Laser apparatus

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes first (LR1) and second (LR2) laser rods disposed to respective sides of a centre point (0) on an optical axis (Ax), respectively, first (L1) and second (L2) concave lenses, for compensating the first and second thermal lenses, disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point on the optical axis and inner sides of the first and second laser rods, respectively, first (M1) and second (M2) reflection mirrors disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point on the optical axis and outer sides of the first and second laser rods, respectively, a first supporting unit (BL1) for supporting the first laser rod and the second concave lens such that the distance therebetween on the optical axis is kept to be a constant value, and a second supporting unit (BL2) for supporting the second laser rod and the first concave lens such that the distance therebetween on the optical axis is kept to be a constant value, wherein the first and second supporting units are relatively movable on the optical axis.

Description: The present invention generally relates to a laser apparatus and more particularly to a laser apparatus in which end faces of a laser medium disposed between a pair of reflection mirrors are excited by a pumping light beam applied from a laser light source such as a semiconductor laser element or the like thereby to cause oscillation and to radiate laser light. A solid state laser apparatus is known in which a laser rod or laser medium made of Nd:YAG etc. is disposed between a pair of reflection mirrors and the end faces of the laser rods are excited by a pumping light beam applied from a laser light source such as a semiconductor laser element. However, in this conventional solid state laser apparatus, a thermal lens is caused to form in the laser rod due to the heating of the rod by the pumping light beam, so that conventionally it has been intended to compensate for this thermal lens by providing a concave lens. The focal length of the thermal lens, however, changes with the intensity of the pumping light beam so that it has been necessary to select the focal length of the compensating concave lens according to the intended pumping beam intensity and further to adjust the relative position, on the optical axis, of the compensation concave lens or reflection mirrors with respect to the laser rod. Thus, it is difficult to adapt the conventional solid state laser apparatus to different pumping beam intensities. Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved laser apparatus in which the aforementioned shortcomings and disadvantages of the prior art can be reduced or eliminated. More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved laser apparatus which is capable of easily adjusting the positions of optical elements in order to compensate for the thermal lens formed in the laser rod. According to the present invention there is provided a laser apparatus comprising: a) first and second laser rods in which, in use, first and second thermal lenses respectively are formed; said first and second laser rods being disposed at both sides of a centre point on an optical axis, respectively; b) first and second concave lenses, for compensating said first and second thermal lenses, disposed at first and second sides of the centre point on the optical axis and at inner sides of said first and second laser rods, respectively; c) first and second reflection mirrors disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point on the optical axis and outer sides of said first and second laser rods, respectively; d) first supporting means for supporting said first laser rod and said second concave lens such that the distance therebetween on the optical axis is kept to be a constant value; and e) second supporting means for supporting said second laser rod and said first concave lens such that the distance therebetween on the optical axis is kept to be a constant value, wherein said first and second supporting means are relatively movable on the optical axis. Other, optional features of the invention are defined in the sub-claims. The invention will be further described by way of non-limitative example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating constructions of an optical system of a laser apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating construction of a supporting system of the lens system of the laser apparatus of the embodiment. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like or corresponding elements throughout the drawings. Referring now to Figure 1 which illustrates constructions of an optical system of a preferred embodiment of the laser apparatus according to the present invention, first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 made of Nd:YAG are disposed on an optical axis AX to respective sides of its centre point 0, first and second concave lenses L1 and L2 having focal lengths of Fc and Fc′ respectively for compensating thermal lens are disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point 0 of the optical axis AX and inner sides of the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 respectively, and first and second reflection mirrors (concave mirrors or dichroic mirrors), M1 and M2 are disposed at positions which are both sides of the centre point 0 of the optical axis AX and outer sides of the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 respectively. These optical elements LR1, LR2, L2, M1 and M2 constitute a laser resonator. The focal lengths of thermal lenses HL1 and HL2 respectively formed in the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 will be referred to as Fa and Fa′, respectively. The first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 are excited by first and second pumping light beams PB1 and PB2, which are respectively laser beams with a wavelength of 808 nm emitted from laser diodes (not shown), applied at the end sides of the laser rods LR1 and LR2 from outer sides of the first and second concave mirrors M1 and M2 through the mirrors M1 and M2 to thereby generate first and second laser beams LB1 and LB2 of a wave length of 1064 nm, respectively. The first and second laser beams LB1 and LB2 are repeatedly reflected between the first and second concave mirrors M1 and M2 to generate a laser beam. Further, the solid state laser apparatus of this embodiment has, as shown in Figure 2, a first supporting unit (a first block of substantially cylindrical configuration) BL1 for maintaining the distance on the optical axis AX between the first laser rod LR1 and the concave lens L2 at a constant value, and a second supporting unit (a second block of substantially cylindrical configuration with diameter substantially the same as the first block BL1) BL2 for maintaining the distance on the optical axis AX between the second laser rod LR2 and the first concave lens L1 at a constant value. A piezoelectric element is provided at an outer end of one of or both the first and second supporting units BL1 and BL2. The first and second supporting units BL1 and BL2 are guided by a linear groove (not shown) with a V-shaped cross section and movable along the optical axis AX along the groove, whereby the thermal lenses HL1 and HL2 formed in the laser rods LR1 and LR2 can be compensated for by the first and second concave lenses L1 and L2 by suitably moving the first and second