Novel cephalosporin intermediates and process for preparing the intermediates and their end products

Abstract: The present invention provides certain novel cephalosporin derivatives represented by following formula(I), which are especially useful as intermediates for the preparation of cephalosporin compounds possessed with potent and broad antibacterial activities. wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ cycloalkyl, amino optionally substititued with a C₁₋₄ alkyl radical, or phenyl group optionally subsitututed on its 2-, 4-and/or 6-position with a halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkoxy or hydroxy radical; R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group; and n is either 0 or 1. The invention also relates to processes for preparing these intermediates and their pharmacologically active cephalosporin antibiotics.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to certain novel cephalosporin derivatives, which are especially useful as intermediates for the preparation of certain cephalosporin compounds possessed with potent and broad antibacterial activities. The invention also relates to processes for preparing these intermediates and their pharmacologically active cephalosporin antibiotics. Description of the Prior Art Antibiotics of cephalosporin series are widely used in therapy for treatment of diseases which are caused by general pathogenic bacteria in human beings and animals. It has been known that such antibiotics are useful for the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria exhibiting the resistance to other antibiotics, e.g., penicillin-resistant bacteria, and for treatment of penicillin-sensitive patients. In most circumstances, it is desirable to employ antibiotics showing broad antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this regard, there have been made many studies in developing a variety of cephalosporin antibiotics with broad-spectrum antibiotic activities. Recently, the inventors of the present invention together with others have discovered that certain novel antibiotic cephalosporin compounds having the structural formula(A) as defined below and their derivatives, as disclosed in European Patent Application No. 397,511, have surprisingly superior antibiotic activity against a wide range of organisms: wherein: R is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ alkynyl group, or -C(R a )(R b )CO₂H, wherein R a and R b , which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or R a and R b form a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group with the carbon atom to which they are linked; R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, amino optionally substituted with a C₁₋₄ alkyl radical, phenyl, or 2-, 4- or 6-substituted phenyl group with two or fewer substituents chosen from C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkoxy, halogen and hydroxy radicals; R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group; and Q is N or CH. In European Patent Application No. 397,511, it is disclosed that the compounds of formula(A) are synthesized by reacting the compounds of formula(B) with the compounds of formula(III) as illustrated below: wherein: R¹, R², R and Q have the same meanings as defined before; n is either 0 or 1; R⁴ is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; R⁵ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; R⁶ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or C₃₋₄ alkynyl group or -C(R a )(R b )CO₂(R c ), wherein R a and R b , which may be the same or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or R a and R b may form a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group with the carbon atom to which they are linked, and R c is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; and L is a leaving group. The starting compounds of formula(B) mentioned above are well known as intermediates employed for the preparation of cephalosporin compounds. The above substitution (Eq. 1) is normally conducted in an aqueous solution at an elevated temperature, e.g., 60°-80°C. However, it suffers from the critical defect of producing undesirable by-products stemming from, e.g., the destruction of the β-lactam ring. These by-products not only lower the purity and yield of the final product; but also make it much more difficult to separate and purify the end product(A). Most importantly, these deficiencies make the overall manufacturing process for cephalosporin compounds(A) less economical owing to the fact that the compounds directly affected are the most expensive end product. Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that the employment of novel compounds of formula(I) described below as the starting material for the preparation of pharmaceutically effective cephalosporin compounds, e.g., those compounds having the structure of formula(A), as fully described in European Patent Application No. 397,511 which is incorporated herein by reference, substantially cures or remedies all of the deficiencies associated with the previously known process such as (Eq. 1). Accordingly, a primary objective of the present invention is to provide novel cephalosporin intermediates of formula(I), which may be employed for the synthesis of, among other things, those cephalosporin compounds defined by formula(A). The cephalosporin intermediates according to the present invention may be represented as: wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ cycloalkyl, amino optionally substituted with a C₁₋₄ alkyl radical, or phenyl group optionally substituted on its 2-, 4- and/or 6-position with a halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkoxy or hydroxy radical; R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group; and n is either 0 or 1. Another aspect of the present invention resides in the process of preparing a compound of formula(A), which comprises reacting the intermediate of formula(I) with a thiazole or thiadiazole derivative of formula(IV) defined below: wherein: R⁶ and Q have the same meanings as defined previously; and R⁵ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group. A further aspect of the present invention involves a process for preparing the compound of formula(I), which comprises reacting a cephem derivative of formula(II) with a pyrimidinethione compound of formula(III): wherein: R¹ and R² have the same meanings as defined in formula(I); R³ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; R⁴ is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; L is a leaving group; and n is 0 or 1. Detailed Description of the Invention The novel compounds of formula(I) according to the present invention may include their resonance isomers of formulas(I)′ and (I)'': More preferred compounds of formula(I) in accordance with the present invention are those: wherein R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₂ alkyl group. Most preferred compounds of formula(I) in accordance with the present invention are those: wherein R¹ is a methyl, ethyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a methyl group. The specific intermediates of particular interest include: 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methyl-pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1,5-dimethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; and 7-amino-3-(5-methyl-1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. The novel intermediate compound of formula(I) can be effectively employed to produce, e.g., a cephalosporin compound of formula(A) by way of reacting said compound of formula(I) with a thiazole or thiadiazole derivative of formula(IV) as follows: wherein: R⁵, R⁶ and Q have the same meanings as defined in (Eq. 1). The above reaction represented by (Eq. 2) may be carried out in two steps: a condensation process; and a deprotection process or a process of removing the amino-protecting group and/or the carboxyl-protecting group as needs be. The condensation process is normally conducted in the presence of an organic solvent and preferably together with an organic base at a temperature ranging from -50° to 30°C, more preferably, from -30° to 10°C. Representative organic solvents which may be employed in the condensation reaction include: N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and dimethylsulfoxide; and, more preferably, N,N-dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide. Some of the organic bases which may be effectively used in the reaction are: triethylamine, pyridine and N,N-dimethylaniline; and, triethylamine is more preferred. The end product of formula(A) obtained from the reaction represented by (Eq. 2) is of a sufficiently high degree of purity for normal application; however, if a higher purity is desired, the final product may be further purified by employing an ion exchange chromatography or by washing, i.e., dissolving and precipitating the product in an aqueous medium through controlling the pH from the two separate ranges where said dissolution takes place, i.e., either from the first range between 1 and about 2.5, or from the second range between 7 and 8 to the pH range where said precipitation occurs, i.e., between 3 and 4.5. The novel compound of formula(I) is prepared by coupling a cephem compound of formula(II) with a pyrimidinethione compound of formula(III) as follows: wherein: R¹, R², R³, R⁴, L and n have the same respective meanings as previously defined. In formula(II) above, the