ORBITING MEMBER FLUID DISPLACEMENT APPARATUS WITH ROTATION PREVENTING MECHANISM

Abstract: The present invention discloses a durable rotation prevent­ ing/thrust bearing device (37) for use in an orbiting member fluid displacement apparatus. The rotation preventing/thrust bearing device (37) includes a discrete fixed portion, a discrete orbital portion and bearing elements. The fixed portion includes a first race (371) and first ring (372) both of which are formed separately. The first (371) race is placed in a first groove (113) in an inner surface of the housing and the first ring (372) is attached to the housing. The orbital portion includes a second race (374) and second ring (375) both of which are formed separately. The second race (374) is placed in a second groove (274) in an end plate of the orbiting member and the second ring (375) is attached to the end plate of the orbiting member. A plurality of pockets (372a, 375a) are formed axially in the rings toward the respective races. The pockets of the rings face one another in generally aligned pairs. A bearing element (377) is received in each aligned pair of pockets to prevent the rotation of the orbiting member by the bearing elements interacting with the first and second rings and to carry the axial thrust load from the orbiting member. The first and second races are placed within the first and second annular grooves respectively in order to be able to circumferentially and radially move within a restricted range.

Description: This invention relates to a rotary fluid displacement apparatus, and more particularly, to an improvement in a rotation preventing/thrust bearing device for an orbiting member fluid displacement apparatus. There are several types of fluid apparatus which utilize an orbiting piston or fluid displacing member, such as a scroll type fluid displacement apparatus disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 801,182 (Creux). The scroll type fluid displacement apparatus disclosed in '182 Patent includes two scrolls each having a circular end plate and a spiroidal or involute spiral element. These scrolls are maintained angularly and radially offset so that both spiral elements interfit to make a plurality of line contacts between their spiral curved surfaces to thereby seal off and define at least one pair of fluid pockets. The relative orbital motion of the two scrolls shifts the line contacts along the spiral curved surfaces and, as a result, the volume of the fluid pockets changes. Since the volume of the fluid pockets increases or decreases dependent on the direction of the orbital motion, the scroll type fluid displacement apparatus is applicable to compress, expand or pump fluids. Generally, in conventional scroll type fluid displacement apparatus, one scroll is fixed to a housing and the other scroll, which is the orbiting scroll, is eccentrically supported on a crank pin of a rotating shaft to cause the orbital motion. The scroll type fluid displacement apparatus also includes a rotation preventing device which prevents the rotation of the orbiting scroll to thereby maintain both scrolls in a predetermined angular relationship during operation of the apparatus. Sealing along the line contacts of the above conventional scroll type apparatus must be maintained because the fluid pockets are defined by the line contacts between the two spiral elements and as the line contacts shift along the surface of the spiral elements, the fluid pockets change volume due to the orbital motion of the orbiting scroll. Since the orbiting scroll in such conventional scroll type apparatus is supported in a cantilever manner, an axial slant of the orbiting scroll occurs. Axial slant also occurs because the movement of the orbiting scroll is not rotary motion around the center of the orbiting scroll, but is orbiting motion caused by eccentric movement of a crank pin driven by the rotation of a drive shaft. Several problems result from the axial slant; such as, loss of sealing of the line contact,and vibration of the apparatus during operation and noise caused by physical striking of the spiral elements. One simple and direct solution to this problem is the use of a thrust bearing device for carrying the axial load. Thus, scroll type fluid displacement apparatus have been provided with rotation preventing and thrust bearing devices within their housing. One recent attempt to improve rotation preventing and thrust bearing device for scroll type fluid displacement apparatus is described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,160,629 (Hidden et al) and 4,259,043 (Hidden et al). The rotation preventing and thrust bearing devices in these U.S.patents are integral with one another. The rotation preventing/thrust bearing device described in these U.S. patents (see, e. g., Figure 7 of Hidden et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,043), comprises one set of indentations formed on the end surface of the circular plate of the orbiting scroll and a second set of indentations formed on an end surface of a fixed plate attached to the housing. A plurality of spheres are placed between facing indentations. However, the indentations are formed directly on the end surface of orbiting scroll or the fixed plate. The production of this type of mechanism is therefore very intricate. Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, which are illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,492,543 (Iimori et al), one solution to the above disadvantage will be described. Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a part of a compressor and Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 500. Rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 500 surrounds a boss 527a of orbiting scroll 527 and includes an orbital portion, a fixed portion and bearings, such as a plurality of balls. The fixed portion includes (1) a first annular race 537 having one end surface fitted against the axial end surface of annular projection 512 of front end plate 511, and (2) a first ring 538 fitted against the other axial end surface of first race 537 to extend outwardly therefrom and cover the other axial end aurface of first race 537. First race 537 and ring 538 are attached to the axial end surface of annular projection 512 by pins 539. The orbital portion also includes (1) a second annular race 547, which has one end surface fitted against an axial end surface of circular plate 527b and (2) a second ring 548 fitted against the other axial end surface of second race 547 to extend outwardly therefrom and cover the other axial end surface of second race 547. A small clearance is maintained between the end surface of first ring 538 and the end surface of second ring 548. Second race 547 and ring 548 are attached to the end surface of circular plate 527b by pins 549. First ring 538 and second ring 548 each have a plurality of holes or pockets 538a and 548a in the axial direction, the number of holes or pockets in each ring 538, 548 being equal. Bearing elements, such as balls or spheres 550, are placed between facing generally aligned pairs of pockets 538a, 548a of first and second rings 538, 548, with the rings 538, 548 facing one another at a predetermined clearance. Referring to Figure 3, the operation of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 500 will be described. In Figure 3 the center of second ring 548 is placed at the right side and the rotating direction of the drive shaft is clockwise as indicated by arrow "A". When orbiting scroll 527 is driven by the rotation of the drive shaft, the center of second ring 548 orbits about a circle of radius "R " (together with orbiting scroll 527). However, a rotating force, i.e., moment, which is caused by the offset of the acting point of the reaction force of compression and the acting point of drive force, acts on orbiting scroll 527. This reaction force tends to rotate orbiting scroll 527 in a clockwise direction about center of second ring 548. But, as a shown in Figure 3, eighteen balls 550 are placed between the corresponding pockets 538a and 548a of rings 538 and 548. In the position shown in Figure 3, the interaction between the nine balls 550 at the top of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device and the edges of the pockets 538a and 548a prevents the rotation of orbiting scroll 527. The magnitude of the rotation preventing forces are shown as fc - fc in Figure 3. In the construction, as described above, the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 500 is made up of a pair of races and pair of rings, with each race and ring formed separately. Therefore, the parts of the rotation/thrust bearing device are easy to construct and the most suitable material for each part can be selected, for example, steel for each part. However, since first and second races 537, 547 are fixedly attached to the axial end surface of annular projection 512 and the end surface of circular end plate 527b, respectively, each of spheres 550 rolls on the races with tracing on a circle as shown in Figure 4 during orbital motion of orbiting scroll 527. Thereby, the surface of first and second races 537, 547 receiving the spheres tends to easily exfoliate at the circular trace with lapse of time. Consequentially, the exfoliation extends radially inwardly and radially outwardly from the circular trace so that a life of the compressor is reduced. On the other hand, referring to Figure 5, when second race 547′ is loosely disposed on the end surface of circular plate 527b′ in a radial direction and is covered by the second ring with a slight axial clearance, second race 547′ can freely rotate during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll. Therefore, the spheres roll on second race 547′ with tracing in an annular area "T" as shown in Figure 6. Since the above relation between the second race 547′ and the circular plate 527b′ of the orbiting scroll is applicable to the first race and the front end plate, the spheres also roll on the first race with tracing in an annular area as well. Accordingly, the annular area of the first and second races are rolled by virtue of receiving a thrust force generated by gas pressure in the fluid pockets through spheres so that the first and second races 537′, 547′ warp in the opposite direction as shown in Figure 7. Therefore, the races are required to be sufficiently thick to prevent the warp thereof. Thereby, weight of the races is increased so that weight of the compressor is increased. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a durable rotation preventing/thrust bearing device for an orbiting member fluid displacement apparatus without increase in weight thereof. According to the invention, there is provided an orbiting member fluid displacement apparatus including a housing, a fixed member attached to or integral with the housing and having a first end plate from which a first spiral element extends into the interior of the housing, an orbiting member having a second end plate from which a second spiral element extends, the first and second spiral elements interfitting at a radial offset to make a line contact to separate a fluid outlet from a fluid inlet; and a driving mechanism including a rotatable drive shaft connected to the orbiting member to drive the orbiting member in an orbital motion, rotation preventing/thrust bearing means connected to the orbiting member for preventing the rotation of the orbiting member and for carrying axial thrust load from the orbital member during orbital motion so that the line contact moves toward a discharge opening, the rotation preventing/thrust bearing means comprising a discrete fixed portion, a discrete orbital portion and bearing elements coupled between the portions, a centre