Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material

Abstract: A method and apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material. The apparatus comprises male and female mould halves (12, 13) defining between them a mould cavity (14) having an inlet (15) thereto for the introduction of a fluid settable material; between the male and female mould halves (12, 13) of the cavity (14) a seal (20, 21) can be interposed to seal the mould cavity from the atmosphere. At least one vacuum outlet (30) from a mould half leads via an isolation valve (31) to a vacuum source. The method comprises the steps of creating a depression in the mould cavity (14) by withdrawing air therefrom through the vacuum outlet via the isolation valve (31), introducing a fluid settable material into the thus evacuated mould cavity until the mould cavity is wholly filled by the settable material, closing the isolation valve between the vacuum outlet and the vacuum source, injecting a small additional quantity of fluid settable material under pressure into the mould cavity, closing the inlet through which the fluid material is introduced into the mould cavity and allowing the fluid settable material to solidify.

Description: The present invention relates to an apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material to produce shaped articles. The invention is particularly applicable to an apparatus in which a mould cavity is evacuated prior to the introduction of a fluid settable material. As used in this specification the term fluid will be understood to refer to any material in a state such that it can flow, and in particular will include not only liquid but also paste-like materials. Further, the term "settable" will be understood to refer to any fluid material capable of becoming solid after the elapse of time, regardless of the physical phenomenon which results in solidification, and will include hardening upon heating or cooling, curing by chemical or other means and any other solidification process which will result in a fluid material as hereinbefore defined becoming solid. Prior art apparatus for moulding articles in an evacuated cavity is typified by the mould described in UK Patent 1,432,333 which comprises a male and female mould part shaped to be assembled to define a cavity, a seal for sealing the cavity against the atmosphere, and an aperture in one of the mould parts for the application of a vacuum to the cavity, the mould parts and the seal being arranged to permit drawing of the mould parts together with relative movement thereof at the seal. The use of an internal vacuum to draw the male and female mould parts together is stated in that Patent to have the advantage that the only pressure to which the mould is subject is atmospheric pressure acting uniformly over the whole mould surface to squeeze the moulding material into the empty parts of the cavity during the closing down of the mould so that the mould parts need only be sufficiently robust to avoid distortion under these conditions. Another prior art apparatus for moulding articles is disclosed in Austrian patent specification No. 219269. This specification discloses a mould consisting of mould halves 1,2 which combine to define an annular cavity 3. One side of this cavity 3 is connected by a channel 6 and pipe 7 to a suction pump 5. A cut-off tap 9 and vacuum boiler 4 are located in the pipe 7. A filling pipe 12 extends from the other side of the cavity 3 to a filling tank 10 which is partly filled with starting material 14. A cut-off tap 13 is located in the filling pipe 12, and a plunger 15 is positioned at the upper portion of the filling tank 10. In operation, the cut-off tap 13 is closed, and the cavity 3 is emptied. The cut-off tap 9 is opened to bring the cavity 3 under negative pressure due to the action of the suction pump 5. The tap 9 is then closed, and filling material 14 is passed from the tank 10 into the mould until the cavity 3 is completely filled. A further prior art apparatus for moulding articles is disclosed in German patent specification No. 2756384. This specification discloses a device for producing hollow members from thermoplastics by a rotory melting process. The device 11 includes a hollow mould 12 comprising top and bottom half-shelves 13,14 having connected flanges 16,17. Two coaxial pipes 19,20 extend in the interior of the hollow mould 12. The inner pipe 19 extends via a joint 21 and a closable pipe 23 to a pressure container or a pump which supplies protective gas such as nitrogen. The outer pipe 20 extends via the joint 22 and a closable line 24 to a negative pressure generator. In operation, the hollow mould 12 is closed and its interior 18 is charged with the required plastic material. The mould 12 is then heated and rotated about two perpendicular axes, and a negative pressure is generated in the mould via the pipes 20 and 24. It is considered, however, that the satisfactory production of injection moulded items, particularly if resin is used as the flowable material, requires more than the mere evacuation of the mould cavity to ensure a complete filling of the mould and avoidance of cavitation bubbles in the material before setting so that components of accurate dimensions, complete form and homogeneous structure are reliably produced upon each moulding operation. The present invention seeks, therefore, to provide apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, and a method of moulding such material in which a vacuum is applied to the mould cavity prior to the introduction of the settable material as in the prior art moulding technique, but in which the mould cavity is not formed by mould halves which are relatively movable with respect to one another under the action of the vacuum applied to the mould cavity prior to introduction of the settable material. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, comprising male and female mould halves which can be brought together to define therebetween a mould cavity, sealing means interposable between the male and female mould halves for compression between the mould halves on closure of the mould cavity to seal the mould cavity from the atmosphere, at least one vacuum outlet from a mould half leading via an isolation valve to a vacuum source, and an inlet to the mould cavity for the introduction of a fluid settable material, characterised in that the mould halves are arranged to define an outlet passage extending from the closed mould cavity towards the sealing means; said outlet passage being closeable by further compression of the sealing means. Although only one mould half may be provided with a single vacuum outlet as a minimum requirement, in practice a plurality of vacuum outlets may be provided on one or both mould halves. A mould comprising a male and female mould half may be provided with a plurality of vacuum outlets spaced along or around the periphery of the mould cavity thus formed. Between the mould cavity defined by opposite facing surfaces of correspondingly shaped mould halves and the sealing means between the two mould halves which isolate the mould cavity from the atmosphere, the outlet passage may be defined by one of the mould halves and a thickened root portion of the other mould half. The vacuum outlet from the mould cavity may include a transparent duct section allowing visual inspection of the degree of filling of the mould cavity. Complete filling of the mould cavity can be assumed when all duct sections leading from vacuum outlets from the mould cavity can be seen to contain settable material. In a preferred embodiment of the invention mould comprises mould halves which each have respective flanges between which the sealing means are pressed when the mould halves are fitted together to define the mould cavity. The flanges may be acted upon by respective clamp means which hold the mould halves together and resist separation thereof during moulding. Preferably the clamp means or members overlie the sealing means on the flanges. The injection point for introducing settable moulding material into the vacuum cavity is preferably located at a point spaced from the vacuum outlets by the maximum distance, and is preferably equally spaced from the vacuum outlets in a mould cavity having a plurality of such outlets. The vacuum outlets may comprise mould inserts having threaded sockets for receiving an outlet duct retainer. The mould inserts may be secured to a mould half by any conventional technique, and in particular may be threadedly engaged in the mould half or may be moulded in situ into a shaped aperture in the mould half. According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of moulding a fluid settable material characterised in that it comprises the steps of creating a depression in a mould cavity defined by male and female mould halves and sealed from the atmosphere by sealing means, by withdrawing air therefrom through at least one vacuum outlet leading via an isolation valve to a vacuum source, introducing a fluid settable material into the thus evacuated mould cavity until the mould cavity is wholly filled by the settable material, closing the isolation valve between the vacuum source and the outlet through which the air from the mould cavity is drawn, injecting a small additional quantity of fluid settable material under pressure into the mould cavity, closing the inlet through which the fluid material is introduced into the mould cavity closing the inlet through which the fluid material is introduced into the mould cavity, and allowing the fluid settable material to solidify. In the method of the present invention the mould halves are preferably retained in a fixed position with respect to one another to define the mould cavity by an appropriately shaped clamping frame which engages the above-mentioned peripheral flanges of the mould halves to apply an even pressure thereto over the area of each flange. Preferably, in performing the method of the invention, the said vacuum isolation valve is separated from the vacuum outlet from the mould cavity by a length of transparent ducting and the isolation valve is closed when the fluid introduced into the mould cavity appears in the said transparent ducting. One embodiment of the present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view through a mould formed as an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of the mould illustrated in Figure 1 showing a detail thereof. Referring now to the drawings a mould generally indicated by the reference numeral 11 and constituted by a male mould half 12 and a female mould half 13 defines a