Scroll type compressor

Abstract: The present invention relates to a scroll type compressor. In particular, bypass ports (33a,33b) which communicate with the compression chambers (19a,19b) are bored in an end plate (11) of a stationary scroll (10), a capacity control block (50) containing inside a bypass passage which has the bypass ports (33a,33b) communicate with a suction chamber (28) formed in a housing and a valve mechanism (56) which opens and closes the bypass passage is formed separately from the stationary scroll (10), and the capacity control block (50) is engaged with the stationary scroll (10) and installed fixedly in the housing (1), thereby to control the output capacity of the compressor in a range from 0% to 100%.

Description: SPECIFICATION 2. FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART STATEMENT The present invention relates to a scroll type compressor which is suitable for an air conditioner for vehicles and the like. Such a scroll type compressor is known from JP-A-1-106990. There is provided a capacity controlling mechanism with a pair of bypass paths affording communication between bypass holes and the respective intake sides and an unloader valve block provided with a pair of unloader pistons for opening and closing the bypass paths. Said mechanism is however complicate due to the pair of pistons and increases the costs of assembling. For a better understanding of the present invention another conventional scroll type compressor should be explained by referring to Fig.8 thru Fig. 10. It is obvious that in Fig. 8 a discharge valve is disclosed which is also to be seen in the prior mentioned JP-A-1-106990 (see Fig.7). In Fig. 8, a hermetic housing 1 consists of a cup-shaped main body 2, a front end plate 4 fastened thereto with a bolt 3, and a cylindrical member fastened thereto with a bolt 5. A main shaft 7 which penetrates through the cylindrical member 6 is supported rotatably by the housing 1 through bearings 8 and 9. A stationary scroll 10 is disposed in the housing 1, and the stationary scroll 10 is provided with an end plate 11 and a spiral wrap 12 which is set up on the inner surface thereof, and the end plate 11 is fastened to the cup-shaped main body 2 with a bolt 13, thereby to fix the stationary scroll 10 in the housing 1. The inside of the housing 1 is partitioned by having the outer circumferential surface of the end plate 11 and the inner circumferential surface of the cup-shaped main body 2 come into close contact with each other, thus forming a discharge cavity 31 on the outside of the end plate 11 and delimiting a suction chamber 28 on the inside of the end plate 11. Further, a discharge port 29 is bored at the center of the end plate 11, and the discharge port 29 is opened and closed by means of a discharge valve 30 which is fastened to the outer surface of the end plate 11 with a bolt 36 together with a retainer 35. A revolving scroll 14 is provided with an end plate 15 and a spiral wrap 16 which is set up on the inner surface thereof, and the spiral wrap 16 has essentially the same configuration as the spiral wrap 12 of the stationary scroll 10. The revolving scroll 14 and the stationary scroll 10 are made to be eccentric with respect to each other by a radius of revolution in a solar motion, and are engaged with each other by shifting the angle by 180° as shown in the figure. Thus, tip seals 17 buried at a point surface of the spiral wrap 12 come into close contact with the inner surface of the end plate 15, and tip seals 18 buried at a point surface of the spiral wrap 16 come into close contact with the inner surface of the end plate 11. The side surfaces of the spiral wraps 12 and 16 come into close contact with each other at points a , b , c and d so as to form a plurality of compression chambers 19a and 19b which form almost point symmetry with respect to the center of the spiral as shown in Fig. 10. A drive bushing 21 is engaged rotatably through a bearing 23 inside a cylindrical boss 20 projected at a central part of the outer surface of the end plate 15, and an eccentric pin 25 projected eccentrically at the inner end of the main shaft 7 is inserted rotatably into an eccentric hole 24 bored in the drive bushing 21. Further, a balance weight 27 is fitted to the drive bushing 21. A mechanism 26 for checking rotation on its own axis which also serves as a thrust bearing is arranged between an outer circumferential edge of the outer surface of the end plate 15 and the inner surface of the front end plate 4. Now, when the main shaft 7 is rotated, the revolving scroll 14 is driven through a revolution drive mechanism consisting of the eccentric pin 25, the drive bushing 21, the boss 20 and the like, and the revolving scroll 14 revolves in a solar motion on a circular orbit having a radius of revolution in a solar motion, i.e., quantity of eccentricity between the main shaft 7 and the eccentric pin 25 as a radius while being checked to rotate on its axis by means of the mechanism 26 for checking rotation on its axis. Then, linear contact portions a to d between the spiral wraps 12 and 16 move gradually toward the center of the spiral. As a result, the compression chambers 19a and 19b move toward the center of the spiral while reducing volumes thereof. With the foregoing, gas which has flown into a suction chamber 28 through a suction port not shown is taken into respective compression chambers 19a and 19b through opening portions at outer circumferential ends of the spiral wraps 12 and 16 and reaches the central part while being compressed. The gas is discharged therefrom to a discharge cavity 31 by pushing a discharge valve 30 open through a discharge port 29, and outflows therefrom through a discharge port not shown. A pair of cylinders 32a and 32b one end each of which communicates with the suction chamber 28 are bored and these pair of cylinders 32a and 32b are positioned