Optical fiber connector terminal and method of making same

Abstract: An optical fiber connector terminal includes a sleeve (6); a plurality of pins (7) disposed equidistance from a center within the sleeve to form a receiving aperture (9); a plurality of filler rods (8) disposed between the sleeve and the pins; and an optical fiber (10) inserted into and bonded to the receiving aperture.

Description: The present invention relates to an optical fiber terminal connector comprising a sleeve, a plurality of pins accommodated side by side in the sleeve and equidistantly arranged about the central axis of the sleeve, with adjacent pins contacting each other along their full length thereby forming an elongated optical fiber receiving passageway and elongated V-shaped cross section grooves between adjacent external surfaces of the pins, and an optical fiber inserted and bonded into the fiber receiving passageway. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method of making such an optical fiber terminal connector as defined by the preamble portions of claims 5 and 8, respectively. Optical fiber terminal connectors of this type are used for connecting cords or cables of optical fibers in the field of communication systems, data transmission systems and other optical systems. An optical fiber connector and a method of making same as mentioned above are known from US-A-4 201 443. This prior art reference discloses the teaching of a glass pin assembly arranged in a plastic sleeve. The plastic sleeve does not have the function of holding the pins together but merely forms a protective cover because the pins are fixed relative to each other by a thermofusing process. Another optical fiber terminal connector is known from US-A-773 725 wherein the middle portions of the pins are pressed onto the optical fiber by means of crimping. In said known connector the pins are deformed so as to fix the optical fiber between the pins in a clamping manner. From EP-A2-0 154 262 another optical fib connector is known using clamping for fixing the fiber in the connector. Generally in optical fiber transmission lines, the connection between optical fibers is critical. The connection of optical fibers requires a precise registration of optical fibers. Optical fibers are made from glass and have a diameter of 100 microns. There are two requirements for the connector terminals; protecting and reinforcing the optical fibers and registering optical fibers with high-precisions in the order of micrometers. In an attempt to satisfy such requirements, an optical fiber connector terminal such as shown in Fig. 31 has been proposed. This connector terminal includes a terminal body 40 which is made from zirconia ceramic. The terminal body 40 is made by molding a terminal body which is slightly larger than the finished product, sintering it at high temperatures, and grinding a receiving aperture 41 with a wrapping wire or the like to the desired size. The terminal body 40 is then press fitted into a support member 42. However, it is very difficult to make a long core pin of the mold for the receiving aperture 41 so that it is very difficult to make a thin long receiving aperture 41 which is longer than 10 mm. For this reason, the strength of an optical fiber bonded to the conventional receiving aperture 41 is so small that the finished product is not reliable. The zirconia ceramic materials require sintering at high temperatures, making the manufacturing process complex and difficult, resulting in the low yield. In addition, thin connector terminals between 1.0 and 1.5 mm in 5 diameter have low bending resistance and are easy to break upon connection and disconnection. Even if the connector terminal is made from a metal, it is extremely difficult to make a thin long receiving aperture in the connector terminal. Moreover, the 10 terminal body 40 and the support member 42, which are made from different materials, are not compatible and can break upon forcible connection. With regard to the above mentioned prior art, the present invention intends to provide an optical fiber terminal connector with an optical fiber bonded therein, which has a high reliability and stability, in particular a high bending resistance, allowing precise positioning of the optical fiber and a simple manufacturing process, and a method for making such an optical fiber terminal connector. According to the present invention there is provided an optical fiber terminal connector as mentioned at the beginning wherein the V-shaped grooves between adjacent pins are each filled by one or more portions of the length of the sleeve comprising at least one end portion of the sleeve which is permanently deformed into the V-shaped grooves, thereby fixing the pins in their equidistant positions relative to each other. There is also provided such a connector wherein the V-shaped grooves are each filled by the material of the length of the sleeve. In the above connector terminal, the sleeve, the filler materials, and the pins are integrated so that the pins are fixed to provide a thin long receiving aperture, thereby providing a long connector terminal. This increases the bonding strength of an optical fiber to the receiving aperture and thus the connector reliability. Moreover, the problem mentioned above is also solved by a method as defined by the preamble of claim 5 wherein before the optical fiber is inserted into the fiber receiving passageway, the diameter of at least one end portion of the sleeve is reduced by inwardly deforming the sleeve so that deformed material of the sleeve fills the V-shaped grooves between the pins thereby fixing the pins in their positions relative to each other and