Optical storage media

Abstract: The optical storage medium of the present invention comprises: (1) a substrate, (2) ultra-thin recording layers containing a dye, and (3) controlling layers, the recording layers and the controlling layers being accumulated alternately and the uppermost layer being controlling layer. The optical storage medium of the present invention contains dye cohesions in the recording layer in an extremely small size, so that the medium can store records in high density.

Description: The present invention relates to optical storage media containing an organic dye, which perform recording and regeneration. Optical storage media containing an organic dye dispersed in a thin polymer film have so far been prepared by spin coating method. As to these optical storage media, the recording is performed by projecting a visible laser beam to the media and thereby reducing the absorption and reflection in the visible region in the media. The regeneration is performed by projecting a weak visible light to the media and detecting the absorbed and reflected lights. As to these conventional storage media, however, the organic dye present in the recording layer tends to form cohesions. The formation of the cohesions is promoted particularly at elevated temperatures. As a result, the concentration of organic dye contained in the storage media becomes uneven. In the case the diameter of recording area is smaller than the size of cohesion, the recording is difficult to perform and the difficulty in recording reduces the recording density. A problem that the present inventors have tried to solve is to make smaller the cohesion of organic dye formed in the recording layer of optical storage media. The problem could not be solved with the conventional media having separating layers. JP-A-59210543 discloses a optical storage medium comprising a substrate, thin recording layers containing a dye and controlling layers, the recording layers and the controlling layers being accumulated alternately and the uppermost layer being a controlling layer. JP-A-59215892 and JP-A-61063491 each disclose an optical storage medium comprising a single recording layer. According to JP-A-61063491, said recording layer is a monomolecular layer. The present invention is based on the finding that an optical storage medium comprising recording layers containing an organic dye and controlling layers alternately provided in the form of ultra-thin layers and a controlling layer as the uppermost layer can solve the above-mentioned problem. The recording layers are preferably one or two monomolecular layers. Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of the storage media. The reason why the dye cohesions can be made smaller in the media is probably because the cohesion formation of the molecules in the layer is suppressed by dividing the recording layers by the controlling layers into ultra-thin layers, particularly into one or two monomolecular layers. Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided an optical storage medium comprising: (1) a substrate, (2) recording layers containing a dye and having a thickness of from one to five monomolecular layers, and (3) controlling layers, the recording layers and the controlling layers being accumulated alternately and the uppermost layer being a controlling layer. Preferred embodiments of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims. Figure 1 illustrates an essential constitution of the optical storage medium of the present invention. Figures 2 and 4 to 9 illustrate various types of accumulation of the layers in the examples, wherein: o is the hydrophilic head of organic dye molecule, x is the hydrophilic head of barium stearate molecule, Δ is the hydrophilic head of stearic acid molecule, and - is a hydrophobic tail of molecular chain. The material or constituents, shape and size of the substrate usable in the present invention is not critical. The usually used substrate may be used. Specific examples of the substrate usable in the present invention are quarz; polymeric materials such as polycarbonate, acrylic polymers, polyolefines and the like; various metals; and inorganic monocrystals such as calcium fluoride. In the present invention, the term "recording layer" means a layer comprising at least one monomolecular layer containing a dye. The recording layer may contain only a dye or contain a dye and other substances. The term "ultra-thin" refers to the thickness of from one to five monomolecular layers. The term "dye" means a substance which shows absorption in the visible region and takes part in an optical change such as absorption, reflection and the like due to a photo reaction or thermal reaction upon irradiation with light. The photo reaction includes oxidation, reduction, cis-trans isomerization, proton transfer, ion pair formation, ring-opening and ring-closing reaction. The thermal reaction includes sublimation and decomposition. Specific examples of organic substances capable of taking part in the photo reaction are viologens, endoperoxides, stilbenes, azobenzenes, indigoes, spiropyranes, azomethinimines, dihydroindolizines and flugides. Specific examples of organic substances of which termal reaction can be utilized are cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, porphyrin dyes, azo dyes, styryl dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, xanthene dyes, thiazole dyes, carbonium dyes, azine dyes, pyridine dyes, quinoline dyes, anthraquinone dyes, benzophenone dyes, benzoquinone dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, flavon dyes, xanthone dyes, pyrazolone dyes, nitro dyes and nitroso dyes. Of these, preferable are cyanine dyes and photochromic compounds having the formula: wherein R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group, and R 2 represents R 3 , -OR 3 or -CH 2 OCOR 3 (R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group), provided that R 1 and R 3 both have 31 or less carbon atoms and at least one of R 1 and R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 11-31 carbon atoms. More preferable are compounds having the formulas: Another preferable compound has the following formula: The recording layer may contain compounds other than the dye. If the recording layer contains a mixture of the dye and other compounds, the advantage of preventing the formation of cohesions is satisfactory even at high temperatures. The compounds to be mixed with the dye are preferably metallic salts of fatty acids, free fatty acids, alcohols, amines, amides and hydrocarbons. Octadecane and stearic acid are more preferable. This is probably because such mixtures disturb the migration and cohesion formation of dye molecules. The recording layer consists of one to five monomolecular layers, preferably one or two monomolecular layers. As the material constituting the controlling layer, metallic salts of fatty acids, fatty acids, alcohols, amines and amides are suitable. Of these, barium stearate, cadmium stearate, stearyl alcohol, stearylamine, stearamide, C 31 H 63 COOH, C 18 H 37 COOH and C 13 H 27 COOH are preferable. Since the recording layer is sandwiched between the controlling layers, the migration and cohesion formation of dye molecules in the recording layer are suppressed. The organic compounds to be mixed into the recording layer and those to be used in the controlling layer are preferably those having a C 11 -C 31 long chain hydrocarbon group. This is because these compounds are well balanced between hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters and capable of giving layers desirable properties. In other words, the use of such compounds makes it easy to provide optical storage media comprising alternately formed recording layers and controlling layers, both being an ultra-thin layers. However, the thickness of the controlling layer is not critical. Lamination of the recording layers and controlling layers onto the substrate may be carried out according to the conventional methods. Preferably Langmuir-Brodget method (hereinafter LB method) is applied. In the optical storage media of the present invention, the controlling layer plays a role of suppressing the formation of cohesion of dye molecules. Particularly when the recording layer is constituted of one monomolecular layer, a very uniform film is obtained according to the invention. According to an allowable embodiment, one storage medium comprises a plurality of different recording layers. According to another allowable embodiment, the number of monomolecular layers differs from one recording layer to another recording layer. For example, when a certain dye is present in two different layers, i.e. recording layer 1 constituted of one monomolecular layer and recording layer 2 constituted of two monomolecular layers, as shown in Figure 2, these recording layers exhibit different absorption maximum wavelength from each other. By utilizing this, a wavelength-multiplexing recording (USP 4,737, 427) becomes performable and the recording density can be doubled by using only one kind of dye. The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the working examples below, organic dyes having the formulas below (hereinafter referred to as SP1822, SP1801 and CN18) were used. SP1822 and SP1801 are described in Thin Solid Films, 133 , 21 (1985) and Thin Solid Films, 160 , 279 (1988), and they can be synthesized according to these papers. CN18 is commercially available (manufactured by Nippon Kanko Shikiso Inc.). SP1822 and SP1801 are organic dyes capable of taking part in a photo reaction. Before recording use, they are once colored by ultraviolet irradiation and then returned to be colorless by visible laser irradiation. After recording, the record can be deleted by returning them to be colored by ultraviolet irradiation. Compounds similar to SP1822 or SP1801 and different from them in the length of hydrocarbon chain can also be accumulated easily according to LB method regardless of the length of chain so long as their structures are in the scope of claim of the present invention. They are also able to suppress the formation of aggregate as is SP1822 or SP1801 in the examples below. Regarding the compounds containing a chain of 32 or more carbon atoms, they are expected to behave similarly although their behavior cannot be ascertained due to their unavailability. Example 1 (Not according to the present invention) A storage medium was prepared by spin coating method. The influence of the controlling layer to the properties of the medium was investigated. Thus, a recording layer consisting of SP1822 was formed as a layer having a thickness of 12 nm (120 angstroms) on