Scattering type liquid crystal device

Abstract: A liquid crystal device for controlling scattering of light beams made incident upon a plurality of portions of a liquid crystal layer (4) thereof so as to modulate the light beams, the liquid crystal device including: a first lens array (2a) having lenses disposed to correspond to the portions of the liquid crystal layer, the lenses causing the light beams transmitted from the corresponding portions of the liquid crystal layer to travel toward a focal plane; a mask (6) for shielding scattered light transmitted from the first lens array and as well as allowing non-scattered light to pass through, the mask having a plurality of aperture portions which are formed along the focal plane to correspond to the lenses of the first lens array so as to allow non-scattered light transmitted from corresponding lenses to pass through; and a second lens array (3a) having lenses arranged to correspond to the aperture portions of the mask, the lenses substantially collimating the non-scattered light transmitted from corresponding aperture portions of the mask.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a scattering type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1. A scattering type liquid crystal device has a liquid crystal layer which uses dynamic scattering mode liquid crystal (DSMLC), polymer droplet liquid crystal (PDLC) or polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) to control scattering of light. Related Background Art A direct viewing type display apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 using a device of the above-described type has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-98631 and projection type display apparatuses each using a device of the above-described type have been respectively disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-99751 and U.S. Patent No. 4613207. The projection type display apparatus of this type has been arranged in such a manner that its projection optical system has a mask having apertures in order to shield scattered light from the liquid crystal device and to direct non-scattering light to the screen. However, there arises a problem in that a large quantity, which cannot be neglected, of scattered light passes through the apertures formed in the mask and it is made incident upon the screen, causing the quality of the image formed on the screen to be deteriorated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved scattering type liquid crystal device. This object is achieved by a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising the features of claim 1. Further improvements are the subject of the dependent claims. Since the liquid crystal device according to the present invention is capable of shielding scattered light by a mask thereof at a position adjacent to the liquid crystal layer, scattered light travelling from the device toward the screen can be significantly reduced and thereby the quality of a formed image can be improved when it is applied to a projection type display apparatus. Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will be understood more fully from the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view which illustrates an essential portion of the structure of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention; Fig. 2 illustrates an optical principle when an enlarged projected image is formed by using the liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan view which illustrates the structure of the aperture mask shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 4 to 6 respectively illustrate the structures of first to third embodiments of a projection type display apparatus by using the liquid crystal display device shown in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a fourth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention; Figs. 8A and 8B are graphs which illustrate reflection characteristics of a reflecting film of a dichroic prism, where Fig. 8A is a graph which illustrates the reflection characteristics of a red reflecting film; Fig. 8B is a graph which illustrates the reflection characteristics of a blue reflecting film; Fig. 9 is a partial side elevational cross sectional view which illustrates the structure of a reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device; Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a fifth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a sixth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a seventh embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view which illustrates an eighth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention; Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a ninth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view which illustrates an essential portion of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Fig. 2 illustrates an optical principle of a function of forming an enlarged projected image by using the liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view which illustrates the structure of an aperture mask 6 shown in Fig. 1. The liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 1 comprises an active matrix scattering type liquid crystal plate 4, three glass plates 1 to 3 and an aperture mask 6. The scattering type liquid crystal plate 4 is disposed between the first transparent glass plate 1 and the second transparent glass plate 2, while the aperture mask 6 is disposed between the second glass plate 2 and the third transparent glass plate 3 so that an emission panel is constituted. The liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment is arranged in such a manner that the first glass plate 1 is made to be the light incidental side and the third glass plate 3 is made to be the light emission side. Furthermore, the portion of the second glass plate 2 adjacent to the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4 (light incidental side) and the portion of the third glass plate 3 