Toner for use in electrophotography and its manufacturing process

Abstract: There is described an electrophotographic toner which comprises toner particles and an external additive of fine powder composed of particles coated with a homogeneous mixture of tin oxide and antimony, attached to the surface of the toner particles. The fine powder particles may be of silica, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide. The use of such an external additive improves the flowability of the toner enabling the production of images with a uniform density. In addition, the toner is stabilised by lowering the electrical resistance on the surface of the toner particles.

Description: The present invention relates to a developer for use in electrophotography and employed in electrophotographic apparatus such as copying machines of the electrostatic image transfer type and laser printers, and to its manufacture. Conventional toners for use in electrophotography (hereinafter referred to simply as toner) produced so as to eliminate the edge effect, i.e. the density of black solid image areas being lower in the center than at the periphery, and so as to prevent the image background being stained, are described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Applications Publication Nos. 1983-40557 and 1983-68047 (Tokukaisho Nos. 58-40557 and 58-68047). Such a toner is generally composed of toner particles produced by mixing, kneading, grinding and classifying different materials, and of an external additive attached to the surface of the toner particles. This external additive is composed of tin oxide or the like, has a conductivity control function and controls the electrostatic charge of the toner. The toner particles, when used in a two-component developer composed of toner particles and carrier particles, comprise internal additives such as binder resins for holding the different toner constituent materials together, and for fixing colorants on transfer paper, colorants for imparting color to the toner, electrostatic charge control agents for giving an electrostatic charge to the toner and surface lubricants for preventing the toner adhering to the heat rollers of the electrophotographic apparatus. The toner particles of a single-component developer that does not use carrier particles and where magnetic properties are imparted to the toner particles themselves, comprise internal additives such as binder resins, magnetic substances for imparting magnetic properties to the toner particles and colorants. However, when as in conventional products, tin oxide is added to the surface of the toner particles, the flowability of the toner is reduced and a bridge phenomenon (in which particles of toner bond to each other) occurs thereby impeding a smooth supply of toner. Conventional toner therefore presents the disadvantage that fine images cannot be obtained. In addition, in common copying machines of the electrostatic image transfer type, especially copying machines that employ an organic optical semiconductor as photoreceptor, the surface of the photoreceptor deteriorates in use due to ozone produced by the electrostatic charger. This causes the toner to form a film on the photoreceptor, and thereby the image to become unclear and fuzzy. JP-A-63146048 describes an electrophotographic developer manufactured by incorporating into the toner fine particles of titanium oxide electrostatically coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony. Similarly, JP-A-63200159 describes a developer containing toner and fine particles of titanium oxide coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony. However, those documents aimed to improve developer durability, but the relatively large size of the titanium oxide particles will cause the fine particles to be dispersed non-uniformly on the toner particles, adversely effecting flowability. Also, titanium oxide is a relatively expensive commodity. DE-A-3809217 describes the addition of metal oxide particles to a toner, the metal oxide particles being of silica, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide. However, the metal oxide particles have a relatively large particle size (corresponding to a surface area of 30 to 60 m²/g) and a high volume resistivity of at least 10⁶Ωcm. The present invention seeks to ensure a smooth supply of toner by improving the flowability of the toner, thereby to secure fine images. The invention seeks also to prevent that toner forming a film on the photoreceptor, thereby to secure clear images. A toner for use in electrophotography in accordance with the present invention comprises toner particles and an external additive on the surface of the toner particles constituted by a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.005 to 0.5µm composed of particles of silica, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide coated with a homogenous mixture of tin oxide and antimony in a weight ratio of 100:3 to 100:20 for controlling the electrostatic charge of the toner. In the above constitution, the use of the fine powder composed of oxide particles coated with the tin oxide and antimony mixture significantly enhances the flowability of the toner and thus enables a smooth supply of toner. As a result, fine images having a uniform density may be obtained. In addition, when silica fine powder is employed as external additive, the inexpensive price of silica permits an efficient use of the conductivity of the costly tin oxide and antimony. Further, when cerium oxide is employed as external additive, the surface of the photoreceptor is polished due to the polishing action of the cerium oxide. The formation of a film of toner on the photoreceptor is thus prevented and clear images are obtained. The invention and its various advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the ensuing description. The invention will be described in details in the following examples and comparative examples. EXAMPLE 1 Toner particles composing a toner for use in