Parathyroid hormone antagonists

Abstract: Peptide derivatives of the following general formula (I): wherein AAA is deletion or Ser, BBB is deletion or Glu, CCC is deletion, Ile, Phe, Leu, cyclohexylalanine, D-alle or Lys substituted at the ε-position by C₆-C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group, DDD is Gly or Gln, EEE is Leu, Nle or Phe, FFF is Met, Leu or Nle, GGG is Ala, Ser, Leu, Asn, Asp or Gln, HHH is Leu, Glu or Lys, III is His, Lys or Arg, JJJ is His, Lys or Arg, Xaa is Ala modified at the carboxy terminal with an amino group, provided that CCC and DDD may independently be modified at the amino terminal by C₂-C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group, and that EEE is not Leu when FFF is Met, GGG is Asn, HHH is Leu, III and JJJ are His, and the salts thereof, which exhibit a potent inhibitory activity against hPTH and are useful as a therapeutic agent for treating dysbolism associated with calcium or phosphoric acid, such as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and the like, and other related diseases involving PTH or PTHrP.

Description: The present invention relates to novel parathyroid hormone antagonists. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important hormone to take charge of the calcium metabolism in living bodies. Recently, analogous peptides having an activity similar to PTH, referred to as "parathyroid hormone related peptides" (PTHrP), have been discovered. Human PTHrP is a polypeptide consisting of 141 amino acids, and its PTH-like biological activities, namely elevation of blood level of calcium, acceleration of bone resorption, lowering of blood level of phosphorus, lowering of urine level of calcium, increase of urine level of cAMP, and renal activation of hydroxylase at the 1-position of vitamin D, have recently been reported [Horiuchi, et al., Science, Vol. 238, 1988; Kemp, et al., Science, Vol. 238, 1988]. It is known that PTH fragments which lack several amino acids at the amino terminal and carboxy terminal of PTH, such as PTH (3-34), PTH (7-34) or their derivatives inhibit the PTH action, and they are useful as PTH antagonists. Similar inhibitory action has also been reported on PTHrP fragments [Suva et al., Science, Vol. 237, 893 (1987); Rabbani et al., Report at the Meeting of American Bony Metabology 1988]. European Patent Publication No. 341,962 discloses, as a human humoral hypercalcemic factor (hHGF), PTH derivatives such as hPTHrP(8-34)NH₂, hPTHrP(14-34)NH₂, and the like. However, they show insufficient activity for clinical use. As the result of extensive study for the purpose of obtaining PTHrP derivatives showing more potent PTH antagonistic activity than known PTH or PTHrP derivatives, such as [Tyr³⁴]-hPTH (3-34)-NH₂, hPTHrP (3-34)-NH₂ and [Leu¹¹,D-Trp ¹²]-hPTHrP(7-34)-NH₂, the present inventors have found that a certain class of PTHrP derivatives possess excellent antagonistic activity against PTH. Thus, the present invention provides the peptide derivatives of the following general formula (I): wherein AAA is deletion or Ser, BBB is deletion or Glu, CCC is deletion, Ile which may be optionally substituted at the amino terminal by C₂ -C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group, when CCC is at the N- terminal, Phe, Leu or Lys which is substituted at the ε-position by C₆-C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group and may be substituted at the amino terminal by C₂ - C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group when CCC is at the N- terminal, DDD is Gln which may be optionally substituted at the amino terminal by C₂ - C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group when DDD is at the N-terminal, EEE is Leu or Nle, FFF is Met or Nle, GGG is Ala, Asp or Gln, HHH is Leu or Lys, III is His or Arg, JJJ is His or Lys, Xaa is Ala which is modified at the carboxy terminal with an amino group or the salts thereof. The present invention will be explained in detail below. The peptide derivatives of the invention are represented by the above-mentioned formula (I), i.e., SEQ ID No. 1. In the definition of the formula (I), specific examples of the C₂-C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group are acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, 3-methylvaleryl (3-methylpentanoyl), heptanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, decanoyl, lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl and stearoyl, and the C₅-C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group includes the above-noted groups which contains from 5 to 18 carbon atoms. As previously stated, PTH or PTHrP fragments which lack 2-13 amino acid residues at the amino terminal show antagonistic property against PTH or PTHrP. However, such antagonistic activities are generally weak for practical use. Accordingly, development of peptide compounds having more potent antagonistic