Lower alkylene oxide purification

Abstract: A method is provided for the separation by extractive distillation of hydrocarbon impurities from lower alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide wherein a glycol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms is used as extractive solvent.

Description: Background of the Invention Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the separation of hydrocarbon impurities from lower alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide by extractive distillation with a glycol extractive solvent. Description of the Prior Art Monoepoxides such as propylene oxide are highly important chemicals useful in a great number of applications. An important commercial technology for producing the monoepoxides is via the catalytic reaction between the corresponding olefin and an organic hydroperoxide. See, for example, U.S. Patent 3,351,635. In carrying out this reaction the organic hydroperoxide is reduced to the corresponding alcohol. Also produced, however, are small amounts of other oxygen-containing compounds such as methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde and the like, as well as hydrocarbons which are difficult to separate. In general, the alcohol resulting from the reduction of the hydroperoxide can be separated from the epoxide product by ordinary distillation methods, particularly since the organic hydroperoxide employed can be selected to permit this separation. The small amounts of hydrocarbons and other oxygenated compounds, however, remain as impurities in the olefin oxide product. For certain of the epoxides, it is extremely important that these impurities be reduced to a very low ppm level, e.g., below 50 ppm. Hydrocarbon impurities associated with the lower alkylene oxides are paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons and in the case of propylene oxide are believed to be propylene derivatives having from 4 to 7 carbon atoms per molecule, primarily derivatives having 6 carbon atoms per molecule. The C₆ compounds include primarily methyl pentenes and methyl pentanes. These materials have boiling points sufficiently close to that of propylene oxide (about 35°C at 760 mm/Hg) so that they are not effectively separated from propylene oxide by direct fractionation. In some cases an azeotrope is formed, making separation even more difficult. U.S. Patent 3,843,488 describes the separation of contaminating hydrocarbons from propylene oxide by distillation in the presence of a C₈ to C₂₀ alkane, alkene or naphthene. U.S. Patent 3,909,366 describes the separation of contaminating hydrocarbons from propylene oxide by distillation in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. U.S. Patent 3,464,897 shows propylene oxide purification by extractive distillation with aliphatic or cyclic paraffins having 8 to 12 carbon atoms. It has previously been proposed to separate oxygen-containing impurities from the propylene oxide by extractive distillation using lower glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. See U.S. Patent 3,578,568 which describes this procedure and which teaches use of solvent in amount to comprise 15 to 50% of the vapor space in the distillation zone. European patent application No. 90303149.0 published as EP-A-0389300 describes a similar separation but using much less solvent whereby propylene oxide losses are reduced. According to the present invention there is provided a method for the separation of hydrocarbon impurities from an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms by extractive distillation which comprises introducing a feed comprising said alkylene oxide and containing hydrocarbon impurities into an intermediate section of an extractive distillation zone, introducing an extractive distillation solvent comprising C₂-C₅ glycol into the upper section of said extractive distillation zone, distilling said close-boiling hydrocarbon impurities overhead from said extractive distillation zone and removing a mixture comprising C₂-C₅ glycol and said alkylene oxide substantially free of said hydrocarbon impurities from the lower section of the said extractive distillation zone. The invention will now be described in more detail and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates an application of the method to a continuous system. This invention is applicable to the purification of propylene oxide prepared, for example, by reaction of an organic hydroperoxide with propylene and containing C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon contaminants, generally in amounts of 100 to 3000 ppm by weight, usually 200 to 1000 ppm. As has been pointed out, in the preparation of C₂-C₄ alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide there are produced various impurities including C₄ to C₇ hydrocarbons as well as oxygen-containing materials such as water, low molecular weight alcohols, low molecular weight ketones, low molecular weight aldehydes and the like. In accordance with this invention, the impure alkylene oxide is subjected to extractive distillation with the glycol extractive solvent whereby hydrocarbon impurities are separated overhead as lights from the propylene oxide and solvent mixture. Thereafter, oxygenated impurities can be separated as by the procedure of said EP-A-0389300, for example. The solvents used in the extractive distillation are glycols having 2 to 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol, 1,2 propane diol (monopropylene glycol), diethylene glycol, butane diol and pentane diol. The method of this invention can be carried out either in a batch system or a continuous system. In the batch system the impure alkylene oxide, e.g., propylene oxide, is introduced into a vessel which can be heated and which is fitted with a fractionation column into which the extractive solvent can be introduced. The extractive solvent is introduced into the fractionating column at a point near the top of the column so that preferably there is some fractionation above the point of