dotted line represents a single and/or double bond. That is, the compounds of formula(II) used herein, unless specifically otherwise indicated, should be understood to represent compounds of either formula(II-a) or (II-b), or a mixture thereof, as described below; The reaction represented by (Eq. 3) above may be carried out either in an aqueous medium such as water or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent; or more advantageously, in an organic solvent, and preferably in the presence of, e.g., a boron trifluoride solvate. In the reaction carried out in an aqueous system to produce the compound of formula(I), the pH of the reaction solution is preferably controlled within a range from 5 to 8, more preferably, from 6 to 7.5; and the temperature is preferably maintained within a range from 40° to 100°C, more preferably, from 60° to 80°C. In this reaction, the compound of formula(III) is used preferably in an amount of from 1 to 2 molar equivalents based on the compound of formula(II). To stabilize the aqueous reaction process of (Eq. 3), one or more salts selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, potassium iodide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide and potassium thiocyanate can be effectively used as a stabilizing agent. Alternatively, and more preferably, the reaction process of (Eq. 3) may be effectively carried out in an organic solvent preferably in the presence of, e.g., a boron trifluoride solvate at a temperature ranging from -20° to 50°C, more preferably, from 20° to 50°C; and or a period from about 30 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably, from 30 minutes to 5 hours. The organic reaction process has a number of advantages over the aqueous reaction process such as: a lower level of impurities or by-products produced, higher yield, and easier to further purify the product(I), if desired. In this organic process, the compound of formula (III) is used in an amount of from 0.5 to 2 molar equivalents, and preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 molar equivalents, based on the compound of formula(II). The organic solvents, which may be employed in the reaction in an amount ranging from 2 to 20ml, more preferably, from 5 to 10ml per 1 gram of the compound(II), may include: ethers(e.g., diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole), nitriles(e.g., acetonitrile, propionitrile), halogenated hydrocarbons(e.g., methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane), and mixtures of at least two of the foregoing; and, more preferably, ethers and nitriles. The boron trifluoride solvates, which may be preferably used in an amount of from 0.5 to 10 molar equivalents, more preferably, from 2 to 5 equivalensts, based on the compounds of formula(II), may include: those with dialkyl ethers(e.g., diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether) and those with nitriles(e.g., acetonirile, propionitrile); and, more preferably, boron trifluoride diethyl ether. As stated above, the compound of formula(I) obtained from the organic reaction process can be effectively separated and purified by employing a conventional method such as recrystallization, column chromatrography over silica gel or ion-exchange column or by washing with an aqueous solution through adjusting pH from the range where said dissolution takes place, i.e., either from the range between 1 and about 2.5 or from the range between 7 and 8 to the range where said precipitation occurs, i.e., between 3 and 4.5 with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid or a base such as aqueous ammonia solution, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal phosphate and alkali metal hydrogen carbonate. The amino-protecting group(R⁵ in formula(B) of (Eq. 1) and in formula(IV) of (Eq. 2), and R³ in formula(II) of (Eq. 3)) may include: an acyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl(lower)alkyl(e.g., benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl and 4-methoxybenzyl), halo(lower)alkyl(e.g., trichloromethyl and trichloroethyl), tetrahydropyranyl, substituted phenylthio, substituted alkyliedene, substituted aralkylidene or substituted cycloalkylidene group. The acyl group used as an amino protecting group may include, for example, a C₁₋₆ (lower)alkanoyl(e.g., formyl and acetyl), C₂₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl(e.g., methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl), or aryl(lower)alkoxycarbonyl(e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl) group, wherein the acyl group can be substituted with 1-3 substituent(s) such as halogen, hydroxy, cyano or nitro. In addition, the amino protecting group may include reaction products obtained from an amino