Printed circuit board interconnect apparatus

Abstract: A personal computer system unit has a planar card (10) upon which is mounted a processor card (10). The processor has mounted thereon those components, except for system memory, which are most likely to be replaced for a system upgrade. The processor card (10) has a printed circuit board with printed circuits thereon that terminate along one edge at contacts (176). Two aligned edge connectors (100,101) are mounted on the planar board (50). One connector (100) has a key (173) which engages a slot (169) on the edge (48) of the processor card (10) to align the many contacts (176) with contact arms (186). Two levers (210) are mounted on the card (10) and cooperate with frame elements (201) to insert, extract and latch the processor card (10). Each element (201) also has a guide to align the processor card (10) for insertion into the edge connectors (100,101).

Description: The present invention relates to printed circuit board interconnect apparatus and in particular to interconnect apparatus which cooperates with a planar board of a computer system for facilitating installation and replacement of a processor card comprising a microprocessor and other related components mounted on a PCB. Conventional personal computers have thirty-two bit wide data and address paths which cause the processor card to have a multiplicity of wires and edge contacts. In order to plug such a card into a mating edge connector, a relatively great force is needed to spread the mating contact arms and develop the necessary wiping force required to establish good electrical contact. Such great force needs to be very carefully applied to the processor card in order not to bend or flex the card great enough to break a wire or a component. Furthermore, as the number of contacts on a processor card increases, the cost of a single, mating connector increases non-linearly due to the high density of the contacts and the cost of building a long line of contact arms within the necessary close tolerances. US Patent 4,313,150 describes a latching lever for aiding insertion, retention and removal of a PCB. The lever is pivoted on the PCB and has a operating handle and a pair of arms which straddle the PCB and latch the PCB within an equipment frame when fully inserted. The lever also has a camming piece which pivotally engages an aperture in the frame to permit the PCB to be levered in and out of the frame. US Patent 4,614,389 describes a circuit board assembly for accurate insertion into a high density socket in an equipment frame. The assembly has a lever arrangement pivotally mounted to the circuit board near its upper edge. Rotational force applied to a first lever arm causes a second arm to engage an aperture in the frame, translating the rotational force to insertion force acting on the pivot. The combination of the acting insertion force and the insertion resisting force of the socket set up a moment couple. The moment couple tends to rotate the circuit board, forcing a reference surface on the board against a mating surface on the socket during insertion. In accordance with the present invention there is now provided a processor card for use in a personal computer system unit having a frame; a planar board mounted on the frame, the planar board comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of first components mounted thereon and first circuit means electrically interconnecting the first components; the first components comprising a main memory for storing programs and data, I/O connector means adapted to be connected to I/O devices, I/O controllers for controlling transference of information to and from the I/O devices, and channel expansion connector means, the first circuit means comprising a channel bus and a memory bus, the first component means further comprising two processor card edge connectors connected to the channel bus and the memory bus, the edge connectors comprising a plurality of spring-like contact arms arranged in two opposing rows separated by a gap of predetermined width, the contact arms in each row being biased towards the arms in the other row, the contact arms in each row being longitudinally evenly spaced along such row, each connector having a laterally extending locating key in the middle of the gap therein; the processor card comprising: a second PCB having mounted thereon a microprocessor, a memory controller, a ROM unit storing operating system routines, a bus controller, and a DMA controller; the second PCB having printed circuits therein interconnecting the components mounted on the second PCB, the printed circuits terminating at edge contacts engageable with the contact arms in the processor card edge connectors, the contacts being adapted to carry data signal, address signals, miscellaneous signals, and ground lines between the processor card and the planar board, the second PCB further having a straight edge along which the contacts are located in two rows located on opposite sides of the edge with the contacts in each row being evenly spaced, the edge having a first notch therein adapted to slidingly engage one of the keys of one of the edge connectors to longitudinally align the contacts with the contact arms, the edge having a second notch therein of a size adapted to clear the key in the other edge connector. In