Ink recording apparatus

Abstract: An ink recording apparatus used with printers or the like and manufactured by applying semiconductor device manufacturing techniques. One wall of an ink chamber (21b) is formed of a single-crystal substrate (21) and an ink jet port (21a) is formed by etching on the single-crystal sub­ strate (21). A slider (25) and electrodes (24a to 24h) composed of polycrystalline-silicon film are formed on the single-crystal substrate by film forming in the LPCVD method and patterning through plasma etching. The slider (25) has a plurality of ink passing holes (25a to 25d) which have respectively different diameter, being driven by elec­ trostatic attracting force produced between voltage-applied electrodes (24a to 24h) and the slider (25). The electrodes (24a to 24h) are formed at positions corresponding to those where the each ink passing hole (25a to 25d) is aligned with the ink jet port (21a).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention The present invention relates to an ink recording apparatus for use in printers or the like. It is to be noted that the word 'recording' herein used refers to the fact that any desired patterns of characters, symbols, or the like are written down onto a printed material such as paper with ink jetted out by an apparatus of the present invention. 2. Description of the related art US-A-4 199 767 from which the invention proceeds discloses a nozzle valve for ink jet printers which nozzle valve includes an improved apparatus for inhibiting the emission of a stream of ink drops from the nozzle orifice. The apparatus comprises a valve which is located externally of the head associated with the nozzle, and adjacent the outlet orifice of the nozzle. The valve includes a resilient gate member which is mounted for a movement with respect to the outlet orifice but adjacent thereto, the gate member being movable between a first position allowing an uninhibited emission of a stream of ink drops from the outlet orifice of the nozzle and a sealing position of the outlet orifice when the gate member is in a second position. In this connection, the outlet orifice serves as a seat for the gate member when the member is in the second position. Moreover, the gate member is preferably composed of a thin but resilient material which is biased into a sealing engagement with the seat at least when the gate member is in the second position. A further conventional ink recording apparatus is shown in the Japanese magazine "Nikkei Mechanical", issued on May 29, 1989, pp. 90 to 91, the apparatus exemplifying such ink recording apparatus that are currently used in printers featuring their compactness suitable for office or personal use thereof. Fig. 11 shows a construction of such a conventional ink recording apparatus. In the figure, a slit plate 1 is provided with a plurality of slits 2 having a width of 50 µm and a length of 8 mm in place of nozzles. The slit plate 1 has also a plurality of auxiliary holes 3 equal in number to a plurality of heating elements 5 formed on a base plate 4, with an ink reservoir 6 as well provided to the slit plate. On the base plate 4 there are formed a plurality of electrodes 7 in correspondence to the heating elements 5 and moreover a plurality of fluid resistance elements 8 shaped into a long, narrow protrusion. Besides, between the slit plate 1 and the base plate 4 there is disposed a spacer 9, which in conjunction with the slit plate 1 and base plate 4 defines a portion serving as an ink chamber 11 illustrated in Figs. 12a to 12d. Under the base plate 4 there is provided an ink tank 10, whereon all the units are piled up to make up a head. The heating elements 5 are formed by piling up a glass layer, resistors, electrodes, and a protective coat on the base plate 4, as in a common thermal head. The conventional ink recording apparatus having a construction as described above will jet ink droplets while taking steps as shown in Figs. 12a to 12d. Each step is detailed below: (a) First, when pulse voltage is applied to the heating elements 5 on the base plate 4 to heat the ink contained in the ink chamber 11, the ink in the vicinity of the heating elements 5 vaporizes to make a large number of small bubbles 12; (b) Second, the small bubbles 12 merge together and grow into a larger bubble 13 that overcome the surface tension, causing ink swells to be produced at the slits 2; (c) Third, when the heating elements 5, on completion of heating, are cooled down to stop the bubble 13 from being produced, the swelling of ink is intercepted to produce ink droplets 14; and (d) Finally, the ink droplets 14 are jetted out through the slits 2 by the power of growing bubble 13. If a number of heating elements 5 share the slits 2 and the ink chamber 11 with one another as in the above conventional apparatus, there arises a problem that the ink droplets 14 derived from adjoining heating elements 5 may interfere with each other. In the conventional apparatus, however, the fluid resistance elements 