Throw away cutter

Abstract: A throw away cutter having a cutter body (1) formed with chip pockets (3) and a plurality of throw away inserts (2) having cutting edges. Each pocket (3) is formed at least at the front or inner side of the body with a spherical blind groove (3a). The center of radius of curvature of the spherical blind groove is located on an imaginary line drawn from the front end of each cutting edge toward the pocket at a substantially right angle with respect to each cutting edge.

Description: This invention relates to a throw away cutter in which the runout of cutter edges is minimized and the number of cutter edges can be increased by improving the shape of its chip pockets. In recent years, throw away cutters having a high-rake structure for higher cutting ability are increasing in number partly because of increasing difficulty in cutting the materials to be cut and partly because of the increasing requirement for accuracy. But with many of these cutters, the chip pockets formed in the body for the respective cutter edges are still old types. Namely, as shown in Fig. 7, they are in the shape of through grooves having a cylindrical wall. In the figure, 1 is a cutter body, 2 is a throw away insert having a cutting edge 2a, and 3' is a chip pocket. As shown in Fig. 8, such conventional chip pockets 3' are formed by thrusting a rotating spherical machining tool A such as a ball end mill through the cutter body in the direction of arrow in Fig. 7. The surface of the pocket thus formed has a uniform radius of curvature and extends obliquely rearwardly from the front of the body toward the outer periphery along the cutting edge. Since chips tend to flow along the rake face, if the cutting edges are of a high rake type, there is no need of forming large pockets at the front or inner side. Rather, in order to achieve high performance, it will be more important to increase the rigidity of the body by reducing the pocket size at the front or inner side. But since conventional chip pockets are in the form of through grooves having a uniform radius of curvature, the higher the rake angle of cutter edges, the more remarkably the cutter body is cut off at the front side more than necessary. This makes too thin a back metal portion 1a supporting the inserts to assure the rigidity of the body. This will in turn worsen the runout of the cutter. If the thickness of the back metal portion 1a were increased, the total number of cutting inserts would have to be reduced. This will have a bad influence on the working efficiency and the accuracy of working surface. An object of this invention is to provide a throw away cutter which has chip pockets having a shape effective in solving these problems. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a throw away cutter having a cutter body formed with chip pockets and a plurality of throw away inserts having cutting edges and mounted with a positive axial rake angle, each chip pocket being formed at least at the front or inner side of the cutter body with a spherical blind groove, the center of the radius of curvature of the spherical blind groove being located on an imaginary line drawn from the front end of the each cutting edge toward the pocket at a substantially right angle with respect to the cutting edge. By forming the front or inner part of each chip pocket with a spherical blind groove, the front part of the edge of the pocket is located nearer to the corresponding cutting edge. This serves to increase the thickness of the above-mentioned back metal portion. Thus, even if the cutting edges are of a high-rake-angle type, the rigidity of the body increases. This will prevent decrease in the runout of cutting edges. Also, if it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the back metal portion, the total number of the cutting inserts can be increased by shortening the pitch between the adjacent cutting edges. Other features and objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figs. 1 and 2 are partial front views of the cutters according to this invention having different numbers of cutting inserts; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the cutter of Fig. 1 as viewed from the outer peripheral side thereof as viewed from the outer peripheral side; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the same as viewed from the inner peripheral side thereof; Fig. 5 is its side view of the cutter of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line X-X of Fig. 1; and Figs. 7 and 8 are perspective views of a conventional cutter showing the shape of its chip pockets, each figures corresponding to Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. In the drawings, numeral 1 is a cutter body, 2 is a throw away insert, 3 is a chip pocket, 4 is a sheet attached to the front side of a back metal portion 1a, 5 is a locator held against the sheet, and 6 is a wedge-like clamp block fitted between the insert