the sleeve. There is also provided a method wherein the diameter of the sleeve is reduced along the whole length of the sleeve. By the above method it is possible to make a connector terminal having a thin long receiving aperture without difficulty. The above and other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an optical fiber connector having a connector terminal according to a first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the connector terminal of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the connector terminal of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a rear view of the connector terminal of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a front view of a terminal body of the connector terminal of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing how to grind a pin for making the connector terminal of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 shows how to cut a pipe for making a sleeve for the connector terminal of Fig. 1; Fig. 8 shows how to make a specified inner diameter in the sleeve of Fig. 7; Figs. 9 and 10 show three pins and three filler rods placed in the sleeve; Figs. 11-13 show a connector terminal material with a triangular aperture at the center; Fig. 14 shows how to cut off end portions of the connector terminal material; Fig. 15 illustrates how to wrap the triangular aperture to form a circular receiving aperture; Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line X-X of Fig. 15; Fig. 17 shows how to grind the circumference of the connector terminal material with a cylindrical grinder; Fig. 18 illustrates how to polish an end of the connector terminal material; Fig. 19 shows how to make a guide surface in the receiving aperture; Fig. 20 illustrates how to round a corner of the connector terminal material; Fig. 21 is a longitudinal section of the connector terminal material in which an optical fiber is bonded; Figs. 22-24 show how to make an optical fiber connector terminal according to a second embodiment of the invention wherein the sleeve is provided with inner ridges; Figs. 25 and 26 are end views of a connector terminal according to a third embodiment of the invention before and after the application of a rotary forging process, respectively; Figs. 27 and 28 are end views of a connector terminal according to a fourth embodiment of the invention before and after the application of a rotary forging process, respectively; Figs. 29 and 30 are end views of a connector terminal according to a fifth embodiment of the invention before and after the application of a rotary forging process, respectively; and Fig. 31 is a longitudinal section of a conventional connector terminal. In Fig. 1, the optical fiber connector includes a plug 1 and an adapter 2. The plug 1 has a plug housing 3 for housing an optical fiber connector terminal 5 via a retainer fixture 4. As Figs. 2-5 show, the connector terminal 5 consists of a support member 5a with a flange 5c and a terminal body 5b attached to the support member 5a. The terminal body 5b has a sleeve 6 in which three pins 7 are placed with filler rods 8 filling in spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7. An optical fiber 10 of a fiber cable 50 is bonded to a receiving aperture 9 defined by the three pins 7. The filler rods 8 and the sleeve 6 are subjected to a rotary forging process in a rotary swage, for example, to be reduced in diameter so that the filler rods 8 fills spaces between the sleeve 6 and pins 7 at at least one end portion while the three pins 7 are disposed equidistantly from a center O, thereby placing the optical fiber 10 at the center O. As has been described above, the three pins 7 are disposed equidistantly from the center O within the sleeve 6 to form a receiving aperture 9 at the center O. The filler rods 8 are provided in spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7, and the sleeve 6 is reduced in diameter so that the filler rods 8 fill spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7, and the optical fiber 10 is bonded in the receiving aperture 9. As a result, the sleeve 6, the filler rods 8, and the pins 7 are integrated to hold the pins 7 in place, thereby forming a thin long aperture 9. This makes it possible to make a long donnector terminal. Consequently, the bonding strength of the optical fiber 10 to the receiving aperture 9 is increased, resulting in the increased connector reliability. A method of making such an optical fiber connector terminal 5 will be described below with reference to Figs. 6-21. In Fig. 6, pin material 7a made of stainless steel is cut to a predetermined length (for example, 60mm), subjected to a heat treatment or hardening process, and ground in a grinder 11 to form a pin 7 which has a predetermined degree of circularity and a predetermined degree of surface smoothness. The grinder 11 consists of a support member 12 for supporting the pin material 7a and a pair of grinding rollers 13 and 14, which rotate in opposite directions shown by arrows to grind the pin material 7a. Thus, the pin 7 is made from a hardened stainless steel material (for example, SUS 305). In Fig. 7, in order to make a sleeve 6, a stainless steel pipe 15 is cut to a predetermined length. In Fig. 8, an opening 17 of a specified inner diameter is made with a drill 16 or the like. Unlike the pin 7, the resulting sleeve 6 is made from stainless steel which is not hardened so that its hardness is less than that of the pin 7. In Figs. 9 and 10, three pins 7 and three filler rods 8 are alternatingly disposed within the sleeve 6. The pins 7 are dimensioned such that they form a substantially triangular cross section, each apex of which contacts