Connectors with ground structure

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical connector with a ground structure for impedance and cross talk control between signal carrying conductors such as a circuit (224) and a connector (400) having first contacts (435) and second side contacts (465). In particular, a right angle or angled connector (200) comprising an insulative housing (230) having side walls (230) and a plurality of passages in rows and columns within the side walls. The connector further comprises a first plurality of contact elements (235), each element having a third and fourth (255) contact, the third contacts arranged for contacting the first contacts (435) and the fourth contacts (255) extending at an angle to the third contacts (235). The connector further comprises a conductor (240) arranged on a side wall (230) having a fifth contacts (265) for contacting the second side contacts (465) of the second connector (400) and a sixth contacts (275) for contacting a conductive shield (300), the shield having contacts (315) positioned in rows and columns with the fourth contacts (255) for connection to the circuit (224).

Description: This invention relates to electrical connectors with a ground structure for impedance and cross talk control between signal carrying conductors. With the advance of technology, a high density of electronic circuits and components can be located on a printed wiring board or printed circuit board (PCB). Along with this miniaturization of electronic circuits and components, electrical connectors are needed to electrically and mechanically interconnect one PCB, such as a back panel or mother board, to one or more other PCBs, such as daughter boards. Further, it is typically desireable for such connectors to have a high signal density capacity. That is, the connectors should permit a high number of signals to pass through the connector per unit volume of the connector. However, electrical signals carried on a conductor can interfere with a signal carried on an adjacent conductor. This interfering electrical effect that an electrical signal carried on a given conductor exerts on a signal carried on an adjacent conductor is referred to as "cross talk." Controlling this cross talk is especially important in high density connectors. Such control can be implemented in a variety of ways. One method of controlling cross talk is to connect certain terminals in a high density connector to conductive areas of a printed circuit board that are in turn grounded or connected to a predetermined ground potential. This solution is external to the connector. U.S. Patents 4,655,518 (to Lennart B. Johnson et al.), 4686,607 (to Lennart B. Johnson) and 4,869,677 (to Lennart B. Johnson et al.) disclose a daughter board/backplane assembly with contact elements dedicated for grounding purposes. Header contact elements have contacts that can be connected to ground or a predetermined potential on a backplane. The header contact elements have other spring contacts carried by an inside header wall for touching contacts carried by a right angle receptacle outer wall. Other contacts are integral with and perpendicular to the contacts carried by the right angle receptacle outer wall for connection to the daughter board. U.S. Patent 4,601,527 issued to Timothy A. Lemke discloses an internal shielding structure for connectors, specifically in vertical and right angle headers. The shielding structure includes a ground strip affixed to a mating surface of a header housing. The shielding structure further includes an elongated conductive spring contact with contact beams that extend in holes of side walls of the housing, lock tabs that connect to the ground strip and ground bars for connection to a grounded chassis. U.S. Patent 4,824,383 issued to Timothy A. Lemke discloses a shelding structure in connectors or plug-type terminators for either a multiple conductor cable or a multiple tracing substrate that electrically isolates individual or groups of contact elements in the terminator to prevent or ninimize cross talk between adjacent conductors and to prevent or minimize degradation of signal transmission. The terminator includes a ground structure with generally U-shaped channels. Contact elements extend into the channels. The ground structure is connected to a predetermined potential, rather than dedicating some of'the contact elements for this purpose. U.S. Patent 4,898,546 issued to Richard A. Elco et al. discloses a ground shield device for right angle connectors. A different one of the shield devices straddles alternate columns of contact elements in the connector. Each shield device clips to a tail of one of the contact elements straddled by the shield device. The shield devices are connected to ground or a predetermined potential. EP-A-0273589 (Amp Incorporated) discloses a high density multi-pin coax connector having connector housings made of metal or conductive plastic which serve as a reference ground for all signals. EP-A-0365179 (Amp Incorporated) discloses a high density electrical connector system having plate ground contacts disposed between adjacent columns of signal-carrying contacts to provide signal integrity. It is an object of this invention to provide high density electrical connectors for electrically and mechanically interconnecting electronic circuits and/or components controlling impedance and/or cross talk within the connectors. Furthermore, it is an object of this invention to provide high density electrical receptacles for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly and a plurality of terminals arranged in rows and columns in a header or shroud to control impedance and/or cross talk thereby to reduce, prevent or minimize degradation of signal transmission within the receptacles. Furthermore, it is an object of this invention to provide high density electrical headers for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly and a plurality of terminals arranged in rows and columns in a receptacle to control impedance and/or cross talk thereby to reduce, prevent or minimize degradation of signal transmission within the headers. According to one aspect, the present invention is directed to a right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly having a plurality of contact regions and a second connector having first side walls, a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns within the first side walls and at least one second side contact on one of the first side walls, the right angle angled or vertical connector comprising: an insulative housing having second side walls and a plurality of passages arranged in rows and columns within the second side walls; a first plurality of electrical contact elements wherin: one of the contact elements is partially in each one of the passages, each contact element has a third contact and a fourth contact, the third contacts are arranged in rows and columns for contacting the first contacts, each one of the contact elements includes a middle portion configured such that their fourth contacts extend at an angle, perpendicularly, colinearly or parallel with respect to the third contacts, at least one conductor having at least one fifth contact and at least one sixth contact, the at least one fifth contact on one of the second side walls for contacting the at least one second contact on one of the first side walls; and a conductive shield including: a baffle positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions of the contact elements, a seventh contact for contacting each of the sixth contacts, and a plurality of eighth contacts positioned such that the fourth contacts and the eighth contacts are arranged in rows and columns for connection to the circuit assembly contact regions. According to another aspect, the present invention is directed to an electrical connector for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly having a plurality of contact regions and a second connector having first side walls, a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns within the first side walls and at least one second side contact on one of the first side walls, the electrical connector comprising: a plurality of electrical contact elements, each of the contact elements having a third contact and a fourth contact, a housing including: a base having a plurality of passages arranged in rows and columns extending through the base, one of the contact elements fixed in each of the passages with the third contacts positioned on a first side of the base in a contact region for contacting one of the first contacts of the second connector and the fourth contacts positioned on a second side of the base, and conductive side walls, the base and the conductive side walls partially enclosing the contact region, the conductive side walls comprising at least one fifth contact for contacting the at least one second contact of the second connector; and at least one sixth contact extending from the conductive side walls such that the fourth contacts and the sixth contacts are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions of the circuit assembly. According to a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a connector assembly for electrically and mechanically interconnecting first and second circuit assemblies each having a plurality of contact regions, the connector assembly comprising a first connector and a second connector, the first connector comprising: a plurality of electrical contact elements, each of the contact elements having a first contact and a second contact, a housing including: a base having a plurality of insulative passages arranged in rows and columns extending through the base, one of the contact elements fixed in each of the passages with the first contacts positioned on a first side of the base in a contact region and the second contacts positioned on a second side of the base, and conductive first side walls, the base and the conductive side walls partially enclosing the contact region, the conductive side walls comprising at least one third contact; and at least one fourth contact extending from the conductive side walls, the second contacts and the fourth contacts being arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions of the first circuit assembly, the second connector comprising: an insulative housing having second side walls and a plurality of passages arranged in rows and columns within the second side walls; a first plurality of electrical contact elements wherein: one of the contact elements is partially in each one of the passages, each contact element has a fifth contact and a sixth contact, the fifth contacts are arranged in rows and columns for contacting the first contacts of the first connector, and each one of the contact elements includes a middle portion configured such that their sixth contacts extend at an angle, perpendicularly, colinearly or parallel with respect to the fifth contacts; at least one conductor having at least one seventh contact and at least one eighth contact, the at least one seventh contact on one of the second side walls for contacting the at least one second contact of the first connector; and a conductive shield including: a baffle positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions of the contact elements, a ninth contact for contacting each of the eighth contacts, and a plurality of tenth contacts), the sixth contacts and the tenth contacts being arranged in rows and columns for connection to the second circuit assembly contact regions. The invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description of the prior art and preferred embodiments of the present invention, provided by way of example only, in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a first prior art high density connector assembly including a right angle or angled receptacle and a right angle or angled header for interconnecting a first printed circuit or wiring board and a second printed circuit or wiring board. Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a second prior art high density connector assembly including a vertical receptacle and a vertical header for interconnecting a first printed circuit or wiring board and a second printed circuit or wiring board. Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a first embodiment of a high density connector assembly in accordance with the present invention, the assembly including a high density right angle or angled receptacle and a high density vertical header for interconnecting a first printed circuit or wiring board and a second printed circuit or wiring board. Figure 4 is a partially exploded perspective view of the high density receptacle of Figure 3, the receptacle including a shield exploded from a housing, the view directed generally towards a top or first mating side of the receptacle. Figure 5 is An enlarged view of a top or first mating side of the high density right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 3. Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 3. Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a back side of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 3. Figure 8 is an enlarged view of an end of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 3. Figure 9 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side of the high density vertical header of Figure 3. Figure 10 is an enlarged view of a bottom or second mating side of the vertical header of Figure 3. Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a front side of the vertical header of Figure 3. Figure 12 is an enlarged view of an end of the vertical header of Figure 3. Figure 13 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figures 3-8 exploded from the vertical header of Figures 3 and 9-12. Figure 14 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of a high density connector assembly in accordance with the present invention, the assembly including a high density vertical receptacle and a high density right angle or angled header for interconnecting a first printed circuit or wiring board and a second printed circuit or wiring board. Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the top or first mating side of the high density vertical receptacle of Figure 14. Figure 16 is an enlarged view of a bottom or second mating side of the vertical receptacle of Figure 14. Figure 17 is an enlarged view of a front side of the vertical receptacle of Figure 14. Figure 18 is an enlarged view of an end of the vertical receptacle of Figure 14. Figure 19 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side of the high density right angle or angled header of Figure 14. Figure 20 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side of the right angle or angled header of Figure 14. Figure 21 is an enlarged view of a bottom side of the right angle or angled header of Figure 14. Figure 22 is an enlarged view of an end of the right angle or angled header of Figure 14. Figure 23 is a sectional view of the vertical receptacle of Figures 14-18 exploded from the right angle or angled header of Figures 14 and 19-22. Figure 24 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figures 3-8 exploded from the right angle or angled header of Figures 14 and 19-22. Figure 25 is an exploded perspective view of a high density connector assembly, including a high density right angle or angled header in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention and a high density right angle or angled receptable, the assembly interconnecting a first printed circuit or wiring board and a second printed circuit or wiring board. Figure 25A is a perspective view of the high density right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 25, the receptacle including a shield exploded from a housing. Figure 26 is an enlarged view of the top or first mating side of the high density right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 25. Figure 27 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 25. Figure 28 is an enlarged view of a bottom side of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 25. Figure 29 is an enlarged view of an end of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figure 25. Figure 30 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side of the high density right angle or angled header of Figure 25. Figure 31 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side of the right angle or angled header of Figure 25. Figure 32 is an enlarged view of a bottom side of the right angle or angled header of Figure 25. Figure 33 is an enlarged view of an end of the right angle or angled header of Figure 25. Figure 34 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figures 25-29 exploded from the right angle or angled header of Figures 25 and 30-33. Figure 35 is an exploded perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a high density connector assembly in accordance with the present invention, the assembly including the high density right angle or angled receptacle of Figures 3-8 and a high density vertical header for interconnecting a first printed circuit or wiring board and a second printed circuit or wiring board. Figure 35a is an exploded perspective view of parts of the high density vertical header of Figure 35. Figure 36 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side of the high density vertical header of Figure 35. Figure 37 is an enlarged view of a bottom or second mating side of the vertical header of Figure 35. Figure 38 is an enlarged view of a front side of the vertical header of Figure 35. Figure 39 is an enlarged view of an end of the vertical header of Figure 35. Figure 40 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figures 3-8 exploded from the vertical header of Figures 35-39. Throughout the following detailed description, similar reference characters refer to similar elements in all figures of the drawings. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate prior art connector assemblies 6, 8 including prior art high density connectors 10, 20, 30, 40 interconnecting first circuit assemblies 22 and second circuit assemblies 24. Referring to Figure 1, there is illustrated an exploded perspective view of the first prior art high density connector assembly 6 including a high density right angle or angled receptacle 10 and a high density right angle or angled header 20 for interconnecting the first circuit assembly 22 and the second circuit assembly 24. Typically, the first circuit assembly 22 is a printed circuit board, specifically a mother board, and the second circuit assembly 24 is another printed circuit board, specifically a 'daughter board. Each one of the first and second printed circuit boards 22, 24 has a pattern 26 of rows and columns of conductive regions, such as plated through holes for through mounting or pads for surface mounting of connectors. In this connector assembly 6, the mother board 22 is parallel to or coplanar with the daughter board 24. The right angle receptacle 10 comprises an insulative housing 28 supporting a plurality of contact elements or terminals 35. The receptacle terminals 35 have first contacts (not depicted) positioned in passages (not-depicted) through the housing 28. The receptacle first contacts (not depicted) are generally parallel to one another and are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to first contacts 15 of the header 20. The receptacle terminals 35 have second contacts 55 arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the pattern of conductive regions 26 on the daughter board 24. The receptacle terminals 35 have middle portions 36 that bend generally at a right angle between the first contacts (not depicted) and the second contacts 55. The receptacle housing 28 may include insulative baffles (not depicted) positioned between and spaced from adjacent columns of the middle portions 36. The right angle header 20 comprises an insulative housing 34 including a base 42 and side walls 44 defining a contact region 46 for receiving a mating face 48 of the receptacle 10. A plurality of contact elements or terminals 5 are held in passages (not depicted) through the base 42. The header terminals 5 have first contacts 15 positioned in the contact region 46. The header first contacts 15 are generally parallel to one another and are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the first contacts (not depicted) of the receptacle 10. The header terminals 5 have second contacts (not depicted) arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the pattern 26 of conductive regions on the mother board 22. The header terminals 5 have middle portions 56 that bend generally at a right angle between the first contacts 15 and the second contacts. Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the second prior art high density connector assembly 8 including a vertical receptacle 30 and a vertical header 40 for interconneting the first circuit assembly 22 and the second circuit assembly 24. In this connector assembly 8, the mother board 22 is parallel to and spaced apart from the daughter board 24. The vertical receptacle 30 comprises an insulative housing 58 supporting a plurality of contact elements or terminals 60. The receptacle terminals 60 have first contacts (not depicted) positioned in passages (not depicted) through the housing 58. The receptacle first contacts (not depicted) are generally parallel to one another and are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to first contacts 65 of the header 40. The receptacle terminals 60 have second contacts 95 arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the pattern 26 of conductive regions on the daughter board 24. The receptacle terminals 60 have generally straight middle portions. The vertical header 40 comprises an insulative housing 66 including a base 62 and side walls 64 defining a contact region 54 for receiving a mating face 68 of the receptacle 30. A plurality of contact elements or terminals 70 are held in passages (not depicted) through the base 62. The header terminals 70 have first contacts 65 positioned in the contact region 46. The header first contacts 65 are generally parallel to one another and are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the first contacts (not depicted) of the receptacle 30. The header terminals 70 have second contacts 75 arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the pattern 26 of conductive regions on the mother board 22. The header terminals 70 have generally straight middle portions. Each of the four connectors 10, 20, 30, 40 illustrated in Figure 1 and 2 can have holes 74 and corresponding securing or guide pin assemblies 76 for mounting one connector to another connector or to a printed circuit board. The holes 74 and pins in the pin assemblies 76 can have key shapes as described in U. S. Patent 4,568,134. It is also well known to use either the vertical header 40 in combination with the right angle receptacle 10 or the right angle header 20 in combination with the vertical receptacle 30 to interconnect a mother board 22 that is perpendicular to a daughter board 24. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate particular prior art headers 20, 40 and receptacles 10, 30 from the High Pin Count (HPC) product line available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company with offices in Wilmington, Delaware. However, they are illustrative of connectors in many other product lines including the Metral product line and the Din series of connectors, both also commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Each of these product lines includes vertical and right angle connectors having a plurality of contact elements arranged in rows and columns. However, the size and/or shape of the contact elements and/or housings may differ. Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a first embodiment of a high density connector assembly in accordance with the present invention. The assembly includes a high density right angle or angled receptacle 200 and a high density vertical header 400 for interconnecting a first circuit assembly 222 and a second circuit assembly 224. The right angle or angled electrical receptacle 200 is for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly 224 having a plurality of contact regions 226 and a second connector (such as connector 400) having first side walls (such as contacts 444), a plurality of first contacts (such as contacts 445) arranged in rows and columns within the first side walls and at least one second side contact (such as contacts 465). Figure 4 is an exploded view of the high density right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figure 3. Figure 5 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side 248 of the high density right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figure 3. Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side 278 of the right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figure 3. Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a back side 280 of the right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figure 3. Figure 8 is an enlarged view of an end 282 of the right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figure 3. Figure 13 includes an enlarged cross section of the high density right angle or angled receptacle 200. Referring to Figures 3-8 and 13, the right angle or angled receptacle 200 comprises an insulative housing 228, a plurality of first conductive electrical contact elements 235 mounted in the housing 228, at least one conductor 240 and a conductive shield 300. The insulative housing 228 has a first, header or shroud, mating surface 248, second side walls 230 and a plurality of passages 284 within the second side walls 230. The passages 284 are arranged in rows and columns extending perpendicularly from the first mating surface 248 through the housing 228. The housing 228 may have any means for aligning the housing 228 with the conductors 240 and the shield 300. The housing alignment means may comprise projections (or slots) 250. The conductive electrical contact elements 235 may have any configuration so long as they are useable as right angle or angled contact elements. In other words, they may be male elements, female elements or gender neutral. More specifically, each one of the conductive electrical contact elements 235 has a third contact 245 and a fourth contact 255. The third contacts 245 can be socket shaped or spring beams. The fourth contacts 255 can be substantially flat solder tails. One of the third contacts 245 is secured in each one of the passages 284 for contacting one of the first contacts 445. See Figures 3 and 13. The third contacts 245 are generally parallel to one another and arranged in rows and columns. There can be any number of rows and any number of columns of the third contacts 245. However, there are preferably at least two rows and at least two columns. Typically, there are three, four, five or six rows of the third contacts 245. The Figures depict four rows of the third contacts 245. Typically, there are many columns of the third contacts 245. Each one of the contact elements 235 has a middle portion 236 configured such that their fourth contacts 255 extend at an angle or perpendicularly with respect to the third contacts 245. The middle portions 236 may have a right angle bend, two 45 degree angle bends, etc. The fourth contacts 255 can be through mount contacts or surface mount contacts. Each one of the conductors 240 has at least one fifth contact 265 and at least one sixth contact 275. Preferably, each one of the conductors 240 has a plurality of the fifth contacts 265 and a plurality of the sixth contacts 275. The fifth contacts 265 on each of the conductors 240 are on one of the second side walls 230 for contacting the second contacts 465 on one of the first side walls 444. Preferably, the fifth contacts 265 on each of the conductors 240 is on an exterior surface of one of the second side walls 230. Preferably, there are two of the conductors 240 and the conductors 240 are on different ones of the second side walls 230 that are generally parallel to the rows of the contact elements 235. Each one of the conductors 240 can be an elongated shield member as illustrated in Figures 3-8 and 13 with at least one bent end portion 242 for extending into corresponding retaining grooves or slots 252 in the mating surface 248 of the connector 200. When the bent end portions 242 are extending into the retaining grooves or slots 252 and the sixth contacts 275 are connected to seventh contacts 305 and/or 307 on the shield 300, then the conductors 240 are secured on the second side walls 230. Alternatively, each one of the conductors 240 can comprise a plurality of individual conductor elements with each one of the conductor elements having one of the fifth contacts 265 and one of the sixth contacts 275. The conductors 240 can be "on" the side walls 230 by any means. For instance, the fifth contacts 265 of the conductors 240 can be a conductive coating on the side walls 230. The conductors 240 may have any means for aligning the conductors 240 with the housing 228 and the shield 300. The conductor alignment means may comprise slots (or projections) 244. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the high density right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figure 3. The view of the receptacle 200 includes the shield 300 exploded from the housing 228. The view is directed generally towards the top or first mating side 248 of the receptacle 200. The shield 300 includes baffles 302 positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions 236 of the contact elements 235. Preferably, one of the baffles 302 is between each pair of adjacent columns of the middle portions 236 of the contact elements 235. The shield 300 and the baffles 302 can be made of any conductive material. Alternatively, the shield 300 and/or the baffles 302 can be polymeric and have a conductive layer or coating. The shield 300 includes a seventh contact 305 or 307 for contacting each of the sixth contacts 275 on the conductors 240. Preferably, the seventh contacts 305 are slots or holes in the shield 300 for receiving the sixth contacts 275 of one of the conductors 240. Preferably, the seventh contacts 307 are extensions from the baffles 302. The shield 300 further includes a plurality of eighth contacts 315 positioned such that the eighth contacts 315 and the fourth contacts 255 are arranged in rows and columns for connection to the contact regions 226 of the circuit assembly 224. It is within the scope of this invention for the eighth contacts 315 to be arranged in one or more rows and in such row(s) with or without fourth contacts 255 positioned in the row(s) with the eighth contacts 315. Preferably, the fourth contacts 255 are solder tails. Preferably, the eighth contacts 315 are pin shaped. The eighth contacts 315 can be cast out of the same metal as the rest of the shield 300. Alternatively, the eighth contacts 315 can be conductive pins secured in holes in or through a wall 310 of the shield 300. Preferably, the shield 300 further comprises an elongated outer side wall 310 electrically connected to each of the baffles 302. The elongated outer side wall 310 and adjacent pairs of the baffles 302 define pockets 308 for the middle portions 236 of one column of the contact elements 235. To ensure that the middle portions 236 do not short out by contacting a conductive portion of the shield 300, the pockets 308 can be coated with an insulative layer. The elongated outer side wall 310 may extend generally between the housing 228 and the fourth contacts 255. The elongated outer side wall 310 may be one continuous wall with a bend generally following the bend of the middle portions 236. If the bend of the wall 310 is substantially a right angle, then the wall 310, in effect, becomes a first elongated outer wall 311 connected to a second elongated outer side wall 313. The side wall 310 may have a first edge 312, a second edge 314, a third edge 316 and a fourth edge 318. The first edge 312 is positioned adjacent one of the conductors 240. The shield 300 may have any means for aligning the shield with the conductors 240 and the housing 248. For instance, the first edge 312 or a portion near the first edge 312 may have slots, projections or teeth 320 for mating with projections or slots 250 in the housing 248. The shield 300 may have a first end wall 322 having a first edge 324, a second edge 326 and a third edge 328. The first edge 324 of the first ench wall 322 is for contacting the housing 248. The second edge 326 of the first end wall 322 may be electrically connected to thee second edge 314 of the side wall 310. The shield 300 may have a second end wall 330 having a first edge, a second edge and a third edge. The first edge of the second end wall 330 is for contacting the housing 248. The second edge of the second end wall 330 may be electrically connected to the third edge 316 of the side wall 310. Alternatively, the first end wall 322 and the second end wall 330 can be connected to the housing 248 and be insulative, rather than connected to or being a part of the shield 300. The middle portions 236 of the contact elements 235 are within the confines of the outer side wall 310, the first end wall 322 and the second end wall 330. The elongated outer wall 310 and/or the side walls 322, 330 may have cleaning or draining passages (not depicted). Further, there may be stand offs along the edges of the walls 310, 322, 330 to allow cleaning fluids to pass through the connector 200. Referring to Figures 3, 6 and 13, the right angle or angled electrical receptacle 200 may further include an insulative spacer 350 having a plurality of holes or slots 352 arranged in rows and columns. The spacer 350 may have stand offs 351. The contact elements 235 can extend through the holes 352 such that the eighth contacts 315 and the fourth contacts 255 are on one side of the spacer 350 and the middle portions 236 are on another side of the spacer 350. Further, the sixth contacts 275 and the seventh contacts 305 are preferably on the same side of the spacer 350 as the middle portions 236. The spacer 350 can have sleeves (not depicted) extending around the holes 352 for insertion into the pockets 308 to reduce lateral movement of the spacer 350 and the fourth contacts 255 with respect to the shield 300. Figure 9 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side 448 of the high density vertical header 400 of Figure 3. Figure 10 is an enlarged view of a bottom or second mating side 480 of the vertical header 400 of Figure 3. Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a front side 478 of the vertical header 400 of Figure 3. Figure 12 is an enlarged view of an end 482 of the vertical header 400 of Figure 3. Figure 13 includes an enlarged cross sectional view of the header 400. Referring to Figures 3 and 13, connector 400 comprises a high density vertical header 400 for interconnecting a first one of the circuit assemblies 222 and a receptacle including a plurality of terminals with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a receptacle housing, the receptacle further including at least one second side contact. Referring to Figures 3 and 9-12, the right angle or angled header 400 comprises a housing 428 including an insulative base 442 arid conducive side walls 444; a plurality of conductive electrical contact elements 435 mounted in the base 442; and at least one contact 475 extending from the conductive side walls 444. The conductive electrical contact elements 435 may have any configuration so long as they are useable as vertical contact elements. In other words, they may be male elements, female elements or gender neutral. More specifically, each one of the electrical contact elements 435 has a third contact 445 and a fourth contact 455. Preferably, the third contacts 445 and the fourth contacts 455 are distal end portions of a pin generally having a 6mn by 6mm (0.24 inches by 0.24)inches square cross section. One of the contact elements 435 is fixed in each passage 484 through the base 442 with the third contacts 445 positioned in a contact region 446 for contacting one of the first contacts (such as contacts 245) of a mating receptacle (such as receptacle 200). The third contacts 445 are generally parallel to one another and arranged in rows and columns. There can be any number of rows and any number of columns of the third contacts 445. However, there are preferably at least two rows and at least two columns. Typically, there are three, four, five or six rows of the third contacts 445. The Figures depict four rows of the third contacts 445. Typically, there are many columns of the third contacts 445. Preferably, each one of the third contacts 445 is generally colinear or parallel to the fourth contacts 455. The fourth contacts 455 can be through mount contacts or surface mount contacts. Referring to Figure 13, the insulative base 442 has a plurality of passages 484 arranged in rows and columns extending through the base 442. One of the contact elements 435 is fixed in each of the passages 484 with the third contacts 445 positioned on a first side of the base 442 in the contact region 446 for contacting one of the first contacts (such as contacts 245) and the fourth contacts 455 positioned on a second side of the base 442. Referring to Figure 3, the base 442 may comprise an insulative sleeve 454 surrounding each of the contact elements 435. The sleeves 454 may be connected to and extend from an insulative layer 456. The sixth contacts 475 may extend through holes 458 in edge portions 460 of the insulative layer 456. Referring again to Figure 13, the conductive side walls 444 comprise at least one fifth contact 465 for contacting the second contacts (such as contacts 265) on one of the side walls of a mating connector. The fifth contacts 465 may be on interior surfaces of the side walls 444 or exterior surfaces of the side walls 444. In one embodiment, opposing interior surfaces of the conductive side walls 444 comprise the fifth contacts 465. The base 442 and the conductive side walls 444 partially enclose the contact region 446. The conductive side walls 444 may contact and extend generally perpendicularly to the edge portions 460 of the insulative layer 456. At least one sixth contact 475 extends from the conductive side walls 444 such that the fourth contacts 455 and the sixth contacts 475 are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions 226 of the circuit assembly 222. Preferably, a plurality of the sixth contacts 475 extend from each one of the opposing side walls 444. Preferably, the sixth contacts 475 are pin shaped. The sixth contacts 475 can have the same or a different shape than the fourth contacts 455. For instance, both the fourth contacts 455 and the sixth contacts 475 can be pin shaped, but the cross section of one of them, such as the sixth contacts 475 can be larger than the cross section of the other. The sixth contacts 475 can be integrally cast out of the same metal with the side walls 444. Alternatively, the sixth contacts 475 can be conductive pins secured in holes in or through the side walls 444. Referring to Figures 3, 9 and 13, the housing 428 may further comprise a conductive base or lattice 462 connected to and extending between the conductive side walls 444. The lattice 462 may be generally perpendicular to the conductive side walls 444. The lattice 462 has a plurality of passages 464 surrounding each of the contact elements 435. The sleeves 454 can be in the passages 464 of the lattice 462. Figure 13 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figures 3-8 exploded from the vertical header 400 of Figures 3 and 9-12. Note, however, the third contacts 245 of the high density receptacle 200 are not limited to only connecting to the contacts 445 of the vertical header 400. The third contacts 245 of the high density receptacle 200 can connect to any connector having a plurality of terminals or contact elements with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns with at least one second contact for engaging at least one of the fifth contacts 265. The header that is mateable with the receptacle 200 can be a vertical header or a right angle or angled header. Preferably, the terminals of the header that is mateable with the receptacle 200 are pins having a 6mn by 6mn (0.24 inches by 0.24 inches) square cross section. If the header that is mated with the receptacle 200 is a right angle or angled header, then preferably it is the right angle or angled header 600 illustrated in Figure 23. Similarly, the third contacts 445 of the high density header 400 are not limited to only connecting to the contacts 245 of the receptacle 200. The third contacts 445 of the high density header 400 can connect to any connector having a plurallty of terminals or contact elements with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns with at least one second side contact for engaging at least one of the fifth contacts 465. The receptacle that is mateable with the header 400 can be a vertical receptacle or a right angle or angled receptacle. Preferably, the terminals of the receptacle that is mateable with the header 400 have socket shaped contacts for engaging the third contacts 445 of the header 400. If the receptacle that is mated with the header 400 is a right angle or angled receptacle, then preferably it is the right angle or angled receptacle 200 illustrated in Figure 13. Figure 14 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of a high density connector assembly in accordance with the present invention, the assembly including a high density vertical receptacle 500 and a high density right angle or angled header 600 for interconnecting a first circuit assembly 522 and a second circuit assembly 524. The right angle or angled electrical receptacle 500 is for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly 524 having a plurality of contact regions 526 and a second connector (such as connector 600) having first side walls (such as 644), a plurality of first contacts (such as 645) arranged in rows and columns within the first side walls and at least one second contact (such as 655). Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the top or first mating side 548 of the high density vertical receptacle 500 of Figure 14. Figure 16 is an enlarged view of a bottom or second mating side 580 of the vertical receptacle 500 of Figure 14. Figure 17 is an enlarged view of a front side 578 of the vertical receptacle 500 of Figure 14. Figure 18 is an enlarged view of an end 582 of the vertical receptacle 500 of Figure 14. Figure 23 includes an enlarged cross section of the receptacle 500 of Figure 14. Referring to Figures 14-18 and 23, the vertical receptacle 500 comprises an insulative housing 528, a plurality of first conductive electrical contact elements 535 mounted in the housing 528, at least one of the conductors 240 and an insulative spacer 590. Referring, for instance, to Figure 15, the insulative housing 528 has a first, header or shroud, mating surface 548, second side walls 530 and a plurality of passages 584 within the second side walls 530. The passages 584 are arranged in rows and columns extending perpendicularly from the first mating surface 548 through the housing 528. The housing 528 may have any means for aligning the housing 528 with the conductors 240. The housing alignment means may comprise projections or slots 550. See Figures 14 and 17. The conductive electrical contact elements 535 may have any configuration so long as they are useable as vertical contact elements. In other words, they may be male elements, female elements or gender neutral. More specifically, referring to Figure 23, each one of the conductive electrical contact elements 535 has a third contact 545 and a fourth contact 555. Preferably, the third contacts 545 are generally parallel to or colinear with the fourth contacts 555 The third contacts 545 can be socket shaped or spring beams. The fourth contacts 555 can be substantially flat solder tails. One of the third contacts 545 is secured in each one of the passages 584 for contacting one of the first contacts 645. The third contacts 545 are generally parallel to one another and arranged in rows and columns. There can be any number of rows and any number of columns of the third contacts 545. However, there are preferably at least two rows