FILTER FOR CONTINUOUS FILTRATION

Abstract: A filter for continuous filtering of a suspension under pressure and/or vacuum includes a vessel (1) having a center axle (2) on which filter discs (3) are arranged at a distance from each other along the center axle. The filter discs consist of filter sectors having surrounding filter cloth and internal channels. Between the filter sectors and an outlet from the vessel (1) a connection means is provided in the center axle (2). Moreover, a removal device (7) is arranged for removing the filter cake (8) on the filter cloth received during the filtering operation and a device (12) for receiving the filter cake material removed by the removal device (7). The center axle (2) is formed with only one channel common for the filtrate and the gas from all filter sectors in the vessle (1) and is preferably a tube.

Description: FILTER FOR CONTINUOS FILTRATION . The present invent i on rela tes to a f i l ter f or c ont inuous f i lter¬ ing of a suspens ion . The f il tering takes place under pres sure or under vacuum or under a combination of pres sure and vacuum . As previously known the filter includes a vessle containing the suspension to a certain level and a space with gas positioned above the suspension, a substantially horiεontal centre axle rotatably arranged in the vessle, filter discs arranged at a distance from each other along the centre axle substantially perpendicular to the axle, said filter discs consist of filter sectors having surrounding filter cloth and internal channels for filtrate and gas obtain during the filtering operation, connection means in the centre axle between the filter sectors and an outlet from the vessle, removal means for each filter disc arranged in the gas space for the removing filter- cake on the filter cloth obtained during the filtering operation, and means for receiving the filter cake material removed by said removal means . In previously known filters of above mentioned kind said connec¬ tion means in the centre axle between the filter sectors and the outlet from the vessle consists of a number of channels corres¬ ponding to the number of filter sectors. Thus, when the number of filter sectors for instance is 20, which often is the case, there are accordingly in the centre axle 20 channels meaning that the centre axle must be formed with relatively large diameter and also is complicated and expensive. According to the present invention, however, said connection means in the centre axle between the filter sectors and the outlet consists of only one channel common for filtrate and the gas from all filter sectors in the vessle. This means an essen¬ tially cheaper manufacture cost for the centre axle and RRECTED furthermore the axle can be manufatured with considerably less diameter. Another advantage connected with the fact that the centre axle can be manufactured with less diameter is that the diameter of the filter discs can be decreased with maintained filtering surface. Preferably the centre axle consists of a tube, which means a still more simplified and cheaper manuf cture. The configuration of the center axle with only one channel gives furthermore another essential advantage. In a preferred embodi¬ ment of the invention a filtrate separator is connected to the center axle and arranged for separating filtrate and gas. In previously known filters there are sealing problems in the transition from the center axle. This transition has been made by using a so called filtrate valve having a wear disk as sealing between the rotating center axle and outlet tube to the filtrate separator. The filtrated liquid which flows in the channels through the outlet is rather clean and wears less in the center of the wear disk and axle, while the outer portion of the sealing is in unfiltrated medium which forces its way in between the sealing surfaces and wear the sealing element at the periphery. For this reason it has been necessary to change wear disk relatively often and furthermore there is a risk for wear of the end of the center axle. Moreover, this transition from rotating center axle to stationary connection to the filtrate separator is complicated and expensive. These disadvantages have to a great degree been eliminated in a preferred embodiment of the invention and particulary when the center axle consists of a tube, wherein for the connection between the veεsle outlet and the filtrate separator the separator is provided with a tube having a dimension corresponding to the center tube of the vessle and wherein a coupling including a sealing is provided for interconnection of the tubes. Besides that such a connection is essentially cheaper than above mentioned filtrate valve no sealing problems exist. In previously known filters of the kind mentioned above the removal device consists of a doctor or so called scraper, which is arranged immediately above the suspension level where the filter sectors inmerge down into the suspension, i.e. at the end of the rotation of the filter sectors in the gas space. In this filters the scrapers are therefore positioned substantially horizontally. Such a positioning of the scrapers causes, however, several disadvantages. Thus, the scraped-off material will shuffel over the scraper with accompanying risk for deposed on the scraper. Moreover, this positioning of the scrapers means a limitation of the use of the filtering surfaces of the filter discs, since the suspension level in the filter vessle can not be positioned higher than the position for the scraper. The positioning of the scrapers furthermore means, that the receiv- ing means for scraped-off material must be formed comparatively wide, at least in the upper part and then taper downwardly to a circular outlet, which results in the necessity of having a relatively large distance between the filter discs. Moreover, there is a risk for scraped-off material to be built up in the cone from rectangular cross section at the scrapers to circular cross section at the outlet for scraped-off material through the bottom of the vessle. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the above diεadvan- tages concerning the removal device have been eliminated. Thus the removal device consists of an essentially vertically arranged scraper for removing at least an outer layer of the filter cake along an essentially vertical line for essentially vertically sliding and falling down of the scraped-off filter cake material along the scraper. By this positioning of the scraper, scraped-off material will essentially drag-free slide and fall along the scraper and therefrom. The scraper is accord¬ ingly not under load. Moreover, the scraped-off material falls in a controlled form, principally hour-glass effect. Futhermore the risk is eliminated for scraped-off material to be built up as is the case when using previously known horisontally positioned scrapers. Another advantage with the positioning of the scrapers according to the invention is, that the suspension level in the filter can drastically be raised so that the filte- ring surface can be optimally used resulting in high and optimal capacity for each filter disc. Another advantage with the positioning of the scrapers according to the invention is that by this a filter construction having considerably less distance between the filter, discs on the center axle has been made possible, which makes possible an essentially smaller filter dimension than earlier in order to obtain the same capacity. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said receiving device consists of an essentially vertically arranged outlet pipe. Due to the form of the vertical scraper, this outlet pipe below the scraper can have smaller diameter than corresponding receiving device in previously known filters and this outlet pipe does not need to be conical. This contributes to above mentioned less distance between the filter disks. Preferably only an outer layer of the filter cake on the filter cloth is by the scraper removed for each revolution of the filter discs and the remaining filter cake, so called precoat layer, serves beside the filter cloth as filter. This precoat layer becomes in course of time too tight and must be removed. Conventionally a blow off of the entire precoat layer takes place by blowing air into one of the channels in the center axle via a filtrate valve arranged at the outlet end of the axle and the entire precoat layer from a sector falls off the filter cloth. This results in that a large amount falls at the same time down into the tapered receiving devices and results in great risk for clogging. The internal blowing causes also that the cloths of the sectors are blown up immediately ahead of the scraper resulting in great risk for the cloth to be damaged by the scraper. Moreover an uncontrolled blow-off of the precoat layer is obtained since the blown gas rushes through the filter cloth where it most easily can pass, i.e. where the layer first is released the gas rushes most easily out and accordingly leaves certain sector cloths unblown. In a preferred embodiment of the invention there is also a device for intermittent removal of the precoat layer and this device is positioned above the receiving device preferably formed as an outlet pipe and alongside the substantially vertical scraper. The precoat removal is preferably carried out by a substantially vertically positioned spray pipe for high pressure washing. The spray pipe is positioned immediately ahead of the scraper and the wash liquid is supplied to the wash pipe in a separate conduit. By this arrangement a controlled flushing iε obtained and flush-off material falls controlled and in less amount per time unit down into the receiving device compared with above mentioned blowing of the precoat layer in a previously known manner. In other words, the intermittent removal of the precoat ' layer in accor¬ dance with the present invention is operating only the material that at the moment iε fed to the removal device iε removed, i.e. a small layer per time unit. Nor iε there any risk for the cloth to be damaged by the scraper when using this removal according to the invention. This shape and positioning of the removal device contributes alεo to the compact construction of the filter. In accordance with prior art there is alεo in the present invention a device for intermittent washing of the filter cloth. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the device for said intermittent removal of the precoat layer and the device for the intermittent washing are one and the same device, which in a constructive point of view iε advantageous. Beside above mentioned advantages achieved by a filter according to the invention also the following can be mentioned: - the number of filter sectors iε limited to what can be inser¬ ted into the filter via the openings for the aεεembly, - a small number of filter sectors and filter discε eanε small manufacture and asεe bly errors, - more straight filter sectors can be manufactured, - the filtering can be driven a longer time since the scraper can come closer to the filter disc without any risk that it will grip in and damage the filter cloth, - lower manufacture costs, - lower maintenance costs, - lower shut down time, - the diameter of the filter discs can be decreased with main¬ tained filtering surface owing to the fact that the center axle has leεε diameter, - the filtering εurface of the filter discs can be used opti¬ mally εince the suspension level can be raised in the filter vessle, - maximum capacity per installed filter surface is achieved, - the volume of the filter can compared with previously known filters of the kind in queεtion and with at leaεt aε large capacity be made eεεentially leεε and to an