CONVOLUTED BOOT SEAL WITH ANTI-ABRASION SIDE WALL RIBS

Abstract: Convoluted boot seal (36) for use on a universal joint (20,22,24,26) operating at relatively large angles with the side walls (56,58) of some convolutions (38,40) having a series of contact ribs (62,64) which are formed thereon where abrasion might cause seal wear and failure. These ribs (62,64) are flexible so that they can bend over when they contact an adjacent, relatively turning side wall (57,59) so that direct sliding contact and resulting abrasion between adjacent side walls (56,57,58,59) are eliminated.

Description: This invention relates to resilient boot seals providing a flexible closure for protecting universal joints or other devices and more particularly to a new and improved multi-convoluted boot seal operative over a wide temperature and flexure range as specified in the preamble of Claim 1. Prior to the present invention, resilient boot seals moulded from rubber and plastics materials for enclosing and protecting mechanisms such as constant velocity universal joints have been designed with various specialized constructions to control and improve the action of the boot seal during the various geometric motions of the universal joint. The universal joint boot seal disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,456,269 issued to Werner Krude et al, June 26, 1984, for example, is provided with external ribs extending as webs connecting an attachment end portion and an adjacent convolution to reinforce and strengthen areas of the seal. Further, this boot seal has radial inner projections which act as stop means when the joint is articulated toward particular limits. In U.S. Patent 4,702,483 issued to Mikio Ukai, et al, October 27, 1987, a circumferential convex strip is provided on an inner surface of at least one of the convolutions of a boot seal for a universal joint to control the manner in which the boot collapses under bending operations to prevent the entrapment of certain convolutions between a first convolution and a drive shaft. U.S. Patent 4,573,693 issued to Rikizo Nakata et al, March 4, 1986, discloses a boot seal having a special wear-resistant coating on the exterior surface thereof to enhance the durability of the seal. A flexible boot seal according to the present invention is characterised by the features of the characterising portion of Claim 1. The present invention is of the general category of U.S. Patents 4,456,269 (Krude et al), 4,702,483 (Ukai et al) and 4,573,693 (Nakata et al) cited above, but provides a new and improved seal construction for reducing seal abrasion and wear to enhance boot seal durability and service life. More particularly, the preferred embodiment of this invention comprises a boot seal which may be moulded from a rubber or plastics material into a bellows-like unit having a series of convolutions and which decreases in diameter between spaced attachment end portions. Each convolution is formed with inclined side walls which extend radially inward and connect at roots that provide live hinges which bend during operation of the universal joint or other protected mechanism. With the present invention, a circular arrangement of axially-extending and resilient ribs are moulded on at least one side face of one of the convolutions that extend to terminal contact faces normally spaced near the adjacent side face of the neighbouring convolution. During large bend angles of a universal joint protected by this seal, the contact faces of some of the rib faces physically engage the adjacent face of the ribs and bend as relative turning movement occurs between the convolutions. Frictional wear thus primarily occurs in the contact ribs which are sacrificial instead of at the side faces of the convolution. This reduces abrasion and wear of the boot seal to lengthen seal service life. It is a feature, object and advantage of the present invention to provide a new and improved multi-convoluted boot seal of resilient material which has axially-extending flexible contact ribs arranged in a pattern on at least one of the side walls of a convolution that terminate in contact faces normally adjacent to a facing side wall of a neighbouring convolution which bend on contact therewith during relative movement including relative turning of these convolutions. It is another feature and object of this invention to provide a multi-convoluted boot seal of resilient material with flexible contact ribs to flex and bend during operation of a device enclosed by the boot seal to reduce frictional abrasion between adjacent side walls to enhance boot seal service life. The invention and how it may be performed are hereinafter particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is an elevational view, partially sectioned, of a drive axle universal joint and boot seal assembly. Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a view taken along lines 3-3 of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing the universal joint and boot seal assembly in a moved position. Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along lines 5-5 of Figure 4. Figure 5a is a view similar to Figure 5 illustrating portions of the convolution side walls before rib contact. Figure 5b is a view similar to Figures 5 and 5a illustrating rib-flexing after contact and relative turning of boot seal convolutions. Referring now in greater detail to the drawing, Figure 1 shows a portion of a vehicle drive axle including a reciprocating-type universal joint 10 of the tri-pot type having a three-lobe drive housing 12. The drive housing 12 is closed at its inboard end by an end wall 14 and has a centralized input drive shaft 16 integral therewith which extends axially therefrom to a terminal splined end for drive connection to the side gear of a differential providing the rotating output of an automatic or manual transmission, not shown. The drive housing 12 is open at its outer end and has three equally-spaced and longitudinally-extending drive channels 18 formed by the internal walls of the lobes of housing 12. These channels have partial spherical tracks that engage outer surfaces of associated drive rollers 20 of a spider assembly 22. Each drive roller is mounted by