another aspect, the present invention provides a computer system comprising a frame, a planar board mounted on the frame, the planar board comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of first components mounted thereon and first circuit means electrically interconnecting the first components: the first components comprising a main memory for storing programs and data, I/O connector means adapted to be connected to I/O devices, I/O controllers for controlling transference of information to and from the I/O devices, and channel expansion connector means, the first circuit means comprising a channel bus and a memory bus, the first component means further comprising two processor card edge connectors connected to the channel bus and the memory bus, the edge connectors comprising a plurality of spring-like contact arms arranged in two opposing rows separated by a gap of predetermined width, the contact arms in each row being biased towards the arms in the other row, the contact arms in each row being longitudinally evenly spaced along such row, each connector having a laterally extending locating key in the middle of the gap therein, and a processor card as claimed in any preceding claim releasably connectable to the edge connectors. It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the present invention enables various components or assemblies thereof in electronic apparatus such as personal computer system unit to be replaced by the user with upgraded, improved components without requiring the user to have any technical skill or use special tools. An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a processor card constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a planar board constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 3 is a exploded, isometric view, with portions removed, showing portions of the invention; Fig. 4 is an enlarged end view, with portions removed, of an edge connector on a planar board, about to mate with the edge of a processor card; Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the edge of the processor card mated with the edge connector; Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view showing contacts on the edge of the processor card; Fig. 7 is a top plan view of a portion of an edge connector; Fig. 8 is a front view of a frame element; Fig. 9 is an end view of the frame element shown in Fig. 8, mounted on a frame; Figs. 10-12 are views showing progressive relative positions of an actuator and a frame element, as the processor card is mounted on the planar board; and Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an actuator. Referring now to the drawings and first to Fig. 1, a processor card 10 comprises a printed circuit board 12 having surface mounted thereon a plurality of commercially available components including a microprocessor 14, a math coprocessor 16, a cache controller 18, a cache memory 20, a direct memory access (DMA) bus control unit 22, a bus control 24, a memory controller 26, a read only memory (ROM) 28, parity checking units 30 and 32, an oscillator 34 and clock generator 36. Preferably, the microprocessor is a high performance type, such as an Intel 80383 microprocessor, having thirty two bit data paths and providing thirty two bit addressing capability. The remaining components are selected in conventional fashion for their compatibility with such microprocessor. A plurality of buffers 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46 are connected as shown and provide selective isolation or connection between the circuits allowing different portions to be concurrently used, e.g., to move data between the microprocessor and cache while data is being transferred between an I/O unit and main memory. All of the above components are electrically connected to each other as appropriate by printed wiring circuits in PCB 12 which terminate at contacts, described below, located along an edge 48. Such edge is pluggable into edge connectors on planar board 50 shown in Fig. 2. The wiring circuits of PCB 12 include a local bus 54 including data, address and control lines 56, 58 and 60 respectively, which interconnect microprocessor 14 with coprocessor 16, cache controller 18 and cache memory 20, as shown in Fig. 1. The remaining circuit lines generally include interrupt lines 62, channel bus lines 64 and memory bus lines 66. The channel bus lines 64 include control, data and address bus lines 70, 72 and 74 respectively. Memory bus lines 66 include multiplexed memory address lines 82, row address strobe (RAS) lines 84 and 86 for memory banks A and B, column address strobe (CAS) line 88, data bus A and B lines 90 and 92, and a line 94 for use in error checking via parity check or ECC checking. Further circuit lines include those needed for direct memory access and include memory data lines 76, address lines 78, and control lines 80. For simplicity, certain miscellaneous lines, such as reset, grounds, power-on, etc. have been omitted from the drawings. Referring to Fig. 2, planar board 50 comprises a PCB 52 upon which are surface mounted various components that are interconnected by wiring or circuits in the PCB. Such components include two processor card connectors 100 and 101 described in more detail below, into which processor card 10 is plugged for mounting the processor card