Hair setting composition

Abstract: A hair setting composition contains a derivative of a polymer complex of polyaminoglucose and glycan. The derivative is obtainable through reaction with an electrophile to introduce aliphatic or aromatic substitution on oxygen or nitrogen so that the derivative is soluble in a solvent mixture. This solvent mixture contains an alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic solvent and a non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hair setting composition, particularly to a hair setting composition containing a derivative of polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex (PAGGPC) in solution in a mixture of alcoholic or aqueous/alcoholic solvent and non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hair setting products are used to retain the hair in a particular style. These products may be in the form of gels, lotions, mousses or sprays and will normally contain film-forming materials as the setting agent. Such known materials include for example certain derivatives of chitosan, as described in US 4 780 310. Particulary effective setting agents are the water-soluble salts of PAGGPC referred to in our earlier patent application case J3115, filed in EPO as 90306499.6. PAGGPC may be obtained by treating the mycelia of certain fungal species, such as Aspergillus niger , with strong alkali, as described in for example GB-A-2026516 (Muzzarelli) or US-A-4806474 (Miles). Aspergillus niger is a common waste product in industrial fermentation processes, for example in the production of citric acid. Polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex has not been fully characterised, but NMR studies have shown that it is distinct in character from chitosan, and physical comparisons show that films formed by such a complex and by chitosan are different from each other. Polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex is commercially available, for example as RIOSAN (Trademark) from Meyhall. In hairspray and mousse preparations a very important criterion for the consumer is that the hairspray is not too wet. The main solvent in hairsprays is generally alcohol, or an aqueous/alcoholic mixture, which does not evaporate quickly enough to avoid imparting a wet feel to the hair. This may be avoided by the use of a more volatile, apolar cosolvent which results in a spray droplet from which most of the solvent evaporates before striking the hair fibre. The water-soluble salts of PAGGPC referred to above are insoluble in non hydrogen-bonded solvents, and hair setting compositions containing these salts as setting agents are therefore limited in the amount of volatile cosolvent which may be used. Hairsprays of this type are therefore felt to be wet in use. We have found that certain derivatives of PAGGPC may be incorporated into hairsprays. These derivatives must be soluble in the non hydrogen-bonded cosolvents, so that there is no need to restrict the amount of cosolvent used, and the resulting hair setting compositions are found not to give a wet feeling in use. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly the invention provides a hair setting composition comprising a derivative of polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex which comprises the reaction product of the polymer with an electrophile, an organic or aqueous/organic solvent, and a non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent, said derivative being soluble in a mixture of the solvent and the cosolvent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION PAGGPC may be obtained by treating the mycelia of for example, Aspergillus niger with concentrated alkali to remove impurities and to partially deacetylate the polymer complex. PAGGPC is available for example as RIOSAN which is partially deacetylated. Derivatives of PAGGPC The derivatives of PAGGPC which are used as the film-forming material in the hair setting compositions of the invention comprise the reaction products of PAGGPC with an electrophile. The electrophile is suitably chosen from epoxide eg. C₂₋₃₂ epoxide, C₅₋₇₄ bisepoxide, C₁₋₃₀ alkyl halide, polyethylene glycol halide, C₁₋₃₀ acyl halide, acid anhydride, C₁₋₃₀ alkyl ester, aryl ester or C₁₋₃₀ aliphatic aldehyde. Preferred examples of epoxides which may be used as the electrophile include - where R is H,C₁₋₂₀ saturated or unsaturated alkyl, C₂₋₃₀ ethoxylated alkyl, saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl e.g. C₃₋₁₀ cycloalkyl, or where R¹,R² may be the same or different and are H, or C₁₋₂₀ alkyl, Z is aryl, C₁₋₃₀ saturated or unsaturated alkyl or C₂₋₃₀ ethoxylated alkyl, or derivatives thereof. Examples of suitable halides include 1-bromoethane, 1-bromohexane, 1-chlorododecane, chloropolyethylene glycol, ethanoyl chloride, propionyl chloride, benzoyl chloride and stearoyl chloride. Suitable acid anhydrides include acetic, succinic, maleic, phthalic and citric anhydride, and suitable esters are ethyl ethanoate, ethyl benzoate and benzoyl benzoate. The hair setting composition of the invention preferably comprises