SCREW PRESS

Abstract: A screw press (1) for dehydrating slurry, comprising: a screen outer tube (5); a screw shaft (20); a slurry supplying portion (10); and a driving system (25) for rotatably driving the screen outer tube (5) and the screw shaft (20). The driving system (25) is adapted to rotate the screw shaft (20) in one direction, and simultaneously, rotate the screen outer tube (5) in a direction opposite to the rotating direction of the screw shaft. The driving system (25) has a transmission (26, 46) for changing the number of revolutions of at least one of the screen outer tube and the screw shaft. The screen outer tube (5) is rotated in a direction opposite to that of the screw shaft (20) at the number of revolutions within a predetermined range, so that high dehydrating effect can be obtained.

Description: Technical Field This invention relates to a screw press which dehydrates slurry to produce sludge and discharges the sludge. Background Art A conventional screw press is generally known as following. The screw press has a screw shaft mounted inside an outer screen casing. Slurry is supplied between the screw shaft and the outer screen casing. Slurry is then dehydrated and pressed by rotating the screw shaft to be subjected to a solid-liquid separation, and the produced sludge is discharged as a cake. When the cake is formed gradually during the dehydrating operation by the screw press, a load of a drive unit rotating the screw shaft becomes too heavy to press the slurry sufficiently. The above mentioned outer screen casing mounted on the screen press is not capable of bearing a large pressure. This is because the outer screen casing is mainly formed from a metal screen. The screw press for dehydrating viscous waste water requires a pressure tightness in order to receives a large pressure. Therefore the metal screen of the outer screen casing mounted on the press is rigidly reinforced by rings, flanges and so on. The screen of the screw press processing the viscous slurry usually has a fine mesh. As a result, the screen tends to clog and then needs to be cleaned. Conventionally, although the clogged screen is cleaned with a brush, it is very difficult to clean the clogged screen to be a good condition because the screen has a very fine mesh and the above mentioned reinforced flange and so forth to prevent the brush from touching to the screen entirely. In case of another method to clean the screen by spraying a compressed air thereto, it is unable to remove the clogging thoroughly. A conventional screw press as set forth in the precharacterizing portion of claim 1 is known from DE-A-29 23 646. Disclosure of invention It is a primary object of this invention to provide a screw press which improves a capability of dehydration and is capable of reducing a over load on a driving rotation unit rotating a screw shaft during the dehydration, and the screw press having a screen which the clogging of the mesh can be easily cleaned. It is another object of this invention to provide a method far driving the screw press in which there are the first step of detecting the over load produced in a drive unit driving the screw press during processing slurry by use of the screw press mentioned above, and the second step of returning to making the screw press perform the slurry process again after reducing the over load, thereby performing the slurry process continuously and efficiently. The above objects and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a screw press as defined in claim 1. A method for driving said screw press is defined in claim 12. This invention is based on the discovery that the slurry process is effectively performed by rotating an outer screen casing simultaneously with the rotation of the screw shaft at a rotating speed within a predetermined range in the opposite rotational direction of the screw shaft. The screw press of this invention is characterized by a drive unit for rotating the screw shaft in one rotational direction and for rotating the outer screen casing in the opposite rotational direction at the same time. The drive unit has a transmission which changes a rotational frequency of at least either the outer screen casing or the screw shaft. The outer screen casing has mesh screens having rather a fine mesh on a cake discharging side as compared with the mesh on a slurry supplying side. An effectiveness of the dehydration by the screw press is acquired especially by setting the rotational frequency of the outer screen casing in the ratio 0.1-1.2 to that of the screw shaft. Therefore, the transmission is characterized by capability of rotating the outer screen casing and the screw shaft by the above ratio. The above mentioned