needle bearings on an associated one of three arcuately-spaced trunnions 24 extending radially from a centralized hub of the spider assembly. These drive rollers 20 are thus rotatable on the trunnions 24 and are slidable with respect to the housing 12. With this construction, an elongated axle shaft 26, splined at its inner end to the spider assembly, can be rotatably driven by the housing and have sliding pivotal movement with respect thereto. The spider assembly 22 is drivingly connected by splines to the drive shaft as shown in Figure 1. The hub of this assembly 22 is trapped between rings 32 which fit into an annular groove formed in the splines of the inboard end portion of shaft 26. The outboard end of universal joint 10 is sealed by a bellows-type boot seal 36 moulded from a natural or synthetic rubber or a suitable plastics material. The boot seal 36 has a series of convolutions 38, 40 and 42 whose diameters are stepped, with the largest diameter convolution having an annular collar 46 that extends axially and fits around the outer periphery of the outboard end of housing 12. This collar is tightly secured to the housing by clamping band 48. The smallest diameter convolution 42 terminates in an outer root 49 from which a centralized neck portion 50 extends. This neck portion fits on the shaft 26 and is tightly secured thereto by a constricted clamping band 52 so that the interior of the housing and the pivot mechanism of the universal joint are tightly sealed and environmentally protected. The boot seal convolutions 38, 40 and 42 have angular sidewalls 56, 57, 58 and 59, respectively, which extend radially inward into connection at annular roots 60 and 61 which form live hinges for boot flexure and bending during reciprocating and angular movements of the shaft 26 relative to housing 12 during the rotational drive of the joint 10 and vehicle operation. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the side walls 56 and 58 of convolutions 38 and 40, respectively, have arcuately spaced ribs 62 and 64 arranged in a 360° radial spoke pattern. These ribs are resilient, thin wall protrusions moulded directly in the side walls 56, 58 to project in a general axial direction toward the side wall of the neighbouring convolution and terminate in contact faces 66 and 68. As shown in Figures 1 and 5a, the rib faces are all normally spaced from the adjacent side walls. During angulation of the drive axle 26 on vehicle operation such as shown in Figure 4, portions of the convolution side walls approach one another as shown in Figure 5a. In the event of further angulation, direct contact between these side walls is prevented by the engagement of the contact faces with the adjacent convolution side walls as illustrated in Figure 5. Since generally there is some limited turning movement of one convolution relative to the adjacent convolution as diagrammatically shown by indices I-1 and I-2 on convolutions 38 and 40 respectively, the ribs resultantly bend in a manner as illustrated in Figure 5b so that frictional side wall abrasion and wear between adjacent side walls is substantially eliminated. Accordingly, seal failure from such wear is minimized and service life is maximized. After bending, the ribs quickly recover to their extended position on movement of the universal joint through 180° rotation. The particular shape, size, location and number of ribs can be modified to suit particular requirements. The ribs may be sacrificial but have a long service life. The boot seal will provide extended effective sealing in the event that the ribs are worn away during service. Whilst specific and preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate application of the present invention it will be understood that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims: A flexible boot seal (36) of resilient material for enclosing and sealing a device (26) operatively mounted for movement within a housing (12), said boot seal (36) being a substantially annular main body (38,40,42) defining a cavity therein and having spaced first and second attachment portions (46,50) integral with said main body (38,40,42) for respective connection to the housing (12) and the device (26) therein, said body (38,40,42) having a series of convolutions (38,40,42) extending from said first attachment portion (46) to said second attachment portion (50), said convolutions (38,40,42) normally having spaced side walls (56,57,58,59) adjacent to one another hinged at respective annular roots (60,61), so that portions of said adjacent side walls (56,57,58,59) can move into close proximity to one another in response to movement of the device (26) in said housing (12), characterised in that at least one of said side walls (56,58) has a series of resilient ribs (62,64) formed thereon which generally project towards the side wall (57,59) of an adjacent convolution, said ribs (62,64) terminating in contact faces (66,68) normally spaced from said adjacent side wall (57,59) and for physical contact therewith when said side walls (56,57,58,59) move into close proximity to one another, said ribs (62,64) subsequently bending in response to relative turning of said adjacent side walls (56,57,58,59) to thereby prevent sliding contact and abrasion of said adjacent side walls (56,57,58,59) with one another. A flexible boot seal (36) according to claim 1, for enclosing and sealing a universal pivot joint (20,22,24,26) operatively mounted for movement within a housing (12) and having an axle shaft (26) extending therefrom out of said housing (12), in which said boot seal (36) is of a thin-walled resilient material. A flexible boot seal (36) according to claim 1, in which said ribs (62,64) are resilient thin-walled ribs integrally formed on the radial side wall (56,58) of at least one convolution (38,40) which project towards the adjoining side walls (57,59) of an adjacent convolution (40,42), and said contact faces (66,68) normally spaced from said adjoining side wall (57,59) are movable into physical contact therewith during varying flexure actions of said boot seal (36).

Inventors: ZOLLINGER, DONOVAN J.
Applicants: GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F16D3
IPC codes: F16D3, F16J15, F16J3