Electronic image scanners

Abstract: In an electronic image scanning device (10) having an array (80) of photosensitive elements, or photosites, arranged and supported for deriving electronic image information from an original, an arrangement for input of control information to the device includes a surface (12) with a plurality of unique control images (120) thereon, detectable by the photosites, is arranged for operator controlled movement. The scanning of the control images occurs during a non-­ image scanning period in the operation of the scanning device. The unique control images are recognized as control information. The operator-control led movement reflects operator selection of control information.

Description: The present invention relates generally to the input of control information for electronic image reproduction in an image-scanning device, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for providing variable control of electronic image reproduction by input of control information through the imaging arrangement. Setting control values for electronic image reproduction and processing in an electronic image scanner is generally accomplished by the input of information to a controller from an operator control panel and display. However, such arrangements necessitate an interface between the controls, the display and the controller, and between the controller and, for example, an image-processing circuit. This requires a number of electrical connections of substantial complexity for the purpose of entering this control information. Buttons or switches must be provided which, upon actuation, provide an electrical signal to a control system indicating a desired condition. Generally, information regarding the control information or selection is also given to the operator simultaneously with its entry. US-A-4,162,408 shows an apparatus for dynamically varying a reference threshold level when a mark or object is sensed moving across optics of the apparatus. US-A-4,384,272 discloses an image-reading apparatus with movable marking members shaded to a predetermined density for determining the required reading area on a surface and the required illumination of the area. The marking member is detected by the image sensor. US-A-4,147,295 suggests a system for automatically correcting a threshold value of each bar in a bar code recognition system. The system comprises a movable card with a plurality of bars arranged in parallel on the card, a lens for converging the light reflected from each bar, and an image sensor which generates an image signal having a level corresponding to the light density of the reflected light. The threshold value with reference to which each bar width is discriminated is determined upon scanning the bars in order to enhance the recognition operation of the system. US-A-4,724,330 suggests that an electronic input scanner may use a target for electronic acquisition and storage of registration information. US-A-4,716,438 discloses an arrangement in which machine control information is taken from a coded job sheet directed through a document handler. It would be highly desirable to use a less expensive mechanical control information selection arrangement, in conjunction with the already existing imaging arrangement to provide a control information input to an image scanner. In accordance with the present invention there is provided an input scanner as claimed in the appended claims. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, in an electronic image scanning device having an array of photosensitive elements, or photosites, arranged and supported for deriving electronic image information from an original, an arrangement for input of control information to the device is provided. A surface with a plurality of unique control images thereon, detectable by the photosites, is arranged for operator-controlled movement. The scanning of the control images occurs during a non-image scanning period in the operation of the scanning device. The unique control images are recognized as control information. The operator controlled movement reflects operator selection of control information. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, screens and/or threshold levels, as well as other control or image processing information, can be set by providing selection information to the electronic image scanning device through the imaging arrangement of an image scanner. In one possible embodiment, a disk-shaped member, journaled for rotation in response to operator-selected movement, has arranged about its periphery a plurality of bars printed on the disk such that as rotation of the disk brings a bar into scanning position, the bar presents a unique length for scanning by the imaging arrangement. In this embodiment, the imaging by a selected number of photosites of any bar provides a unique control signal. In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, in one embodiment, the disk-shaped member is also provided with operator-viewable information corresponding to each unique control selection, when the unique control image is in position for scanning. The value of loading the selection through the scanning array offers significant possibilities for other information loading beside the screening and thresholding. No separate bar code reader or information is required. The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side view of a scanner-printer incorporating the present invention; Figure 2 is a top view of the scanner-printer shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 shows the scanning movement of the scan head of Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 shows an isometric cut-away view of the scanner upper surface and platen cover; Figures 5A and 5B show a sliding scale used in the scanner of the invention, and Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a conversion circuit for use with the present invention. In the ensuing description, "electronic fast-scan direction" refers to the direction in which the scanning array 50 scans, "mechanical fast-scan direction" refers to the direction perpendicular to the electronic fast-scan direction in which the scan head 60 moves, and "mechanical slow-scan direction" refers to the direction parallel to the electronic fast scan direction in which the scan carriage 40 moves. "Image line" (L) refers to the line parallel to the electronic fast-scan direction, while "scan line" (SL) refers to the scan lines parallel to the mechanical fast-scan direction. Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, the scanner is shown and described herein in combination with a printer, the combination being referred to and identified herein as scanner-printer 10. While a combination scanner-printer is shown and described, scanner 10 may comprise a stand-alone scanner usable by itself or in combination with output devices other than a printer, such as a facsimile transmitter, memory, communication channel, etc. Scanner-printer 10 has a relatively compact generally rectangular frame structure or housing 11, including an upper surface 12 having inset therein a generally rectangular transparent glass scan platen 13 of preset size on which the document to be copied is placed. Platen 13 includes a suitable border with registration indicia (not shown) to facilitate placing of a document in proper position for copying. While the document may be positioned on scan platen 13 manually, a suitable automatic document feeder (not shown) may be used for this purpose. A print platen 20 is located interiorly of housing 11 in predetermined spaced relation below scan platen 13, print platen 20 being in a plane substantially parallel to that of scan platen 13. Print platen 20, as will appear, serves as a support for the copy substrate material, shown here as copy sheets 22, on which the copy of the document is to be printed. A removable copy sheet source in the form of a paper tray cassette 24 is slidably fitted into a slot-like opening provided in housing 11 below platen 20 adjacent the housing base, cassette 24 having therewithin a stack 26 of copy sheets 22. A scuffing feed roll 28 serves, when actuated, to feed the topmost copy sheet in stack 26 through a turn-around baffle 30 onto print platen 20. A scan-print carriage 40 is supported for scanning movement in both the mechanical fast-and slow-scan directions in housing 11 between scan and print platens 13,20 respectively. A slow-scan base 41 supports a fast-scan head 60 for reciprocating back and forth movement in the mechanical slow-scan direction (shown by the double-ended arrow 42), slow-scan base 41 itself being supported by lead screw 46 proximate one side of slow-scan base 41 and a cam member structure 48. Lead screw 46, which is drivingly coupled to slow-scan base 41 by an internally-threaded nut 50, is rotated by reversible motor 52 to move slow-scan base 41 and scan-print carriage 40 supported thereon selectively back and forth in the mechanical slow-scan direction at a controlled step scanning rate. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, carriage 40 includes a fast-scan head 60 supported on base 41 for reciprocating back and forth movement in the mechanical fast-scan direction (shown by the dotted line arrow 62) by means of a cooperating journal rod 64 and support rod 66, fast-scan head 60 having a side extension 68 with suitable openings 70,71 within which rods 64,66 are received. Carriage 40 is moved in the mechanical fast-scan direction by a drive motor 76 mounted on carriage 40, motor 76 being drivingly coupled to carriage 40 by belt and pulley driver 78. To scan and convert the image content of the document on platen 13 into image signals suitable for printing, a linear scanning array 80 such as a CCD is mounted on fast-scan head 60 covered with a glass filter 81 such that the electronic fast-scan direction of array 80 is perpendicular to the mechanical fast-scan direction, and parallel to the mechanical slow-scan direction. A gradient index fiber lens array 82 focuses the individual photosensors or photosensitive elements of array 80 on scan platen 13 and the document resting thereon. Scanning array 80 has a preset number N of photosensors, array 80 together with lens array 82 being sized so as to scan a predetermined number N of pixels P. Because of the orientation of scanning array 80, each scan of array 80 also crosses a like-sized block of N image lines. At least one lamp, perhaps two (not shown), mounted on fast scan head 60 illuminates the scan line viewed by array 80 through lens array 82. As seen in Figure 3, scanning array 80 overscans, the number N of pixels P scanned by array 80 being larger than the number N' of pixels processed. As a result, each scan line SL includes a total overscanned area N-N', the number of pixels in each overscanned area being equal to (N-N')/2. A linear printing array (not shown) such as a thermal ink jet head, is mounted on carriage 40 below, facing platen 20, and in alignment with scanning array 80, the axis