Ejection seat sequencer

Abstract: An electronic sequencer for an aircraft ejection seat comprising a plurality of sensors (5A, 5B, 5C) for air-speed, temperature, air pressure and acceleration. These sensors provide, via interface circuitry (10, 14, 15), signals in digital electronic form to a microprocessor (20) which, when appropriate, initiates various functions of the ejection seat, such as the deployment of drogue and main parachutes and release of seat harness. The sensors (5A, 5B, 5C) and main components (20, 24, 26, 28, 30) of the microprocessor are provided in triplicate and the microprocessor uses a polling procedure to obtain a high level of reliability of operation.

Description: THIS INVENTION relates to a sequencer for an aircraft ejection seat, that is to say a controlling device which controls the sequence in which particular events in the functioning of such a seat take place in accordance with the conditions under which ejection occurs. Typical events in such a sequencing include the deployment of a drogue chute, the deployment of a main chute and the release of the seat proper from the airman after the latter has become fully supported by the main chute. The desired sequence and timing of such events varies in accordance with the conditions under which ejection occurs. Thus, for example, where ejection occurs at high altitude, it is desirable to wait until the seat, with the airman, has reached a lower altitude, where the air is dense enough to be breathed and where temperatures are not excessively low, before deployment of the main chute, since excessive delay in the airman reaching such a lower altitude may result in frostbite and/or oxygen starvation. Conversely, if ejection occurs at low altitude, it is clearly desirable that the main chute should be deployed as soon as possible, consistent with the air speed of the airman and seat, at the time of such deployment, being sufficiently low to avoid damage to the main chute and/or injury to the airman. It is known to provide control means, adaptable to such varying conditions, and which are primarily mechanical in construction and operation and such mechanical sequencing arrangements have, indeed, reach a high level of sophistication and reliability. However, such mechanical systems are expensive to manufacture and are relatively heavy and bulky. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic sequencing arrangement for an aircraft ejection seat which can be manufactured more cheaply than the known mechanical arrangements, is more compact and less bulky than such known arrangements and which can, in addition, have improved reliability over such mechanical arrangements. US-A-4792903 discloses electronic sequencing means for an aircraft ejection seat comprising two identical sets of sensors, each set of sensors comprising a plurality of sensors for determining air-speed, air pressure and acceleration. The sequencing means includes a respective microprocessor for each said set of sensors, a respective analog to digital conversion means for each said set of sensors and multiplexing means for each said set of sensors for passing to the respective microprocessor, on an input bus, data representing the quantities sensed by the associated sensors. Each microprocessor has respective associated read-only memory (ROM) storing a program for the microprocessor, respective random access memory (RAM), an associated port and a respective output bus extending from the microprocessor to function-initiating means for initiating parachute deployment. IEEE 1988 NAECON Proceedings, Dayton, May 23-27 1988, vol 3, USA, pages 874-880 discloses a three-channel ejection seat sequencer in which each channel comprises pitot and static pressure sensors and respective electronic processing means and wherein a two-out-of-three polling procedure is conducted among the channels to determine the response of the sequencer, and thus the timing of parachute deployment, etc. It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved microprocessor-based electronic sequencing arrangement. According to the invention there is provided electronic sequencing means for an aircraft ejection seat comprising a plurality of sensors for air-speed and/or temperature, and/or air pressure, and/or acceleration, said sensors being arranged to provide output signals in electrical form, digital electronic processing means, means for presenting the signals from said sensors in digital electronic form to said processing means and function-initiating means controlled by signals from said processing means, for initiating respective functions in relation to said ejection seat, such as the deployment of parachutes, release of seat harness or the like, said processing means incorporating program means whereby the timing and sequence of initiation of such functions is determined by said processing means in accordance with the signals from said sensors, characterised in that said sensors are triplicated and said processing means comprises three microprocessors, each connected with a respective set of said sensors, the electronic sequencing means being arranged to conduct a polling procedure in the event that conflicting output signals are provided by said microprocessors, whereby said function-initiating means will only treat a signal indicating initiation of a respective function as valid if at least two out of the three microprocessors provide said signal, said means for initiating functions including two sets of electrically operable squibs and said function initiating means includes, for each of a plurality of functions, a pair of said squibs, one from each of said sets, and a respective means activatable by firing of either or both of the squibs of the respective pair, said function initiating means including two similar sets of electronic circuitry, each said set of circuitry controlling a respective one of said two sets of electronically operable squibs, each said set of circuitry receiving output signals from all three of said microprocessors and being arranged to carry out said polling procedure independently of the other said set, whereby failure of either of said sets of circuitry or of either of said sets of squibs need not lead to operational failure. An embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- FIGURE 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electronic sequencing means embodying the invention, and FIGURES 2 a to 2 d show in more detail respective parts of a schematic circuit diagram of part of the circuitry of Figure 1. Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, the ejection seat (not shown) comprises three sets of sensors, 5A, 5B, 5C each set comprising seven sensors 5, with each sensor in each set performing the same function as a corresponding sensor in each of the other two sets so that each sensor is triplicated. Each set of sensors may include a pressure sensor for barometric pressure, serving as an altimeter, a temperature sensor, further pressure sensors associated with respective pitots for sensing air speed and sensors for sensing acceleration or deceleration along each of three mutually perpendicular axes, and a temperature sensor for software temperature compensation of pressure sensors and accelerometers. Each sensor is connected with respective amplifying, etc. circuitry, herein referred to as signal conditioning circuitry and indicated at 10 in the drawing, each circuit 10 providing a respective analogue output to a respective input of a multiplexer 14, having an output connected to a respective circuit 15 comprising, in combination, an analogue to digital converter and a sample and hold device. Each circuit 15 provides, for example on a 16-way parallel input bus 17, an input to a respective 16 bit central processor unit 20 having a non-volatile program memory 22, RAM 24, timers 26, a serial input/output facility 28 and a parallel input/output facility 30. Each microprocessor so constituted repeatedly monitors the outputs from the respective set of sensors and, in accordance with the program stored in the respective non-volatile memory 22 and the respective inputs applied thereto via the serial and parallel ports 28, 30, makes decisions as to whether and when particular steps in the operational sequence of the ejection seat should be initiated, such decisions being embodied in coded commands carried on 9-way outputs from the parallel ports to circuitry indicated at 50, each of said outputs being represented by a respective line 32 in Figure 1. The circuitry 50 is arranged, in effect, to implement commands from the three microprocessors only when at least two out of these three commands correspond. Thus, the circuitry 50 effectively polls the microprocessors and operates the ejection seat mechanisms in accordance with the result of the poll. Also, software voting takes place between processors 20 via dual redundant serial links 33. The various mechanisms of the seat are initiated in known manner, by pyrotechnic devices or squibs, which, when initiated, produce, over a limited period, high pressure combustion gases for operating the respective mechanisms. These squibs are initiated electrically by the output from the circuitry 50 which is illustrated in more detail in Figure 2. The circuitry of Figure 2 comprises four blocks 60 of decoding circuits, each block comprising three micro-circuits, each micro-circuit having a respective set of input terminals, each set being connected with respective conductors of a respective one of the three output buses 32 from the microprocessor output ports. Each circuit 60, in accordance with the "polling" rationale noted above, is arranged to supply signals to respective sets of output devices which in turn are capable of providing electrical initiation of the respective squibs referenced S1 to S9 in Figure 2. The squibs, or the initiators therefor are each duplicated, for the sake of reliability, so that in "normal" operation of the apparatus if, for example, all three microprocessors agree on an action to be initiated, which involves the firing of the squib referenced S2A, not only will that squib be fired but also the squib S2B duplicated therewith. Each squib S1 to S9 is arranged, in known manner, to be fired by passing electrical current therethrough from one terminal thereof to another. One such terminal (not shown) of each squib is connected to earth whilst the other terminal of each squib is connected to the source of a respective FET 70 having its drain connected to the source of a respective further FET 70 having its drain connected to a supply rail 65 so that each squib is connected, in series with a respective pair of FETs 70, between the power supply rail and earth. For enhanced reliability separate power supplies 67A and 67B are provided for the squibs with suffix A and for the squibs with suffix B. Each FET 70 has its gate connected to the output of a respective buffer amplifier 71 having its input connected to a respective output of a decoder device 60. For increased reliability of operation, the buffers of the respective pair of FETs connected with any of the squibs S1A, S2A, ... S1B, S2B ... have their inputs connected to respective outputs of different decoder devices 60. Consequently, in the event of an inconsistency between the outputs of the devices 60 serving a squib in the bank of squibs S1A, S2A ... etc., for example, that squib will not be fired, although the parallel squib in the other bank may, (assuming that there is no such inconsistency in the outputs from the decoder devices 60 serving that other bank). In addition to following the decision-making routine set out above, the program followed by each microprocessor may include subroutines adapted to compensate for inaccuracies or drift in the sensor outputs with changing physical conditions, such as temperature, pressure, acceleration along particular axes and so on. Thus, for example, the pressure sensors may be of the solid-state semiconductor type, which are markedly temperature dependent, and the microprocessors may be arranged effectively to apply corrections to signals from the pressure sensors in accordance with signals from the temperature sensors, utilising a look-up table in memory, in a manner known per se .