group and a silane, boron or phosphorus compound. The carboxyl or acid protecting group (R c in formula(B) of (Eq. 1) and in formula(IV) of (Eq. 2) and R⁴ in formula(II) of (Eq. 3)) may include: (lower)alkylesters(e.g., methylester and t-butylester), (lower)alkenylesters(e.g., vinylester and allylester), (lower)alkoxy (lower)alkylesters(e.g., methoxymethylester), (lower)alkylthio(lower)alkylesters(e.g., methylthiomethylester), halo(lower)alkylesters(e.g., 2,2,2-trichloroethylester), substituted or unsubstituted aralkylesters (e.g., benzylester and p-nitrobenzylester) and silylesters. The leaving group L(in formula(B) of (Eq. 1) and in formula(II) of (Eq. 3)) may include: a halogen such as chloride, bromide, fluoride or iodide, a (lower)alkanoyloxy group such as acetoxy, a (lower)alkanesulfonyloxy group such as methanesulfonyloxy, an arylsulfonyloxy group such as p-toluenesulfonyloxy, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group and the like. The term "lower" as used hereinabove and elsewhere in this specification, for example, in reference to "lower alkyl," encompasses compounds having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably, 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Amino or acid protecting groups can be readily removed from the product obtained either in (Eq. 1), (Eq. 2) or (Eq. 3) by any of the conventional deprotection methods which are well known in the field of cephalosporin art. For example, acid- or base-hydrolysis or reduction is generally applicable. For further example, when the protecting group is an amido group, it is feasible to subject such protected compounds to imino-halogenation and imino-etherification, followed by hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is preferred to remove such groups as tri(di)phenylmethyl or alkoxycarbonyl; and may be carried out in the presence of an organic acid such as formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or p-tolueneacetic acid, or an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid and the like. Reduction of S-oxide may be carried out by adding potassium iodide and acetylchloride, followed by quenching with sodium m-bisulfite. The following examples illustrate how some of the compounds of formula(I), i.e., Examples 1 to 10, and formula(A), i.e., Examples 11 to 42, can be prepared in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Example 1 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methyl-pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Under an anhydrous condition, a solution containing 2.72g of 3-acetoxymethyl-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 1.56g of 4,6-diamino-1-methyl-2-(1H)-pyrimidinethione suspended in 20ml of dry acetonitrile was cooled to 0°C; and 3.6ml of boron trifluoride diethylether was added. The temperature of the reaction solution was increased to a room temperature, e.g., 18-20°C; the solution was stirred for three hours; and then 10ml of methyl alcohol was added. The resultant solution was stirred for 10 minutes and was added with 30ml of ice water. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.1 by adding aqueous ammonia solution. After concentration under a reduced pressure, e.g., about 20mmHg, the solution was adjusted to pH 3.7 with 2N-aqueous hydrochloric acid; and allowed to stand at a room temperature for 24 hrs. The precipitates resulted from the reaction solution were filtered, washed with 10ml of distilled water and with 10ml of methyl alcohol, and dried to give 2.69g of the title compound as a solid. Yield: 73% NMR: δ(DMSO d-6) 2.13(broad s, 2H), 3.35(ABq, 2H), 3.48(s, 3H), 4.31 (ABq, 2H), 4.53(d, 1H), 4.81(d, 1H), 5.52(s, 1H), 7.5 ∼ 8.4(broad d, 4H) Example 2 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-ethyl-pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Under an anhydrous condition, a solution containing 2.72g of 3-acetoxymethyl-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 1.8g of 4,6-diamino-1-ethyl-2-(1H)-pyrimidinethione suspended in 20ml of dry dioxane was cooled to 0°C; and 3ml of boron trifluoride diethylether was added. The temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 40°C; the solution was stirred for one hour; and then 10ml of methyl alcohol was added. The resultant solution was stirred for 10 minutes and was added with 30ml of ice water. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.1 by adding aqueous ammonia solution. After concentration under a reduced pressure, e.g., about 20mmHg, the solution was adjusted to pH 3.6 with 2N-aqueous hydrochloric acid; and allowed to stand at a room temperature for 24 hrs. The precipitates resulted from the reaction solution were filtered, washed with 10ml of distilled water and with 10ml of methyl alcohol, and dried to give 2.87g of the title compound as a solid. Yield: 75% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 1.23(t, 2H), 3.37(ABq, 2H), 4.05(q, 2H), 4.31(ABq, 2H), 4.53(d, 1H), 4.78(d, 1H), 5.55(s, 1H), 7.8∼8.1 (broad d, 4H) Example 3 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triamino-pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Under an anhydrous condition, a solution containing 2.72g of 3-acetoxymethyl-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 1.50g of 1,4,6-triamino-2(1H)-pyrimidine-thione suspended in 20ml of dry acetonitrile was cooled to 0°C; and 4.8ml of boron trifluoride diethylether was added. The temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 50°C; the solution was stirred for two hours; and then 10ml of methyl alcohol was added. The resultant solution was stirred for 10 minutes and was added with 30ml of ice water. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.1 by adding aqueous ammonia solution. After concentration under a reduced pressure, e.g., about 20mmHg, the solution was adjusted to pH 3.7 with 2N-aqueous hydrochloric acid; and allowed to stand at a room temperature for 24 hrs. The precipitates resulted from the reaction solution were filtered, washed with 10ml of distilled water and with 10ml of methyl alcohol, and dried to give 2.55g of the title compound as a solid. Yield: 69% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 3.31(ABq, 2H), 4.01(ABq, 2H), 4.55(d, 1H), 4.78(d, 1H), 5.48(s, 1H), 6.17(s, 2H), 7.6∼8.2(broad d, 4H) Example 4 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1,5-dimethyl-pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Under an anhydrous condition, a solution containing 2.72g of 3-acetoxymethyl-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 1.70g of 4,6-diamino-1,5-dimethyl-2-(1H)-pyrimidinethione suspended in a mixture of 10ml of dry acetonitrile and 10ml of dioxane was cooled to 0°C; and 4.8ml of boron trifluoride diethylether was added. The temperature of the reaction solution was increased to 50°C; the solution was stirred for five hours; and then 10ml of methyl alcohol was added. The resultant solution was stirred for 10 minutes and was added with 30ml of ice water. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.1 by adding aqueous ammonia solution. After concentration under a reduced pressure, e.g., about 20mmHg, the solution was adjusted to pH 3.7 with 2N-aqueous hydrochloric acid; and allowed to stand at a room temperature for 24 hrs. The precipitates resulted from the reaction solution were filtered, washed with 10ml of distilled water and with 10ml of methyl alcohol, and dried to give 3.02g of the title compound as a solid. Yield: 79% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 1.87(s, 3H), 3.38(ABq, 2H), 3.49(s, 3H), 4.28(ABq, 2H), 4.52(d, 1H), 4.79(d, 1H), 7.5∼7.8(broad d, 4H) The following compounds of Examples 5 to 10 were synthesized in a similar manner as was employed in Examples 1 to 4. Example 5 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(5-methyl-1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Yield: 73% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 1.86(s, 3H), 3.33(ABq, 2H), 4.12(ABq, 2H), 4.52(d, 1H), 4.77(d, 1H), 6.07(s, 2H), 7.60∼8.20(broad d, 4H) Example 6 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methyl-5-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Yield: 77% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 0.90(t, 3H), 2.37(q, 2H), 3.33(ABq, 2H), 3.48(s, 3H), 4.27(ABq, 1H), 4.50(d, 1H), 4.76(d, 1H), 7.5∼7.8 (broad d, 4H) Example 7 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-5-methyl-1-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Yield: 71% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 1.22(t, 3H), 1.81(s, 3H), 3.32(ABq, 2H), 4.04(q, 2H), 4.27(ABq, 1H), 4.52(d, 1H), 4.76(d, 1H), 7.3∼7.8 (broad d, 4H) Example 8 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1,5-diethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Yield: 68% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 0.94(t, 3H), 1.21(t, 3H), 2.36(q, 2H), 3.34(ABq, 2H), 4.08(q, 2H), 4.27(ABq, 1H), 4.52(d, 1H), 4.72(d, 1H), 7.2∼7.8(broad d, 4H) Example 9 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-propylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Yield: 73% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 0.92(t, 3H), 1.65(m, 2H), 3.34(ABq, 2H), 3.88(t, 2H), 4.3(ABq, 2H), 4.52(d, 1H), 4.78(d, 1H), 5.50(s, 1H), 7.6∼8.1(broad d, 4H) Example 10 : Synthesis of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate Yield: 65% NMR: δ (DMSO d-6) 3.27(ABq, 2H), 4.18(ABq, 2H), 4.52(d, 1H), 4.77(d, 1H), 5.58(s, 1H), 6.87∼7.21(m, 4H), 