Ink jet head

Abstract: An ink jet head is disclosed for use with a drop-on demand type printer, and includes an insulating base (201), a plurality of elongated barriers (205) projecting upwardly from the base so as to form a plurality of slots (202) between the barriers, a plurality of nozzle holes (203) communicating with the slots, and electrodes formed on the side walls of the elongated barriers. Voltage can be applied to the various barriers through the electrodes in order to cause deflection of the barriers and a corresponding reduction in the cross-sectional area of selected slots, so as to force ink contained in the slots to be jetted through the nozzle holes. In order to provide a uniform ink jet intensity from the outermost slots relative to the inner slots, dummy slots can be formed outwardly of the outermost active slots by providing dummy barriers outwardly of the outermost active barriers. In addition, the nozzle holes are formed in a lid (208). The lid is mounted atop the base. When mounted atop the base, possible breakage of the ends of the barriers is less of a problem. Further, the plurality of barriers can either be mounted to the base by an adhesive, or can be formed integrally with the base. Also, the ink jet head can be formed with two bases, one atop the other, with the barriers of the bases being polarized in opposite directions.

Description: The present invention relates to an ink jet printer head for a drop-on demand (DOD) type printer. Among non-impact type printers, ink jet printers have recently become quite popular, due, in large part, to the fact that they operate on a relatively simple principle and are suitable for use in colour printing. Of the non-impact type printers, continuous ink jet type printers were first developed, with DOD type printers being more recently developed. Such DOD type printers do not continuously jet ink, but rather jet ink only when it is necessary to form a dot. Currently, these DOD type printers are more popular than the continuous ink jet type printers. A typical DOD type printer is a Kyser type printer such as that disclosed in Japanese patent publication No. 12138/1978. However, such Kyser DOD type printers are burdened by the fact that they are quite difficult to miniaturize. Another typical DOD type printer is a thermal jet type such as that disclosed in Japanese patent publication No. 59914/1986. However, such thermal jet type printers are burdened by the fact that the ink used therein must be heated to a relatively high temperature, thus resulting in burning and sticking of the ink. Accordingly, as disclosed in Japanese patent laid-open No. 252750/1988 (and EP-A-0278590), a shear mode type DOD printer has been developed in order to overcome the above-noted problems confronting these typical DOD type printers. The construction and principles of operation of this shear mode type printer will now be described with reference to Figures 7-10 and 18. As best shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), a plurality of elongated barriers 95ab, 95bc, and 95cd are bonded onto a base 105 by an adhesion layer 108 in such a manner as to form narrow slots 92a, 92b, and 92c which define ink chambers and flow paths. The ink for these narrow slots 92a, 92b and 92c is to be supplied from a common ink reservoir 187 defined at first ends of the slots 92a, 92b and 92c so as to be in communication, as best seen in Figures 10 and 18, with the narrow slots. Second ends of the slots 92 are substantially closed by a nozzle plate 100 bonded to the ends of the barriers 95. The nozzle plate 100 has a plurality of small nozzle holes 93a-93f formed therein in communication with each of the slots 92a-92f, respectively. A lid 106 is bonded to upper surfaces of the barriers 95 by a flexible elastic material 109 in such a manner that the barriers 95 are flexible in lateral directions relative to the lid 106 (see Fig. 9(b)). The base 105 is to have electrical insulation characteristics by being formed, for example, of glass or ceramics. The lid 106 is also formed of glass or ceramics in order to provide it with electrical insulation characteristics. The barriers 95, however, are formed of piezoelectric material such as titanic acid zirconic lead (PZT). Again referring to Figures 7, 9(a) and 9(b), electrodes 94a2-94f1 are mounted along the entirety of each of the side walls of the plurality of barriers 95ab-95ef. Each of the barriers 95ab-95ef is polarized in a like direction as shown by arrows 107 (or in a direction opposite thereto). Accordingly, when a sufficiently large electric potential is induced across the electrodes 94a2 and 94b1, the barrier 95ab is forced to deflect in the manner shown in Figure 9(b). As shown, because the elastic material 109 is more flexible than the adhesion layer 108, the deflection of the barrier 95ab mainly occurs at the upper portion thereof nearest the lid 106. In a like manner, when a sufficiently large electric potential is provided to the electrodes 94b1 and 94b2 (the electrodes 94b1 and 94b2 are normally of the same electric potential), the barrier 95bc is caused to deflect in the manner shown in Figure 9(b). Such deflection of the barriers 95ab and 95bc causes a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the slot 92b (and thus in the volume thereof), such that ink contained in the slot 92b is forced outwardly through the nozzle hole 93b. Thus, by selectively causing deflections of the various barriers in the above-noted manner, ink drops can be forced out (or jetted) from the selected nozzle holes 