Projection display device

Abstract: In a projection display device based on one or more (twisted nematic) LCDs (4), simple temperature compensation is possible by optimizing the d.Δn value (n) at the maximal operating temperature. The associated transmission/voltage characteristics at different temperatures then extend substantially parallel so that it is possible to compensate for temperature changes by means of a simple voltage compensation.

Description: The invention relates to a projection display device comprising at least one liquid crystal display device having a central wavelength λ, said display having a layer of liquid crystalline material between two supporting plates provided with electrodes which define at least one pixel, via which electrodes a voltage can be applied across the pixel, the device being also provided with means for correcting the value of an applied voltage in dependence on the temperature. Such a device is disclosed by WO-A-8 906 417. A device of this type is used, for example, in projection television and for other video applications. The invention also relates to a projection display device. When using liquid crystal display devices for colour projection display, a display panel having, for example, red, green and blue pixels on one panel can be used. The optical system for this device is simpler than for devices in which a separate display device is used for each colour and in which the resultant pictures are projected one across the other on a screen. In the latter type it is possible to design each panel optimally from an optical point of view by optimizing for each of the three colours the optical path length d.Δn (d: thickness of liquid crystal layer; Δn: difference in refractive index between ordinary and extraordinary wave) for the central wavelength associated with this colour. At the central wavelength for red, green and blue λ R , λ G and λ B such thicknesses d R , d G , d B and Δn values Δn R , Δn G and Δn B are chosen that d R .Δn R λ R = d G .Δn G λ G = d B .Δn B λ B = 0.87 (or the value of another Gooch and Tarry extremum). This can be effected, for example, by varying the cell thickness for a selected material having a given Δn or by selecting a different liquid crystal material for each colour for a selected fixed thickness. However, this leads to superfluous storage and production control problems. EP-A 0,311,110 describes a solution to these problems, with the transmission for each one of the three colours red, green and blue being optimized by adjusting the polarizers for each colour differently with respect to each other, which polarizers are present at both sides of the layer of liquid crystalline material. The values of d and Δn are then chosen to be such that it holds for green λ G at the central wavelength that: d.Δn = √3.λ G 2 . For parallel polarizers the transmission is zero at zero voltage. For the blue and red light paths the same values of d and Δn are used, but the mutual position of the polarizers is adapted. A first drawback is that the highest value of the transmission for blue and red is not optimum because the polarizers are no longer parallel. Moreover, it appears that an adaptation of the polarizer positions is necessary due to the temperature dependence, notably of Δn, at temperature variations (particularly an increase of temperature which may be caused by the high beam intensity in projection display). This is effected in the relevant device by rotating the polarizers with respect to each other so that also for the green beam they are no longer parallel, which has a detrimental effect on the transmission. The influence of the temperature on the transmission curves can be very different due to the different rotations of the polarizers so that for the three different colours the maximum transmission at the highest operating temperature may vary considerably as a percentage of the maximum transmission at room temperature. Moreover, the mechanical adjustment of the polarizers relative to one another is slow and cumbersome. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide. a device of the type decribed in the opening paragraph in which the above-mentioned problems do not occur or hardly occur. It is a further object of the invention to provide a device in which one type of display device is sufficient in the case where three light paths for red, green and blue are used by providing a device which is substantially insensitive to temperature variations. To this end a device according to the invention is characterized in that in at least one of the extreme transmission states the product d.Δn of the thickness d of the layer of liquid crystalline material and the difference in refractive index Δn is chosen in relation to an intended maximum temperature of use to be such that (d.Δn)/λ at the intended maximum temperature of use is 0.76-0.85. The electrodes preferably define a matrix of pixels arranged in rows and columns in which the column electrodes are driven by means of corrected or uncorrected data voltages when a row of pixels is being selectively driven. According to the invention the d.Δn values at the maximum operating temperature are chosen to be such that in the temperature range to be used the variation of d.Δn remains limited to a range in the Gooch and Tarry curve where the transmission for (a) given wavelength(s) does not change or hardly changes, while d.Δn may still change considerably. In fact, the above-mentioned conditions are still satisfied for d.Δn values at 20°C between 0.50 and 0.65 µm. The liquid crystal display device is preferably present between mutually perpendicularly crossed polarizers and the extreme state is light-transmissive. The correction values of the voltages in a device according to the invention are temperature-dependent, but in the range to be used they are hardly dependent on the voltage (the transmission/voltage curves run substantially parallel for different temperatures). These correction values can then be determined in a simple manner by means of, for example, temperature measurement. On the other hand the correction values can be determined with reference to the transmitted light intensity, for example, in a test element located outside the actual display section, which element is continuously held in its extreme transmission state. Light intensity changes caused by temperature changes then define the correction values. Said corrections for temperature changes can be simultaneously superimposed on possible corrections for wavelength-dependent behaviour (in a three-channel system); to have optimum results preferably for the cell passing red light at the maximum operating temperature d.Δn λ =0.87 is chosen. The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to an embodiment and the drawing in which Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically a device according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically the transmission of a display device as a function of d.Δn/λ, Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically transmission/voltage characteristics of a display device according to the invention at different temperatures, while Fig. 4 shows similar characteristics for a conventional display device. Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically a projection display device in which light emitted by a light source 1 is formed to a substantially parallel light beam 3 via a collimator lens 2. The light beam 3 is incident on a liquid crystal display device 4 and is modulated in this device. The modulated light is then projected on a screen 6 via a lens system 5. In this embodiment the liquid crystal display device 4 has two transparent substrates 7 of, for example, glass which are provided with row electrodes 8 and column electrodes 9, respectively. The row and column electrodes are provided with selection voltages and data voltages by the drive unit 12 via drive lines 10, 11. A liquid crystal material 13 is present between the two substrates which are provided with protective coatings and/or orientation layers. The substrates are spaced apart by spacers (not shown) and a sealing edge 14. The liquid crystal display device 4 is also provided with polarizers 15 which cross each other perpendicularly in this embodiment. If a twisted nematic liquid crystal effect with a twist angle of 90° is used, the display device 4 will entirely pass the incident light beam 3 (at voltages below a given threshold), while the light beam is entirely absorbed at a given saturation voltage. Dependent on the voltages at the row and column electrodes the modulated light beam 3′ is passed and subsequently projected. Although in this embodiment a projection device is shown in which only one light path is used, devices are also feasible in which a plurality of light paths and/or light sources (one for each colour) is used. Fig. 2 shows the transmission of a liquid crystalline medium ( c . q a pixel in the display device 4) as a function of d.Δn/λ between crossed polarizers. In this example the liquid crystal material was ZLI 88-1068 of the firm of Merck. For this material Δn at 20°C is approximately 0.12 (at λ = 590 nm). When d = 3.9 µm is chosen, d.Δn = 0.47 µm. At a central wavelength of 590 nm for green light it then holds that d.Δn/λ = 0.87, in other words the display device comprising, for example, 3 light paths is used in the first Gooch and Tarry maximum (point A) for green. With an increasing temperature, however, Δn decreases to such an extent that the display device at 80°C is adjusted, as it were, at point B so that for the same wavelength a maximum transmission remains which is approximately 60% of that at 20°C. By starting from d.Δn/λ = 0.8 (point D) at 80°C according to the invention, in other words by selecting d.Δn ≈ 0.47 µm for the maximum temperature of use, the transmission is substantially maximal at 590 nm. Though d.Δn has increased at 20°C to such a value that d.Δn/λ > 1, the transmission has hardly decreased (point C in Fig. 2). Similar considerations apply to other colours. The associated values of d.Δn at 20°C are now 0.50-0.65 µm (for the conventional colour range). Fig. 3 shows the transmission/voltage characteristics for the green channel in such a display device 4. Here the thickness is approximately 5 µm. It is clearly apparent that the maximum transmission for the different temperatures (20°C, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C) has not changed or has hardly changed. There is a shift in the characteristics, but substantially throughout the range it is such that the curves run parallel; this means that a simple electronic compensation (for example, adding a correction voltage to the column electrodes) may be sufficient. Similar curves hold true in a projection device for the red and blue channels. The adaptation of d.Δn at the maximum operating temperature thus results in the maximum transmission remaining the same throughout the temperature range. As a result, the transmission/voltage curves also remain substantially parallel, in contrast to devices in which d.Δn is optimized at room temperature. In such display devices these curves exhibit a behaviour as is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 4. A simple adaptation by adding a positive or negative correction voltage is not possible in this case. For said correction the device of Fig. 1 has a temperature sensor 16, for example, a thermocouple which supplies a signal via the line 17 to the drive unit 12 in which the corrected data voltage is determined. Instead of the temperature variation the variation in the transmitted quantity of light can also be measured by means of an optical sensor 18 (shown in broken lines) via an extra pixel which is always transmissive. The invention is of course not limited to the example shown, but several variations are possible within the scope of the invention which is defined according to the appended claims. As already stated hereinbefore, it is possible to optimize for one central wavelength when using a single light path and a multicolour display device 4. The optimization shown may also be realised for a liquid crystal material between polarizers which are parallel instead of mutually perpendicular. Other forms of sensors are alternatively possible, such as a bimetal or a temperature-sensitive resistor, diode, or the like.

