Pressure-responsive fluid saving device

Abstract: The dislodgement of the soft washer of a fluids rate of flow saving or limiting device comprising a fluid pressure actuated needle type shutter (104) and a flow restricting washer assembly through which said shutter (104) passes to obstruct the free flow of the fluid depending on the pressure thereof and including a soft washer (111) sandwiched between two hard washers (110, 112) is prevented by enclosing said soft washer (111) within a housing (120) having a circular bottom (112) provided with an opening of a predetermined diameter larger than the diameter of said shutter (104), a cylindrical wall (114) extending upwardly along the periphery of said bottom (112) to a distance sufficient to constitute a cavity for receiving said soft washer (111), and a lid (110) to cover the housing (120) and having an opening of the same diameter as said bottom (112), said lid (110) being arranged with respect to said cylindrical wall so as to sandwich said soft washer (111) between said lid (110) and said bottom (112), said soft washer (111) having an opening of a diameter smaller than the diameter of the openings in said lid (110) and said bottom (112) and being fixed within said housing (120) to avoid dislodgement thereof by high fluid pressures. Under low moderate fluid pressures, the flow restricting washer assembly merely comprising the soft washer (111) sandwiched between the two hard washers (110, 112) provides a satisfactory and efficient operation of the device.

Description: This invention refers to needle type fluid saving devices and is more particularly related to improvements in a pressure-responsive device for saving fluids by limiting the rate of flow thereof in response to the pressure and velocity of the fluid, and capable of providing an uninterrupted and safe operation even at high fluid pressures. Devices for saving or limiting the rate of flow of fluids such as water are well known in the art. Said devices are widely used to restrict fluid flow in showers, faucets, lavatories, toilets, etc. and particularly comprise a connecting tube which is provided with an inlet portion having internal threads and with an outlet portion having external threads, the portion corresponding to the external threads being of a smaller diameter than the remainder of the body of the connecting tube, said connecting tube being provided with a helical spring of a shape and a strength suitable to allow the desired rate of flow and arranged within said tube, and a specially designed needle-type shutter, particularly of a stepped cylindrical shape, concentrically arranged within said spring such that at the inlet end of the shutter, there is formed a flange, on the internal part of which bears the spring surrounding the needle type shutter, said spring bearing at its lower portion on an internal shoulder formed in the connecting tube. The above mentioned flange arranged on the upper end of the needle type shutter, is provided with one or a plurality of axially extending holes for permitting the fluid to flow therethrough. During the operation of the prior art fluid rate of flow limiting devices, the vibration of the shutter due to passage of the fluid, produces a rattling effect of the body ends of the needle type shutter against the internal wall of the connecting tube and produces a noise level which may be regarded as being of a high degree of annoyance. Also, said flange is normally in direct contact with the spring of the device, so that when fluid passes at even moderate pressures and velocities, the spring tends to repeatedly strike on the flange, therefore producing a noise which may achieve levels of annoyance to the users of the device. On the other hand, the holes provided for the passage of the fluid, are rapidly clogged and even completely obstructed in a relatively short period of time, particularly when the fluid is impure or hot water. The above defects cause significant inconveniences because of the annoying noise of said prior art devices and because of the cumbersome and costly operation of frequently disassembling said connecting tube in order to clean the fluid flow holes of the shutter. Having in mind the defects of the prior art flow rate saving or limiting devices, and in order to overcome said defects, the present invention provides a pressure-responsive fluid saving device which will be of a very simple structure and yet will minimize the generation of noise and rattling due to vibration. The present invention also provides a fluid saving device, of the above described character, which will prevent clogging of the fluid passages by impurities carried by said fluid. Still more specifically, the present invention provides a fluid saving device, of the above character, which will effectively prevent dislodging of the flow