from 0.01 to 20% by weight of the derivative of PAGGPC and most preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight. PAGGPC will normally contain free hydroxyl groups and some acetylated amine groups. Under suitable conditions the electrophile, from those outlined above, will add to the hydroxyl group or groups. However, reaction is often easier, and preferable, if the PAGGPC is deacetylated by treating with strong alkali. The electrophile, under suitable conditions, will then react with both the free amine and the hydroxyl groups, although the electrophile will preferentially attack the amine group(s). Thus, in accordance with the invention the polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex is preferably bonded through nitrogen or oxygen to residues of an electrophile which are aliphatic or aromatic groups containing one to thirty two carbon atoms. It should be noted that for certain electrophiles eg. 1-bromododecane, only a low level of substitution is required to give a derivative of PAGGPC which is soluble in non hydrogen-bonded cosolvents. Higher levels of substitution give rise to derivatives which are not soluble in non hydrogen-bonded cosolvents. Such derivatives would not be suitable for use in the composition of the invention since they would be insoluble in the mixture of organic or aqueous/organic solvent and non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent. The person skilled in the art will readily ascertain the required degree of substitution necessary for any given electrophile. The use of derivatives having higher levels of substitution is the subject of our copending application J.3119 having the same date as this application. Solvent The hairspray composition of the invention also comprises an organic solvent or an aqueous organic solvent. Suitable solvents for use in the compositions of the invention include ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride, methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and mixtures thereof with water. The composition may comprise more than one such solvent. The composition will usually comprise from 5 to 90% by weight of solvent and when the composition is in the form of a hairspray in aerosol form, the solvent will preferably form from 20 to 80% by weight of the composition. Non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent The composition of the invention also comprises a non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent. The cosolvent is of a type which quickly evaporates in use, leaving a spray droplet which feels dry. Chlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons and dimethyl ether and mixtures thereof are particularly suitable cosolvents. Especially suitable are trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane, chlorodifluoromethane, 1-chloro,1,1-difluoromethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, butane or propane. Further examples of non hydrogen-bonded solvents may be found in Table II at pages C-696 to C-698 of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 1983-84, 64th Edition, Ed. Robert C Weast, CRC Press, parts A (nonpolar solvents) and B (moderately polar solvents). The cosolvent is generally present in the composition in an amount of from 5 to 90% by weight, preferably 20 to 80% by weight. The extent of the dry feeling experienced by the user will depend on the balance between the solvent and the cosolvent used in the composition. Other factors, such as cost, flammability and desired discharge rate must also be taken in to account. Those skilled in the art will easily ascertain the appropriate balance of solvent and cosolvent for the derivative of PAGGPC. For example, when the solvent is ethanol and the cosolvent is a fluorocarbon, a mixture of ethanol and fluorocarbon in a ratio of 30:70 by weight will give an acceptable, safe spray. When the cosolvent is hydrocarbon, the flammability of the spray obtained when the product is in the form of a hairspray must also be taken into account. In general, the level of hydrocarbon in an ethanol/hydrocarbon system should be below 50% by weight of the ethanol/hydrocarbon mixture. The level of flammability may be reduced by using a water/ethanol mixture as solvent. When dimethylether (DME) is used as cosolvent, it may suitably be used in amounts of up to 90% by weight of the solvent/DME mixture. The ratio of solvent to cosolvent generally lies between 1:9 and 9:1 by weight. Other ingredients The composition of the invention may also include other ingredients such as perfume; alcohol denaturants, for example benzyl diethyl,2,6 -xylyl carbamoyl methyl ammonium benzoate and sucrose octacetate; conditioning agents such as lanolin derivative; alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; volatile silicones; plasticisers, such as silicone oils or silicone glycol; drag reducing agents such as hydroxypropylcelluloses eg. the range available from Hercules Inc under their trade mark. Klucel or high molecular weight polymers such as PVP-K90 (polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a