Locking device for pneumatic cylinders

Abstract: A fluid actuated locking device for a pneumatic cylinder of the type comprising a first cylinder portion (10) and a second cylinder portion (11) pneumatically reciprocable in respect to the first one. The device comprises a pneumatically actuated U-shaped jaw member (17) connected to one portion (10) of the cylinder and a rod member (12) connected to the other portion (11) of the cylinder, to lock the reciprocation; the jaw (17) is positioned between a thrust member (21) and a reaction member (20) provided with slanted centering surfaces (22) for said jaw (17).

Description: The present invention relates to a pneumatically actuated locking device for stopping the reciprocation movement in rod and rodless types of pneumatic cylinders, by means of which it is possible to exert a considerable instantaneous force so as to lock any moving member connected to the cylinder. At present locking devices for pneumatic cylinders are available, which make use of eccentric or tiltable lock elements which are pushed, pneumatically or by the action of spring means, against the rod of the cylinder. Locking devices for pneumatic cylinders also known which make use of an annular locking element elastically deformed by a set of levers operated by axially movable cam members, to engage a rod. Such locking devices must operate each time an anomalous working condition occurs in the pressurized air supply network, in order to block the movement of the movable portion of the cylinder, or of mechanical parts connected thereto, or in order to perform given functions during an operative cycle. The locking devices of the type referred above have only a limited number of applications owing to their excessively large overall dimensions, and a limited degree of operational reliability; furthermore they are unable to operate in both moving directions of the cylinder and therefore tend to exert excessively high specific locking forces, which compromise the sealing and the proper operation of the cylinder. From DE-A-3810388 it is also known a locking device which constitutes the basis for the pre-caracterizing part of the claim 1. According to the cited document, a locking member firmly rests against a bottom surface; the locking member comprises locking arms having conical surfaces which are extending towards said bottom surface. Therefore no self-centering and no amplifying actions of locking forces are made possible in said known device. A scope of present invention is to provide a locking device for pneumatic cylinders in order to solve the problems arising from previously known locking devices, in particular to reduce the overall dimensions, increase the locking forces while maintaining the specific pressures at sufficiently low levels, and at the same time allowing application of the device to any pneumatic cylinder, with or without a rod, while maintaining a high degree of efficiency in both operative directions. According to the invention, therefore, a pneumatically actuated locking device for locking a rod connected to the piston of pneumatic cylinders has been provided, comprising the caracterizing features of claim 1. A particular embodiment of the invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the example shown in the accompanying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 is a top view of a pneumatic rod-type cylinder provided with a locking device according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a pneumatic cylinder comprising a cylinder barrel 10, or first cylinder portion, in which a reciprocable piston member 11 slide; the piston 11 define a second cylinder portion connected to a rod 12 which protrudes in a sealed manner through an head 13 of the cylinder. 14 denotes a locking, device for stopping and/or retaining the piston 11, as well as an operative member (not shown) connected to the reciprocable portion of the cylinder, in a fixed position according to the requirements; in the example shown, the locking device 14 is directly connected to the end part 13 of the cylinder. It is obvious, however, that the locking device 14 may be differently arranged and provided also in rodless cylinders, and the like. As shown in the enlarged cross-sectional view of Figure 2, the locking device 14 comprises a housing or hollow body 15 defining a chamber 16 open at both ends, through which the rod 12 of the cylinder axially slides. Inside the chamber 16 there is provided a pneumatically actuated locking means comprising an U-shaped locking member 17 having locking arms 17a, 17b peripherally arranged to engage and disengage the rod 12 so as to block its movement instantly. The locking member 17 is positioned between pneumatically actuated control means comprising a thrust piston member 21 and a reaction member 20 provided with centering surfaces and thrust amplifying surfaces means. In particular, the U-shaped locking member 17 comprises lateral arms 17a and 17b and an intermediate bottom portion 17c defining an elastically yieldable connecting member for said arms 17a, 17b. Preferably, said arms 17a, 17b and said bottom portion 17c of the locking member 17 define a circular inner surface 18 which slightly fits against most of the circumferential periphery of the rod 12; the bottom portion 17c of the locking member 17 rests against opposing slanted surfaces 19 of the reaction member 20 which are diverging towards the rod 12 thus maintaining a self-centring arrangement of the locking member 17. The bottom portion 17c of the locking member 17 has a reduced thickness so as to allow elastic yielding of the locking arms 17a, 17b against the rod 12, under the action of the upper thrust member 21 and reaction member 20; therefore, the arms 17a and 17b of the locking member extend in the direction of and towards the thrust member 21, terminating at their ends with opposite slanted surfaces which fit against corresponding slanted surfaces 22 of the above mentioned thrust member 21, to increase the locking forces of the locking member 17 acting on the rod 12 by a sliding forward movement of the thrust member 21. The thrust member 21 is pneumatically operated by a piston 23 reciprocable in an annular chamber 24 inside the body 15. The side of the chamber 24 which is opposite to the thrust member 21 is connected by a duct 25 to an inlet 26 for the pressurized air. A biasing means such as spring 21' acting in the same direction of the pressurized air, may be provided behind the piston 23 of the thrust member 21, as shown in Figure 2, to force the thrust member 21 forward to lock the rod 12 and/or to maintain said rod 12 locked also in absence of pressurized air. Disengagement of the locking member 17 from the rod 12 may be performed, for example, as shown in Figure 2, by providing pneumatically actuated disengaging means; said means comprises a second piston 27 on the side of the reaction member 20 which is opposite to thrust member 21. The piston 27 is reciprocable inside a chamber 28 which may be supplied with a fluid under pressure, for example pressurized air, via a duct 29 and an opening 30 on the side of the chamber 28 which is opposite to the reaction member 20, as shown in figure 2. The piston 27 acts on the thrust member 21, upon release of the pneumatic force, for example by means of pins 31, or any suitable equivalent means, which pins freely pass and slide through holes 32 in the reaction member 20, so as to extend parallelly to the arms 17a, 17b of the locking member 17, towards and against the abovementioned thrust member 21. A biasing spring 33 may be optionally provided between the piston 27 and an end wall portion of the housing 15 so as to push the piston 27 and the thrust member 21 in the disengaged condition of the locking member 17. The operation mode of the locking device is as follows: during normal operation of the cylinder 10, the pressurized air is fed inside the chamber 28 for the piston 27 to deactivate the locking device; in this condition the piston 27 acts, via the pins 31, on the thrust member 21 so as to cause it to slightly move backwards by an amount sufficient to allow disengagement of the jaw 17 and sliding of the rod 12 of the cylinder. When the piston 11 of the cylinder or a movable part connected thereto must be stopped, the pressure is released from the chamber 28 and at the same time the pressurised fluid is supplied into the chamber 24 acting against the piston 23 of the thrust member 21 which, overcoming any reaction of the spring 33, the member 21 slightly advances briefly acting with its slanted surfaces 22 against the correspondingly slanted surface at the outer sides of the ends of both arms of the locking member 17. Since the locking member 17 rest against the slanted surfaces 19 of the reaction member 20, and since the thrust member 21 acts on the opposite ends of the two locking arms 17a, 17b in positions which are spaced apart from the axis of the rod 12 and from the reaction member, an amplifying lever action thus occurs which presses the arms of the locking member 17 firmly against the rod 12, locking it instantly with a force high enough to overcome the reaction even of large fast moving masses. Obviously, the U-shaped locking member 17 is able to extend axially or parallelly to the rod by an amount sufficient to allow high locking forces, while maintaining low specific pressures so as not to harm or cause any damage to the rod itself. In the example illustrated, the spring 27, which acts on the thrust member 21 in opposition to the spring 33, is able to exert a greater force such that the device is operationally in a condition where the rod 12 is locked in the absence of pressurized fluid; however, it is obvious that the arrangement could be reversed, with a device operating under normally disengaged conditions. From the above description and illustration it is obvious that an instantaneous-action locking device for pneumatic cylinders has been provided, which is able to exert significant locking forces which are amplified by a lever action of the arms of the locking member 17, as well as by the action of slanted thrusting surfaces of the member 21. It is obvious, however, that the above and illustration has been given purely by way of a non-limiting example of the principles of the claimed invention.