upon the planar board. A plurality of single in-line memory module (SIMM) connectors 102 are also mounted on PCB 52 for connecting to memory banks 104A and 104B each having SIMM's thereon forming the system main memory. One or more expansion connectors 106 are also mounted on PCB 52 for connection to different expansion adapters and options (not shown) that might be added or incorporated into the personal computer system. Connector 106 is a commercially available connector of the type conforming to the above mentioned Micro Channel architecture, and connectors 100 and 101 are identical thereto but differ in their use as to what signals or ground lines are connected to the various elements in each connector. Also mounted on planar board 50 are an interrupt, mouse and keyboard controller 108, a floppy disk controller 110, and an asynchronous and parallel interface 112 connected to a keyboard connector 114, a mouse connector 116, a diskette connector 118, an asynchronous connector 120, and a parallel port connector 122, which allow various I/O devices to be connected into the system. A system power connector 128 is mounted on PCB 52 for connection to a plug in power unit that supplies the necessary power for the system. A CMOS RAM 124 and a time-of-day clock 126 are also mounted on PCB 52. Also mounted on PCB 52 are an audio amplifier 130, a card select feedback 132 and a ready feedback 134. The PCB 52 also has mounted thereon various oscillators to provide timing signals, and buffers to isolate sections of the circuitry. The wiring of PCB 52 interconnects the various components as shown in the drawing and is grouped into three groupings, a memory bus 140, a channel bus 142, and miscellaneous signal lines including interrupt lines 143 all of which are connected to counterpart wiring on PCB 12 through connectors 100 and 101. Tapped off bus 142 is a planar function bus 144. Referring now to Fig. 3, the system unit includes a frame assembly 200 upon which planar board 50 is mounted. Planar board 50 comprises a PCB 52 which is thin, flat, and rectangular, and has its components surface mounted thereon on the surface located away from the frame assembly. Processor card 10 is designed to be mounted generally perpendicular to PCB 52 and thus the connectors 100 and 101 are located with their mounting grooves (described below) opening in a direction away from the planar board. Connectors 100 and 101 are longitudinally aligned, i.e., they are mounted end to end, with the adjacent ends being slightly spaced to allow the connectors to be located with their contact arms correctly spaced to mate with the edge contacts as hereafter described. Each expansion connector 106 is mounted on the planar board parallel to connectors 100 and 101. Memory connectors 102 are mounted in parallel rows. As seen best in Fig. 3, PCB 12 is flat, thin and rectangular. The lower edge 48 is long and straight and has a first notch 162 therein providing clearance to fit over the end wall 164 of the adjacent connector 100. A corner of PCB 12 is notched at 166 to provide clearance for the opposite end wall of the other connector 101. A central notch 168 provides clearance to fit over the adjacent end walls of connectors 100 and 101. A notch 171 provides clearance to fit over key 172 of connector 101. A notch 169 has a tight sliding fit over key 173 of connector 100 to properly locate PCB 12 relative to connectors 100 and 101. The keys are in the middle of the connectors and serve as reference points for positioning the contact arms in the connectors during the fabrication thereof. During assembly of the planar board, keys 172 and 173 are used to precisely align and position connectors 100 and 101 relative to each other. Thus, only one key 173 and one notch 169 need be used to align the contacts on the processor card with the contact arms in the connectors. The lower edge 48 is bevelled at 174 to form a wedge operative to guide such edge between the rows of contact arms when card 10 is installed. Spaced along edge 48 are a multiplicity of contacts 176 located in two rows on opposite sides of PCB 12. The contacts form part of the wiring or circuits of the PCB and are evenly spaced in each row with a centre to centre spacing of .05 inches. The contacts are very thin and lie substantially flush with the surface of the PCB. The contacts are accurately positioned relative to notch 169 so that the notch can be used to properly align the mating contacts and contact arms. Referring now to Figs. 4-7, connector 100 has a generally rectangular transverse cross section and is composed of an insulating body 178, a multiplicity of connector pins 182 and a like multiplicity of contact arms 186 connected to such pins. In the preferred embodiment, connector 100 has one hundred sixty four pins, and PCB 12 has three hundred twenty eight contacts. Connector 100 is surface mounted on PCB 52 and has a plurality of standoffs 180 that space the body slightly away from the adjacent surface of PCB 52. Pins 182 extend through PCB 52 and are reflow soldered thereto to electrically and mechanically mount the connector on PCB 52. A bifurcated locating pin 184 extends through the PCB and is used to roughly attach the connector to the board during the assembly/fabrication process. Contact arms 186 are arranged in two rows extending along groove 170, the