of printing array 90 also being perpendicular to the mechanical fast-scan direction. The printing array has a number of printer elements, with the array being sized to print a block of pixels such that the number of pixels printed by the array in each print line is equal to the number of pixels processed from the scanning array 80. At the home position of the carriage (shown in solid lines) the fast-scan head 60 docks in a maintenance position adapted to maintain the ink jet array openings and the ink therein in a moistened condition. Additionally, the ink jet array is connected to a sump 92 of liquid ink to maintain the ink supply therein, via a supply tube 94. A suitable control system (not shown), with operator control panel for inputting program instructions to scanner-printer 10, is provided. During operation of scanner-printer 10, the document to be copied is placed in registered position on scan platen 13, scan-print carriage 40 being normally parked in the home position H . Copy sheet feed roll 28 is actuated to feed a copy sheet 22 into registered position adjacent print platen 20. Carriage 40 is driven by motor 52 via lead screw 46 in the slow-scan direction (shown by the arrow 42) at a predetermined scanning rate to a start-of-pickup position P (shown in phantom). If copying to a blank sheet is desired, a blank sheet is advanced from the tray to a registered position at platen 20. At platen 20, a sheet grabbing arrangement (not shown) on carriage 40 grabs the sheet, and carries the lead edge of the sheet back to the home position at a registered position for printing. With a blank sheet in position for printing, the carriage 40 is incrementally moved in the slow-scan direction, and the head 60 is moved in the mechanical fast-scan direction for image acquisition and printing during movement increments as shown in Figure 3. Upon completion of the scanning motion in the slow-scan direction, the carriage 40 is returned to the home position, from the pickup position P, picking up a second sheet of paper if required and simultaneously pushing the printed sheet of paper out of the machine with a sheet-pushing member (not shown) into tray 95. As described, scanning array 80 scans in the electronic fast-scan direction. It will be noted that there is some amount of overscanning in both the mechanical slow-scan and fast-scan directions. In scanner-printer 10, the printing array on carriage 40 may be actuated to print substantially simultaneously the block of image lines scanned by array 80 on the copy sheet 22 resting on print platen 20. As might be expected in conjunction with an image-scanning device, various image-processing functions are available for altering the appearance of the document image acquired at the scanning array. Two particularly common functions are screening and thresholding. Data are initially derived in an analog form, and then converted to a digital value. Then, thresholding functions typically compare the image data with a uniform level across an image, to provide a binary output from the digital image data. Varying the threshold level varies the contrast of the image. Screening is a similar function, used to simulate gray levels within an image. Over a unit area of several pixels in the image, a series of threshold levels is applied to the image data so that a binary output is still produced, but varying over the unit area, depending on the density of the level of grey in the original image. Different screens apply different patterns of threshold levels to achieve different effects. It is highly desirable to provide a plurality of threshold levels and screens in a scanning device. The application of screens and thresholds to image data, as well as the types of screens, is well known. In accordance with the invention, to instruct the image-processing system which screen or threshold function to use, a simple slide switch, and as best seen in Figures 1,4 and 5, an indicator member 100 is provided in the upper surface 12 of enclosure 11. The indicator 100 is a disk-shaped member mounted for rotational movement on the upper surface 12 of the enclosure 11. On the disk upper surface, slide handle member 102 is available exterior to enclosure 12, movable along curved slot 104 to rotate sliding indicator 100. Sliding indicator 100 is held in its position relative to upper surface 12 of the enclosure with a complementary receiving slot 106, into which the sliding indicator 100 is snap fitted. There is a large range of manually-operable indicators that may be used, including for example, a linear array of line segments of different lengths, slidable in a linear direction to bring a line segment to a scanning position. On the exterior of upper surface 12, there are molded into the surface a plurality of markings 108 (shown in phantom in Figure 5) indicative of the type of screen or threshold level that the sliding indicator is set to. Setting the slide handle 102 to one of these markings is indicative of the type of threshold level or screen selected. On the lower surface of sliding indicator 100 is formed a pattern of indicia 120 having different widths W x , as best shown in Figure 5B. Each unique width W₀-W₁₁ corresponds to a preset threshold level or screen function that may be applied. As the sliding indicator is rotated for selection of one of the functions, the rotation brings a portion of indicia pattern 120 having a unique width into view of scanning array 80 during a portion of the overscanning path (with reference to Figure 3). In one