mould cavity 14 within which a resin is to be injected to produce moulded articles. The exemplary mould 11 shown in Figure 1 is shaped to produce mould products having a generally U-shape cross-section, and the male mould half 12 comprises two side walls 12a, 12b joined by a bottom wall 12c and having respective flanges 16, 17, projecting from the free edges of the side walls 12a, 12b, parallel to the bottom wall 12c. An injection port 15 is provided in the bottom wall 12c for the introduction of settable fluid material into the mould cavity 14. The female mould half 13 likewise has a generally U-shape cross-section comprising side walls 13a, 13b, bottom wall 13c and respective lateral flanges 18, 19 parallel to the bottom wall 13c and to the flanges 16, 17 of the male mould half 12. Between the flanges 16, 18 and the flanges 17, 19 are located seals 20, 21 which, when the flanges 16, 18 and 17, 19 are pressed together become compressed to seal the mould cavity 14 from the atmosphere. The flanges, it will be appreciated, extend entirely around the periphery of the moulds and consequently the flange 16 will at some point, not visible in the drawings, meet the flange 17 and may, indeed, be considered as a part of the same continuous flange surrounding the male mould half 12 whilst, likewise, the flanges 18 and 19 may be considered as different parts of the same continuous flange. The flanges 16, 18 and 17, 19 are pressed together, when the mould is assembled, by respective framework members 25, 22 and 23, 24 which themselves are secured in place by respective clamp units 25 (only one of which is visible in Figure 1). It will be understood, however, that a plurality of clamp units, the precise number being dependent on the precise shape and configuration of the mould, would be provided at intervals along the framework members 23, 24 and 25, 22. The male mould half 12 also has two vacuum outlets at opposite shoulders between the free edges of the side walls 12a, 12b and the associated flanges 16, 17, the vacuum outlets being generally identified with the reference numeral 27 and each comprising a mould insert 26 located in an opening in the male mould half 12 and having an internal bore 28 an outer end of which is enlarged and threaded to receive a duct holder 29 which retains in position a vacuum duct 30 at least a part of which is transparent. These components are illustrated in greater detail in Figure 2. The two vacuum ducts 30 lead to respective vacuum isolation valves 31 which are joined by respective ducts 32 to a vacuum manifold 33 leading via a further line 34 to a vacuum source (not shown). As will be seen from Figure 2 the flange 17 of the male mould half 12 has a thickened root portion 35 at the point where the vacuum insert 26 is fitted thereby providing a surface 36 which constitutes the rim of the mould cavity 14 and also defines with the flange 19 an outlet passage 38 which connects the mould cavity 14 to the space 40 between the remainder of the flanges 17 and 19. When the clamp units 37 are tightened the seal 21 is compressed to seal the mould cavity 14 from the atmosphere. This compression of the seal 21 also constricts the outlet passage 38, and the clamp units may be tightened sufficiently to enable the surface 36 to contact the flange 19 thereby closing the outlet passage 38 and compressing the seal 21 to the maximum extent. The flange 16 has an identical thickened root portion providing the same function as the root portion 35. In use of the mould apparatus described the two mould halves 12, 13 are brought together with the interposition of the seal 20, 21 to define the mould cavity 14, and the framework members 25, 22 and 23, 24 are brought into position and secured in place by the clamp unit 37 and any additional clamp units (not shown) which may be required. The mould halves 12, 13 are sufficiently rigid as to be unflexed by the pressure variations exerted on them in use. After having assembled the mould cavity the fluid injection port 15 is closed and air is withdrawn through the vacuum outlet ports 26, for which purpose the isolation valves 31 are open to connect the duct 30, 32 and 34 to the vacuum source. When an appropriate vacuum has been formed in the mould cavity 14 fluid, conveniently resin, is introduced into the port 15 to fill the mould cavity 14, and complete filling of the cavity 14 can be seen when the vacuum outlet lines 30 contain the fluid. At this point the isolation valves 31 are closed. If one vacuum outlet line 30 fills before another, then the isolation valve 31 associated therewith is closed and this will tend to cause the filling of the remaining parts of the mould cavity, which will be evidenced by filing of the vacuum outlet lines 30 associated with those parts. When all the vacuum outlet lines indicate that the vacuum cavity is full and all the isolation valves 31 are closed the mould cavity 14 will be full but may be under a sub-atmospheric or only atmospheric pressure. Additional fluid is therefore injected through the injection port 15 to create a super-atmospheric pressure in the cavity 14. The port 15 is then closed and the mould left undisturbed for a period of time sufficiently long for the fluid to solidify or set. In the case of resin injection sufficient time is left for the resin to gel.

