Line fisher for use in anchor laying

Abstract: This invention concerns a system for the casting of anchors meant for the mooring of floating oil producing and/or drilling platforms, for which an anchor laying craft is used, whose general arrangement consists of a deck with wells for anchors, a capstan for dealing with chains, cable drums of an improved kind, lockers for the stowing of chains built into the underside of the deck of the craft, which are led by a capstan from such lockers or back to them, along hawsepipes, and drums for winding cables, mounted on a bed. When a floating platform is being moored, an improved laying device is used which prevents any slipping or dropping after each platform chain has been fastened to the previously laid line whenever the latter has to be lowered to its place in the sag. The invention also provides an improved line fisher.

Description: This invention concerns a line fisher for the casting of anchors intended to moor floating drilling and producing oil rigs. The conventional method of mooring floating offshore drilling and production platforms, particularly when intended for use in deep waters, uses a combination of chains and large gauge cables. Usually at least eight mooring lines are needed, and two main winches are needed for each mooring line. Some examples of systems most used are described in FR-A-2208373, US-A-3985093, US-A-3967572 and US-A-4722293. In the conventional system the chains, cables and anchors are stored on board the platform and they are dropped by transferring the anchor, already fastened to its chain, into a special kind of tug with the aid of a device known as an anchor chaser tied to a tug hawser. After such transfer the tug travels away from the platform to wherever it has been agreed upon beforehand that the anchor is to be dropped, thereby towing the chain that the windlass on the platform has released. After an agreed length of chain has been paid out, if the system is not of the continuous kind, the chain is tied to the steel cable (on the platform) and work goes ahead, this time with the aid of the capstan for the cable whereupon, at the spot where the anchor is to be taken hold, it is lowered and the chaser retrieved. To do this requires a very strong tug, able to make its way against the weight of the anchor and the sag of the cable and chain. Experience has shown that the ideal minimum requirements to keep a production rig in place consist of -- working from the sea bottom upwards - - an anchor, a fast length of chain, an intermediate length of cable, a second length of chain, a fairlead, a windlass, and a locker for the second length of chain. The foremost advantage of this system is that the platform is moored by the chain, instead of by the cable as in the conventional system, and therefore corrosion and metal fatigue troubles are reduced. However to put this system into effect meant having to overcome the problem of casting anchors, for which the conventional methods could not be employed; all solutions so far devised turned out to be extremely costly and complicated. It has been proposed to lay the lines in advance and to chase for the anchor later when the platform is to be moored. This invention aims to produce an improved line fisher for use in mooring a platform where a previously laid chain is to be recovered for connection to moor the production platform. Accordingly the present invention provides a line fisher for use in an anchor-laying process and characterised by consisting of a sheave and crown fixed by means of a spindle which passes through a body a part of which is reinforced in the shape of an inverted groove; the body being provided with a hoisting eye at the front part there of; and by the fact that said body has a front part which is more open in order to guide the chain, and a back part having a guiding nozzle and stop which prevents a triple link of the chain from passing through said guiding nozzle. Further objects, features and advantages of this invention will be easier to follow from the detailed description thereof given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which form part of this specification. In the drawings:- FIGURE 1 is a view of the improved line-fishing tool used for a platform mooring system; FIGURE 2 is a partly sectional view of the line-fishing tool shown in Figure 1; FIGURE 3 is a view showing how the improved line-fishing tool on the platform is installed; and FIGURES 4A-4D are views showing how the improved line-fishing tool of this invention works. Whenever any part of a mooring line undergoes regular checking or replacement the conventional procedure requires the anchor to be displaced, this being done with the aid of an anchor chaser; after this the required length of line is pulled in from the platform. Such work calls for a high-powered tug, particularly to relay the line afterwards, and there are several disadvantages, the more so if cables have to be changed. Where the lines are laid beforehand, as in a recently proposed platform mooring system, the same anchor recovery work can be done with a laying craft in a simpler way, by hoisting upon a line at the point where the second part of the platform chain joins the cable (middle part of the line), for which an improved line fisher 49 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is used. The line is untied at such point, and the chain is given up and hauled up on to the platform, while the previously laid part is picked up by the laying craft. Any change of line parts, including the platform chain (second part) can be done successively with the chain stowed on board the laying craft. The line fisher 49 consists of a sheave and crown 50 held in place by a spindle 51 which passes through the body 52 of the line fisher, there being in the upper half of the line fisher, in the reinforced part thereof, a hoisting eye 53 in the shape of an inverted groove which slides over the chain, a flared front part 54 which acts as a guide, and a nozzle-shaped back part 55 through which only one link at a time of the chain can pass. As shown in Figure 3, such improved line fisher 49 is fitted into the platform chain (second part) below fenders 56 lying at the water line of the floating platform and is fastened to the platform by means of a hanging cable 57. To use it, the hanging cable 57 is delivered (with the aid of a crane) to laying craft lying close to the platform on which the hanging rope is fastened to the cable of the main drum of the platform capstan, and by means of which it is lowered until it gets to the meeting point. As the line fisher 49 is lowered the laying craft is shifted along the route of the line so as to keep the cable more or less vertically over the line fisher 49. When the nozzle 55 gets to the first triple link 39 (Figure 4A) of the fastening, the line fisher will be in place for hoisting. The laying craft should continue to travel along its route and reach a position where it is able to pull the line fisher 49 towards the lowest side of the sag (Figure 4B), whereupon the groove will lift and the hoisting eye 53 will wrap the chain around, and fit it into, the sheave crown 50 as the line is being hoisted (Figure 4C). Upon reaching the surface, the triple link 39 is fastened to the chain (or extension) of the laying craft, the weight of line being transferred to the craft. The line fisher 49 is fastened directly on to a block and tackle or other holding means; the cable of the line fisher is unfastened and tied to the triple link 26 where the chain part 40 joins the previously laid cable (Figure 4C). Then the part 40 of the chain is unfastened and put on to the craft 1 and, where a procedure opposite to that described above is concerned, previously laid line is fastened to the platform, it is returned to the end of the chain together with the line fisher on to the platform. The laying craft then picks up the laid cable while getting closer to the platform, fastens and transfers the end of the previously laid cable that is to be recovered, to the extension cable of the second main drum (then empty) so as to start recovery work. All work after this is a repetition of what has already been described above, including lowering of the line already fastened to the platform, down to the level of the sag, at the end of the operation.

Claims: A line fisher for use in an anchor-laying process and characterised by consisting of a sheave and crown (50) fixed by means of a spindle (51) which passes through a body a part (52) of which is reinforced in the shape of an inverted groove; the body being provided with a hoisting eye (53) at the front part there of; and by the fact that said body has a front part (54) which is more open in order to guide the chain, and a back part (55) having a guiding nozzle and stop which prevents a triple link of the chain from passing through said guiding nozzle.

Inventors: FUJITA TOKUME, FUJITA, TOKUME
Applicants: PETROLEO BRASILEIRO SA, PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS
Application year: 1991
Main classification: B63B21
IPC codes: B63B21