POLYPEPTIDES OF FELINE T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC LENTIVIRUS

Abstract: In a first aspect, the invention features a purified polypeptide having an epitope of an antigenic polypeptide of FIV. The polypeptide may be glycosylated or unglycosylated. By antigenic polypeptide is meant a polypeptide which is able to raise (with the aid of an adjuvant if necessary) an antibody response in cats. The polypeptide may be a polypeptide fragment of at least 5 amino acids, or a polypeptide naturally occurring in FIV particles. The fragment may be obtained from a naturally-occurring polypeptide, for example, by enzymatic digestion of a naturally occurring polypeptide, or may be produced by isolation or synthesis of a gene encoding a desired polypeptide and expression of that polypeptide within a desired expression system, for example, a bacterial, yeast, or mammalian expression system.

Description: POLYPEPTIDES OF FELINE T-CELL LYMFHOTROPIC LENTIVIRUS Background cf the Invention This application is a continuation-in-part of O'Connor et al . , Application Serial No. 348,784 filed 1989 entitled Polypeptides of Feline T-Cell Lyrap ctrophic Lentivirus which is a continuation-in-part 5 of O'Connor et al . , Application Serial No. 293,906, filed January 5, 1989, entit.ed "Monoclonal Antibodies to Feline- -Lyrophotropic Lentivirus", which is a continuation-in-part of O'Connor et al. , Application Serial No. 279,989, filed December 5, 1988, entitled 10 "Monoclonal Antibodies to Feline-T-Lymphotropic Lentivirus", the whole of which (including drawings) are hereby incorporated by reference herein. This invention relates to purification cf polypeptides from feline T-cell lymphotrσpic lentivirus 15 (FIV). FIV is a retrovirus originally isolated from cats which exhibit an AIDS-like syndrome. Pedersσn et al., 235 Science 790, 1987. The virus belongs to the same group as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 20 the causative agent of human AIDS. Pederson et al . , describe detection of antibody to FIV by an immuno luorescent assay, and by Western blots, using virus purified by centrifugation on sucrose gradients in Tris base, pH 7.4, containing 0. IM NaCl and Im ΞDTA. A 25. few protein bands were detected and, although antigenic comparison was not made, the positions cf these bands were tentatively said to correspond to the major core protein, p24 the gag precursor protein, p55, and the endonuclease protein, p32, of HIV. Pederson et al., U.S. Patent Application Filed August 26, 1987 entitled "Feline T-Lymphotropic Lentivirus" (which is not acnitted to be prior art to the present application) describes the results presented by Pederson et al . , supra, and states that Western blotting of FIV infected cell lysates yielded major protein bands at approximately 22-26 kD, usually about 24 kD; 50-60 kD, usually about 55 kD; and 28-36 kD, usually about 32 kD. Summary of the Invention In a first aspect, the invention features a purified polypeptide having an epitope of an antigenic polypeptide of FIV. The polypeptide may be glycosylated or unglycosylated. 3y antigenic polypeptide is meant a polypeptide which is able to raise (with the aid of an adjuvant if necessary) an antibody response in cats. The polypeptide may be a polypeptide fragment of at least 5 amino acids, or a polypeptide naturally occurring in FIV particles. The fragment may be obtained from a naturally-occurring polypeptide, for example, by enzymatic digestion cf a naturally occurring polypeptide, or may be produced by isolation or synthesis of a gene encoding a desired polypeptide and expression of that polypeptide within a desired expression system, for example, a bacterial, yeast, or mammalian expression system. 3y epitope is meant a single antigenic site of an antigenic polypeptide. Such an epitope is recognized specifically by a monoclonal antibody to an antigenic polypeptide of FIV. 3y purified is meant that the polypeptide is separated from ether cell components with which it naturally occurs, for example, FIV polypeptides. Preferably, the polypeptide is sufficiently pure to permit its use to prepare a monoclonal antibody to the polypeptide, and even more preferably, pure enough to allow the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide to be determined by standard procedure. Generally, the purified polypeptide is biologically active in that it is suitable for preparation of a monoclonal antibody, or is suitable for detection of naturally-occurring antibodies within the serum of a cat. In preferred embodiments, the purified polypeptide has at least 75% amino acid homology to a polypeptide fragment cf at least 20 amino acids obtained from an FIV gag or env polypeptide, most preferably the purified polypeptide includes an amino acid sequence having at least 75 homology to a whole cf a gag cr e v polypeptide, even more preferably, the purified polypeptide is an entire gaσ or env amino acid sequence. Examples of gag and env polypeptides include plO, pl5, p26, gp40, gplOO, and gpl30. In a second aspect, the invention features a method for detecting an antibody to FIV within a sample, including the steps cf providing a purified polypeptide as described above, and contacting that polypeptide under conditions suitable to allow an antibody/polypeptide complex to form between antibodies within the sample and the purified polypeptide, and detecting the formation of such complexes. The presence of antibody/polypeptide complexes is indicative of antibody to FIV present within the sample. In a third aspect, the invention features a purified nucleic acid including a 50 