Apparatus for physiotherapy

Abstract: The apparatus (10) comprises a structure formed by horizontal (12) and vertical (11) sections, incorporating means for suspending the patient (27) at a height which can be adjusted, submitting him to certain forces of elongation produced by his own weight and to shear forces generated by means of an impeller element (36).

Description: This application for a Patent of Invention comprises, as indicated in its declaration, an "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL" , the new structural, shape and design characteristics of which fulfil the task for which it has specifically been designed, with maximum safety and efficiency. The Swiss patent CH-A-11.975, which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1, describes an orthopaedic apparatus for use mainly in the treatment of deviations of the spinal column, comprising guide bars which it is mounted on by means of guide sleeves fitted with adjusting screw, frame, ring and handles, and straps fastened to the ends of a two-arm piece joined to a block and tackle, and which are designed to sustain or keep the patient's head up, and a strap which serves to push the shoulders back and which is fastened to the ring. The morphology of the human spinal column at present transmits the effect of the modulating forces which have operated on it and continue to influence it. The spinal column has not finished evolving, and this is the case when morphological traces resulting from the myotendinous tension produced by the weight of the body and the action of the force of gravity can be detected in the osseous structures. The mechanisms which generate tension affecting the spinal column are increased by the effort we must all put forth to adapt ourselves to different environments and ways of life. The lateral deviation, or deviation in the coronal plane of the spinal column, is specific to man. We can say that scoliosis emerged when our ancestors became bipedal, and therefore, we must recognize that one factor which has determined man's predisposition to contract scoliosis is the different biomechanics of his spinal column. In bipedal condition each vertebral unit receives and supports, in proportion to the height it occupies, an extraordinary force of compression in relation to that endured in the quadrupedal position, as all of the weight is transmitted vertically until finally resting on two points of support: the feet. The exact geometric design of each of the vertebrae has been structured directly related or proportional to the force of compression it supports. The lumbar vertebrae are larger and more solid than the vertebrae in the dorsal region, which support less weight, and in turn, are larger than the cervical vertebrae. The interdiscal pressure in the case of man's bipedal condition may vary in function of the location of his center of gravity and the leverage of his arms which he adopts with his upper extremities and torso. The different activities performed by the human being give rise to a multitude of changes in intervertebral pressure and localization. Changes in the position of the individual, for example, may result in the disk having to support 58 kg/cm² due to a change in the position of the trunk, after having previously supported 15 kg/cm² in the preceding supine position, while the dorsal articulations may be subjected to a shear force of 47 kg. We clearly understand that one of several, or all of the elements stabilizing the spinal column may be affected by any circumstance, whether it be internal or external, and thus upset the balance of the spinal column. Nevertheless, despite the studies carried out up to now, the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis is still not exactly known. As far as the treatment of scoliosis is concerned, there is not in general any uniformity in the guidelines for treatment to be followed. The object of the patent was conceived after prolonged, careful study and experimentation in the physical therapy treatment of scoliosis and deviations of the rachis in general. The conclusions which follow below are the result of the study and experiments referred to above, which were conducted on rabbits, although the rabbit is a quadruped, while man is a biped, just as the biomechanical conditions of the two animals are very different from each other, as we have explained above. In any event, it is a fact that the properly applied corrective techniques will model the developing bone, thus preventing its progressive deformation. From the studies and experiments that have been carried out, the following conclusions have been drawn: manual corrective techniques properly applied during the period of bone growth and development, are effective in the treatment of scoliosis. During the growth period, the bone can be deformed by the forces of traction and compression exerted on it. The constant compression to which the fibrocartilaginous invertebral disks are subjected during the growth period of this tissue, are capable of modifying it and altering its development. Trophism of the bone and fibrocartilaginous tissue is significantly altered by the action and effect of the forces of compression exerted on them. Current physical therapy treatment not only serves to fortify and tone the muscles, or as a coadjutant means accompanying other techniques; it is also effective, per se, in the treatment of scoliosis in individuals in the