Optical pickup

Abstract: An optical pickup including a phase layer (8), a polarizer layer (9), and a diffraction grating (3) in a semiconductor substrate (1). A laser beam reflected by an optical information storage medium is caused to change the phase by the phase layer (8), and passes through the polarizer (9) layer to the diffraction grating (3), which divides the laser beam into a transmitted beam and a diffracted beam. The phase layer (8) and the polarizer layer (9) are fabricated at the same time that the semiconductor substrate (1) is manufactured.

Description: The present invention relates to an optical pickup for optically reproducing recorded information from an information storage medium or optically recording information in an information storage medium, and more particularly to an optical pickup for reproducing information recorded on an optical disk in a compact disk (CD) player, a laser vision disk (LVD) player, or the like. Heretofore, optical pickups of the type described above are made up of many discrete components including a semiconductor laser, a polarizing prism, a condensing lens, a photodetector, etc.. It has been difficult to adjust the positions of these individual components relative to each other. Various optical pickups which include components, except an object lens, mounted on a single semiconductor substrate have been developed. One such optical pickup is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 64(1989)-33734. The disclosed optical pickup comprises a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor laser mounted on the semiconductor substrate for emitting a laser beam to read recorded information, a beam splitter mounted on the semiconductor substrate for reflecting the laser beam toward an optical disk and dividing a laser beam reflected from the optical disk into two laser beams through a plurality of reflections, and first and second photodetectors mounted on the semiconductor substrate for detecting the intensities of the two reflected laser beams from the beam splitter. Based on the laser beam intensities detected by the first and second photodetectors, the presence and absence of pits or holes in the recording surface of the optical disk are converted into an electric RF signal for reproducing the information recorded in the optical disk. In order to divide the laser beam reflected from the optical disk into the two laser beams, the reflected laser beam has to be reflected a plurality of times by the beam splitter. Because of this requirement, a plurality of facets of the beam splitter need to be ground into smooth surfaces. In addition, a dielectric multilayer film is evaporated on one of the ground facets to provide a semireflecting mirror surface thereon, and a reflective film is deposited on the other ground facet. Therefore, the conventional optical pickup suffers a first problem in that a complex process is required to fabricate the beam splitter, and the optical pickup is relatively large in size. Furthermore, it is necessary to produce the beam splitter separately from the semiconductor substrate. Since it is difficult to manufacture the beam splitter with precision, the prior optical pickup has a second problem in that the beam splitter cannot be reduced in size, and hence the size of the overall optical pickup remains relatively large in size. Moreover, the beam splitter has to be subsequently mounted on the semiconductor substrate with high accuracy, resulting in a third problem as to a yield reduction. A fourth problem of the conventional optical pickup is that the junction between the semiconductor and the beam splitter mounted thereon causes a loss of optical energy. In view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional optical pickup, it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical pickup which includes a beam splitter that can be manufactured simultaneously with a semiconductor substrate, which is relatively small in size, and which can effectively utilize the intensity of a laser beam at an increased rate. According to the present invention, there is provided an optical pickup comprising a semiconductor substrate, light-emitting means mounted on the semiconductor substrate, for emitting a light beam, a phase layer disposed in the semiconductor substrate, for developing a phase difference between the light beam emitted by the light-emitting means and the light beam reflected by the optical information storage medium, a polarizer layer disposed underneath the phase layer in the semiconductor substrate, for selectively reflecting and passing the light beams which have passed through the phase layer, and light-diffracting means disposed in the semiconductor substrate, for dividing the light beam reflected by the optical information storage medium and passing through the polarizer layer into a transmitted light beam and a diffracted light beam. The light beam emitted from the light-emitting means is reflected to the optical information storage medium by the phase layer and the polarizer layer. The light beam reflected by the optical information storage medium is caused to change its phase by the phase layer, and passes through the polarizer layer. The light beam having passed through the polarizer layer is divided by the light-diffracting means into the transmitted light beam and the diffracted light beam which is then guided through an optical waveguide. At the same time that the semiconductor substrate is manufactured, the phase layer, the polarizer layer, and the light diffracting means are fabricated in a small size in a single process with high precision. The optical pickup can easily be manufactured, is relatively small in size, and can effectively utilize the intensity of the laser beam at an increased rate. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of illustrative example. In the drawings:- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a general optical pickup; FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the general optical pickup shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a side elevational view showing the principles of an optical pickup according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the optical pickup according to the invention; FIG. 5 is a detailed side elevational view of the optical pickup shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 6 is a schematic side elevational view illustrative of the manner in which a laser beam is divided into two beams by a phase layer and a polarizer layer in the optical pickup according to the invention; FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are diagrams showing the relationship between the intensities of various laser beams and the polarizing angle; and FIG. 8 is a plan view of a semiconductor substrate of the optical pickup shown in FIG. 5. Like or corresponding parts are denoted by like or corresponding reference numerals throughout views. General Description of the Invention: Prior to describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a general conventional optical pickup will first be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 for an easier understanding of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a general conventional optical pickup includes a semiconductor laser 1 disposed on a semiconductor substrate 10, for emitting a laser beam toward an optical disk 20, and a beam splitter 2 also disposed on the semiconductor substrate 10. The beam splitter 2 has a facet 21 for reflecting the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 toward the optical disk 20, a facet 22 on the semiconductor substrate 10 for reflecting a portion of the laser beam that has been reflected by the optical disk 20 and passed through the facet 21, and a facet 23 opposite to the facet 22 for reflecting a portion of the laser beam reflected from the facet 22 toward the facet 22 again. The optical pickup also includes a first photodetector 5 embedded in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10 which is held against the facet 22, for detecting the laser beam reflected from the optical disk 20 and passing through the facet 21, and a second photodetector 6 embedded in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10 and spaced from the first photodetector 5, for detecting the laser beam reflected from the facet 23 toward the facet 22. The general optical pickup shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 operate as follows: The laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 is reflected by the facet 21 of the beam splitter 2, and applied through an objective lens (not shown) to the optical disk 20. The laser beam applied to the optical disk 20 is reflected thereby and contains information recorded on the optical disk 20. The laser beam reflected by the optical disk 20 travels through the objective lens to the facet 21 of the beam splitter 2. The reflected laser beam then is refracted by and passed through the facet 21, travels through the beam splitter 2, and is applied to the facet 22 and detected by the first photodetector 5 underneath the facet 22. A portion of the laser beam applied to the facet 22 is reflected thereby toward the opposite facet 23, and is in turn fully reflected by the facet 23. The laser beam reflected by the facet 23 is directed toward the facet 22 and detected by the second photodetector 6 underneath the facet 22. The principles of an optical pickup according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the optical pickup according to the invention comprises a light-emitting means 1 mounted on a semiconductor substrate 10, a phase layer 8 disposed in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10, a polarizer layer 9 embedded in the semiconductor substrate 10 underneath the phase layer 8, a light-diffracting means 3 embedded in the semiconductor substrate 10 below the polarizer layer 9, and an optical waveguide 4 embedded in the semiconductor substrate 10 underneath the light-diffracting means 3. According to the invention, a light beam is emitted from the light-emitting means 1 and applied to the phase layer 8, which passes the laser beam with a phase difference. Only a component of the laser beam which is polarized in the plane of polarization of the polarizer layer 9 passes through the polarizer layer 9. The laser beam which has passed through the polarizer layer 9 is then diffracted by the light-diffracting means 3 and guided through the optical waveguide 4. The optical pickup according to the invention will be described in further detail with reference to FIGS. 4 through 8. As shown in FIGS. 4 through 8, the optical pickup according to the invention comprises a semiconductor substrate 10, and a semiconductor laser 1 for emitting a laser beam at an angle  of depression with respect to the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10, the semiconductor laser 1 being mounted on a mount base 11 disposed on the semiconductor substrate 10. The optical pickup also has a phase layer 8 disposed in the surface of the semiconductor substrate 10 for passing the laser beam with a phase difference, and a polarizer layer 9 embedded in the semiconductor substrate 10 underneath the phase layer 8, for passing a laser beam which is polarized in the plane of polarization of the polarizer layer 9 and reflecting a laser beam perpendicular to the plane of polarization. A diffraction grating 3 is also embedded in the semiconductor substrate 10 below the polarizer layer 9 with a cladding layer 15 interposed therebetween, for dividing a laser beam which has been reflected from an optical disk 20 and passed through the polarizer layer 9, into a transmitted beam (radiated beam), which is