activity has long been desired. For this purpose, it is a general procedure to substitute one or more amino acids of PTH or PTHrP and then examine the activity of the resultant products. However, it is very difficult to previously estimate the result of particular substitutions. In addition, substitution of plural amino acids does not always bring about additive or synergistic effect expected from the known results in each substitution. Thus, it is far more difficult to previously estimate the results of a combination of two or more substitutions. Under such circumstances as mentioned above, the inventors of the pesent invention synthesized and investigated a vast amount of PTHrP derivatives and found that the above-mentioned PTHrP derivatives of the formula (I) exhibited very potent antagonistic activity. One of the key elements of the substitution of the amino acid or acids of PTHrP was introduction of a hydrophobic substituent at the 5- and 8- positions of naturally-occurring PTHrP and also substitution of other amino acid or acids so that the increased antagonistic activity due to the just-mentioned introduction of a hydrophobic substitution may be retained or enhanced. Another key element was introduction of a strong hydrophobic substituent into the N-terminal, which was accomplished by introduction of an amino acid bearing a hydrophobic acyl group into the N-terminal. Such substitution as mentioned above appears effective for both increase of activity and stabilization of the derivatives in a living body. Illustrative examples of the PTHrP derivatives of the present invention are those as shown hereinafter in Table 2. These derivatives can also be converted to pharmacologically acceptable salts such as hydrochloride, acetate or the like, without loss of the activity. The abbreviations used in the present specification have the following significances. All the amino acids take L-form, unless otherwise stated. Asp: Aspartic acid Thr: Threonine Ser: Serine Glu: Glutamic acid Asn: Asparagine Gln: Glutamine Gly: Glycine Ala: Alanine Met: Methionine Met(O): Methionine sulfoxide Ile: Isoleucine Leu: Leucine Phe: Phenylalanine Tyr: Tyrosine Lys: Lysine His: Histidine Arg: Arginine Cha: β-Cyclohexylalanine Nle: Norleucine aIle : Alloisoleucine Lys(Pal): ε-palmitoyllysine Lys(Myr): ε-Myristoyllysine Lys(Cap): ε-Decanoyllysine Lys(Hex): ε-Hexanoyllysine Ac: Acetyl Mpa: 3-Methylpentanoyl Hex: n-Hexanoyl Cap: n-Decanoyl Myr: Myristoyl Pal: Palmitoyl Boc: t-Butyloxycarbonyl Z: Benzyloxycarbonyl OcHx: Cyclohexyl ester OBzl: Benzyl ester Bzl: Benzyl Bom: Benzyloxymethyl Tos: p-Toluenesulfonyl Cl-Z: 2-Chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl Bop Reagent : Benzotriazo-1-yl-tris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate The PTHrP derivatives (I) of the present invention can be prepared by repeating the condensation reaction of each protected amino acids in the order of amino acid sequence represented by the formula (I), starting from the C-terminal, in accordance with the solid phase peptide synthesis generally adopted, and then subjecting the resultant protected peptides to acid decomposition, aminolysis or known other procedures for removing the protecting groups and solid carrier used. The derivatives can also be prepared by condensing various peptide fragments according to so-called liquid phase synthetic methods. These general synthetic methods are described in detail in various literatures and text books [Izumiya, et al., "Fundamentals and Practice of Peptide Synthesis", Maruzen, 1985: Gross & Meienhofer, "The Peptides", Vol. 2, Academic Press, 1980]. Solid carriers usable for synthesizing the peptide of the present invention are those conventionally used for the peptide synthesis. Specific examples of the carriers include substituted benzyl type polystyrene resins, hydroxymethylphenylacetamide type polystyrene resins, substituted benzhydryl polystyrene resins and polyacrylamide resins capable of binding to a peptide. The condensation of amino acids can be attained in a conventional manner used for peptide synthesis, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) method, acid anhydride method, activated ester method, or a method using Bop reagent. Protecting groups used for protecting amino acids as starting materials are those already known in the peptide synthesis, which are easily removable by known means such as acid decomposition or the like. Examples of protecting groups for an amino group in the side chain are trifluoroacetyl, benzyloxycarbonyl and substituted benzyloxycarbonyl, such as (ortho- or para-)chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, (ortho- or para-)bromobenzyloxycarbonyl or the like. Protecting groups for an α-amino group are those comparatively instable to an acid and include t-butoxycarbonyl, t-amyloxycarbonyl, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl or the