Method of manufacturing magnetron anodes

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnetron anode. A plurality of anode vanes (2), having end faces (4) to be welded, are radially arranged in an anode cylinder (1), and then laser beams (3) are radiated from the outside of the cylinder (1), for welding the vanes (2) and the cylinder (1) such that 20-90% of the entire area of each of the end faces (4) remains as an unmelted area (5).

Description: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing magnetron anodes comprising the features of the preamble of claim 1. Conventional magnetron anodes for use in, for example, microwave ovens, comprise an anode cylinder and a plurality of anode vanes radially extending in the anode cylinder, each adjacent pair defining a resonance cavity. Though these vanes can be made of Cu or Aℓ, both of which are good electric and thermal conductors, they are generally made of Cu as it has high heat resistance. In the conventional method of manufacturing such a magnetron anode, which is for example described in U.S. Patent No. 4,743,805, the anode vanes are united with an anode cylinder, by a solder mainly consisting of Ag, in a furnace filled with H₂ gas or a mixture of H₂ and N₂ gases. Thus, the method requires large equipment for soldering, which increases the cost. Further, a solder is needed for each anode vane, or an annular solder which contacts the inner periphery of the anode cylinder must be prepared. Hence, the resulting product is very expensive. Moreover, in the method, the anode is assembled by using a jig before soldering, and then soldered in a furnace, together with the jig. To facilitate the assembling of the anode, clearances are provided between the jig and respective components of the anode. These clearances change as the components and the jig inevitably expand when the temperature in the furnace rises to about 800-930°C for soldering. Thus, the resulting product has an inner diameter defined by the anode vanes at the cathode side, and an angle defined by each adjacent pair of the vanes, both different from the design values. Consequently, the product cannot but have an oscillation frequency or oscillation mode which is far from stable. Further, the specification of Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 56-156646 shows a method of welding a anode cylinder and anode vanes by radiating laser beams onto the anode cylinder from the outside. In this method, the anode vanes are secured to the anode cylinder, with their end faces completely melted. Therefore, the anode vanes must be fixed in position during welding, as in the above soldering method, in order to prevent changes in the inner diameter defined by the vanes at the cathode side, and in the angle between each adjacent pair of vanes. The document GB-A-2 160 630 which relates to a method of manufacturing a hollow shelf discloses to join by welding a plate and a bar crossing each other in a T-letter shape by melting a part of the bar through the plate by means of a laser. However, there is no connection to the application of laser welding in the manufacturing of magnetron anodes. It is an object of the invention to provide a method of manufacturing a magnetron anode which can enhance the assembling accuracy of the anode vanes and produce anodes of high quality. To attain this object, the method of the invention comprises the steps described in claim 1. Therefore, the method of the invention can fix the anode vanes in position, preventing changes in the inner diameter defined by the vanes at the cathode side and in the angle between each adjacent pair of vanes. This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a magnetron anode, which is produced by a method according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an anode vane employed in the magnetron anode shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan view, useful in explaining the method of the invention; Fig. 4 is a perspective view, useful in explaining the method of the invention; Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view of the anode cylinder and the anode vane to which the method of the invention is applied, showing a melted state thereof; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the anode vane shown in Fig. 5, illustrating an example of an unmelted area thereof; and Fig. 7 is a plan view of the anode vane shown in Fig. 5, illustrating a variation of an unmelted area thereof. As is shown in Fig. 1, the magnetron anode produced by the method of the invention has an anode cylinder 1, and a plurality of plate-like anode vanes 2 radially extending in the anode cylinder 1. The vanes 2 each have an outer end face 4 secured to the inner surface of the cylinder 1 by laser-beam welding. Fig. 2 shows one of the vanes 2, in which reference numeral 5 designates the unmelted area, and numeral 6 designates the melt area. The unmelted area should be 20-90% of the entire area of the end face 4 and, accordingly, the remaining 80-10% thereof is the weld or melt area 6. To manufacture the magnetron anode, a plurality