8 provided between adjoining heating elements 5, 5, as shown in Fig. 11, will serve to prevent pressure waves from being horizontally propagated while the bubbles are being produced, thereby allowing the ink droplets 14 to be formed and jetted out without being adversely affected by such pressure waves. Furthermore, the auxiliary holes 3 provided to the slit plate 1 will absorb the pressure waves, so that pressure waves may be prevented also from being reflected. In the conventional apparatus having arranged as described above, since the apparatus can not vary the size of ink droplets, it is forced to perform the pseudo area gradation recording by signal process instead of area gradation recording. The result is that the roughness in the picture quality is noticeable due to dither and the like. Accordingly, the conventional apparatus is inferior in picture quality to an apparatus employed the other recording system, e.g. a heat sublimation system type printer which uses a sublimation type dye. Although, it is possible to inject ink droplets at a point, one over the other, it takes a long time to record one dot when a dynamic range is set to be wide. As a result, the high speed recording performance of the ink jet system is failed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been accomplished to effectively solve the above-mentioned technical problems and, accordingly, an essential object of the present invention is to provide an ink recording apparatus which can perform the high speed recording and also the area gradation recording by varying the ink droplet size and shape. In accomplishing these and other objects, according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an ink recording apparatus comprising an ink chamber for being filled with ink, an ink jet port provided to said ink chamber, a slider provided in the vicinity of said ink jet port, said slider controlling a jetted ink amount, and means for driving said slider, characterized in that said slider is provided (1.) with a plurality of ink passing holes which have respectively different size, whereby said ink amount is controlled by shifting said slider so that one of said ink passing holes is aligned with said ink jet port, or (2.) with an ink passing hole which cooperates with said ink jet port to define an aperture, both of them overlapping each other, whereby said ink amount is controlled by moving said slider so that an area of said aperture is varied. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is defined in the subclaim. With the above-mentioned arrangement of the embodiment of the ink recording apparatus according to the invention, the slider disposed in the vicinity of the ink jet port makes ink droplets vary the size and shape thereof so that the area gradation recording as well as high speed recording takes place. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS These and other objects and features for the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the construction of an ink recording apparatus of a first embodiment according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II - II of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III - III of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit of the ink recording apparatus of Fig.1; Fig. 5 is a view illustrating the operation of the ink recording apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI - VI of Fig. 5; Figs. 7a to 7n are views illustrating the manufacture processes of the ink recording apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 8 is a plan view showing the construction of a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX - IX of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a view illustrating the operation of the ink recording apparatus of Fig. 8; Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the construction of an ink recording apparatus according to the prior art; and Figs. 12a to 12d are views illustrating the operation of the apparatus of Fig. 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Before the description of the present invention proceeds, it is to be noted that like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the accompanying drawings. Referring first to Figs. 1 to 3, a single-crystal silicon substrate 21 has an ink jet port 21a and an ink chamber 21b provided in the center thereof and a recess 21c provided on its back side. The ink chamber 21b gets connected with the recess 21c through an oxide film 22, a nitride film 23 and the ink jet port 21a. Electrodes 24a to 24h formed of polycrystalline-silicon, the wiring of which is omitted in the figures, each have on their surfaces a nitride film 23 formed as an insulating layer (not shown). A slider 25 formed of polycrystalline-silicon has ink passing holes 25a to 25d provided in its center and guide slots 25e, 25f provided on opposite sides thereof. Each of the ink passing holes 25a to 25f has a different diameter which is smaller than that of the ink jet port 