a substrate of quartz. A controlling layer consisting of polyvinyl alcohol was formed thereon to obtain a storage medium. The conditions of spin coating were as follows: Thin Film-Forming Condition 1: Recording layer 1.5% (by weight) solution of SP1822 in toluene, 3,000 rpm Thin Film-Forming Condition 2: Controlling layer 0.3% (by weight) solution of polyvinyl alcohol, 3,000 rpm Figure 3 summarizes the construction of the medium. The storage medium thus obtained was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp. The reaction of converting colorless form to colored form proceeded. Observation of the recording layer with optical microscope revealed that the size of cohesion was 2 microns or less and the dye was uniformity dispersed in the recording layer. This recording layer enabled the recording with visible laser and also enabled the deletion of the record by ultraviolet irradiation. For comparison, another storage medium was prepared by forming only a recording layer consisting of SP1822 on a substrate by spin coating method. The spin coating was carried out under the Thin Film-Forming Condition 1. The thickness of the storage medium was 12 nm (120 angstroms). This storage medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp, and the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, cohesions having a size of 8-12 microns were observed in the layer. Example 2 (Not according to the present invention) In Examples 2-8, storage media were prepared by Langmuir-Brodget method. A storage medium was prepared with using SP1822 as an organic dye, and the influence of the controlling layer to the properties of the medium was investigated. A 1 mmole/liter solution of SP1822 in benzene and a 1 mmole/liter solution of stearic acid in benzene were prepared. SP1822 was accumulated by Langmuir-Brodget method (hereinafter referred to as LB method) under the following conditions on a substrate of quartz. Accumulating Condition 1: Subphase: pH 7/phosphate buffer Temperature: 18°C Compression speed: 2,800 mm 2 /min. Accumulating pressure: 20 mN/m Barium stearate was accumulated under the conditions shown below by LB method. As shown in Figure 4, the storage medium was constructed so that one recording layer consisting of two monomolecular layers containing the dye SP1822 and one controlling layer consisting of two monomolecular layers of barium stearate were laminated alternately. Accumulating Condition 2: Subphase: pH 8.6/BaCl 2 =4x10 -4 mole/liter, KHCO 3 =5x10 -5 mole/liter Temperature: 18°C Compression speed: 2,800 mm 2 /min. Accumulating pressure: 30 mN/m The storage medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp. A reaction of converting colorless form to colored form proceeded. Optical microscopic observation of the recording layer revealed that the cohesions has a size of 1.0 micron or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer. This recording layer enabled the recording with visible laser and also enabled the deletion of the record by ultraviolet irradiation. Also in the case the type of accumulation of recording layers was X type (Figure 5) or Z type (Figure 6), the size of cohesion after the same treatment as above was 1.0 micron or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer. For comparison, only two monomolecular layers of SP1822 were laminated on the substrate under the Accumulating Condition 1 of Example 2. The storage medium thus obtained had construction that the controlling layer consisting of barium stearate was subtracted from the construction illustrated in Figure 4. These storage media were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp. Optical microscopic observation revealed that, in these two storage media, the size of cohesion was as large as 5-10 microns. Example 3 (Not according to the present invention) A storage medium was prepared with using SP1801 as an organic dye, and the influence of the controlling layer to the properties of the medium was investigated. Thus, a monomolecular layer of SP1801 and a monomolecular layer of barium stearate were laminated on a substrate of polycarbonate. Accumulation of SP1801 was carried out under the Accumulating Condition 1 shown in Example 2. Barium stearate was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 2 shown in Example 2. Figure 7 illustrates the construction of the storage medium thus obtained. The storage medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp and the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, no formation of cohesion was found. It became possible to form recording bits comparable to the recording wavelength, so that the memorial capacity of the medium was remarkably increased. This recording layer enabled the recording with visible laser and also enabled the deletion of the record by ultraviolet irradiation. Example 4 (Not according to the present invention) A storage medium was prepared with using CN18 as a dye, and the influence of the controlling layer to the properties of the medium was investigated. A 1 mmole/liter solution of CN18 in benzene was prepared. Two monomolecular layers of CN18 and two monomolecular layers of barium stearate were accumulated on a substrate of quartz. The former was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 1 shown in Example 2, while the latter was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 