93a-93f. With this type of arrangement, the slots 92a-92f may be formed narrowly so as to allow for miniaturization, and it is also unnecessary to utilize high temperatures as in the kizer type printer discussed above. Accordingly, the ink jet head disclosed in the Japanese patent application laid-open No. 252750/1988, the problems noted above in connection with DOD type printer heads of Japanese publication 12138/1978 and 59914/1986, have been obviated. However, this ink jet head disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 252750/1988 is still beset with various shortcomings. More specifically, the reduction in cross section of each of the four slots 92b-92e is effected by deflection of the two barriers between which the particular slot is defined. However, this is not the case with respect to the two outermost slots 92a and 92f, the cross-sectional area of the slot 92a, for example, being effected by only the deflection of the barrier 95ab, and not by deflection of a second barrier. Therefore, if, when the cross-sectional area of the slot 92a is to be reduced in order to force an ink drop from the nozzle hole 93a, the barrier 95ab is caused to deflect toward the slot 92a by the same amount as each of the barriers 95ab and 95bc would be deflected toward the slot 92b in order to force an ink drop through the nozzle hole 93b, the force which will act upon the ink contained in the slot 92a will be less than that for the slot 92b. This can, in extreme cases, cause no ink to be discharged and, in other cases, can cause the dot created by the ink drop to be of a smaller or irregular size relative to dots produced from the nozzle holes 93b-93e. This results in poor printing quality due to the occurrence of missing ink dots and irregular ink dot sizes. The reduction in the force acting on the ink in the slot 92a (or 92f) relative to that which acts on ink in the slots 92b-92e, can be somewhat obviated by applying different voltages to the outermost barriers 95ab and 95ef than is applied to the other barriers 95bc-95de. This variance in the voltage is applied as illustrated in Figure 8, in which the vertical axis represents voltage and the horizontal axis represents time. The wave forms 81-86 in Figure 8 represent different voltages applied to the barriers 95ab, 95bc and 95cd, respectively, at different times, and the lines 87, 88 and 89 represent zero voltage levels for the barriers 95ab, 95bc and 95cd, respectively. As clearly illustrated in Figure 8, the voltage applied to each barrier is opposite in polarity to that applied to its neighbouring barrier, in order to cause the barriers to deflect toward or away from one another. The wave forms 81-86 also illustrate that application of voltage to the barriers is substantially instantaneous, whereas the removal of voltage from the barriers is relatively gradual. This is necessary so that the barriers are moved rapidly for the purpose of jetting ink, but moved more gradually in terminating the jetting of the ink. The wave forms 81-86 are thus shaped non-symmetrically in order to illustrate this manner of applying and removing the voltage from the barriers. As further illustrated in Figure 8, the magnitude of the voltage applied to the barrier 95ab to cause jetting of ink from the nozzle hole 93a is approximately double the magnitude of the voltage applied to each of the barriers 95ab and 95bc when it is desired to cause ink to be jetted from the nozzle hole 93b. This will increase the deflection of the barrier 95ab during jetting of ink from the nozzle hole 93a relative to the deflection of the two barriers 95ab and 95bc during jetting of ink from the nozzle hole 93b (in this regard, compare wave form 82 applied during jetting of ink from the nozzle hole 93a to the wave forms 81 and 83 illustrating the voltage applied during jetting of ink from the nozzle hole 93b). While this application of a higher magnitude of voltage to the outermost barriers during jetting of ink from the outermost nozzle holes, the above-noted reduction in the ink jetting force from the nozzle holes 93a and 93f is at least partially obviated. However, this solution to the one problem results in additional problems as follows: (1) Because the application of the higher voltage (as illustrated by wave form 82) causes a relatively greater deflection of the barrier 92ab, when ink is being jetted from the nozzle hole 93a, the cross-sectional area of the neighboring slot 92b is markedly increased, thus causing a substantial reduction in the pressure in the slot 92b. This reduction in pressure results in the formation of air bubbles in the ink contained in the slot 92b, thereby resulting in irregular jetting of ink from the nozzle hole 93b; (2) Because the deflection of the barrier 95ab in forcing ink to be jetted from the nozzle 93a is relatively large, the return of the barrier 95ab to its normal rest position causes a relatively large volume reduction in the slot 92b, thereby often resulting in ink being improperly jetted from the nozzle hole 93b; and (3) The non-symmetrical shape of the voltage wave forms 81 and 82, along with the large magnitude of the voltage of wave form 82, often results in the polarization of the barrier 5ab in the direction of the electrode 4b1 and away from the electrode 4a2. This polarization results in the reduction of deflecting force for the barrier 5ab. In addition to the problems created by the fact that the outermost slots 92a and 92f are defined by only one barrier each, the shearing mode type ink jet printer head disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 252750/1988 is also beset with a problem which will now be described with particular reference to Figure 18. As shown in Figure 18, the slots 92a-92f are substantially closed at ends thereof by the nozzle plate 100 having the nozzle holes 93 formed therein. During the manufacturing of the ink jet head, the placement and subsequent bonding of the nozzle plate 100 to the ends of the barriers 95 often results in the breakage of the end portions of the barriers 95, especially in view of the fact that the barriers 95 are formed of a piezoelectric material which is relatively brittle, and the fact that the barriers 95 are normally formed with a width of less than 100 µm. Such breakage of the barriers 95 results in ink flowing between adjoining slots 92, such that deflection of a barrier for the purpose of jetting ink from one nozzle hole 93 may cause a rise in pressure in adjoining slots. In addition, such possible ink flow between the adjoining slots can result in the loss of pressure in a slot. In EP-A-0364136, there is disclosed a high density multi-channel array, electrically pulsed droplet deposition apparatus comprising a sheet of piezoelectric material poled in a direction normal to said sheet and formed with a plurality of parallel channels mutually spaced in an array direction normal to the length of said channels. Each channel is defined by a pair of facing side walls and a bottom surface extending between the respective side walls. A top sheet facing said bottom surfaces of said channels and bonded to said side walls closes the channels at their tops. Each of the channels is further formed with a forward part of uniform depth between the bottom surface and the top sheet and a part rearwardly of the forward part of lesser depth than the forward part. Each of at least some of the side walls of the forward parts include electrodes on opposite sides thereof to form shear mode actuators for effecting droplet expulsion from the channels associated with the actuators. Each electrode extends substantially along the length of the corresponding side wall and over an area from the edge of the side wall adjoining the top sheet which is so spaced from the bottom surface of the channel in which the electrode is disposed as to leave the portion of the wall adjacent the bottom surface of the channel substantially free from elastic distortion when an electric field is applied across the electrodes of the associated wall. In European Patent No. 0485241 (from which the present application has been divided), there is disclosed a shearing mode ink jet head comprising: a base having an upper surface; a plurality of elongate barriers projecting upwardly from the upper surface of the base; a plurality of elongate active slots formed along the upper surface of the base between adjacent ones of the elongate barriers; a common ink reservoir in communication with each of the active slots; means comprising electrodes mounted on opposing side walls of each of the elongate barriers which forms a side wall of one of the active slots, for selectively applying voltage to the barriers; and means comprising nozzle holes communicating respectively with the active slots, for controllably dispensing ink contained in the active slots; the arrangement being such that in use voltage can be selectively applied to particular ones of the barriers causing lateral displacement of those particular barriers so as to compress ink contained in the active slots formed between those particular barriers and cause it to be controllably dispensed through the nozzle of those active slots; characterised in that the ink jet head further includes a dummy slot situated on each side of the plurality of active slots so that they are outside the outermost active slots, which dummy slots are each devoid of a nozzle hole so that ink is prevented from being dispensed from the dummy slots, and in that an electrode to which voltage can be applied is in each of the dummy slots, each electrode being mounted on at least the side walls of the elongate barriers forming a side wall of the dummy slots those barriers being situated between the outermost active slots and their adjacent dummy slots. An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-noted problem of the conventional print head wherein the ends of the barriers are often damaged during the manufacturing process. According to the present invention, there is provided an ink jet head comprising: a base having an upper surface; a plurality of elongated barriers projecting upwardly from said upper surface of said base in such a manner as to form a plurality of slots along said upper surface of said base between adjacent ones of said elongated barriers; a common ink reservoir in communication with each of said slots; means comprising electrodes mounted on opposing side walls of each of said elongated barriers, for selectively applying voltage to particular ones of said barriers and causing lateral displacement of said particular ones of said barriers, in order to compress ink contained in the ones of said slots formed between said particular ones of said barriers; means comprising nozzle holes communicating respectively with said slots, for controllably dispensing ink contained in said slots when said voltage applying means operates to compress the ink contained in said ones of said slots formed between said particular ones of said barriers; and a lid mounted to said base above said barriers; characterized in that said nozzle holes are formed in said lid in