Golf ball

Abstract: A golf ball is provided with evenly and uniformly distributed dimples in a pattern which is governed by repeating polygons such as icosahedral triangles. The dimples are spherical in shape and the aspect ratio of all of the dimples is substantially constant, preferably 0.050. The largest dimples are located just inside the vertexes of the polygons, and the next largest dimples are located at the vertexes so that they are surrounded by the largest sized dimples.

Description: Background This invention relates to a golf ball, and, more particularly, to a golf ball which is provided with a new and unique dimple pattern which provides excellent distance and accuracy. This invention represents an improvement over the golf ball dimple patterns which are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,560,168 and the golf ball dimple patterns which are used on the commercial golf balls sold under the name Wilson Staff™ and Wilson TC²™. Patent No. 4,560,168 describes various icosahedral dimple patterns in which the dimples are arranged so that they do not intersect the six great circles which bisect the sides of the icosahedral triangles. The dimple pattern illustrated in Figures 8A and 8B is used on commercial golf balls which are sold under the name Ultra™. The Ultra™ golf ball is a two-piece golf ball which consists of a solid core and a cover. The Ultra™ dimple pattern includes 432 dimples, and each dimple has the same diameter and depth. Other figures of Patent No. 4,560,168 illustrate using dimples of various sizes on the same ball. The aspect ratio of a dimple is determined by dividing the depth of the dimple by the diameter of the dimple, and column 4, lines 42-45 state that the aspect ratio should be about 0.047 to 0.060, the optimum being about 0.052. The Wilson Staff™ golf ball is a three-piece golf ball which includes a solid core, a layer of elastic windings which are wrapped around the core, and a cover. The dimple pattern of the Wilson Staff™ ball is a 432 dimple pattern which is similar to the Ultra™ pattern except that there are five different sized dimples and the dimples are frusto-conical rather than spherical. The five dimple diameters are 3.94, 3.81, 3.56, 3.43 and 3.18 mm (0.155, 0.150, 0.140, 0.135, and 0.125 inches). The depths of the dimples are 0.180, 0.175, 0.163, 0.157 and 0.147 mm (0.0071, 0.0069, 0.0064, 0.0062, and 0.0058 inches), respectively. The aspect ratio for each of the Wilson Staff™ dimples is therefore 0.046. The Wilson Staff™ dimples are frusto-conical rather than spherical, i.e., the side surface of each dimple is formed by the frustum of a cone or a truncated cone rather than by a portion of a sphere. Prior golf balls sold under the name Pro Staff™ also utilized frusto-conical dimples. The bottom surface of each Wilson Staff™ dimple is flat and the depth of the dimple is measured to the bottom surface. A dimple pattern formed by frusto-conical dimples having different diameters and a constant aspect ratio performs satisfactorily when used on a three-piece golf ball such as the Wilson Staff™ ball. However, such a dimple pattern does not perform satisfactorily when used on a two-piece ball. When the Wilson Staff™ dimple pattern is used on a two-piece ball having the same construction as an Ultra™ golf ball, the resulting ball is significantly shorter than the commercial Ultra™ ball in both carry and total distance (carry plus roll). However, when the depth of the dimples increases as the diameter of the dimples decreases, a two-piece ball with frusto-conical dimples performs well. The Wilson TC²™ golf ball is a two-piece ball with truncated cone dimples which utilizes that principle. In the golf ball described in U.S. Patent No. 4,560,168 and in the Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ golf balls, the dimples are arranged so that various sized dimples are located throughout the icosahedral pattern. For example, Figures 11A and 11B of the patent the largest dimples are located at dimple positions 3 and 4. In the Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ balls the largest dimples are located just inside the apexes of the icosahedral triangles. Summary of the Invention It has been found that excellent results can be obtained with a golf ball as defined in claim 1. Description of the Drawing The invention will be explained in conjunction with an illustrative embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, in which -- Figure 1 is a polar view of a prior art golf ball sold under the name Ultra™; Figure 2 illustrates one of the icosahedral triangles of the prior art golf ball of Figure 1 and lists the dimple diameter or chord and the depth for each dimple; Figure 3 illustrates the method of determining the dimple diameter or chord and the depth of a dimple; Figure 4 is a polar view of a prior art golf ball sold under the name Wilson Staff™; Figure 5 illustrates one of the icosahedral triangles of the prior art golf ball of Figure 4 and lists the dimple diameter or chord and the depth for each dimple; Figure 6 is a fragmentary cross sectional view through one of the dimples of the prior art golf ball of Figure 4; Figure 7 is a polar view of a prior art golf ball sold under the name Wilson TC²™; Figure 8 illustrates one of the icosahedral triangles of the prior art golf ball of Figure 7 and lists the dimple diameter or chord and the depth for each dimple; Figure 9 is a fragmentary cross sectional view through one of the dimples of the prior art golf ball of Figure 7; Figure 10 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a golf ball formed in accordance with the invention; Figure 11 is a polar view of a golf ball formed in accordance with the invention; Figure 12 illustrates one of the icosahedral triangles of the golf ball of Figure 11 and lists the dimple diameter or chord and the depth for each dimple; Figure 13 is a fragmentary cross sectional view through one of the dimples of Figure 11; and Figures 14 through 21 are views similar to Figures 11 and 12 which show slightly different dimple patterns than Figures 11 and 12 and which establish the superiority of the dimple pattern of Figures 11 and 12. Description of Specific Embodiments Figures 1 and 2 represent the dimple pattern of the prior art two-piece Ultra™ golf ball and are essentially reproductions of Figures 8A and 8B of Patent No. 4,560,168. As explained in that patent, the dimples are arranged in an icosahedral pattern, and the solid lines in Figures 1 and 2 represent the sides of icosahedral triangles. The dashed lines are six great circles which bisect the sides of the icosahedral triangles. The dimples are arranged so that they do not intersect the six great circles. All of the dimples in the prior art ball illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 have a constant diameter of 3.43 mm (0.135 inch) and a constant depth of 0.178 mm (0.007 inch). The aspect ratio of the depth divided by the diameter is 0.052. Figure 3 illustrates the method of determining the dimple diameter or chord and the depth of a dimple 20 as the terms "diameter" and "depth" are used herein. A chord line 21 is drawn tangent to the spherical ball surface 22 on opposite sides of the dimple. Side wall lines 23 are drawn tangent to the dimple walls at the inflection points of the wall, i.e., where the curvature of the wall changes sign or where the second derivative of the equation for the curve is 0. The intersections of the side wall lines 23 and the chord line 21 define the edges of the dimple and the chord or diameter of the dimple. The depth of the dimple is measured between the chord line and the bottom of the dimple at its center. For a dimple in the shape of a truncated cone, the inflection point is actually a line segment of a discrete length. Figures 4 and 5 represent the dimple pattern of the prior art three-piece Wilson Staff golf ball 25. The dimples 26 are arranged in an icosahedral pattern and do not intersect the six great circles which bisect the sides of the icosahedral triangles. There are five different sizes of dimples represented by the