of the anode vanes 2 are radially arranged in the anode cylinder 1, and then laser beams 3 are radiated onto the cylinder 1 from the outside, to weld the vanes 2 and the cylinder 1 together, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. First, a positioning jig, not shown, is inserted in the anode cylinder 1, and then a predetermined number of anode vanes 2 are arranged in the same. Thereafter, the anode vanes 2 are urged outwards from the axis of the anode cylinder by the positioning jig against the inner surface of the anode cylinder 1, as is indicated by the arrow F shown in Fig. 3. Thus, the anodes are arranged such that the diameter D of the circle defined by the respective inner ends of the anode vanes 2, and the angle α defined by each adjacent pair of vanes 2 attain respective predetermined values. Then, as is shown in Fig. 4, the laser beams 3 are radiated at an angle onto the outer periphery of the anode cylinder 1. For example, they are radiated at an angle ϑ of about 20 degrees with respect to the perpendicular line X. This prevents the laser beams from being reflected from the anode cylinder surface to a laser oscillator, not shown, and hence the power of the laser can be accurately controlled. If the thicknesses of the anode cylinder 1 and the anode vane 2 are each set to 2.0 mm, the diameter of the focal area P of the laser beams 3 is set to 0.2 mm. In relation to this, when copper is used as the component of the members to be welded, carbon-dioxidegas (CO₂) beams, which have a relatively long wavelength, are preferable as the laser beams 3. The transverse section of the weld is schematically shown in Fig. 5, wherein the melted area 6 extends from the outer peripheral surface of the anode cylinder 1 to the outer end of the anode vane 2, which area is stable physically and mechanically. To obtain desirable results, the width W₅ of the melted area 6 at the outer surface of the cylinder 1 should be set to 1.2-1.8 mm. Incidentally, the unmelted area 5 of the anode vane 2 should be in tight contact with the anode cylinder 1. If the outer end face 4 of the vane 2 has a width W₁ of about 2.0 mm, and a length L of about 9.0 mm, the welding is performed such that the unmelted area 5, having a width W₂ of about 0.2 mm, is formed over the peripheral edge of the outer end face 4. Thus, the unmelted area 5 covers 20% of the entire area of the same, and is in mechanical contact with the anode cylinder 1. Fig. 7 shows a variation in the welding, wherein two central portions 6 are welded, each of which has a smaller diameter W₃ of about 1 mm and a larger diameter W₄ of about 1.5 mm. In this case, the unmelted area 5 covers substantially 90% of the entire end face 4 of the vane 2. If the unmelted area covers more than 90%, satisfactory welding strength cannot be obtained, while if it covers less than 10%, the melted area 6 becomes too large to fix the vane 2 in position. Consequently, it is preferable to obtain an unmelted area of between 20-90% of the end face 4. More specifically, if the end face 4 is wholly melted and secured to the cylinder 1, the vane 2 is sunk in the cylinder 1, resulting in changes in the inner diameter D and/or the angle α, which are predetermined to desired values. To avoid this, the unmelted area 5 is provided in the invention. Further, the method of the invention is carried out at room temperature, so that the clearances between the component parts and positioning jig do not change, which enhances the assembling accuracy. Moreover, the method of the invention requires no inserts during welding, which can make the products much cheaper than the conventional ones manufactured by soldering. Also no hydrogen furnaces or the like are required, resulting in a reduction in power cost and space for equipment.

Claims: A method of manufacturing a magnetron anode, wherein a plurality of copper-made anode vanes (2), each having end surfaces (4), are arranged inside a copper-made anode cylinder (1), and the anode vanes (2) and an inner wall of the anode cylinder (1) are welded by a laser beam (3) irradiated from the outer periphery side of the anode cylinder (1), characterized in that a carbon-dioxide (CO₂) gas laser beam is irradiated onto an outer surface of the anode cylinder (1) from a diagonal direction while the anode vanes (2) being pressed against the inner wall of the anode cylinder (1), such that a peripheral portion (5) of a to-be-welded end surface (4) of each anode vane (2) remains as an unmelted portion (5), and a center portion (6) of the end surface (4) is melted to be welded, the peripheral portion (5) falling within a range from 20% to 90% of an entire area of the end face (4) of each anode vane (2). The method of manufacturing a magnetron anode according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode cylinder (1), and each of the anode vanes (2) have substantially the same thickness.

Inventors: MATSUZAKI TOSHIYUKI C O INT PR, MATSUZAKI, TOSHIYUKI, C/O INT.PROPERTY DIVISION
Applicants: TOSHIBA KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B23K26
IPC codes: B23K26, H01J9, H01J23