screw shaft is characterized by a hollow shaft having an outer surface of screen for filtering the slurry. Therefore, the dehydration efficiency becomes higher by performing a double filtration. The above mentioned screw press comprises a device for detecting the overload when it is produced in above mentioned drive unit and a device for rotating at least either the outer screen casing and the screw shaft in a rotational direction opposite to their present rotational direction for a predetermined period of time against said overload. Therefore, the load of the drive unit is reduced. In the screw press above described, a high pressure cleaning device is disposed inside the screw shaft and on the portion adjacent to the outer surface of the outer screen casing. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the overload by cleaning the screen and the contact surfaces of the outer screen casing and the screw shaft with the cake by using the device which injects water or wash liquid at high pressure. The cleaning device is also used for cleaning the outer screen casing and the screw shaft after the dehydration. In a method of the present invention for driving the screw press, the drive unit rotates at least either the outer screen casing or the screw shaft in a rotational direction opposite to an initial rotational direction for a predetermined period of time. Thereafter, the drive unit returns to the initial driving condition to rotate the outer screen casing and the screw shaft in the initial rotational direction. When overload is produced in the drive unit during the above driving method, it is possible to reduce the overload by cleaning the contacting surface of the outer screen casing and the screw shaft with the cake using the high pressure cleaning device. Brief Description of Drawings Fig.1 is a partially sectional view of a screw press of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.2 is a plan view of the screw press shown in Fig. 1. Fig.3 is a right side view of the screw press of the Fig.1 and shows one portion taken in the line III-III in Fig.2. Fig.4 is a left side view of the screw press shown in Fig.1. Fig.5 is a cross-sectional view taken in line V-V shown in Fig.1. Fig.6 is a perspective view showing a high pressure cleaning device for cleaning the outer screen casing and the screw shaft of the screw press, and meshes of the outer screen casing. Fig.7 is a cross sectional view taken in line VII-VII of Fig.6 showing a double filtering. Fig.8 is a cross sectional view showing the screw shaft decentering relative to the outer screen casing. Fig.9 is a diaphragm showing various driving units of the screw press of Fig.1. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention Following is a further explanation of a screw press, a method of driving the screw press, other objects and effects of the present invention with an embodiment. Referring to Figs.1 and 5, a screw press 1 of the embodiment of this invention is mounted on a main support 2. As shown in Fig.1 and Fig.5, a frame 3 is secured to the main support 2. Three rollers 4 are disposed on two portions of the frame 3, respectively. Two out of three rollers 4 are disposed on the lower portion of the frame 3 and the other roller 4 is disposed on the center of the upper portion of the frame 3. An outer screen casing 5 which is mainly made from a metal mesh is reinforced and integrated with a plurality of rings 6. The outer screen casing 5 is supported horizontally by the roller 4 through a pair of rings 7 at the both ends of the outer screen casing 5. As illustrated in Figs.2 and 5, a driven gear 8 is disposed on the outer left end of the outer screen casing 5. On the other hand, as illustrated in Figs.1 and 3, the right end of the outer screen casing 5 is connected through a flange 9 with a hopper 10 which serves as a slurry supplying part. The hopper 10 has a rectangular cylindrical shape and is provided with a mesh basket 11 inside thereof. The mesh basket 11 has a lower portion having a semi-cylindrical shape at the position of elongating a lower semi-circle of the outer screen casing 5. A chute 13 is placed under the mesh basket 11. The slurry added flocculant is supplied to the hopper 10 from the above thereof. Solid material produced by flocculating the slurry is supplied into the hopper without being destroyed because there is no pipe for supplying the slurry in the hopper 10. The solid material of the slurry is precipitated and the supernatant liquid thereof stays in the upper part of the hopper 10. The supernatant liquid is lead through two drains 14 to the chute 13 mounted under the hopper 10, and then drained from a drain dish 15 which is disposed below the hopper 10 