Binary signal detector

Abstract: A binary signal detector includes a delay circuit (200) for delaying an analog signal ( r in Fig. 7A) reproduced from an optical disk (1) by a predetermined period of time so as to output a delayed analog signal ( d in Fig. 7B) which is delayed from the change in level of the analog signal ( r ) and varies in proportion to the level change, a reference signal generator (100 or 101) for providing an analog reference signal ( ℓ ) which changes in proportion to the level change of the analog signal ( r ) and has a larger amplitude than the delayed analog signal ( d ), and a comparator (33) for comparing the level of the analog reference signal ( ℓ ) with that of the delayed analog signal (d), and generating a binary output ( t in Fig. 7C) having a logic level corre­ sponding to the binary data when the signal level of the analog reference signal ( ℓ ) is different from that of the delayed analog signal ( d ).

Description: The present invention relates to a device for detecting an accurate binary signal from a reproduction output having level variations in a disk apparatus for recording/reproducing data in/from, e.g., an optical disk. As is well known, various types of disk apparatuses for recording data in an optical disk or reading data recorded in the optical disk by using a laser beam emitted from, e.g., a semiconductor laser have been developed. In the above-mentioned optical disk apparatuses, in order to standardize optical disks, a characteristic data record area is arranged outside a record area (i.e., a region in an inner circumferential portion where no guide grooves and servo bytes are present) of each optical disk. As characteristic data to be recorded in this area, mode data (corresponding to specifications) called a control track is considered. Such control tracks as bar codes are to be commonly recorded in optical disks available from any manufacturers. Data such as a reflectivity, writing/reading laser power, the number of sectors per track (360°) of an optical disk are to be recorded in this control track to determine read and write modes (specifications). In a conventional optical disk apparatus, although methods of accurately reading control tracks have been studied, no study has been made on methods of accurately reading control tracks in a region having no guide grooves and servo bytes in consideration of eccentricity. The conventional apparatus, therefore, has the following drawback. If eccentricity of an optical disk is large, a control track (characteristic data) recorded in the characteristic data record area having no guide grooves and servo bytes cannot be accurately read. Prior art document PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 10, no. 48, (P-431)(2105) 25 February 1986 & JP-A-60 193 143, discloses an optical disk wherein identification information on the manufacturer's serial number of the disk, etc., is recorded on a vapor-deposited film. First and the second disk manufacturer' serial numbers are recorded at the inner periphery of the disk so as to utilize an information area effectively. The first serial number has one digit expressed with a four-bit BCD code and respective bits are recorded to such length that there is no influence of a defect in vapor deposition of the recording film. Both serial numbers and start and end signals limit the recording film vapor-deposition area at the inner periphery. A shield material in a slit shape is fitted to attain recording by utilizing whether the recording film is present or not. When this disk is inspected, it is loaded and rotated by a disk motor and an optical means is used for the first serial number, start signal and end signal to read the information. The second serial number is utilized when the man reads it and identifies the disk. It is the first object of the present invention to provide a binary signal detector which can generate a binary signal accurately corresponding to binary data of an analog signal by using the analog signal even if the analog signal is subjected to level variations. It is the second object of the present invention to provide an optical disk apparatus which can accurately extract binary data recorded in a disk from a binary data reproduction output (analog signal) from an optical disk even if the reproduction output suffers from level variations due to eccentricity of the optical disk. It is the third object of the present invention to provide a disk apparatus which can accurately read characteristic data from a signal having level variations such as a reproduction signal of characteristic data of a record area having no guide grooves and servo bytes. To solve these objects the present invention provides a reproduction apparatus as specified in claim 1. In order to achieve the first object, there is provided a binary signal detector comprising a delay circuit for delaying an analog signal reproduced from an optical disk or the like by a predetermined period of time so as to output a delayed analog signal which is delayed from the change in level of the analog signal and varies in proportion to the level change, a reference signal generator