adjacent to the light emission side are provided with first and second lens arrays 2a and 3a each of which is composed of a configuration of a plurality of lenses of a graded-index type which correspond to each pixel of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4 in such a manner that the aperture mask 6 is made to be positioned at their focal points. Furthermore, the aperture mask 6 has a plurality of apertures, each of which, similarly to the first and the second lens arrays 2a and 3a, corresponds to a pixel of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4 in such a manner that they form an array similary to the first and the second lens arrays 2a and 3a. As a result, it constitutes a schlieren optical system in cooperation with the first lens array 2a. The thicknesses of each of the second and the third glass plates 2 and 3 are made to be the same as the focal distances of each of the lens arrays 2a and 3a. Therefore, incident light beam 7, which has passed through the transmission mode pixels of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4 is, as designated by a continuous line shown in Fig. 1, caused to travel while being focused at the aperture portion of the aperture mask 6 by the corresponding lens of the first lens array 2a. Then, it is made to be an emitted light beam 8, which is a parallel beam, by the corresponding lens of the second lens array 3a before it is emitted outwards. In a case where it has passed through the scattering mode pixels of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4, the incident light beam 7 is diffused as designated by a dashed line of Fig. 1 and thereby the major portion of it is shielded by the aperture mask 6. Therefore, the outward leakage of light is prevented. A liquid crystal display device 9 shown in Fig. 2 is structured as shown in Fig. 1. A light beam generated by a light source 11 is made to be a parallel light beam 7 (incident light beam) by a parabolic mirror 10 before it passes through the liquid crystal display device 9 which is a light valve. As a result, it is made to be the emitted light beam 8 which is a parallel image light beam, causing the light incident side to be projected to a screen 14 by a projection lens 13 of telecentric system which is formed on the light incident side while being enlarged. The aperture mask 6 has aperture mask apertures (apertures) 16 which correspond to the pixels of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4, the aperture mask apertures being disposed to form a lattice as shown in Fig. 3. The material and the color of the aperture mask 6 are not limited particularly. However, it is preferable that black be employed because it exhibits excellent light absorption. The optimum aperture area of the aperture mask apertures 16 and the thickness of each of the glass plates 2 and 3 are determined in accordance with the power (the focal distance) of each of the lens arrays 2a and 3a, the parallelism of the incidental light beam 7, the scattering characteristics of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 4 and the size of each pixel. As described above, the liquid crystal device 9 according to this embodiment is arranged in such a manner that the schlieren optical system is formed for each pixel. Therefore, a projection type display apparatus constituted by using the above-described device 9 exhibits excellent performance of removing scattered light in comparison to a conventional device in which a single schlieren optical system is formed for one frame. Therefore, generation of flare and ghost can be prevented satisfactorily. Also in a case where the above-described structure is constituted, the introduction of the portion of the leakage into the adjacent image cannot exceed a level which causes the contrast to be lowered or causes the flare to be generated. Assuming that the parallelism of light emitted from an ordinary light source is ± 5 degrees and as well as the schlieren optical system comprising lens array 2a and an aperature mask 6 is designed to be formed into an optimum structure, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment is 100:1 or more and the worst value of the adjoining interference is 1/200 or less. Fig. 4 is a structural view which illustrates a projection type display apparatus constituted by using the liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2. According to this embodiment, a red image light beam of the light beams generated in the light source 11 illuminates the liquid crystal display device 9R via a red reflecting dichroic mirror 20 and a reflecting mirror 19. A green image light beam and a blue image light beam respectively illuminate liquid crystal display devices 9G and 9B via a red reflecting dichroic mirror 20 and a green reflecting dichroic mirror 21. Each of the color image light beams obtained by illuminating the liquid crystal display devices 9R, 9G and 9B are synthesized by a reflecting mirror 22, a green reflecting and red permeable dichroic mirror 23 and a blue reflecting dichroic mirror 24 before the synthesized light beam is made incident upon a lens 18. The above-described lens 18 constitutes the schlieren optical system in cooperation with an aperture stop 17. Thus, the synthesized illuminating light beam from which scattered light has been further removed is projected on the surface of the screen 14 in an enlarged manner by a projection lens 13 disposed next to the aperture stop 17. According to this embodiment, the projection optical system (13, 17 and 18) is formed into a system the light incident side of which is formed into a telecentric structure. According to this embodiment, the liquid crystal devices 9R, 9G and 9B each including the micro-schlieren optical system and the schlieren optical system composed of the lens 18 and the aperture stop 17 are combined to each other. Therefore, generation of scattered light is further prevented and also the interference (adjoining interference) in the liquid crystal display device can be prevented. As