nuciectide sequence having at least 90% hcmcicgy with a 50 nuciectide sequence naturally occurring in an FIV particle. By purified is meant that the nucleic acid is substantially separated away from all of the components with which it naturally occurs, e.g., polypeptides and other nucleic acids. Preferably, the nucleic acid is completely separated from such components, and is a pure solution cf nucleic acid, or is held within a cell in which it does not naturally occur, e.g, a bacterial cell, another viral particle or a non-feline e :.aryotic cell. By 90% homology is meant that the nucleotide sequence is identical at at least 45 cf the 50 nucleotides. In preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes a polypeptide including an epitope cf an antigenic polypeptide of FIV, e.g., an epitope of a gag or env polypeptide of FIV. Most preferably the nucleic acid is carried in an expression vector and can be expressed in a bacterial, fungal or other eucaryotic cell, e.g., a mammalian ceil. In a related aspect the invention features purified polypeptide including ten or more contiguous amino acids taken from the sequence (using standard letters to represent amino acids) V-Q-S-R-G-S-G-F-V-C-F-N-C-K-K-P-G-H-L-A-R-Q-S-H or F-I-Q-T-V-N-G-V-P-Q-Y-V-A-L-D-P-K-K-V-S or S-V-Q-S-R-G- -G-P-V-A-F- . Applicants have provided polypeptides suitable for specific detection of FIV antibodies and thus have allowed accurate detection of infection with FIV. Applicants have also provided polypeptides useful for production of vaccines to prevent άiseas-r caused by FIV in cats. Other features and advantages cf the invention will be appar t from the following description of the preferred emocdiment thereof, and from the claims. T Description of the Preferred Embodiments The drawings will first briefly be described. Drawir.es Fig. 1 is a photograph of the.major viral associated proteins of FIV identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and stained with Commassie Blue R250 (lane A); molecular weight standards are shown in lane 3; Fig. 2 is a photograph cf a Western im unoblot analysis of antibodies to FIV found in serum from cats identified as positive by an ΞLISA assay for FIV antibodies; Fig. 3 is a graphical representation of eiution of FIV polypeptides during HPLC purification; Fig. 4 is a photograph cf an SDS-poiyacryiamide gel after electrophoresis and staining with silver, showing purity of various FIV polypeptides; and Fig. 5 is the nucleic acid sequence, and coresponding amino acid sequence, of various portions of cloned FIV nucleic acid. Antigenic FIV Polvoet ides FIV polypeptide antigens useful in this invention are generally described above. Polypeptides useful in this invention may be purified from virus isolated as described below and fragments of the purified polypeptides isolated by enzymatic treatment or other standard procedures. Further, the polypeptides may be synthesized by standard ij^ vitro expression systems in which DNA encoding for the FIV poiypeptide is cloned and expressed in a bacterial, yeast, or mammalian cell expression system. Such DNA may be isolated and expressed as described below. The polypeptides may also be synthesized by standard chemical methods, for example, the polypeptide segments of various FIV polypeptides given below can be synthesized. In the following example FIV polypeptides were obtained directly from FIV-infected cells and took the form of polypeptides naturally occurring in an FIV virus particle. This example is not limiting to the present invention, and those skilled in the art will recognize the many alternative methods for obtaining polypeptides of this invention. The polypeptides are referred to according to molecular weight, thus a polypeptide of 30kD is termed p30, and a glycoprotein of this weight is termed gp30. Master seed virus producing cultures were obtained in the form of a continuous feline cell line infected with FIV isolate 32427 (CRFK-FIV or Petaluma strain) from Dr. Neils Pederson (University of California, Davis, California). The parent cell line is Crandell feline kidney cell persistently infected with FIV. The cell line was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection on July 13, 1988 and assigned the number CRL976I. Applicants and their assignees acknowledge their responsibility to replace this culture should it die before the end of the term of a patent issued hereon, 5 years after the last request for a culture, or 30 years, .T.ichever is the longer, and its responsibility to notify the depository of the issuance of such a patent, at which time the deposit will be made irrevocably available to the public. Until that time the deposit will be made available to the Commissioner cf Patents under the terms of 37 C.F.R. §1-14 and 35 U.S.C. §112. Other virus cultures can be obtained as described by both Pederscn et al . references, supra, or by Harbour et al., 122 The Veterinary Record 84, 1988. Seed stocks of virus rroducino cell cultures were obtained by freeze-downs cf FIV-infected master seed cell cultures following at least 19 post infection passages in culture. Additional seed stocks of virus producing cultures were obtained by either infection cf the continuous feline cell culture with FIV master seed virus or by single cell microwell cloning of high level FIV producers from the original FIV infected master seed ceil culture. For prcpogation, master seed virus infected feline cell cultures were inoculated into tissue cell culture flasks. Following growth to a confluent monolayer of cells, tissue culture fluid was harvested at intervals of 2-5 days. Working seed