Constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal

Abstract: Constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal, which comprises a resistor (1) having a first terminal (2) which is connected to a first input of a differential amplifier (3) and to an output of a first current mirror (4). The resistor (1) has a second terminal (5) connected to a capacitor (6), said capacitor (6) being further connected to a second input of the differential amplifier (3). The resistor (1) is connected, by means of its second terminal (5), to the output of a second current mirror (7). The differential amplifier (3) has a first output connected to an input terminal of the second current mirror (7) and has a second output connected to an input terminal of the first current mirror (4). The differential amplifier (3), in cooperation with the first and second current mirrors (4,7), transfers an alternating signal from the first terminal (2) to the second terminal (5) of the resistor (1) and vice versa without attenuation.

Description: The present invention relates to a constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal. Sometimes, in various devices, such as for example telephone devices, it is necessary to transfer, without attenuation, the alternating signal which is present at one terminal of a resistor to the other terminal of said resistor, independently both of direct-current drop and of the termination networks. Such a circuit is shown in figure 1. A known solution is the one illustrated in figure 2, wherein a capacitor is arranged in parallel to the resistor. As the value of the resistance of the resistor decreases, it is necessary to increase the capacitance of the capacitor in order to obtain a substantially constant frequency response with minimum attenuation. The increase in the capacitance of the capacitor thus leads to the use of electrolytic capacitors which have an unfortunately low reliability, complicating biasing and increasing the costs of the circuit. There are in fact many examples in which it is necessary to increase the value of the capacitance in order to integrate particular functions executed monolithically, such as for example filtering, compensation and the like. The aim of the present invention is to eliminate or substantially reduce the disadvantages described above by providing a constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal, which eliminates the use of electrolytic capacitors for transferring the signal from one terminal to the other of the resistor. Within the scope of this aim, an object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional transfer circuit which is more reliable than known circuits. Not least object of the present invention is to provide a bidirectional transfer circuit which is relatively easy to manufacture, can be easily integrated and at competitive costs. This aim, these objects and others which will become apparent hereinafter are achieved by a constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises a resistor having a first terminal which is connected to a first input of a differential amplifier and to an output of a first current mirror, said resistor having a second terminal which is connected to a capacitor which has a terminal connected to a second input of said differential amplifier, said resistor being connected, by means of said second terminal, to the output of a second current mirror, said differential amplifier having a first output connected to an input terminal of said second current mirror and having a second output connected to an input terminal of said first current mirror, said differential amplifier, in cooperation with said first and second current mirrors, being suitable for transferring an alternating signal from the first terminal to the second terminal of said resistor without attenuation and vice versa. Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal according to the invention, illustrated only by way of non-limitative example in the accompanying drawings, wherein: figure 1 is an illustrative example of a bidirectional transfer circuit; figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a known bidirectional transfer unit; figure 3 is a block diagram of a constant-absorption bidirectional transfer circuit according to the invention; and figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the circuit according to the invention. With reference to figures 3 and 4, a constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal comprises a resistor 1, having a first terminal 2 which is connected to a first input of a differential amplifier 3 and to an output of a first current mirror 4. The resistor 1 has a second terminal 5 which is connected to a capacitor 6. Said capacitor has a terminal connected to a second input of the differential amplifier 3. The resistor 1 is connected, by means of the second terminal 5, to the output of a second current mirror 7. The differential amplifier 3 has a first output connected to an input terminal of the second current mirror 7 and has a second output connected to an input terminal of the first current mirror 4. The differential amplifier 3, in cooperation with the first current mirror 4 and the second current mirror 7, transfers a signal from the first terminal 2 to the second terminal 5 of the resistor 1 without attenuation. The differential amplifier 3 comprises, as illustrated in figure 4, a first PNP transistor 8 and a second PNP transistor 9, the respective emitter terminals whereof constitute a node which is connected to the first terminal 2 by means of a first current source 10. The base terminal of the first transistor 8 is connected to the first terminal 2 by means of a first biasing resistor 12, whereas the collector terminal of the first transistor 8 is connected to an input terminal of the second current mirror 7, as more clearly explained hereinafter. The base terminal of the second transistor 9 is connected to the first terminal 2 by means of a second biasing resistor 11 and is connected to the second terminal 5 through the capacitor 6. The collector terminal of the second transistor 9 is connected to the input of the first current mirror 4, as more clearly explained hereinafter. There is a voltage source 13 arranged between the first and second biasing resistors 11 and 12 and the first terminal 2, and there is a second current source 14 arranged between the first and second biasing resistors 11 and 12 and the ground. The first current mirror 4 comprises an input which is composed of a node which is constituted by the base terminal of a third NPN transistor 15 and by the anode of a first diode 16; said diode has its cathode connected to the ground. The third transistor 15 has its collector terminal connected to the first terminal 2 and its emitter terminal connected to the ground. The second current mirror 7 comprises an input which is composed of a node which is constituted by the base terminal of a fourth NPN transistor 17 and by the anode of a second diode 18; said second diode 18 has its cathode connected to the ground. The fourth transistor 17 has its own collector terminal connected to the second terminal 5 and its emitter terminal connected to the ground. The voltage source 13 can comprise at least two diodes 19a and 19b arranged in series. The differential amplifier 3 allows to eliminate the difference in alternating voltage which is present between the terminals 2 and 5. The use of the capacitor 6 allows to obtain, at the input terminals of the differential amplifier, the alternating voltage at the terminals 2 and 5. The value of the capacitance of the capacitor can be advantageously reduced independently of the resistance value of the resistor 1. The differential amplifier 3 performs a voltage-current conversion with crossed differential output so as to conveniently allow bidirectionality to the circuit according to the invention and a constant and controlled current consumption. This is particularly advantageous in the case of applications in the field of telephones, since in this field a constant absorption, which might otherwise change the impedance of the telephone line, is often required. If, by way of example, we assume that in the circuital solution illustrated in figure 4 the resistor 1 has a resistance equal to 1 kohm and that the alternating voltage present either on the first terminal 2 or on the second terminal 5 has a peak value equal to 1 volt, it is obvious that the value of the current produced by the current source 10 multiplied by the current gain K (of the first or second current mirrors 4 or 7) must be greater than, or at the most equal to, 1 milliampere. This current gain K is obtained by means of the emitter area ratio between the transistors 15 (17) and the respective diode 16 (18). The differential amplifier operates in class A and the absorption of the circuit, even in the absence of signal, is constant and is equal to the product of the current generated by the current source 10 and the current gain K of the first or second current mirror 4 or 7. A similar result is obtained by replacing the transistors as illustrated in figure 4 with the respective complementary transistors, i.e. a differential amplifier with NPN transistors and current mirrors with PNP transistors, or if N-channel and P-channel MOS transistors are used in both cases, following the indications given in figure 4. What has been advantageously obtained is in practice an amplification of the capacitance, which despite remaining physically small, achieves results which are similar from the point of view of transfer but are better from the point of view of the reliability of said circuit. The invention thus conceived is susceptible to numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept. All the details may furthermore be replaced with other technically equivalent elements. In practice, the materials employed, as well as the dimensions, may be any according to the requirements. Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims and accordingly such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs.