contact arms being flexible, spring members biased or preloaded into engagement with abutments 188. The contact arms are bent or shaped so as to extend into groove 170 whereby the spacing between adjacent pins in opposite rows (across groove 170) is less than the thickness of PCB 12. The contact arms have the same spacing as contacts 176. When the processor card is installed, the bevel 174 wedges the contact arms apart against the bias thereof to develop a wiping force of at least seventy five grammes per each contact/contact arm engagement thereby insuring a good electrical contact therebetween. Such wiping force is obviously dependent on the spring constant of the contact arms and the amount of deflection. The use of two commercially available connectors is advantageous because it results in a less expensive design by not requiring any retooling that would otherwise be required to use a new, single connector having the necessary number of contact arms. As shown in Fig. 3, two frame elements 201, which form part of the frame assembly 200, are mounted in positions adjacent the mounted position of processor card 10. Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, each element 201 is similar so only one need be described. Element 201 is of sheet metal and has a flat base 202, a fulcrum/latch member 204 that extends outwardly from the base, and a guide 206 that also extends outwardly from the base at a right angle relative to member 204 but spaced therefrom. As shown in Fig. 3, processor card 10 has two actuators or levers 210 mounted on opposite corners of PCB 12 on its top edge. The levers function as inserters, extractors, and latches to facilitate installation and removal of the card and to lock or latch the card in position. The levers are identical so only one need be described in detail. Referring to Figs. 10-13. lever 210 has an elongated body 212 provided at one end with a handle 214. The other end is specially shaped to coact with frame element in a manner described in detail below. Lever 210 has a pivot hole 216 through which a pivot pin 218 extends allowing the lever to be rotated about the axis of the pin. The pin is press fitted into PCB 12. The specially shaped end is in the form of an open mouth having an upper jaw 220 and a lower jaw 222 providing two fulcrum surfaces 224 and 226. The lower jaw is split or bifurcated by a slot 228 of a width slightly greater than the thickness of guide 206 to provide a sliding fit therewith. Slot 228 and guide 206, when interfitted, occupy the same radial plane relative to the axis of rotation of the lever. Pivot hole 216 is located closer to jaws 220 and 222 than to handle 214 so as to provide unequal moment arms. Handle 214 is further from the pivot hole, and hence from the axis of rotation, to provide a longer moment arm than the length of the moment arm to the jaws whereby a force manually applied to handle 214 is amplified to develop the higher forces necessary to insert and remove card 10. Lever 210 is a classical class 2 lever where one end acts as the fulcrum, the pivot pin located between the ends acts as the load, and the handle end receives the actuating force. Lever 210 further includes two parallel, flexible arms 228 that are spaced apart a distance slightly greater than the thickness of PCB 12. Two opposed dimples 230 project towards each other from adjacent sides of arms 228 and are engageable in holes 232 in PCB 12 to releasably lock lever 210 in place against the upper edge of PCB 12. To accomplish this, dimples 230 and holes 232 are located the same radial distances from the axes of rotation of the levers. The two frame elements 201 are mounted in positions close to where the levers 210 will be when the processor card is installed or mounted on the planar board. The elements coact with the levers to install and extract the processor card and therefore act to generally align the processor card with connectors 100 and 101 at the start of installation. Guides 206 provide a more accurate aligning function, they being accurately located relative to connectors 100 and 101 so that when the levers 210 are engaged with the guides, PCB 12 is precisely perpendicular to the planar board and lies in a plane extending in the direction of movement of the PCB. When thus aligned, the upper edge of PCB 12 lies directly above connectors 100 and 101 and the forces of the levers acting on the PCBs are directed downwardly through the plane of the PCB without introducing any lateral forces that might otherwise bend the PCB and possibly break some of the printed circuits therein. In order to install or mount processor card 10 on planar board 50, levers 210 are rotated to an open position wherein they extend above PCB 12 and provide handles for lifting and guiding edge 48 into connectors 100 and 101. In such position, as best seen in Fig. 10, jaw 222 is displaced from fulcrum 204 to allow the jaw to be lowered past the fulcrum 204. During the process of lowering, lever 210 is concurrently rotated clockwise as viewed in Fig. 10. The levers would be moved laterally as necessary to align slots 228 with guide 206 and thereby allow the guide to enter the slots as continued rotation occurs. Such movement causes surface 226 to abut fulcrum 204 on the undersurface thereof. This should occur about at the point when edge 174 is resting on top