a result, the employed optical devices can be further freely disposed or the dimensions can be determined also freely, causing an effect to be obtained in that the overall size of the apparatus can be reduced. Fig. 5 illustrates the structure of a second embodiment of the projection type display apparatus which employs the liquid crystal display device shown in Figs. 1 and 2. According to this embodiment, a projection type display apparatus is formed into a 3-lens 3-liquid crystal apparatus. A light beam generated in the light source 11 is made to be a parallel beam by the parabolic mirror 10 disposed in the rear of the light source 11. The parallel beam thus-formed is made incident upon the red reflecting dichroic mirror 20 and a blue reflecting dichroic mirror 26 disposed to intersect each other so that it is decomposed into red, blue and green light beams. Each of the red light beam and the blue light beam is returned by the reflecting mirrors 19 and 22 so as to respectively illuminate the liquid crystal display devices 9R and 9B. On the other hand, the green light beam passes through each of the above-described dichroic mirrors 20 and 26 so as to illuminate the liquid crystal device 9G. The color image light beams obtained from each of the liquid crystal display devices 9R, 9G and 9B are respectively made incident upon the lenses 18R, 18G and 18B. The above-described lenses 18R, 18G and 18B constitute a schlieren optical system in cooperation with an aperture stop 17A. As a result, scattered light is removed from each of the image light beams which is, in an enlarged view, then projected on the surface of the transmission type screen 14 by projection lenses 13R, 13G and 13B. Fig. 6 illustrates the structure of a third embodiment of the projection type display apparatus constituted by using the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. According to this embodiment, the liquid crystal display device including the micro-schlieren optical system shown in Fig. 1 is applied to an ordinary optical system which uses a TN type liquid crystal device. Since the structure of the optical system according to this embodiment is arranged similarly to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 except for the omission of the lens 18 and the aperture stop 17, the same reference numerals are given to the same elements and therefore their descriptions are omitted here. Since the liquid crystal display devices 9R, 9G and 9B are individually able to prevent generation of scattered light, the contrast obtainable from the TN type liquid crystal display device can be obtained. Furthermore, since no polarizing plate is used, an advantage can be obtained in that brightness can be doubled even if the same light source is used. Although the liquid crystal display device is arranged to be the active matrix type display device according to the above-described embodiments, a simple matrix type display device may be employed. Furthermore, the structure arranged in such a manner that the graded-index lens disposed in the liquid crystal display device is positioned to correspond to each pixel may be replaced by a structure in which the same is positioned to correspond to a plurality of pixels. Since the liquid crystal display device is arranged in such a manner that the schlieren effect can be generated in each pixel, generation of scattered light in the liquid crystal display device can be reduced. Furthermore, the aperture mask is disposed to confront each pixel so that undesirable light incidence from other liquid crystal display devices and undesirable introduction of leaked light to the adjacent pixels can be reduced or prevented. Since the above-described light shielding function is given to the device level, an image from which flare or ghost has been removed and which thereby exhibits excellent contrast can be obtained in a case where the projection type display apparatus is constituted by using the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Furthermore, since the light shielding mechanism can be reduced from the overall structure of the apparatus, the overall size of the apparatus can be reduced. Furthermore, it can be used in place of the TN type liquid crystal. In this case, since the polarizing plate for use with the TN type liquid crystal is not used, the brightness can be doubled and therefore the light source can efficiently be used. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a fourth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment comprises a light source portion having a light source 11, a parabolic mirror 12 and a lens 33. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display apparatus comprises a dichroic prism 34 in which a red reflecting dichroic film 34R and a blue reflecting dichroic film 34B are intersected to each other. The liquid crystal display apparatus further comprises a red reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35R, a green reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35G and a blue reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35B which are respectively disposed on the three sides of the dichroic prism 34. In addition, the liquid crystal display apparatus further comprises a convergent lens 36 disposed between the dichroic prism 34 and the screen 14. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display apparatus further comprises a first shielding mask 37 disposed adjacent to the convergent point (focal point) of the convergent lens 36 on either side of the convergent point (according to this embodiment, on the illustrated side) to run parallel to the screen 14. In addition, the liquid crystal display apparatus further comprises a reflecting mirror 38 an end portion of which is placed to confront an end portion of the above-described convergent point of the first mask 37 while making a predetermined angle from the same, the reflecting mirror 38 being arranged to reflect light emitted from the above-described light source portion to make it incident upon the convergent lens 36. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display apparatus further comprises a second shielding mask 39 disposed on the same plane as the mirror surface of the reflecting mirror 38, an end portion of the shielding mask 39 being positioned in contact with another end portion of the reflecting mirror 38. The red reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35R is disposed on the side surface of the dichroic prism 34 which confronts the reflecting surface of the red reflecting film 34R. The blue reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35B is disposed on the side surface of the dichroic prism 34 which confronts the reflecting surface of the blue reflecting film 34B. The green reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35G is disposed on the side surface which confronts the incident and emission side of the dichroic prism 34. As shown in Fig. 8A, the red reflecting film 34R of the dichroic prism 34 has reflecting characteristics with which only light (red light beam), the wavelength λ of which is 600 nm or more, is reflected. As shown in Fig. 8B, the blue reflecting film 34B of the dichroic prism 34 has reflecting characteristics with which only light (blue light beam), the wavelength λ of which is 500 nm or less, is refelected. Therefore, the above-described red reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35R receives only the red light beam of white light beam emitted from the above-described light source portion, while the blue reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35B receives only the blue light beam of the above-described white light beam. Furthermore, the green reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35G received only the green light beam of the above-described white light beam. Fig. 9 is a partial side elevational cross sectional view which illustrates the structure of the reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35G and 35B. Each of the reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35G and 35B is structured in which a first glass layer 120, a reflecting mirror layer 121, a scattering type liquid crystal plate 122, a second glass layer 124 and a third glass layer 126 are sequentially stacked in this order, the reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device being a modification made in such a manner that the device shown in Fig. 1 is made to be a reflecting type device. The liquid crystal of the scattering type liquid crystal 122 is polymer droplet liquid crystal (PPLC) or polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC). The liquid crystal of this type can be applied to the device shown in Fig. 1. The surface of the second glass 124, which is allowed to adhere to the scattering type liquid crystal layer 122, has a first graded-index lens array 123 formed to correspond to each pixel. The incident surface of the third glass layer 126 has a second graded-index lens array 127 formed to confront the first graded-index lens 23. Furthermore, the surface of adhesion to be made between the second glass layer 124 and the third glass layer 126 has an aperture mask 125 for absorbing light. The aperture mask 125 has apertures 125 formed in such a manner that each of the apertures 125 confronts the center of the lens of each of the above-described two graded-index lens arrays 123 and 127. That is, when the reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35 is viewed from the incident surface of the third glass layer 126, the aperture 25a of the aperture mask 125 is positioned at the central position of each pixel as shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, as designated by a continuous line of Fig. 9, the parallel light beam made incident upon the light incident surface of the third glass layer 126 and to be applied to one pixel of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 is converged by the lens of the second graded-index lens array 127. Then, the light beam passes through the aperture 125a of the aperture mask 125 before it is again made to be a parallel beam by the lens of the first graded-index lens array 123 so as to be made incident upon the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122. The aperture mask 125 acts in such a manner that it causes the modulated parallel beam to be emitted from the device when the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 is in a transmission mode and it inhibits the light emission from the device when the scattering type liquid crystal plate 22 is in a scattering mode. The aperture mask 125 constitutes a schlieren optical system in cooperation with the above-described two graded-index lens arrays 123 and 127. That is, when the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 is in the transmission mode, the parallel beam made incident upon the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 121. Then, it is, as a parallel beam, emitted from the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 before it is converged at the focal point by the lens of the first graded-index lens array 123. Then, the converged light beam passes through the aperture 125a of the aperture mask 125 before it is returned to a parallel beam by the lens of the second graded-index lens array 127. Then, the parallel beam is emitted from the incident surface of the third glass layer 126. In a case where the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 is in the scattering mode, the above-described parallel beam reflected by the reflecting mirror 121 is made to be scattered light because it is not converged as designated by a dashed line of Fig. 9 even if it passes through the lens of the first graded-index lens array 123 but it is scattered. Therefore, scattered light is substantially absorbed by the aperture mask 25 and thereby it is stopped. The operation of the above-described projection type liquid crystal display apparatus will now be described with reference to Fig. 7. The white light beam