alignment with respective ones of said slots. It should be noted that the various improvements of the present invention and of the invention disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent No. 0485241 for overcoming the shortcomings of the conventional ink jet heads, can be utilized together in a single apparatus. Additional objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when read with reference to the accompanying drawing figures, in which: Figure 1 is a sectional view of a shearing mode type ink jet head according to a first embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241; Figure 2 is a graph illustrating transient wave forms of voltage applied to the shearing mode type ink jet head of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a sectional view of a shearing mode type ink jet head according to a second embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241; Figure 4 is a sectional view of a shearing mode type ink jet head according to a third embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241; Figure 5 is a sectional view of a shearing mode type ink jet head according to a fourth embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241; Figure 6 is a sectional view of a shearing mode type ink jet head according to a fifth embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241; Figure 7 is a sectional view of conventional shearing mode type ink jet head; Figure 8 is a graph illustrating transient wave forms of voltage which can be applied to the conventional shearing mode type ink jet head of Figure 7; Figure 9(a) is a partial sectional view of the conventional shearing mode type ink jet head of Figure 7; Figure 9(b) is a view similar to Figure 9(a), but with the ink jet head in an activated state; Figure 10 is a perspective view of a portion of the conventional shearing mode type ink jet head of Figure 7; Figure 11 is a perspective view of an ink jet head according to a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 is a sectional view taken along the line 12-12 of Figure 11; Figure 13 is a perspective view of an ink jet head according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 is a perspective view of an ink jet head according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 is a sectional view taken along the line 15-15 of Figure 14; Figure 16 is a perspective view of an ink jet head according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 is a perspective view of an ink jet head according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 18 is a perspective view of the conventional print head shown in Figure 7. A cross section of a first embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241 is shown in Figure 1. The construction of this first embodiment is essentially the same as the construction of the prior art ink jet head shown in Figure 7, with the exception that the ink jet head of this first embodiment shown in Figure 1 includes dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb disposed outwardly of the barriers 5ab-5ef, and except that dummy slots 12a and 12b are formed outwardly of the dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb, respectively. More specifically, the ink jet head shown in Figure 1 includes a base 1 formed of an insulating material such as glass or ceramics, and preferably alumina, and a plurality of active barriers 5ab, 5bc, 5cd, 5de and 5ef bonded to the insulating base 1 by an adhesive layer 8. The barriers 5ab-ef are formed in parallel with one another and are spaced apart at equal intervals so as to form elongated narrow slots 2a-2f therebetween which define ink chambers and ink flow paths. The active slots 2a-2f are connected at first ends thereof to a common ink reservoir (not shown in Figure 1, but similar to the common ink reservoir 187 shown in prior art Figure 18), and are substantially closed at respective second ends thereof, except that nozzle holes 3a-3f are provided. In addition, a lid 6, formed of glass or ceramics, in mounted atop the base 1, and is bonded to the upper surfaces of the active barriers 5ab-5ef by a flexible elastic material 9. Active electrodes 4a2-4f1 are mounted on side walls of the active barriers 5ab-5ef, respectively, as in the prior art ink jet head shown in Figure 7. In addition, the dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb are included and project upwardly from an upper surface of the base 1. These dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb are disposed outwardly of the outwardmost active barriers 5ab and 5ef, respectively, and are spaced apart from the outwardmost active barriers 5ab and 5ef, respectively, by intervals equal to those at which the active barriers are spaced. Outwardly of these dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb are formed dummy slots 12a and 12b, respectively. Dummy electrodes 4a1, 14a2, 4f2 and 14b1 are mounted on the side walls of the dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb, respectively. The dummy electrodes 4a1, 14a2, 4f2 and 14b1 are not active in the sense that voltage can not be applied, thereto. As with the active slots 2a-2f, the ends of the dummy slots are connected to a common ink reservoir. However, ends of the dummy slots 12a, 12b opposite the ends connected to the ink reservoir do not have nozzle holes formed therein. Although no nozzle holes are formed in the ends of the dummy slots 12a, 12b other small holes can be formed and freely positioned, in order to allow venting of the dummy slots to facilitate filling