8.01∼8.21(broad d, 4H) The novel cephalosporin intermediates synthesized in Examples 1 to 10 are further summerized in Table 1 hereof. Example 11 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate A solution containing 4.44g of (z)-2-(methoxyimino)-2-[2-(triphenylmethyl)aminothiazol-4-yl] acetic acid dissolved in 20ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide was cooled to 0°C. To the solution were added 6.1ml of triethylamine and 2.20g of mesitylene sulfonyl chloride; and the resultant was stirred for 20 minutes and further cooled to -20°C. 3.68g of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methyl-pyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (prepared in Example 1) was added. The reaction solution was stirred for one hour; and, after addition of 100ml of distilled water, was adjusted to pH 3.5 with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid. After stirring, the solid thus produced was filtered, washed with 20ml of distilled water and 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to provide 7.11g of protected cephem product. The protected product was dissolved in 30ml of formic acid cooled to 0°C; and the resultant solution was stirred at a room temperature for 2 hours. The solid thus produced was filtered and washed with 10ml of formic acid. The filtrates were combined and concentrated under a reduced pressure, e.g., about 20mmHg; and, after addition of 50ml of methanol, stirred at a room temperature for 30 minutes. The insolubles were removed by filtration; and 300ml of diethyl ether was added to the solution while stirring. The resultant solid was filtered, washed with 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to afford 4.55g of the title compound. Yield: 82.5%; purity: 98.7% Example 12 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate 4.37g of the title compound was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 11, by employing 3.69g of 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(prepared in Example 3), instead. Yield: 79.1%; purity: 99.1% Example 13 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-ethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate A solution containing 4.58g of (z)-2-(ethoxy imino)-2-[2-(triphenylmethyl)aminothiazol-4-yl]acetic acid dissolved in 20ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide was cooled to 0°C. To the solution were added 6.1ml of triethylamine and 2.20g of mesitylene sulfonyl chloride; and the resultant was stirred for 20 minutes and further cooled to -20°C. 3.68g of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl) thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(prepared in Example 1) was added. The reaction solution was stirred for one hour; and, after addition of 100ml of distilled water, was adjusted to pH 3.5 with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid. After stirring, the solid thus produced was filtered, washed with 20ml of distilled water and 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to provide 7.30g of protected cephem product. The protected product was dissolved in 30ml of formic acid cooled to 0°C; and the reaction solution was stirred at a room temperature for 2 hours. The solid thus obtained was filtered and washed with 10ml of formic acid. The filtrates were combined and concentrated under a reduced pressure, e.g., about 20mmHg; and, after addition of 50ml of methanol, stirred at a room temperature for 30 minutes. The insolubles were removed by filtration; and 300ml of diethyl ether was added to the solution while stirring. The resultant solid was filtered, washed with 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to afford 4.73g of the title compound. Yield: 83.7%; purity: 98.7% Example 14 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-( ethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate 4.71g of the title compound was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 13, by employing 3.69g of 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl) thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(prepared in Example 3). Yield: 83.2%; purity: 99.4% Example 15 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-propyn-1-oxyimino)acetamido]-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate A solution containing 4.68g of (z)-2-(2-propyn-1-oxyimino)-2-[2-(triphenylmethyl)amiothiazol-4-yl]acetic acid dissolved in 20ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide was cooled to 0°C. To the solution were added 6.1ml of triethylamine and 2.20g of mesitylene sulfonyl chloride; and the resultant was stirred for 20 minutes and further cooled to -20°C. 3.68g of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl) thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(prepared