composed of most of the laser beam, and a diffracted beam, which is composed of the remaider of the laser beam. Beneath the diffraction grating 3, there is embedded an optical waveguide 4 for passing the transmitted beam downwardly and also guiding the diffracted beam horizontally. In addition, the optical pickup also includes a first photodetector 5 for detecting the transmitted beam to read a track signal and an RF signal therefrom, a second photodetector 5 on an end of the optical waveguide 4 for detecting the diffracted beam to read a focus signal therefrom, and a monitor photodetector 7 embedded in the semiconductor substrate 10 near the phase layer 8 for detecting the laser beam which is emitted from the semiconductor laser 1. The first photodetector 5 is mounted on a side surface of a core layer remotely from the optical waveguide 4. The phase layer 8 serves to give a phase difference of about 53.6° between the electric and magnetic vectors of the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1. The polarizer layer 9 reflects a laser beam in the TE mode from the phase layer 8 and passes a laser beam in the TM mode from the phase layer 8. In order to divide the reflected laser beam with the phase layer 8 and the polarizer layer 9, the phase difference given between the electric and magnetic vectors of the laser beam by the phase layer 8 is selected to be about 53.6° for the following reasons: If it is assumed that the phase of a laser beam changes by an angle  when it passes through the phase layer 8 once, the intensity P L1T1 of a laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 and applied directly to the first photodetector 5 is given by the equation: P L1T1 = sin 2 (/2) The intensity of a laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 1, passing through the phase layer 8, reflected by the upper surface of the polarizer layer 9, passing again through the phase layer 8, reflected by the optical disk 20, and passing through the phase layer 8, i.e., the intensity P L1T2 of the reflected laser beam which passes through the phase layer 8 three times, is expressed as follows: P L1T2 = sin 2 (3/2) · (1 - P L1T1 ) = sin 2 (3/2) · {1 - sin 2 (/2)} Furthermore, the intensity P BAK of any laser beam which returns to the semiconductor laser 1 is given by: P BAK = 1 - P L1T1 - P L1T2 Since the intensity P L1T2 of the laser beam is the intensity of a laser beam which contains a signal component, it is necessary to increase this intensity of the laser beam. In order to maximize the intensity P L1T2 , the intensities P L1T1 , P BAK should be reduced as can be seen from the equation (2). As shown in FIG. 21B, when the polarizing angle is 0.936, the intensity of the reflected laser beam which contains a signal component is maximum. Therefore, the angle  of a change in the phase which is to be produced by the phase layer 2 is as follows:  = 0.936 × (180/π) = 53.629. Accordingly, the phase angle  which is given when the reflected laser beam passes through the phase layer 8 once is about 53.6°. The diffraction grating 9 has two regions for dividing the applied beam into two beams perpendicularly to the tracks of the optical disk 20, and has a grating pattern for removing aberrations produced when the beam passes through the beam splitter 8 and converging the diffracted beam onto the second photodetector 6. The semiconductor substrate 10 has attachment reference marks (not shown) thereon, and the semiconductor laser 1 and the beam splitter 8 are attached to the semiconductor substrate 10 in relation to the attachment reference marks. As shown in FIG. 4, the semiconductor laser 1 and the semiconductor substrate 10 which includes the phase layer 8, the polarizer layer 9, the diffraction grating 3, and the optical waveguide 4 are fixedly housed in and positioned at one end of a pickup casing 30. An objective lens 31 mounted in the other end of the pickup casing 30 is disposed in facing relation to the optical disk 20. The optical pickup shown in FIGS. 4 through 8 operates as follows: The semiconductor laser 1 emits a laser beam (e.g., a P-polarized laser beam) at an angle  of depression with respect to the phase layer 8 of the semiconductor substrate 10. When the laser beam passes through the phase layer 8, the phase of the laser beam changes by about 54°. The laser beam whose phase has thus changed is reflected by the surface of the polarize layer 9, and then passes through the phase layer 8 which again changes the phase of the laser beam by about 54°. Thus, the phase of the laser beam has changed by about 108° at this time. The laser beam with its phase thus changed is focused onto the information-recorded surface of the optical disk 20. The laser beam is diffracted and reflected by the information-recorded surface of the optical disk 20. The reflected laser beam then passes through the phase layer 8, and its phase changes again by about 54°. By this time, the phase of the laser beam has changed about 162°. About 97% of the laser beam passes through the polarizer layer 9. The reflected laser beam that has passed through the polarizer layer 9, and is subjected to wavefront mode coupling by the diffraction grating 3 between the cladding layer 15 and the optical wavefront 4. The laser beam is diffracted and divided into a diffracted beam which is guided through the optical waveguide 4 and a transmitted beam directed downwardly toward the first photodetector 5. Most of the reflected laser is converted into the transmitted beam, which is applied to the first photodetector 5 to generate track and RF signals. The diffracted beam guided through the optical waveguide 4 reaches the second photodetector 6. The second photodetector 6 comprises two pairs of light detectors 61, 62 and 63, 64 for generating a focus signal from the applied diffracted beam. The laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser 2 is applied to and detected by the monitor photodetector 7, which generates an APC signal. When the optical output power of the semiconductor laser 1 varies with temperature, the drive current supplied to the semiconductor laser 1 is controlled on the basis of the APC signal to keep the optical output power at a constant level. As shown in FIG. 8, the semiconductor substrate 10 has two mount lands 11 on which the semiconductor laser 1 is mounted, a laser trimming unit 14 for adjusting the semiconductor laser 1 into optimum operating conditions at the time the semiconductor laser 1 is manufactured, an electric circuit 13 for controlling optical output power of the semiconductor laser 1 and processing signals from the photodetectors 5, 6, 7, a plurality of bonding pads 12 for connection to external circuits by wire bonding, and four light detectors 51, 52, 53, 54 which make up the first photodetector 5. The light detectors 51, 52, 53, 54 produce respective track signals 51a, 52a, 53a, 54a which are applied to the electric circuit 13. The electric circuit 13 produces a tracking control signal by effecting an arithmetic operation on the signals 51a. 52a, 54a according to the push-pull method characterized by the equation: (51a + 53a) - (52a + 54a). The light detectors 61, 62, 63, 64 of the second photodetector 6 produce respective focus signals 61a, 62a, 63a, 64a which are applied to the electric circuit 13. The electric circuit 13 produces a focusing control signal by effecting an arithmetic operation on the signals 61a, 62a, 63a, 64a according to the Foucault knife-edge method characterized by the equation: (61a - 62a) + (64a - 63a). If it is assumed that the laser beam which is emitted from the semiconductor laser 1 and first applied to the phase layer 8 has an intensity of 1, then the laser beam applied directly to the first photodetector 5 has an intensity of 0.203, the laser beam reflected from the optical disk 20 and carrying an information signal has an intensity of 0.775, and the laser beam going back to the semiconductor laser 1 has an intensity of 0.022. The electric circuit 13 includes an APC circuit for adjusting the optical output power of the semiconductor laser 1 based on an APC signal from the monitor photodetector 7. Since the mount lands 11 are disposed on the semiconductor substrate 10, it is possible to mount a mount base of the semiconductor laser 1 directly on the semiconductor substrate 10, which includes an optical integrated circuit, through die bonding. Parts, such as wire bonding parts and silicon pads, which would otherwise be necessary to connect the semiconductor laser 1, are no longer required, and the semiconductor laser 1 can be installed in position with increased accuracy. Examples of dimensions and properties of the layers in the semiconductor substrate 10 according to the invention are as follows: Thickness Refractive index Cladding layer t = 1 µm n c = 1.38 Optical waveguide t = 0.5 µm n f = 1.51 Core layer t = 1.5 µm n s = 1.38 In a region where the intensity of the leaky beam in the TE mode guided through the optical waveguide 4, the cladding layer has a thickness of 0.26 µm and the core layer has a thickness of 0.90 µm. Therefore, the thicknesses of the layers should be larger than these thickness values. While the semiconductor laser 1 is used as the light-emitting means in the disclosed embodiment, any of various other types of laser or a light-emitting diode may be used as the light-emitting means.

Claims: An optical pickup for applying a light beam emitted from light-emitting means (1) mounted on a semiconductor substrate (10), to an optical information storage medium in which information is recorded, and for detecting a light beam reflected from the optical information storage medium, the pickup comprising: said light-emitting means (1) and said substrate, a phase layer (8) disposed in the semiconductor substrate (10), for developing a phase difference between the light beam emitted by the light-emitting means (1) and the light beam reflected by the optical information storage medium; a polarizer layer (9) disposed underneath the phase layer (8) in the semiconductor substrate (10), for selectively reflecting and passing the light beams which have passed through the phase layer (8); and light-diffracting means (3) disposed in the semiconductor substrate (10), for dividing the light beam reflected by the optical information storage medium and passing through the polarizer layer (9) into a transmitted light beam and a diffracted light beam. An optical pickup according to claim 1, further including a core layer disposed in the semiconductor substrate (10), an optical waveguide (4) disposed between the core layer and the light-diffracting means (3), a first photodetector (5) disposed on a side surface of the core layer remote from the optical waveguide (4), for detecting the transmitted light beam from the light-diffracting means (3), and a second photodetector (6) disposed on an end surface of the optical waveguide (4), for detecting the diffracted light beam from the light-diffracting means (3) through the optical waveguide (4). An optical pickup according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the phase layer (8) changes a phase of the light beam by about 54° each time the light beam passes therethrough. An optical pickup according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light-diffracting means (3) comprises at least two regions for dividing the light beam into the transmitted light beam having a greater intensity than the intensity of the diffracted light beam.

Inventors: SUGIURA SATOSHI, SUGIURA, SATOSHI, SUGIURA, SATOSHI, C/O PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP.
Applicants: PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1991
Main classification: G11B7
IPC codes: G02B6, G11B7