Antistatic mat

Abstract: This invention relates to an antistatic mat (11), for example, a chair mat used for computer operation, a floor mat to be used at a room door, in an elevator or in front of an elevator door, and a car floor mat, and more particularly relates to an antistatic mat (11) which is capable of instantly discharging any static electricity charged on a human body, removing a disagreeable sensation which is occasionally generated by discharging such a static electricity.

Description: This invention relates to an antistatic mat, for example, a chair mat used for computer operation, a floor mat to be used at a room door, in an elevator or in front of an elevator door, and a car floor mat, and more particularly relates to an antistatic mat which is capable of instantly discharging the static electricity charged on a human body, removing a disagreeable sensation which is occasionally generated by discharging the static electricity. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There has been proposed an antistatic mat in Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 2-14936/90 of the present inventor. As is shown in Fig. 15, said antistatic mat 1 comprises a backing layer 3 which is formed on the back of a base material 2 through which pile 4 is driven, wherein a sheet of discharging paper 5, from which conductive fibers made of conductive material such as carbon are protruding, is adhered to at least one side of said base material. As the physical strength of said discharging paper 5 of said antistatic mat 1 is extremely low, the discharging paper 5 is reinforced with an adhesive layer 9. In the antistatic mat disclosed in said unexamined patent publication wherein a discharging paper is adhered onto the top surface of the base material, said pile is driven through said base material from the side of said discharging paper, tending to destroy the discharging performance of said discharging paper. In an antistatic mat wherein a discharging paper is adhered onto the bottom surface of the base material, an adhesive layer is fully adhered over the base material in order to reinforce the discharging paper, resulting in an impairment of the discharging performance of the antistatic mat. In addition, this antistatic mat does not possess enough retaining capacity of static electricity, which is necessary to discharge the static electricity from a human body by earthing the static electricity on a human body. Therefore, it has not been possible with the above described antistatic mat to completely remove the electrical shock from a human body which is caused by static electricity generated, for example, in a car. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an antistatic mat which completely and instantly removes the static electricity charged on a human body, resulting in the removal of a disagreeable sensation which is caused by the discharge of static electricity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve said object, the invention comprises a backing layer formed on the bottom side of the base material, a sheet of discharging paper containing conductive fibers made of conductive material which are partly protruding from said discharging paper which is partly adhered onto the bottom side of said base material to produce spaces between said base material and said discharging paper and pile which includes conductive fibers driven through said discharging paper and said base material. The invention claimed in Claim 2 is characterised by comprising a conductive layer including conductive material or materials is formed all over or partly on the base fabric. The invention claimed in Claim 3 is characterised by comprising a conductive fabric including conductive fibers, being distributed on or in the backing layer on the back of the discharging paper so as to contact said conductive fibers of said pile. The invention claimed in Claim 4 is characterised by comprising a backing layer including conductive fibers of conductive material such as carbon. The present invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an antistatic mat of the present inventiuon. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged cross sectional view of the antistatic mat of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary enlarged cross sectional view of an antistatic mat with a conductive layer. Figs. 4 and 5 are perspective views showing embodiments of the conductive layers in the antistatic mat of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged cross sectional view of an antistatic mat with a conductive fabric. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary enlarged cross sectional view of an antistatic mat with a backing layer containing conductive fibers. Figs. 9 - 13 are fragmentary enlarged cross sectional views showing the processes for making an antistatic mat of the present invention. Fig. 14 is a fragmentary side sectional view figuring an apparatus to measure the static electricity charged on a human body. Fig. 15 is a fragmentary enlarged cross sectional view of another antistatic mat. The base material 12 of an antistatic mat of the present invention as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is made by cutting to a predetermined size and shape a sheet of porous material such as mesh material or polyamide material. As shown in Fig. 2. pile 14 is driven through the base material 12 and the discharging paper 15 in a shape of a U. The