END FED FLAT ANTENNA

Abstract: A planar antenna is arranged on a non-conductive substrate having an exposed, planar surface. The antenna includes a planar conductive antenna element disposed on the substrate surface. This antenna element has a first end, a second end, and a substantially linear portion extending from said first end toward the second end. A planar, conductive and substantially linear coupling element is disposed on the substrate surface and extends adjacent to, and in parallel with, the linear portion of the antenna element. This coupling element has a third end arranged adjacent to the first end of the antenna element and a fourth end located between the first and second ends of the antenna element. An electrical connector is coupled to the first end and the third end, for providing electrical energy to and/or receiving electrical energy from the antenna.

Description: END FED FLAT ANTENNA BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention related to a flat (planar) antenna of the dipole type which is arranged to be supplied with an electrical signal, and/or to produce an electrical signal at one end. An antenna of the type to which the present invention relates may be contained in a transponder of a "passive interrogator label system". A "passive interrogator label system", so-called, is a radar system utilizing transponders which are capable of receiving an interrogating first signal, processing this singal and transmitting a second signal in reply that is derived from the first signal and contains encoded information. Because the encoded information normally includes an identification code that is unique to each transponder, and because the transponders of such a system are relatively light weight and small and may be easily attached to other objects to be identified, these transponders are sometimes referred to as "labels". Furthermore, the transponders, which may be implemented by SAW devices, carry no self-contained power source, such as a battery, that must be periodically replaced. Consequently, these transponders are denominated as being "passive"; hence the name "passive interrogator label system" . Passive interrogator label system of the type to which the present invention relates are disclosed, for example, in the following U.S. patents: U.S. Patent No. 4,737,789 of Paul S. Nysen for "Inductive Antenna Coupling for a Surface Acoustic Wave Transponder; U.S. Patent No. 4,703,327 of Anthony J. Rossetti and Paul A. Nysen for "Interrogator/Receiver System for Use With a Remote Transponder"; and U.S. Patent No. 4,737,790 of Halvor Skeie and Donald Armstrong for "Passive Interrogator Label System with a Surface Acoustic Wave Transponder Operating at its Third Harmonic and Having Increased Bandwidth". In general, a passive interrogator label system includes an "interrogator" for transmitting a first radio frequency signal; at least one passive transponder which receives this first signal, processes it, and sends back a second radio frequency signal containing encoded information; and a receiver, normally located next to the interrogator, for receiving the second signal and decoding the transponder encoded information. The passive transponder, as disclosed in these patents, comprises a SAW device and a dipole antenna, which is either electrically or inductively coupled to the SAW transducers on the SAW device. The dipole antenna may be formed by either printing conductive ink (e.g. silver) on a substrate in the prescribed antenna pattern, or by stamping a metal foil into the size and shape of the antenna pattern, and bonding this foil by heat and pressure to the substrate (e.g. a polyeth line coated Mylar sheet) . The antenna with its substrate is therefore relatively flat and thin and, depending upon the radio frequency of operation, is relatively modest in its lateral dimensions. For example, the antenna characteristics required for this application, operating at a frequency of approximately 915 MHz. , determine that the antenna be physically approximately one inch wide and three inches long. The SAW device, to which the antenna is coupled, is also placed on the substrate to form the complete assembly or "label". Whereas the dipole antenna, with the SAV7 device mounted between the dipoles, is satisfactory for most ID tap applications, it would be advantageous, in some applications, to locate the SAW device at one end of the antenna. Such arrangement would simplify packaging the SAW device - antenna combination (label) and would reduce the effect on the label of an adjacent physical body. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a planar antenna of the dipole type which receives an electrical signal from, and feeds an electrical signal to, electrical terminals at one end of the antenna. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a planar, end fed antenna which may be inductively coupled to a SAW device or other signal processing element. These objects, as well as other objects which will become apparent from the discussion that follows, are achieved in accordance with the present invention, by providing (1) a planar, conductive antenna element having a first end, a second end and a substantially linear portion extending from the first end toward the second end; and (2) a planar, conductive and substantially linear coupling element extending adjacent to, and in parallel with, linear portion of the antenna element. This coupling element has a third end arranged adjacent to the first end of the antenna element and a fourth end located between the first and second ends of the antenna element. With this antenna, a SAW device, or other signal source or sink may be electrically coupled between the first end of the antenna element and the third end of the coupling element to provide an electrical signal to and/or receive and electrical signal from the antenna. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this source or sink comprises an inductive loop connected between the aforementioned first end and the third end for transmitting and/or receiving an inductively coupled input/output signal to and/or from the antenna. For a full understanding of the present invention, reference should now be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a representational diagram of a dipole antenna. Fig. 2 is a representational diagram of a dipole antenna with a quarter wave feedline. Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c are diagrams of a dipole antenna with a quarter wave feedline progressively collapsed toward one dipole. Figs. 4-10 are diagrams of antennas in accordance with various preferred embodiments of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 1-10 of the drawings. Identical elements represented in these various figures are designated with the same reference numerals. Fig. 1 illustrates a typical dipole antenna 10 comprising separate antenna elements 12 and 14. A signal source or sink 16 i electrically connected to the inner endslδ and 20 of the dipole elements 12 and 14, respectively, for supplying a signal to, or receiving a signal from the antenna 10. Fig. 2 shows how the dipoles may be supplied via a quarter wave transmission line 22 formed by parallel conductive bars 24 and 26 spaced apart by a gap width G and having a length /4, where is the electrical wavelength at the frequency of operation of the antenna. As is well known, the significant variables in the design of an RF transmission line are the length of the line, the gap width and the dielectric found in the gap. Figs. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate how the quarter wave transmission line may be collapsed into one dipole so that the antenna may be electrically connected to a signal source or sink arranged at one end. As shown in Figs. 3a and 3b, the transmission line may be folded toward one (the lefthand) dipole; as shown in Fig. 3c, the feed line and the lefthand dipole may be collapsed into a single bar. If the dipole is the same length as the transmission line, the apparent signal source or sink is at the center of the antenna. The antenna shown in Fig. 3 thus comprises a planar, conductive antenna element 14 and 24 having a first end 30, a second end 32 and a linear portion 24 extending from the first end 30 toward the second end 32. In addition, the antenna includes a planar, conductive linear coupling element 26 which extends adjacent to, and in parallel with, the linear portion 24 of the antenna element. The coupling element has third end 34 arranged adjacent to the first end 30 of the antenna element and a fourth end 36 located between the first and second ends 30 and 32, respectively, of the antenna element. The signal source or sink 16 is electrically connected between the first end 30 of the antenna element and the third end 34 of the coupling element. Figure 4 shows how a signal source or sink may be inductively coupled to an end fed antenna according to the present invention. As is there shown, the signal source/sink 16 is electrically connected to an inductive loop 38 which, in turn, is inductively coupled to a partial loop 40 connected between the first end 30 and the third end 34 of the antenna. Fig. 5 illustrates an antenna with a meander portion 42 extending from the linear portion 24 of the antenna element. This meander portion adjusts the resonant length of the s ructure. Fig. 6 shows an antenna which has been enlarged to its maximum dimensions on a card-like, non-conductive substrate 44. The resonant length of the structure is adjusted by providing a "tail" 46. Fig. 7 shows an antenna similar to that of Fig. 5 arranged on a non-conductive substrate 44. The antenna is inductively coupled to a SAW device 47 which is placed directly over the antenna's inductive loop 40. The SAW device 47 incorporates a complementary inductive loop for coupling a signal to and from the antenna. Fig. 8 shows still another antenna configuration, which is presently the best mode for practicing the invention. This antenna is similar to that of Figs. 5 and 7 but includes an additional planar, conductive, meander element 48, disposed on the substrate surface, having fifth and sixth ends 50 and 52, respectively. The fifth end 50 is electrically coupled to the first end 30 of the linear portion 24 of the antenna element. This meander element serves to increase the inductance of the antenna, thereby tuning the antenna to the inductively coupled source or sink. Figs. 9 and 10 show additional antenna structures according to the present invention which include reflectors 54 and 56, respectively. These reflectors improve the isolation of the antenna from other reflecting elements in the vicinity. In summary, the present invention contemplates a planar (flat) antenna incorporating a transmission line that permits direct electrical connection (or inductive coupling) to one end of the antenna. The transmission line is formed of two legs: a linear portion of the antenna element itself and a separate, linear coupling element. This transmission line operates to contain a non-radiating field within the interior of the antenna (between the two legs) while permitting radiation to occur on the outside of the antenna. Although the antenna is driven from one end, the antenna operates as if the signal source or sink were connected at its center. There has thus been shown and described a novel planar antenna which fulfills all the objects and advantages sought therefor. Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the subject invention will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering this specification and the accompanying drawings which disclose the preferred embodiments thereof. All such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention which is limited only by the claims which follow.