on both sides of the discharge port 29 and extend in parallel with each other in the end plate 11 of the stationary scroll 10 as shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Further, bypass ports 33a and 33b for bypassing gas during compression to above-mentioned cylinders 32a and 32b from the inside of the pair of compression chambers 19a and 19b are bored in the end plate 11. Further, pistons 34a and 34b for opening and closing the bypass ports 33a and 33b are inserted in a sealed and slidable manner into these cylinders 32a and 32b. When the compressor is in full-load operation, the high pressure control gas generated in a control valve 38 is introduced to respective inner end surfaces of the pistons 34a and 34b via through holes 39a and 39b. Then, respective pistons 34a and 34b are made to advance against resiliency of return springs 41a and 41b which are interposed in a compressed state between those pistons and spring shoes 40a and 40b, thereby to block the bypass ports 33a and 33b. On the other hand, the pressure of control gas generated from the control valve 38 is decreased when the compressor is in unload operation. Then, respective pistons 34a and 34b move back by the resiliency of the return springs 41a and 41b to occupy positions shown in the figure, and the gas which is being compressed passes through the bypass ports 33a and 33b from the pair of compression chambers 19a and 19b and outflows into the suction chamber 28 through communication holes 42a and 42b and blind holes 43a and 43b bored in the pistons 34a and 34b and the cylinders 32a and 32b. In such a manner, capacity control is made in accordance with the load in the above-described scroll type compressor. In the above-described conventional compressor, however, the compression chambers 19a and 19b are formed point-symmetrically with respect to the center of the spiral. Therefore, in order to bypass the gas which is being compressed to the suction chamber 28 side from these compression chambers 19a and 19b, respectively, it is required to form a pair of bypass ports 33a and 33b and a pair of cylinders 32a and 32b in the end plate 11, and to provide two sets of pistons 34a and 34b, return springs 41a and 41b, spring shoes 40a and 40b and the like in these pair of cylinders 32a and 32b, respectively. Therefore, there has been such problems that the structure becomes complicated, thus increasing the number of parts and the assembly/working mandays and also increasing the cost and the weight. Moreover, there has been such a drawback that, when the end plate 11 of the stationary scroll 10 is deformed by gas pressure in the compression chambers 19a and 19b working on the end plate 11, the pistons 34a and 34b do not slide smoothly. 3. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention which has been made in view of such circumstances to provide a scroll type compressor for solving above-described problems, and the gist thereof will be described hereunder. (1) A scroll type compressor in which a stationary scroll and a revolving scroll formed by setting up spiral wraps on end plates, respectively, are made to engage with each other while shifting the angle so as to form compression chambers, the stationary scroll is installed fixedly in a housing, and the revolving scroll is made to revolve in a solar motion by means of a mechanism for driving revolution while checking rotation on its axis by a mechanism for checking rotation on its axis, thereby to move the compression chambers toward the center of the spiral while reducing volumes thereof so as to compress gas, thus discharging the compressed gas into a discharge cavity formed in the housing through a discharge port provided in the end plate of the stationary scroll, and a pair of bypass ports which communicate with the compression chambers are bored in the end plate of the stationary scroll, a capacity control block containing inside a bypass passage which has the bypass ports communicate with the suction chamber formed in the housing and a valve mechanism which opens and closes the bypass passage is formed separately from the stationary scroll, and the capacity control block is engaged with the stationary scroll and installed fixedly in the housing; a fitting recessed portion is formed on either one of the outer surface of the end plate of the stationary scroll and the side surface of the capacity control block and a fitting projected portion is formed on the other one thereof, the fitting recessed portion and the fitting projected portion are engaged with each other, and the stationary scroll and the capacity control block are installed fixedly in the housing. With the above-described construction the inside of the housing is partitioned by a seal member thereby to form a suction chamber and a discharge cavity by having the capacity control block come into close contact with the outer surface of the end plate of the stationary scroll and fastened with a bolt together with the stationary scroll from the outside of the housing. Thus, the bypass ports communicate with the suction chamber through the bypass passage of the capacity control block. The capacity of the compressor is controlled by opening and closing the bypass passage by means of a valve mechanism. According to the invention a closed chamber is formed between the second recessed portion (87) bored on the inner surface of said capacity control block (50) which faces the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10) and said end plate (11) so that said pair of bypass ports (33a, 33b) communicate with said closed second chamber; said bypass passage consisting of said closed chamber and a passage communicating with said suction chamber (28) from said closed chamber and being opened and closed by said valve mechanism (54, 56). In combination of these features working of the capacity control block and the stationary scroll