virus was produced by prαpogation by the master seed cell line permanently infected with ΞIV . An inoculum was added to tissue culture flasks, in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM L-glutamine and 4.5 g per liter/glucose (DMΞ) containing- 100 units per ml. penicillin and streptomycin and 2 M glutamine. An inoculum was added to tissue culture flasks, incubated, and the spent tissue culture fluid harvested when the cells were grown to confluence. The ceils were released from the culture vessel with trypsin/EDTA and diluted between 1:5 and 1:25 (typically 1:8) in medium. Typically the flasks were incubated at 36°C-38°C for a maximum of 7 days (between 3 and 7 days) before fluid and cell harvest. The harvested fluid, including cell material, was centrifuged in a high speed centrifuge (Sorval RC-53 cr Eeck an J2-21) leading to separation of supernatant and ceil pellet material. The ' cell pellet was discarded, and the supernatant culture fluid used to prepare working virus. The clarified supernatant was made 0.5 M in NaCl and 4%-iOI (usually 7%) in polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000, Sigma). Following overnight incubation at 2°C-7°C, virus was pelleted (at 13,000 x g for 30 min.) and resuspended in buffer (10 M Tris, pH 7.6 300 mM NaCl, ImM EDTA, at 2°C-7°C) . After overnight incubation the virus was centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 15 min. , the pellet discarded and the supernatant centrifuged on a 50%/80% discontinuous glycerol step gradient in 10 mM Tris 300 mM NaCl, 1 M ΞDTA at pH 7.6. Centrifugation was at 100,000 x g for 3 hrs. at 4°C and the FIV viral band at the 50%-80% interface collected. The band was suspended in 10 mM Tris, 0.3 M NaCl and " 1 M ΞDTA and diluted 1:3 in the buffer and repelletεd at 100,000 x g for i hr. The resulting pellet was purified virus and was resuspended in the above buffer and stored at -70°C. The resulting virus was substantially free from FIV host cell proteins and was composed of at least 5% p26 (the major nucleocapsid protein, as measured by densito etric scans cf Co massie Blue 250 stained SDS/PAGΞ as total protein) . Such purified virus may be obtained by other techniques, however, applicants have found that high molecular weight contaminants present in virus preparations may be eliminated by use of the high salt (i.e., greater than physiological range salt concentration) used in the gradient centrifugation procedure. Referring to Fig. 1, polypeptides associated with purified FIV were analyzed by SDS/PAGΞ and compared with polypeptides isolated in an identical manner from the spent culture medium of uninfected cells. Analysis of the Commassie Blue stained gels revealed three major polypeptides with molecular weights of about 10, 15, and 26 kD, named plO, pi5 and p26, respectively. When an ΞLISA test was performed using diεruoted FIV to identifv cats oossessinc ooivclonal <? antibody to FIV polypeptides, and Western blot analysis then performed on feline sera determined to be positive by ΞL SA, each of the cats had antibodies which reacted with one or more polypeptides of molecular weight plO, , 5 15, 26, 40 and 65 kD under the conditions used. Referring to Fig. 2, a standard Western im uno blot was performed as described by Tσwbin et al. , 76 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 4350, 1979. Briefly, FTV was disrupted with SDS and proteins transferred to a sheet 10 of nitrocellulose. The nitrocellulose sheet was blocked with 30% calf serum, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.05% Tween 20 in Dulbecco ' s phosphate buffer saline. The sheets were cut into 0.5 cm strips and incubated with a 1:100 diluticn of serum sample in blocking buffer 15 for 2 hrs. for 20-22°C. Strips were repeatedly washed with washing buffer (0.05% Tween 20 in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline) and then incubated with a second antibody (specific for feline heavy and light chain Ig) horseradish peroxidase conjugate (obtained 20 from Kirkguard and Perry Laboratories Inc. Gaithersburg, MD) . After 1 hr. incubation, the strips were repeatedly washed with washing buffer and incubated with the precipitating substrate 4-chloronaphthol for 10 min. The strips were partia ' ly dried and the results 25 interpreted immediately. The serum in each of the lanes A-G was obtaine-i frc various cats infected with FIV. Predominant cress-reactivity is detected with p26 and pl5 and to a lesser extent with plO. Other proteins of 32, 40, 47 and 65 kD molecular weight are also 30 detected. Certain viral polypeptides, such as the oao (e.g., p26) antigenic polypeptides, are abundant in purified viral preparations, others such as the viral envelope polypeptides (e.g., gpI30) tend to be lost during viral purification, and electrotransfer less efficiently for Western blot analysis than the gag antigens. Therefore, in order to more readily detect the viral envelope (env) an the gag precurser polypeptides, FIV cell extracts were labeled with S-methiαnine and cysteine and examined by immunoprecipitaticn (R PA) . Confluent cultures of cells infected with FIV were incubated for 30 min. in methionine and cysteine-free Dulbecco ' s modified Eagle's medium. The cell cultures were then incubated for 4 hrs. in 8 ml of the same medium containing 100 microCuries per ml of 3"S-methionine and 3 3-cysteine (specific activity 1200 Curies per M, New England Nuclear Cσrpcraticn, 3ostσn, MA) . The radioactive tissue culture fluids were removed and the cells iysed with 5 ml of 10 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.5 containing 100 