introduction. Reflux is also provided. The extractive solvent is suitably introduced at a temperature approximately the same as the boiling point of the mixture in the vessel at the point of introduction. In the batch process the impure alkylene oxide mixture is heated to boiling and the solvent is introduced into the column in the appropriate amount. Hydrocarbon impurities are withdrawn overhead from the column while the solvent and alkylene oxide, together with any contained oxygenated impurities, accumulate in the distillation vessel until finally all of the hydrocarbons or substantially all has been distilled overhead. A reflux to feed ratio of 0.2:1 to 5:1 generally is sufficient. In the continuous system the feed consisting of the impure alkylene oxide mixture is introduced into a fractionation tower near the middle or lower section of the tower and the glycol extractive solvent is introduced into the upper section of the tower. The bottom of the tower is generally provided with a reboiler system to provide the necessary heat for fractionation. The bottoms from the tower consisting of the solvent and oxide as well as impurities such as methanol pass through the reboiler where it is heated by indirect exchange or by direct heat and a portion of the bottoms liquid thus heated and partially vaporized is recycled to the lower part of the column. The remaining portion is withdrawn. The overhead vapors consisting of the hydrocarbon impurities are withdrawn from the tower and condensed. Usually in accordance with conventional practice a portion of the condensate is returned as recycle or reflux to the top of the tower. Reflux to feed ratios of about 0.2:1 to 5:1 are likewise appropriate. Such a system is well known in accordance with conventional engineering practices in extractive distillation processes and many modifications thereof are known and can be employed. One embodiment of the foregoing description of the continuous system is shown in the drawing wherein numeral 1 refers to the fractionation tower or extractive distillation zone which is provided with conventional trays, packing or the like. The impure propylene oxide mixture containing C₄ to C₇ hydrocarbon impurities is introduced into tower 1 through line 2, and the extractive solvent is introduced into tower 1 through line 3. The bottoms from the tower comprising the propylene oxide substantially free of the hydrocarbon impurities and the solvent is removed through line 4 and passed through reboiler 5 wherein the bottoms are heated. Heated liquid is passed through line 6 and a portion is returned through line 7 to the tower 1 to provide the heat necessary for the distillation. The remaining portion of the bottoms is removed through line 8 and appropriately passed to a stripper (not shown) wherein purified propylene oxide is stripped overhead from a bottoms solvent stream which is recycled. The overhead vapors consisting of the hydrocarbon impurities are withdrawn from the tower through line 9 and passed to condenser 10 and from condenser 10 through line 11 to receiver 12. A portion of the condensate can be returned to the top of the tower 1 through line 13, as reflux, and the remainder of the condensate is withdrawn from the receiver 12 through line 14. The following example is provided to illustrate the invention in greater detail and to demonstrate its utility. Example 1 A continuous extractive distillation run was carried out in an eighty-five (85) tray two-inch Oldershaw column with the solvent feed and propylene oxide feed at 25 and 40 trays from the top, respectively. The column was operated at 1 atmospheric pressure. About 392 grams/hr of propylene oxide containing 1000 ppm C₄-C₇ hydrocarbon impurities, mainly methyl pentanes and methyl pentenes, were fed to the distillation column at 40th tray from the top while monopropylene glycol solvent was fed to the 25th tray from the top at 257 grams/hr, a solvent to feed ratio of 0.66. The reflux to feed ratio was 2:1. About 633 grams/hr of propylene oxide and solvent were separated as bottoms while 16 grams/hr of hydrocarbon impurities together with propylene oxide were separated overhead. Overhead temperature was 34°C; bottoms temperature was 50°C. The overhead was primarily propylene oxide and contained 2.4 wt.% hydrocarbon impurities. The propylene oxide and solvent bottoms stream was passed to a stripping column and a purified propylene oxide stream was recovered overhead. A bottoms propylene glycol solvent stream was separated and recycled. The purified propylene oxide contained 21 ppm hydrocarbon impurities.

Claims: A method for the separation of hydrocarbon impurities from an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms by extractive distillation which comprises introducing a feed comprising said alkylene oxide and containing hydrocarbon impurities into an intermediate section of an extractive distillation zone, introducing an extractive distillation solvent comprising C₂-C₅ glycol into the upper section of said extractive distillation zone, distilling said close-boiling hydrocarbon impurities overhead from said extractive distillation zone and removing a mixture comprising C₂-C₅ glycol and said alkylene oxide substantially free of said hydrocarbon impurities from the lower section of the said extractive distillation zone. A method as claimed in Claim 1 characterised in that said alkylene oxide is propylene oxide. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterised in that said extractive distillation solvent is monopropylene glycol. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterised in that said extractive distillation solvent is monoethylene glycol. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that fractionation occurs above the point of introduction of the extractive solvent.

Inventors: SHIH T THOMAS, SHIH, T. THOMAS
Applicants: ARCO CHEM TECH, ARCO CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, L.P.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: C07D301
IPC codes: C07D303, B01D3, C07D301