thereof with ink from the ink reservoir, so long as the small holes are sufficiently small to prevent ink from being jetted therefrom. Furthermore, although the nozzle holes 3a-3f must be located in a limited manner as disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open No.252750/1988, no such restriction is placed on the location of the dummy slots 12a, 12b. The active barriers 5ab-5ef and the two dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb are preferably formed of PZT and are polarized in like directions as shown by arrow 7 (or in opposite directions thereto). In addition, the adhesive layer 8 between the alumina insulating base 1 and the PZT barriers is preferably formed of epoxy resin. Each of the slots 2a-2f is preferably approximately 100 µm wide and 150 µm deep, and the electrodes 4a2-4f1, as well as the dummy electrodes 14a2, 4a1, 4f2 and 14b1, are preferably formed of laminated film formed by metalizing chromium and gold and are preferably approximately 0.8 µm in thickness. The lid 6 is preferably formed of alumina plate, and is bonded to the barriers by the elastic material 9, which is preferably formed of silicone resin. The nozzle holes 3a-3f are preferably circular and have diameters of approximately 35 µm and are preferably formed by etching in the nozzle plate which is preferably formed of stainless steel. Figure 2 is a graph similar to Figure 8, except showing wave forms of the voltage to be applied to the dummy barrier 15aa, and the active barriers 5ab and 5bc of the first embodiment shown in Figure 1. The straight lines 29, 27 and 28 represent zero voltage levels for the dummy barrier 15aa, and the active barriers 5ab, 5bc. Note the marked difference between the wave forms for the active barrier 5ab as shown in Figure 2, and the wave forms for the barrier 95ab shown in Figure 8. That is, with the inclusion of the dummy barriers, dummy slots and dummy electrodes in the embodiment of Figure 1, it is unnecessary to apply a larger magnitude of voltage (as at 82) to the outermost active barrier 5ab (see wave form 22) as compared to the magnitude of voltage applied to the remaining barriers, to obtain the same amount of reduction in cross section in the outermost active slot 2a as is obtained for the remainder of the inner active slots. That is, when the voltage is applied to the dummy barrier 15aa in accordance with the wave form 20, the reduction in cross section of the slot 2a is equal to that for the slots 2b-2e upon applying equal voltage magnitudes to the remainder of the barriers. Because the dummy slot 12a is not utilized for the purpose of compressing ink and jetting it from a nozzle, it is unnecessary to cause deflection of the dummy barrier 15aa toward the slot 12a, and thus it is unnecessary to apply a voltage to the dummy barrier 15aa which is of an opposite polarity to that depicted by the wave forms 20. Although the operating principles of this embodiment shown in Figure 1 have been described with respect to only the left side of Figure 1 (i.e. with respect to dummy slot 12a and dummy barrier 15aa), it is apparent that the same principles are to be applied to the right side of Figure 1 (i.e. to dummy slot 12b and dummy barrier 15fb). Because the jetting pressure applied to the ink contained in the active slots 3a-3f can be made equal by applying equal voltages to the various barriers as described above, the quality of printing provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 1 is superior to that provided by the conventional ink jet head shown in Figures 7, 9 and 10. Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment according to the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241, which represents an alternative construction to that shown in Figure 1. In the embodiment of Figure 3, rather than providing a plurality of active barriers and dummy barriers which are bonded to the base with an adhesive layer, a base 31 is formed of a piezoelectric material and is integrally formed with the active barriers 5ab-5ef and the dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb. Furthermore, the second embodiment shown in Figure 3 differs from the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 in that the electrodes 4a-4f and 14a, 14b are each mounted as a continuous electrode along the two side walls and bottom surface of each of the slots 2a-2f and 12a, 12b, respectively. More specifically, instead of having individual electrodes mounted on each opposing side wall of each active slot 2a, 2f, as well as the one side wall of the dummy slots 12a, 12b formed by the dummy barriers, the embodiment of Figure 3 utilizes active electrodes 4a-4f which completely line the side walls and bottom surface of each of the slots 2a-2f, respectively, as well as electrodes 14a-14b which continuously line the side walls and bottom surface of each of the dummy slots 12a, 12b. This modification is possible because, in most cases, the two electrodes (e.g. 4a1 and 4a2) on opposing sides of a slot (e.g. 2a) in Figure 1 have the same electric potential. The fact that the barriers 5ab-5ef and 15aa, 15fb of the embodiment shown in Figure 3 are formed integrally with the piezoelectric base 31 provides an added stiffness to the barriers over and above that provided by the adhesive layer 8 in the embodiment of Figure 1. Such increased stiffness has become almost essential for a print head in order to obtain a high resolution of 300 dots per inch which has become the standard. That is, with the integrally formed barriers and base of the Figure 3 