Electronic camera

Abstract: An electronic camera includes a sensor for detecting an image of a subject, a sensor (2) for detecting a three dimensional position and azimuth of the camera, a focusing amount detector (6) and a zoom amount detector (7), so that the image is recorded on a record medium (4a) together with information concerning the three dimensional position and azimuth, the focusing amount and the zoom amount. An image reproducing device for the camera reproduces the image recorded on the record medium (4a) on the basis of the information so that an interrelationship between a plurality of images recorded on the record medium (4a) is clearly reproduced. Accordingly, the camera and the reproducing device are suitable for combining the recorded images so as to prepare a panoramic image and to locate a desired article within the image which may be accommodated together with different articles.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to an electronic camera which is usable for storing image data on a record medium together with auxiliary data including information concerning a three dimensional position/direction of the camera, a focusing and a zoom amount of the camera. The invention further relates to an image reproducing device for reproducing the image data stored on the record medium in association with the auxiliary data such that an interrelationship between a plurality of images being recorded is clarified. 2. Description of the Background Art In general, many kinds of cameras have been used as an image recording device for storing a reproduceable image of a subject on a record medium. Recently, there has been proposed an electronic camera usable for electronically recording the image on a record medium such as a floppy disk and/or a memory card. In the electronic camera or a video camera, image information on the record medium is recorded electronically and is therefore conveniently applicable to various fields and media formats. However, despite high reproduceability, conventional cameras do not have any mechanism for recording information which relates to interrelationship between a plurality of images stored on the record medium except for the recording date and time. Therefore, when the same portion of the same subject appears in separate images stored on the record medium, the camera does not have any means by which to register like portions of respective images of the same subject nor by which represent combined images smoothly and clearly. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for preparing a panoramic view using a conventional camera. The camera 101, held in place, records separate images 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d continuously, while changing the camera angle, such that respective images are partially overlapped with adjacent ones. The images 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d must be combined to produce the panoramic view, by carefully overlapping the same portions of the same subjects which appear in the respective adjacent images. However, in the conventional method, difficulty is encountered due to the fact that multiple image recording should be done : (1) at the same magnification, (2) in series without any missing image portions, (3) from the same position without any change in camera direction. Generally, in the case of continuous shots at a given place, it is required to record an image in detail at a high magnification or from various different angles relative to the subject. In conventional systems, the above-mentioned points are not completely satisfied. For example, for photographing archeological excavations, or the like, continuous panoramic images are desirable at various scales and from various viewpoints. In order to eliminate the above inconvenience, conventional cameras prepare a memorandum upon shooting, in which information including a position of the camera, a direction thereof and the like are noted. When such information cannot be exactly noted, a rough schematic drawing incompletely illustrating the position and direction is prepared. As described above, conventionally proposed cameras are not provided with a mechanism for detecting and recording information about a three dimensional position and direction of the camera. Therefore, the camera may not be utilized, for example, for searching articles stored in an office or warehouse. In document EP-A-0 141 508, there is disclosed a video map display system in which stored overlay information can be superimposed over a displayed image. For instance, the displayed image may be a street plan, and the overlay information a corresponding portion of a telephone line network. The display system applies an appropriate scaling to the overlay image generator to ensure accurate superposition on the map. Document JP-A-63 142 991 discloses a panoramic image synthesizing system in which images of different size but observed from the same viewpoint are collated. An image synthesizing processor is provided with information concerning the view direction and size of the image by means of an input device and controller. The image processor then selects one or more images having the view direction and size supplied from the input device and controller. The images are thereby re-scaled to a targeted size and linked to obtain a targeted view direction. In a paper by I.S. Sorokevich entitled "Coordinate tying-in of a television picture in the case of remote sensing of the earth", published in Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 44 (1989) April, No. 4, New York, US, there is described a real-time process for fitting observed earth images into a coordinate system by calculations based on the satellites navigational data. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above and to provide an electronic camera which records an image on a record medium together with auxiliary information concerning a three dimensional position of the camera, an azimuth thereof. and the like. It is another object of the invention to provide an image reproducing device which reproduces the image stored on the record medium in association with such auxiliary information so that an interrelationship between a plurality of recorded images is smoothly integrated. In order to accomplish these objects, there is provided an electronic camera comprising : a lens section capable of focusing incident light having an image of a subject to be recorded; first detecting means for detecting the image of the subject in response to the incident light passing through the lens section, on the basis of which image data is formed; second detecting means for detecting a focusing amount from which a distance between the camera and the subject is derived, third detecting means for detecting a zoom amount from which zoom magnification is derived, magnetic recording means for recording the image data and the auxiliary data on a record medium; characterized in that it further comprises : fourth detecting means for detecting a three dimensional position at which the camera is located and an azimuth of the camera; and a processing unit for generating auxiliary data for storage together with the associated image data, said auxiliary data specifying the three dimensional position and the azimuth detected by said fourth detecting means, the focusing amount and the zoom amount detected respectively by said second and third detecting means; said magnetic recording means being electrically connected to said first detecting means and through said processing unit to said second, third and fourth detecting means. There is also provided an image reproducing apparatus and its use as set in claims 5 and 9 respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be understood from the detailed description given hereinbelow and from the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiment which are given for explanation and understanding only and are not intended to imply limitation of the invention. In the drawings : FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an electronic camera according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the camera shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of an image reproducing device according to the invention; FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams explaining a search operation of the device according to the invention; and FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an image-combining operation of an electronic camera according to the prior art. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiment of an electronic camera according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiment is indicated as an electronic camera utilized as a still picture recording device, though it will be noted that the present invention may be embodied in various other ways. Referring to FIG. 1, an electronic camera 1 has a camera housing 1a, a lens section 1b having a lens and a shutter button 1c. The housing 1a includes a three dimensional position- and azimuth-sensor 2, an image sensor 3, a magnetic recording unit 4, and a processing unit 5. The lens section 1b including a lens controlling unit is provided with a focusing amount detector 6 and a zoom amount detector 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the shutter button 1c and the image sensor 3 are electrically connected to the magnetic recording unit 4. The image sensor 3 detects an image focussed by manual- or auto-focus operation, through the lens section 1b in response to depression of the shutter button 1c and transmits an image signal to the magnetic recording unit 4 where image data corresponding to the image signal is magnetically recorded on a record medium 4a such as a floppy disk. Further, each of the three dimensional position- and azimuth-sensor 2, the focusing amount detector 6 and the zoom amount detector 7 is electrically connected through the processing unit 5 to the magnetic recording unit 4. The three dimensional position and azimuth-sensor 2 detects a three dimensional position, in which the camera 1 is located, and an azimuth of the camera 1. Signals corresponding to the detected position and azimuth are transmitted to the processing unit 5. The focusing amount detector 6 detects a focusing amount and transmits a signal indicative thereof to the processing unit 5 where a distance between the camera and the subject is calculated on the basis of the detected focusing amout. The zoom amount detector 7 detects a zoom amount and transmits a zoom amount signal to the processing unit 5 which calculates zoom magnification or the basis of the detected zoom amount. When signals corresponding to the detected focusing amount and the detected zoom amount are transmitted to the processing unit 5, the processing unit 5 generates an auxiliary information signal which is associated with the image now detected at the image sensor. The auxiliary information signal is transmitted to the magnetic recording unit 4 and then stored as auxiliary data together with the associated image data on the record medium 4a. Sensors usable as the sensor 2 of the present invention include a global positioning system which detects three dimensional position and azimuth by analyzing radio waves received from a communications satellite or the like, and a geomagnetic sensor which detects only azimuth. Since the global positioning system has an error range of 10 - 20 m upon detecting a three dimensional position, it is desirable to employ an ultrasonic sensor when higher sensing accuracy is required. In this case, the ultrasonic sensor detects respective ultrasonic waves emitted from at least three ultrasonic sources arranged at predetermined positions and analyzes the three dimensional position and the azimuth. Additionally, an electromagnetic sensor is applicable, which has three coils wound in separate three directions. The electromagnetic sensor detects a change in an amount of a current flowing through each coil when receiving radio waves emitted from a source located at a predetermined position. In other words, in the electromagnetic sensor, the three dimensional position and the azimuth are detected as changes in the amount of current in respective coils thereof. One preferred embodiment of an image reproducing device for the aforementioned electronic camera, according to the present invention will be described hereinbelow. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the image reproducing device. The image reproducing device 10 includes a disk drive 11 for reading out the image data and the associated auxiliary data which are recorded on the record medium 4a. The image data and the auxiliary data read out from the record medium 4a by the disk drive 11 are transmitted to the computer 14. In the case that the read-out image data is in the form of analog signals, the disk drive 11 is connected to the computer 14 via an A/D convertor 12 which converts analog signals to digital signals. digital signals of the read-out data or digital signals digitized by the A/D convertor 12 transmitted to the computer 14 are forwarded to a memory 13 in which the digital signals are temporarily stored. Further, the computer 14 is connected to a frame memory 15 and a mouse 16 through which user commands are transmitted to the computer 14. Depending upon the user command, the computer 14 derives digital signals stored in the memory 13 and edits, processes or searches the image data on the basis of the associated auxiliary data stored in the memory 13. The image data edited, processed or searched by the computer 14 is transmitted to the frame memory 15 and stored therein. The frame memory 15 is connected to 3 display 17. After the digital signals of the image data are converted into analog signals, the image is reproduced on the display 17. The auxiliary data stored in the record medium 4a together with the image data includes information such as the three dimensional position at which the camera 1 is located, the azimuth of the camera 1, the distance between the camera 1 and the subject and an angle of visibility (view). These are calculated by either the processing unit 5 of the camera 1 or the computer 14 of the reproducing device 10 on the basis of respective values detected by the three dimensional position-and azimuth-sensor 2, the focusing amount detector 6 and the zoom amount detector 7. The computer 14 performs various processing operations on the image data on the basis of the auxiliary data. For instance, the computer 14 combines a plurality of separate images in order to produce a panoramic image, or reduces the respective image data to totally indicate the images in a chart form on the display. The computer 14 has a capability to zoom in or out on a portion of the image to be show same in enlarged or reduced scale, and to mark the subject image area to be affected. In addition, the computer 14 may search for an article, conforming to specific image data in a warehouse or an office, for example. OPERATION The aforementioned embodiment of the present invention will be described hereinbelow with respect to its operation and function. The image sensor 3 of the electronic camera 1 detects an image in response to incident light passing through the lens section 1b. The detected image is transmitted to the magnetic recording unit 4 where the image is recorded as image data on the record medium 4a. The three dimensional position- and azimuth-sensor 2 detects a three dimensional position and an azimuth of the camera 1 which is located in a predetermined position. The focusing amount detector 6 and the zoom amount detector 7 are provided in the camera 1 and detect a focusing amount and a zoom amount of the camera 1, respectively. The three dimensional position, the azimuth, the focusing amount and the zoom amount detected by the respective sensors and the detectors are transmitted to the processing unit 5. The processing unit 5 calculates a coordinate of the position of the camera 1, the azimuth of the camera, a distance between the camera 1 and the subject, or focal point, and zoom magnification value on the basis of the data transferred from the sensors 2, 6, 7. The processing unit 5 further converts the calculated values into magnetically recordable signals and transmits the signals to the magnetic recording unit 4. The transmitted signals are recorded on the record medium 4a as auxiliary data together with the image data. Subsequently, the image data recorded on the record medium 4a is reproduced by the image reproducing device 10. In this embodiment, a variety of reproductions of the image data are performed by associating with the auxiliary data, in addition to usual reproduction of the image. The image data and the auxiliary data which are recorded in association on the record medium 4a are transmitted to the computer 14 so that the image data may be rearranged or converted by the computer 14 into three dimensional image data. For example, in the case of preparation of a panoramic image, a plurality of images with various magnification are converted to those having the same magnification, based on the zoom magnification contained in the auxiliary data for each image. The converted image data is stored in the frame memory 15 in association with the position coordinates and the azimuth of the auxiliary data. The image data stored in the frame memory 15 is read out and indicated on the display 17 in a