like. A carboxy group is protected by an ester group. Examples thereof are benzyl ester, substituted benzyl ester, alkyl ester such as cyclohexyl ester, cycloheptyl ester or the like. A guanidino group can be used without protection, or in the protected form with nitro or arylsulfonyl, such as tosyl, methoxybenzenesulfonyl, mesitylenesulfonyl or the like. Tosyl, benzyl, dinitrophenyl, benzyloxymethyl or the like may be used for protecting an imidazole. A hydroxy group of serine and threonine can be used without protection or after protection with benzyl, substituted benzyl or the like. An indole group of tryptophane is used without protection or after protection with formyl or the like. The final deprotection and separation of the resultant peptide from the solid carrier can be conducted by the use of dry hydrogen fluoride in the presence of various scavengers. The scavengers mean those generally used for peptide synthesis and illustratively include anisole, (ortho-, meta- or para-)cresole, dimethyl sulfoxide, thiocresole, ethanedithiol, mercaptopyridine and the like. Elongation and deprotection of the resultant peptide can be performed in accordance with FMOC method (Fields et al. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 35 , 16, 1990). Purification of the peptide may be performed by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, reversed phase chromatography under high or low pressure. Purified peptides can be converted into their salts by gel chromatography equilibrated with an aqueous acid solution. The PTHrP derivatives (I) of the present invention may be useful as a therapeutic agent for treating dysbolism associated with calcium or phosphoric acid, such as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and the like, and other related diseases involving PTH or PTHrP. The following detailed examples are presented by way of illustration of certain specific embodiments of the invention. The examples are representative only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any aspect. Example 1. Preparation of Ile-Gln-Leu-Met-His-Asp-Lys-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ile-Gln-Asp-Leu-Arg-Arg-Arg-Phe-Phe-Leu-His-His-Leu-Ile-Ala-Glu-Ile-His-Thr-Ala-NH₂ ([Ile⁵, Met⁸]-hPTHrP (5-34)-NH₂; Compound No. 15 in Table 2): This peptide was synthesized on 1% cross-linked 4-methylbenzhydrylamine polystyrene solid phase carrier (amino group content 0.5 mmol) in accordance with the solid phase synthetic method as previously mentioned. The following amino acid derivatives were used for preparing this peptide. Boc-Ala, Boc-Asp (OcHx), Boc-Asn, Boc-Arg (Tos), Boc-Gly, Boc-Glu (OcHx), Boc-Gln, Boc-His (Bom), Boc-Ile, Boc-Leu, Boc-Lys (Cl-Z), Boc-Met, Boc-Phe, Boc-Ser (Bzl), Boc-Thr (Bzl). Elongation of the peptide chain was performed by repeating the procedure as shown in Table 1. Removal of the solid carrier and protecting group was performed by known HF method. More particularly, the protected peptide bound to polystyrene was reacted with a mixture of 10% p-cresole, 5% dimethylsulfide, and 85% dry hydrogen fluoride at 0°C for one hour, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was washed with ethyl acetate and extracted with 1 M acetic acid. The extract was lyophilized to give crude peptide. The crude peptide was subjected to reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and eluted with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid-acetonitrile in linear gradient. After lyophilization of relevant fractions, the partially purified peptide was subjected to CM Toyopearl 650S (1.5 x 20 cm) in 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 6.0) and eluted with 20 mM-1.0 M ammonium acetate in linear gradient of ion concentration. The fractions containing the peptide was lyophilized, subjected to gel filtration with Sephadex G 25 (1.5 x 40 cm), which was equilibrated with 2% acetic acid, for conversion into the acetate and lyophilized to give the pure product. Yield: 40.0 mg Amino acid analysis: The peptide sample was hydrolyzed in 5.5 M hydrochloric acid at 110°C for 48 hours and subjected to the amino acid analysis. The data within the parenthesis below represent calculated values. Correction for compensating possible decomposition of amino acids during the hydrolysis was not made. Asp: 1.97 (2), Thr: 0.93 (1), Ser: 0.80 (1), Glu: 3.11 (3), Gly: 1.02 (1), Ala: 2.10 (2), Met: 0.94 (1), Ile: 3.74 (4), Leu: 3.98 (4), Phe: 2.06 (2), Lys: 1.91 (2), His: 3.79 (4), Arg: 3.27 (3) Optical Rotation [α 25 / D : -57.4° (C = 0.1, 1 M AcOH) The following peptides listed in Table 2 were synthesized in the same method as in Example 1. Experiment 1. Determination of PTH antagonism PTH antagonism of the PTHrP derivatives (I) of the present invention was determined on the basis of the output of cAMP, using cultured mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1. To a multiwellculture