 is connected to access port 113 using well-known silver solder. Side access port 110 opens into main connector passageway 130 via connecting tube adaptor 132 having an outside diameter of approximately 1.26 cms. (0.495") and an internal passageway 133 having a diameter of approximately 0.635 cms. (0.250"). Connecting tube adaptor 132 is either silver-soldered or press-fit into the main body of connector 111. Vacuum connecting tube 109 connects between adaptor 132 and vacuum suction equipment (not shown) to provide vacuum and aspiration through access port 110 and passageway 121 of suction tube 103. Connecting cap 134 secures connecting tube 109 to adaptor 132 and access port 110. When the suction tube 103 is placed next to an ovarian cyst wall, suction applied through connecting tube 109 and passageway 121 draws the ovarian cyst wall into the end of suction tube 103 up to a stop or to positioning device 126. In addition, the ovarian cyst wall is engaged against the distal end 124 of needle aspiration guide 120. Aspiration needle 117 is approximately 40cms. in length and is comprised of either a 14 or 17 gauge metal tube with a hub connector 135 at the proximal end thereof. A standard lancet bevel is provided at the distal end 136 of the needle. A one-way check valve 137 is connected to the proximal end of the hub typically with a Luer lock connector. A second source of vacuum or suction is applied to proximal end 138 for providing suction to aspirate fluid from the ovarian cyst through the tube and/or the aspiration needle. To briefly describe the procedure utilized with the cyst aspiration instrument, the aspirating needle 117 is inserted through sealing cap 118, access port 113, and into passageway 123 of the needle guide 120. Suction is applied to the proximal end 138 of the check valve or the needle. The instrument is then inserted into the peritoneal cavity through the trocar sheath 104 as shown in FIG. 1. Suction via connecting tube 109 is applied to passageway 121 of suction tube 103, which engages the outside wall of the ovarian cyst. Sufficient purchase is maintained to manipulate the cyst and the ovary, if necessary. Regulating clamp 116 is in a generally full open position for maximum purchase. The aspiration needle is then extended through the needle guide to puncture the wall of the cyst. Fluid from the cyst is drawn through the aspiration needle to aspirate and deflate the cyst. A saline lavage is also utilized with the aspirating needle to further aspirate or evacuate the cystic contents. The one-way check valve 137 prevents fluid from flowing back through the needle and into suction tube 103. Should any fluid leak from about the outer wall of the aspiration needle, suction tube 103 aspirates any emerging fluid. The aspiration needle is removed, and the cyst is fully deflated by aspiration through suction tube 103. Purchase of the cyst wall is maintained within suction tube 103 and positioning device 128. The surgeon then employs a well-known tying off technique of the ruptured cyst end, and the cyst is removed using well-known surgical techniques. Suction is maintained while the aspirating instrument is withdrawn from the cavity. This is done to prevent any backward draining or leakage of fluid down the shaft. The aspiration instrument is then removed without any leakage or drainage of possibly malignant cells into the peritoneal cavity. As a result, the leakage of possibly malignant cyst fluid into the peritoneal cavity during a minimally invasive pelviscopic procedure is minimized if not completely eliminated. The above instrument is merely illustrative of this invention. The endoscopic instrument may be comprised of three components such as a suction tube, a needle guide and a connector with three access ports. Alternatively, the suction tube can be provided with a single, side access port at a point along its length, and a second access port at the proximal end for inserting the aspiration needle therethrough. The centering device may be attached to the distal end of the suction tube without the need for the needle guide. In this embodiment, the aspiration needle is inserted through the sealing cap and the second access port at the proximal end of the suction tube and centered by the physician for insertion into the cyst through positioning device 126. Although described for aspirating an ovarian cyst, the aspiration instrument may also be utilized to aspirate bile from the gallbladder, fluid from kidney cysts, or fluid from other cavities of the body.

Claims: A medical instrument (100) for aspirating fluid (101) from a patient, said instrument comprising an elongated tube (103) with a longitudinal passageway (121) and comprising a first access port (110) for connection to a suction arrangement (via 109) for providing evacuation of the passageway, in order to urge a part (102) of the patient into engagement with the distal end (108) of the elongated tube, an elongated tubular guide member (120) extending longitudinally within the said longitudinal passageway, the instrument also having a second access port (113) associated with the proximal end to provide access to the passageway for an aspirational needle (117) of a needle arrangement, the guide member being adapted to guide the needle (117) to the distal end of the guide member in order to penetrate the said part, CHARACTERISED IN THAT the distal end (124) of the guide member is terminated within the said elongated tube at a predetermined distance from the distal end (108) of the said elongated tube, in order to draw the said part into engagement with the distal end (124) of the guide member, and in that means (135,137) are provided for connecting the needle arrangement to a suction arrangement, in order to provide aspiration of the said part. An instrument according to claim 1, wherein the means for connecting the needle to a suction arrangement is designed to provide the connection prior to the penetration. An instrument according to claim 1, CHARACTERISED IN THAT positioning means (126) within the first longitudinal passageway adjacent the distal end thereof serves to support and center the guide member within the said longitudinal passageway. An instrument according to claim 3, CHARACTERISED IN THAT the guide member extends between the proximal and distal end access ports of a connector (111) and within the longitudinal passageway. An instrument according to claim 4, CHARACTERISED IN THAT a sealing cap (118) is positioned over the proximal access port of the connector, and in that the aspirational needle is to be inserted through the cap into the passageway of the guide member. An instrument according to claim 4 or 5, CHARACTERISED IN THAT a check valve (119) is provided for connection to the proximal end of the aspirational needle. An instrument according to any one preceding claim, CHARACTERISED IN THAT a suction tube (109) is to be connected to the said first access port, and in that means (116) is provided for regulating the degree of suction to be provided to the longitudinal passageway (121). An instrument according to claim 4, CHARACTERISED IN THAT the proximal and distal access ports form ports of a T-shaped connector and are in alignment. An instrument according to any one preceding claim, CHARACTERISED IN THAT the said elongated tube has an outer surface with a predetermined finish about its distal end. An instrument according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the positioning means comprises a sleeve (127) positioned about the distal end of the guide member and a plurality of arms (128) extending from the sleeve to the said elongated member.

Inventors: FOSTER THOMAS LEE, TOPEL HOWARD CARL, FOSTER, THOMAS LEE, TOPEL, HOWARD CARL
Applicants: VANCE PRODUCTS INC, VANCE PRODUCTS INCORPORATED D/B/A COOK UROLOGICAL INCORPORATED
Application year: 1991
Main classification: A61M1
IPC codes: A61M1, A61B17