for providing an analog reference signal proportional to the level change of the analog signal and having a larger amplitude than the delayed analog signal, and a comparator for comparing a level of the analog reference signal with that of delayed analog signal, and generating a binary output having a logic level corresponding to the binary data when the signal level of the analog reference signal is different from that of the delayed analog signal. In order to achieve the second and third objects, there is provided a disk apparatus comprising an optical head for detecting light obtained by radiating light on a disk having a data record area in which data as storage data is recorded and a characteristic data record area in which characteristic data as mode data is recorded in a region having no guide grooves and servo bytes, and for performing photoelectric conversion of the detected light; means for moving the optical head into the data record area or the characteristic data record area of the disk; means for detecting a lower edge of a photoelectric conversion output from the optical head when the optical head is moved into the characteristic data record area of the disk by the moving means; means for delaying a detection output from the lower edge detecting means; and means for reading the characteristic data by comparing the detection output from the lower edge detecting means with a delay signal from the delaying means, and obtaining a binary value upon comparison. The optical head detects light obtained by radiating light on a disk. The disk has a data record area, in which data as storage data is recorded, and a characteristic data record area, in which characteristic data recorded as mode data is recorded in a region having no guide grooves and servo bytes. The optical head performs photoelectric conversion of the detected light. The optical head is moved into the data record area of the characteristic data record area of the disk by means of the moving means. When the optical head is moved into the characteristic data record area of the disk by the moving means, the lower edge of a photoelectric conversion output from the optical head is detected by the lower edge detecting means. This detection output is then delayed by the delay means, and the detection output from the lower edge detecting means and the delay signal from the delay means are compared with each other to obtain a binary value, thereby reading the characteristic data. This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment wherein a binary signal detector of the present invention is applied to an optical disk apparatus; Fig. 1A is a circuit diagram showing a basic arrangement of the binary signal detector of the present invention; Fig. 1B is a circuit diagram showing another basic arrangement of the binary signal detector of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an arrangement of a disk apparatus; Fig. 3 is a view for explaining a control track of an optical disk; Fig. 4 is a view showing an arrangement of bits in a control track; Fig. 5 is a view for explaining pit strings corresponding to bit data in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a view for explaining an arrangement of a control track; and Figs. 7A to 7C are timing charts showing signal waveforms at the respective components of a control track reader. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 2 shows a disk apparatus. Grooves (record tracks) are spirally formed in a surface of optical disk (disk) 1. Optical disk 1 is rotated at, e.g., a constant speed by motor 2. Motor 2 is controlled by spindle motor controller 18. Optical disk 1 has a size of, e.g., 5.25 inches (about 13.3 cm) and is designed such that a metal coating layer consisting of tellurium or bismuth, i.e., a recording layer, is coated on a surface of a circular glass or plastic substrate in the form of a doughnut, and notched portions, i.e., reference position marks, are formed near the center of the metal coating layer. In addition, as shown in Fig. 3, data record area 1a and characteristic data record area 1b are formed on optical disk 1. Guide grooves (record tracks) are formed in the data record area 1a. characteristic data record area 1b is formed closer to the center of optical disk 1 than data record area 1a and includes no guide grooves and servo bytes. Control track C is to be recorded in characteristic data record area 1b in advance in the process of manufacturing optical disk 1. Three sets of identical characteristic data are formed on control track C per revolution in the form of bar code data in the circumferential direction. This characteristic data includes the characteristics (reflectivity) of a film of optical disk 1, the recording/reproducing power of a semiconductor laser, a format (the number of sectors per revolution), and the like. Above-mentioned continuity and discontinuity of pit strings and is radially recorded in the radial direction of optical disk 1. The recording position of control track C is defined by the distance from the center of optical disk 1 (radial position). For example, above-mentioned control track C is