Claims: C L A I M S 1. A planar antenna arranged on a non-conductive substrate having an exposed, planar surface, said antenna comprising: (a) a planar conductive antenna element disposed on said substrate surface, said antenna element having a first end, a second end and a substantially linear portion extending from said first end toward said second end; (b) a planar, conductive and substantially linear coupling element disposed on said substrate surface and extending adjacent to, and in parallel with, said linear portion of said antenna element, said coupling element having a third end arranged adjacent to said first end of said antenna element and a fourth end located between said first and second ends of said antenna element; and (c) means, electrically coupled to said first end and said third end, for providing electrical energy to and/or receiving electrical energy from said antenna. 2. The antenna defined in claim 1, wherein said antenna element includes a meander portion extending from said linear portion to said second end. 3. The antenna defined in claim 1, wherein said electrically coupled means includes an inductive loop connected between said first end and said third end for receiving and/or transmitting an inductively coupled input/output signal. 4. The antenna defined in claim 1, further comprising a reflector element arranged adjacent to said antenna element and substantially in parallel with said linear portion of said antenna element, said reflector element having a substantially linear reflective edge extending from a point adjacent said first end to a point adjacent said second end of said antenna element. 5. The antenna defined in claim 4, wherein said reflector element is disposed on said substrate surface. 6. The antenna defined in claim 1, further comprising a planar conductive element disposed on said substrate surface and having fifth and sixth ends, said fifth end being electrically coupled to at least one of said first and third ends. 7. The antenna defined in claim 1, wherein said linear coupling element has a length of 4 between its two ends, wherein is the electrical wavelength at the frequency of operation of said antenna.

Inventors: NAGEL JON L, NYSEN PAUL A, NAGEL, JON, L., NYSEN, PAUL, A.
Applicants: X CYTE INC, X-CYTE INC.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G01S13
IPC codes: G06K7, H01Q9