21a. On the surfaces of the slider 25 except the underside thereof there is formed nitride films (not shown) as lubricating layers. Guide pins 27, 28 are formed also of polycrystalline-silicon. The guide pins 27, 28 have flanged portion 27a, 28a illustrated by single dotted chain lines in Fig. 1, so that the slider 25 does not slip off. On the other hand, the ink chamber 21b is charged with ink 31 composed of insulating material. The ink 31 is subject to working pressures corresponding to recording signals through ordinary means such as a pressure device comprising a piezoelectric element or a heating element as shown in Fig. 11, which means is not shown. The component parts shown in Figs. 1 to 3, as detailed later, are integrally manufactured onto the substrate 21 using semiconductor device manufacturing processes including lithography and etching. The result is that the component parts are substantially compact in size, light in weight, and of high precision, comparable to semiconductor products. Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit for driving the ink recording apparatus here mentioned. In the figure, a control circuit 61 receives a recording signal from the apparatus main body (not shown) via an input terminal 62, subsequently deciding the status of the signal to control switches 63 to 65. The switch 63 serves to turn on and off a power supply 66, while the switches 64 and 65 serve to control four pairs of connected electrodes 24a, 24b, or 24c, 24d or 24e, 24f or 24g, 24h, respectively, so as to render the one pair of electrodes oppositely phased to the rest of pairs. For example, while a voltage is applied to the one pair of the electrodes 24a, 24b, the rest of electrodes 24c, 24d, 24e, 24f, 24g, and 24h are grounded. Now the ink recording apparatus arranged as stated above will be explained with respect to its operation. The state thereof shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is such that the control circuit 61 judges the apparatus to be in recording operation according to an input signal delivered from the apparatus main body via the input terminal 62, turning on the switch 63 and activating the switches 64, 65, with the result that a voltage of several times 10 V or so is applied to the one pair of the electrodes 24a, 24b. In this state, the slider 25 is stably positioned as shown in the figures with its ends 25p, 25q sucked up by virtue of electrostatic attracting force acting between the ends and the surfaces of the electrodes 24a, 24b, where the ink passing hole 25a of the slider 25 is aligned with the ink jet port 21a provided to the substrate 21. Then, due to the pressure within the ink chamber 21b, the ink 31 charged in the ink chamber 21b passes through the ink jet port 21a and ink passing hole 25a, thus making ink droplets 32 to be jetted out. At this point of the state of the apparatus, setting recording paper (not shown) at the outside of the substrate 21 allows the ink droplets 32 to record any patterns of characters, symbols, and the like. When the ink droplets 32 are jetted out, the ink 31 in the ink chamber 21b applies pressure on the slider 25. The slider 25 is always supported by substrate 21 on the nitride film 23 which is formed as an insulating and lubricating layer. Therefore, the slider 25 is not distorted by the pressure of the ink 31, and the ink does not leak out. Moreover, the substrate 21 serves to protect operator s hands or fingers or other foreign matters from touching the slider 25 from external, thereby preventing the internal structure including the slider 25 from being damaged with the result of high reliability thereof. Next, with reference to Figs. 5 and 6, the ink recording apparatus will be described in its states in which the slider 25 has moved away from the position shown in Fig. 1 to 4. In this case, the control circuit 61 judges that the recording condition in respect to the ink droplet has been changed according to an input signal delivered from the apparatus main body via the input terminal 62, changing the condition of the switches 64, 65, with a result such that a voltage is applied to another pair of the electrodes 24c, 24d. In this case, as shown in Fig. 5, the slider 25 is stably positioned in rest as having moved from the position shown in Fig. 1 with its ends 25p, 25q sucked up by virtue of electrostatic attracting force acting between the ends and the surfaces of the electrodes 24c, 24d, where the ink jet port 21a is aligned with the ink passing hole 25b, thus ink droplets which have a diameter specified by the diameter of the ink passing hole 25b are jetted through the ink jet port 21a. The ink droplets jetted through the ink passing hole 25b are larger than those jetted through the ink passing hole 25a, because the hole 25b is larger in the diameter than the hole 25a. The pressure in the ink chamber 21b may change according to the ink passing hole size. Specifically, when a ink passing hole to be aligned with the ink jet port 21a is changed from the hole 25a to