and at least two columns. Typically, there are three, four, five or six rows of the third contacts 545. The Figures depict four rows of the third contacts 545. Typically, there are many columns of the third contacts 545. The fourth contacts 555 car be through mount contacts or surface mount contacts. The fifth contacts 265 on each of the conductors 240 are on one of the second side walls 530 for contacting the second contacts 665 on one of the first side walls 644. Preferably, the fifth contacts 265 on each of the conductors 240 is on an exterior surface of one of the second side walls 530. Preferably, there are two of the conductors 240 and the conductors 240 are on different ones of the second side walls 530 that are generally parallel to the rows of the contact elements 535. Each one of the conductors 240 can be an elongated shield member as illustrated in Figures 14-18 and 23 with at least one bent end portion 242 for extending into corresponding retaining grooves or slots 552 in the mating surface 548 of the connector 500. Alternatively, each one of the conductors 240 can comprise a plurality of individual conductor elements with each one of the conductor elements having one of the fifth contacts 265 and one of the sixth contacts 275. The condutors 240 can be "on" the side walls 530 by any means. For instance, the fifth contacts 265 of the conductors 240 can be a conductive coating on the side walls 530. The conductors 240 may have any means for aligning the conductors 240 with the housing 528. Referring to Figure 17, the conductor alignment means may comprise slots or projections 244. Thus, when the bent end portions 242 are extending into the retaining grooves or slots 552 and the slots 244 are positioned over the projections 550, then the conductor 240 is secured on the second side wall 530. Referring, for instance, to Figures 14, 16 and 23, the vertical electrical receptacle 500 may further include an insulative spacer 590 having a plurality of holes or slots 592 arranged in rows and columns. The contact elements 535 can extend through the holes 592 such that the sixth contacts 275 and the fourth contacts 555 are on one side of the spacer 590 and the third contacts 545 and the fifth contacts 265 are on another side of the spacer 590. The spacer 590 can have stand off 532 for providing a distance or space between the spacer 590 and the second assembly 524. Figure 19 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side 648 of the high density right angle or angled header 600 of Figure 14. Figure 20 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side 678 of the right angle or angled header 600 of Figure 14. Figure 21 is an enlarged view of a bottom side 680 of the right angle or angled header 600 of Figure 14. Figure 22 is an enlarged view of an end 682 of the right angle or angled header 600 of Figure 14. Figure 23 includes an enlarged cross sectional view of the header 600. Referring to Figures 14 and 23, connector 600 comprises a high density right angle or angled header 600 for interconnecting a first one of the circuit assemblies 522 and a receptacle including a plurality of terminals with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a receptacle housing, the receptacle further including at least one second side contact. Referring to Figures 14 and 19-23, the right angle or angled header 600 comprises a plurality of conductive electrical contact elements 635; a housing 628 with a conductive base 638, insulative blocks 642 and at least one conductive baffle 670; and at least one contact 675 extending from the conductive baffles 670. The conductive electrical contact elements 635 may have any configuration so long as they are useable as right angle or angled contact elements. In other words, they may be male elements, female elements or gender neutral. More specifically, referring to Figures 14 and 23, each one of the electrical contact elements 635 has a third contact 645 and a fourth contact 655. Preferably, the third contacts 645 and the fourth contacts 655 are distal end portions of a pin generally having a 6mn by 6mn (0.24 inches by 0.24 inches)square cross section. One of the contact elements 635 is fixed in each passage 684 through the base 638 with the third contacts 645 positioned in a contact region 646 for contacting one of the first contacts (such as contacts 545) of a mating receptacle (such as receptacle 500). The third contacts 645 are generally parallel to one another and arranged in rows and columns. There can be any number of rows and any number of columns of the third contacts 645. However, there are preferably at least two rows and at least two columns. Typically, there are three, four, five or six rows of the third contacts 645. The Figures depict four rows of the third contacts 645. Typically, there are many columns of the third contacts 645. Each one of the contact elements 635 has a middle portion 636 configured such that their fourth contacts 655 extend at an angle or perpendicularly with respect to the third contacts 645. The middle portions 636 may have a right angle bend, two 45 degree angle bends, etc. The fourth contacts 655 can be through mount contacts or surface mount contacts. The conductive base 638 has a plurality of passages 684 arranged in rows and columns extending through the base 638. One of the contact elements 635 is fixed in each of the passages 684 with the third contacts 645 positioned on a first side of the base 638 in the contact region 646 for contacting one of the first contacts (such as contacts 545) and the fourth contacts 655 positioned on a second side of the base 638. The insulative blocks 642 are positioned in the passages 684. The contact elements 635 are insulated from the base 638 by passing through the block passages 674 such that their third contacts 645 are on the first side of the base 638 and their fourth contacts 655 are on the second side of the base 638. The blocks 642 may comprise an insulative sleeve 654 surrounding each of the contact elements 635. The sleeves 654 associated with each column of the contact elements 635 may be connected to the same block 642. The baffles 670 may extend from the conductive base 638. One of the conductive baffles 670 is positioned between and spaced from each pair of adjacent columns of the middle portions 636 of the contact elements 635. A baffle contact 675 may extend from each one of the conductive baffles 670 such that the fourth contacts 655 and the baffle contacts 675 are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions 526 of the circuit assembly 522. The baffle contacts 675 can have the same or a different shape than the fourth contacts 655. For instance, both the fourth contacts 655 and the baffle contacts 675 can be pin shaped, but the cross section of one of them, such as the baffle contacts 675 can be larger than the cross section of the other. The baffle contacts 675 can be integrally cast out of the same metal with the base 638 and the baffles 670. Alternatively, the baffle contacts 675 can be conductive pins secured in holes in or through the baffles 670. A conductive wall (like wall 776 in Figure 25) may connect adjacent pairs of the baffles 670. The baffles 670 extend generally perpendicularly from the base 638. The housing 628 may further comprise conductive side walls 644 extending generally perpendicularly from the base 638. The base 638 and the conductive side walls 644 partially enclosing the contact region 646. The conductive base 638 can be described as a conductive lattice connected to and extending between the conductive side walls 644. The lattice 638 may be generally perpendicular to the conductive side walls 644. Figure 23 is a sectional view of the vertical receptacle 500 of Figures 14-18 exploded from the right angle or angled header 600 of Figures 14 and 19-22- Figure 24 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figures 3-8 exploded from the right angle or angled headed 600 of Figures 14 and 19-22. Note, the third contacts 545 of the high density receptacle 500 are not limited to only connecting to the contacts 645 of the vertical header 600. The third contacts 545 of the high density receptacle 500 can connect to any connector having a plurality of terminals or contact elements with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a contact region of a housing secured to the terminals or a shroud surrounding the terminals, the connector having at least one second side contact for engaging at least one of the fifth contacts 265. The header that is mateable with the receptacle 500 can be a vertical header or a right angle or angled header. Preferably, the terminals of the header that is mateable with the receptacle 500 are pins having a 6mn by 6mn (0.24 inches by 0.24 inches) square cross section. If the header that is mated with the receptacle 500 is a right angle or angled header, then preferably it is the right angle or angled header 600 illustrated in Figure 23. Similarly, the third contacts 645 of the high density header 600 are not limited to only connecting to the contacts 245 of the receptacle 200 or the contacts 545 of the receptacle 500. The third contacts 645 of the high density header 600 can connect to any connector having a plurality of terminals or contact elements with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a connector with at least one second side contact for engaging at least one of the fifth contacts 665. The receptacle that is mateable with the header 600 can be a vertical receptacle or a right angle or angled receptacle. Preferably, the terminals of the receptacle that is mateable with the header 600 have socket shaped contacts for engaging the third contacts 645 of the header 600. If the receptacle that is mated with the header 600 is a right angle or angled receptacle, then preferably it is the right angle or angled receptacle 200 illustrated in Figure 24. Figure 25 is an exploded perspective view of a high density connector assembly, which includes a high densitv header 700 in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. The high density header 700 is connected with a high density right angle or angled receptacle 100 interconnecting a first circuit assembly 122 and a second circuit assembly 124. The right angle or angled electrical receptacle 100 is for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly and a plurality of terminals having a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a header housing or shroud. Figure 26 is an enlarged view of the top or first mating side 148 of the high density right angle or angled receptacle 100 of Figure 25. Figure 27 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side 178 of the right angle or angled receptacle 100 of Figure 25. Figure 28 is an enlarged view of a bottom side 180 of the right angle or angled receptacle 100 of Figure 25. Figure 29 is an enlarged view of an end 182 of the right angle or angled receptacle 100 of Figure 25. Figure 34 includes a cross sectional view of the receptacle 100 of Figure 25. Referring to Figures 25-29 and 34, the right angle or angled receptacle 100 comprises an insulative housing 128, a plurality