dimples numbered 1 through 5 in Figure 5, and all dimples have the same aspect ratio of 0.046. The diameters and depths of the dimples are set forth in Table I. Dimple No. Diameter, mm (in.) Depth, mm (in.) Aspect Ratio 1 3.94 (0.155) 0.180 (0.0071) 0.046 2 3.81 (0.150) 0.175 (0.0069) 0.046 3 3.56 (0.140) 0.163 (0.0064) 0.046 4 3.43 (0.135) 0.157 (0.0062) 0.046 5 3.18 (0.125) 0.147 (0.0058) 0.046 Referring to Figure 6, the dimples of the Wilson Staff™ ball are frusto-conical or in the shape of a truncated cone. Each dimple has a conical side surface 27, and the inclination of the side surface relative to the chord line 28 is 13 degrees. Each dimple has a flat bottom surface 29 which extends parallel to the chord line 28. The depth of the dimple is measured from the chord line 28 to the bottom surface 29. The radius of the spherical outer surface 30 is about 21.3 mm (0.84 inch). Figures 7 and 8 represent the dimple pattern of the prior art two-piece Wilson TC²™ golf ball 34. The dimples 35 are arranged in an icosahedral pattern and do not intersect the six great circles which bisect the sides of the icosahedral triangles. There are five different sizes of dimples represented by the dimples numbered 1 through 5 in Figure 8. The depths of the dimples increase as the diameters decrease, and the aspect ratios also increase as the diameter decreases. The measurements of the dimples in Figures 7 and 8 are set forth in Table II. Dimple No. Diameter, mm (in.) Depth, mm (in.) Aspect Ratio 1 3.94 (0.155) 0.127 (0.0050) 0.032 2 3.81 (0.150) 0.132 (0.0052) 0.035 3 3.56 (0.140) 0.137 (0.0054) 0.039 4 3.43 (0.135) 0.142 (0.0056) 0.042 5 3.18 (0.125) 0.152 (0.0060) 0.048 Referring to Fig. 9, the dimples of the Wilson TC²™ ball have the shape of truncated cones. The inclination of the conical side surface relative to the chord line is 11 degrees. The inventive dimple pattern is illustrated in Figures 10-13. Figure 10 shows a two-piece golf ball 38 consisting of a solid core 39 and a cover 40. The cover has an outer spherical surface 41 and a plurality of recessed dimples 42. The particular embodiment illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 includes 432 dimples 43 arranged in an icosahedral pattern. The dimples do not intersect the six great circles 44 which bisect the sides of the icosahedral triangles 45. There are five different sizes of dimples as indicated in Figure 12. The diameters of the dimples in Figure 12 are the same as for the Wilson Staff™ and Wilson TC²™ prior art balls. However, unlike the two-piece Wilson TC²™ ball, the depths of the dimples in Figures 10-13 increase as the diameters increase. Unlike the three-piece Wilson Staff™ ball, which has an aspect ratio of 0.046, the aspect ratio of the inventive ball is constant at 0.050. Each dimple is in the shape of a sphere as illustrated in Figure 13 rather than a truncated cone as in the Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ balls. The depth of each dimple is measured from the chord line 46 to the bottom of the dimple. The measurements of the dimples in Figures 10-13 are set forth in Table III. Dimple No. Diameter, mm (in.) Depth, mm (in.) Aspect Ratio 1 3.94 (0.155) 0.198 (0.0078) 0.050 2 3.81 (0.150) 0.191 (0.0075) 0.050 3 3.56 (0.140) 0.178 (0.0070) 0.050 4 3.43 (0.135) 0.173 (0.0068) 0.050 5 3.18 (0.125) 0.160 (0.0063) 0.050 Referring to Figs. 11 and 12, the largest sized dimples are at dimple positions 1 and 2. The largest dimples are located at dimple position No. 1, which lies just inside the included angle formed by each apex of the icosahedral triangle and is tangent or almost tangent to the sides of the icosahedral triangle. The next largest dimple is at position No. 2 at each of the apexes of the icosahedral triangle. All of the other dimples are smaller. Referring to Figure 11, the six great circles define 12 pentagons and 20 small triangles, forming what is sometimes called an icosadodecahedron pattern. The apexes of five icosahedral triangles meet at the center of each pentagon. Dimple position No. 2 is in