Claims: A projection display device comprising at least one liquid crystal display device (4) having a central wavelength λ, said display having a layer of liquid crystalline material (13) between two supporting plates (7) provided with electrodes (8, 9) which define at least one pixel, via which electrodes (8, 9) a voltage can be applied across the pixel, the device being also provided with means for correcting the value of an applied voltage in dependence on the temperature, characterized in that in at least one of the extreme transmission states the product d.Δn of the thickness d of the layer of liquid crystalline material (13) and the difference in refractive index Δn is chosen in relation to an intended maximum temperature of use to be such that (d.Δn)/λ at the intended maximum temperature of use is 0.76-0.85. A device as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (8, 9) define a matrix of pixels arranged in rows and columns, in which the column electrodes (9) are driven by means of corrected or uncorrected data voltages when a row of pixels is being selectively driven. A device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid crystal display device (4) is present between mutually perpendicularly crossed polarizers (15) and is light-transmissive in an extreme state. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the maximal temperature of use of the liquid crystalline material (13) is 80°C. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the product d.Δn at room temperature of 20°C is between 0.50 and 0.65 µm. A device as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the correction value for the voltages is determined via temperature measurement in the liquid crystal display device (4), and in that a measured temperature difference is converted into a correction signal. A device as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the correction values for the voltages are determined via light intensity measurement after the light has passed through the liquid crystal display device (4) and in that a measured light intensity difference is converted into a correction signal. A projection display device as claimed in Claim 6, characterized in that the liquid crystal display device (4) also comprises a thermocouple, a temperature sensor (16) or a temperature-sensitive resistor. A projection display device as claimed in Claim 7, characterized in that the display device is provided with an extra pixel.

Inventors: HEYNDERICKX INGRID EMILLIENNE, WIERENGA PETER EDDY, WORTEL FRANCISCUS JOHANNES MAR, HEYNDERICKX, INGRID EMILLIENNE JOANNA RITA, WIERENGA, PETER EDDY, WORTEL, FRANCISCUS JOHANNES MARIA
Applicants: PHILIPS ELECTRONICS NV, PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: G03B21, G09G3, G02F1, H04N5, H04N9, G09F9