Tool block with non-rotating, replaceable wear insert

Abstract: A sleeve (2) for containing a rotary driven cutter bit (4) for use on a roadway surface reclaiming machine in a removable manner is disclosed which aids in protecting the tooth-holding block (1) from abrasion by threading a sleeve (2) into the block (1) in such a manner that contact during use by abrasive material with the sleeve tightens the connection between the confronting surfaces of the block and the sleeve (2) is decreased and the useful life is increased. In addition, the sleeves (2) allow for simple, efficient replacement of a damaged cutting tool or sleeve in the reclaiming machine.

Description: Background of the Invention The present invention is directed generally to rotary driven cylindrical cutters and scarifiers for use in earthworking, mining, or other in situ disintegration of hard materials. The invention is particularly directed to such rotary driven cylindrical cutters and scarifiers which have cutter-bit receiving tool blocks mounted directly onto the flighting or directly to the surface of the cylindrical cutter. Summary of the Prior Art The invention has particular utility in connection with cutting bits and blocks similar to that disclosed in Kniff, U.S. Patent 3,512,838 wherein the cutting tool is received in a block in such a manner as to permit the tool to rotate during use so that the tool will remain sharply pointed throughout its life. Other cutting tool mounting arrangements are known which achieve substantially the same positive effect on retaining tool sharpness but also achieve other effects relating to handling of the mined material. Examples of other prior art devices are to be found in Latham, U.S. Patent 4,480,873; Swicher, Jr. U.S. Patent 4,637,753; Tuneblom, U.S. Patent 4,697,850, and Lathum, U.S. patent 5,052,757. In general, the tool receiving blocks disclosed in the prior art include a recess to accept a rotary mining or other cutting tool bit. The cutting bit is removably mounted within the recess in such a way that an edge of the bit projects outward beyond a side or face of the tool block. The outward projection of the cutting bit permits the bit to contact and to cut a material from the work surface. The friction due to the movement of the bit through the material cut from the work surface causes the cutting bit to rotate in the recess of the tool receiving blocks. Some of the material cut from the work surface is of sufficiently small size as to permit its injection between the cutting bit and the tool block where, due to its generally abrasive character, the material causes wear to occur on both the bit and the tool receiving block. Sometimes a rotating wear guard is incorporated with the cutting bit or the tool receiving block to reduce this wear. In use, the abrasive forces, which can also often include sudden rather high value shocks, are transmitted from the cutting bits into the tool receiving blocks. The abrasive forces frequently cause significant wear to the recess of the tool receiving blocks. When the recess becomes too large to hold the cutting bit, it becomes necessary that the machine be stopped for tool receiving block replacement. Also, if a tooth does break off, it is often difficult to remove the remenant of the tooth thus requiring that the tool receiving block be replaced. The repair and replacement of the tool block member damaged in either manner typically necessitates the use of a cutting torch to remove tool receiving blocks and a welder to replace the construction in the field. This time-consuming repair job results in considerable expense to the road-mining machine operator for down time and labor. Misalignment of the support block results in undersirable lateral forces on a new cutting bit which in turn results in very fast wear and ultimate failure of the replaced parts. Summary of the Invention A rotary driven cutter of the present invention is generally comprised of a driven rotatable member such as a drum which is motorized. A plurality of cutter bits are attached to the member or drum through the combination of drum-mounted blocks or flighting sections and insert sleeves inserted between the blocks or flighting and the cutter bits. The cutter bits contact the workface as the drum is rotated to disfigure and dislodge material therefrom, which material is of an abrasive character. The present improvement is intended to avoid many of the difficulties of the prior art by constructing the drum-mounted tool receiving block and tool holders to have particularly advantageous features. The wear insert sleeve inserted between the block and the cutter bit has a right or left threaded outside perimeter depending upon its location on the rotatable drum. The tool receiving block consists of a threaded recess that will accept a similarly threaded wear insert. The tool receiving block can be affixed by welding to the cutting drum or by other means. The selected location of the right and left threaded tool receiving blocks is determined by an evaluation of the flow patterns of the material cut from the work surface by the tool receiving blocks. The