recorded between a position 29.0 mm away from the center and a position 29.3 mm away from the center. Note that any one of the CAV (constant angular velocity), CLV (constant length velocity), and MCAV (modified CAV) recording schemes can be employed as a recording scheme for the optical disk shown in Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 4, control track C is constituted by three sectors. Each sector is constituted by a gap, a preamble, a sync signal, characteristic data, sector/track address data, CRC check data, and the like. One-bit data of control track C is designed as follows. As shown in Fig. 5, if 82 pits constituting a pit string are continuously formed in the first half of a given bit portion, "0" is determined. If they are formed in the second half, "1" is determined. In addition, one-bit data of control track C is designed as follows. As shown in Fig. 6, if a plurality of pit strings are present in 328 channel bits of the first half of a given bit portion, "0" is determined. If they are present in 328 channel bits of the second half, "1" is determined. Above-mentioned data record area 1a is divided into a plurality of sectors with reference to the reference marks. Variable length data are recorded on optical disk 1 over a plurality of blocks. 300,000 blocks are formed on 36,000 tracks on optical disk 1. Information is recorded/reproduced on/from optical disk 1 by optical head 3. Optical head 3 is fixed to drive coil 13 constituting a movable portion of a linear motor. Drive coil 13 is connected to linear motor controller 17. Linear motor position detector 26 is connected to linear motor controller 17. Upon detection of optical scale 25 arranged on optical head 3, linear motor position detector 26 outputs a position signal. In addition, a permanent magnet (not shown) is arranged on the stationary portion of the linear motor so that when drive coil 13 is excited by linear motor controller 17, optical head 3 is moved in the radial direction of optical disk 1. Objective lens 6 is held on optical head 3 by a wire or a leaf spring (not shown). Objective lens 6 is moved in the focusing direction (the direction of the optical axis of lens 6) by drive coil 5 and is moved in the tracking direction (the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of lens 6). A laser beam generated by semiconductor laser 9 driven by laser controller 14 is radiated on optical disk 1 through collimator lens 11a, half prism 11b, and objective lens 6. The laser beam reflected by optical disk 1 is guided to photodetector 8 through half prism 11b, condenser lens 10a, and cylindrical lens 10b. Photodetector 8 is constituted by four identical photodetector cells 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d. Since an objective lens driving unit using wires 4 and 5 is known from, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 61-284591, a description thereof will be omitted. An output signal from photodetector cell 8a of photodetector 8 is supplied to one terminal of each of adders 30a and 30c through amplifier 12a. An output signal from photodetector cell 8b is supplied to one terminal of each of adders 30b and 30d through amplifier 12b. An output signal from photodetector cell 8c is supplied to the other terminal of each of adders 30b and 30c through amplifier 12c. An output signal from photodetector cell 8d is supplied to the other terminal of each of adders 30a and 30d through amplifier 12d. An output signal from adder 30a is supplied to the inverting input terminal of differential amplifier OP1. An output signal from adder 30b is supplied to the non-inverting input terminal of differential amplifier OP1. As a result, differential amplifier OP1 supplies a track difference signal corresponding to a difference between the outputs from adders 30a and 30b to tracking controller 16. Tracking controller 16 generates a track drive signal in accordance with the track difference signal supplied from differential amplifier OP1. The track drive signal output from tracking control circuit 16 is supplied to drive coil 4 for driving objective lens 6 in the tracking direction. In addition, the track difference signal used by tracking controller 16 is supplied to linear motor controller 17. An output signal from adder 30c is supplied to the inverting input terminal of differential amplifier OP2. An output signal from adder 30d is supplied to the noninverting input terminal of differential amplifier OP2. As a result, differential amplifier OP2 supplies a signal associated with a focal point to focusing controller 15 in accordance with a difference between the outputs from adders 30c and 30d. An output signal from focusing controller 15 is supplied to focusing drive coil 5 to control a laser beam to be always radiated on optical disk 1 in an in-focus state. Sum signals of outputs from photodetector cells 8a to 8d of photodetector 8, i.e., output signals from adders 30a and 30b, which are obtained after focusing and tracking are performed in the above-described manner, reflect a three-dimensional pattern of pits (recorded data) formed in a track. Such a signal is supplied to video circuit 19 to