the larger hole 25b, the ink pressure may be increased depending on the difference of the hole size. Thus, it takes a constant time to record a dot on recording paper despite the dot size. When a voltage is applied to the other pair of the electrodes 24e, 24f, or another pair of the electrodes 24g, 24h, the slider 25 moves so that the ink passing hole 25c or 25d is aligned with the ink jet port 21a. Therefore the ink recording apparatus according to the present invention can jet various size ink droplets. Further, the apparatus has finely variable gradation by means of changing the diameter of the ink passing holes, pressure in the ink chamber and pressuring time. Accordingly, ensuring the dynamic range depended on the range of diameters of the ink passing holes and also controlling the pressure condition, the ink recording apparatus can perform the area gradation recording and its gradient is enough to utilize. As described heretofore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an ink recording apparatus which can perform the area gradation recording and high speed recording because the area and the shape of the aperture through which the ink droplets are jetted are variable by moving the slider 25 such that one of the ink passing holes 25a to 25d is aligned with the ink jet port 21a. In the above mentioned embodiment, the slider 25 has, however, four sizes ink passing holes 25a to 25d, the quantity of the hole sizes may by increased as necessary. Next, with reference to Figs. 7a to 7n, the ink recording apparatus of the above-mentioned embodiments will be described in its manufacturing method, wherein, since the method utilizes the one generally used in semiconductor device manufacturing techniques, the description of individual processes will be simplified by omitting the details of common knowledge thereof. (a) A concave portion 21b′ as illustrated in Fig. 7a is formed on the surface of the single-crystal silicon substrate 21 by anisotropic etching. Subsequently, another concave portion 21a′ as illustrated is also formed in the previous concave portion 21b′ by anisotropic etching. As the etching solution, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used. Photoresist is removed by photoresist stripping using oxygen plasma. The removing of photo-resist is carried out likewise in the following processes. (b) The oxide film 22 (SiO₂) is made to grow on the concave portion 21b′ and the substrate 21, where the oxide film 22 is made grown by depositing a PSG (Phosphor Silicate Glass) layer 33 of a weight ratio of 8% by the method of LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) at a temperature of approximately 450°C, and the film 22 is etched using a buffered hydrofluoric acid, as shown in Fig. 7b. (c) The nitride film 23 (Si₃N₄) is deposited on the oxide film 22, subjected to patterning by RIE (reactive-ion-etching). The nitride film 23 in combination with the oxide film 22 makes up an insulating layer, the dielectric breakdown voltage of which is more than 500 V. The nitride film 23 also serves to protect the oxide film 22 dissolved with the buffered hydrofluoric acid. (d) A PSG layer 33 of a weight ratio of 8% is deposited by the LPCVD method at approximately 450°C. The concave portion 21a′ is formed by using of dissolution of oxied and plasma etching, as shown in Fig. 7d. (e) As shown in Fig. 7e, a PSG layer 33a is deposited and followed by etching. (f) A polycrystalline-silicon layer 34 is entirely deposited at approximately 610 to 630½C by the LPCVD method and shaped as shown in the figures by plasma etching. The polycrystalline-silicon layer 34 forms the electrodes 24a to 24h and the slider 25. Then, annealing is performed to remove the residual stress. In addition, the polycrystalline-silicon layer 34 may be imparted with electrical conductivity by diffusing phosphorus therewith as required. (g) An oxide film 35 is made to grow on the polycrystalline-silicon layer 34, where for the oxide film 35 a PSG layer may be deposited. The oxide film 35 will serve as a protection film for the RIE later performed. (h) The polycrystalline-silicon layer 34 and the oxide film 35 are subjected to patterning by plasma etching as shown in Fig. 7g, thereby shaping into the electrodes 24a to 24h and the slider 25 which are shown in Fig. 1. In this process, end points are detected with 30% overetching, and annealing are performed to remove the residual stress. (i) A nitride (Si₃N₄) film 26 is deposited as shown in Fig. 7h, where patterning is performed by the RIE. The nitride film 26 finally forms the above-mentioned nitride film (not shown), serving as a lubricating layer for reducing the friction between the slider 25 and relevant portions and compensating the brittleness of materials and also as an insulating layer (not shown) for the electrodes 24a to 24h. (j) A PSG layer 36 of a weight ratio of 8% is entirely deposited, where patterning is performed by plasma etching. (k) The PSG layer 36 is performed by plasma etching so that the holes 