pile 14 comprises synthetic fibers of electrically nonconductive material, such as polyamide fibers, covering all over the top surface of an antistatic mat II so as to easily get electrically charged. The pile 14 includes conductive fibers 18 so as to discharge the static electricity charged on a human body by the contact of the human body with the surface of the mat. There are two types of piles 14, one comprising only synthetic fibers and the other comprising synthetic fibers including conductive fibers 18. Said base material 12 has these two types of piles 14 driven therethrough. It is preferred to prepare conductive fibers 18 including piles 14 by bundling conductive fibers 18 made of conductive material, such as carbon, ceramics and metal, together with synthetic fibers and then twisting them to a predetermined thickness. It appears that the static electricity charged in the pile(s) 14 is conducted to the discharging paper 15 through the conductive fibers 18. It is not always necessary to use both types of piles together. It is possible to use only pile 14 including conductive fibers 18. A sheet of discharging paper 15 is partly adhered to the bottom surface of the base material 12 of an antistatic mat. The discharging paper 15 has part of the conductive fibers, which are included in the discharging paper, protrude from the surface of the discharging paper. The discharging paper, as proposed in Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 62-156395, is preferred to comprise based on the total weight of the discharging paper 3 - 15 w % of conductive fibers made of such conductive material as carbon, metal and conductive ceramics, 20 - 70 w % of synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers and the remainder being wood pulp and adhesive. The thickness for both a conductive fiber and a synthetic fiber is preferred to be 1 - 5 deniers and the length for the same is preferred to be 3 - 6 mm. The discharging paper 15 is made by mixing such aforementioned materials which are prepared within said ratios and smashing the mixture into a finer and evenly distributed mixture in a smasher and then is formed by wet paper making. The discharging paper made in such a way has more than 50 conductive fibers protruding vertically or slantly at random per square centimeter (not shown) of the paper surface. The static electricity conducted through the conductive fibers 18 of the pile 14 is then discharged into the air. Between said discharging paper 15 and said base fabric 12 is placed adhesive 19 applied in dots or like a net or lines or circles, and the discharging paper 15 and the base fabric 12 are partly adhered. When the discharging paper 15 and the base fabric 12 are partly adhered by adhesive 19, adhered parts and non-adhered parts are made between the discharging paper 15 and the base fabric 12. The adhered parts prevent the discharging paper 15 from falling off the base fabric 12 and the non-adhered parts create spaces 30 between the discharging paper 15 and the base fabric 12. It appears that the antistatic mat 11 of Claim 1 discharges the static electricity charged on a human body in such a way that the charged static electricity on the human bode is earthed to the pile 14 of the mat 11 when the human body contacts the mat 11 and the static electricity charged on the pile 14 is conducted to the discharging paper 15 through the conductive fibers 18 which are included in the pile 14, and then the static electricity is discharged into the air from the protruding conductive fibers (not shown) of the discharging paper 15 through the spaces 30 formed between the base fabric 12 and the discharging paper 15. A conductive layer 20 is formed on the bottom surface of the discharging paper 15 in the antistatic mat of Claim 2. As shown in Fig. 3, the conductive layer 20 is a layer comprising conductive material such as carbon, conductive ceramics, metal and the like made into fibers or powder and mounted all over or partly on the bottom surface of the discharging paper 15. Two examples for forming a conductive layer 20 partly on the bottom surface of the discharging paper 15 are shown in Figs. 4 and 5 with the conductive layer 20 formed on the bottom surface of the discharging paper 15 like a net or stripes. When the conductive layer 20 is formed, the static electricity charged on the pile 14 is conducted to the conductive layer 20 through the conductive fibers 18 which are included in the pile 14 and is retained in the conductive layer 20. Accordingly, it appears that the increase in retaining capacity of static electricity of the antistatic mat 11 improves the earthing performance of the static electricity charged on a human body. The antistatic mat of Claim 3 has a conductive fabric 50 including conductive fibers on or in the backing layer on the bottom surface of the discharging paper 15, contacting the conductive fibers 18 of the pile 14. The conductive fabric 50, which possesses flexibility and goes well with the base fabric 12, the discharging paper 15 and the backing layer 13, has conductive fibers formed in a pattern of check, web or twigs. When the conductive fabric 50 is as roughly woven as a surgeon's gauze, the backing layer gets impregnated into the conductive fabric 50 and therefore there is no fear of exfoliation. Any kind of conductive fiber can be utilized to make a conductive fabric as long as it possesses conductivity and the conductive component is exposed or protruding from