growth period, as it structurally modifies the behavior of the curves. The apparatus, which will be described below, tend to reproduce in the human spinal column dynamic effects similar to those experimentally produced in the rabbits; in addition, the proposed apparatus was specially designed to operate with enough precision to determine the correct dose of force in relation to the proprioception experienced by the patient. The apparatus under discussion basically features a chassis formed by a structure made up of movable horizontal and vertical sections, which in turn support the elements for sustaining the patient who is to be treated, along with various other means for treating the patient by immobilizing him both vertically and horizontally and allowing for the three dimensional setting of the rachis in elongation with adjustable disrotatory corrective pressure, intermittent or continuous and automatic posture control, in order to be able to subsequently treat the patient in such a way that he receives pressure applied to his sides, right or left, which produces forces of elongation and shear forces on the spinal column, such forces being controlled with respect to time and intensity, and constituting the basis of the treatment. The aforementioned problems are solved by the apparatus of claim 1. The means of sustaining the patient comprise a set of straps, which, with the help of a padded corset, make it possible to suspend the patient from a vertical cross piece, which, in turn, is equipped with the respective means for permitting ascent and descent, in order that the patient may be positioned at the vertical height necessary, given that patients present varying degrees of scoliosis and deformations in general, in different areas, and that in addition, these patients may be of different heights. The means of immobilizing the patient to the apparatus consist of three horizontal rails at the end of which are located a set of curved sections which are equipped with a flexible covering and, when properly regulated, immobilize the patient from in front, from behind, and/or from the right or from the left, where the therapeutic action is exerted by means of a pusher equipped with mechanisms for impulsion and regulation. The pusher is made up of a horizontal axle or piston at the end of which is the pushing element which is coated with a flexible material to prevent injuring the patient. Other details and characteristics of this application for a Patent of Invention will be set forth in the course of the description which is provided below and which makes reference to the drawings accompanying this Memorandum, which represent the preferred details in a rather schematic manner. These details are provided to serve as an example, making reference to one possible case of practical embodiment, but it is not limited to the details set forth there. Therefore, this description should be considered illustrative, containing no limitations of any type. Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine (10) in working position, into which a patient (27) has been placed, suspended by means of a corset (25) from the cross piece (18), and immobilized on the inside of the apparatus by the corresponding horizontal sections (22), to the ends of which the sections are soldered (13). Figure 2 is a top view of the apparatus (10), in which we can see how the structure of the apparatus (10) is formed beginning with the horizontal sections (12) and vertical sections (11) and some means of locking (12) to (11), from section 2-2 as shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a partial side elevation with detail of the elements which sustain the patient (27); these elements comprise a set of straps (19) which hang from rings (42), which in turn are hung from a karabiner (20). The entire assembly is suspended from a series of hooks (41) distributed at different heights on the sections (14b) and secured to the sections (14). The patient is raised and lowered (27) by means of a cable (16) and a set of two pulleys (17) which connect the cable (16) to the cross piece (18). Figure 4 is a partial side elevation of the means for generating force on the patient (27) produced by the shear forces generated by means of an impeller (36) on the section (13) Figure 5 is a top view corresponding to Figure 4, in which we can see the impeller element (36) which acts on the axle (28) to the end of which section (13) is soldered. Figure 6 is a top sectional view of a detail of the possible movements of the sections (22) by means of the boxes (23), (23a) and (23b), the latter of the three boxes being mounted on the sections (11a) and (12). Figure 7 is a side view with a detail of the system for attaching the sections (12) to the sections (11). In one of the preferred embodiments of the object of this application for a Patent of Invention, as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the proposed apparatus comprises a structure formed by some vertical sections or rails (11), over which a set of sections are assembled, forming horizontal cross pieces (12). These cross pieces (12) can be moved vertically upward or downward, guided by the vertical sections (11). The system for locking (12) to (11) can be seen in Figure 7, which shows that at the end of a cross piece (12), a box (12a) with the shape of a quadratic prism without the smaller bases and missing one of the larger plane surfaces. This