embodiment, the stress and inevitable deformation of the adhesive layer 8 is eliminated. In this second embodiment, the width of each of the barriers is preferably approximately 40 µm, and the pitch of the barriers (i.e. space between barriers) is preferably about 80 µm. Although in the Figure 3 embodiment it is unnecessary to provide the elastic bonding material 9 as provided in the Figure 1 embodiment because of the fact that the upper ends of the barriers can slide relative to the lid 6, such elastic material 9 can be provided in the second embodiment. If it is provided, however, it is preferably limited to 10 µm in thickness. It should be noted that, although the Figure 3 embodiment has been shown as utilizing both the integral barrier/base combination and the undivided electrodes, the integral barrier/bass combination can be utilized with electrodes such as those present in the embodiment of Figure 1. The utilization of this integral barrier/base combination allows for the elimination of the adhesive layer 8 utilized in the embodiment of Figure 1. This is advantageous for the following reasons. Bonding of the piezoelectric materials with the adhesive layer 8 must be performed below the Curie temperature (normally below 150°C) so as to maintain polarization of the barriers. Thus, it is necessary to use a high polymeric material such as an epoxy resin. However, the use of such epoxy resin results in a relatively thick adhesive layer. The use of such relatively thick layers of high polymeric adhesive is disadvantageous in that (1) such thick adhesive layers are more subject to deformation (see Figure 9(b)), thereby working to prevent the reduction in cross sectional area of the slots when it is desired to cause jetting of the ink through the nozzle holes; and (2) such high polymeric adhesive layers do not provide sufficiently high stiffness for actions of the ink jet head which are repeated at high speed. The desired stiffness of the barriers is affected by the hardness of the adhesive layer 8, but is not affected by the elastic material 9. Accordingly, the use of such relatively thick high polymeric adhesive layers may result in the lowering of the ink jet force and the frequency of the operation, which will likely adversely affect the stability and speed of printing of the printer. A further alternative to the embodiment of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 4 in connection with a third embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241. This third embodiment is identical to that of Figure 3, except that, rather than utilizing an integrated barrier/base combination 31 and a lid 6, this third embodiment utilizes a lower integrated barrier/base combination 31 and an upper integrated barrier/base combination 41. The upper base 41 is formed so as to include slots which align with those of the lower base 31. As shown in Fig. 4, the nozzle holes 3a-3f can be located in vertical positions of the ink slots 2a-2f corresponding to either the upper base 41 or the lower base 31. The barriers 25ab-25ef and 25aa, 25fb formed integrally with the base 41 are polarized in a direction opposite to the direction in which the barriers 5ab-5ef and 15aa, 15fb of the lower base 31 are polarized, as shown by arrows 7 and 27 in Figure 4. The bases 31 and 41 are bonded together such that the barriers and slots of the upper and lower bases align with each other. By using two such piezoelectric material bases 31, 41, the driving force for jetting the ink from the nozzle holes 3a-3f can be increased relative to that which can be provided by the embodiment of Figure 3. Another alternative to tee first embodiment shown in Figure 1 is a fourth embodiment according to the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241, which is shown in Figure 5. This fourth embodiment is substantially identical to the embodiment shown in Figure 3, except that in this fourth embodiment, an additional pair of dummy slots 12c, 12d is provided outwardly of the dummy slots 12a, 12b. When only the one pair of dummy slots 12a, 12b are utilized as in the second embodiment (Figure 3), because the outermost wall of each of the dummy slots 12a, 12b is formed by the base 1 which is stiffer than the barriers, when ink is filled into the dummy slots 12a, 12b, the dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb are faced with a more rigid force when flexing outwardly than when flexing inwardly, such that some non-uniformity of ink jetting may occur. Utilization of the additional dummy slots 12c, 12d in the fourth embodiment will obviate this problem. Because the additional dummy slots 12c, 12d are used only as mechanical buffers, it is unnecessary to mount electrodes on the walls of the dummy slots 12c, 12d, and it is also unnecessary to polarize the additional dummy barriers 15ca and 15bd formed outwardly of the first dummy barriers 15aa and 15fb. However, if, for manufacturing purposes it is more efficient to provide electrodes on the walls of the additional dummy slots 12c, 12d and/or to polarized the dummy barriers 15ca, 15bd, such will not reduce the performance of the ink jet head of this fourth embodiment. As described in connection with the dummy slots 12a, 12b of the first embodiment, small holes which are not utilized as nozzles holes may be formed in the nozzle plate at the end of the additional dummy slots 12c, 12d. In addition, it should be apparent that three or more pairs of dummy slots can be formed outwardly of the active slots. A still further alternative to the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 