ANTI-FOULING COVERING FOR USE IN SUB-SEA STRUCTURES

Abstract: An anti-fouling covering (10) is applied to a tubular (11) of a tubular off-shore structure to prevent fouling of the tubular by marine growths and comprises metal sheeting (13) which is deformed to provide spaced ridges or troughs (14) which extend on the covering in the axial direction of the tubular (11). The deformations (14) facilitate expansion and contraction of the covering but, especially when of inwardly directed trough form, enable the covering to have a substantially smooth exterior so encouraging a reduction in loading due to wave impingement.

Description: ANTI-FOULING COVERING FOR USE IN SUB-SEA STRUCTURES This invention relates to a covering to protect tubular members of sub-sea structures particularly offshore structures from fouling by marine organisms or growths and also to a proc for applying the covering. The present invention also relate to a tubular composite including an anti-fouling covering. The fouling of marine structures by marine growths involvi marine organisms is well known. Since these growths can *" adversely affect the wellbeing of the structure, it is necessar from time-to-time to carry out cleaning operations to remove th growths but there is the disadvantage that these cleaning operations are invariably costly. This problem can be particularly severe with tubular structures as these are generally immersed at considerable depths where marine growths such as mussel formation is especially prevalent. To avoid or minimise the above problem it is known to cove or clad appropriate parts of the structure with copper or coppe nickel plating, with insulating material located between the sheeting and the structure. Particular examples of such covering comprise (a) half-shells (for fitting around tubular members) and (b) copper-nickel wire mesh embedded-in an elastom or epoxy matrix. However a particularly advantageous form of anti-fouling sheet covering is described in the present applicants 1 International application PCT/GB88/00403 (published as O88/09460) which sheet covering comprises anti-fouling meta which is corrugated. In the preferred form of application of the corrugated sheeting to a tubular member, a corrugated metal strip of anti-fouling material is wound onto an insulating laye for example of elastomers or epoxies, on the tubular member suc that the metal strip covers the tubular member. It is an objer of the present invention to provide an improved anti-foul.. covering relative to the covering of International application W088/09460. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a covering to protect a tubular sub-sea. structure* from fouling by marine organisms, said covering comprising anti- fouling metal formed with deformations to provide circumferentially spaced ridges on the covering. The present invention is also a covering to protect sub-sea structures from fouling by marine growths comprising anti-foulin metal sheeting having at least one deformation forming an inwardly directed trough on the covering. Preferably the metal sheeting is in strip form with the deformation extending transversely on the strip, and preferably the deformation extends to opposed edges of the strip, i.e. each ridge or trough is defined by a corrugation. The metal sheetin is preferably of copper or copper nickel material. Preferably the ridges or troughs are spaced by non-deformed areas on the sheeting such that the total area of the deformations is not greater than 70% of the total area of the sheeting, and preferably no greater than 40% of the total area: in a preferred embodiment the deformation area is less than 20% of the total sheeting area. The present invention is also a tubular composite for use i a sub-sea structure; said tubular composite comprising a base tube, and an outer anti-fouling covering; said anti-fouling covering comprising anti-fouling metal sheeting which is deforme to provide spaced ridges or troughs. Preferably no more than ten longitudinally-extending deformations are provided around the circumference of the tubula composite with respect to one cross-section of the composite. According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for applying an anti-fouling covering to a tubular member of a sub-sea structure to protect said member fro fouling by marine growths, said process comprising the steps of applying a coating of elastomeric anti-corrosion material to the outer surface of the tubular member, applying anti-fouling sheet covering with spaced deformations as aforesaid to the elastomeri coating to enclose the tubular member, applying a moulding pressure on the sheet covering to provide a restricting force thereto and to apply a bond between the sheet covering and the elastomeric material, and vulcanising the elastomeric material the arrangement being such that the deformations of the anti- fouling covering allow movement of any changes on the circumference of the elastomeric coating to be accommodated during and after the vulcanisation process without undue stress on the bond between the coating and the sheet covering. The anti-fouling sheet covering is preferably applied by winding strip material around the tubular member. The strip c have any suitable width, say for example 150 mm, and thickness say 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The deformation can be applied to the she material by means of suitable metal deforming apparatus or by a metal stamping machine, and the size (height) of thtb deformatio can be selected as desired, the deformation height generally being dependent on the diameter of the tubular member to be covered. Before it is applied to the elastomer coating, the strip will be chemically or mechanically cleaned and a bonding agent preferably applied on the strip surface contacting the elastome coating. According to a further aspect of the present inventipn, an anti-fouling covering assemblage for fitting to a tubular structure comprises a plurality of part circular, preferably semi-circular, covering units, each unit including a metal sheeting part, the sheeting parts providing at least one indentation or corrugation, preferably inwardly directed when th assemblage is fitted on a tubular structure. Preferably the sheeting parts are bonded to a coating layer for location between the sheeting and the tubular structure, and the assemblage can be secured to a tubular structure, e.g. pipe by any suitable means, for example by straps or bands. By means of the present invention, the metal sheet covering can represent a substantially clean cylinder without major exterior obstructions and this will encourage lower loading to b encountered during fluid loading when in use in a sύb-sea environment. However, the indentation will facilitate expansio and contraction in the covering. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Fig. 1 shows a schematic pictorial view of a covering of th present invention applied to a pipe; Fig. 2 shows the deformed, trough, part of portion A of Fig 1 to a larger scale Fig. 3 shows an end view of the covering as fitted to a pipe or conduit; Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of the covering being applied to a pipe; Fig. 5 shows a retro-fit covering assemblage in accordance with the present invention; and Figs. 6 and 7 shows further forms of covering unit. Referring to the drawings, Fig. 4 illustrates the formation of a protected tubular marine structure, i.e. sub-sea structure 10 in this embodiment, more especially a covered pipe 11 for the supply or delivery of fluid, and it is shown with portions cut away for clarity. Other tubular structures, such as legs or jackets of off-shore structures, may be similarly protected. The structure 10 comprises a length of steel pipe 11 the outer surface of which is completely coated with an anti- corrosion material 12 and then totally encapsulated with a strip of anti-fouling metallic material 13 such as copper or copper- nickel. The strip is applied in a spiral manner by hand or by machine while rotating the coated pipe. Prior to application to the coated pipe 11, the metallic strip 13 is deformed to provide a series of transverse indentations 14, each in the form of a corrugation, the indentations 14 extending from one side of non- deformed surface portions 13A as is best seen in Fig. 3, the size of each surface portion 13A defining the spacing of the indentations. The indentations (corrugations) 14 can be applied by means of suitable metal deforming apparatus, such as roller apparatus or a metal stamping machine. Also, the metallic ridged strip 13 is chemically or mechanically cleaned and a bonding agent is applied to the surface of the strip contacting the material 12 before the strip is wound onto the coated pipe 11. When the strip 13 is wound spirally onto the pipe 11, the indentations 14 extend longitudinally or essentially longitudinally of the pipe to form inwardly directed troughs (as can be seen in Fig. 3). The convulations of the spirally would strip 13 may be arranged simply to have edge abutment but a slight overlap of the convulations would also be possible to ensure satisfactory covering of the pipe. The anti-corrosion coating 12 may be an epo__y resin which after the metal strip has been wound into the pipe, is cured chemically in a manner known per se in the art. Preferably however, the anti-corrosion coating is an elastomeric material. Once the strip 13 has been wound onto the pipe 11 coated with an elastomeric material, a temporary covering, not shown i wrapped around the metallic covering, e.g. a nylon tape applied at high pressure, e.g. 70 - 120 Kilos to provide a restricting force, over the full length of the metallic covering, and thereafter the elastomeric material is vulcanised at, for exampl 11°° to 17Oo C to form an elastomer. On completion of the vulcanisation process the temporary covering can be removed. The space between the strip covering 13 and the pipe 11 is fully filled with elastomeric material 12, the winding of the strip 13 onto the coated pipe 11, (using the application process above described) resulting in the troughs 14 pressing into the coating 11. On cooling after vulcanisation, the differential i contraction of the elastomer and metal covering is accommodated due to the strip covering having the ability to have annular displacement (by virtue of the troughs 14) or even deform. On contraction of the elastomer the deformation of the metal covering is therefore evenly distributed. The elastomer bond so formed can now accommodate the differing rates of contraction and expansion of the elastomer 12 and anti-fouling strip 13 by virtue of the troughs 14. Furthermore the elastomer vulcanised within the troughs 14 will enable the anti-fouling strip 13 to better withstand impacts. It is a feature of the arrangement that only a limited number of troughs 14 are arranged on the circumference of the covered pipe 11 (considered with regard to a single cross-sectio of the covered pipe as shown on Fig. 3 - in practice a series of staggered deformations 14 will be present along the length of th pipe as shown in Fig. 1. In particular 4 such troughs 14 are present in Fig. 3 and it is preferable that there should be no more than about 10: consequently the total area of the indent ridges 14 will in general be less than 20% of the total area of the strip 13 and in any event will be no more than 70% of the strip total area. The profile of the indentation 14 will be suitably chosen, particularly with regard to the width (W) to depth (D) ratio of the indentation and this wil be especially dependant on the diameter of the pipe, but by way of example W/D could be greater than two. Only a limited number of indentations 14 are present circumferentially at one section, but preferably two or more are present. In any event it is preferred that the projected circumferential area of the indentations 14 in combination (conveniently calculable using dimension W) is not greater than 20% of the total circumferential area of the covering. The coating 12, for example 6mm thick can be formed from polychloroprene (elastomer) , while the metal sheeting 13 can comprise a 90/10 cupro-nickel cladding. A break 20 in the electrical continuity of the anti-fouling covering can be present; and introduced after the covering has been applied. The above covering arrangement conveniently allows expansion and contraction of the pipe 11 and elastomer coating 12 to occur during manufacture or in service, while preventing or limiting stress between the layers of the metal sheeting 13 and the coating 12. Further, the outer surface of the covering is essentially of a clean form without substantial obstruction, and indeed can approximate closely to a smooth cylinder, with the result