of contact arms 186. Continued rotation of lever 210 forces the lower edge bevel 174 to wedge the rows of contact arms 186 apart against the bias thereof while lowering edge 48 between the contact arms (Fig. 5). During such lowering, surface 226 slides on the underside of fulcrum 204 and passes through the position shown in Fig. 11. Rotation continues until the underside of body 212 of lever 210 abuts the adjacent top edge of PCB 12, as shown in Fig. 12. As the lever moves into this latter position, arms 228 straddle PCB 12 and the dimples 230 slide thereover until they move into locking hole 232 in PCB 12. The dimples are spherical and in conjunction with the flexibility of arms 230 provide a releasable latch or lock to hold lever 210 in the latched position. At such point, surface 222 abuts the underside of fulcrum 206 and thereby prevents upward movement of PCB 12 until such time as lever 210 is rotated in the opposite direction. Removal is accomplished by simply rotating the levers to initially overcome the force needed to move the dimples from holes 232 and the frictional forces holding the lower edge 48 in connectors 100 and 101. Such latter rotation brings surface 224 of the upper jaw 220 into contact with the upper surface of fulcrum 204 allowing the lever to amplify the forces manually applied thereto causing such rotation. Continued rotation will separate PCB 12 from the connectors allowing the processor card to be lifted away from the planar board. It is to be appreciated that the system described above is advantageous in several ways. First, the system units may be of two types, a table model and a floor standing model which allows a variety of different personal computer models to be made differing in one aspect by the number of expansion and memory slots. Second, processor cards using different microprocessors can have different components mounted thereon to provide different performance characteristics and a user could readily replace or upgrade the system. Third, the system can be improved by replacing the memory units with ones of greater speed or storage capacity, and this can be readily done at the same time a processor card is replaced. Fourth, a processor card need not have all the components shown in the illustrated embodiment. The coprocessor, cache and its controller, are optional, although their absence will cause the system to perform at a lesser level. ECC circuitry can be used in place of the parity checking. Fifth, since the upgradeable components (i.e., the processor card and memory cards) are easily replaceable, the remaining components provide a stable design that should be usable for several years. It is also to be appreciated that many other changes can be made in the details and arrangements of parts without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: A processor card (10) for use in a personal computer system unit having a frame (200), a planar board (50) mounted on the frame (200), the planar board (50) comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) (52) having a plurality of first components mounted thereon and first circuit means electrically interconnecting the first components; the first components comprising a main memory (104) for storing programs and data, I/O connector means (120) adapted to be connected to I/O devices, I/O controllers (118, 116) for controlling transference of information to and from the I/O devices, and channel expansion connector means (106), the first circuit means comprising a channel bus (142) and a memory bus (140), the first component means further comprising two processor card edge connectors (100, 101) connected to the channel bus (142) and the memory bus (140), the edge connectors (100, 101) comprising a plurality of spring-like contact arms (186) arranged in two opposing rows separated by a gap (170) of predetermined width, the contact arms (186) in each row being biased towards the arms (186) in the other row, the contact arms (186) in each row being longitudinally evenly spaced along such row, each connector (100, 101) having a laterally extending locating key (172, 173) in the middle of the gap therein, the processor card (10) comprising: a second PCB (12) having mounted thereon a microprocessor (14), a memory controller (26), a ROM unit (28) storing operating system routines, a bus controller (24), and a DMA controller (22); the second PCB (12) having printed circuits therein interconnecting the components mounted on the second PCB (12), the printed circuits terminating at edge contacts (176) engageable with the contact arms (186) in the processor card edge connectors (100, 101), the contacts (176) being adapted to carry data signal, address signals, miscellaneous signals, and ground lines between the processor card (10) and the planar board (50), the second PCB (12) further having a straight edge (48) along which the contacts (176) are located in two rows located on opposite sides of the edge with the contacts (176) in each row being evenly spaced, the edge (48) having a first notch (169) therein adapted to slidingly engage one of the keys (173) of one of the edge connectors (100) to longitudinally align the contacts (176) with the contact arms (186), the edge (48) having a second notch (171) therein of a size adapted to clear the key (172) in the other edge connector (101). A