Claims: Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, comprising male and female mould halves (12, 13) which can be brought together to define therebetween a mould cavity (14), sealing means (20, 21) interposable between the male and female mould halves for compression between the mould halves on closure of the mould cavity to seal the mould cavity from the atmosphere, at least one vacuum outlet (27) from a mould half leading via an isolation valve (31) to a vacuum source, and an inlet 15 to the mould cavity for the introduction of a fluid settable material, characterised in that the mould halves are arranged to define an outlet passage 38 extending from the closed mould cavity towards the sealing means; said outlet passage being closeable by further compression of the sealing means. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterised in that there are provided a plurality of vacuum outlets (27) formed in the said mould half. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to Claim 2, characterised in that the said plurality of vacuum outlets are spaced around the periphery of the said mould cavity. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to any preceding Claim, characterised in that the said vacuum outlets from the mould cavity include one or a plurality of ducts (30) havING a transparent duct section allowing visual inspection of the degree of filling of the mould cavity. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to any preceding Claim, in which the said outlet passage is defined by one of the mould halves and a thickend root portion of the other mould half. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to any preceding Claim, characterised in that the said mould halves each have respective flanges (16, 17 and 18, 19) between which said sealing means (20, 21) are pressed when the mould halves are fitted together to define the mould cavity. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to Claim 6, characterised in that the said flanges are acted upon by respective clamp means (37) which hold the mould halves together and resist separation thereof during moulding. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to any preceding Claim, characterised in that the injection point for introducing settable moulding material into the vacuum cavity is located at a point spaced from the vacuum outlets by a predetermined maximum distance. Apparatus for moulding a fluid settable material, according to any preceding Claim, characterised in that the said vacuum outlets comprise mould inserts having threaded sockets for receiving an outlet duct retainer. A method of moulding a fluid settable material characterised in that it comprises the steps of creating a depression in a mould cavity defined by male and female mould halves and sealed from the atmosphere by sealing means, by withdrawing air therefrom through at least one vacuum outlet leading via an isolation valve to a vacuum source, introducing a fluid settable material into the thus evacuated mould cavity until the mould cavity is wholly filled by the settable material, closing the isolation valve between the vacuum source and the outlet through which the air from the mould cavity is drawn, injecting a small additional quantity of fluid settable material under pressure into the mould cavity, closing the inlet through which the fluid material is introduced into the mould cavity, and allowing the fluid settable material to solidify. A method as claimed in Claim 10, characterised in that the said vacuum isolation valve is separated from the vacuum outlet from the mould cavity by a length of transparent ducting, and the step of closing the isolation valve is effected when the fluid introduced into the mould cavity appears in the said transparent ducting. Resin moulding apparatus for moulding plastics resin comprising first and second mould halves which can be brought together to define therebetween a mould cavity, sealing means interposable between the mould halves for compression therebetween when the mould halves are brought together to close the mould cavity, means defining at least one vacuum outlet from at least one of the said first and second mould halves, leading via an isolation valve to a vacuum source, and means defining an inlet in at least one of the mould valves for the introduction of plastics resin into the mould cavity under pressure, characterised in that the first and second mould halves have respective first and second flanges projecting therefrom around the periphery thereof, in that the apparatus further includes clamp means engageable on the said first and second flange means whereby to hold the said first and second mould halves together to define the said mould cavity and retain the said mould halves clamped together to define the mould cavity when resin is injected into the mould cavity under pressure, in that the flanges are shaped to define an oultet passage extending from the closed mould cavity towards the sealing means, and in that the passage is closeable by further compression of the sealing means.

Inventors: GIBSON TREVOR PAUL, WILLIAMS DAVID ROBERT, GIBSON, TREVOR PAUL, WILLIAMS, DAVID ROBERT
Applicants: SHORT BROTHERS PLC
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B29C39
IPC codes: B29C39