restricting parts thereof even when subjected to high fluid pressures. According to the invention, a pressure-responsive fluid saving device comprises a tubular fitting having an inlet end, an outlet end and an intermediate portion, each having an inner diameter, the inner diameter of said inlet end being larger than the inner diameter of said intermediate portion to form a first shoulder therebetween, said outlet end having a larger outer diameter than the remaining portion of the tubular fitting and being provided with external threads and the inner diameter of the outlet end being smaller than the inner diameter of said intermediate portion to form a second shoulder between said intermediate portion and said outlet end; a needle type shutter having a first and a second end and comprising a first cylindrical body portion having a radially outwardly extending flange at one end of the shutter, and a second cylindrical body portion having a needle shaped end at the other end of the shutter, said second cylindrical body portion being of a diameter smaller than said first cylindrical body portion to form a third shoulder therebetween; a rigid washer fixed in said inlet end to serve as a shutter stop, and a spring having one of its ends bearing against an O-ring of soft material inserted between said spring and the flange of the shutter to dampen the strike of said spring against said flange and its other end bearing on a flow restricting washer assembly supported on said second shoulder; a plurality of projections on said third shoulder adapted to abut against a surface of said flow restricting washer assembly when the shutter is pushed by the fluid downwardly so as to provide a corresponding plurality of slots between each pair of said projections for allowing the passage of said fluid therethrough at a restricted flow rate; and at least one surface groove longitudinally provided on the surface of said first cylindrical body portion of the shutter and extending the full length thereof to provide a free non-clogging passage for the fluid from said inlet end along said shutter to said outlet end of said tubular fitting; said flow restricting washer assembly comprising a soft washer of an elastomeric or plastics material, having an opening with a diameter suitable to permit the free passage therethrough of said second body portion of said shutter, said soft washer being housed between a first rigid washer supported on said second shoulder and provided with an orifice of a diameter smaller than the diameter of said soft washer, and a second rigid washer having an orifice of the same diameter as said first washer, whereby said soft washer is sandwiched and retained between said first and said second washers and projects radially inwardly of said rigid first and second washers to a distance sufficient to dampen a rattling action of said shutter against the inner walls of said first and second washers. Advantageous embodiments of the fluid saving device are recited in the dependent claims 2-6. The present invention, as well as its structural organization and its method of operation, will best be understood from the following description of specific embodiments, when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are given only for illustrative but non-limitative purposes, and in which: Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional elevational view of a device for saving or limiting the rate of flow of fluids, built in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, and showing the structure the flow regulating washer assembly thereof. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a second embodiment of a flow regulating washer assembly for use in the device of the invention. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a third embodiment of a flow regulating washer assembly for use in the device of the invention. Referring now to figure 1 of the drawings,there is shown a fluids rate of flow saver or limiting device built according to a first embodiment of the present invention, particularly designed to provide the minimization of noise and rattling, as well as for preventing blocking of the passage by dislodgement of the soft washer of a flow regulating washer assembly when used in high pressure systems. Said device comprises a connecting tube or tubular fitting 100 having an inlet end 101 and an outlet end 102 provided with an outer thread 103, this end 102 being of an outer diameter larger than that of the remainder of the fitting body and of an inner diameter smaller than that of the remainder of the fitting body. Within said tubular fitting 100 there is a stepped, cylindrical needle type shutter 104, comprising an upper part or inlet portion 106 provided with a larger diameter and having at its upper end a circumferencial flange 105, said upper or