and the cutter body by a known W screw (not shown) and supported by the locator and the body. Each chip pocket 3 comprises a spherical blind groove 3a at the front of the body or at a side near its axis and a through groove 3b having a constant radius of curvature R and provided at the rear part so as to extend obliquely outwardly from the groove 3a to the outer periphery of the body substantially in parallel with the cutting edge 2a. In forming the pockets 3, a spherical machining tool A having a radius of curvature R as shown in Fig. 4 is cut into the body 1 from its outer periphery (from the rear of the groove) and moved so that the center O of radius R of the semi-circular cutting edge will pass the line C in Fig. 3. When the center O of R reaches an imaginary line drawn from the front end of the cutting edge 2a at a right angle therewith (position shown in Fig. 3), the tool is stopped. As shown in Fig. 6, the spherical blind groove 3a has a wall surface rising toward the front or inner side of the cutter body 1 in contrast to a conventional pocket which extends in a straight line at this portion as shown by chain line. This means that while a conventional pocket has a contour as shown by chain lines in Figs. 1 and 2 (dotted line in Fig. 4), the pocket of this embodiment has a contour as shown by solid lines. As a result, the width of the back metal portion 1a has increased from w to W. This increases the rigidity of the cutter body. The larger the axial rake angle of the cutting edge 2a, the greater the difference (W - w). Also, the difference increases progressively with the diameter of the cutter. Thus, the number of cutting edges can be increased by shortening the pitch between the adjacent cutting edges. The pockets 3 are shown to extend substantially parallel to the cutting edges 2a. But they may be more or less inclined with respect to them. The center O of radius R of each spherical blind groove 3 may be approximately in the position of Fig. 3. Namely, the object of the invention can be attained even if it is slightly displaced from the position of Fig. 3 toward or away from the axis of the cutter. The pocket 3 may be formed in any other way. For example, the tool A shown in Fig. 4 may be cut into the body in the direction of depth of pocket at the point O of Fig. 3 and then moved axially of the groove until it cuts through the body to its outer periphery. Depending upon the shape of the cutter, each pocket 3 may have another spherical blind groove at its rear. In forming such a pocket, a spherical cutting tool may be cut into the body to a certain depth, moved laterally to the other end of the pocket and then pulled out in the axial direction. By providing such an additional spherical blind groove at the rear of each pocket, the rigidity of the cutter body increases at the rear part thereof. This makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the cutter in the axial direction. But such rear spherical blind grooves should not be provided if this has any bad influence on discharging chips. According to this invention, each chip pocket is provided at least at its front or inner side with a spherical blind groove. With this arrangement, the pocket size can be reduced at the front or inner side of the cutter while maintaining a sufficient pocket capacity for discharging chips. Thus, the body has an increased rigidity and the runout of the cutting edges is greatly reduced compared with conventional cutters. In order to confirm these facts, we compared the runout of the cutting edges before improvement with the runout after improvement by use of a cutter having a diameter of 160mm, eight cutting edges, and an approach angle of 45 degrees, an axial rake angle of + 27 degrees, and a radial rake angle of -7 degrees. Before improvement is made, the runout of the eight cutting edges mounted at random and adjusted was 0.04 - 0.05 mm. After improvement, the runout was within 0.01 - 0.015 mm with a simple adjustment. Since the pockets are compact in size, the number of cutting inserts can be increased. Thus, the performance of the cutter, such as machining efficiency, will improve.

Claims: A throw away cutter having a cutter body (1) formed with chip pockets (3) and a plurality of throw away inserts having cutting edges (2a) and mounted with a positive axial rake angle, each chip pocket being formed at least at the front or inner side of said cutter body with a spherical blind groove (3a), the center (O) of radius (R) of curvature of said spherical blind groove being located on an imaginary line drawn from the front end of said each cutting edge toward said pocket at a substantially right angle with respect to said cutting edge.

Inventors: EMOTO SHIGENORI C O ITAMI WORK, EMOTO, SHIGENORI, EMOTO, SHIGENORI, C/O ITAMI WORKS OF SUMITOMO ELEC
Applicants: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LIMITED
Application year: 1991
Main classification: B23C5
IPC codes: B23C5