box (12a) fits around the section or rail (11), (12a) and (11) having been positioned practically in the same transverse section fixing (12) to (11) by means of the flat, rectangular iron plate (39), which is slightly folded forward at the end and fitted into the section (12) by means of the flanged screw (40), which passes through the perforation (39a), the iron plate (39) and the threaded hole (12d) of the horizontal cross piece (12), so that the stub (12c) which protrudes from one of the surfaces of the box (12a) impedes the descent of (12) with respect to (11), as this stub (12c) impedes the descent of (12) and of the iron plate (39) fixed to (12). The elements for immobilizing the patient (27) are assembled on the horizontal cross pieces (12). As can be seen in Figure 6, these elements are formed by a set of rails (22) which slide through the boxes (23), the ends of the rails (22) being soldered to the corresponding sections (13), bearing a slightly curved shape and covered with the corresponding flexible material so as to prevent harm to the patient (27). The positioning of the sections (13) may also be regulated by means of the boxes (23a) which can be moved horizontally, to the left and to the right, all along the horizontal cross piece (12), which in turn is moved by the vertical cross pieces (11a), by means of the box (23b) which slides over (11a). The mobility of the sections (13), in both the horizontal and vertical directions, is insured by the placement of these sections (13), described in the preceding paragraph, so that their positioning is adapted to the constitution of the patient (27) as well as to the area of the spinal column (27) which is being treated. The effectiveness of the apparatus (10), both its moving and stationary or structural parts, depends, as can be seen in Figures 4 and 5, on an arm (28) which moves forward, pushing the section (13) soldered at the end. The force required to move (28) back and forth is generated by the element (36), which may be of any type of medium, either electrical or pneumatic. At the same time, the means of regulating both the time and intensity of the force exerted by (28) can be controlled, while (36), in turn, is controlled differently, by means of the corresponding computer and program, which store in the computer memory the therapy to be given to a particular patient. All of this is aimed at controlling the intensity of the force, mentioned above, to be exerted on (13-28) in function of the type and severity of the scoliosis or other deformations of the rachis which the patient may develop. Given that patient (27) may vary in size, both in width and in height, and that the size of the area to be treated may also vary, the element of force generation which has been described and is shown in detail in Figures 4 and 5, is equipped with the means for limiting the throw as well. These consist in the threaded rod (30) which positions the movable box (29) so that it serves to limit the throw of the arm (28). The position of (29) is adjusted, backward and forward by means of the safety threading (32) which in turn is limited by the stationary box (31). The positioning of (13-28) can be regulated in the vertical direction by means of the box (33) which is fastened with the wing nut (38) to the binomial (13-28), which allows for horizontal changes in position by means of the angular piece (34) connected to (33) by means of the perforation (33a), the axle of rotation (35) and the wing nut (35a) which positions (13-28) at the desired angle. The positioning of the patient will also be a function of the area to be treated, and therefore, in relation to this as well as to the patient's height and width, it should be possible to control his position with respect to the apparatus (10), which for this purpose is equipped with a controllable means of support, made up of the horizontal cross piece (18) which is held in place by the vertical rails (14) with restriction of throw (14a). The vertical movement of the cross piece (18) is controlled by means of a regulator (21), which limits the length of the cable (16), which is drawn by way of the pulleys (17) so that by means of (21) we can move the horizontal cross piece (18) up and down, and the patient (27) along with it. So that the patient (27) can remain suspended from the apparatus (10) in the correct position for therapy, she is fitted with a vest (25) which is cut below the level of the forearms and equipped with immobilization elements (26) and with arm supports (24) which provide cushioning in order to prevent the vest (25) from causing injury to the patient (27). The vest (25) is connected to the horizontal cross piece (18) by means of straps (19) which hang from rings (42), which in turn are suspended from karabiners (20). Preparation of the patient (27) for treatment is carried out, first of all, by setting her in the apparatus (10), placing the vest on her (25) in order to subsequently adjust the height of suspension by means of (21), until the patient is positioned in such a way that the immobilizing sections (13) can be placed on her at the proper height, and thus the treatment can be initiated on the apparatus described above, with shear forces exerted on the spinal column of the patient (27) and generated by the device (36) which in turn, can be programmed by means of a personal computer and the corresponding program adapted to the apparatus and the therapy.