inlet portion 106 being an upper elongated cylindrical body with a diameter smaller than that of the upper flange 105, and a lower or needle body portion 107 having a diameter smaller than that of the upper portion 106, and a length larger than that of the said upper portion 106, said lower portion 107 being provided with a lower needle shaped end 117. Around the upper end of the cylindrical body portion 106, and bearing on the lower surface of the flange 105, an O-ring 108 having an outer diameter slightly larger than that of the flange 105 is provided. Below said O-ring 108, and directly bearing on the lower surface thereof, a spring 109 concentrically surrounding the needle type shutter 104 is provided. Said spring 109 is of a shape and a strength suitable to allow compression thereof under the fluid pressure, and recovery of its original position when the fluid pressure is removed, and is firmly supported at its other end on a flow regulating washer assembly comprising a washer 111 of a soft material such as an elastomeric or plastics material, having an inner diameter approximately equal to the diameter or the needle portion 107 of the shutter and housed in a housing 120 of rigid material, provided with a bottom 112 having a central orifice of an inner diameter larger than that of the washer 111, a cylindrical wall 124 projecting upwardly of the bottom 112, and a lid 110 having a central orifice of an inner diameter equal to that of the bottom 112. The depth of the housing 120 is the same as the thickness of the washer 111, so that the lid 110 bears on the upper edge of the cylindrical wall 112 as well as on the soft washer 111. This washer assembly is firmly supported on a shoulder 125, internally formed in the tubular fitting 100 by a reduction of the inner diameter thereof. The rigid lid 110 and the bottom 112 of the housing 120 constitute an upper washer and a lower washer for sandwiching said soft washer 111, and prevent the latter from being dislodged and carried away by high pressure flow towards and into the outlet 113 of the end 102 of the tubular fitting 100 and thus prevent the possibility of causing the blocking of said fitting. At the upper end of the tubular fitting 100, above the needly type shutter 104, there is arranged a washer of rigid material, generally designated with the reference numeral 114, acting as a stop or stroke limiter for the shutter 104 at the inlet end of the tubular fitting 100. Said rigid washer 114 is preferably pressure fitted within a cylindrical cavity 127 formed at the inlet end 101 of the tubular fitting 100. In the cylindrical body portion 106 of the shutter 104, one or more longitudinally extending surface grooves 115 are formed, through which grooves the fluid passes without the risk of easily clogging such grooves with the impurities or sediment of the fluids, such as in hard waters. A circumferencial tapering or chamfer is formed in the shoulder or step 116 constituted by the reduction in diameter between the body portion 106 and the needle portion 107 of the shutter 104, and on said tapering or chamfer 116, several projections 118 of short length are provided, so that when the shutter body portion 106 rests on the rigid lid 110 of housing 120, after being pushed by the inflow of high pressure fluid, a plurality of slots or windows will be formed between the shoulder 116 and the lid 110 for allowing the passage of fluid, inasmuch as said projections 118 will abut against lid 110 leaving a gap between said lid 110 and the shoulder 116 as mentioned above. The fluids saving device of the present invention is highly useful for regulating the water flow in showers or the like, in which instance the external threads 103 of the outlet end 102 of the device are threadably introduced into the inner threads of a shower head (not shown) to an extent sufficient to leave a portion of said shower head threads free. Then the assembly is slidably introduced into the end pipe of a water line (not shown) and the external thread of said pipe is threadably introduced into the free threads of the shower head until the shoulder 126 of the tubular fitting 100 abuts against the edge of the pipe, whereby the device will be fully hidden by said pipe and by the threaded portion of the shower head and at the same type an hermetic engagement therebetween will be secured to provide an efficient performance of the device. The shutter of the present invention, functions in such a way as to avoid the annoying noise of the prior art shutters and, besides, is not easily clogged because the surface grooves 115 formed around the body portion 106, provide a better fluid passage than the usual prior art holes or orifices. When a fluid passes through the fitting 100, said fluid enters through the inlet end 101, and then passes through the longitudinal surface grooves 