27b (not shown) and 28b are formed. The end points are detected with 30% overetching. (l) A polycrystalline-silicon layer 37a (not shown) and 37b are deposited, formed the guide pins 27, 28 by plasma etching as shown in Fig. 1, and annealing is performed to remove the residual stress. (m) The PSG layers (or oxide films) 33, 33a and 36 are dissolved with a buffered hydrofluoric acid to form a movable member into which the polycrystalline-silicon layer 34 and the oxide film 35 are integrated, thereby forming up the slider 25 as shown in Fig. 1. (n) The substrate 21 is anisotropically etched from its rear side as shown in Fig. 7n to form the concave portion 21c, until it is bored through up to the concave portion 21a, first formed. This allows the ink jet port 21a and the ink chamber 21b, as shown in Fig. 2, to be formed. Through the above processes, the ink recording apparatus of the first embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured. As seen here, the component structures are integrally manufactured using the semiconductor device manufacturing processes, thereby allowing the structures to be integrated very simply and furthermore rendering them high in precision as well as steady in performance. Besides, it is possible to increase the quantity of ink jet head and to enhance the density of that by assembling the units crosswise. Accordingly, the ink recording apparatus can be steadily mass-produced which features their remarkably area gradation recording by changing the ink droplet size, low cost, light weight and compactness, and further high speed and high density recording. Referring to Figs. 8 and 9, the ink recording apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with respect to different points from the above mentioned first embodiment. The substrate 21 is provided with a wide ink jet port 21j, and the slider 25 is provided with a triangular ink passing hole 25j. As shown in Fig. 8, the ink jet port 21j is wider than the ink passing hole 25j, then these two apertures cooperate to form a trapezoidal window 40. Now the ink recording apparatus of the second embodiment arranged as stated above will be explained with respect to its operation. Figs. 8 and 9 show a state as same as Figs. 1 to 3, in which the control circuit 61 judges the apparatus to be in recording operation according to an input signal delivered from the apparatus main body via the input terminal 62, turning on the switch 63 and activating the switches 64, 65, with the result that a voltage of several times 10 V or so is applied to the one pair of the electrodes 24a and 24b. In this state, the slider 25 is stably positioned as shown in the figures with its ends 25p and 25q sucked up by virtue of electrostatic attracting force acting between the ends and the surfaces of the electrodes 24a and 24b, where the ink passing hole 25j of the slider 25 is aligned with the ink jet port 21j provided to the substrate 21 such that the trapezoidal window 40 is formed as shown in Fig. 8. Then, due to the pressure within the ink chamber 21b, the ink 31 charged in the chamber 21b passes through the window 40, thus the ink droplets 32j of which size are specified by the window 40 are jetted out. At this point of the state of the apparatus, setting recording paper at the outside of the substrate 21 allows the ink droplets 32j to record dots. Then, the substrate 21 protects the slider 25 from touching by operator,s hands or fingers or other foreign matters from external, thereby preventing the internal structure including the slider 25 from being damaged with the result of high reliability thereof. Moreover, despite the pressure is applied on the slider 25 by the ink 31 within the ink chamber 21b, the slider 25 is not distorted by the pressure and the ink does not leak out, because the slider 25 is always supported by the substrate 21 on the nitride film 23 which is formed as an insulating and lubricating layer. Next, with reference to Fig. 10, the ink recording apparatus of the second embodiment will be described in its states in which the slider 25 has moved away from the position shown in Fig. 8 and 9. In this case, the control circuit 61 judges that the recording condition in respect to the size of ink droplets should be jetted has been changed according to an input signal delivered from the apparatus main body via the input terminal 62, changing the condition of the switches 64, 65, with a result such that a voltage is applied to another pair of the electrodes 24c and 24d. In this case, as shown in Fig. 10, the slider 25 is stably positioned in rest as having moved from the position shown in Fig. 8 with its ends 25p and 25q sucked up by virtue of electrostatic attracting force acting between the ends and the surfaces of the electrodes 24c and 24d, where the overlapped portion of the ink jet port 21j with the ink passing hole 25j is wider than that of the previous state as shown in Fig. 8 so that the aperture area of the trapezoidal window 40 is enlarged. That is, in this state as