electrophotography (herein after referred to simply as toner) of the present example comprise for example the following internal additives: binder resin, colorant, electrostatic charge controlling agent and wax as surface lubricant. Silica fine powder that is composed of silica particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. The mixture of tin oxide and antimony should preferably be such that tin oxide and antimony are homogeneously distributed and such as to have a proper solid solution. The mixing ratio of tin oxide : antimony should normally be equal to 100:3 to 100:20, and preferably equal to 100:5 to 100:15. The average particle size of the silica particles coated with tin oxide and antimony should normally be not more than 1µm, preferably be equal to 0.005µm to 0.5µm. The optimum particle size is equal to 0.01µm to 0.07µm. The amount of the tin oxide and antimony mixture coated on the silica particles should normally be comprised within 20% by weight to 200% by weight, and preferably within 40% by weight to 170% by weight with respect to the silica fine powder. The optimum amount of the tin oxide and antimony mixture coated on the silica particles is equal to 60% by weight to 140% by weight with respect to the silica fine powder. The specific electric resistivity of the silica fine powder composed of the silica particles coated with the tin oxide and antimony mixture, and produced as described above, is approximately equal to 10Ωcm to 10³Ωcm. Styrene, styrene-acrylic, polystyrene, polyester, epoxy resins or other resins, may be employed as binder resin. Known pigments and dyes such as carbon black, copper phthalocyanine blue, azo dye and the like, may be used as colorant. Nigrosine dyes, quaternary ammonium salt, or the like may used as electrostatic charge control agent. The wax employed may be low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene or the like. The manufacturing process of a toner for use in electrophotography in accordance with the present example and having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, styrene-acrylic 87 parts by weight, carbon black 7 parts by weight, a nigrosine dye 4 parts by weight and low molecular weight polypropylene 2 parts by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing toner particles having an average particle size of 11µm. Then, silica fine powder is homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above, thereby producing a toner having a positive electrostatic charge. The above silica fine powder is composed of silica particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony is equal to 10:1), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.03µm. The amount of silica fine powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were formed consecutively using a two-component developer produced by mixing 6 parts by weight of a toner manufactured as described above, and a carrier composed of iron powder coated with silicon and having an average particle size of 95µm. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 2 Toner particles composing a toner for use in electrophotography in accordance with the present example comprise for example the following internal additives: binder resin, colorant, electrostatic charge controlling agent, wax and other agents. Silica fine powder that is composed of silica particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. A manufacturing process of a toner for use in electrophotography in accordance to the present example and having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, styrene-acrylic 88 parts by weight, carbon black 6 parts by weight, quaternary ammonium salt 4 parts by weight, low molecular weight polypropylene 1 part by weight, and low molecular weight polyethylene 1 part by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing toner particles having an average particle size of 10µm. Then, silica fine powder is homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above and toner is produced. The above silica fine powder is composed of silica particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony equals 100:12), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.05µm. The amount of silica fine powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were formed consecutively using a two-component developer produced by mixing 6 parts by weight of a toner manufactured as described above, and 94 parts by weight of a carrier composed of ferrite coated with silicon and having an average particle size of 100µm. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 3 Toner particles composing a toner for use in electrophotography in accordance with the present example comprise, for example, the following internal additives: binder resin, magnetic substance, colorant, and other agents. Silica fine powder that is composed of silica particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. In this case, a magnetic material such as magnetite or other material needs to be added as magnetic substance. The amount of the magnetic material is substantially equal to 25 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of binder resin. A manufacturing process of a toner used in electrophotography in accordance with the present example and having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, polyethylene 70 parts by weight, and magnetite 30 parts by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing magnetic toner particles having an average particle size equal to 12µm. Then, silica fine powder is homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above, thereby producing a single component magnetic toner. The above silica fine powder is composed of silica particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony equals 10:1), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.04µm. The amount of silica powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were consecutively formed using a developer composed of a toner produced as described above. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 4 Toner particles composing a toner for use in electrophotography (herein after referred to simply as toner) of the present example comprise for example the following internal additives: binder resin, colorant, electrostatic charge controlling agent and wax as surface lubricant. Aluminum oxide fine powder that is composed of aluminum oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. The mixture of tin oxide and antimony should preferably be such that tin oxide and antimony are homogeneously distributed and such as to have a proper solid solution. The mixing ratio of tin oxide : antimony should normally be equal to 100:3 to 100:20, and preferably equal to 100:5 to 100:15. The average particle size of the aluminum oxide particles coated with tin oxide and antimony should normally be not more than 1µm, preferably be equal to 0.005µm to 0.5µm. The optimum particle size is equal to 0.01µm to 0.07µm. The amount of the tin oxide and antimony mixture coated on the aluminum oxide particles should normally be comprised within 20% by weight to 200% by weight, and preferably within 40% by weight to 170% by weight with respect to the aluminum oxide fine powder. The optimum amount of the tin oxide and antimony mixture coated on the aluminum oxide particles is equal to 60% by weight to 140% by weight with respect to the aluminum oxide fine powder. Styrene, styrene-acrylic, polystyrene, polyester, epoxy resins or other resins, may be employed as binder resin. Known pigments and dyes such as carbon black, copper phthalocyanine blue, azo dye and the like, may be used as colorant. Nigrosine dyes, quaternary ammonium salt, or the like may used as electrostatic charge control agent. The wax employed may be low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene or the like. The manufacturing process of the toner having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, styrene-acrylic 87 parts by weight, carbon black 7 parts by weight, a nigrosine dye 4 parts by weight and low molecular weight polypropylene 2 parts by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing toner particles having an average particle size of 11µm. Then, aluminum oxide fine powder is homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above, thereby producing a toner having a positive electrostatic charge. The above aluminum oxide fine powder is composed of aluminum oxide particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony is equal to 10:1), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.03µm. The amount of aluminum oxide fine powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were formed consecutively using a two-component developer produced by mixing 6 parts by weight of a toner manufactured as described above, and a carrier composed of iron powder coated with silicon and having an average particle size of 95µm. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 5 Toner particles composing a toner in accordance with the present example comprise for example the following internal additives: binder resin, colorant, electrostatic charge controlling agent, wax and other agents. Aluminum oxide fine powder that is composed of aluminum oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added on the surface of the toner particles. A manufacturing process of the toner having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, styrene-acrylic 88 parts by weight, carbon black 6 parts by weight, quaternary ammonium salt 4 parts by weight, low molecular weight polypropylene 1 part by weight, and low molecular weight polyethylene 1 part by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing toner particles having an average particle size of 10µm. Then, aluminum oxide fine powder is homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above and toner is produced. The above aluminum oxide fine powder is composed of aluminum oxide particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony equals 100:12), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.05µm. The amount of aluminum oxide fine powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were formed consecutively using a two-component developer produced by mixing 6 parts by weight of a toner manufactured as described above, and 94 parts by weight of a carrier composed of ferrite coated with silicon and having an average particle size of 100µm. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 6 Toner particles composing a toner in accordance with the present example comprise, for example, the following internal additives: binder resin, magnetic substance, colorant, and other agents. Aluminum oxide fine powder that is composed of aluminum oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. In this case, a magnetic material such as magnetite or other material needs to be added as magnetic substance. The amount of the magnetic material is substantially equal to 25 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of binder resin. A manufacturing process of the toner having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, polyethylene 70 parts by weight, and magnetite 30 parts by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing magnetic toner particles having an average particle size equal to 12µm. Then, aluminum oxide fine powder is homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above, thereby producing a single component magnetic toner. The above aluminum oxide fine powder is composed of aluminum oxide particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony equals 10:1), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.04µm. The amount of aluminum oxide powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were consecutively formed using a developer composed of a toner fabricated as described above. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 7 Toner particles composing a toner for use in electrophotography (herein after referred to simply as toner) of the present example comprise for example the following internal additives: binder resin, colorant, electrostatic charge controlling agent and wax as surface lubricant. Cerium oxide fine powder that is composed of cerium oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. The mixture of tin oxide and antimony should preferably be such that tin oxide and antimony are homogeneously distributed and such as to have a proper solid solution. The mixing ratio of tin oxide : antimony should normally be equal to 100:3 to 100:20, and preferably equal to 100:5 to 100:15. The average particle size of the cerium oxide particles coated with tin oxide and antimony should normally be not more than 1µm, preferably be equal to 0.005µm to 0.5µm. The optimum particle size is equal to 0.01µm to 0.07µm. The amount of the tin oxide and antimony mixture coated on the cerium oxide particles should normally be comprised within 20% by weight to 200% by weight, and preferably within 40% by weight to 170% by weight with respect to the cerium oxide fine powder. The optimum amount of the tin oxide and antimony mixture coated on the cerium oxide particles is equal to 60% by weight to 140% by weight with respect to the cerium oxide fine powder. Styrene, styrene-acrylic, polystyrene, polyester, epoxy resins or other resins, may be employed as binder resin. Known pigments and dyes such as carbon black, copper phthalocyanine blue, azo dye and the like, may be used as colorant. Nigrosine dyes, quaternary ammonium salt, or the like may used as electrostatic charge control agent. The wax employed may be low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene or the like. The manufacturing process of the toner having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, styrene-acrylic 87 parts by weight, carbon black 7 parts by weight, a nigrosine dye 4 parts by weight and low molecular weight polypropylene 2 parts by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing toner particles having an average particle size of 11µm. Then, cerium oxide fine powder and hydrophobic silica having an average particle size of 0.015µm are homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above, thereby producing a toner having a positive electrostatic charge. The above cerium oxide fine powder is composed of cerium oxide particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony is equal to 10:1), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.03µm. The amount of cerium oxide fine powder is 1 part by weight and the amount of hydrophobic silica is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were formed consecutively using a two-component developer produced by mixing 6 parts by weight of a toner manufactured as described above, and a carrier composed of iron powder coated with silicon and having an average particle size of 95µm. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 8 Toner particles composing a toner in accordance with the present example comprise for example the following internal additives: binder resin, colorant, electrostatic charge controlling agent, wax and other agents. Cerium oxide fine powder that is composed of cerium oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added on the surface of the toner particles. A manufacturing process of the toner having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, styrene-acrylic 88 parts by weight, carbon black 6 parts by weight, quaternary ammonium salt 4 parts by weight, low molecular weight polypropylene 1 part by weight, and low molecular weight polyethylene 1 part by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing toner particles having an average particle size of 10µm. Then, cerium oxide fine powder and hydrophobic silica having an average particle size of 0.015µm are homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above and toner is produced. The above cerium oxide fine powder is composed of cerium oxide particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony equals 100:12), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.05µm. The amount of cerium oxide fine powder is 1 part by weight and the amount of hydrophobic silica is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were formed consecutively using a two-component developer produced by mixing 6 parts by weight of a toner manufactured as described above, and 94 parts by weight of a carrier composed of ferrite coated with silicon and having an average particle size of 100µm. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. EXAMPLE 9 Toner particles composing a toner in accordance with the present example comprise, for example, the following internal additives: binder resin, magnetic substance, colorant, and other agents. Cerium oxide fine powder that is composed of cerium oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is added externally on the surface of the toner particles. In this case, a magnetic material such as magnetite or other material needs to be added as magnetic substance. The amount of the magnetic material is approximately equal to 25 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of binder resin. A manufacturing process of the toner having the above-mentioned constitution, will be described hereinbelow. First, polyethylene 70 parts by weight, and magnetite 30 parts by weight are melted and kneaded in a kneader, cooled and then undergo a grinding and classification process, thereby producing magnetic toner particles having an average particle size equal to 12µm. Then, cerium oxide fine powder and titanium oxide fine powder are homogeneously mixed and added externally to the toner particles produced as described above, thereby producing a single component magnetic toner. The above cerium oxide fine powder is composed of cerium oxide particles that are coated with a tin oxide and antimony mixture (where the ratio tin oxide : antimony equals 10:1), and that have an average particle size equal to 0.04µm. The amount of cerium oxide powder is 1 part by weight and the amount of titanium oxide fine powder is 1 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of toner particles. 