that the co-efficient of drag (Cd) is kept to a low level so keeping fluid loading on the pipe assembly low when in use in a sub-sea environment. The smooth covering form also avoids obstructions when the assembly is passing through guides and clamps during handling at the fabrication site. In the case of a fully corrugated covering, waves will be able to get a more pronounced "grip" on the covering so increasing the wave loading on the covered pipe (or tubular member) , but such wave loading will be considerably reduced when a covering strip of the present invention is utilised. The use of fewer corrugations will enable the use of less amount of material (for the same sheet thickness) to cover a given tubular area. While the above related to a complete covered pipe assembly 10, it would be possible to have the covering as a separate assemblage to serve as a retro-fit system on an existing pipe installation. In an example of forming such an assemblage, th previously described covered pipe forming procedure could be utilised generally but in this case no bonding agent would be present between the pipe 11 and the coating 12 so preventing a bond between the pipe and the elastomer coating - the pipe 11 effectively serving as a form of mandrel. The metal sheeting would be applied as previously. After the covering has been formed and the coating cured, this covering will be cut longitudinally as indicated at L in Fig. 3 (and by dashed line in Fig. l) and possibly also circumferentially at convenient lengths (for example at 2 metres) . The assemblage 21A, (shown in Fig. 5) can then be removed from the pipe/mandrel 11 by virt of the flexibility of the assemblage, and placed in readiness f fitting to existing tubulars of similar size, for example off¬ shore. The assemblage 21A, can be secured on the tubular by a suitable means, for example by straps or bands 22. In an alternative arrangement shown in Fig. 6 integral one-piece semi circular metal sheets are used to form integral parts 41A, 41B, formed for example by stamping on a die/mandrel, and the coatin 12 can be applied at an appropriate time. The spacing of the deformations 14 and the (helix) angle o the deformations 14 relative to the tubular member axis will be determined by the diameter of the tubular member and by the likely environmental conditions in which the member operates. Sub-sea structures including covered tubular members in accordance with the present invention can be used in both shall and deep water environments. Instead of having tl deformations 14 as inwardly directed troughs, it may be preferred in some circumstances to have the deformations 14 of the covering as outwardly directed ridges as shown in Fig. 7 but a limited number of these ridges would be present just as in the case of troughs. In the formation of t covering with ridges, the elastomer 12 will flow into the conve spaces of the ridges during vulcanisation. In a further modification, the anti-fouling strip could have a combination o ridges and troughs (circumferentially spaced by ήon-deforraed metal sheet portions.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A covering to protect a tubular sub-sea structure from fouling .by marine organisms, said covering comprising anti- fouling metal sheeting formed with deformations to provide circumferentially spaced ridges on the covering. 2. A covering to protect sub-sea structures from fouling by marine growth comprising anti-fouling metal sheeting having at least one deformation forming an inwardly directed trough on the covering. 3. A covering as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal sheeting is in strip form with the deformation extending transversely on the strip. 4. A covering as claimed in claim 3, wherein the deformation extends to opposed edges of the strip, i.e. each ridge or trough is defined by a corrugation. 5. A covering as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal sheeting is of copper or copper nickel material. 6. A covering as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at any one transverse section of the covering, there are no more than ten of said deformations present circumferentially. 7. A covering as claimed in claim 6, wherein the deformations are spaced by non-deformed areas on the sheting such that the total area of the deformations is not greater than 40% of the total area of the sheeting. 8. A covering as claimed in claim 7, wherein the deformation area is no greater than 20% of the total area. 9. A tubular composite for use in a sub-sea structure; said tubular composite comprising a base tube, and an outer anti- fouling covering; said anti-fouling covering comprising anti- fouling metal sheeting which is deformed to provide spaced ridges or trough. 10. A process for applying an anti-fouling covering to a tubular member of a sub-sea structure to protect said member from foulin by marine growths, said process comprising the steps of applying a coating of elastomeric anti-corrosion material to the outer surface of the tubular member, applying anti-fouling sheet covering with spaced deformations to the elastomeric coating to enclose the tubular member, applying a moulding pressure on the sheet covering to provide a restricting force thereto and to apply a bond between the sheet covering and the elastomeric material, and vulcanising the elastomeric material, the arrangement being such that the spaced deformations of the anti fouling covering allow movement of any changes on the circumference of the elastomeric coating to be accommodated during and after the vulcanisation process without undue stress on the bond between the coating and the sheet covering. 11. An anti-fouling covering assemblage for fitting to a tubul structure comprises a plurality of part circular, preferably se circular, covering units, each unit including a metal sheeting part, the sheeting parts providing at least one indentation or corrugation, preferably inwardly directed when the assemblage i fitted on a tubular structure. 12. A covering as claimed in claim 10, wherein the sheeting parts are bonded to a coating layer for location between the sheeting and the tubular structure.

Inventors: ARNOTT THOMAS CHRISTOPHER, ARNOTT, THOMAS, CHRISTOPHER
Applicants: BRITISH PIPE COATERS, BRITISH PIPE COATERS LIMITED
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B08B17
IPC codes: B08B17, E02B17, E21B17, F16L58