Claims: "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", comprising a structure formed by horizontal (12) and vertical (11) sections, the horizontal sections (12) being attached on the vertical ones and being vertically displaceable and further comprising means for sustaining and imobilizing the patient (27) by three-dimensional setting of the rachis in elongation, which means is adjustable in height, to subdue the patient also to shear forces exerted on the spinal column of the patient (27), characterised in that the sustaining means comprises curved sections (13) mounted on the horizontal sections (12) and being horizontally displaceable thereon, further comprising a threaded rod (30) and a setnut (32) to adjust the position of at least one of the curved sections (13) and an impulse device (36), whereby the at least one curved section (13) is movable back and forth by means of an impulse device (36) controllable with respect to intensity, direction and time. "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to the first claim, characterized in that the horizontal sections (12) can be slid up and down by means of the boxes (12a) soldered onto the ends of them, the boxes lacking the two smaller bases and one of the larger plane surfaces, and protruding from one of the larger surfaces is a stub (12b) to insure against slipping. "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the locking of the horizontal section (12) to the vertical section (11) is carried out by means of the iron plate (39) folded forward at one of its ends, a perforation (39a) which remains aligned with the perforation (12d) in the section (12), and a flanged screw (40) which is introduced through a perforation (39a) and a threaded hole (12d); the accidental descent of (12) with respect to (11) is prevented, as movement of (12) is restricted by the stub (12c) on the iron plate (39). "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to the first claim, characterized in that the means of sustaining the patient (27) to the apparatus (10) futher comprise a vest (25) which is equipped with arm supports (24) and bands of an adhesive material (26) for fastening the vest (25) around the patient (27). "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to the first and fourth claims, characterized in that a set of straps (19) which emerge from the back, front and upper parts of the vest (25), allowing for the patient (27) to be sustained from the horizontal cross piece (18) with the help of the rings (42), assembled in karabiners (20), which in turn are suspended from hooks (41b) distributed along a section (14b), which is connected and parallel to a vertical rail (14), in that a cross piece (18) is movable vertically up and down, as it is connected to the vertical rails (14) with restriction of stroke (14a). "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to any of the preceeding claims, characterized in that the curved sections (13) are cushioned. "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to the first and sixth claims, characterized in that the position of the sections (13) can also be regulated in the vertical direction, as box (23) is soldered to a section (11a), which can be moved by means of a second box (23b), which, in turn, is secured to the horizontal rail (12) by means of a box (23a). "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to the first claim, characterized in that the section (28) moves along the interior of the boxes (29, 31, 33), the latter of the three boxes (33) being equipped with means for tightening via a flanged screw (38) soldered to an angular piece (34) and secured to section (43) and to the horizontal section (12) by means of the box (41) with the means for tightening (41a). "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the curved section (13) is driven, in addition to a horizontal movement, by another movement of rotation about the axle (35), caused by the angular piece (34) soldered to the box (33), which can be positioned by means of the wing nut (35a). "APPARATUS FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY IN SCOLIOSIS AND DEVIATIONS OF THE RACHIS IN GENERAL", according to the eighth and ninth claims, characterized in that the horizontal adjustment of the curved section (13) is regulated by means of the threaded rod (30) and the setnut (32) with the help of the boxes (29) and (31), from the bottom of which emerge flanges (29a) and (31a), which embrace the threaded rod (30).

Inventors: SASTRE FERNANDEZ SANTOS, SASTRE, FERNANDEZ SANTOS
Applicants: SASTRE FERNANDEZ SANTOS, SASTRE, FERNANDEZ SANTOS
Application year: 1991
Main classification: A61H1
IPC codes: A61F5, A61H1