CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM

Abstract: A cellular radio system has a plurality of base stations (BS) each for communicating with mobile stations (MS) in its vicinity, and each base station (BS) has means for determining that voice or data communication between the base station and the mobile station has temporarily ceased, and for initiating required signalling with the mobile station during that temporary cessation.

Description: CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM The present invention relates to a cellular radio system. It is veil known that in a cellular radio system, bi-directional voice or data communication can take place between one of a number of fixed base stations and one or more mobile stations, within an area or cell served by that base station. When a mobile moves between adjacent cells, it is possible to handover or handoff a call from the current base station to the base station of the adjacent cell. A group of base stations are connected to a common mobile switching centre, which oversees handover. In handover, the current base station and the mobile need to exchange signalling information. This control signalling is necessarily concentrated into a short period of time, and because the voice or data transmission may need to be interrupted, albeit briefly, a user may perceive a deterioration in call quality. Other control signalling e.g. power control, takes place between a mobile and a base station throughout a call. As more complex, digital, cellular radio systems, for example the Pan-European GSM system, are developed, the amount of control or background signalling required increases. This is because the overall aim is to improve the quality of the communication link and, in the case of voice telephony, this means the perceived quality of a telephone call to a user. As has already been pointed out, such background signalling can have exactly the opposite effect and reduce the perceived quality of a call. The present invention seeks to provide a cellular radio system in which the disruption caused by signalling is alleviated. According to the present invention, there is provided a cellular radio system having a plurality of base stations each for communicating with mobile stations in its vicinity, characterised by a base station having means for determining that voice or data communication between the base station and the mobile station has temporarily ceased, means for holding required signalling information while voice or data communication continues and means responsive to the determining means for initiating required signalling with the mobile station during a determined temporary cessation in the voice or data communication. The present invention makes use of the gaps or quiet periods in telephone calls to initiate signalling between a base station and a mobile station. A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:- Figure 1 is a block schematic diagram showing in general terms the major parts of a cellular radio system; Figure 2 illustrates the principle of operation of a preferred embodiment of the invention; Figure 3 illustrates the time of signalling in a cellular system in conjunction with a fixed network; and - Figure 4 is an algorithm for the procedures for implementing the preferred embodiment of the invention. Referring to Figure 1, the components of a cellular radio system generally include, on the one hand, a number of mobile stations (MS) and, on the other hand, a number of base stations (BS) connected to one or more mobile switching centres (MSC) which are connected to a network, for example a PSTN. In the example shown, which relates to a cellular system to the GSM standard, the base stations BS each have a number of base transceiver stations (BTS) connected to a common base site controller (BSC) which interfaces with the mobile switching centre(s) MSC. A more detailed description of the radio link (BS-MS) (GSM Air interface) and fixed (MSC-BS) interface (GSM interface "A") will be found in GSM recommendations. Such a cellular radio system is well known and will not be described in further detail. Generally speaking, the base site controller (BSC) has functionality which controls the radio resources at detailed level. Specifically for present purposes, the base site controller, BSC: receives and transmits signalling messages from and to the mobile station MS via the BTS across the air interface and to and from the mobile switching MSC; interprets those signalling messages which are concerned with radio resourse management, one of which is the handover command; and - performs the necessary transcoding function between the air interface coding algorithm for speech and the "A" law coding defined for the "A" interface. Referring to Figure 2, in a telephone conversation, speech occurs in bursts, with short periods of silence between them. The general principle of the preferred embodiment is to inject signalling between the base and mobile stations into the periods between bursts of speech in a call. In this way, the signalling has a reduced effect on the perceived quality of a call. Figure 3 illustrates in schematic terms the implementation of the general principle of the preferred embodiment. The base stations relay not only speech bursts from the network to the mobile stations, but also relay signalling information in signalling bursts. As will be seen in Figure 3, the signalling burst may come to the base station at the same time as a speech burst. The base station retrieves the signalling burst and queues the signalling burst until there is a period of silence, i.e. between, speech bursts, in which transmission of