the inside of the sleeve 6. The filler rods 8 having a circular or fan shaped cross section are made from stainless steel which is not hardened. Consequently, their hardness is substantially equal to that of the sleeve 6 and less than that of the pins 7. In Figs. 11-13, the sleeve 6 having the three pins 7 and the three filler rods 8 therein is subjected to a rotary forging process, for example, in a rotary swage to reduce the diameters of portions of the sleeve 6, for example, the front and rear portions of the sleeve 6. The rotary forging process is a process by which the sleeve 6 is struck by one or two pairs of forging dies under continuous or intermittent rotation about its axis, thereby forming a connector terminal material A. The rotary forging process causes the filler rods 8 to collapse and fill spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7, thereby disposing the three pins 7 equidistantly from the center O. In Fig. 14, opposite end portions of the connector terminal material A are cut off with a pair of fine cutters 19. The cutting surfaces are smoothed and cleaned. In Figs. 15 and 16, a wrapping wire 21 is put through a triangular aperture 20 formed at the center of the three pins 7. Grinding diamond granules 22 are put on the wrapping wire 21. A pair of reels 23 and 24 are turned back and forth to reciprocate the wrapping wire 21 to grind the wall of the triangular aperture 20 to form a receiving aperture 9 having a circular cross section. In Fig. 17, the outside of the connector terminal material A is polished with a cylindrical grinder 25 to provide the desired degree of concentricity. In Fig. 18, an end surface of the terminal material A is polished with a grinder 27 while being held in place with a holder 26 to provide a right angled end surface. In Fig. 19, a guiding surface 28 is made at an end of the receiving aperture 9 by an electric discharge process using an electrode 29. Alternatively, the guiding surface 28 may be made by a cutting process. In Fig. 20, an end of the terminal material A is ground with a grinder 30 to provide a rounded corner. The terminal material A is then cleaned and press fitted into a support member 5a for integration. In Fig. 21, an adhesive 33 is put in the receiving aperture 9, and an optical fiber 10 is put through the receiving aperture 9, thereby building up the adhesive 33 at the end surface so that the projected portion of the optical fiber 10 is also bonded. The built up adhesive 33 and the projected optical fiber 10 are ground off with a grinder to provide a connector terminal 5. As Figs. 22-24 show, according to another embodiment of the invention, the three filler rods 8 for filling spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6 are replaced by three inner ridges 8a which are made on the inside of the sleeve 6. The sleeve 6 with such inner ridges 8a are made by the following method. In Fig. 22, showing the second embodiment sleeve material 15a with three inner ridges 8a is made by a drawing process and cut to a predetermined length. In Fig. 23, the specified inner opening 17 is made. In Fig. 24, the circumference is machined to provide a sleeve 6 which has the desired degree of concentricity. Three pins 7 are disposed within the sleeve 6 and subjected to a rotary forging process in the same way as described above so that the inner ridges 8a fill spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6, thereby disposing the pins 7 equidistantly from the center O. Alternatively, the inner ridges 8a for filling spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6 may be deformed portions of the sleeve 6 itself. In this case, three pins 7 are placed within the sleeve 6 and subjected to a rotary forging process in the same way as described above so that the deformed portions fill spaces between the pins 7 and the sleeve 6 itself, thereby disposing the three pins 7 equidistantly from the center O. Figs. 25 and 26 show the third embodiment of the invention, wherein five pins 7 and five filler rods 8 are disposed within the sleeve 6 such that they contact the adjacent pins, the filler rods, and the inside of the sleeve 6. An optical fiber 10 is inserted and bonded in a receiving aperture 9 defined by the five pins 7. The filler rods 8 and the sleeve 6 are subjected to a rotary forging in a rotary swage, for example, so that the filler rods 8 fill spaces between the sleeve 6 and the pins 7 to dispose the five pins 7 equidistantly from the center O, thereby disposing the receiving aperture 9 at the center O for the optical fiber 10. By using the five pins 7, it is possible to provide a connector terminal with a receiving aperture having a diameter greater than that of the three pin connector terminal. The five pin connector terminal is made in the same way as that of the three pin connector terminal. In the fourth embodiment shown by Figs. 27 and 28, five inner ridges 8a replace the five filler rods 8 and disposes the five pins 7 around the center to define a receiving aperture 9 into which an optical fiber 10 is bonded. In the fifth embodiment shown by Figs. 29 and 30, deformed materials of the sleeve 6 itself fill spaces between the five pins 7 to dispose an optical fiber 10 at the center O. Alternatively, the sleeve 6 and the filler rods 8 made from stainless steel which is not hardened may be made from tungsten or beryllium as far as their hardness is less than that of the pins 7 which are made from hardened stainless steel such as SUS 305. The sleeve 6 having the pins 7 and the filler rods 8 were reduced in diameter by a rotary forging in a rotary swage in the above embodiment, but the same results may be obtained by a drawing or press machine.