of conductive electrical contact elements 135 mounted in the housing 128 and a conductive shield 300. The insulative housing 128 has a first, header or shroud, mating surface 148. Preferably, the housing 128 has a plurality of passages 184 arranged in rows and columns extending perpendicularly from the first mating surface 148 through the housing 128. The conductive electrical contact elements 135 may have any configuration so long as they are useable as right angle or angled contact elements. In other words, they may be male elements, female elements or gender neutral. More specifically, each one of the conductive electrical contact elements 135 has a second contact 145 and a third contact 155. The second contacts 145 can be socket shaped or spring beams. The third contacts 155 can be substantially flat solder tails. One of the second contacts 145 is secured in each one of the passages 184 for contacting one of the first contacts 65. The second contacts 155 are generally parallel to one another and arranged in rows and columns. There can be any number of rows and any number of columns of the second contacts 145. However, there are preferably at least two rows and at least two columns. Typically, there are three, four, five or six rows of the second contacts 145. The Figures depict four rows of the second contacts 145. Typically, there are many columns of the second contacts 145. Each one of the contact elements 135, except the contact elements 135 with their second contacts 145 in the nth row of the passages 184, has a middle portion 136 configured such that their third contacts 155 extend at an angle or perpendicularly with respect to the second contacts 145. The middle portions 136 may have a right angle bend, two 45 degree angle bends, etc. The contact elements 135 in the fourth row are the longest contact elements 135. A first set 188 of the contact elements 135 with their second contacts 145 in the nth row of the passages 184 have a middle portion 136 configured such that their third contacts 155 extend at an angle or perpendicularly with respect to the second contacts 145. These middle portions 136 may have a right angle bend, two 45 degree angle bends, etc. There is also a second set 190 of at least one of the contact elements 135 with its/their second contacts 145 in the nth row of the passages 184. Preferably, the third contacts 155 of the second set 190 of the contact elements 135 are substantially flat solder tails. Preferably, the third contacts 155 of the second set 190 of the contact elements 135 are generally colinear or parallel to the second contacts 145. Also preferably, one of the second set 190 is between every pair of the first set 188. The third contacts 155, except those of the second set 190, can be through mount contacts or surface mount contacts. Figure 25A is a perspective view of the high density right angle or angled receptacle 100 of Figure 25, the receptacle 100 including the shield 300 exploded from the housing 128, the view directed generally towards the top or first mating side 148 of the receptacle 100. The shield 300 includes a baffle 302 positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions 136 of the contact elements 135. Preferably, one of the baffles 302 is between each pair of adjacent columns of the middle portions 136 of the contact elements 135. The shield 300 and the baffles 302 can be made of any conductive material. Alternatively, the shield 300 and/or the baffles 302 can be polymeric and have a conductive layer or coating. The shield 300 includes a fourth contact 305 for contacting each of the third contacts 155 of the second set 190 of the contact elements 135. Preferably, the fourth contacts 305 are slots or holes in the shield 300 for receiving the third contacts 155 of the second set 190 of the contact elements 135. The shield 300 further includes a plurality of fifth contacts 315 positioned such that the fifth contacts 315 arid the third contacts 155, excluding the third contacts 155 of the second set 190 of the contact elements 135 in the nth row, are arranged in rows and columns for connection to the circuit assembly 124. It is within the scope of this invention for the fifth contacts 315 to be arranged in one or more rows and in such row(s) with or without third contacts 155 positioned in the row(s) with the fifth contacts 315. Preferably, the fifth contacts 315 are pin shaped. The fifth contacts 315 can have a different shape than the third contacts 155. For instance, both the third contacts 155 and the fifth contacts 315 can be pin shaped, but the cross section of one of them, such as the fifth contacts 315 can be larger than the cross section of the other. The fifth contacts 315 can be cast out of the same metal as the rest of the shield 300. Alternatively, the fifth contacts 315 can be conductive pins secured in holes in or through a wall 310 of the shield 300. Preferably, the shield 300 further comprise an elongated outer side wall 310 electrically connected to each of the baffles 302. The elongated outer side wall 310 and adjacent pairs of the baffles 302 define pockets 308 for the middle portion 136 of one column of the contact elements 135. To ensure that the middle portions 136 do not short out by contacting a conductive portion of the shield 300, the pockets 308 can be coated with an insulative layer. The elongated outer side wall 310 extends between the housing 128 and a spacer 350. The elongated outer side wall may be one continuous wall with a bend generally following the bend of the middle portions 136 of the contact elements 135. If the bend of the elongated outer wall 310 is substantially a right angle bend, then the elongated outer wall, in effect, becomes a first elongated outer wall 311 connected to a second elongated outer side wall 313. The elongated outer side wall 310 may have a first edge 312, a second edge 314, a third edge 316 and a fourth edge 318. The first edge 312 is for contacting the housing 148. The first edge 312 may have teeth, holes or projections 320 for inserting in or mating with teeth, projections or holes 150 in the housing 148. The shield 300 may have a first end wall 322 having a first edge 324 a second edge 326 and a third edge 328. The first edge 324 of the first end wall 322 is for contacting the housing 148. The second edge 326 of the first end wall 322 may be electrically connected to the second edge 314 of the side wall 310. The shield 300 may have second end wall 330 having a first edge 332, a second edge 334 and a third edge 336. The first edge 332 of the second end wall 330 is for contacting the housing 148. The second edge 334 of the second end wall 330 may be electrically connected to the third edge 316 of the side wall 310. Alternatively, the first end wall 322 and the second end wall 330 can be connected to the housing 148 and be insulative, rather than connected to or being a part of the shield 300. The middle portions 136 of the contact elements 135 are within the confines of the outer side wall 310, the first end wall 322 and the second end wall 330. The elongated outer wall 310 and/or the side walls 322, 330 may have cleaning or draining passages (not depicted). Further, there may be stand offs along the edges of the walls 310, 322, 330 to allow cleaning fluids to pass through the connector 100. The right angle or angled electrical receptacle 100 may further include an insulative spacer 350 having a plurality of holes 352 arranged in rows and columns. The contact elements 135, except the second set 190, can extend through the holes 352 such that the fifth contacts 315 and the third contacts 155, excluding the third contacts 155 of the second set 190 of the contact elements 135 in the nth row, are on one side of the spacer 350 and the middle portions 136 are on another side of the spacer 350. The spacer 350 can have sleeves (not depicted) extending from the holes 352 for insertion into the pockets 308 to reduce lateral movement of the spacer 350 and the third contacts 155 with respect to the shield 300. Figure 30 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side 748 of the high density right angle or angled header 700 of Figure 25. Figure 31 is an enlarged view of a front or second mating side 778 of the right angle or angled header 700 of Figure 25. Figure 32 is an enlarged view of a bottom side 780 of the right angle or angled header 700 of Figure 25. Figure 33 is an enlarged view of an end 782 of the right angle or angled header 700 of Figure 25. Figure 34 includes a cross sectional view of the header 700. The connector 700 comprises a high density right angle or angled header 700 for interconnecting a first one of the circuit assemblies 122 and a receptacle including a plurality of terminals with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a receptacle housing. Referring to Figures 25 and 30-34, the right angle or angled header 700 comprises a plurality of conductive electrical contact elements 735; a housing 728 which includes a conductive base 738, insulative blocks 742, at least one conductive baffle 770 and a contact 775 extending from each one of the conductive baffles 770. The conductive electrical contact elements 735 may have any configuration so long as they are useable as right angle or angled contact elements. In other words, they may be male elements, female elements or gender neutral. More specifically, each one of the electrical contact elements 735 has a second contact 745 and a third contact 755. Preferably, the second contacts 745 and the third contacts 755 may be distal end portions of a pin generally having a 6mn by 6nm (0.24 inches by 0.24 inches) square cross section. Referring to Figure 30, the contact elements 735 comprise a first set 794 and a second set 796. One of the contact elements 735 is in each passage 784 through the base 738 with the second contacts 745 positioned in a contact region 746 for contacting one of the first contacts (such as contacts 145) of a mating receptacle (such as receptacle 100). The second contacts 745 are generally parallel to one another and arranged in rows and columns. There can be any number of rows and any number of columns of the second contacts 745. However, there are preferably at least two rows and at least two columns. Typically, there are three, four, five or six rows of the second contacts 745. The Figures depict four rows of the second contacts 745. Typically, there are many columns of the second contacts 745. The first set 794 of the contact elements 735 has a middle portion 736 configured such that their third contacts 755 extend at an angle or perpendicularly with respect to the second contacts 745. The middle portions 736 may have a right angle bend, two 45 degree angle bends, etc. The third contacts 755 can be through mount contacts or surface mount contacts. Referring to Figures 25, 30 and 34, the conductive base 738 has a plurality of passages 784 arranged in rows and columns extending through the base 738. One of the contact elements 735 is in each of the passages 784 with the second contacts 745 positioned on a first side of the base 738 in the contact region 746 for contacting one of the