CONSTRUCTION FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OF FLUIDS

Abstract: Construction for the displacement of fluids, comprising a housing with supply and discharge means and a fanwheel construction (1) being installed rotatable in said housing, and being able to displace fluids either centrifugally or axially on rotating, characterized in that the fanwheel construction (1) is a cage construction or a flat or bended construction of perforated material, rotatably mounted on a central shaft, and onto said construction (1) oblong flexible projections (2) are attached that, on rotating, effect a displacement of fluids.

Description: CONSTRUCTION FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OF FLUIDS The invention relates to a construction for the displacement of fluids (media) . The media to be displaced can either be gases or fluids. This displacement is accomplished by a fanwheel construction, placed in a box-shaped casing or a pump shell. A cylindrical shape is possible as well. A present construction of such an installation with guide blades, is described in the book by Bruno Eck, entitled: "VENTILATOREN" (Entwurf und Betrieb der Radial-, Axial- und Querstrom-ventilatoren, Spinger Verlag, 1972, ISBN 3-540- 05600- 9.5) For pumps and compressors, the description can be found in the book "Pumpen", Ventilatoren und Kompressoren (radialer und axialer Bauweise) by Dipl. Ing. A. de Kovats and Ing. G. Desmur and many other literature. See for example the article by Dr. Ing. W. Honmann, Klimaatbeheersing 7 (1978) pages 56-63 and 123-132. In order to explain the disadvantages of currently applied techniques, a fan is used as example. This fan has two main components: a casing and a fanwheel which rotates inside this casing. This fanwheel is constructed from blades which are placed empirically under a permanent angle, locked up between a flat sheet and a bended sheet. By this blade position, the fanwheel has an optimal operating point on the characteristic curve, i.e. there where the least friction occurs around the blade. All other positions on this characteristic curve are derivatives-thereof, that only give a worsening of the operation for these other points. These disadvantages are given below: * The efficiency (for smaller dimensions an efficiency between 40 and 55% and for larger dimensions and efficiency of 65 to 85%) * High friction level * High noise level * Compared to the dimensions, a low displacement capacity * High weight due to the applied materials * A complicated construction is necessary for a high efficiency grade * Often difficult transmission possibilities * Complicated operation due to the use of electric controls or controls on the inspection side, together with the subsequent energy loss * A high GD2, which results in a long starting time The above disadvantages also apply for other devices displacing displace various media, such as pumps and compressors. Purpose of this invention is a considerable improvement of fan pumps and compressors that have been constructed since the turn of the century, in order to reduce or solve various problems that are still occurring today. In the present invention, the solution is to be found in the always critical blade angle of the rotation section, the so-called fanwheel. The construction of this fanwheel is essential. According to the present invention, the fanwheel consists of a cage construction having the form of a cylinder, diabolo, sphere or cone. The fanwheel construction can also have a flat or bended shape, placed in a cylindric casing for axial displacement. The fanwheel construction is made of perforated material, for instance gauze. The material to be applied can vary considerably: aluminium, steel, copper and plastics as well as any other flexible materials. Onto the case construction, (cylinder/case) or flat or bended construction, oblong flexible projections (threads) are fixed that can vary in both length and diameter. The specific dimensions thereof depend on the gases or fluids to be displaced. The threads can be made of various materials, e.g. rope, textile, rubber thermoplastic synthetics or any other flexible material. By constructing the fanwheel in the form of a cage having the shape of a cylinder or any other form being made of a perforated material, onto which any desirable number of threads can be fixed, an innu arable number of small surfaces is formed, together making up a large surface. During rotation, the centrifugal power that is exercised on the medium present on the surface of the threads causes the medium to be swept off the end of the threads, resulting in a re-arrangement of medium particles in the direction of the end of the threads. Thus, sub-atmospheric pressure will occur at the basis of each thread and further medium particles will be added through the perforated cage construction to the basis of the threads. The angle of the threads from the basis to the top is entirely in accordance with the energy between the centrifugal power and the power required to displace the medium with a specific quantity and pressure. The theoretically required angle is automatically adjusted, completely independent of the required capacity and pressure efficiency. This automatical adjustment is realized as the threads are only fixed to the perforated cage construction (cylinder) at their basis and are not connected mutually at the top or connected to any other supporting construction or coupling means, so the threads can move and adjust as required. By this automatical adjustment, the turbulance can be reduced to a minimum and the loss on the threads will only consist of a loss of friction between medium and thread. With this invention an optimal operating point is achieved for each position on the characteristic curve. As a result, the above mentioned disadvantages, as to friction and noise will be removed to a considerable extent and be reduced to a minimum. Also, the efficiency is improved considerably. An adeqaute construction of the threads in both length and diameter will contribute to an even more effective operation. This construction is to be attuned to the medium to be displaced. The present invention is illustrated with reference the attached drawings. Further, the