is a fifth embodiment of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241 which is shown in Figure 6. This fifth embodiment is substantially identical to the second embodiment shown in Figure 3, except that in this fifth embodiment, the dummy slots 42a, 42b formed outwardly of dummy barriers 45aa and 45fb are formed with larger cross-sectional areas than are the active slots 2a-2f. This formation of the dummy slots 42a, 42b with larger cross-sectional areas provides the same advantage as does the provision of two pairs of dummy slots as described above in connection with the fourth embodiment shown in Figure 5. As shown in Figure 6, dummy electrodes 44a, 44b are provided continuously along the walls and bottom surface of the dummy slots 42a, 42b. A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figures 11 and 12. This embodiment is concerned with preventing the breakage of the ends of barriers 205 during the manufacturing process as was described above in connection with the ink jet head disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 252750/1988 and shown in Figures 7-10 and 18. In this first embodiment of the present invention, the ink jet head includes an insulating base 201, a plurality of barriers 205 formed of piezoelectric material and bonded to the insulating base 201 in parallel with one another and at equal intervals, in such a manner as to form narrow elongated slots 202 which define ink chambers and flow paths. Each of these slots 202 is connected at one end to a common ink reservoir 207 and is closed at the other end by a side plate 209. An upper plate or lid 208 is provided to cover the slots 202 and ink reservoir 207, and is formed with a plurality of nozzle holes 203 which are aligned with the plurality of slots 202, respectively. Each of the barriers 205 in polarized in a like direction as shown by arrows 222 in Figure 12, and, although omitted from the drawing figures for purposes of clarity, electrodes are formed on the walls of the barriers in one of the two ways described above in connection with the first five embodiments of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241. Each of the barriers 205 is preferably formed of PZT and has a width of approximately 100 µm and a height of approximately 150 µm. The base 201 is preferably of alumina and the barriers 205 are bonded thereto by an adhesive layer of epoxy resin, in such a manner as to have a pitch of 200 µm. The electrodes are preferably formed of 0.8 µm thick laminating film formed by metalizing chromium and gold. The upper plate 208 is preferably formed of plastic, with the nozzle holes 203 therein having a diameter of approximately 35 µm. The plastic upper plate 208 is preferably bonded to the barriers 205 with an elastic material 221 of silicone resin. By forming the nozzle holes 203 in the upper plate 208 rather than in the side plate 209, significantly less precision is required to mount the side plate 209. If an end of one of the barriers 205 is broken during mounting of the side plate 209, the broken part may be filled with an adhesive. This can not be readily accomplished with the conventional construction wherein the nozzle holes are formed in the side plate 209, because repair of the broken barrier ends is very difficult without adversely affecting the precision nozzle holes formed in the nozzle plate. In addition, with the conventional nozzle plate mounted at the ends of the slots, neighboring nozzle holes may be fluidically connected if one of the barriers is broken near the end thereof, such that the ink pressure just inside the nozzle hole is reduced and the ink jetting becomes less reliable due to a reduced ink jetting volume and speed. Although the plastic upper plate 208 shown in Figure 11 is illustrated as being a single plate, this upper plate 208 can alternatively be formed as two separate parts, one part including the nozzle holes 203 therein and the other part acting to cover the ink reservoir 207. A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 13 and represents an alternative to the first embodiment shown in Figures 11 and 12. This second embodiment shown in Figure 13 is similar to the embodiment shown in Figures 11 and 12, except that in this second embodiment, the plurality of barriers 235 are formed integrally with the insulating base 231, such that no adhesive layer is necessary to bond the barriers 235 to the base 231. The slots 202 formed between the barriers 235, respectively, may be formed by a cutting process beginning at one end of a plate of piezoelectric material and stopping just before the opposite end thereof in order that such opposite end of the piezoelectric plate can operate to close the first ends of the slots 202. In performing the cutting operation, shallow slots 232 may be formed in the end of the piezoelectric plate at which the cutting operation is begun. The shallow slots 232 can be used for connecting electrodes in the slots 202 with outer electrodes, by mounting electrodes in the shallow slots and connecting them to the electrodes in the slots 202. An end plate 230 is mounted at the end of the shallow slots so as to define an ink reservoir 207 and prevent outflow of the ink. As shown in Figure 13, the positions of the nozzle holes 203 in the upper plate 208 can be selected according to the needs of the particular situation. With respect to polarization of the barriers 235, as these barriers 235 are to be polarized in a single direction, the entire base 231 may be polarized as a