first contacts (such as contacts 145) and the third contacts 755 positioned on a second side of the base 738. The second set 796 of the contact elements 735 is positioned in some of the passages 784 and electrically connected to the base 738. The insulative blocks 742 are positioned in a remainder of the passages 784. The blocks 742 have passages 774. The first set 794 of the contact elements 735 are insulated from the base 738 by passing through the block passages 774 such that their second contacts 745 are on a first side of the base 738 in the contact region 746 and their third contacts 755 are on a second side of the base 738. The block 742 may comprise an insulative sleeve 754 surrounding each of the contact elements 735 in the first set 794. The sleeves 754 associated with each column of the contact elements 735 may be connected to the same block 742 as best seen in Figure 25. One of the conductive baffles 770 is positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions 736 of the contact elements 735 in the first set 794. The baffles 770 are electrically connected to the conductive base 738. A baffle contact 775 may extend from each one of the conductive baffles 770 such that the third contacts 755 and the baffle contacts 775 are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions 126 of the circuit assembly 122. The baffle contacts 775 can have the same or a different shape than the third contacts 755. For instance, both the third contacts 755 and the baffle contacts 775 car be pin shaped, but the cross section of one of them, such as the baffle contacts 775 can be larger than the cross section of the other. The baffle contacts 775 can be integrally cast out of the same metal with the base 738 and the baffles 770. Alternatively, the baffle contacts 775 can be conductive pins secured in holes in or through the baffles 770. Referring to Figures 25, 31 and 34, a conductive wall 776 may connect adjacent pairs of the baffles 770. The conductive walls 776 extend generally perpendicularly from the base 738. The conductive wall 776 may extend along and connect all of the baffles 770. For instance, the baffles 770 and the wall 776 can be shaped like or be replaced with the shield 300. The housing 728 may further comprise conductive side walls 744 extending generally perpendicularly from the base 738. The base 738 and the conductive side walls 744 partially enclosing the contact region 746. Figure 34 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle of Figures 25-29 exploded from the right angle or angled header of Figures 25 and 30-33. The second contacts 745 of the high density header 700 are not limited to only connecting to the contacts 145 of the receptacle 100. The second contacts 745 of the high density header 700 can connect to any connector having a plurality of terminals or contact elements with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a connector. The receptacle that is mateable with the header 700 can be a vertical receptacle or a right angle or angled receptacle. Preferably, the terminals of the receptacle that is mateable with the header 700 have socket shaped contacts for engaging the second contacts 745 of the header 700. If the receptacle that is mated with the header 700 is a right angle or angled receptacle, then preferably it is the right angle or angled receptacle 100 illustrated in Figure 25. Figure 35 is an exploded perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a high density connector assembly in accordance with the present invention, the assembly including the high density right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figures 3-8 and a high density vertical header 800 for interconnecting a first circuit assembly 822 and a second circuit assembly 824. Figures 35a is an exploded perspective view of parts of the high density vertical header 800 of Figure 35. The connector 800 comprises a high density vertical header 800 for interconnecting a first one of the circuit assemblies 822 and a receptacle including a plurality of terminals with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a receptacle housing, the receptacle further including at least one second side contact. The header 800 is similar to the header assembly disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,601,527. However, pins 802 have been connected to elongated conductive metal spring contacts 810 such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,601,527. The pins 802 are for connecting to conductive regions 826, such as plated through holes 826, on or in the circuit assembly 822. Figure 36 is an enlarged view of a top or first mating side 848 of the high density vertical header 800 of Figure 35. Figure 37 is an enlarged view of a bottom or second mating side 878 of the vertical header 800 of Figure 35. Figure 38 is an enlarged view of a front side 880 of the vertical header 800 of Figure 35. Figure 39 is an enlarged view of an end 882 of the vertical header 800 of Figure 35. Figure 40 includes a cross sectional view of the header 800. Referring to Figures 35-40, the right angle or angled header 800 comprises a plurality of electrically conductive pins 835; an insulative housing 828; an elongated ground strip 830; at least one elongated conductive spring contact 810; and a second plurality of pins 802. Referring, for instance, to Figure 40, each one of the first plurality of electrically conductive contact elements or pins 835 has a first contact or end 845 and a second contact or end 855. The first ends 845 are for engaging the first contacts (such as 245). The insulative housing 828 has a cavity or contact region 846 open at a first end. The cavity 846 is partially enclosed by front and rear elongated side walls 844 and two end walls 843 together with a base or floor 842. The floor 842 is perforated with a plurality of through holes. Each one of the through holes (or the cylindrical walls in the floor 842 defining the through holes) engages one of the pins 835. A side skirt 850 extends downward from each front and rear side wall 844. A plurality of grooves 852 extend parallel to the pins 835 in exterior surfaces of the skirt 850. The grooves 852 are separated by a rib 854 in the side skirts 850. The elongated ground strip 830 is mounted on a second end of the housing 828 between the side skirts 850. The ground strip 830 has a plurality of notches 832 aligned with a lower end of each of the grooves 852 in the side skirts 850. The electrically conductive spring contact 810 is formed to have contact beams 812 for engaging the second contacts (such as at 265). The contact beams 812 project upward in a common plane from a carrier strip 814 optionally with L-shaped ground bars 816 between each beam 812. A first leg of each of the ground bars 816 is attached to the carrier strip 814 in a plane substantially the same as the beams 812. A second leg of each of the ground bars 816 project at a right angle to the plane. A plurality of locking tabs 818 are attached to the carrier strip 814 and project away from each of the beams 812. A plurality of shelf tabs 820 are attached to the carrier strip 814 and project downward away from each of the ground bars 816. The shelf tabs 820 are curled in a direction away from the second legs of the ground bars 816. The spring contact 810 is mounted in the housing 828 so that each of the beams 812 passes through a hole 829 in the housing 828 such that each of the beams 812 is in contact with an interior side of the front and rear side wall 844. The first legs of the ground bars 816 project at right angles from an exterior of the side walls 844. The shelf tabs 820 and locking tabs 818 are bent to grip flat sides of the ground strip 830. The second plurality of pins 802 have first ends and second ends. The first ends of the second plurality of pins 802 are connected to the carrier strip 814 such that second ends 855 of the first plurality of pins 835 and the second ends of the second plurality of pins 802 are arranged in rows and columns to engage the contact regions 826. Figure 40 is a sectional view of the right angle or angled receptacle 200 of Figures 3-8 exploded from the vertical header 800 of Figures 35-39. The third contacts 845 of the high density header 800 are not limited to only connecting to the contacts 245 of the receptacle 200 or the contacts 545 of the receptacle 500. The first ends 845 of the high density header 800 can connect to any connector having a plurality of terminals or contact elements with a plurality of first contacts arranged in rows and columns in a connector with at least one second contact for engaging the contact beams 812. The receptacle that is mateable with the header 800 can be a vertical receptacle or a right angle or angled receptacle. Preferably, the terminals of the receptacle that is mateable with the header 800 have socket shaped contacts for engaging the first ends 845 of the header 800. If the receptacle that is mated with the header 800 is a right angle or angled receptacle, then preferably it is the right angle or angled receptacle 200 illustrated in Figure 35. The first and second circuit assemblies 122, 124, 222, 224, 522, 524, 822, and 824 can be any assemblies that include a plurality of conductors, leads, plated through holes or conductive paths, pads or areas 126, 226, 526, and 826. Each or either one of the circuit assemblies 122, 124, 222, 224, 522, 524, 822, and 824 can be a printed wiring board or a printed circuit board, such as a backpanel, a mother board or a daughter board. Each or either one of time circuit assemblies 122, 124, 222, 224, 522, 524, 822, and 824 can be a cable assembly. The circuit assemblies 122, 124, 222, 224, 522, 524, 822, and 824 can be rigid or flexible. In one typically situation, the header is for electrically and mechanically connecting to a backpanel or mother board and the receptacle is for electrically and mechanically connecting to a daughter board that is perpendicular to the mother board. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the ground structures of the present invention can be modified to be used on any angled receptacle or header where the two contacts of the contact elements of the receptacle or header are at an angle other than 180 degrees from one another. The parts referred to throughout this specification can be made from known materials used to make similar conventional parts. For instance, the insulative housings can be made of various plastics, such as polyetheremide resin or polyphenylene sulfide resin. The conductive walls, conductive bases, baffles and shields can be made of any nonmagnetic metal or metal alloy including zinc, aluminum, copper, brass or alloys thereof. The contact elements of the present invention can be made from any suitable metal used for electrical terminals, such as brass, phosphor bronze, beryllium copper and the like. The contact elements may be plated or coated with a conductive layer, such as tin, nickel, palladium, gold, silver or a suitable alloy. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of the present invention as hereinabove set forth, can effect numerous modifications thereto.