emitted from the light source portion composed of the light source 11, the parabolic mirror 12 and the lens 33 is made incident upon the reflecting mirror 38 so that it is reflected to the convergent lens 36. The reflected white light beam is substantially converted into a parallel beam by the convergent lens 36 before it is made incident upon the cross dichroic prism 34. A red light beam of the above-described white light beam made incident upon the cross dichroic prism 34 is reflected by the red reflecting film 34R before it is made incident upon the red reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35R in which it is then modulated in accordance with the red color component of the image. A blue light beam is reflected by the blue reflecting film 34B before it is made incident upon the blue reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35B in which it is modulated in accordance with the blue color component of the image. A green light beam passes through the red reflecting film 34R and the blue reflecting film 34B before it is made incident upon the green reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal device 35G in which it is modulated in accordance with the green component of the image. The red image light beam, the blue image light beam and the green image light beam modulated by the above-described three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G are emitted from the devices since they are reflected by the reflecting mirror layer 121 (sea Fig. 9). As a result, the red image light beam is reflected by the red reflecting film 34R toward the screen 14. The modulated blue light beam is reflected by the blue reflecting film 34B toward the screen 14. The modulated green light beam passes through the red reflecting film 34R and the blue reflecting film 34B. As a result, the color light beams are respectively synthesized before it is emitted from the cross dichroic prism 34 as a substantially parallel light beam. The above-described parallel light beam is converged at a portion adjacent to the aperture portion formed by an end portion of the first shielding mask 37 and an end portion of the reflecting mirror 38 by the convergent lens 36. The light beam, which has passed through the above-described aperture portion, is projected to the screen 14 via a projection lens 30. As a result, the above-described image is projected onto the screen 14 in an enlarged manner. According to this embodiment, the optical system composed of the lenses 30, 36, members 37, 38 and 39 is arranged in such a manner that the light incidental side is a telecentric structure. In this case, the above-described three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G are brought into the scattering mode depending upon the above-described image, causing slight quantity of scattered light, which is unnecessary light, to be emitted from the cross dichroic prism 34. However, a portion of scattered light is absorbed and thereby shielded by the first shielding mask 37 and the second shielding mask 39 or the same is reflected by the reflecting mirror 38 to be returned to the above-described light source portion. Therefore, it cannot substantially be projected onto the screen 14. As a result, in the projection type liquid crystal display device according to this embodiment, the devices 35R, 35G and 35B serve as the masks so that generation of the flare or the ghost in the image projected onto the screen 14 in an enlarged manner due to the above-described scattered light can be reduced. Furthermore, since the schlieren optical system is composed of the convergent lens 36, the first shielding mask 37 and the reflecting mirror 38, the contrast of the image projected onto screen 14 in an enlarged manner can be raised. Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a fifth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment is different from the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus shown in Fig. 7 in that aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 42 is enclosed between the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34 so that each of the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34 are optically coupled. In a case where the brightness of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus is raised, each aperture mask 125 (see Fig. 9) absorbs scattered light emitted from each scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 if a black (dark) image is continued for a long time, causing the temperature of the above-described three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G to be raised. If the temperature is raised excessively, the operation of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 becomes unstable or stopped. Accordingly, the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment is arranged in such a manner that the aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 42 is enclosed between the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34. As a result, the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G are cooled to prevent the temperature rise for the purpose of stabilizing the operation of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 and raising the brightness. Furthermore, since the aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 42 the refraction factor of which is about 1.5 is used, reflection of light taken place between the above-described three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34 can be prevented. Therefore, the deterioration in the image quality can be prevented. Although the aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 42 is employed to optically couple the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34, silicone oil the refraction factor of which is about 1.5 may be used. Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a sixth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment is different from the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus shown in Fig. 7 in that the synthesized image light beam emitted from the convergent lens 36 does not pass through the projection lens when it is projected onto the screen 14. Therefore, since the number of the lens elements in the optical system can be reduced in the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment, the overall size of the apparatus can be reduced in comparison to that shown in Fig. 7. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus shown in Fig. 11 is structured into a known front projection type apparatus in which the liquid crystal device is disposed adjacent to the user. In a case where a known backside projection type structure in which the liquid crystal device is included in the body of the apparatus is employed, an advantage can be obtained in that the cost can be reduced. Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a seventh embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment is different from the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus shown in Fig. 7 in that a fresnel lens 36A is used in place of the convergent lens 36 to convert the white light beam emitted from the light source portion and reflected by the reflecting mirror 38 into a substantially parallel light beam before it is made incident upon the cross dichroic prism 34. Furthermore, the synthesized image light beam emitted from the cross dichroic prism 34 is converged at an aperture portion formed by an end portion of the first shielding mask 37 and an end portion of the reflecting mirror 38. Since the fresnel lens 36A can be disposed to correspond to a position which substantially comes in contact with the cross dichroic prism 34 in the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus as compared with the use of ordinary convex lens as convergent lens 36, the overall size of the apparatus can be reduced. Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view which illustrates an eighth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment is different from the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus shown in Fig. 12 in the following structures: (A) The aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 42 the refraction factor of which is about 1.5 is enclosed between the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34 so that each of the three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G and the cross dichroic prism 34 are optically coupled. (B) The aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 42 the refraction factor of which is about 1.5 is also enclosed between the fresnel lens 36B and the cross dichroic prism 34 so that the fresnel lens 36B and the cross dichroic prism 34 are optically coupled. (C) The fresnel lens 36B is disposed in such a manner that its lens confronts the screen 14. According to the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus, similarly to that shown in Fig. 10, the aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 34 is used to prevent the temperature rise of each of the scattering type liquid crystal plate 122 (see Fig. 9) of the above-described three reflecting and scattering type liquid crystal devices 35R, 35B and 35G. Therefore, the brightness can be raised. Furthermore, in a case where the fresnel lens 36B is made of plastic in order to reduce the cost, the problem of the unstable light convergent operation of the fresnel lens 36B can be prevented, the unstable light convergent operation being due to the deformation of the plastic fresnel lens 36B by the heat of the white light beam emitted from the light source portion and the heat of the modulated white light beam emitted from the dichroic prism 34. Furthermore, the white light beam emitted from the light source portion and reflected by the reflecting mirror 38 is, as shown in Fig. 13, made incident upon the fresnel lens 36B while making a predetermined angle from it. Therefore, it is preferable that the above-described lens side of the fresnel lens 36B confronts the cross dichroic prism 34 (the flat side confronts the screen 14) in order to prevent the eclipse of the white light beam at the lens side of the fresnel lens 36B. However, no problem takes place even if the lens side is made to confront the screen 14 according to this embodiment since the degree of the influence of the eclipse is small. Also according to this embodiment, silicone oil the refraction factor of which is about 1.5 may be used in place of the aqueous solution of ethylene glycol 34. Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view which illustrates a ninth embodiment of the projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention. The projection type liquid crystal display apparatus according to this embodiment is different from that shown in Fig. 12 in that two fresnel lenses 36C and 36D are used to convert the white light beam emitted from the light source portion and reflected by the reflecting mirror 38 into a substantially parallel beam before it is made incident upon the cross dichroic prism 34. Furthermore, the modulated white light beam emitted from the cross dichroic prism 34 is converged at the aperture portion formed by an end portion of the first shielding mask 37 and an end portion of the reflecting mirror 38. In the projection type liquid crystal apparatus according to this embodiment, the above-described white light beam made incident from the reflecting mirror 38 while making a predetermined angle is converted into a substantially parallel beam by using the two fresnel lenses 36C and 36D. As a result, each of the lens side of fresnel lenses 126 1 and 126 2 can easily be designed. The present invention can preferably be applied to any of the known scattering type liquid crystal display devices capable of controlling scattering and transmission of light for each pixel exemplified in the description of the related background art. Furthermore, the simple matrix system and the active matrix system have been known as the method of driving the liquid crystal medium.