processor card as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the second PCB (12) has a thickness greater than the width of the gap (170), and the straight edge (48) is bevelled to form a wedge (174). A processor card as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, comprising first and second levers (210) each mounted on the second PCB (12) for rotation between first and second positions relative to the second PCB (12) about an axis (218) extending perpendicular to the second PCB (12), at a point intermediate to the ends of the lever (210), each lever (210) comprising a handle (214) at one end and a pair of angularly joined jaws (220, 222) providing first and second camming surfaces (224, 226) at its other end, the levers (210) being operative upon engagement of the first surfaces (224, 226) with first and second fulcrums (204) mounted on opposing sides of the frame (200) to force the wedge (174) into the gap (1/10) against the bias of the contact arms (186) to slide the edge into engagement with the contacts (176) upon concurrent rotation of both levers (210) from the first positions to the second positions, the first surfaces (226) abutting the fulcrums (204) when the levers (210) are in the second positions to secure the second PCB (12), the second surfaces (224) being operative upon rotation of the levers (210) and move the second PCB (12) out of engagement with the edge connectors. A processor card (10) as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, having an actuator (210) mounted on the second PCB (12), the actuator (210) being movable between first and second positions and having a first surface (224) adapted to engage a fulcrum (204) located on the frame to generate a first force for inserting the edge (48) into the connectors (100,101), the first surface (224) having an opening (228) therein adapted to receive a guide (206) located on the frame so as to prevent any lateral movement of the actuator (2210) and the second PCB (12) when the edge (48) is inserted into the connectors (100, 101). A processor card (10) as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the actuator is pivotally mounted on the second PCB (12) for rotation abut a first axis (218) between first and second positions, the second PCB (12) having a latch hole (232) therein spaced radially from the first axis (218), and the actuator (210) having a latch element (230) thereon engageable in the latch hole (232) to releasably engage the latch element (230) when the actuator (210) is in the second position. A processor card as claimed in any preceding claim carrying an internal bus (54) connected to the microprocessor, a channel bus (64) connected to the internal bus (54) and to certain ones of the contacts (176), and a memory bus (66) connected to the internal bus (54) and certain other ones of the contacts (176), the channel bus (142) of the planar board (50) being connected to contact arms (186) engaged with the certain ones of the contacts (176), and the memory bus (140) of the planar board (50) being connected to contact arms (186) engaged with the certain other ones of the contacts (176), to form an channel bus and a memory bus which extends through the planar board (50) and the processor card (10). A processor card as claimed in Claim 6 carrying cache means (20) connected to the internal bus (54), and a coprocessor (16) connected to the internal bus (54) for performing an operation faster than the microprocessor (14). A processor card as claimed in Claim 7 comprising a bus control unit (22) connected to the channel bus (64) for controlling operation thereof. A computer system comprising a frame (200), a planar board (50) mounted on the frame (200), the planar board (50) comprising a first printed circuit board (PCB) (52) having a plurality of first components mounted thereon and first circuit means electrically interconnecting the first components; the first components comprising a main memory (104) for storing programs and data, I/O connector means (120) adapted to be connected to I/O devices, I/O controllers (118, 116) for controlling transference of information to and from the I/O devices, and channel expansion connector means (106), the first circuit means comprising a channel bus (142) and a memory bus (140), the first component means further comprising two processor card edge connectors (100, 101) connected to the channel bus (142) and the memory bus (140), the edge connectors (100, 101) comprising a plurality of spring-like contact arms (186) arranged in two opposing rows separated by a gap (170) of predetermined width, the contact arms (186) in each row being biased towards the arms (186) in the other row, the contact arms (186) in each row being longitudinally evenly spaced along such row, each connector (100, 101) having a laterally extending locating key (172, 173) in the middle of the gap therein, and a processor card as claimed in any preceding claim releasably connectable to the edge connectors (100, 101).

Inventors: ANZELONE THOMAS A, CHEUNG SAMUEL T, COHEN MARK E, COOKE KEVIN K, DEWITT JOHN R, MILLER JOHN R, NEER JAY H, ANZELONE, THOMAS A., CHEUNG, SAMUEL T., COHEN, MARK E., COOKE, KEVIN K., DEWITT, JOHN R., MILLER, JOHN R., NEER, JAY H.
Applicants: IBM, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: H05K7
IPC codes: G06F1, H01R13, G06F13, H05K3