and supported by the main support 2. The slurry at a bottom of the hopper 10 is filtered through a mesh 12 on the lower portion of the mesh basket 11. The filtrate is then drained to the drain dish 15 through the chute 13. Consequently, the solid material is mainly left on the bottom of the hopper 10 and the slurry supplying part serves as a thickener. A circular cone 18 is arranged coaxially inside the outer screen casing 5. A base end which is a taper portion of the circular cone 18 is positioned at the bottom portion of the hopper 10 and is protruded therefrom. The diameter of the circular cone 18 becomes larger toward the opposite end, therefore a space between an outer surface of the circular cone 18 and the outer screen casing 5 becomes gradually narrower. Both ends of the circular cone 18 are rotatably supported by bearings 21 which are secured to the frame 3. A spiral wing 22 extends all along the length of the outer surface of the circular cone 18 to form a screw shaft 20. A motor 25 (Fig.2) is mounted on the main support 2 parallel with the outer screen casing 5. A driving shaft 27 of the motor 25 is provided with a transmission 26 comprising a plurality of pinions for engaging with a driven gear 8. When rotating the driving axis 27 clockwise by driving the motor in Fig.5, the pinion 28a (or 28b) of the transmission 26 rotates likewise. The pinion 28a or 28b is selected to engage with the driven gear 8 of the outer screen casing 5. As a result, the outer screen casing 5 rotates counterclockwise. Other pinions (not shown) than pinions 28a, 28b can also be selected and thereby the rotational frequency of the outer screen casing 5 can be set variously. Because the pinion 28a or 28b rotates downwardly which is selected with a gear shift to engage with the driven gear 8, a down force is produced to press the outer screen casing 5 downwardly. The two lower rollers 4 makes the outer screen casing 5 to be stable against the above mentioned force, namely, supports the outer screen casing 5 steadily without decentering the screw shaft 20. The driving shaft 27 of the motor 25 further extends through the gear box 26 and is pivoted by a plurality of bearings 28 secured to the main support 2. A sprocket wheel 29 is mounted on the top of the driving shaft 27. A shaft 30 is arranged parallel to the driving axis 27 of the motor 25 and is supported rotatably by the other bearing 31 secured to the main support 2. A sprocket wheel 32 is secured to one end of the shaft 30 and the other end is rigidly secured to the screw shaft 20. The sprocket wheel 29 is secured to the driving axis of the motor 25 and the sprocket wheel 32 is secured to the shaft 30. A chain 33 is put around the sprocket wheel 29 and the sprocket wheel 32 to transfer the rotation of the motor 25 to the screw shaft 20. The screw shaft 20 rotates clockwise, that is, in the opposite rotational direction to the rotational direction of the outer screen casing 5. The motor 25 is controlled by a control board 35. As illustrated in detail in Figs.6 and 7, the circular cone 18 is a hollow circular cone casing. The circular cone casing is in the form of a screen as same as the outer screen casing 5. As the spiral wing 22 extends to the bottom portion of the hopper 10, when the screw shaft 20 rotates, a slurry S moves immediately along the spiral wing 22 and is carried to the left side of the spiral wing 22. At the same time, the slurry S then pressed between the outer screen casing 5 and the circular cone 18, and the slurry is filtered by double filters formed by the outer screen casing 5 and the circular cone 18. A filtrate F drained outside the outer screen casing 5 is dropped down to the drain groove 15 to be drained. The filtrate F drained inside the circular cone 18 is drained through a drain 39. The screens of the outer screen casing 5 and the circular cone 18 gradually becomes fine from the hopper 10 toward a drain exit 40 of a cake C. This is because a moisture content of the sludge becomes lower from the hopper toward the drain exit 40 of the cake C. An example of the screen of the outer screen casing 5 will be described as follows. The size of the mesh of the screen is set for three grades M1, M2 and M3 from the hopper side as shown in Fig.6. M1 is a 2mm-mesh screen with a numerical aperture of 40%. M2 is a 1mm-mesh screen with a numerical aperture of 22.5%. M3 is a 0.5mm-mesh screen with a numerical aperture of 18.6%. Furthermore, if the size of the mesh of the screen in the circular cone 18 is smaller than that of the outer screen casing 5, it would be possible to have a superior water break to sludge including rich-fiber and to increase quantity of sludge to be treated. Cleaning pipes 41 and 42 which