scrollable manner to form a panoramic image. In this case, if desired, the image may be zoomed so as to be magnified. Further, if the image data stored in the frame memory 15 has a large zoom magnification, details of the image subject can be conveniently observed. Diagrams (a), (b), (c) of FIG. 4 are directed to a process of searching for an article stored in such a place as a warehouse. Referring to the diagram (a) of FIG. 4, reduced images of articles are represented together in the form of a table on the display 17. A user finds a desired article in the table and marks the article by moving a cursor with the mouse 16. The computer 14 calculates a coordinate of the position of the marked article in accordance with the auxiliary data associated with the image data, which includes a three dimensional position of the camera, an azimuth of the camera and a distance between the camera and the article. A point based on the coordinate of the position is plotted in a whole image in which the article in concern appears together with other surrounding articles, by placing a mark such as a star as illustrated in the diagram (b) of FIG. 4. To this end, the desired article is correctly searched from other ones throughout a total recorded image. As shown in the diagram (c) of FIG. 4, a star symbol is positioned on the desired article which is present, in this example, together with other articles in a carton or box. As shown in each of the diagrams (b) and (c), the article in concern is in a position marked with the star symbol. Thus, the desired article is searched out from a plurality of articles which are accommodated in the same place. In the search for the desired article as mentioned above, diagrams (a), (b), (c) of FIG. 5 illustrate a process for judging whether or not the target article exists in an image in which a plurality of articles appear. The diagram (a) is a top view showing an arrangement of the camera 1 and an article 20 which are on the same plane. The diagram (b) is a side view showing the same arrangement as that of the diagram (a). The diagram (c) shows the coordinate of the position of the article plotted in an image which is formed by pixel w in the transverse direction and pixel h in the longitudinal direction. In the diagrams, an X-axis extends perpendicular to the Y-axis in the horizontal direction so as to define a flat plane. A Z-axis extends from a point of intersection of the X-axis and the Y-axis in the vertical direction and perpendicular to the flat plane. If the point of intersection is taken as an origin, the coordinate of the position of the article is represented as (x 0 , y 0 , z 0 ) and the coordinate of the position of the camera is represented as (x, y, z) in the image. A direction vector of the camera is represented as (a, b, c). A horizontal direction angle of view of the camera is represented as α while a vertical direction angle is represented as β. In this case, it is assumed that the coordinate of the position of the article exists in the image when the following expression is satisfied: a(x o - x)+b(y o - y) a 2 + b 2 · (x o - x) 2 + (y o - y) 2 >cos ( α 2 ) a(x o - x)+c(z o - z) a 2 + c 2 · (x o - x) 2 + (z o - z) 2 >cos ( β 2 ) where, 0°<α, β<180°. Further, as shown in the diagram (c) of FIG. 5, when the center of an image is taken as an origin point, the position of the article is plotted by the coordinate (w', h') in the image which is obtained by the following expressions: w'= w 2α · cos -1 a(x o - x)+b(y o - y) a 2 + b 2 · (x o - x) 2 + (y o - y) 2 h'= h 2β · cos -1 a(x o - x)+c(z o - z) a 2 + c 2 · (x o - x) 2 + (z o - z) 2 With respect to w′ of the above expression, if a(y 0 -y)-b(x 0 -x) has a positive value, cos -1 has a positive value. Conversely, if a(y 0 -y)-b(x 0 -x) has a negative, cos -1 has a negative value. With respect to h′ of the expression, if a(z 0 -z)-c(x 0 -x) has a positive value, cos -1 has a positive value. If a(z 0 -z)-c(x 0 -x) has a negative value, cos -1 has a negative value. The present invention is not limited only to electronic camera for a still photograph recording but is further applicable for a moving-image recording device such as a video camera. In addition, according to the present invention, the three dimensional position is accurately detected by an image processing or a stereopsia generation which is realized by collating and correcting the data concerning a position of the camera and the subject. To this end, simulation of a free navigation in three dimensional space is realized in addition to the search for the article as mentioned on the above. Although the preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes all information of the auxiliary data concerning the position and direction of the camera, the focusing amount and the zoom amount, it will be apparent that the invention may employ all or some of the information or a combination thereof. Accordingly, many modifications and variations can be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention is defined in the appended claims. As is obvious from the aforementioned description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronic camera is capable of immediately and simultaneously recording a plurality of images which are concerned with each other with respect to the same subject. Further, the image reproducing device reproduces the image on the basis of the auxiliary data. Accordingly, depending upon such a data storage function of the camera, a position of each article accommodated in such a place as a warehouse can be surely found out without any direct visual detection of the article so that convenient arrangement or storage of articles is effectively realized. Moreover, the individual images being recorded are three-dimensionally reproduceable and usable for a wide variety of applications.