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X 100, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 0.ImM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, and 100 Kallikren inactivator units of aprctenin per ml. (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). Before use, the ceil lysates were clarified by centrifugation 100,000 x g for 30 min. and the pellet discarded. Aliquots of the labelled cell lysates (0.1 ml) and 5 μl of serum being tested were mixed in a icrocentrifuge tube and incubated for 1 hr. at 37°C and then overnight at 4°C. The next day, 0.2 ml of a 5% suspension of protein A Sepharose CL-43 beads (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) in 10 mM of phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 containing 100 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100 and 0.1 s - SDS was added to each tube and mixed for 30 min. at 4°C. The antibody/ ntigen complexes bound to the protein A Sepharose beads were collected by centrifugation (2 min. at 20,000 x g) and washed 3 times in lysing buffer. The final pellet was resuspended in I' 25 μl SDS/PAGΞ loading buffer and heated and 100°C for 3 minutes. The Sepharose beads were removed by centrifugation and the supernatant applied to a PAGE. Gels were processed for fluorography using T enlightening" (New England Nuclear Corporation, Boston, MA) and exposed at -70° to Kodak XR-5 film. Sera from experimentally infected cats recognize polypeptides of 15, 22, 36, 40, 47, 110 and 130 kD. Although there were some quantitative and quantitative differences all cats appear to mount a response to p22, gp40, gp47 and gpl30. In order to determine which cf the polypeptides identified by RIPA-PAGΞ analysis were related to the majcr internal structural protein, p26, RIPA-PAGE analysis was carried out using monoclonal antibodies which reacted with p26 as determined by Western blotting. This monoclonal immunoprecipited proteins p47, p36, p22 and pl5. High molecular weight polypeptides (130 kD) of FIV which were not detected by the p26 specific monoclonal antibody, were identified by RIPA-PAGE. A protein of molecular weight 100 kD was also detectable utilizing serum antibodies obtained from some infected cats. In another example, antigenic glycopeptides of FIV can be obtained as follows. Actively growing CRFK FTLV infected cells were scraped from roller bottles, gently washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and pelleted. The cell pellet was gently resuspended in 10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.2, at a ratio cf 1 ml buffer to 0.1 ml cf ceil pellet. This suspension was 'incubated on ice or refrigerated for 5-10 min. , vigorously vortex mixed for 30 seconds, and four volumes of ?3S with imM PMSF added. The mixture was then vigorously homogenized for 90-120 seconds with a 3rinkmann Homogenizer PT10/35 with a PTA 20 generator. The resulting homogenate was clarified for 20 minutes at 5,000 x g. The supernatant fraction was discarded and the cell membrane pellet resuspended in PBS ι- 0.2% Triton X- 00 at a ratio of 2.5 ml buffer to 0.1 ml original cell pellet. The mixture was then vigorously homogenized for 90-120 seconds with a Brinkmann Ho ogenizer PT 10/35 with a PTA 20 generator. The resulting homogenate was clarified at 100,000 x g for 1 hr, the supernatant decanted off and batch bound overnight at 20-23°C on Pharmacia Lentil Lectin Sepharose 4B at a ratio of 6 ml of resin to 5 ml of original cell pellet. The Lentil Lectin Suspension was poured through a column, the resin collected, and washed with 15 column volumes of P3S - 0.2% Triton X-100. The giycoproteins were then eluted from the resin by subjecting the resin to 5-10 column volumes of PBS ^ 0.2% Trit n X-100 ÷ 200 mM methyl a-D annopyranoside, collecting fractions of 1 column volume/tube. The isolation of giycoproteins was verified by 9% SDS-PAGΞ electrophorisis, and checked using 35 S-radiαlabeled cell preparations in conjunction with RIPA data. Further purification of viral glycoprotein from host cell glycoprotein includes use of HPLC, or of a polyclcnal or monoclonal antibody for affinity chrometogr phy. Example 1.: gag Polvceotide Purification Isolated virus (250-500 microliters) was combined with two volumes cf 6M guanidine hydrochloride, pH 3 (adjusted with 20% trifluoro acidic acid in water) . The mixture was vortexed and incubated at 37°C-40°C in a water bath for 20-25 minutes. The incubated solution was filtered through a pre-wetted (100 micrcliters of 6M guanidine hydrochloride, pH 3) 0.45 micron gel aquadisk filter (No. 4184) and the filter rinsed with 100 micrcliters of 6M guanidine 5 hydrochloride pH 3. The filtered sample was loaded onto an HPLC column for purification. The HPLC system consisted of a Beckman HPLC having three 110V pumps, a 421 controller, a 166 variable wavelength detector, a 427 integrator, a 210A 10 injector with dynamic mixer, and a 1000 microliter sample. The coiumn was a Waters radial compression cartridge held in an RCM-100 column holder with a modified inlet connector (Waters Micro3ond-A-?ak Fenile 10 MU 8 mm x 10 cm cartridge No. 85722 with a guard pak 15 resolve CN cartridge, No. 85826). The system was set such that two levers were compressed and the pressure was in the mid-yellow zone. Purification was by a multi-step gradient from aqueous 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v solvent A) to 20 aceto nitrol containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v, solvent 3) . Fractions were collected and condensed by a Savant Speed Vac to remove all solvents to a final volume ranging from 50-100 microliters. The