Claims: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a scattering type liquid crystal device (9) comprising a liquid crystal layer (4) for controlling scattering or non-scattering of light beams (7) made incident upon a plurality of pixel portions of said liquid crystal layer (4), said scattering type liquid crystal device having two substrates (1; 2) sandwiching said liquid crystal layer (4), a first lens array (2a) having a plurality of lenses disposed to correspond to each respective pixel portion of said liquid crystal layer (4) causing said light beams to travel from said corresponding portions of said liquid crystal layer (4) toward a focal plane, and a mask (6) for shielding scattered light and for allowing non-scattered light to pass through, said mask (6) being arranged on the focal plane, and comprising a plurality of aperture portions which are formed along said focal plane so that each aperture portion corresponds to a respective pixel portion of said liquid crystal layer (4) as well as to a respective lens of said first lens array (2a) so as to allow each respective non-scattered light beam to be transmitted from each corresponding lens to pass through said corresponding aperture and to shield each respective scattered light beam transmitted from said first lens array, characterized in that said liquid crystal display apparatus is a projection type display apparatus which further comprises an optical projecting system, and a second lens array (3a) having a plurality of lenses arranged to correspond to said respective aperture portions of said mask (6), said lenses substantially collimating each non-scattered light beam transmitted from said corresponding aperture portion of said mask (6) and directing it to said projecting optical system, the apparatus being further characterized in that said first lens array (2a) comprises a graded index lens array formed in the substrate (2) which is on the projection side of said liquid crystal layer (4), the lens array (2a) being formed adjacent the surface of said substrate (2) which faces said liquid crystal layer (4). A liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein each lens of said second lens array (3a) comprises a graded-index lens. A liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein a first and a second transparent plate (2, 3) are stacked to each other while holding said mask (6) therebetween, said first lens array (2a) is formed on said first transparent plate (2) and said second lens array (3a) is formed on said second transparent plate (3). A liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 1 or 3, wherein said light beam is caused to travel toward said liquid crystal layer (4) via said mask (6) and said first lens array (2a) and a reflecting surface for reflecting and returning said light beam, which has passed through said liquid crystal layer (4), to said liquid crystal layer (4) is disposed at a position opposing said first lens array (2a). A projector in which an image formed by an illuminated liquid crystal light valve is projected by an optical system, wherein said projector comprises a liquid crystal display apparatus according to Claim 1. A projector according to Claim 5, wherein said light valve comprises a reflecting type light valve which is illuminated by said light from said optical system side. A projector according to Claim 5, wherein said light valve comprises a transmissive type light valve which is illuminated by said light from a side opposing said optical system. A projector according to Claim 5, wherein said light valve is illuminated by light which has been substantially collimated.

Inventors: KUREMATSU KATSUMI, MINOURA NOBUO, MITSUTAKE HIDEAKI, SUZUKI HIDETOSHI, YOSHINAGA KAZUO, KUREMATSU, KATSUMI, MINOURA, NOBUO, MITSUTAKE, HIDEAKI, SUZUKI, HIDETOSHI, YOSHINAGA, KAZUO, KUREMATSU, KATSUMI, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, MINOURA, NOBUO, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, MITSUTAKE, HIDEAKI, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, SUZUKI, HIDETOSHI, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, YOSHINAGA, KAZUO, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: G02B3, H04N9, G02F1, H04N5