Claims: A right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector (200) for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly (224) having a plurality of contact regions (226) with a second connector (400) having first side walls (444), a plurality of first contacts (445) arranged in rows and columns within the first side walls and at least one second side contact (465) on one of the first side walls, the right angle, angled or vertical connector (200) comprising: an insulative housing (228) having second side walls (230) and a plurality of passages (284) arranged in rows and columns within the second side walls; a first plurality of electrical contact elements (235) wherein: one of the contact elements (235) is partially in each one of the passages (284) ; each contact element has a third contact (245) and a fourth contact (255); the third contacts (245) are arranged in rows and columns for contacting the first contacts (445) of the second connector (400); and each one of the contact elements includes a middle portion (236) configured such that their fourth contacts extend at an angle, perpendicularly, colinearly or parallel with respect to the third contacts; at least one conductor (240) having at least one fifth contact (265) and at least one sixth contact (275), the at least one fifth contact on one of the second side walls (230) for contacting the at least one second contact (465) of the second connector (400); and a conductive shield (300) including: a baffle (302) positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions of the contact elements; a seventh contact (305,307) for contacting each of the sixth contacts; and a plurality of eighth contacts (315) positioned, the fourth contacts (255) and the eighth contacts being arranged in rows and columns for connection to the circuit assembly contact regions (226). The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of Claim 1, wherein the at least one fifth contact (265) is on an exterior surface of one of the second side walls (230). The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of Claim 1 or 2, wherein there are two of the conductors (240) and the conductors are on different ones of the second side walls (230) that are generally parallel to the rows of the contact elements (235). The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of any preceding Claim, wherein the conductor (240) has a plurality of the fifth contacts (265) and a plurality of the sixth contacts (275). The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of Claim 1, further comprising: an insulative spacer (350) having a plurality of holes (352) arranged in rows and columns; and the contact elements (235) and contacts of the shield extending through the holes such that the fourth (255) and eighth (315) contacts are on one side of the spacer and the middle portions (236) are on another side of the spacer. The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of any preceding Claim, wherein the middle portions (236) have a right angle bend. The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of any preceding Claim, wherein the seventh contacts (305,307) include slots or holes in the shield. The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of any preceding Claim, wherein the at least one conductor (240) has a bent end portion (242) for extending into a groove (252) in a mating surface of the connector, such that when the bent end portion is extending into the groove and the at least one sixth contact (275) is connected to the at least one seventh contact (305), then the connector is secured on one of the second side walls (230). The right angle, angled or vertical electrical connector of any preceding Claim, wherein the housing has a plurality of projections (250), the at least one conductor has a plurality of slots or holes (244) for receiving the projections, and the shield has a plurality of slots or holes (320) for receiving the projections. An electrical connector (400,600,800) for electrically and mechanically interconnecting a circuit assembly (222,522) having a plurality of contact regions (226,526) with a second connector (200) having first side walls (230), a plurality of first contacts (245) arranged in rows and columns within the first side walls and at least one second side contact (265) on one of the first side walls, the electrical connector comprising: a plurality of electrical contact elements (435,635), each of the contact elements having a third contact (445,645) and a fourth contact (455,655); a housing (428,628) including: a base (442,638) having a plurality of insulative passages (484,684) arranged in rows and columns extending through the base, one of the contact elements (435,635) fixed in each of the passages with the third contacts (445,645) positioned on a first side of the base in a contact region (446,646) for contacting one of the first contacts (245) of the second connector (200) and the fourth contacts (455,655) positioned on a second side of the base; and conductive side walls (444,644), the base and the conductive side walls partially enclosing the contact region, the conductive side walls comprising at least one fifth contact (465,665) for contacting the at least one second contact (265) of the second connector (200); and at least one sixth contact (475,675) extending from the conductive side walls (444,644), the fourth contacts (455,655) and the sixth contacts (475,675) being arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions (226,526) of the circuit assembly. The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein the base (442) is insulative. The electrical connector of Claim 11, wherein the base (442) further comprises an insulative sleeve (454) surrounding each of the contact elements (435). The electrical connector of Claim 12, wherein the base (442) comprises an insulative layer (456) connected to one end of each of the sleeves (454). The electrical connector of Claim 13, wherein the sixth contacts (475) extend through holes (458) in edge portions (460) of the insulative layer (456). The electrical connector of Claim 13 or 14, wherein the conductive side walls (444) contact and extend generally perpendicularly to edge portions (460) of the insulative layer. The electrical connector of any of claims 11 to 15, wherein the housing (428) further comprises a conductive lattice (462) connected to and extending between the conductive side walls (444), the lattice being generally perpendicular to the conductive side walls and having a plurality of passages (464). The electrical connector of Claim 16, wherein the base further comprises an insulative sleeve (454) surrounding each of the contact elements (435), the sleeves being in the passages (464) of the lattice (462). The electrical connector of any of claims 11 to 17, wherein the electrical connector (400) is a header. The electrical connector of any of claims 11 to 18, wherein the at least one fifth contact (465) is on an interior surface of one of the conductive side walls (444). The electrical connector of any of claims 11 to 19, wherein opposing interior surfaces of the conductive side walls (444) comprise the fifth contacts (465). The electrical connector of claim 10, wherein the base (628) is conductive and each one of the contact elements (635) includes a middle portion (636) configured such that their fourth contacts (655) extend at an angle or perpendicularly with respect to the third contacts (645), the connector further comprising: insulative blocks (642) positioned in the passages (684), the contact elements (635) positioned in the block passages such that their third contacts (645) are on a first side of the base in the contact region and their fourth contacts (655) are on a second side of the base, and a conductive baffle (670) positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions (636) of the contact elements (635), the baffles being connected to the conductive base (638). The electrical connector of claim 21, further comprising a baffle contact (675) extending from each one of the conductive baffles (670) such that the fourth contacts (655) and the baffle contacts are arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions (526) of the circuit assembly (522). The electrical connector of claim 21 or 22, wherein each one of the insulative blocks (642) includes the block passages for holding a column of the contact elements (635). The electrical connector of claim 21, 22 or 23, wherein the blocks further comprise an insulative sleeve (654) surrounding each of the contact elements. The electrical connector of any of claims 21 to 24 further comprising conductive side walls (644) extending from the base (638), the base and conductive side walls partially enclosing the contact region (646). The electrical connector of any of claims 21 to 25 further comprising a second set (796) of contact elements (735), each having a third contact (745) and a fourth contact (755), the third contacts being arranged in rows and columns for contacting the second contacts, and wherein the contact elements of the second set are positioned in some of the passages (784) in the base (738) and are electrically connected to the base. The electrical connector of claim 26, further comprising a conductive wall (776) connecting adjacent pairs of the baffles (770), the conductive wall extending from the base (738). The electrical connector of claim 10 wherein: the contact elements comprise a plurality of conductive pins (835) ; the housing (828) has a pair of opposed side skirts (850) extending between a pair of said conductive side walls (844), the side skirts having a plurality of grooves (852) which extend parallel to the pins and are separated by ribs (854); the connector further comprises an elongate ground strip (830) mounted between the side skirts, the ground strip having a plurality of notches (832) aligned with an end of each of the grooves in the side skirts; said at least one fifth contact of the conductive side walls is an electrically conductive spring contact (810) formed to have contact beams (812) which engage the at least one second contact (265) of the second connector (200) in use and which project inwardly into the contact region in a common plane from a carrier strip (814), a plurality of locking tabs (818) being attached to the carrier strip and projecting away from the beams, and a plurality of shelf tabs (820) being attached to the carrier strip between the locking tabs and extending in the same direction as the locking tabs, the shelf tabs (820) and locking tabs (818) being bent to grip flat sides of the ground strip (830); and the sixth contacts (802) are connected to the carrier strip (814). The electrical connector of claim 28, wherein the first ends of the sixth contacts (802) connect with exterior sides of the shelf tabs (820) and locking tabs (818). A connector assembly for electrically and mechanically interconnecting first and second circuit assemblies (222,224) each having a plurality of contact regions (226), the connector assembly comprising a first connector (400) and a second connector (200), the first connector comprising: a plurality of electrical contact elements (435), each of the contact elements having a first contact (445) and a second contact (455), a housing (428) including: a base (442) having a plurality of insulative passages (484) arranged in rows and columns extending through the base, one of the contact elements (435) fixed in each of the passages with the first contacts (445) positioned on a first side of the base in a contact region (446) and the second contacts (455) positioned on a second side of the base, and conductive first side walls (444), the base and the conductive side walls partially enclosing the contact region (446), the conductive side walls comprising at least one third contact (465); and at least one fourth contact (475) extending from the conductive side walls, the second contacts (455) and the fourth contacts (475) being arranged in rows and columns for connecting to the contact regions of the first circuit assembly (222), the second connector comprising: an insulative housing (228) having second side walls (230) and a plurality of passages (284) arranged in rows and columns within the second side walls; a first plurality of electrical contact elements (235) wherein: one of the contact elements (235) is partially in each one of the passages (283), each contact element has a fifth contact (245) and a sixth contact (255), the fifth contacts (245) are arranged in rows and columns for contacting the first contacts (445) of the first connector, and each one of the contact elements includes a middle portion (236) configured such that their sixth contacts extend at an angle, perpendicularly, colinearly or parallel with respect to the fifth contacts; at least one conductor (240) having at least one seventh contact (265) and at least one eighth contact (275), the at least one seventh contact on one of the second side walls (230) for contacting the at least one second contact (465) of the first connector (400); and a conductive shield (300) including: a baffle (302) positioned between and spaced from columns of the middle portions of the contact elements, a ninth contact (305,307) for contacting each of the eighth contacts, and a plurality of tenth contacts (315), the sixth contacts (255) and the tenth contacts being arranged in rows and columns for connection to the second circuit assembly contact regions (226).

Inventors: FUSSELMAN DAVID FRANCIS, TOWNSEND PETER KEITH, FUSSELMAN, DAVID FRANCIS, TOWNSEND, PETER KEITH
Applicants: CONNECTOR SYSTEMS TECH NV, CONNECTOR SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY N.V.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: H01R23
IPC codes: H01R12, H01R13, H01R24