Position detector

Abstract: A position detector includes a light emitting component (9a) for irradiating the surface (4a) of an object (4) whose position is to be measured. Two light receiving components (9b,9c;9b',9c') receive light reflected by the surface. A calculating circuit (6) calculates a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the light receiving components and the surface, with the correction quantity being based on the output signals of the light receiving components. A moving means (12) corrects the distances between the measured surface and the light receiving components in accordance with the correction quantity.

Description: The present invention relates to a device for maintaining a fixed distance between two objects, for example, a distance between a magnetic head and a disk. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for maintaining a fixed inclination between the two objects as well as the distance therebetween. One device for maintaining a fixed distance between a measuring device and an object to be measured, is as shown in Fig. 1. In the figure, reference character "a" designates a laser light source, such as an He-Ne laser; "b", a paired light receiving means; and "c", the surface of an object under measurement. Light emitted from the light source "a" is incident on the surface "c" to be measured and reflected by the surface. The reflected light hits paired elements b1 and b2 of the light receiving means "b". When the surface "c" is positioned as indicated by a solid line in the figure, an output signal of the element b1 is large. When it is positioned as indicated by a two-dotted chain line in the figure, an output signal of the element b2 is large. A vertical distance between the light receiving means "b" and the surface "c" can be known from the output signals of the paired elements b1 and b2. In the prior art, the light source "a" must be slanted with respect to the surface "c" of the object under measurement, in order that the reflected light is directed to the light receiving means "b". To increase a measurement accuracy, an angle  of the light emitted from the light source should be preferably increased. To this end, a distance between the light source "a" and the light receiving means "b" must be increased. The light receiving means "b" consists of two elements b1 and b2, and hence tends to be bulky. Due to the above two factors, the position detector necessarily becomes bulky. The inclination of the surface "c" frequently causes a great measurement error. A known device to correct the inclination of the surface to be measured is as shown in Fig. 2. Light receiving elements b3 and b4 have the same size, and are disposed equidistant from a light source "a". To correct the inclination of the surface "c', the surface is moved so as to zero a difference between the output signals of the elements b3 and b4. However, this device is unable to measure the distance between the light receiving elements and the surface to be measured. Thus, neither of the conventional devices is able simultaneously to correct the distance between the light receiving elements and the surface to be measured, and the inclination of the surface. US-A-4358960 discloses an optical proximity sensor. US-A-4488813 discloses an optical sensor with reflectivity compensation. According to the present invention, there is provided a position detector comprising: at least one light emitting means for irradiating a surface of an object to be measured; two light receiving means, each of the light receiving means including first and second detectors positioned on opposite sides of and symmetrically with respect to the light emitting means, a distance from the centroids of the light receiving areas of the detectors of one of the light receiving means to the light emitting means being different from the corresponding distance from the centroids of the light receiving areas of the detectors of the other of the light receiving means to the light emitting means; first calculating means for calculating a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the light receiving means and the surface, the correction quantity being calculated based on the output signals of the light receiving means; and, second calculating means for calculating an angle of inclination of the surface based on the output signals of the light receiving means. Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent when carefully reading the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of a conventional position detector which is able to correct a distance from a light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured; Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of another conventional position detector which is able to correct an inclination of a measured surface; Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention, which is able to correct both the vertical distance from the light receiving means to the measured surface and the angle of inclination of the measured surface; and, Fig. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between an output power signal P of each light receiving means with respect to a distance H from the light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured. In Fig. 3, a pair of opposing first and second trapezoidal light receiving means 9b,9c;9b',9c' are arranged as shown, with each being formed of a trapezoid with a top side closer to the light emitting means 9a. Each trapezoid consists of two triangular light receiving means 9b,9c;9b',9c'. The bottom side of each first triangular light receiving means 9b,9b' and the vertex of each second triangular light receiving means 9c,9c' are disposed closer to the light emitting means 9a. The centroid of the light receiving area of the first triangular light receiving means 9b,9b' is closer to the light emitting means 9a than that of the respective second triangular light receiving means 9c,9c'. Accordingly, the output power of each light receiving means 9b,9b' varies as indicated by a curve (1) in Fig. 4. As shown, it steeply rises to reach a peak, and gradually falls off. The output power of the light receiving means 9c, 9c', as indicated by a curve (2), gently rises to reach a peak, and steeply falls off. A difference of the curves (1) and (2) provides an S-shaped curve (3). A calculating means 7 is provided. The sum of the output signals of the first triangular light receiving means 9b,9b' is calculated by an adder 71. The sum of the output signals of the second triangular light receiving means 9c,9c' is calculated by an adder 72. The output signals of the adders 71 and 72 are compared by a comparator 73, thereby to calculate a quantity usable for correcting the vertical distance H from the light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured. The correction quantity is then applied to a moving means. The position detector of the present invention may be incorporated into an optomagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus. In such apparatus, the position detector is used for maintaining a fixed distance between a magnetic head and a disk and the moving means is used to move the magnetic head relatively to the disk. The sum of the output signals of the light receiving means 9b and 9c is calculated by the adder 74. The sum of the output signals of the light receiving means 9b' and 9c' is calculated by the adder 75. The output signals of the adders 74 and 75 are compared by a comparator 76, and the result of the comparison is applied to inclination correcting means 17. The inclination correcting means is able to correct an inclination of the measured surface in a known manner. A signal ΔP indicates part of the output signal of the comparator 73 which is applied to the comparator 76 for the inclination detection. An inclination error due to height is corrected by using this quantity ΔP. In a first approach, the distance correction can be made through the comparison of the output signals from the light receiving means which are located at different distances from the light emitting means 9a, i.e., the result of comparing the output signals of the light receiving means 9b and 9c or 9b' and 9c'. In a second approach, the inclination correction can be made through the comparison of the output signals from the light receiving means which are symmetrically disposed with respect to the light emitting means 9a, i.e., the result of comparing the output signals of the light receiving means 9b and 9b' or 9c and 9c'. When applied within an optomagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus, the two light receiving means are preferably disposed in the direction orthogonal to the radius of the optical disk. Otherwise, as the magnetic head moves along the radius of the disk, the light emitting means or the light receiving means of the photo detectors move beyond the circumferential boundary of the disk. In this case, the light goes outside the disk or the light receiving means cannot receive the light. As seen from the foregoing description, in the present invention, the light emitting means and the light receiving means are closely disposed. Therefore, the resultant position detector is simple in construction and small in size. With such an arrangement wherein a couple of light receiving elements and another couple of light receiving elements are symmetrically disposed with respect to the light emitting means, and are located at different distances from the light emitting means, the distance between the light emitting means and the measured surface can be controlled to be constant, and the inclination angle of the measured surface can be corrected. Reference is made to application no. 90312161.4 (EP-A-0447713), from which the present application is divided.