inject high pressure water are disposed on the outer portion of the outer screen casing 5 and inside the screw shaft 20, respectively. These cleaning pipes 41 and 42 are connected with a water tank as described below. The high pressure water is force fed to the cleaning pipe 41 and 42 by a pump which is controlled by the control board 35. The motor 25 serves as a drive unit which rotates the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20. The motor 25 can be overloaded when the cake as sludge comes to have high content during processing the slurry or the screen is clogged. It is preferred to dispose a detector for detecting the overload as described below. As the overload is detected, it is possible to reduce the load by operating the control board 35 to make the motor 25 rotate backward to rotates the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20 in the opposite rotational direction to the initial rotational direction, respectively. The above mentioned backward rotation is to be performed for a predetermined period of time. By injecting high pressure water from the cleaning pipe 41 and 42, during the above mentioned time of the backward rotation, it is possible to clean the all screens of the outer screen casing 5, the screw shaft 20, all the contacting surface of the cake and the screen and to further reduce the load of the drive unit 25. The description will proceed to an effect to oppositely rotate the outer screen casing 5 to the screw shaft 20. Charts 1 and 3 attached to the end of the description indicate the results of the experiments of dehydrate processing the various kinds of slurry by using the screw press of the present invention (the screw press improved to be capable of also inhibiting outer screen casing 5 from being rotated). Chart 1 shows a result of the experiment of dehydrate-processing slurry produced by flocculating a paper drainage. This experiment was performed by backwardly rotating the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20 each other with changing both rotational frequencies N1 and N2 to equalize a difference N1-N2 (the sum of absolute value of their rotational frequency) of both of rotational frequency. Chart 2 shows a result of the experiment of dehydrate-processing sludge produced by a sewerage disposal plant. This experiment was to be performed by one case that the outer screen casing 5 was fixed (the outer screen casing 5 having a rotational frequency N2=0) and the screw shaft 20 was gradually revved up, and other case that rotational frequency N2 (the backward rotation) of the outer screen casing 5 was gradually revved up relative to the screw shaft 20. Chart 3 shows a result of the experiment of dehydrate-processing slurry which is produced by flocculating and depositing a paper drainage. This experiment was to be performed by gradually revving up (backward rotation) the outer screen casing 5 relative to the rotation of the screw shaft 20. According to the chart 1, the Test No.1 was to be performed with the screw shaft 20 having rotational frequency N1 of 0.6rpm. The outer screen casing 5 having rotational frequency N2 of -0.3rpm, so as to have the difference of the rotational frequencies N1-N2 of 0.9rpm. The Test No.2 was to be performed with the screw shaft 20 having rotational frequencies N1 of 0.9rpm, the outer screen casing 5 having rotational frequencies N2 of 0, that is, the outer screen casing 5 was fixed to set the difference of rotational frequencies to be also 0.9rpm. Although the differences of rotational frequencies are the same 0.9rpm, the Test No.1 by backwardly rotating the outer screen casing 5 resulted in 56.4% of the moisture content and 35.6Kg-DS/hr of processing amount of the dry cake, and had higher processing effect in comparison with the Test No.2 by fixing the outer screen casing 5 being resulted in 57.9% of the moisture content and 33.3Kg-DS/hr of the processing amount of the dry cake. The same results could be acquired in the Test No.3 and No.4, No.5 and No.6. In the Test shown in Fig.2, when the outer screen casing 5 was fixed and the rotation of the screw shaft 20 was revved up, the moisture content and the processing amount became larger (Tests No.7-9). On the other hand, when the rotational frequencies N1 of the screw shaft 20 was unchanged and the rotational frequency N2 of the outer screen casing 5 was gradually revved up, the moisture content was almost constant but the processing amount was increased a great deal (Tests No.10 and 11, No.12 and 13, No.14-16). However, when the rotational frequency of the outer screen casing 5 more than a certain degree relative to the screw shaft 20, a increasing rate of the moisture content became larger in comparison with