reproduce image data and address data (a track number, a sector number, and the like). The reproduction signal reproduced by video signal 19 is output to optical disk apparatus 71 as an external unit through interface 70. The output signals from adders 30a and 30b are also supplied to control track reader 31. Control track reader 31 outputs a binary signal corresponding to recorded data of control track C in accordance with the output signals from adders 30a and 30b. When control track C is to be accessed, the binary signal is output to CPU 23 (to be described later). When control track C is to be accessed, CPU 23 moves optical head 3 from the innermost circumference of optical disk 1. When optical head 3 is moved by a distance corresponding to a scale of 11.5 of optical scale 25, CPU 23 determines that the position of optical head 3 corresponds to a portion near the center of control track C, and stops optical head 3. At this time, CPU 23 reads the characteristic data of control track C by checking the time interval between high level and low level of a binary signal supplied from a comparator (to be described later) of control track reader 30, and performs a control operation corresponding to the read characteristic data. That is, CPU 23 can perform control operations corresponding to various specifications (manufacturers) of optical disks 1. The disk apparatus of this embodiment further includes a D/A converter 22 for data communication among focusing controller 15, tracking controller 16, linear motor controller 17, and CPU 23. Tracking controller 16 moves objective lens 6 in accordance with a track jump signal supplied from CPU 23 through D/A converter 22 so as to move a laser beam by a distance corresponding to one track. Laser controller 14, focusing controller 15, tracking controller 16, linear motor controller 17, spindle motor controller 18, video circuit 19, and the like are controlled by CPU 23 through bus line 20. CPU 23 is designed to perform a predetermined operation in accordance with a program stored in memory 24. As shown in Fig. 1, control track reader 31 is constituted by adder 31a, lower edge detector 31b, and binary value generator 31c. Lower edge detector 31b comprises amplifier 32 and an integrator constituted by diode D1 and capacitor C1. Binary value generator 31c comprises diodes D2 and D3, resistor R1, capacitor C2, and comparator 33. The integrator (D1, C1) serves to remove noise (n) from signal r shown in Fig. 7A. Adder 31a adds the output signals from adders 30a and 30b together so as to output reproduction signal r corresponding to the sum of detection signals from photodetector cells 8a to 8d. Lower edge detector 31b outputs a lower edge detection signal (a signal obtained by detecting a dark level peak of reproduction signal r ) ℓ from adder 31a. In binary value generator 31c, comparator 33 compares lower edge detection signal ℓ from lower edge detector 31b with delay signal d obtained by delaying lower edge detection signal ℓ . If lower edge detection signal ℓ > delay signal d , comparator 33 outputs a signal of "H" level. If lower edge signal ℓ > delay signal d , comparator 33 outputs a signal of "L" level. With this operation, binary value generator 31c outputs binary signal t corresponding to the recorded data of control track C to CPU 23. For example, lower edge detection signal ℓ (see Fig. 7B) is detected from reproduction signal r shown in Fig. 7A, and signal ℓ is converted into a binary value by comparing lower edge detection signal ℓ with delay signal d obtained by delaying lower edge detection signal ℓ , thereby obtaining binary signal t (see Fig. 7C). A reading operation for control track C in the above-described arrangement will be described below. Assume that a command for access to control track C is supplied from optical disk controller 7 to CPU 23. CPU 23 then controls linear motor controller 17 to move optical head 3 outward from the innermost circumference of optical disk 1. When linear motor 41 moves optical head 3 by a distance corresponding to a scale of 11.5, i.e., a laser beam from optical head 3 corresponds to a position near the center of control track C, CPU 23 stops optical head 3. Subsequently, CPU 23 causes semiconductor laser 9 to emit a laser beam. The laser beam emitted from semiconductor laser 9 is radiated on optical disk 1 through collimator lens 11a, half prism 11b, and objective lens 6. The laser beam reflected by optical disk 1 is guided to photodetector 8 through half prism 11b, condenser lens 10a, and cylindrical lens 10b. An output signal from photodetector cell 8a of photodetector 8 is supplied to one terminal of each of adders 30a and 30c through amplifier 12a. An output signal from photodetector cell 8b is supplied to one terminal of each of adders 30b and 30d through amplifier 12b. An output signal from photodetector cell 8c is supplied to the other terminal of each of adders 30b and 30c through amplifier 12c. An output signal from photodetector cell 8d is supplied to the other terminal of each of adders 30a and 30d through amplifier 12d. In this state, signals from adders 30a and 30b are supplied to adder 