condensed 25 fractions where neutralized by addition of 200-300 microliters of 50 M or 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. The buffered fraction pHs were then checked with pH paper and, if the >ή ' was still below 6, IN NaOH added until the pH was brought within the range cf iσ- 6.5-7.5. The neutralized fractions were frozen at -20°C until use. Referring to Fig. 3, the printout from an HPLC column described above is shown. The flow rate was at 1 mi per minute starting with 100% of solvent A. After 15 min. the solvent was changed to contain 26% solvent 3, 10 min. later to 31% solvent B, 12 min. later to 37.5% solvent 3, 5 min. later to 40% solvent 3, 6 min. later to 43% solvent 3, 8 min. later to 45% solvent 3, 15 min. later to 60% solvent, and 20 min. later to 100% solvent 3. Peaks corresponding to plO, pis, and p26 are indicated in Fig. 3. Fractions containing these peaks were collected. Referring to Fig. 4, fractions corresponding to plO, p!5 and p26 were run in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel containing 15% bis-acrylamide at 70V. The gel was stained with silver using a 3iorad Silver Staining Kit 161-0443. The isolated fractions corresponding to pl5, plO, and p26 were essentially homogeneous solutions of the FIV polypeptides. The isolated FIV polypeptides were analyzed by standard technique fcr their amino acid sequence, yielding the following results (? indicates uncertainty in the actual amino acid, or no knowledge at all) . p26 Number 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20 Amino Acid P-I-Q-T-V-N-G-V-P- Q- Y- V- A- L- D- ?- K- M- V- S PlO Number 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19- A ino Acid V-Q-S-R-G-S-G-P-V- C- F- N- C- K- K- P- G- H- L- Nu ber 20-21-22-23-24 Amino Acid A- R- Q- S- K P15 Number 0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13 Amino Acid S-V-Q-S-R-G-Q-G-P-V- A- F- N- ? T In order to determine if the purified polypeptide is useful in this invention; that is, whether the polypeptide is antigenic, any standard procedure can be used. For--example an ΞLISA test can be performed using a polyclonal antibody from cat serum to determine whether the polypeptide is cross-reactive. Alternatively, the polypeptide can be injected with or without an adjuvant, into an animal, e.g., a mouse, to determine if it causes antibodies to be raised to it. These polypeptides are useful for production of vaccines to prevent FIV-caused disease symptoms and FIV infection in cats. These vaccines are produced by standard procedure. Preferably the gag or env polypeptides are provided in a standard inoculation medium and injected intravenously, intrarteriaily or otherwise into a cat at a level of 1-100 μg/kg animal at intervals cf 3-4 weeks until immunity to FIV is produced. FIV Monoclonal Antibodies Antibodies to FIV polypeptides are useful aids for identification of a purified polypeptide (as described above), and for purifying polypeptides. They are also useful to determine the antigenicity of any polypeptide. An example cf preparation of useful antibodies follows. These antibodies are monoclonal antibodies which allow specific detection and purification of either individual or a small number of FIV polypeptides. Balb/CJ (Jackson Labs) mice were immunized with an initial injection of 50 micrograms of FIV virus (prepared as described above) per mouse mixed 1:1 with Difco Bacto adjuvant complete. After two weeks a booster injection of 100 micrograms of FIV virus was injected into each mouse intravenously without adjuvant. Three days after the booster injection a ι& fusion was performed with mouse myeloma cell lines FO or p3X63-Ag8.653. Mid log phase myeloma lines were harvested on the day of fusion and checked for viability. The cells were -spun at 300 x g for 8 min., separated from the growth medium, and resuspended in serum free DME. For fusion, an FIV-inocuIated mouse was killed by cervical dislocation and the spleen aseptically removed. The spleen was washed three times in serum free DME and placed in a sterile Petri dish containing 20 is of complete medium (DME containing 20% bovine fetal serum, 100 units per mi. of penicillin and streptomycin, and 1 mM sodium pyruvate) . To release ' ceils, the spleen was perfused with a 23 gauge needle. Cells were placed in a 50 mi conical centrifuge tube and pelleted at 300 x g for 8 min. The pellet resuspended in 5 mi of 0.17M ammonium chloride and placed on ice for 8 min. 5 ml of bovine fetal serum (20%) was added and the cells pelleted again at 2J0 x g for 8 min. After resuspension -in 10 ml DME the cells were counted and the spleen and myeloma cells mixed in a ratio of 3:1. The cell mixture was pelleted at 200 x g for 10 minutes, the supernatant decanted, and the pellet allowed to stand for 5 min. Over a period of 1 min. , 1 ml of 50% PEG (PEG 1500 mixed 1:1 with Hepes pH 8.1) at 37°C was added. After 1 min. incubation at 37°C, 1 ml of DMΞ was added over a period of another 1 min. and then a second 1 ml of serum free medium added over a period of 1 min. Finally, 10 mis of DMΞ was added over a period of 2 min., the cells pelleted at 200 x g for 8 min. , and the pellet resuspended in complete medium containing 0.016 mM thyir.iάine, 0.1 mM hypoxanthine, 0.5 icromolar aminopterin, and 10% hybridoma cloning factor (1 x HAT). The ceils were plated into 96-weII plates. After 3, 5 and 7 days half of the medium in the fusion plates was removed and replaced with fresh 1 x HAT. After 11 days the hybridoma cell supernatant was screened by an ΞLISA test. ---In this test, 96 well plates were coated with FIV virus by standard