becomes easy and the cost may be reduced by a large margin because the volume control block is formed separately from the stationary scroll. Moreover, since the capacity control block is made to come into close contact with the outer surface of the end plate of the stationary scroll and is fastened with a bolt together with the stationary scroll from the outside of the housing, and a seal member which partitions the inside of the housing into the suction chamber and the discharge cavity is interposed between the outer circumferential surface of the capacity control block and the inner circumferential surface of the housing it becomes easier to incorporate the stationary scroll and the capacity control block into the housing, and the capacity control block is not pressed by external force. Thus, the reliability of the capacity control block may be improved. With the above described construction bypass ports communicating with the compression chambers are connected with the suction chamber in the housing through the bypass passage provided in the capacity control block by engaging the capacity control block with the stationary scroll and installing it fixedly in the housing, and the capacity of the compressor is controlled by opening and closing the bypass passage by means of a valve mechanism. According to the present invention working of the stationary scroll and the capacity control block becomes easier, the cost may be reduced by a large margin, and it is also possible to incorporate the capacity control block into the housing easily. 4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 thru Fig. 7 show a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein: Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view; Fig. 2 is a perspective view taken along a line II-II in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along a line III-III in Fig. 6; Fig. 4 is a view taken along a line IV-IV in Fig. 6; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along a line V-V in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along a line VI-VI in Fig. 4; and Fig. 7 is a view taken along a line VII-VII in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 thru Fig. 10 show an example of a conventional scroll type compressor, wherein: Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view; Fig. 9 is a partial sectional view taken along a line IX-IX in Fig. 10; and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line X-X in Fig. 8. 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Fig. 1 thru Fig. 7 show an embodiment of the present invention. A pair of bypass ports 33a and 33b which communicate with compression chambers 19a and 19b are bored in an end plate 11 of a stationary scroll 10. A capacity control block 50 is arranged so as to come into close contact with the outer surface of the end plate 11 of the stationary scroll 10. The capacity control block 50 is fixed in a housing 1 together with the stationary scroll 10 by fitting a fitting recessed portion 51 provided thereon to a fitting projected portion 10a provided on the stationary scroll 10, having a bolt 13 pass through a bolt hole 52 bored in the capacity control block 50 from the outside of the housing 1 and screwing the point end thereof into the stationary scroll 10. Then, the inside of the housing 1 is partitioned into a suction chamber 28 and a discharge cavity 31 by burying a seal member 100 in the rear outer circumferential surface of the capacity control block 50 and having this seal member 100 come into close contact hermetically with an inner circumferential surface of a cup-shaped main body 2. A discharge hole 53 communicating with a discharge port 29 is bored at the central part of the capacity control block 50, and this discharge hole 53 is opened and closed by means of a discharge valve 30 fastened to the outside surface of the capacity control block 50 with a bolt 36 together with a retainer 35. A cylinder 54 having a blind hole shape is bored on one side of the discharge hole 53, and a hollow cavity 55 having a blind hole shape is bored in parallel with the cylinder 54 on another side, respectively, and opening ends of the cylinder 54 and the hollow cavity 55 communicate with the suction chamber 28, respectively. A cup-shaped piston 56 is contained in the cylinder 54 in a sealed and slidable manner, and a control pressure chamber 80 is delimited on one side of the piston 56 and a chamber 81 delimited on another side communicates with the suction chamber 28. Further, this piston 56 is pushed toward the control pressure chamber 80 by a coil spring 83 interposed between the piston 56 and a spring shoe 82. Further, a ring recessed groove 93 bored on the outer circumferential surface of the piston 56 always communicates with the chamber 81 through a plurality of holes 94. On the other hand, a control valve 58 is fitted into the hollow cavity 55, and an atmospheric pressure chamber 63, a low pressure chamber 64, a control pressure chamber 65 and a high pressure chamber 66 are delimited by partitioning a clearance between the hollow cavity 55 and the control valve 58 with O-rings 59, 60, 61 and 62. Further, the atmospheric pressure chamber 63 communicates with atmospheric air outside the housing 1 through a through hole 67 and a connecting pipe not shown. The low pressure chamber 64 communicates with the suction chamber 28 through a through hole 68, the control pressure chamber 65 communicates with the control pressure chamber 80 through a through hole 69, a recessed groove 70 and a through hole 71, and the high pressure chamber 66 communicates with the discharge cavity 31 through a through hole 72. Thus, the control valve 58 senses a high pressure HP in the discharge cavity 31 and a low pressure LP in the suction chamber 28, and generates a control pressure AP which is an intermediate pressure of these pressures and may be expressed as a