K value of 90); high molecular weight polymers, such as cationic cellulose resins; other film forming polymers such as polymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and/or vinyl acetate; pH modifiers such as sodium hydroxide, 2 amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, triethanolamine, citric acid, or hydrochloric acid; ingredients to improve combing out such as polydimethyl siloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers; corrosion inhibitors, such as triethanolamine salt of alkyenyl amberacide anhydride or disodium dodecyl sulphosucconate; surfactants such as lauryl dimethyl amine oxide. Product form The composition of the invention may be packed in aerosol cans or aerosol PVA packs, or may be in the form of mechanical pumps such as squeeze sprays or pump sprays. In aerosol hairspray or mousse form, where the cosolvent does not act as a propellant in use, a propellant gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide may be added. The gas may be situated in the same compartment as the product to be dispensed or in a separate compartment. The invention is further illustrated by the following Examples. EXAMPLES Preparation of PAGGPC derivatives Preparation Example A PAGGPC was N-propoxylated by heating deacetylated PAGGPC in a sealed tube (or an autoclave) with propylene oxide in an aqueous ethanol solvent for 12 hours at 100°C, to give N-hydroxypropyl PAGGPC (A). Preparation Example B The N-hydroxypropyl PAGGPC derivative obtained in Preparation Example A above was further functionalised by heating at between 60 and 80°C in an autoclave with 1-bromopropane in acetone in the presence of NaOH for 18 hours. O-propyl,N-hydroxypropyl PAGGPC (B) was obtained. Preparation Example C Crude, acetylated PAGGPC was heated in dimethyl formamide (DMF) at 100°C for 15 hours in the presence of 1-bromooctane to give O-octyl PAGGPC (C). Preparation Example D Deacetylated PAGGPC was heated in DMF with 1-bromohexane at 80°C for 15 hours to give N-hexyl PAGGPC (D). Preparation Example E Deacetylated PAGGPC was reacted with succinic anhydride in DMF which contained a small amount of triethylamine, for 18 hours at 85°C, to give N-succinyl PAGGPC (E). Preparation Example F PAGGPC was reacted with stearoyl chloride in DMF in the presence of pyridine to give O-stearoyl PAGGPC (F). In the following examples of hair setting compositions which illustrate the invention,all quantities are % by weight. Example 20 The following is an example of a mousse according to the invention:

Claims: A hair setting composition comprising a derivative of polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex which comprises the reaction product of the polymer with an electrophile, an organic or aqueous organic solvent, and a non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent, where said derivative is dissolved in a mixture of the solvent and the cosolvent. A hair setting composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex is bonded through nitrogen or oxygen to residues of the electrophile which are aliphatic or aromatic groups containing one to thirty two carbon atoms. A hair setting composition as claimed in Claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the electrophile is chosen from epoxide, C₅₋₇₄ bisepoxide, C₁₋₃₀ alkyl halide, polyethylene glycol halide, C₁₋₃₀ acyl halide, acid anhydride, C₁₋₃₀ alkyl esters, aryl esters or C₁₋₃₀ aliphatic aldehyde. A hair setting composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the epoxide is chosen from where R is H, C₁₋₂₀ saturated or unsaturated alkyl, C₂₋₃₀ ethoxylated alkyl, saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl, or where R, R¹ may be the same or different and are H, or C₁₋₂₀ alkyl, and Z is aryl, C₁₋₃₀ saturated or unsaturated alkyl or C₂₋₃₀ ethoxylated alkyl, or derivatives thereof. A hair setting composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the acid anhydride is chosen from acetic, succincic, maleic, phthalic or citric anhydride. A hair setting composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the derivative of polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 20% by weight. A hair setting composition as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the derivative of polyaminoglucose glycan polymer complex is present is an amount of from 0.1 to 5% by weight. A hair setting composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the solvent is chosen from ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride, methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol, mixtures thereof, and mixtures thereof with water. A hair setting composition as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the non hydrogen-bonded cosolvent is chosen from chlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons and dimethylether.

Inventors: GALLAGHER PETER, KHOSHDEL EZAT, MCGEE THOMAS, GALLAGHER, PETER, KHOSHDEL, EZAT, MCGEE, THOMAS
Applicants: UNILEVER NV, UNILEVER PLC, UNILEVER N.V.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61K8, A61Q5