whole. A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figures 14 and 15, and represent another alternative to the first embodiment of the present invention. The construction of this embodiment of the invention is similar to that shown in Figure 13, except that in this third embodiment, the base 241 is formed of two piezoelectric material base portions 240 and 242. These bases 240 and 242 are polarized in opposite direction as indicted by arrows 243 and 244 in Figure 15, and are joined by an adhesive. With this construction, the barriers 245 can be deflected into a bow shape in the same manner as can the barriers shown in Figure 4. A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 16 and represents a further alternative to the first embodiment shown in Figure 11. In this fourth embodiment, two piezoelectric bases 261, 262 are provided in a manner similar to the embodiment of Figures 14 and 15, wherein the polarization of each of the bases is in opposite directions in the same manner as shown in Figure 15. Both of the bases 261 and 262 are preferably formed by a cutting process in the same manner as the base 231 shown in Figure 13, except that in the upper base 262 of this fourth embodiment, it is necessary to form guiding holes 267 in alignment with the slots and with the nozzle holes 203 formed in a nozzle plate 268 mounted on the base 262. A fifth embodiment of embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 17 and represents a further alternative to the first embodiment shown in Figure 11. This fifth embodiment includes a base 271 which has two ends, each being formed in the same manner as the base 231 shown in Figure 13. Two rows of nozzle holes 203 are formed in the nozzle plate 208, such that a double-printing density may be obtained. It is noted that the nozzle holes 203, and thus the slots 202, should be staggered by a half pitch, in order to utilize the nozzle holes 203 effectively. In these various alternative embodiments, the driving principle, for causing deflection of the various barriers to reduce the cross-sectional area of the slots and cause ink to be jetted through nozzle holes, is substantially the same for each of the various alternatives. As depicted in Figures 11, 13, 14, 16 and 17, an ink supply pipe 206 may be mounted through the base in order to supply ink to the ink reservoir 207. It is important to note that, although the various features of the embodiments have, in general, been described as being distinct to each of the individual embodiments, it will be apparent that the first through the fifth alternative embodiments of the invention disclosed in Patent No. 0485241 can be utilized in connection with the first through the fifth embodiments of the present invention, in order to obtain the advantages of each, as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. While the inventions have been described with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made thereto which fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: An ink jet head comprising: a base (201) having an upper surface; a plurality of elongated barriers (205) projecting upwardly from said upper surface of said base (201) in such a manner as to form a plurality of slots (202) along said upper surface of said base (201) between adjacent ones of said elongated barriers (205); a common ink reservoir (207) in communication with each of said slots (202); means comprising electrodes mounted on opposing side walls of each of said elongated barriers (205), for selectively applying voltage to particular ones of said barriers (205) and causing lateral displacement of said particular ones of said barriers (205), in order to compress ink contained in the ones of said slots (202) formed between said particular ones of said barriers (205); means comprising nozzle holes (203) communicating respectively with said slots (202), for controllably dispensing ink contained in said slots (202) when said voltage applying means operates to compress the ink contained in said ones of said slots (202) formed between said particular ones of said barriers (205); and a lid (208) mounted to said base above said barriers (205); characterized in that said nozzle holes (203) are formed in said lid (208) in alignment with respective ones of said slots (202). An ink jet head as claimed in claim 1, wherein said barriers (205) are formed of a piezoelectric material. An ink jet head as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said barriers (205) is formed integrally with said base (201). An ink jet head as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said barriers (205) is formed separate from said base (201) and is adhered to said base (201). An ink jet head as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said plurality of slots (202) defines a first set of slots (202); a second set of slots (202), substantially identical to said first set of slots (202), is formed along said base (201), said second set of slots (202) and said first set of slots (202) having respective first ends adjacent one another and having respective second ends distal from one another; and one of said nozzle holes (203) is respectively aligned with each of said slots (202) of both said first and second sets of slots (202).

Inventors: HIRAISHI HISATO, HOSHINO MIKINOBU, KIGAWA KEISUKE, MAENO FUMIO, YANAGAWA YOSHIHIKO, HIRAISHI, HISATO, HOSHINO, MIKINOBU, KIGAWA, KEISUKE, MAENO, FUMIO, YANAGAWA, YOSHIHIKO
Applicants: CITIZEN WATCH CO LTD, CITIZEN WATCH CO., LTD.
Application year: 1991
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2