115 formed on the cylindrical body portion 106 of the shutter 104, and pushes the shutter 104 towards the outlet end 102 of said tubular fitting 100, in such a way that the needle-shaped end 117 of the needle portion 107 passes through the opening of the lid 110, the soft washer 111 and the bottom 112 of housing 120 because of the compression suffered by the spring 109 due to the fluid pressure. The motion of the fluid produces vibrations in the needle body 107, such that the O-ring 108 and the needle-shaped end 117, strike laterally, respectively, against the inner wall of the fitting 100 and against the interior of the washer 111, which is of an internal diameter smaller than that of the lid 110 and of the orifice of the bottom 112 of the housing 120, thus dampening the noise, because said O-ring 108 and said washer 111 are made of a soft material of the elastomeric or plastics type. On the other hand, when the fluid flow is cut or reduced so that the pressure exerted on the spring 109 decreases, this spring pushes the shutter 104 actuating on the flange 105 and the washer 114 stops the movement of the shutter when the upper part of said flange 105 hits against the washer 114, which action is effected at a gradual rate depending on the rate of fluid flow interruption. Furthermore, when a high pressure fluid passes through the tubular fitting 100, the spring 109 is compressed to an extent sufficient to bring the projections 118 formed on the shoulder 116 of the shutter 104 to abut against the lid 110 of housing 120, said lid being a hard washer that does not allow such projections 118 to penetrate the same, whereby a plurality of slots or windows remain between each pair of the projections 118, for allowing a restricted flow of the fluid. Finally, when said high pressure fluid is flowing, the lid 110 and the housing 120 behave as a retainer for the soft washer 111, which is sandwiched between lid 110 and the bottom 112 of housing 120 and enclosed within the same, so that said soft washer 111 is prevented from being dislodged and carried away to the lower opening 113 of the outlet end 102, thus avoiding the blocking of said outlet opening 113 by said dislodged washer 111. Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the flow restricting washer assembly, which is constituted by the soft washer 111 and the housing 120. The soft washer 111 in this embodiment is supplied on the bottom 112 of the housing 120, which housing has a cylindrical wall 124 that extends perpendicularly of said bottom 112 to a distance sufficient to provide a depth equivalent to the combined thicknesses of the soft washer 111 and the lid 110, with the latter having an outer diameter suitable for being received within the cylindrical wall 124 and rest upon the soft washer 111, with its upper surface approximately flush with the upper edge of wall 124. By means of the above arrangement of parts, it is possible to compensate for variations in the thickness of the elastomeric or plastics material constituting the soft washer 111, since the lid 110 may be introduced into the cylindrical space formed by said cylindrical wall 114 a sufficient distance to suitably press said soft washer against the bottom 112 or housing 120. As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the soft washer 111 is fixed within housing 120 by means of a suitable adhesive or the like and the lid 110 is thereafter soldered or otherwise fixed to the cylindrical wall 124 to provide a fully replaceable unit. Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the flow restricting washer assembly for use in the device of the present invention, which is of a simpler construction and still highly effective under conditions of moderate to low fluid pressures, such as thus prevailing in water lines for domestic or rural use. This embodiment, however, is not quite safe when used under high fluid pressure conditions, because dislodgement of the soft washer and plugging of the outlet opening 113 may occur. This embodiment of the invention, however, is highly preferred for common use in domestic installations, due to its lower cost and simpler structure. As shown in Figure 3 of the drawings, the third embodiment of flow restricting washer assembly merely consists of the above described soft washer 111 sandwiched between two rigid washers 110 and 112 which are not attached to a cylindrical wall as in the two embodiments described above. The washers 110, 111 and 112 have the same outer diameter as the inner diameter of the body of fitting 100 and are merely introduced into said fitting in the appropriate order to rest on shoulder 125 for being pressed against each other by the spring 109 which thus provides a relatively firm pressure-engagement of the soft washer 111 between the rigid washers 110 and 112 to prevent dislodgement thereof.