Claims: An optical fiber terminal connector comprising a sleeve (6), a plurality of pins (7) accommodated side by side in the sleeve (6) and equidistantly arranged about the center axis (0) of the sleeve (6), with adjacent pins (7) contacting each other along their full length thereby forming an elongated optical fiber receiving passageway (9) and elongated V-shaped cross-section grooves between adjacent external surfaces of the pins (7), and an optical fiber (10) inserted and bonded into the fiber receiving passageway (9), characterised in that the V-shaped grooves between adjacent pins (7) are each filled by one or more portions of the length of the sleeve comprising at least one end portion of the sleeve (6) which is permanently deformed into the V-shaped grooves, thereby fixing the pins (7) in their equidistant positions relative to each other. Optical fiber terminal connector according to claim 1, characterised in that the V-shaped grooves between the pins (7) are filled by deformed material of the sleeve (6) and a plurality of deformed filler rods (6) arranged in the V-shaped grooves between the pins (7), pressed into the V-shaped grooves. Optical fiber terminal connector according to claim 1, characterised in that the inner wall of the sleeve (6) is provided with axially extending ridges (8a) projecting towards the central axis of the sleeve (6). An optical fiber terminal connector comprising a sleeve (6), a plurality of pins (7) accommodated side by side in the sleeve (6) and equidistantly arranged about the center axis (0) of the sleeve (6), with adjacent pins (7) contacting each other along their full length thereby forming an elongated optical fiber receiving passageway (9) and elongated V-shaped cross-section grooves between adjacent external surfaces of the pins (7), and an optical fiber (10) inserted and bonded into the fiber receiving passageway (9), characterised in that the V-shaped grooves between adjacent pins (7) are each filled by the material of the length of the sleeve (6) which is permanently deformed into the V-shaped grooves thereby fixing the pins (7) in their equidistant positions relative to each other. A method of making an optical fiber terminal connector as claimed in claim 1 including the steps of placing a plurality of pins (7) in the sleeve (6) equidistantly arranged about a center axis (0) of the sleeve so that adjacent pins (7) are fixed relative to each other along their full length thereby forming an elongated fiber receiving passageway (9) and elongate V-shaped cross-section grooves between adjacent external surfaces of the pins, and bonding an optical fiber (10) into the fiber receiving passageway (9), characterised in that before the optical fiber (10) is inserted into the fiber receiving passageway (9) the diameter of at least one end portion of the sleeve (6) is reduced by inwardly deforming the sleeve (6) so that deformed material of the sleeve (6) fills the V-shaped grooves between the pins (7) thereby fixing the pins (7) in their positions relative to each other and the sleeve (6). Method according to claim 5, characterised in that the filler rods that have a lower resistance against deformation than the pins (7) are inserted into the V-shaped grooves between adjacent pins (7) before the diameter reducing step. Method according to claim 5, characterised in that the inner wall of the sleeve (6) is provided with axially extending inner ridges (8) projecting towards the center of the sleeve (6) before placing the pins (7) in the sleeve (6). A method of making an optical fiber terminal connector as claimed in claim 4 including the steps of placing a plurality of pins (7) in the sleeve (6) equidistantly arranged about a center axis (0) of the sleeve so that adjacent pins (7) are fixed relative to each other along their full length thereby forming an elongated fiber receiving passageway (9) and elongate V-shaped cross-section grooves between adjacent external surfaces of the pins, and bonding an optical fiber (10) into the fiber receiving passageway (9), characterised in that before the optical fiber (10) is inserted into the fiber receiving passageway (9) the diameter of the sleeve (6) is reduced by inwardly deforming the sleeve (6) so that deformed material of the sleeve (6) fills the V-shaped grooves between the pins (7) thereby fixing the pins (7) in their positions relative to each other and the sleeve (6).

Inventors: KAWANAMI NORIHIDE, KOZU YOSHIKAZU, OKADA KINJIRO, KAWANAMI, NORIHIDE, KOZU, YOSHIKAZU, OKADA, KINJIRO, KAWANAMI, NORIHIDE, C/O HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD., Kozu, Yoshikazu, c/o Organ Needle Co., Ltd., Okada, Kinjiro, c/o HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Applicants: HIROSE ELECTRIC CO LTD, HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G02B6
IPC codes: G02B6