10000 images were consecutively formed using a developer composed of a toner fabricated as described above. Fine images having no spot in the background and having a uniform density, were obtained. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 A two-component developer was produced with a toner to which particles, the silica fine powder of the example 1 that is composed of silica particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is not added. 10000 images were formed consecutively using the above developer. Spots were found in the background of the images, and the density of the images was irregular. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 A two-component developer was produced with a toner to which particles, the aluminum oxide fine powder of the example 4 that is composed of aluminum oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is not added. 10000 images were formed consecutively using the above developer. Spots were found in the background of the images, and the density of the images was irregular. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 A two-component developer was produced with a toner to which particles, the cerium oxide fine powder of the example 7 that is composed of cerium oxide particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony, is not added. 10000 images were formed consecutively using the above developer. Spots were found in the background of the images, the density of the images was irregular, and images were unclear. A toner for use in electrophotography in accordance with the present invention comprises an external additive that controls the electrostatic charge thereof, and that is constituted by silica fine powder composed of silica particles coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony. As a result, the electric resistance lowers due to the conductive external additive (from, for example 10Ωcm to 10³Ωcm) and the toner is stabilized. The edge effect that occurs in black solid areas of the images is thus eliminated and the background of the image stays unstained. In addition, the use of the silica fine powder composed of silica particles coated with tin oxide and antimony, significantly improves the flowability of the toner and thereby enables a smooth supply of toner. Fine images having a uniform density may be thus obtained with an electrophotographic apparatus. Moreover, silica particles are used as core material for the external additive, and the inexpensive price of silica permits an efficient use of the conductivity of the costly tin oxide and antimony. Aluminum oxide fine powder, or cerium oxide fine powder may be used instead of the above silica fine powder. When cerium oxide particles are used as core material for the external additive, the surface of the photoreceptor is polished due to the polishing action of the cerium oxide. The formation of a film of toner on the photoreceptor can be thus prevented with certainty and fine and clear images can be obtained.

Claims: A toner for use in electrophotography comprising: toner particles; and an external additive on the surface of the toner particles constituted by a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.005 to 0.5µm composed of particles of silica, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide coated with a homogeneous mixture of tin oxide and antimony in a weight ratio of 100:3 to 100:20 for controlling the electrostatic charge of the toner. An toner according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of tin oxide to antimony is 100:5 to 100:15, and wherein the average particle size of the fine powder is 0.01 to 0.07µm. A toner according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the tin oxide/antimony mixture is coated on the fine powder particles in an amount of 20 to 200% by weight based on the fine powder particles. A toner according to claim 3, wherein the tin oxide/antimony mixture is coated on the fine powder particles in an amount of 40 to 170% by weight based on the fine powder particles. A toner according to claim 4, wherein the tin oxide/antimony mixture is coated on the fine powder particles in an amount of 60 to 140% by weight based on the fine powder particles. A toner according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, wherein the silica has a specific electric resistivity of 10 to 10³Ωcm. A toner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the toner particles include a magnetic material which imparts magnetism to the toner, the amount of magnetic material being from 25 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of binder resin in the toner. A method for manufacturing a toner according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of: melting and kneading a binder resin, a colorant, an electrostatic charge control agent and a wax; cooling and then grinding and classifying the kneaded matter to produce toner particles; and homogeneously mixing the toner particles with a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.005 to 0.5µm and composed of particles of silica, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony in a weight ratio of 100:3 to 100:20 to produce a toner having a positive electrostatic charge. A method for manufacturing a toner according to claim 7, the method comprising the steps of: melting and kneading a binder resin and a magnetic material; cooling and then grinding and classifying the kneaded matter to produce magnetic toner particles; and homogeneously mixing the magnetic toner particles with a fine powder having an average particle size of 0.005 to 0.5µm and composed of particles of silica, aluminum oxide or cerium oxide coated with a mixture of tin oxide and antimony mixture in a weight ratio of 100:3 to 100:20, to produce a toner.

Inventors: IWAI SHOUGO, NAKAMURA TADASHI, IWAI, SHOUGO, NAKAMURA, TADASHI
Applicants: SHARP KK, SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G03G9
IPC codes: G03G9