2. Figure 4 illustrates the construction of the storage medium. After heating the storage medium at 35°C for 30 minutes, the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. It was revealed that the size of cohesion was 1.0 micron or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer. For comparison, only two monomolecular layers of the dye CN18 were accumulated on a substrate under the same conditions as above. The storage medium thus obtained had the same construction as in Figure 4, except that it contained no controlling layer consisting of barium stearate. After heating the medium at 35°C for 30 minutes, it was observed with an optical microscope to reveal that the size of cohesion was as large as 5-10 microns. Example 5 (Not according to the present invention) Using SP1822 as a dye, a recording layer having monomolecular layers of a mixture of a dye and another compound was prepared to investigate the influence of the mixture to the properties of the medium. As the mixed material, octadecane was used. Thus, a solution of SP1822/octadecane (1/2) in benzene having an SP1822 concentration of 1 mmole/liter was prepared. Using this solution, two monomolecular layers were accumulated on a substrate of quartz under the Accumulating Condition 1 shown in Example 2. Then, two layers of barium stearate were accumulated thereon under the Accumulating Condition 2. The storage medium thus obtained had the same construction as in Example 2 except that the monomolecular layers of SP1822 were replaced by monomolecular layers of SP1822/octadecane (1/2) (cf. Figure 4). The medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp and observed with an optical microscope. As a result, it was revealed that the size of cohesion was as small as 0.5 micron or less. Example 6 (Not according to the present invention) Using SP1822 as a dye, a recording layer having monomolecular layers of a mixture of a dye and another compound was prepared to investigate the influence of the mixture to the properties of the medium. As the compound to be mixed with the dye, stearic acid was used. On a substrate of quartz, one monomolecular layer of a 1:8 mixture of SP1822 and stearic acid, and two monomolecular layers of barium stearate were laminated. The former was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 1 as in Example 2 by using 1 mmole/liter solution of SP1822/stearic acid (1/8) in benzene, and barium stearate was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 2. Figure 8 illustrates the construction of the storage medium thus obtained. The medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp, and the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, no formation of cohesion was found. Further, it was heated at 50°C for 30 minutes. However, no formation of cohesion was found still. Thus, the medium having recording bits comparable to the recording wavelength could be obtained. The memorial capacity of the medium was remarkably increased. This recording layer enabled the recording by the use of visible laser and the deletion of the record by ultraviolet irradiation. When stearylamine, stearamide, stearyl alcohol or barium stearate was used as the compound to be mixed with the dye, a similar effect was achievable, either. Example 7 In this example, a storage medium having a plurality of recording layers was prepared and the influence of the controlling layer to the properties of the medium was investigated. As the dye, SP1822 was used. One monomolecular layer of SP1822 and one monomolecular layer of barium stearate were alternately accumulated on a substrate of quartz to form recording layers 1 to 10 to obtain a storage medium. The monomolecular layer of SP1822 was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 1 of Example 2, while the monomolecular layer of barium stearate was accumulated under Accumulating Condition 2. Figure 9 illustrates the construction of the storage medium thus obtained. The medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp, and the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, no formation of cohesion was found. This recording layer enabled the recording by the use of visible laser and the deletion of the record by ultraviolet irradiation. Example 8 In this example, storage media having two recording layers but has a different number of monomolecular layer was prepared, and the influence of the recording layers consisting of a different number of monomolecular layer to the properties of the medium was investigated. As the dye, SP1822 was used. On a substrate of quartz, three monomolecular layers of the dye SP1822 and four monomolecular layers of barium stearate were accumulated. The former was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 1 of Example 2, while the latter was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 2. Figure 2 illustrates the construction of the storage medium thus obtained. As seen in the figure, the medium had two recording layers, namely recording layer 1 consisting of one monomolecular layer and recording layer 2 consisting of two monomolecular layer. The medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp, and it was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, cohesions other than those having a size of 1.0 micron or less were not observed