Claims: A pressure-responsive fluid saving device which comprises a tubular fitting (100) having an inlet end (101), an outlet end (102) and an intermediate portion,, each having an inner diameter, the inner diameter of said inlet end (101) being larger than the inner diameter of said intermediate portion to form a first shoulder therebetween, said outlet end (102) having a larger outer diameter than the remaining portion of the tubular fitting (100) and being provided with external threads and the inner diameter of the outlet end (102) being smaller than the inner diameter of said intermediate portion to form a second shoulder (125) between said intermediate portion and said outlet end (102); a needle type shutter (104) having a first and a second end and comprising a first cylindrical body portion (106) having a radially outwardly extending flange (105) at one end of the shutter (104), and a second cylindrical body portion (107) having a needle shaped end (117) at the other end of the shutter (104), said second cylindrical body portion (107) being of a diameter smaller than said first cylindrical body portion to form a third shoulder (116) therebetween; a rigid washer (114) fixed in said inlet end (101) to serve as a shutter stop: and a spring (109) having one of its ends bearing against an O-ring (108) of soft material inserted between said spring (109) and the flange (105) of the shutter (104) to dampen the strike of said spring (109) against said flange (105) and its other end bearing on a flow restricting washer assembly supported on said second shoulder (125); a plurality of projections (118) on said third shoulder (116) adapted to abut against a surface of said flow restricting washer assembly when the shutter (104) is pushed by the fluid downwardly so as to provide a corresponding plurality of slots between each pair of said projections (118) for allowing the passage of said fluid therethrough at a restricted flow rate; and at least one surface groove (115) longitudinally provided on the surface of said first cylindrical body portion (106) of the shutter (104) and extending the full length thereof to provide a free non-clogging passage for the fluid from said inlet end (101) along said shutter (104) to said outlet end (102) of said tubular fitting (100); said flow restricting washer assembly comprising a soft washer (111) of an elastomeric or plastics material, having an opening with a diameter suitable to permit the free passage therethrough of said second body portion (107) of said shutter (104), said soft washer (111) being housed between a first rigid washer (112) supported on said second shoulder (125) and provided with an orifice of a diameter smaller than the diameter of said soft washer (111), and a second rigid washer (110) having an orifice of the same diameter as said first washer (112), whereby said soft washer (111) is sandwiched and retained between said first and said second washers (110, 112) and projects radially inwardly of said rigid first and second washers (110, 112) to a distance sufficient to dampen a rattling action of said shutter (104) against the inner walls of said first and second washers (110, 112). A pressure-responsive fluid saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that said flow restricting washer assembly is built in the form of a removable unit which comprises a housing (120) for housing said soft washer (111), said housing (120) consisting of said first washer, a cylindrical wall (124) extending upwardly along the periphery of said first washer (112) to an extent sufficient to span the thickness of said soft washer (111), and the second washer (110) in the form of a lid supported on the upper edge of said cylindrical wall (124) to house said soft washer (111) between said first washer (112) and said lid. A pressure-responsive fluid saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that said flow restricting washer assembly is built in the form of a removable unit which comprises a housing (120) for housing said soft washer (111), said housing (120) consisting of said first washer (112), a cylindrical wall (124) extending upwardly along the periphery of said first washer (112) to an extent sufficient to span the combined thicknesses of said soft washer (111) and said second washer (110), said second washer (110) being of a diameter suitable to be received with the cavity formed by said cylindrical wall (124) to rest over said soft washer (111) so as to press-sandwich said soft washer (111) against said first washer (112). A pressure-responsive fluid saving device according to claim 2, characterized in that said soft washer (111) is fixed within said housing (120) by an adhesive and said lid is soldered to the upper edge of said cylindrical wall (124). A pressure-responsive fluid saving device according to claim 3, characterized in that said soft washer (111) is fixed within said housing (120) by an adhesive and said second washer (110) is soldered to the inner surface of said cylindrical wall (124). A pressure-responsive fluid saving device according to claim 1, characterized in that said soft washer (111) is press-sandwiched between said first and second washers (110, 112) by the pressure exerted by said spring (109).

Inventors: CHAUL CESAR FARAON, CHAUL, CESAR FARAON
Applicants: CHAUL CESAR FARAON, CHAUL, CESAR FARAON
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F16K17
IPC codes: F16K17, G05D7, F16L55