linear function of a low pressure LP. As shown in Fig. 7, recessed grooves 70, 90 and 91, a first recessed portion 86, a second recessed portion 87 and a third recessed portion 88 are bored on the inner surface of the capacity control block 50. A seal material 85 is fitted in a seal groove 84 bored at a land portion 57 surrounding these first, second and third recessed portions 86, 87 and 88. By having this seal material 85 come into close contact with the outer surface of the end plate 11 of the stationary scroll 10, these first, second and third recessed portions 86, 87 and 88 are formed between the capacity control block 50 and the outer surface of the end plate 11, and partitioned by means of the seal material 85. The first recessed portion 86 communicates with the control pressure chambers 65 and 80 through the recessed groove 70 and the through holes 69 and 71, the second recessed portion 87 communicates with compression chambers 19a and 19b which are being compressed through a pair of bypass ports 33a and 33b bored in the end plate 11 and communicates also with the chamber 81 of the cylinder 54 via through holes 89a and 89b, and the third recessed portion 88 communicates with a discharge hole 53 through the recessed grooves 90 and 91 and communicates also with the chamber 81 of the cylinder 54 through a communication hole 92. Besides, the bypass ports 33a and 33b are disposed at positions to communicate with the compression chambers 19a and 19b during the period until the compression chambers enter into a compression process after terminating suction of gas, and the volume thereof is reduced to 50%. Other construction is the same as that of a conventional apparatus illustrated in Fig. 8 thru Fig. 10, and the same reference numerals are affixed to corresponding members. When the compressor is in an unload operation, the control pressure AP generated at the control valve 58 is lowered. When this control pressure AP is introduced into the control pressure chamber 80 through the through hole 69, the recessed groove 70 and the through hole 71, the piston 56 is pushed by a restoring force of the coil spring 83 and occupies a position shown in Fig. 3. Since the communication holes 89a and 89b and the communication hole 92 are thus opened, gas which is being compressed in the compression chambers 19a and 19b enters into the chamber 81 through the bypass ports 33a and 33b, the second recessed portion 87, and the communication holes 89a and 89b. On the other hand, the gas in the compression chamber which has reached the center of the spiral, viz., the gas after compression enters into the chamber 81 through the discharge port 29, the discharge hole 53, the third recessed portion 88, recessed grooves 90 and 91, and the communication hole 92. These gases join together in the chamber 81 and are discharged into the suction chamber 28. As a result, the output capacity of the compressor becomes zero. When the compressor is in full-load operation, the control valve 58 generates a high control pressure AP. Then, the high control pressure AP enters into the control chamber 80, and presses the inner end surface of the piston 56. Thus, the piston 56 moves back against the resiliency of the coil spring 83, and occupies a position where the outer end thereof abuts against the spring shoe 82, viz., a position shown in Fig. 2. In such a state, all of the communication holes 89a and 89b and the communication hole 92 are blocked by means of the piston 56. Therefore, the gas which is compressed in the compression chambers 19a and 19b and reaches the central part of the spiral passes through the discharge port 29 and the discharge hole 53, and pushes the discharge valve 30 open so as to be discharged into the discharge cavity 31, and then discharged outside through a discharge port not shown. When the output capacity of the compressor is reduced, a control pressure AP corresponding to a reduction rate is generated in the control valve 58. When this control pressure AP acts onto the inner end surface of the piston 56 through the control pressure chamber 80, the piston 56 comes to a standstill at a position where the pressing force by the control pressure AP and the resiliency of the coil spring 83 are equilibrated. Accordingly, only the communication holes 89a and 89b are opened while the control pressure AP is low, the gas which is being compressed in the compression chambers 19a and 19b is discharged into the suction chamber 28 by the quantity corresponding to the opening of the communication holes 89a and 89b, and the output capacity of the compressor is reduced down to 50% when the communication holes 89a and 89b are fully opened. Furthermore, when the control pressure AP is lowered, the communication hole 92 is opened, and the output capacity of the compressor becomes zero when it is fully opened. In such a manner, it is possible to have the output capacity of the compressor vary from 0% to 100% linearly. In the above-described embodiment, a bypass passage is formed of the chamber 81, the communication holes 89a, 89b and 92 and the like of the cylinder 54, and this bypass passage is opened and closed by means of a valve mechanism consisting of the piston 56, the return spring 83, the spring shoe 82 and the like. However, these bypass passage and the valve mechanism are not limited to those that are shown, but it is a matter of course that variety of constructions and configurations may be adopted. Further, the seal member 100 is buried in the outer circumferential surface of the capacity control block 50 in above-described embodiment, but the seal member 100 may also be buried in the inner circumferential surface of the housing 1. Furthermore, a fixed capacity compressor is obtainable in case no capacity control block is incorporated. In this case, the stationary scroll, the housing and the like may be used in common without special modification.