31a. Adder 31a then outputs reproduction signal r (shown in Fig. 7A) corresponding to the sum of the detection signals from photodetector cells 8a to 8d to lower edge detector 31b. Lower edge detector 31b detects the lower edge of reproduction signal r from adder 31a and outputs lower edge detection signal ℓ (indicated by a solid curve in Fig. 7B) to binary value generator 31c. In binary value generator 31c, comparator 33 compares lower edge detection signal ℓ from lower edge detector 31b with delay signal d (indicated by a dotted curve in Fig. 7B) obtained by delaying lower edge detection signal ℓ . If lower edge detection signal ℓ > delay signal d , comparator 33 outputs a signal of "H" level. If lower edge detection signal ℓ < delay signal d , comparator 33 outputs a signal of "L" level. With this operation, binary value generator 31c outputs binary signal t (see Fig. 7C) corresponding to the recorded data of control track C to CPU 23. At this time, CPU 23 reads the characteristic data of control track C by checking the time interval between high level and low level of binary signal t supplied from comparator 33 in control track reader 31, and performs a control operation corresponding to the read characteristic data. That is, CPU 23 performs control operations corresponding to various specifications (manufacturers) of different optical disks 1. For example, control is performed in accordance with specifications corresponding to the characteristics (reflectivity) of optical disk 1, the recording/reproducing power of a semiconductor laser, a format (the number of sectors per revolution), and the like. As described above, in the present invention, a dark level peak of a reproduction signal is detected, and tha peak signal is compared with a delay signal obtained delaying the peak signal so as to convert the reproduction signal into a binary value, thereby reproducing an accurate binary signal. With this operation, the characteristic data of a control track in a characteristic data record area where no guide grooves and servo bytes are present can be read without being influenced by eccentricity and the like. Even if an eccentricity amount varies depending on a type of optical disk, the characteristic data of a control track can be reliably read. Fig. 1 shows an arrangement of an optical disk apparatus to which a binary signal detector according to the present invention is applied. The present invention can be widely applied to cases wherein binary data is to be accurately detected from an analog signal having level variations without being influenced by the level variations. Figs. 1A and 1B show basic arrangements of such a general-purpose binary signal detector. A binary signal detector shown in Fig. 1A comprises: delay circuit 200 for delaying analog signal s (corresponding to signal r in Fig. 7A) having level variations by a predetermined period of time so as to output delayed analog signal d (Fig. 7B) which is delayed from a change in the level of analog signal s and changes in proportion to the level change of analog signal s ; amplifier 100 for amplifying analog signal s at amplification k > 1, and providing analog reference signal ℓ having a larger amplitude than delayed analog signal d ; and comparator 33 for comparing the level of analog reference signal ℓ with that of delayed analog signal d , and generating binary output t (Fig. 7C) having a logic level corresponding to the binary data when the signal level of analog reference signal ℓ is different from that of delayed analog signal d (e.g., ℓ > d). A binary signal detector shown in Fig. 1B comprises: delay circuit 200 for delaying analog signal s having level variations by a predetermined period of time so as to output delayed analog signal d* which is delayed from a change in the level of analog signal s and changes in proportion to the level change of analog signal s ; amplifier 101 for amplifying delayed analog signal d* at amplification k < 1 (i.e., attenuating), and providing delayed analog signal d having a smaller amplitude than delayed analog signal d*; and comparator 33 for comparing the level of analog signal s with that of delayed analog signal d , and generating binary output t having a logic level corresponding to the binary data when the signal level of analog signal s is different from that of delayed analog signal d (e.g., s > d). In both the detectors shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, since an input signal (s, ℓ) having level variations is compared with a comparison signal (d) having level variations similar to those of the input signal and having a timing slightly delayed with respect to the input signal, the relative level variations between the input signal (s, ℓ) and the comparison signal (d) are canceled. Therefore, the comparison result of these signals accurately represents the binary data without being influenced by the signal level variations. As has been described in detail above, according to the present invention, there is provided a disk apparatus which can accurately read characteristic data in a characteristic data record area where no guide grooves and servo bytes are present.