the surface of the conductive fabric and also as long as it is capable of contacting electrically with said fibers 18 and capable of retaining the static electricity conducted through said fibers 18 in contacting with the conductive fibers 18 of said pile 14. The conductive fabric 50 is preferred to comprise conductive fibers of aromatic polyamide, for example, poly-p-phenylene terephthal amide plated with copper or chrome and woven in a pattern of check, which shows an excellent conductivity and resisitivity against stretching and heat. As for the size of a conductive fabric 50 in proportion to an antistatic mat, not only the one shown in Fig. 1 but also the one shown in Fig. 7 which is formed around a ring 16 installed to prevent the antistatic mat 11 from slipping can be utilized. In the antistatic mat 11 claimed in Claim 3 comprising such as described above, the static electricity charged on a human body is earthed to the pile 14 of the mat 11 by contacting the mat 11, and the static electricity charged on the pile 14 is conducted to the conductive fabric 50 through the conductive fibers 18 in the pile, and is retained in the conductive fabric 50. It appears that the static electricity charged on the conductive fabric 50 is discharged from the conductive fibers protruding from the surface of the discharging paper 15 on the conductive fabric 50 through the spaces 30 created between the base fabric 12 and the discharging paper 15 . In order to prevent the antistatic mat 11 from moving around on the floor, a ring 16 can be installed on the rim part of the mat 11 by piercing, which is then hooked on a hook 17 made of conductive material such as iron and copper, and said conductive fabric 50 is connected to the ring 16. In this case, the static electricity retained in the conductive fabric 50 is earthed to the floor through the ring 16 and the hook 17, and the static electricity removal rate (the rate for discharging static electricity from the mat into the air) can be greatly improved. The backing layer 13 of the antistatic mat 11 of Claim 4, as shown in Fig. 8, comprises thermoplastic resin such as vinyl chloride including conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and also plastic materials, and said conductive fibers 26 are distributed evenly in the backing layer 13 so as to contact one another. In this case, it appears that besides the conductive layer 20, as the backing layer 13 possesses conductivity, part of the static electricity charged in the pile 14 is transferred to the backing layer 13 through the conductive fibers 18 of the pile 14. As a result, it appears that the static electricity retaining capacity of the antistatic mat 11 of the present invention is further improved and the voltage charged on a human body is further lowered. In the backing layer 13 of the antistatic mat 11 of the present invention, it appears that with part of the conductive fibers 26 included in the backing layer 13 protruding from the surface of the backing layer 13, the static electricity charged in the backing layer 13 is discharged into the air from the conductive fibers protruding from the surface of the backing layer 13. Further, conductive fibers and conductive materials made of iron or copper fibers or powder which are to be included singly or in combination in said pile 14, discharging paper 15, conductive layer 20, conductive fabric 50 and backing layer 13 possess not only conductivity but also antibacterial property, and by using such materials, propagation of microorganisms is prevented or suppressed. preventing damage to the appearance of the antistatic mat and generation of bad smell. As shown in Fig. 9, a base fabric 12 of porous sheet comprising such material as nonwoven fabric, mesh, polyamide fabric is cut to a predetermined size and about 30 g/m² of adhesive 19 is applied partly in dots or like a net, lines or circles. Any kind of adhesive may be used, however, thermoplastics such as polyethylene, polyamide, polyethylen terephthalate, polybuthylene terephthalate, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride are particularly preferable. Resin which is excellent in heat adhesion such as polyethylene is especially preferable and preforming it in a pattern of a net and placing the adhesive net on a base fabric 12 saves time and trouble in production by simplifying the manufacturing process. It is also considered useful for improvement of conductivity of the discharging paper 15 to add conductive substances such as carbon, metals and conductive ceramics to the adhesive 19. Next, as shown in Fig. 10, a discharging layer 15 is placed and partly adhered onto the adhesive 19 shaped in dots, stripes or the like on the base fabric 12. It is possible to form a conductive layer 20 on the side of the discharging paper 15 in order to improve the static electricity retaining power of an antistatic mat as shown in Fig. 11. A conductive layer 20 may be made by mixing conductive fibers or powder with an adhesive and applying the mixture onto the bottom surface of a discharging paper 15, or by first applying an adhesive on the bottom surface of a discharging paper 15 and distribute said conductive fibers or powder over the surface. The adhesive to be used for a conductive layer 20 may be the same adhesive 19 used for the adhesion of said base fabric 12 and said discharging paper 15. It is preferred to include at least 1 w % of conductive material in an adhesive of 30 g per m² of a discharging