the center of each pentagon, and each No. 2 dimple is surrounded by five No. 1 dimples. The prior art Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ balls illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 and 7 and 8 have the same arrangement of dimples as that illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. However, dimples of the Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ balls were truncated cones rather than portions of spheres, and the dimples did not have a constant aspect ratio of 0.050. Figures 14-20 illustrate the dimple patterns of four sample golf balls which were made in order to find the optimum dimple pattern. The dimple pattern of Figures 14 and 15 has four different sized dimples with a constant aspect ratio of 0.052. The largest dimples are located in dimple position Nos. 2, 4, and 5. The dimple pattern of Figures 16 and 17 has six different sized dimples with a constant aspect ratio of 0.052. The biggest dimples are located in dimple position No. 2. The dimple pattern of Figures 18 and 19 has three different sized dimples with a constant aspect ratio of 0.052. The biggest dimples are located in dimple position Nos. 2, 4, and 5. The dimple pattern of Figures 20 and 21 has six different sized dimples with a constant aspect ratio of 0.052. The biggest dimples were located in dimple position Nos. 2 and 7. The performance of the dimple pattern illustrated in Figs. 10-13 was demonstrated by comparative tests referred to in Tables IV and V in which the Ultra™ commercial golf ball was used as the control. All of the balls were two-piece balls which had 432 spherical dimples. Sample Nos. 1 and 6 were injection molded, and Sample Nos. 1A and 2-5 were compression molded. Sample No. 1 was the Ultra™ prior art golf ball in which the chord and depth was the same for all dimples. Sample No. 1A used the same dimple pattern but was compression molded. Sample No. 2 used the dimple pattern illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. Sample No. 3 used the dimple pattern illustrated in Figures 16 and 17. Sample No. 4 used the dimple pattern illustrated in Figures 18 and 19. Sample No. 5 used the dimple pattern illustrated in Figures 20 and 21. Sample No. 6 used the dimple pattern illustrated in Figures 10-13. Table IV includes the dimple information for the samples. Sample Chord, mm (in.) Depth, mm (in.) Aspect Ratio Dimple Shape No. 1 (Ultra™) 3.43 (0.135) 0.178 (0.0070) 0.052 Spherical No. 1A 3.43 (0.135) 0.178 (0.0070) 0.052 Spherical No. 2 4.32 (0.170) 0.224 (0.0088) 0.052 Spherical 3.18 (0.125) 0.165 (0.0065) 2.79 (0.110) 0.145 (0.0057) 2.54 (0.100) 0.132 (0.0052) No. 3 4.06 (0.160) 0.211 (0.0083) 0.052 Spherical 3.81 (0.150) 0.198 (0.0078) 3.56 (0.140) 0.185 (0.0073) 3.43 (0.135) 0.178 (0.0070) 2.79 (0.110) 0.145 (0.0057) 3.05 (0.120) 0.157 (0.0062) No. 4 4.32 (0.170) 0.224 (0.0088) 0.052 Spherical 3.05 (0.120) 0.157 (0.0062) 2.54 (0.100) 0.132 (0.0052) No. 5 4.32 (0.170) 0.224 (0.0088) 0.052 Spherical 4.06 (0.160) 0.211 (0.0083) 3.56 (0.140) 0.185 (0.0073) 3.30 (0.130) 0.173 (0.0068) 3.05 (0.120) 0.157 (0.0062) 2.54 (0.100) 0.132 (0.0052) No. 6 3.94 (0.155) 0.198 (0.0078) 0.050 Spherical 3.81 (0.150) 0.191 (0.0075) 3.56 (0.140) 0.178 (0.0070) 3.43 (0.135) 0.173 (0.0068) 3.18 (0.125) 0.160 (0.0063) Sample No. 1 was used as a control for Sample No. 6. Both balls were injection molded. Sample No. 1A was used as a control for Sample Nos. 2-5. All balls were injection molded. Table V compares the average carry distance and total distance in yards for Sample Nos. 2-6 with the distance for their respective control, either Sample No. 1 or Sample No. 1A. Thirty balls of each sample were hit with a True-Temper™ golf machine using a metal driver and a club head speed of 150 feet per second. Only the balls which landed in the fairway were measured. Sample No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 Carry Avg. Diff. from Control 0.0 0.2 -0.8 -1.8 -2.6 2.0 Total Avg. Diff. from Control 0.0 -4.6 -3.3 -4.2 -5.1 5.2 Table V indicates that the only sample