right and left threaded tool receiving blocks are situated such that the passing material predominantly contacts only one side of each sleeve causing it to be tightened into the recess of the tool receiving block. Preferably the sleeve includes a tapered exterior collar surface for frictional engagement with the block to prevent intrusion of abrasive material between the block and the sleeve. Further, the length of the sleeve is such that the rearmost section of the cutter bit is wholly received in the sleeve therby preventing direct frictional wear between the cutting tool and the block. While some wear of the interior of the sleeve and the tool will naturally occur, the replacement of the tool and sleeve is easily acomplished using a wrench, and no cutting and re-welding is required. Even in the event that a tool is broken in the sleeve, the tool is generally easily removed without using a cutting torch. Further, in the event that a sleeve resists being replaced, a lower interior surface of the sleeve is threaded in the opposite direction from the sleeve outer surface thereby allowing use of a screw-threaded tool to effect easy replacement. Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the invention as presently perceived. The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures. Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a block, threaded insert and cutting bit according to this invention. FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a threaded insert according to this invention. FIG. 3 is a front view of a rotatable cutter drum on which the invention cam be employed. FIG. 4 is a front view of an alternative rotatable cutter drum on which the invention cam be employed. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment In accordance with the present invention, blocks 1 with sleeves 2 having inter-engaging threads 5 of selected direction can welded or otherwise fixed to a rotatable cutter drum 10 as shown generally in FIG. 3. The rotatable cutter drum 10 includes a cylinder 11 supported generally at both ends by an appropriate support means 12 and driven for rotation by a belts 13 through stub shafts 14 in a manner similar to that shown in U.S. Patents 4,697,850 and 4,637,753. The blocks 1 can be fixed to the drum 10 either as single working elements 15 or in relation to each other so as to form a line of flighting 16. The rotation of the drum 10 shown in FIG. 3 is such that, the upper portion of the drum 10 moves out of the plane of the paper and downward toward the bottom of the drum. It will be seen that with this motion taking place, the flighting 16 acts to drive material located near the right side of the drum toward the left. Likewise, the flighting 16 on the left side of the drum acts to drive material toward the right. In both cases the material mined from the road surface will preferentially contact one side of the sleeve 2 causing the sleeve to experience a rotating force or torque which will be different on opposite sides or ends of the drum. That is, the contact with the abrasive material on the right side of the drum shown in FIG. 3 will cause the sleeves 2 and cutting bits 4 to experience a clockwise rotational force. On the other hand, the contact with the abrasive material on the left side of the drum 10 will cause the sleeves 2 and cutting bits 4 to experience a counter-clockwise rotational force. By selectively threading the blocks 1 and sleeves 2 based on their position on the drum, the frictional forces caused by the passing minned material can ensure tight non-rotating engagement between the inserts 2 and blocks 1 thereby minimizing any need for replacement of the blocks 1 which are fixed to the drum 10. Likewise, sleeves 2 having inter-engaging threads 5 of selected direction in accordance with the present invention can be used on a rotatable cutter drum 17 as shown generally in FIG. 4. The rotatable cutter drum 17 includes a cylinder 18 supported generally at both ends by an appropriate support means, and driven for rotation by drive means, not shown, through stub shafts in a manner similar to that shown in U.S. Patents 4,480,873 and 5,052,757. The drum 17 includes flighting sections 20 which can directly receive the selectively threaded sleeves 2. Alternatively the selectively threaded sleeves 2 can be secured into blocks 1 which are received in recesses 19 in the flighting. In both cases the material mined from the road surface will selectively contact only a portion of the sleeve 2 causing the sleeve to experience a rotating force or torque which will be different based on the flow patterns of the passing mined material. By employing the selectively threaded sleeves 2 based on their position on the drum, the frictional forces can ensure tight non-rotating engagement between the inserts 2 and either the blocks 1 or the flighting 20 thereby minimizing any need for replacement of the blocks or flighting. Each sleeve 2 includes a bore which receives a typical tungsten carbide-tipped cutting bit 4. The rearmost end of the sleeve 2 can be a closed end 6 as shown in Fig. 1 or an open end 8 as shown in Fig. 2. Each