paper 15. Less than 1 w % of conductive material included in an adhesive is not efficient enough to give a good static electricity retaining power to a conductive layer 20. As described above, pile 14 is driven into a base fabric 12, a discharging paper 15 and a conductive layer 20 from the side of the base fabric 12 through the conductive layer 20 in a shape of a U, as shown in Fig. 12, after adhering the discharging paper 15 partly on the base fabric 12 or after partly adhering the discharging paper 15 on the base fabric 12 and forming a conductive layer 20 on the bottom surface of the discharging paper 15. Next, as shown in Fig. 13. a base fabric 12 with said pile 14 driven into is placed on the solated synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride applied over a mold 25, then said resin is semisolated by heating the mold and said resin is impregnated into the base fabric 12, a discharging paper 15 and a conductive layer 20. It is better to impregnate said resin not to fill up the gap between the base fabric 12 and the discharging paper 15. It is also possible to mount a conductive fabric 50 made by weaving conductive fibers in a pattern of check or web on the resin sol comprising thermoplastics such as vinyl chloride resin, to mount the base fabric 12 with pile 14 driven into on said conductive fabric 50, to heat the mold 25, to semigelate the resin sol and to impregate the resin into the base fabric 12, the discharging paper 15, the conductive layer 20 and the conductive fabric 50. The resin is hardened by cooling the mold 25 to form a backing layer 13 to be used in an antistatic mat. It is also acceptable to add conductive fibers such as carbon fibers to a synthetic resin to be applied on the surface of a mold 25 in order to improve the static electricity retaining power of said backing layer 13. The resin sol containing said conductive fibers to be evenly distributed by adding a plasticizer is applied on the surface of the mold 25. For this, it is preferred to add at least 2 w % of conductive fibers in the total weight of the resin, because if the amount of conductive fibers is less than 2 w %, it is hard to get sufficient static electricity retaining power by keeping the fibers in contact with one another. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS There is given detailed description of several embodiments of the present invention in the following. EMBODIMENT 1 ANTISTATIC MAT: Configuration as in Fig. 2. An adhesive is applied in dots. Size: 0.50 × 0.74=0.37 m² [Base fabric: nonwoven polyester fabric. Pile: polyamide fiber (1600 deniers) Conductive fiber to be included in pile: SANDERON (Nihon Sanmo Senshoku Inc.) Discharging paper: SOLDION (Toray Co., Ltd.) Adhesive to adhere discharging paper and base fabric: polyamide adhesive] The charged voltage (1) in a human body was taken. Measurement apparatus: As is shown in Fig. 14, an insulation sheet 40 was places on an aluminum floor 23 and a carpet 21 made of polyamide was spread, and a chair 28 and the antistatic mat 11 were put on the carpet 21. A person 29 sat on the chair 28 with his feet touching the antistatic mat 11. He rubbed his back and hip ten times against the chair 28. The charged static electricity was transferred to the potential meter 44 through an aluminum board 43 attached to a lead 41 and an insulation rod 42 and the voltage was taken. The temperature was 20° C and the humidity was 20 %. Table 1 shows the result. EMBODIMENT 2 ANTISTATIC MAT: Configuration as in Fig. 3. An adhesive was applied in dots. Size: 0.50 × 0.74 = 0.37 m² [Base fabric: nonwoven polyester fabric, Pile: polyamide fiber (1600 deniers) Conductive fiber to be included in pile: SANDERON (Nihon Sanmo Senshoku Inc.) Discharging paper: SOLDION (Torah Co., Ltd.) Adhesive to adhere discharging paper and base fabric: polyamide adhesive Conductive layer: (carbon powder and polyamide adhesive) formed all over base fabric. The amount of (carbon powder and polyamide adhesive) was 30 g/m² of the discharging paper and the amount of carbon powder included was 0.6 g.] The charged voltage (2) in a human body was taken. Table 1 shows the result. EMBODIMENT 3 ANTISTATIC MAT: Configuration as in Fig. 6. An adhesive was applied in dots and a conductive fabric about the size of the conductive paper was mounted on the bottom side of the conductive paper. Size: 0.50 × 0.74=0.37 m² [Base fabric: nonwoven polyester fabric. Pile: polyamide fiber (1600 deniers) Conductive fiber to be included in pile: SANDERON (Nihon Sanmo Senshoku Inc.) Discharging paper: SOLDION (Toray Co., Ltd.) Adhesive to adhere discharging paper and base fabric: polyamide adhesive Conductive layer: (carbon powder and polyamide adhesive) formed all over base fabric. The amount of (carbon powder and polyamide adhesive) was 30 g/m² of the discharging paper and the amount of carbon powder included was 0.6 g.] Conductive fabric: poly-p-phenylene terephthal amide fiber plated with copper and chromed conductive fibers (200 deniers) interwoven into plain fabric like a surgeon's gauze. Overlocking yarn: yarn including conductive fibers 100d × 2/inch] The charged voltage in a human body was taken. The measurement was conducted for the case when no earthing took place between said antistatic mat and the floor (3A), for the case when earthing took place through a ring (3B) and for the case when earthing took place through the overlock on the rim of said antistatic mat (3C). Table 1 shows the