that of the processing amount (Tests No.15 and 16). In the Test shown in Fig.3, when the rotational frequency (backward rotation) of the outer screen casing 5 revved up with fixing rotational frequency of the screw shaft 20, the moisture content was almost unchanged but the processing amount increased (Tests No.19 or 22). However, when the rotational ratio N2/N1 of the outer screen casing 5 to the screw shaft 20 was increased rather than a certain degree, the moisture content becomes larger (Tests No.18 and 23). Therefore, it is obvious that the dehydrating effect is increased by rotating the outer screen casing 5 in the opposite rotational direction to the rotational direction of the screw shaft 20. Furthermore, the rotational ratio N2/N1 of the rotational frequency N2 of the outer screen casing 5 to the rotational frequency N1 of the screw shaft 20 is preferably about 0.1 at the minimum and 0.8 ∼ 1.2 at the maximum. It will be understood that driving force to the slurry is produced by the spiral wing 22 and friction force is produced between the slurry and an inner surface of a slurry chamber defined by the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20, and the driving force and the friction force multiply act on the slurry during backward rotation of the outer screen casing 5 at a low speed relative to the screw shaft 20 to rapidly move the slurry and to effectively dehydrate the slurry. It will be also understood, when further revving up the rotation of the outer screen casing 5, the slurry slips on the inner surface of the slurry chamber to suppress the dehydrating effect and to increase the moisture content. As the other effect by backward rotation of the outer screen casing 5 against the screw shaft 20, it is possible to drain the cake having an uniform thickness and moisture content from the drain exit 40 even if the screw shaft 20 and the outer screen casing 5 are decentered or the spiral wing is partially abraded. Fig.8 is a explanatory drawing of the effect, and shows the condition of the screw shaft 20 decentered relative to the outer screen casing 5. As long as the outer screen casing 5 is fixed, it is impossible to unify the cake since decentering points C1 and C2 are always placed on the same positions. However, if the outer screen casing 5 rotates backwardly, it is possible to unify the cake because of changing the positions of the decentering points C1 and C2. Fig.9 shows various drive units each of which drives the above mentioned screw press. At the screw press of the above mentioned embodiment, the screw shaft 20 and the outer screen casing 5 are rotatably driven by the motor 25. A first transmission 25 is mounted only on a driving series of the outer screen casing 5 but not on a series of screw shaft 20. The diagram of the Fig.9 shows a modified example of screw press having a second transmission 46 for shifting a gear on the driving series of the screw shaft 20 to be able to suitably change the rotational frequency of the screw shaft 20. A load detector 48 for detecting the load is disposed on the motor 25. The description will be made with regard to a method of driving the screw press 1 with reference to the Figures. At first, setting the first and second transmissions for rotating the screw shaft 20 and the outer screen casing 5 at an appropriate rotational ratio. Then the motor 25 was driven to operate the control board 35 to rotates the screw shaft 20 in one direction and the outer screen casing 5 in the opposite direction. The screw shaft 20 is usually rotated at the speed of 1-10rpm. Therefore, the slurry in the slurry supplying part (not shown) is transferred along the spiral wing 22 to be dehydrated and pressed. The formed cake is discharged from the drain exit 40. A ring 55 having a taper surface is disposed in the drain exit 40. The ring 55 is connected to a piston rod 54 having two oil pressure cylinders. The oil pressure cylinder 53 is driven to operate the control board 35 to drive the oil pressure pump unit 52. Therefore, it is possible to set the position of the ring 55 by moving the ring 55 right or left. It is possible to adjust the amount of draining the cake and the amount of the pressure force pressing the cake by controlling the position of the ring 55. When the pressed cake has a high viscosity or a solidity and when the screens of the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft are clogged, the motor 25 suffers from overload and then the screw press does not work sufficiently. When the load of the motor 25 approaches a predetermined degree, the load detector 48 detects it to transmit to the control board 35. In this time, the control board 35 is operated manually or automatically to rotate the