Claims: Constant-absorption circuit for the bidirectional transfer of an alternating signal, characterized in that it comprises a resistor (1) having a first terminal (2) which is connected to a first input of a differential amplifier (3) and to an output of a first current mirror (7), said resistor (1) having a second terminal (5) which is connected to a capacitor (6), said capacitor (6) being further connected to a second input of said differential amplifier (3), said resistor (1) being connected with said second terminal (5) to an output of a second current mirror (7), said differential amplifier (3) having a first output connected to an input terminal of said second current mirror (7) and having a second output connected to an input terminal of said first current mirror (4), said differential amplifier (3), in cooperation with said first and second current mirrors (4,7), being suitable for transferring an alternating signal from the first terminal (2) to the second terminal (5) of said resistor (1) without attenuation and vice versa, and independently of the direct voltage drop across said resistor. Circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that said differential amplifier (3) comprises a first PNP transistor (8) and a second PNP transistor (9), the respective emitter terminals whereof constitute a node which is connected to said first terminal (2) by means of a first current source (10), the base terminal of said first transistor (8) being connected to said first terminal (2) by means of a first biasing resistor (12), the collector terminal of said first transistor (8) being connected to an input terminal of said second current mirror (7), the base terminal of said second transistor (8) being connected to said first terminal (2) by means of a second biasing resistor (11) and being connected to said second terminal (5) through said capacitor (6), the collector terminal of said second transistor (9) being connected to the input of said first current mirror (4), a voltage source (13) being provided between said first and second biasing resistors (11,12) and said first terminal (2) and a second current source (14) being provided between said first and second biasing resistors (11,12) and the ground. Circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that said voltage source (13) comprises at least two diodes (19a,19b) arranged in series. Circuit according to claim 1 characterized in that said first current mirror (4) comprises an input which is composed of a node which is constituted by the base terminal of a third NPN transistor (15) and by the anode of a first diode (16) the cathode whereof is connected to the ground, said third transistor (15) having its own collector terminal connected to said first terminal (2) and its emitter terminal connected to the ground. Circuit according to claim 1 characterized in that said second current mirror (7) comprises an input which is composed of a node which is constituted by the base terminal of a fourth NPN transistor (17) and by the anode of a second diode (18) the cathode whereof is connected to the ground, said fourth transistor (17) having its collector terminal connected to said second terminal (5) and its emitter terminal connected to the ground.

Inventors: ANTONINI CARLO, CONSIGLIO PIETRO, ANTONINI, CARLO, CONSIGLIO, PIETRO
Applicants: SGS THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS, SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS S.R.L.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H04L5
IPC codes: H04L5, H04B3