Rupturable fluid flow indicator

Abstract: A rupturable fluid flow indicator and a rupture disk assembly including the indicator are provided. The indicator (10) comprises a rupturable member (12) adapted to be clamped across a fluid flow passageway (60,62), said member having at least one opening formed therein for weakening a portion of the member. An electric current conductor (18) adapted to be electrically connected in an alarm circuit (80) is attached across the weakened portion of the rupturable member whereby when the member ruptures as a result of fluid pressure exerted thereon, the conductor also ruptures.

Description: The present invention relates generally to rupturable fluid flow indicators, and more particularly, to such indicators used in conjunction with rupture disks to indicate rupture. Safety pressure relief apparatus of the rupturable type are often utilized in applications where an indication of the operation of the apparatus is desirable or necessary. For example, in plants for carrying out chemical processes, when a rupturable pressure relief apparatus ruptures and relieves pressurized fluid from a vessel or system, it is generally necessary to shut down a portion of the plant or to take some other immediate corrective action. Accordingly, an alarm or other immediate indication of the operation of the pressure relief apparatus is highly desirable. Fluid pressure rupturable apparatus generally include one or more rupture disks sealingly clamped between annular supporting members which are bolted together or which are clamped between bolted flanges. Thus, when a rupture disk ruptures as a result of excessive fluid pressure, or when the rupture disk fails for any other reason, an indication of the rupture or failure may not be given other than by the resulting change in the pressure condition of the vessel or system being protected. In certain situations, the pressure condition of the vessel or system will not change appreciably whereby the rupture or failure of the rupture disk will go unnoticed for some period of time causing undesirable results. Rupture disk monitoring devices and rupture disk alarm systems have been developed and utilized heretofore. For example, US-A-3770918 is directed to a monitoring device for a reversible rupture disk which includes electric probes positioned in the space behind the rupture disk. US-A-4342988 is directed to a rupture disk alarm system which includes a signal carrying means in touching relationship with the rupture disk which is altered by movement of the rupture disk. A generally similar arrangement is also known from a leaflet D.1202 "BURST-TEL" issue 86-2 of a firm Elfab-Hughes Limited. US-A-4408194 is directed to a rupture disk monitor which includes capacitor means positioned in spaced relationship to the rupture disk to sense the operation of the rupture disk. While the prior art rupture disk monitoring devices and systems have achieved varying degrees of success, they generally are not suitable or reliable in high temperature and/or highly corrosive applications and do not operate consistently unless full opening of the rupture disk occurs. Other problems which are encountered with various ones of the prior art devices include the shearing of the electric current conductor wires or strips by the rupture disk supporting flanges, the corrosion of the wires or strips by the fluids involved, the breaking or damaging of the device when handled and installed and other similar problems. Starting from the general concept of a rupturable fluid flow indicator as shown by said leaflet D.1202 "BURST-TEL" which comprises a rupturable member adapted to be clamped across a fluid flow passageway, said rupturable member having at least one opening for weakening a portion of said rupturable member formed therein; and an electric current conductor adapted to be electrically connected in an alarm circuit and attached to the rupturable member, whereby when said rupturable member ruptures as a result of fluid flow force or fluid pressure exerted thereon, said conductor also ruptures, the present invention is characterised in that said openings formed in said rupturable member are in the form of a central hole and slits and/or slots, which define four lines of weakness therein which extend radially outwardly from the centre of the rupturable member, in mutually perpendicular directions, effective to cause the rupturable member to rupture into petals, when it bursts, and in that said conductor is of a U-shaped configuration, having legs which extend on opposite sides of one of said lines of weakness, to ensure that said conductor breaks on rupture of said rupturable member. Such a fluid flow indicator is suitable for use in applications involving high temperatures and/or highly corrosive fluids and which can be used to detect small leaks as well as full fluid flow. The electric current conductor is positioned with respect to the lines of weakness whereby when fluid flow upstream of the rupturable member occurs, and as a result, fluid flow force and/or fluid pressure is exerted on the rupturable member, the rupturable member ruptures along the lines of weakness which in turn ensures that the electric current conductor to be ruptured. In another aspect of the present invention a rupture disk assembly which provides an immediate indication of when the rupture disk in the assembly ruptures and allows pressurized fluid to flow therethrough is provided. The assembly comprises a rupture disk adapted to be clamped across a fluid flow passageway and to rupture when a predetermined fluid pressure is exerted thereon, a rupturable fluid flow indicator of the invention positioned on the downstream side of the rupture disk, means for clamping the