supporting units. The solid state laser apparatus of this embodiment further includes, as shown in Figure 1, a quartz rotator element (or optically active element) RP disposed at the centre point O on the optical axis AX such that thermal birefringence of the same amount generated in the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 is compensated for by optically rotating the retardation by 90° when the focal lengths Fa and Fa′ of the thermal lenses HL1 and HL2 formed in the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 are equal to each other. Now, as shown in Figure 1, it is supposed that, on the optical axis AX, the distance between the thermal lens HL1 formed in the first laser rod LR1, which seems to be positioned at the centre position of the first laser rod LR1 on the optical axis AX, and the first concave lens L1 is taken as x, the distance between the thermal lens HL2 formed in the second laser rod LR2, which seems to be positioned at the centre position of the second laser rod LR2 on the optical axis AX, and the second concave lens L2 is taken as x′, and the distance between the first and second concave lenses L1 and L2 is taken as y. In this case, the distance d between the thermal lens HL1 formed in the first laser rod LR1 and the second concave lens L2 is d = x + y The distance d is fixed by the first block BL1. Also, the distance d′ between the thermal lens HL2 formed in the second laser rod LR2 and the first concave lens L1 is d′ - x′ + y The distance d′ is fixed by the second block BL2. Now, assuming that the focal lengths Fa and Fa′ of the thermal lenses HL1 and HL2 formed in the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 are equal to each other and the above described distances d and d′ are equal to each other, then the distance y between the first and second concave lenses L1 and L2 changes when the first and second supporting units BL1 and BL2 are relatively moved to each other along the optical axis AX. However, when the distance y between the first and second concave lenses L1 and L2 is adjusted in such a manner that the distance x between the thermal lens HL1 of the first laser rod LR1 and the first concave lens L1 becomes x = d - y = Fa + Fc, if a parallel beam LB1 is radiated onto the thermal lens HL1 of the first laser rod LR1 from the first concave mirror M1 side, the parallel beam LB1 is converged by the thermal lens HL1 so as to be focused at the focal point thereof and the converged beam LB1 is converted into a parallel laser beam by the first concave lens L1 in accordance with the above-described relation of x = d - y = Fa + Fc when it is radiated into the first concave lens L1. Also, when a parallel beam LB2 is radiated in the thermal lens HL2 of the second laser rod LR2 from the second concave mirror M2 side, the parallel beam LB2 is converged by the thermal lens HL2 so as to be focused at the focal point thereof and the converged beam LB2 is converted into a parallel laser beam by the second concave lens L2 in accordance with a relation x′ = d′ - y = d - y = Fa + Fc when it is radiated into the second concave lens L2. Thus, the optical paths on both sides of the centre point O on the optical axis AX become symmetrical with respect to the centre point O. Similarly, even if the laser beams LB1 and LB2 respectively radiated into the thermal lenses HL1 and HL2 of the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 are both converged laser beams or divergent laser beams, these laser beams LB1 and LB2 can be converted into parallel laser beams after passing through the thermal lenses HL1 and HL2 of the first and second laser rods LR1 and LR2 and the first and second concave lenses L1 and L2, respectively, by adjusting the distance y between the first and second concave lenses L1 and L2 by using a similar principle. Therefore, according to the present invention as described above, the first and second laser rods are disposed at both sides of the centre point on the optical axis, the first and second concave lenses for compensating the thermal lenses are disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point on the optical axis and the inner sides of the first and second laser rods respectively, the first and second reflection mirrors are disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point on the optical axis and the outer sides of the first and second laser rods respectively, the distance on the optical axis between the first laser rod and the second concave lens is fixed by the first supporting unit, the distance on the optical axis between the second laser rod and the first concave lens is fixed by the second supporting unit, and the first and second supporting units are arranged to be relatively movable on the optical axis, so that the positions of the optical elements on the optical axis can be easily adjusted in order to compensate the thermal lenses even when the degrees of the thermal lens effects of the laser rods have changed. Having described the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to that precise embodiment and that various changes and modifications thereof could be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A laser apparatus comprising: a) first and second laser rods (LR1, LR2) in which, in use, first and second thermal lenses (HL1, HL2) respectively are formed; said first and second laser rods being disposed at both sides of a centre point (O) on an optical axis (AX), respectively; b) first and second concave lenses (L1, L2), for compensating said first and second thermal lenses, disposed at first and second sides of the centre point on the optical axis and at inner sides of said first and second laser rods, respectively; c) first and second reflection mirrors (M1, M2) disposed at positions which are to respective sides of the centre point on the optical axis and outer sides of said first and second laser rods, respectively; d) first supporting means (BL1) for supporting said first laser rod and said second concave lens such that the distance therebetween on the optical axis is kept to be a constant value; and e) second supporting means (BL2) for supporting said second laser rod and said first concave lens such that the distance therebetween on the optical axis is kept to be a constant value, wherein said first and second supporting means are relatively movable on the optical axis. A laser apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising rotary polarization means (RP) disposed at the centre point on the optical axis. A laser apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said first supporting means supports at its one end said first laser rod and at its other end said second concave lens, said second supporting means supports at its one end said second laser rod and at its other end said first concave lens, and said first and second supporting means are relatively movable on the optical axis in a manner that an optical path passing from said first reflection mirror to the centre point on the optical axis through said first laser rod and said first concave lens and an optical path passing from said second reflection mirror to the centre point on the optical axis through said second laser rod and said second concave lens are symmetrical with respect to the centre point on the optical axis.

Inventors: KUBOTA SHIGEO, KUBOTA, SHIGEO
Applicants: SONY CORP, SONY CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H01S3
IPC codes: H01S3