motor 25 backwardly for the period of time. Therefore, the screw shaft 20 and the outer screen casing 5 rotate in the opposite rotational directions to the present rotational directions, respectively, to reduce the load of the motor 25. When the motor 25 is operated to be rotated backwardly, the control bad 35 automatically actuates the pump 50 for the above mentioned period of time to feed the water inside the water tank 49 connected with the pump 50 into the cleaning pipes 41 and 42 to high pressure. Accordingly, the high pressured water is injected from the cleaning pipes 41, 42 to clean the inner and outer surfaces of the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20 and the contact surface thereof. In other wards, the screens of the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft, the connecting surfaces of the outer screen casing 5, the screw shaft 20 and the cake are cleaned to further reduce a rotational resistance on the contact surface and then the load of the driving motor 25 is further reduced. The present invention should not be limited to the above mentioned embodiments, and should be able to be modified preferably. For instance, it is possible to mount the pinion 28a and the driven gear 8 of the outer screen casing 5 thereon without the transmission for the drive unit, and to set these gear ratio to the predetermined value and a ratio of rotations of the screw shaft 20 and the outer screen casing 5 to a predetermined value. Although, in the above embodiment, the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20 are driven by one drive unit 25, it is possible to dispose two drive units and drive the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20, respectively. It is further possible to dispose the transmission on one or both drive units to separately set the rotational frequency of the outer screen casing 5 and the screw shaft 20, respectively. It is also possible to dispose one drive unit as indicated in the above embodiment, and to dispose one transmission right next to the drive unit wherein the transmission is capable of changing the rotational frequency of either the outer screen casing 5 or the screw shaft 20 or both. Other than the transmission worked by a gear shift, transmissions work by a pulley, sprocket wheel, or other known transmissions may be used. In the above embodiment, the outer screen casing 5 is in shape of a cylinder and the screw shaft 20 is in shape of a circular cone. As opposed to the above, the outer screen casing 5 can be in shape of a circular cone, and the screw shaft 20 can be in shape of a cylinder or in other shapes as long as a relative space between the both narrows in the direction of extending the screw shaft 20. In the mentioned embodiment, there are three grades in the size of the mesh of the screen and the numerical aperture, the grades may be two, four or more. And it is possible to set the size of the mesh and the numerical aperture smaller in the direction of the screw shaft gradually without any steps. Industrial Applicability The screw press of this invention, as described above, has an excellent capability of processing dehydration. Moreover, the screw press is capable of resolving an overload to continue the dehydration when it does not work sufficiently by producing the overload. And it is possible to utilize the screw press of this invention in every industries because the screen press of this invention can process every slurry. CHART 1 TEST No. Rotational Frequency Of The Screw Shaft N1 (rpm) Rotational Frequency Of The Outer Screen Casing N2 (rpm) Difference N2-N1 Moisture Content Of Cake (%) Amount Of Processing Dry Cake 1 0.60 -0.30 0.90 56.4 35.6 2 0.90 0 0.90 57.9 33.3 3 0.90 -0.45 1.35 56.6 38.0 4 1.35 0 1.35 60.1 37.3 5 1.20 -0.60 1.80 60.2 54.4 6 1.80 0 1.80 61.8 50.4 CHART 2 TEST No. Rotational Frequency Of The Screw Shaft N1 (rpm) Rotational Frequency Of The Outer Screen Casing N2 (rpm) Ratio N2/N1 Moisture Content Of Cake (%) Amount Of Processing Dry Cake 7 0.380 0 0 82.1 4.7 8 0.446 0 0 82.5 5.3 9 0.558 0 0 83.1 7.8 10 0.255 0.101 0.40 82.0 4.5 11 0.255 0.202 0.79 81.0 5.7 12 0.380 0.085 0.22 82.3 5.7 13 0.350 0.174 0.46 81.3 7.4 14 0.446 0.085 0.19 81.8 7.2 15 0.446 0.223 0.50 81.8 9.1 16 0.446 0.347 0.78 83.0 9.4 CHART 3 TEST No. Rotational Frequency Of The Screw Shaft N1 (rpm) Rotational Frequency Of The Outer Screen Casing N2 (rpm) Ratio N2/N1 Moisture Content Of Cake (%) Amount Of Processing Dry Cake 17 0.558 0.438 0.78 53.9 27.7 18 0.558 0.893 1.60 60.7 24.8 19 1.010 0 0 51.9 22.6 20 1.010 0.202 0.20 52.4 26.2 21 1.010 0.438 0.43 54.5 28.2 22 1.010 0.695 0.69 55.6 30.2 23 1.010 0.893 0.89 63.1 29.2 Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.