sleeve 2 includes a tapered exterior collar surface 3 for frictional engagement with the block 1 into which the sleeve 2 is engaged. Each of the cutting bits 4 generally projects outward beyond the surface of the tool receiving block 1 containing the recess, and in this manner presents a wear point or wear surface to act on the abrasive mined asphaltic road material. When the drum is rotated, the abrasive material predominantly contacts only one side of each cutter bit 4 and insert sleeve 2, based on its location on the drum, which acts as a rotating force on both the cutter bit and insert sleeve. This natural rotation caused by the repeated contact with the abrasive material with each turn of the drum serves to ensure that the sleeve 2 is tightly received into the block or flighting 1. In relation to the rotation of the drum, insert sleeves 2 that point to the right would have left hand threads and those pointing to the left would have right hand threads. The insert sleeve 2 may be placed directly into the flighting making the flighting functionally equivalent to a block 1. In use, the cutting bits 4 will vibrate or otherwise move with respect to the insert sleeve 2 just as in the prior art, which will ultimately result in loss of retention of the cutting bit and necessitate replacement of the sleeve 2. This replacement is easily achieved by the removal of the threaded sleeve and inserting a new sleeve. The replacement of the worn insert is simplified in that a gripping surface 7, which is preferably hexagonal, is provided on the sleeve 2. In the event that the gripping surface 7 is too worn to permit removal of the sleeve 2 from the block 1, the cutting tool 4 can first be removed exposing an oppositely threaded interior section in the base of the sleeve which can be engaged by an easy-out or similar threaded removal tool. Substantially all the wear on the worn insert being replaced occurs between the cutting bit 4 and the sleeve insert 2 since the sleeve is suficiently long to wholy receive the cutting bit and prevent its contact with the block 1. The continuous tightening action of the contact between the threaded sleeve and the abrasive material eliminates any opportunity for wear between the insert and the block thus increasing the useful life of the blocks or flighting into which the threaded sleeve is engaged.

Claims: An apparatus for use on a roadway surface reclaiming machine comprising a driven rotatable member (10,17) having an outer surface (11,18) for confronting a workface, a plurality of tool-holding elements (1,20) fixed to the driven member outer surface (11, 18), a plurality of sleeves (2), each sleeve (2) having a threaded exterior surface (5) engaged in one of the tool-holding elements (1,20), and a like plurality of cutter bits (4), each cutter bit (4) received in one of the plurality of sleeves (2), for rotation with the driven member (10,17) to cut abrasive material from the workface, characterized in that a first portion of said plurality of elements (1,20) includes right-hand threaded interior surfaces (9) for engaging the sleeve (2) and a second portion of said plurality of elements (1,20) includes left-hand threaded interior surfaces (9) for engaging the sleeve (2), said first and second portions of the plurality of tool-holding elements (1,20) being situated on the driven member surface (11,18) such that when the driven member (10,17) is rotated, passing abrasive material predominantly contacts only the left side and right side, respectively, of each sleeve (2) causing a tightening of the threaded engagement between each sleeve exterior surface (5) and the corresponding tool-holding element interior surface (9), thereby increasing the useful life of the tool-holding elements (1,20). An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 where each sleeve (2) is further characterized by a lower interior surface (21) threaded ih the opposite direction from the threaded exterior surface (5) of the sleeve (2) for allowing easy removal of the sleeve (2). An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 where each sleeve (2) is further characterized by a tapered exterior collar surface (3) for frictional engagement with the tool-holding element (1,20). An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 where each sleeve (2) is further characterized by the sleeve (2) having an overall length (L s ) exceeding that of the cutter bit (4) so that the rearmost section (22) of the cutter bit (4) is wholly received in the sleeve (2) thereby preventing frictional engagement between the cutter bit (4) and the tool-holding element (1,20). An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further characterized by flighting (20) fixing the tool-holding elements (1) to the driven member outer surface (18). An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 where the tool-holding elements (1) comprise blocks mounted directly to the driven member outer surface (11).

Inventors: LATHAM WINCHESTER E, LATHAM, WINCHESTER E.
Applicants: KEYSTONE ENG & MFG CORP, KEYSTONE ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: E21C35
IPC codes: E21C35