technique. One hundred microliters of supernatant from each well was added to a corresponding well on a screening plate and incubated for 1 hr. at 20-22°C. After incubation, each- well was washed three times with distilled water and 100. microliters of a horseradish peroxidide conjugate of goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) , A, M (1:1500 dilution) was added to each well and incubated for 1 hr. at 20-22°C. After three washes with distilled water, the substrate OPD/hydrogen peroxide was added and incubation continued for five to fifteen minutes. One hundred microliters cf a stop solution (1 M hydrochloric acid) was then added and the absorbance at 490 n read. Cultures which had an optical density reading greater than the control wells were removed to 2 cm culture dishes, with the addition of normal mouse spleen cells in 1 x HT medium. After a further three days all of the 2 cm cultures were rescreened for antibody and those testing positive again were cloned by limiting dilution. The cells in 2 each 2 cm culture were counted and cell concentration adjusted to 1 x 10 cells per ml. The cells were diluted in complete medium and normal mouse spleen cells at concentrations of hybridoma cells of 5, 10 and 50 cells per ml added. The cells were plated into 96-weii plates for each dilution. After 10 days the cloning plates were screened for growth. About 37% of all wells showed growth. The growth-positive wells were screened for antibody and those testing positive expanded to 2 cm2 cultures and provided with normal mouse spleen cells. The cloning procedure was repeated 2 times until a stable antibody-producing hybridoma was obtained. At this point the ceil culture was expanded from 2 to 9 to 2 75 to 150 cm culture vessels, at which point ascite production could be commenced. For ascites production, pristane primed IRCF1 female mice were used. 0.5 ml of pristane was injected intraperitoneally (IP) to each mouse, and the mouse allowed to rest for 10-60 days. At this time 4.5 x 10 cells were injected I? into each mouse and ascites formed in 7-14 days. Ascites fluid was harvested with a pasteur pipette through a hole in the peritoneum. Antibodies to giycoproteins can also be isolated and detected. In particular, antibodies to two giycoproteins of molecular weight 40 kD (gp40) and 130 kD (gpI30) which are detected using PAGE and RIPA respectively. Monoclonals useful in this invention for purification and identification of specific polypeptides of FIV include those which are specific for FIV and form a sufficiently strong interation with an FIV epitope, and an FIV antigen, to be useful in an i munoassay, for example, an ΞLISA, to detect an FIV antigen. In order to determine which of the above monoclonal antibodies are useful in this invention one main test was used. This entailed determination of whether the monoclonal antibody can bind FIV antigen and be detected with a conjugate of polyclonal antibody to FIV (an ΞLISA test, described above) . Another test is to perform a Western blot to determine whether the monoclonal antibody has good reactivity with one or more FIV antigens. Generally, those monoclonals which show poor reactivity, that is, produce faint bands on the Western blot, are not suitable in this invention. Yet another test involves If radicimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) where FIV virus labeled with 35s-methionme is reacted with a monoclonal antibody to form within immunoprecipitate, and the immunoprecipitate run in a SDS-PAGΞ and autoradiographed to detect the labelled proteins. This analysis determines which of the monoclonal antibodies is able to detect precursor FIV antigenic polypeptides and not just mature polypeptides. Antibody Detection The above antigenic polypeptides can be used to detect naturally occurring antibodies produced by cats. Such detection can be any standard immunoassay procedure, fcr example, by an ΞLISA test, as described above. One example of such a test fellows. This example is not limiting to the present invention and those skilled in the art will recognize that any of many other standard procedures can be used. Example 2: Antibody assay Materials required to perform this assay include 96 well flat bottom microtiter strips coated a solution containing the appropriate test antigen (e.g., p26, pl5, or plO). The test wells were coated with lOOμl of a solution containing 0.15 micrograms antigen in 0.25 molar sodium citrate, pH 7.5. The wells were covered with parafilm, incubated overnight at 4°C, and tapped until dry. The antigen was then overcoated by adding 200μl 1% BSA in 0.25 molar sodium citrate, incubating at room temperature (20-25°C) for 1 hour, and tapping the wells dry. 200 microliters of 7.5% sucrose in 0.25 molar sodium citrate was then added to each well and incubated at room temperature fcr 30 minutes. The resulting strips were used immediately, or dried under vacuum for 6 hours at room temperature fcr later use. Assays were performed by adding 100 ul of feline serum sample (positive control, negative control, or test sera) diluted 1 to 100 in Dulbecco s PBS containing 0.1% Bovine serum albumin, 30% calf serum, and 0.05% Tween-20 (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) to a well, incubating at room temperature for 30 minutes, and tapping the well dry. The wells were washed immediately two times with Dulbecco's PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20, tapping the wells dry after the second wash. 100 μl of a solution containing antibodies to feline immuncglobulin was then added. These antibodies were conjugated to an indicator enzyme (e.g. , alkaline phosphatase) and then dissolved in a solution of 50% fetal calf serum, 0.05% Tween-20 in 0.05M Tris-HCl, H 7.6. The wells were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes, tapped dry, and then washed two times with Dulbecco's PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20. A solution containing 0.1% 3,3',5,5' Tetramethvlbenzidene in 40% Glycerol and 50% methanol was mixed with an equal volume of a solution containing 22.82 grams dibasic potassium phosphate, 19.2 grams citric acid and 1.34 milliliters 30% hydrogen peroxide solution per liter. One hundred microliters of this solution was added to each well, and then incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. At the end of the incubation period, lOOul of 0.25% hydrofluoric acid was added to each well. The optical density at 650 nanometer of the solution in each well was then determined with a microtiter plate reader. An immune response to plO, pl5 and p26 was detectable either following experimental infection of a cat with FIV, cr in feline sera possessing antibodies to FIV. FIV Nucleic Acid FIV nucleic acid is useful for production of large amounts of FIV polypeptides, or fragments thereof, 9* and also for detection of homologous nucleic acid in vivo, using standard techniques. There follows an example of cloning of FIV viral DNA. The specific FIV strain chosen is net mean -to be limiting in this invention and those skilled in the art will recognize that equivalent nucleic acid may be isolated by use of the cloned sequences which are provided as specific deposits, or by techniques similar to those described in this example. A Crandal feline kidney ceil line productively infected with FIV strain 2428 (Pentaluma isolate) was used as a source of unintegrated viral DNA. The unintegrated viral DNA was prepared by Hirt extraction and CsCl-ethidium bromide centrifugation to resolve linear and supercoiied viral DNA. (Hirt, 26 J Moi. Biol. 365, 1967; Canaani et al. , 282 Nature 378, 1979). The supercoiied viral DNA was used to construct libraries which contain overlapping viral DNA sequences. The procedures used to construct these libraries were similar to those described by Maniatis et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) and Glover, DNA Cloning, Vol. 1, A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Washington, DC) and are familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art. Two viral DNA libraries were generated by cleavage of supercoiied viral DNA by one of two restriction endonucleases. Partial cieavage by the restriction endonuclease Rsal, which recognizes the DNA sequence 5 'GTAC3 ' , or cleavage by the restriction endonuclease Haelll, which recognizes the DNA sequence 5'GGCC3', of the supercoiied viral DNA generates two sets of blunt-ended DNA molecules whose sequences overlap. The blunt-ended DNA molecules were then treated with EcoRI methylase, according to the manufacturer's directions, to modify the 3' adenine residue of the EcoRI recognition sequence 5'-GAATCC-3 ' . Methylaticn at this site inhibits the cleavage of treated DNA by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI . The methylated DNA molecules were then ligated to linker DNA molecules which contained a cleavage site fcr the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The linker containing DNA molecules were then treated with the restriction endonuclease EcoRI to generate molecules whose termini were compatible with the ΞcoRI cloning site in the recombinant DNA phage vector λ ZAP' H (Stratagene, La Jolia, California) . Linker fragments resulting from this cleavage were separated from the large DNA molecules by size separation on a quickspin column (Boehringer, Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN). The DNA molecules were then ligated into the ΞcoRI cleaved λ ZAP vector using T4 DNA ligase (New England 3iolabs, Beverly, MA) . Ligated DNA molecules were then packaged into phage using Gigapack gold (Stratagene, La Jo11a, California) . Viable phage from the packaging reaction were then amplified by infecting BB4 cells (Stratagene) and harvesting plate lysates of those infected cells in order to obtain a stock of recombinant λZAP clones. Because the insert DNA of the recombinant λZAP clones contain host cellular DNA as well as FIV proviral DNA sequences, it was necessary to screen each library with an FIV DNA probe that contains a readily detectable label. Such a probe was made from RNA isolated from FIV. A radioactive complementary DNA was synthesized from total viral RNA essentially as described by Maniatis et al. 1982, suora except that selection of poly A-containing RNA was not performed, and methy ercuric hydroxide was emitted from the protocol. The bacteriophage libraries were piated at a density of 10,000 bacteriophage per 150 mm dish. They were then screened by hybridization of the radioactivelv labeled probe to phage DNA which was immobilized on nitrocellulose filters (Maniatis, et al . , 1982 supra) . Each hybridizing bacteriophage plaque was then picked, •replated, and hybridized as described, until a single well was isolated which contained a λZAP recombinant 0 clone. XL-1-Blue cells (Stratagene) were then infected with recombinant λZA? phage, and plasmids containing the insert DNA were obtained following superinfection with R408 helper phage according to the manufacturer's directions (Stratagene, La Jolla, California). This 5- procedure also provides both recombinant plasmids (which can be isolated from the cell) and single stranded phage stock which can be isolated from the medium for DNA sequence analysis.