Claims: A screw press (1) comprising: an outer screen casing (5) being rotatably supported and extending horizontally; a screw shaft (20) being rotatably disposed coaxially inside said outer screen casing (5), extending horizontally so as to gradually reduce a relative space between said screw shaft (20) and said outer screen casing (5) in the extending direction, and including a spiral wing (22) disposed around its outer surface all over its extending length to be almost contact with said outer screen casing (5); a slurry supplying means (10, 11) disposed on one end of said outer screen casing (5) to supply a slurry into said space between said outer screen casing (5) and said screw shaft (20); and at least one rotating means (25) for rotating said screw shaft (20) in one rotational direction and said outer screen casing (5) in the opposite rotational direction, characterized in that said outer screen casing (5) has mesh screens (M1, M2, M3) having rather a fine mesh (M3) on a cake discharging side (40) compared with the mesh (M1) on a slurry supplying side (10). The screw press according to claim 1, characterized in that said one rotating means (25) simultaneously rotates said outer screen casing (5) and said screw shaft (20) in opposite directions to each other. The screw press according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said rotating means (25) is to be set at a rotating ratio between 0.1-1.2 of said outer screen casing (5) to said screw shaft (20). The screw press according to claim 1, characterized in that said rotating means (25) includes a transmission (26, 46) for changing the rotational frequency of at least either said outer screen casing (5) or said screw shaft (20), said transmission (26, 46) being capable of setting said rotational ratio between 0.1-1.2. of said outer screen casing (5) to said screw shaft (20). The screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a detector (48) for detecting load of said rotating means (25), and a backward rotating unit (25, 35) for backwardly rotating at least either of said outer screen casing (5) and said screw shaft (20) which rotate in said directions each to other when said load approaches a predetermined degree. The screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said screw shaft (20) has a hollow shape and has an outer surface in form of a screen for discharging a separated supernatant liquid produced by expressing slurry. The screw press according to claim 6, wherein said outer surface of said screw shaft (20) has a mesh screen having a rather fine size compared with the mesh screen (M1, M2, M3) of said outer screen casing (5) corresponding to said screen mesh of said screw shaft (20). The screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises high pressure cleaning devices (41, 42) being disposed outside said outer screen casing (5) and inside said screw shaft (20). The screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said slurry supplying means (10, 11) includes a hopper (10) of a vertical type, said hopper (10) having a bottom portion to cross with an end of said outer screen casing (5), said screw shaft (20) having an end portion extending to its crossing portion. The screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said slurry supplying means (10, 11) includes means (13, 14) for draining a separated supernatant liquid of said slurry supplied to said slurry supplying means (10, 11) to increase a concentration of said slurry. The screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the mesh of the other screen casing (5) is set to three grades (M1, M2, M3) from the slurry supplying side (10, 11), wherein a first grade (M1) at the slurry supplying side (10, 11) is a 2-mm mesh screen with a numerical aperture of 40 %, wherein a second grade (M2) between the slurry supplying side (10, 11) and the cake discharging side (40) is a 1-mm mesh screen with a numerical aperture of 22.5 %, and wherein a third grade (M3) at the cake discharging side (40) is a 0.5-mm mesh screen with a numerical aperture of 18.6 %. A method for driving a screw press according to one or more of the preceding claims, said screw press being for dehydrating and draining slurry by carrying and pressing said slurry along said screw shaft (20), characterized in that said rotating means (25) is operated so as to backwardly rotate for a predetermined time interval at least either of said outer screen casing (5) and said screw shaft (20) for reducing a load when said load approaches a predetermined degree, thereafter said rotating means (25) being returned to normally rotate said outer screen casing (5) and said screw shaft (20). The method of driving a screw press according to claim 12, characterized in that said outer screen casing (5) and said screw shaft (20) have an inner and an outer surfaces, said inner and outer surfaces being cleaned for said predetermined time interval to reduce said load when the load of said rotating means (25) approaches said predetermined degree.

Inventors: ISHIGAKI EIICHI, MITANI YUKITOSHI, ISHIGAKI, EIICHI, MITANI, YUKITOSHI
Applicants: ISHIGAKI MECH IND, ISHIGAKI MECHANICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: B30B9
IPC codes: B30B9