Claims: Electronic sequencing means for an aircraft ejection seat comprising a plurality of sensors (5) for air-speed and/or temperature, and/or air pressure, and/or acceleration, said sensors being arranged to provide output signals in electrical form, digital electronic processing (20-30, 50) means, means (10,14,15) for presenting the signals from said sensors in digital electronic form to said processing means and function-initiating means (60,70,71 and S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B) controlled by signals from said processing means, for initiating respective functions in relation to said ejection seat, such as the deployment of parachutes, release of seat harness or the like, said processing means incorporating program means whereby the timing and sequence of initiation of such functions is determined by said processing means in accordance with the signals from said sensors, characterised in that said sensors (5) are triplicated and said processing means comprises three microprocessors (20-30), each connected with a respective set (5A, 5B, 5C) of said sensors (5), the electronic sequencing means being arranged to conduct a polling procedure in the event that conflicting output signals are provided by said microprocessors (20-30), whereby said function-initiating means (60, 70, 71, S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B) will only treat a signal indicating initiation of a respective function as valid if at least two out of the three microprocessors (20-30) provide said signal, said means for initiating functions including two sets (A,B) of electrically operable squibs (S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B) and said function initiating means includes, for each of a plurality of functions, a pair of said squibs, (e.g. S1A, S1B) one from each of said sets, and a respective means activatable by firing of either or both of the squibs of the respective pair, said function initiating means including two similar sets of electronic circuitry (60), each said set of circuitry controlling a respective one of said two sets of electronically operable squibs (S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B), each said set (60) of circuitry receiving output signals from all three of said microprocessors (20-30) and being arranged to carry out said polling procedure independently of the other said set, whereby failure of either of said sets (60) of circuitry or of either of said sets of squibs (S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B) need not lead to operational failure. Electronic sequencing means according to claim 1, wherein each of said two sets (60) of circuitry comprises two similar blocks of circuitry, each said block having inputs (32) for receipt of such signals from the three microprocessors (20-30), which inputs are connected in parallel, and each said squib (S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B) having associated therewith firing circuitry (70, 71) requiring output signals from both said circuitry blocks in the respective circuitry set for firing of the squib. Electric sequencing means according to claim 2, wherein each said squib (S1A-S9A, S1B-S9B) has two electrical terminals and is firable by passing a predetermined electrical current through the squib from one terminal to the other, means connecting one said terminal to circuit earth, means connecting the other said terminal to the source of a respective first FET (70) having its drain connected to the source of a respective second FET (70) having its drain connected to a current supply rail, said first FET having its gate connected to the output of a buffer amplifier (71) having an input connected with an output from said first block (60) of the respective set of initiating circuitry and said second FET having its gate connected to the output of a buffer amplifier (71) having an input connected with an output from said second block (60) of the respective set of initiating circuitry. Electronic sequencing means according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein each set (5A, 5B, 5C) of sensors comprises sensors (5) for air-speed, temperature, air pressure and acceleration, the sequencing means including a respective analog to digital conversion means (15) for each said set of sensors and multiplexing means (14) for each said set of sensors for passing to the respective microprocessor (20), on an input bus thereof, data representing the quantities sensed by said sensor (5), each said microprocessor (20) having respective associated read-only memory (ROM) (22) storing a program for the microprocessor, respective random access memory (RAM) (24), an associated port (30) and a respective output bus (32) extending from the microprocessor to function initiating means (50), said microprocessors (20) determining, as controlled by said program, the timing and sequence of said functions by the timing and sequence of corresponding signals applied to said output buses (32) via said ports. Electronic sequencing means according to claim 4, wherein each said microprocessor (20) is also in communication with the two other microprocessors via respective ports (28) and wherein software polling is also arranged to take place between said microprocessors (20) in accordance with the associated program.

Inventors: LAKE GEOFFREY RICHARD, LAKE, GEOFFREY RICHARD
Applicants: MARTIN BAKER AIRCRAFT CO LTD, MARTIN-BAKER AIRCRAFT CO. LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: B64D25
IPC codes: B64D25, G05B19