Claims: A pneumatically actuated locking device for locking a rod (12) connected to the piston (11) of a fluid pressure cylinder (10), said piston rod (12) being slidigly movable relative to said cylinder (10), said device comprising: a housing (15) defining a chamber (16) having opened ends, an U-shaped locking member (17) within said chamber (16), said U-shaped locking member (17) having locking arms (17a, 17b) peripherally arranged and partially encircling said piston rod (12), and an elastically biased thrust member (21) having oppositely slanted surfaces (22) contacting the slanted surfaces of the locking member arms (17a, 17b), and piston means (27) in said chamber (16) to desengage said locking member (17) from said rod (12), said U-shaped locking member (17) comprising locking arms (17a, 17b) extending from an intermediate bottom portion (17c) towards said thrust member, characterized in that said locking arms comprise spaced apart slanted surfaces for engaging said thrust member (21) at their ends only, said U-shaped locking member (17) resting against a centering reaction member (20) thus resulting in locking forces spaced apart from the axis of the piston rod in order to amplify their locking action; and pneumatically operated piston means (23) within said chamber (16) to urge said thrust member (21) against said U-shaped locking member (17) to clamp said piston rod (12). A device according to claim 1, said U-shaped locking member (17) having parallelly arranged arms, (17a, 17b) characterized in that said control means comprising a thrust piston member (21) and a reaction member (20) which are oppositely located in said chamber (16) of the locking device, said thrust member (21) and said reaction member (20) comprising oppositely slanted surfaces (22, 19) contacting the locking arms (17a, 17b) and the bottom portion (17c) respectively of said locking member (17). A device according to claim 2, characterised in that the arms (17a, 17b) of said locking member (17) comprise a circular inner surface (18) fitting against the peripheral surface of the abovementioned piston rod (12). A device according to claim 2, characterised in that said U-shaped locking member (17) comprises an intermediate bottom portion (17c) of reduced thickness resting against the slanted surfaces (19) of the reaction member (20). A device according to claim 1, characterised in that said control means for actuating the thrust member (21) comprises elastically actuated control means (27). A device according to claim 1, further characterised by comprising second control means (27) oppositely acting to said first control means (23) to disengage the locking member ( 17) from said rod ( 12). A device according to claim 6, characterised in that said second control means (27) comprise pneumatically actuated control means. A device according to claim 7, characterised in that said second control means comprise a piston member, and pin means (31) between said piston (27) and the thrust member (21) mentioned above. A device according to claim 8, characterised in that said pins (31) are slidingly arranged through guide holes in the reaction member (20).

Inventors: MIGLIORI LUCIANO, MIGLIORI, LUCIANO
Applicants: UNIVER SPA, UNIVER S.P.A.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: F15B15
IPC codes: F15B15