Claims: A scroll type compressor in which a stationary scroll (10) and a revolving scroll (14) formed by setting up spiral wraps (12, 16) on end plates (11, 15), respectively, are made to engage with each other while shifting the angle so as to form compression chambers (19a, 19b), said stationary scroll (10) is installed fixedly in a housing (1), and said revolving scroll (14) is made to revolve in a solar motion by means of a mechanism (20, 21, 25) for driving revolution while checking rotation on its axis by a mechanism (26) for checking rotation on its axis, thereby to move said compression chambers toward the center of the spiral while reducing volumes thereof so as to compress gas, thus discharging the compressed gas into a discharge cavity (31) formed in said housing through a discharge port (29) provided in the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10), and a pair of bypass ports (33a, 33b) which communicate with said compression chambers (19a, 19b) are bored in the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10), a capacity control block (50) containing inside a bypass passage which has the bypass ports (33a, 33b) communicate with a suction chamber (28) formed in said housing (1) and a valve mechanism (54, 56) which opens and closes the bypass passage is formed separately from said stationary scroll (10), and the capacity control block (50) is engaged with said stationary scroll (10) and installed fixedly in said housing (1), a fitting recessed portion (51) is formed on either one of the outer surface of the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10) and the side surface of said capacity control block (50) and a fitting projected portion (10a) is formed on the other thereof; said fitting recessed portion (51) and said fitting projected portion (10a) are engaged with each other; said stationary scroll (10) and said capacity control block (50) are installed fixedly in said housing (1), and said capacity control block (50) is made to come into close contact with the outer surface of the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10), and is fixed by fastening with a bolt (13) together with said stationary scroll (10) from the outside of said housing (1). characterized in that, a closed chamber is formed between the second recessed portion (87) bored on the inner surface of said capacity control block (50) which faces the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10) and said end plate (11) so that said pair of bypass ports (33a, 33b) communicate with said closed second chamber; said bypass passage consisting of said closed chamber and a passage communicating with said suction chamber (28) from said closed chamber and being opened and closed by said valve mechanism (54, 56). A scroll type compressor according to Claim (1), characterized in that a seal member (85) which partitions the inside of said housing (1) into said suction (28) chamber and said discharge cavity (31) is interposed between the outer circumferential surface of said capacity control block (50) and the inner circumferential surface of said housing (1). A scroll type compressor according to Claim 1, characterized in that a through hole of said bolt (13) is provided in said capacity control block (50), a tapped hole for said bolt is provided in the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10), and said bolt is inserted into said through hole and said tapped hole from the outside of said housing (1) so as to fix by fastening said stationary scroll and said capacity control block to said housing. A scroll type compressor according to Claim 3, characterized in that a fitting recessed portion is formed on the outer circumference of the side surface of said capacity control block (50), said through hole is provided at said recessed portion, a fitting projected portion is formed on the outer circumference of the outer surface of the end plate (11) of said stationary scroll (10), said fitting recessed portion and said fitting projected portion are engaged with each other and fixed by fastening with said bolt (13) from the outside of said housing (1).

Inventors: HIRANO TAKAHISA, IIO TAKAYUKI, MORITA YOSHIHARU, HIRANO, TAKAHISA, IIO, TAKAYUKI, MORITA, YOSHIHARU, Hirano, Takahisa, c/o Nagoya Techn. Inst., Iio, Takayuki, A.C.&amp; R.M.w., Mitsubishi Jukogyo KK, Morita, Yoshiharu, c/o Churyo Engineering K.K.
Applicants: MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD, MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1991
Main classification: F04C29
IPC codes: F04B49, F04C18, F04D29, F04C28