and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the medium. The storage medium had absorption maximums at 618 nm and 585 nm. This property is advantageously utilized to enable the wavelength multiplexing recording with the recording layers 1 and 2 with lights of different wavelengths, thereby to double the memorial capacity. Example 9 (Not according to the present invention) The influence of the compound constituting the controlling layer to the properties of the medium was invenstigated. As the dye, SP1822 was used. First, two monomolecular layers of SP1822 and two monomolecular layers of C 31 H 63 COOH were accumulated on a substrate of quartz. The former was accumulated under the Accumulating Condition 1 as in Example 2. The latter was accumulated by using 1 mmole/liter solution of C 31 H 63 COOH in benzene under the Accumulating Condition 1 as in Example 2, except that the accumulating pressure was varied to 30 mN/m. The storage medium thus obtained had the same construction as in Figure 4, except that the barium stearate was replaced by a monomolecular layer of C 31 H 63 COOH. The medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp, and the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, the size of cohesion was 1.0 micron or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer. This recording layer enabled the recording by visible laser and the deletion of the record by ultraviolet irradiation. Each of the recording layers described above was combined with the controlling layer including C 18 H 37 COOH or C 13 H 27 COOH to obtain storage media. Accumulation of the monomolecular layer of each long chain fatty acid was carried out under the same accumulating conditions as in the case of C 31 H 63 COOH. Both of the storage media thus obtained were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp. The observed size of cohesion was 1.0 micron or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer, in both of the storage media. Optical storage media having a controlling layer consisting of any of cadmium stearate, stearyl alcohol, stearylamine and stearamide were prepared under the same conditions as above. In these cases, the size of cohesion was 1.0 micron or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer, either. A storage medium was prepared by using zinc valerate in the controlling layer. Formation of the layers was carried out by spin coating method. Conditions of the formation of zinc valerate layer were as follows. Thin Film-Forming Condition 3: Controlling layer Zinc valerate: 1.0% (by weight) aqueous solution, 2,000 rpm A recording layer consisting of SP1822 was formed under the Thin Film-Forming Condition 1 shown in Example 1. Figure 3 illustrates the construction of this storage medium. The medium was irradiated with ultraviolet light at 35°C for 30 minutes with an ultraviolet lamp, and the recording layer was observed with an optical microscope. As a result, it was revealed that the size of cohesion was 2.0 microns or less and the dye was uniformly dispersed in the recording layer. The medium having a controlling layer formed by using barium propionate or zinc caproate instead of zinc valerate gave the same advantages as above.

Claims: An optical storage medium comprising: (1) a substrate, (2) recording layers containing a dye and having a thickness of from one to five monomolecular layers, and (3) controlling layers, the recording layers and the controlling layers being accumulated alternately and the uppermost layer being a controlling layer. The medium of claim 1, wherein the recording layers are one or two monomolecular layers. The medium of claim 1 or 2, wherein the dye comprises a photochromic compound. The medium of claim 3, wherein the photochromic compound is a photochromic compound having the formula: wherein R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group and R 2 represents R 3 , -OR 3 or -CH 2 OCOR 3 wherein R 3 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, provided that R 1 and R 3 both have 31 or less carbon atoms and at least one of R 1 and R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 11 to 31 carbon atoms. The medium of claim 1 or 2, wherein the dye comprises a compound having the formula: The medium of any preceding claim, wherein the recording layers comprise, in addition to the dye, at least one member selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, metallic salts of fatty acid, alcohols, amines, hydrocarbons and amides. The medium of any preceding claim, wherein the controlling layers comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of fatty acids, metallic salts of fatty acid, alcohols, amines and amides. The medium of any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the monomolecular layers are formed according to the Langmuir-Brodget method. The medium of any preceding claim, wherein one controlling layer is provided between the substrate and the lowermost recording layer. The medium of any preceding claim, wherein the number of monomolecular layers differs from one recording layer to another recording layer.

Inventors: ANDO EIJI, GOTO YOSHIKI, HASHIDA TAKASHI, ANDO, EIJI, GOTO, YOSHIKI, HASHIDA, TAKASHI
Applicants: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD, MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G11B7
IPC codes: G11B7