rupture disk and the fluid flow indicator across a fluid flow passageway attached thereto and to the passageway, and an alarm circuit connected to the fluid flow indicator which provides an immediate indication of the rupture. In applications where the rupturable fluid flow indicator must detect small leaks as well as full fluid flow through a rupture disk, a sealing membrane can be attached to the indicator for preventing fluid flow through the openings therein until the membrane ruptures as a result of fluid pressure exerted thereon. In order that the present invention may more readily be understood, the following description is given, merely by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a rupturable fluid flow indicator of the present invention; Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a partially sectional and partially schematic view of a rupture disk assembly including the rupturable fluid flow indicator of the present invention connected in an alarm circuit; Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing the assembly after rupture of the rupture disk and rupturable fluid flow indicator thereof; Figure 5 is a top plan view of an alternative form of the rupturable fluid flow indicator of the present invention; and Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5. Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, a rupturable fluid flow indicator 10 includes a rupturable member 12 adapted to be clamped across a fluid flow passageway, being of a size and configuration such that it can be clamped between supporting members such as a pair of complementary bolted flanges. In the most common and preferred form, the rupturable member 12 is circular and includes an outer annular flat flange portion 14 for coacting with annular supporting member surfaces connected to a flat interior portion 16. The rupturable member 12 is preferably formed of a material which is impervious to corrosive fluids and high temperatures, and which can be made to rupture at a low fluid flow force and/or fluid pressure exerted thereon. Resinous materials are particularly suitable. The term "resinous material" is used herein to include any of a variety of thermoplastic, thermoset or other plastic materials which are resistant to high temperature deformation or deterioration and are corrosion resistant. Preferred materials are polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins or poly(arylene sulfides). Attached to the rupturable member 12 is an electric current conductor 18 positioned with respect to the interior portion 16 of the member 12 whereby when such portion of the member 12 ruptures as a result of fluid flow force and/or fluid pressure exerted thereon, the conductor 18 also ruptures. The electric current conductor 18 is preferably U-shaped and is encapsulated within the resinous material making up the rupturable member 12. As shown, the conductor 18 is positioned across the centre of the interior portion 16 of the rupturable member 12 and extends outwardly beyond the periphery of the rupturable member 12 by means of an integral tab 20 formed as a part thereof. Attached to the outer end of the tab 20 and to the ends of the U-shaped conductor 18 is an electric connector 22 for connecting the conductor 18 in an alarm circuit. The electric current conductor 18 can be formed from suitable conductive metallic material such as silver, nickel, chromium, iron or copper or alloys of such metals. In one preferred embodiment, the conductor 18 is formed of a nickel-chromium alloy such as that marketed under the Trade Mark Inconel and is encapsulated between layers of the resinous material making up the rupturable member 12 as illustrated in Figure 2. In another preferred embodiment, the conductor 18 is formed of silver on a layer of resinous material making up the rupturable member 12 by a screen printing technique with a second layer of resinous material laminated to the first layer over the silver conductor. In order further to prevent the metal conductor 18 and rupturable member 12 from being subjected to deterioration by corrosive fluids in contact therewith, the rupturable member 12 is preferably coated on both sides with a protective coating 24, for example formed of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer or a chloro-paraxylylene polymer. Of these, commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene marketed under the trade name TEFLON and polychloro-paraxylylene marketed under the trade name PARYLENE are particularly suitable. A pair of gaskets 26 are optionally positioned on opposite sides of the coated rupturable member 12 and are preferably bonded to the member 12, and are also formed of materials which can be subjected to high temperatures and are corrosion resistant. Such materials include glass filled polyamide resinous material, graphite and the like. The rupturable member 12 with or without the optional coating 24 thereon includes a plurality of openings therein in the form of one or more of holes, slits or slots. The openings are disposed in and function to weaken the interior portion 16 of the rupturable member 12, whereby it readily ruptures and opens when subjected to the force of fluid flow and/or fluid pressure. In one preferred arrangement, the interior portion 16 of the rupturable member 12 including the coating 24 thereon has four equally spaced slits 28 formed therethrough which extend radially outwardly from a central portion 30 of the rupturable member 12 to the periphery of the interior portion 16 thereof. The ends of each of the slits 28 preferably terminate in holes 32, and a hole 34 is disposed in the rupturable member 12 at substantially the centre of the central portion 30, all as shown best in Figure 1. The rupturable