eεεentially lower coεt, wherein for instance the diεtance between each filter disc can be decreased with about 35% meaning also shorter center axle, the diameter of the vesεle can be made essentially less and the diameter of the filter discε essentially less, - lower maintaince costε, - smaller shutdown times. The invention is in the following described more in detail in an embodiment with reference to enclosed schematic drawing, wherein fig. 1 shows a lateral view, partly cut-up, of a filter according to the invention, fig. 2 shows a vertical section of the filter, and fig. 3 shows in larger scale a view from above of certain elements included in the illustrated filter. The filter shown on the drawing, which in this embodiment is a pressure filter, includes as previously known pressure filters a substantially cylindrical pressure vessle 1, a center axle 2 rotatably journaled in the pressure vessle and a number of filter discs 3 arranged at a distance from each other on the center axle. Each filter diβc consists of a number of disc sectorε (not shown) , for instance having the configuration shown in US patent No. 4695381. Aε usual, the filter sectors conεistε of a surrounding filter cloth and interior channels which are connected to the center axle for discharging the filtrate and gaε obtained during the filtering operation to a filtrate separator 4 for separating filtrate and gaε. The gas is returned to the presεure vessle 1 via gas conduit 5 provided with a compressor 6. Moreover, the filter indludeε a removal device or scraper 7 for removing the filter cake 8 (see fig. 3) obtained on the filter cloth during the filtering operation, a device 9 for removing filter cake material on the cloth positioned inside scraped-off filter material, so called precoat layer, a device 12 for receiving the removed filter cake material and a device for washing the filter cloth. The filter vessle haε furthermore an inlet 10 for supplying suspension and maintaining the suspension at a certain level 11 in the pressure vessle. The pressure vesεle shown on the drawing presents, however, several essential novelties compared with previously known filters. An essential novelty in the filter according to the invention iε that the center axle consists of only one channel common for filtrate and gas from all filter sectorε in the pressure vessle as distinguished from previously known filters where the filter axle has been formed with a channel from each filter sector. Aε shown on the drawing, the center axle consists of only one cylindrically tube with connections to the filter sectorε. Besideε a considerably simpler construction and leεs manufacture costs also an essentially simpler and more relyable connection 15 to the filtrate separator 4 iε obtained compared with the comparatively complicated filtrate valves which are arranged at the center axles formed with several channels in previously known filters. The connection 15 is positioned outside the filter vesεle adjacent the vessle but can also be positioned at another place, for instance inside the filter vessle. The connection 15 between the rotating center tube 2 and a tube 16 connected to the filtrate separator 4 is constructively simple and allows a simple sealing, preferably a mechanical sealing. Aε to the center axle it εhall furthermore be mentioned that it can be manufactured with considerably lesε diameter than center axles including a number of channels aε in previouεly known filterε . Another eεsential novelty in the filter according to the invention compared with the previously known filters is that the scraper 7 is substantially vertically arranged in the gas space above the suspension level, whereby scraped-off material falls in a controlled form from the scraper and does not load the scraper and furthermore the riεk for εcraped-off material to be built up on the scraper is eliminated. The scraper can preferably be somewhat inclined outwardly seen from the center axle 2. The receiving device 12 for the scraped-off material consists of a vertical cylindrical tube having less diameter than previously known receiving devices formed with a cone, whereby also the risk for. scraped-off material to be built up in the receiving device is eliminated. This positioning of the scraper and the shape of the receiving device as a cylindrical tube means that the distance between the filter discs can be made essentially less than what has been earlier the case (for instance about 35% less). The positioning of the scraper also meanε that the suspension level in the filter can be esεentially raised, whereby the filtration surface can be used optimally. 5.. Aε appears from the drawing the εcraper 7 iε adjuεtable about an axle 13. Having a configuration according to the invention the removal of 0 so called precoat layer and the washing of the filter cloth can be carried out in an advantageous way. A εubstantially vertical¬ ly arranged removing device combined with wash device is in form of a spray tube 9 arranged ahead of the scraper in the rota¬ tional direction of the filter discs and above the outlet pipe 5 12. The spray tube receives spray liquid from conduit 14. Sprayed-off material falls herewith controlled down into the tube 12 and in an adapted amount per time unit. Moreover, the risk for the filter cloth on the filter diεcε to be damaged by the εcraper is eliminated aε distinguished from what is the case 0 in previously known filters where the removal of the precoat layer takes place by blowing from inside outwardly through the filter cloth. As to filter discε and filter sectors the following advantages 5 are obtained in a filter according to the invention. The number of filter sectorε can be- limited to what iε possible to insert in the filter through assembly openings to the filter vesεle and a small number of filter sectorε per filter disc means small manufacture and asεembly