plate of 12-well were inoculated 1 x 10⁵ cells/well of the cultured cells, and the plate was incubated at 37°C under 95% air-5% CO₂ atmosphere for 3 days after addition of α-modified MEM containing 10% semi-fetal bovine serum as a medium. Then, the medium was exchanged with α-modified MEM containing 1% bovine serum albumin and the cultured cells were incubated for 6 hours. The medium was replaced by α-modified MEM containing various concentrations of the compound of the present invention, 5 x 10⁻⁹ M hPTH (1-34), 1% bovine serum albumin and 1 mM isobutylmethylxanthin, and the mixture was incubated for 1 hour. The medium was separated from the cells, and the medium was used as a sample for assaying cAMP. The cells were shaken with 90% n-propyl alcohol to extract cAMP according to Yamaguchi et al., J. Biol. Chem., 262 , 7711 -7718 (1987) for preparing another sample. Assay of cAMP was performed using a commercially available cAMP-radioimmunoassay kit. Tables 3 and 4 below show 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) of the output of cAMP due to the compound of the present invention, when the amount of cAMP produced by 5 x 10⁻⁹ M hPTH (1-34) is regarded as 100%. Compound numbers in the tables correspond to those in Table 2. [Tyr³⁴]-hPTH (3-34)-NH₂ and hPTHrP (3-34)-NH₂, both of which are heretofore known as a PTH antagonist, were used as active controls in Table 3, while Compound No. 15 was used as a control in Table 4. Compound IC₅₀ Ratio (Tyr34)-hPTH(3-34)-NH₂ 1 hPTHrP(3-34)-NH₂ 0.087 Compound No. 1 0.003 Compound No. 2 0.003 Compound No. 8 0.026 Compound No. 15 0.017 Compound IC₅₀ Ratio (Leu11,D-Trp12)-hPTHrP(7-34)-NH₂ 3.91 Compound No. 9 1.02 Compound No. 10 2.24 Compound No. 14 0.922 Compound No. 15 1 Compound No. 16 0.930 Compound No. 17 1.17 Compound No. 18 1.97 Compound No. 19 0.934 Compound No. 20 1.01 Compound No. 21 0.934 Compound No. 22 0.765 Compound No. 25 0.343 As shown in Table 3 above, Compound No. 1 of the present invention showed 50% inhibition at a concentration of below about 1/300 of [Tyr³⁴]-hPTH (3 -34)-NH₂ and at a concentration of about 1/29 of hPTHrP (3-34)-NH₂ when MC3T3-E1 was used. Thus, the PTHrP derivatives (I) of the present invention are useful as a therapeutic agent for treating dysbolism associated with calcium or phosphoric acid, such as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and the like, and other related diseases involving PTH or PTHrP.

Claims: Peptide derivatives of the following general formula (I): wherein AAA is deletion or Ser, BBB is deletion or Glu, CCC is deletion, Ile which may be optionally substituted at the amino terminal by C₂ - C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group when CCC is at the N-terminal, Phe, Leu or Lys which is substituted at the ε-position by C₆ - C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group and may be substituted at the amino terminal by C₂ - C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group when CCC is at the N-terminal, DDD is Gln which may be optionally substituted at the amino terminal by C₂ - C₁₈ alkylcarbonyl group when DDD is at the N-terminal, EEE is Leu or Nle, FFF is Met or Nle, GGG is Ala, Asp or Gln, HHH is Leu or Lys, III is His or Arg, JJJ is His or Lys, Xaa is Ala which is modified at the carboxy terminal with an amino group or the salts thereof. The peptide derivative of Claim 1 wherein AAA and BBB are deletion, CCC is Ile, DDD is Gln, EEE is Nle or Leu, FFF is Met or Nle, GGG is Asp or Ala, HHH is Lys or Leu, III is His or Arg, JJJ is His or Lys. The peptide derivative of Claim 1 wherein AAA and BBB are deletion, CCC is Phe or Leu, DDD is Gln, EEE is Leu, FFF is Met, GGG is Asp, HHH is Lys, III and JJJ are His. The peptide derivative of Claim 1 wherein AAA is Ser, BBB is Glu, CCC is Ile, DDD is Gln, EEE is Leu, FFF is Met, GGG is Ala or Gln, HHH is Leu, III and JJJ are His. The peptide derivative of Claim 1 wherein AAA, BBB and CCC are deletion, DDD is Gln which is substituted at the amino terminal by myristoyl group, EEE is Leu, FFF is Met, GGG is Asp, HHH is Lys, III and JJJ are His. The peptide derivative of Claim 1 wherein AAA and BBB are deletion, CCC is Ile which is substituted at the amino terminal by acetyl or myristoyl group or Lys which is substituted at the ε-position by acetyl group, and substituted at the amino terminal by myristoyl group, DDD is Gln, EEE is Leu, FFF is Met, GGG is Asp, HHH is Lys, III is His, JJJ is His or Lys. The use of the peptide derivatives according to previous claims 1 to 6 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical useful as a parathyroid hormone antagonist.

Inventors: KANMERA TATSUHIKO, MINEGISHI TOSHIHIKO, MORI AKIHISA, NAKAO YOSHIHIDE, KANMERA, TATSUHIKO, MINEGISHI, TOSHIHIKO, MORI, AKIHISA, NAKAO, YOSHIHIDE
Applicants: MITSUBISHI CHEM CORP, MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: C07K14
IPC codes: A61K38, C07K14