which was longer in total distance than the control was Sample No. 6, which was formed in accordance with the invention. The primary difference between Sample No. 6 and Sample Nos. 2-5 was the location of the largest sized dimples. Referring to Figures 11 and 12, in Sample No. 6 the largest sized dimples were in dimple position No. 1, which was in each of the corners or vertexes of the icosahedral triangles. The next largest sized dimple was in dimple position No. 2, which was at each of the vertexes of the icosahedral triangles and which was surrounded by No. 1 dimples. The dimples in dimple position No. 2 were just slightly smaller than the dimples in dimple position No. 1, and all of the other dimples were smaller than dimple Nos. 1 and 2. Comparing Figure 12 with Figures 14, 16, 18, and 20, the dimple patterns in Figures 14, 16, and 18 also have a dimple located at the vertex of five adjacent icosahedral triangles which are surrounded by five larger dimples. However, Figure 14, 16, and 18 are different from Figure 13 in at least one of several ways: either the five surrounding dimples are not the largest sized dimples, other dimples are at least as large, the center or surrounded dimple is not the next largest sized dimple, etc. Referring again to Figures 11 and 12, the largest sized dimples, dimple nos. 1, form a cluster of five dimples which surround the next largest sized dimple, dimple No. 2. The chord or diameter of dimple No. 2 is 96.8% of the chord or diameter of dimple No. 1. The chord or diameter of dimple No. 3 is 90.3% of the diameter of dimple No. 1, the diameter of dimple No. 4 is 87.1% of the diameter of dimple No. 1, and the diameter of dimple No. 5 is 80.6% of the diameter of dimple No. 1. The dimple pattern of Sample No. 6 also differs from the dimple patterns of Samples Nos. 1-5 by having a constant aspect ratio of 0.050 rather than 0.052. Comparing Figures 11 and 12 with the dimple patterns of the prior art Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ golf balls illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 and 7 and 8, the dimple patterns of the prior art Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ balls also have a cluster of the five largest dimples, dimple No. 1, surrounding the next largest sized dimple, dimple No. 2, and the dimples have the same diameter as the dimples of the inventive pattern. However, the aspect ratio of the Wilson Staff™ dimples was 0.046. The aspect ratios of the Wilson TC²™ dimples varied, the aspect ratio increasing as the diameter of the dimples decreased. Also, the Wilson Staff™ and TC²™ dimples were truncated cones rather than portions of spheres. All dimple dimensions referred to herein refer to the mold dimensions or, equivalently, to an unfinished ball as it comes out of the mold rather than to a painted or otherwise finished ball. The balls are finished in the conventional manner.

Claims: A two-piece golf ball comprising a core (39) and a cover (40) having a spherical surface (41) with dimples (42,43) arranged in an icosahedral pattern defining 20 triangles, the apexes of five triangles each meeting at the center of one of a total of 12 pentagons, the dimples having a circular periphery with diameters of five different sizes of about 3.94 mm, 3.81 mm, 3.56 mm, 3.43 mm and 3.18 mm, the largest dimples being located just inside each of the vertexes of each triangle and the second largest sized dimples being located at the vertexes, characterized in that the dimples (42,43) have a spherical shape and the aspect ratio (ratio of the depth to the diameter of a dimple) of all of the dimples being about 0.050. The golf ball of claim 1 characterized by each of the second largest sized dimples (3.81 mm) at the vertexes of the triangles and the centers of the pentagons, respectively, being surrounded by five of the largest sized dimples (3.94 mm).

Inventors: JONKOUSKI GAIL C, JONKOUSKI, GAIL C.
Applicants: WILSON SPORTING GOODS, WILSON SPORTING GOODS COMPANY
Application year: 1991
Main classification: A63B37
IPC codes: A63B37