Claims: An electronic camera comprising : a lens section (1b) capable of focusing incident light having an image of a subject to be recorded; first detecting means (3) for detecting the image of the subject in response to the incident light passing through the lens section (1b), on the basis of which image data is formed; second detecting means (6) for detecting a focusing amount from which a distance between the camera (1) and the subject is derived, third detecting means (7) for detecting a zoom amount from which zoom magnification is derived. magnetic recording means (4) for recording the image data and auxiliary data on a record medium (4a); characterized in that it further comprises : fourth detecting means (2) for detecting a three dimensional position at which the camera (1) is located and an azimuth of the camera; and a processing unit (5) for generating the auxiliary data for storage together with the associated image data, said auxiliary data specifying the three dimensional position and the azimuth detected by said fourth detecting means (2), the focusing amount and the zoom amount detected respectively by said second and third detecting means (6, 7); said magnetic recording means (4) being electrically connected to said first detecting means (3) and through said processing unit (5) to said second, third and fourth detecting means (6, 7, 2). The electronic camera according to claim 1, wherein said second and third detecting means (6, 7) are mounted on said lens section (1b) and said lens section (1b) includes control means for controlling the focusing amount and the zoom amount. The electronic camera according to claim 1, wherein said third detecting means (6) and said fourth detecting means (7) are mounted on said lens section (1b). The electronic camera according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said processing means (5) also comprises means for calculating, on the basis of said auxiliary data, information on at least one of : the three-dimensional position at which said camera (1) is located, the distance between the camera and the subject, and the angle of visibility. An apparatus for reproducing images recorded by the electronic camera of claim 1, comprising : a disk drive (11) for reading said image data and said auxiliary data recorded on said recording medium (4a); a computer (14) for editing, processing or searching the image data read out by said disk drive (11), on the basis of the auxiliary data read out by said disk drive (11); a memory (13) in which the read-out image data and the read-out auxiliary data are stored; a frame memory (15) in which the read-out image data edited, processed or searched by said computer (14) are temporarily stored; a display unit (17) for displaying the image data stored in said frame memory (15); characterized in that it further comprises : means for selectively delivering from said computer to said frame memory an image as a function of a position of the camera with respect to said image, said position information being obtained from said auxiliary data. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising : means for converting, on the basis of said zoom amount data stored in said memory (13), image data representative of a same subject taken at different camera positions with various magnifications to data representative of corresponding images having a same magnification; and means for combining, on the basis of said position data and said azimuth data stored in said frame memory (15), said data representative of images having a same magnification to obtain data representative of a panoramic image of said subject. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising : a pointing device (16) for designating an object on an image displayed on said display unit (17); and means for determining and indicating the position of said designated object with respect to a coordinate system on the basis of said auxiliary data stored in said recording medium (4a). The apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein said computer (14) also comprises means for calculating, on the basis of said auxiliary data, information on at least one of : the three-dimensional position at which said camera (1) is located, the distance between the camera and the subject, and the angle of visibility. Use of the image reproducing apparatus according to claim 7 or 8 for finding a stored article among a group of articles stored at different physical locations identified by a coordinate system by : storing at least one image in which the articles of said group are depicted; storing as auxiliary data in said memory (13), for each article, data representative of a three-dimensional position of said camera, an azimuth of said camera and a distance between said camera and said article; displaying reduced images of said articles in the form of a table on said display unit (17); designating an article to be searched using said pointing device (16); calculating the coordinates of the designated article on the basis of said auxiliary data; and plotting, in a whole image containing said designated article amongst surrounding articles, a point representing the coordinates of said designated article and thereby identifying that article with a mark.

Inventors: KOJIMA KIYONOBU, KOJIMA, KIYONOBU, Kojima, Kiyonobu, c/o SONY CORPORATION
Applicants: SONY CORP, SONY CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H04N1
IPC codes: H04N1, G02B27, H04N5, G03B37, G01S5, G09F9