in Example 1) was added. The reaction solution was stirred for one hour; and, after addition of 100ml of distilled water, was adjusted to pH 3.5 with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid. After stirring, the solid thus produced was filtered, washed with 20ml of distilled water and 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to provide 7.17g of protected cephem product. The protected product was dissolved in 30ml of formic acid cooled to 0°C; and the reaction solution was stirred at a room temperature for 2 hours. The solid thus obtained was filtered and washed with 10ml of formic acid. The filtrates were combined and concentrated under a reduced pressure; and, after addition of 50ml of methanol, stirred at a room temperature for 30 minutes. The insolubles were removed by filtration; and 300ml of diethyl ether was added to the solution while stirring. The resultant solid was filtered, washed with 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to afford 4.81g of the title compound. Yield: 83.6%; purity: 98.9% Example 16 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(2-propyn-1-oxyimino)acetamido]-3-(4,6-diamino-1-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate 4.79g of the title compound was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 15, by employing 3.82g of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(prepared in Example 2). Yield: 80.3%; purity: 99.3% Example 17 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-(2-propyn-1-oxyimino)acetamido]-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate 4.90g of the title compound was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 15, by employing 3.69g of 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl) thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(prepared in Example 3). Yield: 85.0%; purity: 98.1% Example 18 : Synthesis of 7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(2-carboxyprop-2-oxyimino)acetamido]-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate A solution containing 5.72g of (z)-2-(2-t-butoxycarbonylprop-2-oxyimino)-2-[2-(triphenylmethyl) aminothiazol-4-yl]acetic acid dissolved in 20ml of dimethylformamide was cooled to 4°C. To the solution were added 6.1ml of triethylamine and 2.20g of mesitylene sulfonyl chloride; and the resultant was stirred for 5 minutes and further cooled to -10°C. 3.68g of 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (prepared in Example 1) was added. The reaction solution was stirred for one hour; and, after addition of 100ml of distilled water, was adjusted to pH 3.1 with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid. After stirring, the solid thus produced was filtered, washed with 20ml of distilled water and 50ml of acetone and dried in a vacuum to provide 8.71g of protected cephem product. The protected product was dissolved in a mixture of 30ml of formic acid and 4.7ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid cooled to 0°C; and the reaction solution was stirred at a room temperature for 2 hours. The solid thus obtained was filtered and washed with 10ml of formic acid. The filtrates were combined and concentrated under a reduced pressure and, after addition of 20ml of methanol, stirred at a room temperature for 30 minutes. The insolubles were removed; and 300ml of distilled water was added to the solution. The pH was adjusted to 7 by adding saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Methanol was removed under a reduced pressure and the resultant aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 3.1 with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid and stirred at 4°C. The solid thus produced was filtered, washed successively with 10ml of distilled water, 10ml of acetone and 10ml of methanol and dried in a vacuum to afford 5.29g of the title compound. Yield: 84.9%; purity: 98.9% Example 19 to 42 The cephalosporin compounds 19 to 42 as contained in Table 2 hereof were prepared in a manner similar to those employed in Examples 11 to 18, using the intermediates prepared in Examples 1 to 10 and various thiazole- or thiadiazole-containing starting compounds, as shown in Table 2. As can be clearly seen from the above examples, novel cephalosporin intermediates of formula(I) can be efficiently produced in high degrees of yield and purity in accordance with the preferred reaction process of the present invention; and, furthermore, said intermediates of formula(I) can be effectively employed to produce such potent cephalosporin antibiotics of formula(A) in high yields and purities by carrying out the reaction in an orgainc medium in accordance with the novel process of the present invention.