the signalling burst can begin. It may be that the signalling information needs to be transmitted from the base to the mobile within a certain period, even if there is no gap in the speech - for example, if the call is about to fail and handover is necessary. It may therefore be appropriate to have a timed control of the transmission of the signalling bursts in such circumstances. An example algorithm for this procedure is shown in Figure 4. Referring to Figure 4, in an initial state with mobile station supported on a traffic channel, the base site controller system is waiting, step SI, for a signalling burst for a mobile to arrive from the network. At some time a signalling message arrives, step S2. At this stage, a timer Tl is .started, step S3. The control system then awaits, step S4, a period of silence, i.e. between speech bursts, or expiry of timer Tl. Upon either the expiry of timer Tl, step S5, or a period of silence in the up and down links, step S6, the signalling message is sent to the mobile, step S7. Thereafter, the control system re-initiates the procedure from step Si. A number of signalling messages could be stored with separate timers operating for each, or one or more timer(s) for a group or groups of messages. The type and content of the signalling message being handled by the base site controller may affect the described procedure. For example, if the signalling message is a handover command, the base site controller may need to assess whether the message needs to be transmitted immediately to avoid call failure, delayed until a gap in speech occurs, or delayed for a limited period of time - c.f. procedure of Figure 4. Provided the base site controller is furnished with appropriate information, such a decision can properly be taken.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A cellular radio system having a plurality of base stations each for communicating with mobile stations in its vicinity, characterised by a base station having means for determining that voice or data communication between the base station and the mobile station has temporarily ceased, means for holding required signalling information while voice or data communication continues and means responsive to the determining means for initiating required signalling with the mobile station during a determined temporary cessation in the voice or data communication. 2. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the base station has timing means for initiating transmission of a signalling information to a mobile station a predetermined period after receipt of the message by the base station. 3. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the base station has means for assessing the urgency of this signalling message, and for transmitting the message or storing the message for the later transmission accordingly. 4. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the means for assessing urgency has means for assessing a priority code contained in the signalling message. 5. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the means for assessing urgency has means for interpreting the signalling message to assess the intended function of the message, so that the urgency of the message may be determined. 6. A cellular radio system for connection to a telephone network comprisingJ a plurality of base stations (BS), and at least one mobile switching centre (MSC) to which the base stations are connected, so that a mobile station (MS) can make a call to the network via one of the base stations V (BS) and the mobile switching centre (MSC), characterized in that at least one of the base stations (BS) has means for storing a signalling message sent from the mobile switching centre (MSC) for a mobile station (MS) during a call, means for assessing the state of communication with the mobile station to be signalled, and means for forwarding the stored signalling message from the base station to the mobile station during an assessed period of silence in the call. 7. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the base station has timing means for initiating transmission of a signalling message to a mobile station a predetermined period after receipt of the message by the base station. 8. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 6 or 7, wherein the base station has means for assessing the urgency of this signalling message, and for transmitting the message or storing the message for the later transmission accordingly. 9. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the means for assessing urgency has means for assessing a priority code contained in the signalling message. 10. A cellular radio system as claimed in Claim 8 where in the means for assessing urgency has means for interpreting the signalling message to assess the intended function of the message, so that the urgency of the message may be determined. 11. A cellular radio system substantially as herein described, and with reference to the accompanying drawings. 12. A base station for a cellular radio as claimed in any preceding claim. 13. A method of signalling in a cellular radio system comprising: holding required signalling information while voice or data communication continues; determining that voice or data communication between the base station and the mobile station has temporarily ceased; and initiating required signalling with the mobile station during a determined temporary cessation in the voice or data communication.

Inventors: KNIGHT PHILLIP, KNIGHT, PHILLIP
Applicants: TELECOM SEC CELLULAR RADIO LTD, TELECOM SECURICOR CELLULAR RADIO LIMITED
Application year: 1990
Main classification: H04Q7
IPC codes: H04W48, H04W72