Claims: A reproduction apparatus for reproducing information from an optical recording medium (1) in accordance with data representative of characteristics of the optical recording medium (1) which are recorded thereon, said apparatus comprising: means (3) for irradiating an incident light beam onto the optical recording medium (1) and generating an analog signal (r) corresponding to said data by receiving a reflected light beam from the optical recording medium; characterized in that the apparatus further comprises: means (31b) for performing a lower edge detection on the analog signal (r) and for outputting a lower edge detection signal (s) substantially corresponding to the lower edge of the analog signal (r); means (200) for delaying the lower edge detection signal (s) by a predetermined period of time so as to output a delayed analog signal (d); means (100 or 101) for providing an analog reference signal (ℓ) which changes in proportion to the level change of the lower edge detection signal (s) and which has a larger amplitude than the delayed analog signal (d); means (33) for comparing the level of the analog reference signal (ℓ) with that of the delayed analog signal (d), and, when the signal level of the analog reference signal (ℓ) is different from that of the delayed analog signal (d), generating a binary output signal (t) having a binary logic level indicating which of the analog reference signal (ℓ) or the delayed analog signal (d) has the higher level; and means (23) for reproducing the information (Fig. 4) from said optical recording medium (1) in accordance with the data reproduced from the generated binary output signal (t). An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising means (31a) for combining a plurality of photoelectric conversion signals (30a, 30b) corresponding to pit data recorded on the optical disk (1), and outputting the analog signal ( r ). An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) said providing means (100 or 101) includes first means (31b, R1) for outputting said analog reference signal ( ℓ ) proportional to the analog signal ( r ). (b) said delaying means (200) includes: means (31) for integrating the analog signal ( r ) as a function of time to output said lower edge detection signal ( s ); and second means (R1, D2, D3, C2) for generating said delayed analog signal ( d ) which is proportional to said lower edge detection signal ( s ), changes in level with a delay from signal level change of said analog reference signal ( ℓ ), and has a smaller amplitude than said analog reference signal ( ℓ ); and (c) said comparing means (33) generates the binary output ( t ) which is set at a first logic level when the level of the analog reference signal (ℓ) is higher than that of the delayed analog signal (d) and is set at a second logic level different from the first logic level when the level of the analog reference signal (ℓ) is lower than the delayed analog signal (d). An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said delaying means (200) includes: means (31b) for integrating the analog signal ( r ) as a function of time to output said lower edge detection signal ( s ); and comparison signal means (R1, D2, D3, C2) for generating said delayed analog signal ( d ), which is proportional to the lower edge detection signal (s), changes in level with a delay from a signal level change of the lower edge detection signal ( s ), and has a smaller amplitude than the lower edge detection signal ( s ); and said comparing means (33) includes means (R1, 33) for comparing a signal level of the lower edge detection signal ( s ) with that of the delayed analog signal ( d ), and generating the binary output ( t ) which is set at a first logic level when the level of the lower edge detection signal is higher than that of the delayed analog signal (d) and is set at a second logic level when the level of the lower edge detection signal is lower than that of the delayed analog signal (d). An apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said second means (R1, D2, D3, C2) includes: antiparallel-coupled diodes (D1, D2) inserted between a signal node of the analog reference signal ( ℓ ) and a signal node of the delayed analog signal ( d ), and a capacitor (C2) inserted between the signal node of the delayed analog signal ( d ) and a circuit ground. An apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said comparison signal means (R1, D2, D3, C2) includes: antiparallel-coupled diodes (D1, D2) inserted between a signal node of the lower edge detection signal ( s ) and a signal node of the delayed analog signal ( d ), and a capacitor (C2) inserted between the signal node of the delayed analog signal ( d ) and a ground circuit. An apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that said integrating means (31) includes: a buffer amplifier (32) for receiving the analog signal ( r ) and an input side of said buffer amplifier (32), and a capacitor (C1) inserted between the input side of said buffer amplifier (32) and a circuit ground.

Inventors: YOSHIDA TAKAHARU C O INTELLECT, YOSHIDA, TAKAHARU, C/O INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIV.
Applicants: TOSHIBA KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G11B7
IPC codes: G11B7, G11B20, G06F3