Claims: A position detector comprising: at least one light emitting means (9a) for irradiating a surface (4a) of an object (4) to be measured; two light receiving means (9b,9b';9c,9c'), each of the light receiving means including first (9b,9c) and second (9b',9c') detectors positioned on opposite sides of and symmetrically with respect to the light emitting means (9a), a distance from the centroids of the light receiving areas of the detectors of one of the light receiving means to the light emitting means (9a) being different from the corresponding distance from the centroids of the light receiving areas of the detectors of the other of the light receiving means to the light emitting means; first calculating means (71,72,73) for calculating a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the light receiving means (9a) and the surface (4a), the correction quantity being calculated based on the output signals of the light receiving means; and, second calculating means (74,75,76) for calculating an angle of inclination of the surface based on the output signals of the light receiving means. A detector according to claim 1, in which part of the output signal of the first calculating means is applied to the second calculating means, wherein an error of an inclination of the surface is corrected on the basis of a distance quantity.

Inventors: SATO KATSUHARU, TANIGUCHI SHOJI, YANAGAWA NAOHARU, SATO, KATSUHARU, TANIGUCHI, SHOJI, YANAGAWA, NAOHARU, SATO, KATSUHARU, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP., TANIGUCHI, SHOJI, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP., YANAGAWA, NAOHARU, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP.
Applicants: PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G01B11
IPC codes: G11B7, G01B11, G11B11