embodiment, each indicium 120 is white on a black background, which may be formed easily and accurately by injection molding a white plastics into a black plastics. With reference to Figure 6, when the scanning array passes a predetermined position, data derived from the scanning array are converted from analog to digital values by analog/digital converter 200, and the one or two most-significant bits are reviewed for transition points indicative of the change in response from black to white upon first detection. Detection of a first transition starts counter 202 driven by the pixel clocking signal, and detection of a second transition, or the end of the scan line clocking signal, stops the clock from running. The counter value is loaded into a latch 204, such loaded value representing a measurement of the width of that portion of the indicia detected by the scanning array 80. The threshold and screen functions are mapped on a range of values around the widths of the indicia, for example as follows: The value of latch 204 is available to counted value decoder 206 which converts the width of the segment in pixels to an enable signal for the threshold and screening functions 208 and 210, to operate in accordance with stored functions threshold and screening memories 212 and 214. This might be accomplished through a look-up table or the like. The value of loading selection through the scanning array offers significant possibilities for other information loading beside the screening and thresholding. No separate bar code reader or information is required. Thus, for example, copy count, darkness level, programmed function selection, and other operating information may be entered through the scanning array, by using the array to measure a value at a predetermined position, and map such values onto stored function selection. Additionally, while the present invention has been described with respect to a scanning device with mechanical movement in both slow-and fast-scan directions, there is in principle no reason why the invention will not work equally as well in a line-by-line scanner, with movement only in the slow-scan direction, or other arrangement for scanning.

Claims: An input scanner (10) for deriving an electronic representation of an original image, including an array (80) of photosensitive elements responsive to light from the original image, means (52, 50, 46) for providing relative scanning movement between the array and the original image, and means (100) for selecting one of a set of different control characteristics for controlling the processing of the output signals of the array representing the scanned image, in accordance with the selected characteristics, the selection means including: a characteristics selection member (102) with a first surface (12) having on it a plurality of control indicia (120) representative of the set of available control characteristics, the selection member being aligned with the array when the array is outside the boundaries of the original image; means for moving the first surface with respect to the array to place a selected one of the control indicia (W) in the field of view of the array, and means for processing the output signals in accordance with the selected indicium. The scanner as claimed in claim 1, including a second surface movable with the first surface and providing an operator-viewable indication of the selected indicium. The scanner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the first surface is selectably movable for selection of each member of the set of control characteristics, in which each indicium is defined on the first surface by markings between which a signal-processing circuitry can differentiate, in which the scanner includes a counter (202) for counting the number of photosensitive elements in the array which detect the selected indicium to produce a count number; means for enabling the counter upon detection of the selected indicium, and means for determining from the count number the control characteristic to be applied to the scanned-image signal processing. The scanner as claimed in claim 3, wherein each control indicium is in the form of a line on a contrasting background, the line being oriented parallel to the array when in the field of view. The scanner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the part of the indicium scanned by the array includes at least one transition from the background to the line. The scanner as claimed in claim 5, wherein the counter-enabling means includes a transition detector whereby, upon detection of a first transition from background to line, counting is started. The scanner as claimed in claim 6, wherein the transition detector is adapted to stop the count when a second transition is detected. The scanner as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the control characteristic to be applied to the electronic representation of the original image is a threshold function. The scanner as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the control characteristic to be applied to the electronic representation of the original image is a screening function. The scanner as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the control characteristic to be applied to the scanned image is based on a look-up table correlating the number counted to the control characteristic to be applied.

Inventors: HERLOSKI ROBERT P, HERLOSKI, ROBERT P.
Applicants: XEROX CORP, XEROX CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: H04N1