shown in Fig. 10, the ink droplets jetted through the window 40 are larger than those of the previous state as shown in Fig. 8 and 9. Therefore, the apparatus of the second embodiment takes a constant time to record a dot on a sheet of recording paper despite the dot size. When a voltage is applied to the other pair of electrodes 24e and 24f, or another pair of electrodes 24g and 24h, the slider moves so that the ink passing hole 25j overlaps with the ink jet port 21j at each position where the window 40 becomes larger step by step. Therefore, the ink recording apparatus of the second embodiment can jet various size ink droplets. Further, the apparatus of the second embodiment as well as the first embodiment has finely variable gradation by means of changing the aperture area of the window 40, the pressure in the ink chamber, and the pressuring time. Accordingly, ensuring the dynamic range depended on the aperture area of window and also controlling the pressure condition, the apparatus of the second embodiment can perform the area gradation recording and its gradient is enough to utilize. In addition, according to the second embodiment of the invention, since the ink passing hole 25j has a triangular aperture, if the slider 25 is moved under the condition that the ink 31 is applied pressure, the ink droplet is variable in its shape while being jetted. Furthermore, by the control of time for applying voltage to each pair of electrodes 24a to 24h, the moving speed of the slider 25 can be controlled, thereby enabling the formation of ink droplet in a desired shape with a desired ink amount. Thus, it is not only possible to perform the area gradation recording, but also various other image recording performance with optimum amount of ink ejection. As described heretofore, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an ink recording apparatus which is substantially compact in size, light in weight, and also can perform area gradation recording and high speed recording because the area and shape of the aperture through which the ink droplets are jetted are continuously variable by moving the slider 25. In addition, although in the foregoing first and second embodiments of the invention the slider 25 is driven by electrostatic attracting force which is generated by applying a voltage to electrodes 24a to 24h, it may be driven by some other means. Further, the explanation of the manufacturing method of the ink recording apparatus of the second embodiment is omitted because it is same as the first embodiment. Further, the slider mechanism may be constituted in a similar manner to the structure of an aperture mechanism with a plurality of segments used in a camera. In this structure, assembly of sliders like as the segments defines a ink passing hole in the center thereof, and the aperture area is variable by shifting the each position of the sliders. As the mechanism is well known, it, however, is not necessary to describe the detail thereof, it is not a little remarkable to know that the aperture area of the ink passing hole can be controlled by setting a shifting speed and/or stop positions of the sliders, and also the ink passing hole can be a polygonal shape near a circle. that is, it is possible to provide a ink passing hole which is very convenient for ink recording apparatus of ink jet type to form ink droplets.

Claims: An ink recording apparatus comprising: an ink chamber (21b) for being filled with ink; an ink jet port (21a) provided to said ink chamber (21b); a slider (25) provided in the vicinity of said ink jet port (21a), said slider (25) controlling a jetted ink amount; and means (24a to 24h, 61 to 66) for driving said slider (25); characterized in that said slider (25) is provided with a plurality of ink passing holes (25a to 25d) which have respectively different size, whereby said ink amount is controlled by shifting said slider (25) so that one of said ink passing holes (25a to 25d) is aligned with said ink jet port (21a); or with an ink passing hole (25j) which cooperates with said ink jet port (21a) to define an aperture (40), both of them overlapping each other, whereby said ink amount is controlled by moving said slider (25) so that an area of said aperture (40) is varied. An ink recording apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said slider (25) is formed of a thin film, said slider driving means (24a to 24h, 61 to 66) comprising: electrodes (24a to 24h) provided in correspondence to each of predetermined position; a power supply (66) for applying voltage to said electrodes (24a to 24h); and a control circuit (61), whereby said slider (25) is driven by virtue of electrostatic attracting force acting between the surface of said electrodes (24a to 24h) and the surface of said slider (25).

Inventors: MIMA SOICHIRO, SHIBAIKE NARITO, MIMA, SOICHIRO, SHIBAIKE, NARITO
Applicants: MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC IND CO LTD, MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B41J2
IPC codes: B41J2