errors and that more straight sectors 0 can be manufactured. The diameter of the filter discs can be decreased with maintained filtering surface owing to the fact that the center axle has leεε diameter. Moreover, the filtering surface of the filter discε can be used optimally since the suspension level can be raised in the filter veεεle. Thus, 5 maximum capacity per installed filter surface iε obtained. The lesε number and more straight filter sectorε having less diameter furthermore means that the scraper can scrape-off the filter cake closer to the filter cloths without risk for the scraper to grasp in the filter cloth. The precoat layer therefore does not need to be changed as often as in earlier known filters resulting in longer operation times. Owing to the thinner precoat layer this iε alεo easier to remove. As to the filter vessle the volume can be considerably decreased with maintained capacity. Thus, the filter vessle can for instance have about 15% less diameter and filter discs have about 12% less diameter; particularly however the length of the filter vessle can be considerably decreased by the fact that the distance between two filter diεcs can be essentially decreased, for instance for about 35%, meaning also a shorter a center axle. A smaller vesεle alεo means that thinner plate for the vesεle can be used, The smaller size also gives shorter maintenance time meaning less risk for sedimentation in the vesεle. A filter for continouε filtering under pressure has been shown on the drawing and described above. It shall, however, be noted that the filter can be " a vacuum filter and also be constructed for filtering during both pressure and vacuum. Nor is the invention limited to the configurations of different elements in the filter which have been described above in connection with the shown embodiment, but the invention can be varied in many ways within the frame of the following claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Filter for continuous filtering of a suspension under pressure and/or vaccum, comprising a vessle (1) containing the suspension to a certain level and a εpace of gas positioned above the suspension, a substantially horisontal central axle (2) rotatably arranged in the vessle, filter discs ( 3) arranged at a distance from each other along the centre axle substantially perpendicular to this, said filter discε consist of filter sectors with surrounding filter cloth and internal channels for filtrate and gas obtained during the filtering operation, connection means in the centre axle between the filter sectors and an outlet (15) from the vessle, removel means (9) for each filter disc arranged in the gaε space for removing filter cake (8) on the filter cloth obtained- during the filtering operation, and meanε for receiving the filter cake material removed by said removel means, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said connection in the centre axle (2) between the filter sectors and the outlet (15) consists of only one channel common for the filtrate and the gas from all filter sectorε in the veεsle ( 1 ) . 2. Filter according " to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the centre axle (2) consists of tube. 3. Filter according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in a filtrate separator (4) connected to the outlet of the vessle and arranged for separating filtrate and gas. 4. Filter according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in a gas conduit (5) between the filtrate separator (4) and the veεsle (1) for returning the separated gas to the gaε εpace of the veεsle. 5. Filter according to claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in means (6) in the gas conduit (5) for increasing the gas pressure before returning the gas to the vesεle (1). 6. Filter according to claim 3-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the filtrate separator (4) iε for connection between the outlet of the veεsle (1) and the filtrate separator provided with a tube (16) corresponding in dimension to the centre axle (2) of the vessle and that a coupling (15) including a sealing is arranged for interconnection of the tubes. 7. Filter according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said removal meanε (7) consistε of a εubεtantially vertically arranged scraper for removing at least an outer layer of the filter cake (8) along a substantially vertical line for substantially vertical slide and falling down along the scraper (7) of the scraped-off filter cake material. 8. Filter according to claim l or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that said receiving meanε (12) consists of a substantially vertically arranged outlet pipe. 9. Filter according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in means (9) arranged in the gas space above said receiving means (12) and at the side of the scraper (7) for intermittent removal of the filter cake material positioned on the filter cloth inside the scraped-off filter cake material . 10. Filter according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in means (9) for intermittent waεhing of the filter cloth. 11. Filter according to claim 4 or 5 , c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that εaid meanε (6) for said intermittent removal and said means (9) for εaid intermittent washing consiεtε of one and the εame means . 12. Filter according to claim 11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that εaid same meanε (99) conεists of a substantially vertically arranged spray tube for high presure εpraying. 13. Filter according to any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the suspension level (11) in the vessle iε positioned above the center axle (2).

Inventors: STRID KENT, STRID, KENT
Applicants: HEDEMORA AB
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B01D33
IPC codes: B01D33, B01D35, B01D36, B01D37