results. EMBODIMENT 4 The measurement was conducted in the antistatic mat, being the same as in Embodiment 3 except for the conductive fabric which was the same size as in Fig. 7, in the same manner as in Embodiment 3 for the case when no earthing took place from a human body (4A), for the case when earthing took place through a ring (4B) and for the case when earthing took place through the overlock on the rim of said antistatic mat (4C). Table 1 shows the results. EMBODIMENT 5 ANTISTATIC MAT: Configuration as in Fig. 8. An adhesive was applied in dots and a conductive fabric about the size of the conductive paper was mounted on the bottom side of the conductive paper. Size: 0.50 × 0.74 = 0.37 m² [Base fabric: nonwoven polyester fabric. Pile: polyamide fiber (1600 deniers) Conductive fiber to be included in pile: SANDERON (Nihon Sanmo Senshoku Inc.) Discharging paper: SOLDION (Toray Co., Ltd.) Adhesive to adhere discharging paper and base fabric: polyamide adhesive Conductive layer: (carbon powder and polyamide adhesive) formed all over base fabric. The amount of (carbon powder and polyamide adhesive) was 30 g/m² of the discharging paper and the amount of carbon powder included was 0.6 g. Backing layer: (mixture of vinyl chloride resin powder and carbon fibers (5mm in length) and plasticizer) mixed evenly.] The charged voltage (5) in a human body was taken. Table 1 shows the result. COMPARISON 1 ANTISTATIC MAT: Configuration as in Fig. 15. An adhesive was applied in dots and a conductive fabric about the size of the conductive paper was mounted on the bottom side of the conductive paper. Size: 0.50 × 0.74=0.37 m² [Base fabric : nonwoven polyester fabric. Pile: polyamide fiber (1600 deniers) conductive fiber to be included in pile: SANDERON (Nihon Sanmo Senshoku Inc.) Discharging paper: SOLDION (Torah Co., Ltd.) Adhesive to adhere discharging paper and base fabric: polyamide adhesive.] The charged voltage (6) in a human body was taken as in EMBODIMENT 1. Table 1 shows the result. As can be seen from Table 1, about 50 % of the static electricity was removed according to Comparison 1, however, it was not enough to remove bad effects of static electricity. On the other hand, the antistatic mat of Embodiment 1 lowered the charged voltage to 3,1 kV, which was enough to remove the bad effects of static electricity. According to the experiments of the inventor, it was found that when the static electricity charged on a person is lowered below 3,0 kV by discharging the static electricity through an antistatic mat, there is no electrical shock to a person. The antistatic mat of Embodiment 2 realized 2,3 kV, well below 3,0 kV. The antistatic mat of Embodiment 3 realized 2,2 kV when there was no earthing (3A). When earthing from the ring took place (3B), it was - 2,5 kV, and when earthing from the overlock took place (3C), it was - 2,7 kV, both of which were surprisingly low. In the antistatic mat of Embodiment 4, as in the antistatic mat of Embodiment 3, the result was 2,1 kV (4A), - 1,3 kV (4B) and - 1,6 kV (4C). In the antistatic mat of Embodiment 5, it was 2,0 kV. Accordingly the antistatic mat as claimed in Claim 1 instantly removes the static electricity charged on a human body and therefore removes unpleasantness that would be caused by the discharging of the static electricity mainly at the times of getting on and off a car. The antistatic mat as claimed in Claim 2 is capable of attaining charged static electricity of 2,3 kV, helped by a conductive layer. The antistatic mat as claimed in Claim 3 enables the sharp increase of the static electricity retaining power by placing a conductive fabric on or in the backing layer. attaining charged electricity of - 2,7 kV, perfectly removing the static electricity charged on a human body. The antistatic mat as claimed in Claim 4 further increases the static electricity retaining power by giving the backing layer a function to retain static electricity. Throughout the foregoing description, the values in w % are to be understood as % by weight of the corresponding material components.

Claims: An antistatic mat (11) comprising: a base fabric (12); a discharging paper (15) including conductive fibers partly protruding from the surface, which is partially adhered to the base fabric creating spaces (30) between the discharging paper (15) and the base fabric (12); a backing layer (13) formed on the back of the discharging paper (15); and a pile (14) including conductive fibers (18) driven through the discharging paper (15) and the base fabric (12). The antistatic mat as set forth in claim 1, wherein a conductive layer (20) including conductive material or materials is formed all over or partly on the base fabric (12). The antistatic mat as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein a conductive fabric (50) including conductive fibers is distributed on or in the backing layer (13) on the back of the discharging paper (15) so as to contact the conductive fibers (18) of the pile (14). The antistatic mat as set forth in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the backing layer (13) includes conductive fibers (26) such as carbon fibers. The antistatic mat as set forth in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the conductive fibers are carbon fibers.

Inventors: YAMADA KOHEI, YAMADA, KOHEI
Applicants: DAIWA KK, DAIWA CO., LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: H05F3
IPC codes: B32B27, B60N3, H05F1, H05F3, A47G27, B60R16