X-ray examination apparatus

Abstract: A simple and robust X-ray stand for angio graphic examinations is obtained by suspending a U-shaped or C-shaped carrier (9) from an L-shaped arm (3) which is connected to a vertical column (1) so as to be rotatable about two axes of rotation (6,8). The irradiation directions can be readily adjusted by hand when a counterweight (19) is connected to the arm.

Description: The invention relates to an X-ray examination apparatus, comprising a vertical column whereto there is connected an arm which is rotatable about a horizontal axis and whereto there is connected a carrier which supports at a first end an X-ray source and at a second end an X-ray detector which is arranged opposite the X-ray source. An X-ray examination apparatus of this kind is known from German Offenlegungsschrift DE 21 54 893. Said Offenlegungsschrift, describes an X-ray apparatus for performing angiographic examinations. For example, cardiac or other blood vessels are irradiated by an X-ray beam emitted by the X-ray source, a projection image of the irradiated objects being detected by the X-ray detector for display. In order to prevent projection distortion and overlapping of details which are interesting from a medical point or view, for example by bone structures, irradiation from a large number of directions is necessary. To this end, the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are arranged opposite one another on a C-shaped carrier which is displaceable along a circular path in a shoe extending along its circumference. An object in the centre of the circular path is irradiated from different directions without image translation occurring. In addition to the displacement of the C-shaped carrier along the circular path, the shoe is also capable of rotation so that the plane of the C-shaped carrier is tilted with respect to a vertical position. The enlargement of the object to be displayed is adjustable by variation of the distance between the object and the X-ray detector with respect to the distance between the X-ray source and the object. The known X-ray examination apparatus has the drawback that the construction is complex and that the apparatus occupies an excessively large part of the space available in an operating room. It is an object of the invention to provide an X-ray examination apparatus which has a comparatively simple and compact construction and which is suitable for irradiating an object from a plurality of directions. It is also an object of the invention to provide an X-ray examination apparatus in which the irradiation direction can be manually adjusted using only little effort. To achieve this, an X ray examination apparatus in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the arm is also rotatable about an axis of rotation which is rotatable about the horizontal axis and which intersects the horizontal axis at right angles. When the arm is rotated about the horizontal axis, the X-ray source and the X-ray detector are rotated together about the horizontal axis, a central ray which connects a focus of the X-ray source to the centre of the image detector then intersecting the horizontal axis and being rotated about the horizontal axis. In the known X-ray apparatus this movement of the central ray is realised by displacement of the C-shaped carrier in the shoe. An angle between the central ray and the horizontal axis is adjustable by rotation of the carrier about the further axis. In the known X-ray apparatus this angle is adjustable by rotation of the shoe. Rotation of the arm about the axis of rotation enables adjustment of the enlargement of the object to be displayed. Because the central ray is then moved in a direction extending along the horizontal axis, the object will have to perform a translation with respect to the column in order to remain within the X-ray beam. When the distance between the axis of rotation and the central ray is large, the shift of the central ray along the horizontal axis will be negligibly small and the object can remain stationary with respect to the column. In the absence of movement of the X-ray detector with respect to the arm, as necessary for changing the enlargement according to the cited state of the art, the connection of the X-ray detector to the X-ray can be simple and robust. An embodiment of an X-ray examination apparatus in accordance with the invention is characterized in that at one end of the arm there is provided a counterweight, the common centre of gravity of the arm, the carrier, the X-ray source, the X-ray detector and the counterweight being substantially coincident with the point of intersection of the horizontal axis and the axis of rotation. Because of the balancing of the X-ray examination apparatus, all positions of the central ray with respect to the object to be displayed can be readily adjusted by hand. Some embodiments of an X-ray examination apparatus in accordance with the invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing. Therein: Fig. 1 is a plan view of an X-ray examination apparatus in accordance with the invention, Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the X-ray examination apparatus, Fig. 3 shows a number of positions of the X-ray examination apparatus in which the axis of rotation has been rotated upwards about the horizontal axis, Fig. 4 shows a number of positions of the X-ray examination apparatus in which the axis of rotation has been rotated downwards about the horizontal axis, Fig. 5 illustrates the positioning of the X-ray examination apparatus to a parking position, Fig. 6 illustrates the adjustment of the enlargement, and Fig. 7 illustrates a method of connecting a C-shaped carrier to the arm. Fig. 1 shows a column 1 whereto there is connected an arm 3. By way of a spindle 5 the arm 3 is connected to the column 1 so as to be rotatable around the horizontal axis 6. The arm 3 is also rotatable about an axis 8 by way of a spindle 7 which is rotatable about the horizontal axis 6. At one end the arm 3 is connected to a carrier 9 which is rotatable about a further axis 11. An X-ray image intensifier tube 13 is connected to one end of the arm 9. A patient 15 is positioned on a table 17 so that the longitudinal direction of the patient extends along the horizontal axis 6. Under the influence of a counterweight 19, the common centre of gravity of the image intensifier tube 13, the carrier 9, the arm 3, the X-ray source (not shown in this Figure) and the counterweight 19 is coincident with the point of intersection of the axes 6 and 8. Fig. 2 shows the column 1, the X-ray image intensifier tube 13, a television camera tube 14 connected to the X-ray image intensifier tube, and the X-ray source 21. A central ray 23 interconnects the centre of a detection entrance face of the X-ray intensifier tube and the focus of the X-ray source. Figs. 3a to 3c show the rotation of the central ray 23 about the axis 6 by rotation of the axis of rotation 8 about the horizontal axis 6. Rotation of the arm 9 about the axis 11 changes the angle enclosed by the central ray and the axis 6. Fig. 3d shows the position of the arm 9 when the rotation of the axis 8 about the axis 6 is maximum. Figs. 4a to 4c show the X-ray examination apparatus when the axis 8 is rotated -90° about the axis 6. For example, for crano-vascular examinations the skull can be irradiated in a large number of directions in a horizontal plane. Figs. 5a to 5d illustrate how the X-ray examination apparatus can be placed in a parking position by maximum rotation of the axis 8 about the axis 6. In the parking position the freedom of movement of, for example a radiologist around the patient is high and the patient is readily accessible, for example for transferring the patient from the table to a patient trolley for transport. Fig. 6a shows how the enlargement of the object to be displayed can be adapted by changing the ratio of the distance between the X-ray detector and the object to the distance between the X-ray source and the object, in a horizontal position of the axis 8, by rotating the arm 3 about the axis 8. Fig. 6a shows the X-ray examination apparatus in a position for a large enlargement and Fig. 6b shows the apparatus in a position for a small enlargement. In dependence on the enlargement setting, the patient will have to be displaced in a longitudinal direction, simultaneously with the movement of the arm 3, in order to keep the object to be displayed in the central ray; rotation of the arm 9 should take place in order to keep the angle enclosed by the central ray and the axis 6 constant. Fig. 7 shows one way of connecting a shoe 25 to the arm 3, the shoe accommodating a C-shaped carrier 27. By rotation of the C-shaped carrier 27 in the shoe 25, an object can be irradiated from different sides. In such an embodiment the number of irradiation directions is very large and the image of the object to be displayed is not rotated.