proportions of the various surfaces are explained by calculations. These data are derived from test constructions of which the test results are also dealt with in order to illucidate the possibilities and various construction possibilities and to confirm the importance of this invention. Fig. la and lb show a construction of a centrifugal fan with a cylindric fanwheel (1) with the threads (2) attached to it. The inlet openings (3) are in conformity with the inner diameter of the cylinder (1) . Fig lb shows, seen from above, that the threads are attached over the entire width (4) of the casing. The cylinder is connected with a shaft (6) by means of distance pieces. This shaft is locked into a bearing construction (7) on both sides . Part of the shaft (6) has an extended construction for drive, which is either direct or achieved by transmission. This drive is not shown the drawings. The fan housing (8) is spiralshaped. The outlet (9) has a slope of 7 degrees at the top and is provided with a conductive construction at the bottom. Fig. 2a and 2b show the threads (2) and cylinder (1) in detail. A joint construction (11) shows the possibility of a connection between threads and cylinder. Many other constructions are possible. When seen from above (fig. 2b) an allowance of the cylinder with threads is clearly visible. Fig. 3 shows - in cross section - a possible construction for the threads. This construction can be adjusted to the medium that is to be displaced. Fig. 4a, 4b and 5 show, in outline, a few construction posibilities for the present invention. Both radial and axial constructions are possible. Fig. 6 and 7 show two possible fanwheel constructions. Here too, many constructions are possible. Based on the construction as indicated, a scale model was used for a number of tests (dimensions and constructions are shown in fig. 4a, 4b, la and lb) . Below, a further explanation of these tests is given: Test ( 1) This test was made with a fan housing as shown in fig. 4a and 4b, however, with one outlet opening sealed off. Dimensions of the exhaust openings: W = 200 mm, H = 300 mm. The inlet opening is situated on both sides; diameter 200 mm. The cylinder width is 195 mm, diameter 205 mm and is constructed of gauze with a width of mesh of 13 mm square. Thickness of the gauze: 0,5 mm. The total surface of the cylinder is 0,628 m2. The number of squares is 710. On one side of these squares, three threads with an effective length of 45 mm and a diameter of 1.1 mm have been attached. For this test, round shaped threads are used. A total number of 2132 threads with a length of 45 mm are attached to the cylinder. The surfaces of the various parts are: * Inlet opening twice 200 mm round, i.e. 0,0628 m2 * Stream opening of the cylinder circumference is 0,126 m2, when sealed off for 30% this is 0,094 m2 * Surface of the threads is 2132 x 0,045 x 0,0011 = 0,106 m2 * Outlet opening is 0,3 x 0,2 = 0,006 m2 The test was performed with an installed motorpower of 250 Watt and 1370 revs, per minute. The cylinder was direct driven, so the number of revolutions of the motor is in fact the number of revolutions of the cylinder. The outlet velocity measured at the outlet opening varied between 4 and 8 m/s, an average of 6 m/s. This results in a capacity of 6 x 0,06 = 0,36 m3/s at an estimated overpressure pressure of about 20 Pa. If the cylinder had been provided with twice the number of threads, which is technically possible without any problems, the capacity would have been doubled. Test (2 ) This test was performed with a spiral shaped housing as shown in fig. la and lb. The cylinder and threads are equal to those in Test (1) . The results of this test, measured in the outlet opening, are 9 m/s on the average, resulting in an air displacement of 0,54 m3/s. Another test was performed with an extension to the outlet opening with equal dimensions and a length of 1 meter. The result was an increase of the average outlet velocity to 12 m/s, an increase of about 35 per cent. The air displacement amounted to 12 x 0,06 = 0,72 m3/s with an overpressure of about 50 Pa. If the housing had been provided with twice the number of threads, the air displacement would have been doubled to 1,44 m3/s. From the above tests one may conclude that after refinement of the design of both cylinder and threads, a much higher capacity can be achieved than with the currently used construction. This results in an increase of efficiency, and a decrease in noise level. Moreover, a particularly small installation space is required. The present invention can be applied for pumps and compressors as well.

Claims: o CLAIMS : 1) Construction for the displacement of fluids, comprising a housing with supply and discharge means and a fanwheel construction being installed rotatable in said housing, and being able to displace fluids either centrifugally or axially on rotating, characterized in that the fanwheel construction is a cage construction or a of flat or bended construction of perforated material, rotatably mounted on a central shaft, and onto said construction oblong flexible projections are attached that, on rotating, effect a displacement of fluids. 2) Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that said cage construction has the shape of either a cylinder, a diabolo, a sphere or a cone. 3) Construction according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said perforated material is gauze. 4) Construction according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that said oblong flexible projections are threads. 5) Construction according to claim 4, characterized in that said threads have a triangular diameter. 6) Construction according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the total surface of the diameter of the threads is max. half of the surface of the cage construction or flat or bended construction. 7) Construction according to claims 4 and 6, characterized in that the length of the threads is attuned to the medium to be displaced and the quantity to be displaced and the overpressure.•

Inventors: VAN DE LAAR JACOB, VAN DE LAAR, JACOB
Applicants: LAAR JACOB VAN DE, VAN DE LAAR, JACOB
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F04D29
IPC codes: F04D17, F04D29