member 12 ruptures between the interior holes 32 and the central hole 34 whereby the central portion 16 of the rupturable member 12 opens in four sector-shaped petals as will be described further below. The electric current conductor 18 is positioned across the interior portion 16 of the rupturable member 12 whereby it intersects at least one line of weakness formed by the holes 32 and slits 28 and simultaneously ruptures with the rupturable member 12. As illustrated in Figure 1, the conductor 18 is preferably formed in a U-shape with the legs 19 thereof positioned whereby one line of weakness formed by four of the holes 32, two of the slits 28 and the central hole 34 lie between the legs 19, and the other line of weakness formed by the other four holes 32, two slits 28 and central hole 34 intersect the legs 19 at right angles. In order to ensure rupture of the conductor legs 19, they are preferably reduced in thickness at the location of intersection with the line of weakness as shown in Figure 1. Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, a rupture disk assembly which includes the rupturable fluid flow indicator 10 is illustrated before and after rupture, respectively. The rupture disk assembly includes a pair of pipe flanges 42 and 44 between which are clamped, by means of a plurality of nuts and bolts 64, a rupture disk 46, rupture disk gaskets 48 and 50, an annular spacer 52 and the rupturable fluid flow indicator 10. The inlet pipe flange 42 is connected to an inlet conduit 60 which is in turn connected to a vessel or system containing fluids under pressure. The rupture disk 46 as shown in Figure 3 is a reverse buckling scored disk, and the rupturable fluid flow indicator 10 is spaced a distance downstream of the rupture disk 46 by the annular spacer 52. The outlet flange 44 is connected to an outlet conduit 62 which conducts pressurized fluids which flow through the passageway defined by the pipe flanges 42 and 44 and spacer 52 to a point of storage or disposal. The outwardly extending tab 20 of the indicator 10 extends to the exterior of the flanges 42 and 44, and the connector 22 attached thereto is connected to a complementary connector 66, which, in turn, is connected to a pair of wires 68 and 70 which form a part of an alarm circuit 80. The simple and basic alarm circuit 80 is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 which includes a relay 82, the first set of contacts of which are connected to the wire 68. An electric current source 84 is connected to the first set of contacts of the relay 82 by a wire 86 and to the wire 70 by a wire 88. Additional wires 90 and 92 connect a second set of contacts of the relay 82 to the electric current source 84. A rupture indicator 94, which can be a light, horn or other visual and/or audio type of alarm, is connected to the second set of contacts of the relay 82 by wires 96 and 98. When the fluid pressure exerted on the rupture disk 46 by way of the inlet conduit 60 and inlet pipe flange 42 is normal, i.e., below the rupture pressure of the disk 46, the disk 46 remains intact and pressurized fluids are prevented from flowing through the passageway formed by the flanges 42 and 44 and the spacer 52. Upon rupture of the reverse buckling scored rupture disk 46 (Figure 4), the disk reverses itself and tears along the scores whereby sections or petals are folded downwardly and outwardly. This allows pressurized fluid to flow into contact with the rupturable fluid flow indicator 10, to exert an impact force on the rupturable member 12 which, along with fluid pressure exerted thereon, causes it to rupture and open along the lines of weakness formed by the openings 32, slits 28 and opening 34, so that sections defined by the slits 28 fold downwardly and outwardly. The rupture of the rupture member 12 allows the pressurized fluid to flow through the passageway formed by the flanges 42 and 44 and the spacer 52. In addition, the rupture of the rupture member 12 causes the electric current conductor 18 attached thereto to also rupture, this activating the alarm circuit 80 causing the relay 82 to apply current from the source 84 to the visual and/or audio indicator 94. The alternative form of the rupturable fluid flow indicator 100 of Figures 5 and 6 includes a U-shaped electric current conductor 102 attached to a rupturable member 104 which is optionally coated with a protective coating 106. Instead of holes and slits, the coated rupturable member 104 includes radially extending slots 108. A central hole 110 is provided substantially at the centre of the rupturable member 104. Upon rupture, the rupturable member 104 tears between the interior ends of the slots 108 and the hole 110. The conductor 102 is positioned whereby it lies across the central portion of the rupturable member 104. When the rupturable member 104 ruptures, the electric current conductor 102 is also ruptured and an alarm circuit connected thereto is activated. In order to ensure that the conductor 102 ruptures, the slots 108 positioned transversely to the conductor 102 can be pointed and the pointed ends thereof positioned closer to the hole 110 as illustrated in Figure 5. Additional peripheral arcuate slots 116 are optionally provided in the central portion of the rupturable member 104 to weaken it further if necessary to bring about rupture at the required low level of fluid flow force and/or fluid pressure exerted thereon. In applications where it is desired that the rupturable fluid flow indicator of the present invention indicate the presence of a very minor fluid flow caused, for example, by a failure of a rupture disk whereby a pinhole leak occurs therein, the rupturable member of the indicator can include a sealing membrane attached thereto for