Claims: Claims for the following Contracting States : AT, BE, CH, LI, DE, DK, FR, GB, GR, IT, LU, NL, SE A cephalosporin intermediate represented by formula(I) wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ cycloalkyl, amino optionally substititued with a C₁₋₄ alkyl radical, or phenyl group optionally subsitututed on its 2-, 4- and/or 6-position with a halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkoxy or hydroxy radical; R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group; and n is either 0 or 1. The intermediate of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₂ alkyl group. The intermediate of claim 2, wherein: R¹ is a methyl, ethyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a methyl group. The intermediate of claim 3 which is selected from the group consisting of: 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-(4,6-diamino-1,5-dimethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; and 7-amino-3-(5-methyl-1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. A process for preparing a cephalosporin intermediate of formula(I) as defined in claim 1, which comprises reacting a compound of formula(II) with a compound of formula(III): wherein: R¹ and R² have the same meanings as defined in claim 1; R³ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; R⁴ is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; L is a leaving group; and n is 0 or 1. The process of claim 5, wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₂ alkyl group. The process of claim 5 or 6 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. The process of claim 7 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of a boron trifluoride solvate. The process of claim 8 wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethers, nitriles, halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof; and said boron trifluoride solvate is selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride dialkyl ethers and boron trifluoride nitriles. The process of claim 8 wherein said reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from -20°C to 50°C. A process for preparing a cephalosporin compound of formula(A) wherein: R is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ alkynyl group, or -C(R a )(R b )CO₂H wherein R a and R b , which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or R a and R b form a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group with the carbon atom to which they are linked; R¹ and R² have the same meanings as defined in claim 1; and Q is CH or N; which comprises reacting a compound of formula(IV) with an intermediate of formula(I) as defined in claim 1: wherein: R⁵ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; R⁶ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or C₃₋₄ alkynyl group or -C(R a )(R b )CO₂(R c ), wherein each of R a and R b , which may be the same different, is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or R a and R b may form a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group with the carbon atom to which they are linked, and R c is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; and Q is CH or N. The process of claim 11, wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₂ alkyl group. The process of claim 11 or 12 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. The process of claim 13 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic base. The process of claim 14 wherein said organic solvent is N,N-dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide; and said organic base is triethylamine. The process of claim 14 wherein said reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from -50° to 30°C. Claims for the following Contracting State : ES A process for preparing a cephalosporin intermediate of formula (1) wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ cycloalkyl, amino optionally substititued with a C₁₋₄ alkyl radical, or phenyl group optionally subsitututed on its 2-, 4- and/or 6-position with a halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkoxy or hydroxy radical; R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group; and n is either 0 or 1; which comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (III): wherein: R¹ and R² have the same meanings as defined in claim 1; R³ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; R⁴ is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; L is a leaving group; and n is 0 or 1. The process of claim 1, wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₂ alkyl group. The process of claim 2, wherein: R¹ is a methyl, ethyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a methyl group. The process of claim 3 in which the product produced is selected from the group consisting of: 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-methylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(4,6-diamino-1-ethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-3-(1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; 7-amino-(4,6-diamino-1,5-dimethylpyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate; and 7-amino-3-(5-methyl-1,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium-2-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. The process of claim 5 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of a boron trifluoride solvate. The process of claim 6 wherein said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethers, nitriles, halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof; and said boron trifluoride solvate is selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride dialkyl ethers and boron trifluoride nitriles. The process of claim 6 wherein said reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from -20°C to 50°C. A process for preparing a cephalosporin compound of formula(A) wherein: R is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl, C₃₋₄ alkynyl group, or -C(R a )(R b )CO₂H wherein R a and R b , which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or R a and R b form a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group with the carbon atom to which they are linked; R¹ and R² have the same meanings as defined in claim 1; and Q is CH or N; which comprises reacting a compound of formula(IV) with an intermediate of formula(I) as defined in claim 1: wherein: R⁵ is hydrogen or an amino-protecting group; R⁶ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or C₃₋₄ alkynyl group or -C(R a )(R b )CO₂(R c ), wherein each of R a and R b , which may be the same or different, is hydrogen or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or R a and R b may form a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group with the carbon atom to which they are linked, and R c is hydrogen or a carboxyl-protecting group; and Q is CH or N. The process of claim 9 , wherein: R¹ is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkenyl or amino group; and R² is hydrogen or a C₁₋₂ alkyl group. The process of claim 9 or 10 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent. The process of claim 11 wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of an organic base. The process of claim 12 wherein said organic solvent is N,N-dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide; and said organic base is triethylamine. The process of claim 12 wherein said reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from -50° to 30°C.

Inventors: BANG CHAN SIK, KIM WON SUP, KIM YONG ZU, LIM JONG CHAN, YEO JAE HONG, BANG, CHAN SIK, KIM, WON SUP, KIM, YONG ZU, LIM, JONG CHAN, YEO, JAE HONG
Applicants: LUCKY LTD, LUCKY, LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: C07D501
IPC codes: C07D501, A61K31, A61P31