Claims: An X-ray examination apparatus, comprising a vertical column (1) whereto there is connected an arm (3) which is rotatable about a horizontal axis (6) and whereto there is connected a carrier (9, 27) which supports at a first end an X-ray source (21) and at a second end an X-ray detector (13) which is arranged opposite the X-ray source (21), characterized in that the arm (3) is also rotatable about an axis of rotation (8) which is rotatable about the horizontal axis (6) and which intersects the horizontal axis (6) at right angles. An X-ray examination apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the carrier (9, 27) is rotatable about a further axis (11) which extends parallel to the axis of rotation (8). An X-ray examination apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the arm (3) is provided with a counterweight (19) at one side, the common centre of gravity of the arm (3), the carrier (9, 27), the X-ray source (21), the X-ray detector (13) and the counterweight (19) being substantially coincident with the point of intersection of the horizontal axis (6) and the axis of rotation (8). An X-ray examination apparatus as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier (27) is C-shaped, the carrier (27) being displaceable along a circular path in a rotatable shoe (25).

Inventors: JANSSEN JOZEF THEODORUS ANTONI, VAN ENDSCHOT JOHANNES GERARDES, JANSSEN, JOZEF THEODORUS ANTONIUS, VAN ENDSCHOT, JOHANNES GERARDES
Applicants: PHILIPS NV, N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN
Application year: 1990
Main classification: A61B6
IPC codes: A61B6