preventing fluid flow through the openings in the rupturable member. The sealing membrane retains the leaking fluid until a fluid pressure is exerted thereon which causes its rupture as well as the rupture of the rupturable member and electric current conductor attached thereto whereby an alarm is given. As used herein, the term "rupture" in connection with a rupture disk means that the disk ruptures as a result of the fluid pressure exerted thereon exceeding the design rupture pressure of the disk. The term "failure" means that the disk developed a premature hole or partial or complete opening due to damage, corrosion or other reason. As will now be apparent to those skilled in the art, the rupturable fluid flow indicator of the present invention is formed of thin materials, and because of the lines of weakness formed by the openings therein, rupture occurs at low fluid flow force and/or fluid pressure exerted thereon, e.g., a force or pressure in the range of from about 0.20 to about 0.34 bar. In a like manner, if a sealing membrane is utilized as a part of the indicator, it is formed of a material having a thickness which readily ruptures at the low fluid pressure level set forth above. Preferably, as shown in Figure 6, the sealing membrane 112, if used, is attached to one side of the coated rupturable member 104, and gaskets 114 are attached to opposite sides of the coated rupturable member 104 and sealing membrane 112. For purposes of this disclosure, the rupturable fluid flow indicator of this invention has been illustrated and described as being spaced a distance downstream from a rupture disk. However, the use of an annular spacer between the rupture disk and indicator is optional, so that the indicator can be positioned immediately adjacent the rupture disk and/or in contact therewith. The rupturable fluid flow indicator of the present invention can be used by itself to indicate fluid flow in a passageway or it can be used between a rupture disk and a relief valve or in other similar applications.

Claims: A rupturable fluid flow indicator (10,100) comprising a rupturable member (12,104) adapted to be clamped across a fluid flow passageway (60,62), said rupturable member having at least one opening (28-34,108,110) for weakening a portion of said rupturable member formed therein; and an electric current conductor (18,102) adapted to be electrically connected in an alarm circuit (80) and attached to the rupturable member, whereby when said rupturable member ruptures as a result of fluid flow force or fluid pressure exerted thereon, said conductor also ruptures, characterised in that said openings formed in said rupturable member are in the form of a central hole (34,110) and slits (28) and/or slots (108), which define four lines of weakness therein which extend radially outwardly from the centre of the rupturable member, in mutually perpendicular directions, effective to cause the rupturable member to rupture into petals, when it bursts, and in that said conductor (18,102) is of a U-shaped configuration, having legs (19) which extend on opposite sides of one of said lines of weakness, to ensure that said conductor breaks on rupture of said rupturable member. An indicator according to claim 1, characterised in that said openings further include additional holes (32) at the ends of said slits (28). An indicator according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the legs (19) of the conductor (18) are reduced in thickness at the location where the lines of weakness intersect one another. An indicator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that said rupturable member (12,104) is formed of a resinous material. An indicator according to claim 4, characterised in that said conductor (18,102) is encapsulated within said resinous material. An indicator according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that said resinous material is a polyester, polyolefin or a poly(arylene sulfides). An indicator according to any preceding claim, characterised in that said rupturable member (12,104) and said conductor (18,102) attached thereto include a protective coating (24,106) thereon. An indicator according to claim 7, characterised in that said protective coating consists of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer or a chloro-paraxylylene polymer. An indicator according to any preceding claim, characterised in that said conductor (18,102) is formed of silver, nickel, chromium, iron, copper or alloys of such metals. An indicator according to any preceding claim, which is further characterized to include a sealing membrane attached thereto for preventing fluid flow through said opening in said rupturable member until said membrane ruptures as a result of fluid pressure exerted thereon. A rupture disk assembly (40) which provides an immediate indication of when a rupture disk in the assembly ruptures or fails whereby pressurized fluid flows therethrough comprising: a rupture disk (46) adapted to be clamped across a fluid flow passageway (60,62) and to rupture when a predetermined fluid pressure is exerted thereon; a fluid flow indicator (10,100) according to any preceding claim, positioned on the downstream side of said rupture disk; means (42,44,52,64) for clamping said rupture disk (46) and said fluid flow indicator (10,100) across said fluid flow passageway (60,62); an alarm circuit (80) for providing an immediate indication when said electric current conductor (18,102) is ruptured, said alarm circuit being connected to said conductor.

Inventors: FINNEGAN MICHAEL C, FINNEGAN, MICHAEL C.
Applicants: BS & B SAFETY SYSTEMS INC, BS & B SAFETY SYSTEMS, INC.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F16K17
IPC codes: F16K17, F17D5, F16K37