- The above recombinant plasmids were analyzed 0 for inserts by preparing plasmid DNAs from overnight culture of bacteria replicating these plasmids as follows. One and one half ml. of an overnight culture was placed in a icrocentrifuge tube and spun for four minutes at 4000xg. The supernatant was removed and the 3 tube respun for four minutes at 4000xg. The supernatant was removed and the tube respun for a few seconds, and residual liquid removed carefully with a pasteur pipet. The bacterial pellet was then thoroughtly resuspended in 200 microliters of a solution contaiing 8% sucrose, 50 ϋ.- mm ΞDTA, 5% Triton X-100 and 50 MM Tris/HCl, pH 8.05. 20 microliters of a lysozc e solution at a concentration of 10 milligrams lysozyme per illiliter in 10 millimoiar Tris/HCl, pH 8 and one miliimolar ΞDTA was then added, mixed, and the mixture was incubated at 4°C 9-f for 15 minutes. The solution containing bacteria was then placed in a boiling water bath for 90 seconds. The mixture was chilled on ice, and spun in a microfuge in the cold for 10 minutes at -1-1,000 xg. The pellet was carefully removed with a glass pipet. Ice cold isopropanol (200 microliters) was then added, the solution thoroughly mixed, and incubated at -20°C for 5 minutes. The chilled solution was centrifuged at -20°C at 11,000 xg for 10 minutes to pellet the plasmid DNA. The supernatant was carefully removed and the pelleted DNA briefly air dried. The DNA pellet was then dissolved in 100 microliters of sterile double distilled water. Plasmid DNAs thus isolated were anlayzed for inserts by restriction encσnuclease cleavage and electrophoresis in 0.8% agarose gels (Maniatis et al. , 1982 supra) . Standard dideoxy sequence analysis was performed on the recombinant DNA containing clones. Single stranded phage were isolated from the media used to propagate cells containing the bluescript plasmid using the method generally described in the M13 dideoxy sequencing manual published by Bethesda Research Laboratories (Gaithersburg, Maryland) . A number of clones were sequenced and analyzed by this method. Sequence information fcr clones termed 10CX, 2BY, and R5X is presented in Figure 5a, b, and c along with the putative translated amino acid sequence for each clone. These amino acid sequences show homology with the amino acid sequence cf the envelope gene of equine infectious anemia virus, a lentivirus, im unologically closely related to FIV. Nucleic acid probes derived from the 2BY DNA sequence hybridize to DNA isolated from FIV infected but not uninfectεd cells. These probes can be used to 3? isolate other FIV genes from other strains and can be expressed by standard procedures to provide the purified polypeptides described above. Deposit - • Strains I0CX, 2B4 and R5X have beer, deposited with the ATCC and assigned numbers 67937, 67938, and 67939, respectively. Applicants' and their assignees acknowledge their responsibility to replace these cultures should they die before the end cf the term of a patent issued hereon, 5 years after the last request for a culture, or 30 years, whichever is the longer, and its responsibility to notify the depository of the issuance of such a patent, at which time the deposits will be made irrevocably available to the public. Until that time the deposits will be made available to the Commissioner of Patents under the terms of 37 CFR Section 1-14 and 35 USC Section 112. Other embodiments are within the following claims.

Claims: 6 Claims 1. A purified polypeptide comprising an epitope of an antigenic polypeptide of FIV. 2. The p urified polypeptide of claim 1, said peptide comprising an epitope of a gag or env polypeptide of FIV. 3. The purified polypeptide of claim 2 wherein said polypeptide comprises a polypeptide having at least 75% homology to said gag or env polypeptide. . The purified polypeptide cf claim 3 wherein said polypeptide comprises a gag or env polypeptide of FIV. 5. The purified polypeptide cf claim 2, 3, or 4 wherein said polypeptide is plO, p!5, or p26. 6. The purified polypeptide cf claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said polypeptide is gp40, gplOO, or gpl30. 7. A method for detecting antibody to FIV comprising providing purified polypeptide comprising an epitope of an antigenic polypeptide of FIV, contacting said purified polypeptide with a sample comprising said antibody, and detecting the presence of a complex formed between said polypeptide and said antibody. 8. A purified nucleic acid comprising a 50 nuciectide sequence having at least 90% homology with a 50 nucleotide sequence naturally occurring in an FIV particle. 9. The nucleic acid cf claim 8, said nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide comprising an epitope of an antigenic polypeptide cf FIV. 10. The nucleic acid of claim 9, said polypeptide comprising an epitope of a gag or env polypeptide of FIV. 11. The nucleic acid cf claim 3 carried in an expression vector. 12. A method for inducing immunity to FIV-caused disease symptoms in a cat, comprising the step cf inoculating the cat with a polypeptide of claim 1. 13. A purified polypeptide comprising ten or mere contiguous amino acids taken frcm the sequence V-Q-S-R-C—S-C—P-V-C-F-N-C-K-K-P-G-H-L-A-R-Q-S-K or p_τ_Q_1-_v-N-G-V-?-C-Y-V-A-L-D-?-K-M-V-S or S-V-Q-S-R-G-Q-C—P-V-A-F-N.

Inventors: ANDERSON PHILIP R ANDERSEN, O'CONNOR THOMAS P, TONELLI QUENTIN J, ANDERSON, PHILIP, R., ANDERSEN, O'CONNOR, THOMAS, P., TONELLI, QUENTIN, J.
Applicants: IDEXX CORP, IDEXX CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C07K13
IPC codes: A61K38, A61K39, A61P31, C07K7, C07K14, C07K16, C12N15, C12P21, G01N33