plane extending through the centres of the bearing elements, the fixed portion including a first annular race and a first ring, the first annular race being positioned within a first annular recess formed in the housing, the first annular recess in the housing having an axial end surface spaced from the centre plane, the first ring being attached to the housing to cover the first race, the first ring being in contact with a contact surface of the housing spaced from the centre plane, the spacing between the centre plane and the contact surface being less than the spacing between the centre plane and the axial end surface, the first ring having a plurality of first pockets facing axially towards the first race, the orbital portion including a second annular race and a second ring, the second annular race being positioned within a second annular recess formed in the second end plate on an opposite side from which the second spiral element extends, the second annular recess in the second end plate having an axial end surface spaced from the centre plane, the second ring being attached to the second end plate to cover the second race and facing the first ring, the second ring being in contact with a contact surface of the second end plate spaced from the centre plane, the spacing between the centre plane and the contact surface of the second plate being less than the spacing between the centre plane and the axial end surface of the second recess, the second ring having a plurality of second pockets facing axially towards the second race, the bearing elements each being disposed within a generally aligned pair of the first and second pockets and contacting the first and second races to prevent the rotation of the orbiting member by the bearing elements interacting with the first and second rings and to carry the axial thrust load from the orbiting member on the first race through the bearing elements; characterised in that the first and second races are confined within the respective first and second annular recesses so as to be radially and circumferentially movable within a restricted range. In the accompanying drawings:- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a part of a scroll compressor unit illustrating a prior art construction of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device. Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device of Figure 1 illustrating the manner by which rotation is prevented. Figure 4 is a diagrammatic partial plan view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device shown in Figure 1, particularly illustrating a circle on which the spheres of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device roll during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll member. Figure 5 is a diagrammatic plan view of a rotation preventing/thrust bearing device of a scroll compressor unit according to one embodiment of another prior art. In the drawing, a circular plate of a an orbiting scroll member and a second race disposed on the axial end surface of the circular plate are illustrated. Figure 6 is a diagrammatic plan view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device shown in Figure 5, particularly illustrating an area in which the spheres of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device roll during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll member. Figure 7 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device shown in Figure 5 particularly illustrating a warp of the first and second races caused by the rolling action of the spheres. Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view of a compressor unit according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating the spiral elements of the fixed and orbiting scroll members. Figure 10 is an exploded perspective view of the driving mechanism in the embodiment of Figure 8. Figure 11 is a vertical sectional view of a part of the compressor according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 is a diagrammatic plan view of a rotation preventing/thrust bearing device of the scroll compressor unit shown in Figure 8. In the drawing, a circular plate of the orbiting scroll member and a second race disposed on the axial end surface of the circular plate are illustrated. Figure 13 is a diagrammatic plan view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device shown in Figure 8, particularly illustrating an area in which the spheres of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device roll during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll member. Figure 14 is a graph in which a region defining the amount of circumferential and radial movements of the second race shown in Figure 8 is shown. Figure 15 is a diagrammatic plan view of a rotation preventing/thrust bearing device of a scroll compressor unit according to one embodiment of a still another prior art. In the drawing, a circular plate of an orbiting scroll member and a second race disposed on the axial end surface of the circular plate are illustrated. Figure 16 is a diagrammatic partial plan view of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device shown in Figure 15, particularly illustrating an area in which the spheres of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device roll during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll member. Referring to Figure 8, a fluid displacement apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention in particular a scroll type refrigerant compressor unit 1 is shown. The compressor unit 1 includes a compressor housing 10 having a front end plate 11 and a cup shaped casing 12 which is attached to an end surface of front end plate 11. An opening 111 is formed in the center of front end plate 11 for the penetration or passage of a drive shaft 13. An annular projection 112 is formed in a rear end surface of front end plate 11. Annular projection 112 faces cup shaped casing 12 and is concentric with opening 111. An outer peripheral surface of annular projection 112 extends into an inner wall of the opening of cup shaped casing 12. Cup shaped casing 12 is fixed on the rear end surface of front end plate 11 by fastening device, for example, bolts and nuts. The opening portion of cup shaped casing 12 is thus covered by front end plate 11. An O-ring 14 is placed between the outer peripheral surface of annular projection 112 and the inner wall of the opening of cup shaped casing 12, to seal the mating surfaces of front end plate 11 and cup shaped casing 12. Front end plate 11 has an annular sleeve 15 projecting from the front end surface thereof which surrounds drive shaft 13 and defines a shaft cavity. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, sleeve 15 is separate front end plate 11. Therefore, sleeve 15 is fixed to the front end surface of front end plate 11 by screws (not shown). An O-ring 16 is placed between the end surface of front end plate 11 and an end surface of sleeve 15 to seal fitting surface of front end plate 11 and sleeve 15. Alternatively, sleeve 15 may be integral with end plate 11. Drive shaft 13 is rotatably supported by sleeve 15 through a bearing device 17 located within the front end of sleeve 15. Drive shaft 13 has a disk 18 at its inner end which is rotatably supported by front end plate 11 through a bearing device 19 located within opening 111 of front end plate 11. A shaft seal assembly 20 is coupled to drive shaft 13 within the shaft seal cavity of sleeve 15. A pulley 21 is rotatably supported by a bearing assembly 22 which is carried on the outer surface of sleeve 15. An electro-magnetic coil 23 is fixed about the outer surface of sleeve 15 by a support plate 24 and is received in annular cavity of pulley 21. An armature plate 25 is elastically supported on the outer end of drive shaft 13 which extends from sleeve 15. A magnetic clutch thus includes pulley 21, magnetic coil 23 and armature plate 25. In operation, drive shaft 13 is driven by an external drive power source, for example, a vehicle engine, through a rotation force transmitting device such as the above described magnetic clutch. A fixed scroll (fixed member) 26, an orbiting scroll (orbiting member) 27, a driving mechanism for orbiting scroll 27 and a rotation preventing/thrust bearing device for orbiting scroll 27 are located within an inner chamber of cup shaped casing 12. The inner chamber is formed between the inner wall of cup shaped casing 12 and front end plate 11. Fixed scroll 26 includes a circular end plate 261, a wrap or spiral element (fixed fluid displacement member) 262 affixed to or extending from one side surface of circular end plate 261, and a plurality of internally threaded bosses 263 axially projection from the other end surface of circular plate 261. An end surface of each boss 263 is sealed on the inner surface of an end plate 121 of cup shaped casing 12 and is fixed to end plate 121 by bolts 28. Fixed scroll 26 is thus fixed within cup shaped casing 12. Circular end plate 261 of fixed scroll 26 divides the inner chamber of cup shaped casing 12 into a discharge chamber 30 and a suction chamber 29 with a seal ring 31 placed between the outer peripheral surface of circular plate 261 and the inner wall of cup shaped casing 12. A hole or discharge port 264 is formed through circular plate 261 at a position near the center of spiral element 262; discharge port 264 is connected between the fluid pocket of the spiral element 262 and discharge chamber 30. Orbiting scroll 27 also includes a end plate 271 and a wrap or spiral element (orbiting fluid displacement member) 272 affixed to or extending from one side surface of circular end plate 271. Spiral element 272 and spiral element 262 of fixed scroll 26 interfit at angular offset of 180° and a predetermined radial offset. At least a pair of fluid pockets are thereby defined between both spiral elements 262 and 272. Orbiting scroll 27 which is connected to the driving mechanism and to the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device, is driven in an orbital motion at a circular radius "R₀" by rotation of drive shaft 13 to thereby compress fluid passing through the compressor unit. Generally, radius "R₀" of orbital motion given by the following formula: R₀ = (pitch of spiral element)-2(wall thickness of spiral element) 2 As shown in Figure 9, the pitch "P" of the spiral elements can be defined by "2πtg ", where "tg" is the involute generating circle radius. The radius of orbital motion "R₀" is also illustrated in Figure 9 as the locus of an arbitrary point "Q" on wrap 272 of orbiting scroll 27. The spiral element 272 is radially offset from spiral element 262 of fixed scroll 26 by the distance "R₀ " . Thus, orbiting scroll 27 undergoes orbital motion of a radius "R₀" upon rotation of drive shaft 13. As the orbiting scroll 27 orbits, the line contacts between both spiral element 262 and 272 moves toward the center of the spiral elements along the surfaces of the spiral elements. Fluid pockets, which are defined between spiral elements 262 and 272, also move to the center with a consequent reduction in volume and compression of the fluid in the fluid pockets. The fluid or refrigerant gas, which is introduced into suction chamber 29 from an external fluid circuit through an inlet port 31, is taken into fluid pockets formed between spiral elements 262 and 272 from the outer end portions of the spiral elements. As orbiting scroll 27 orbits, fluid in the fluid pockets is compressed and the compressed fluid is discharge into discharge chamber 30 from the central fluid pocket of the spiral element through hole 264. The fluid then is discharged to the external fluid circuit through an outlet port 32. Referring to Figures 10 additionally, the driving mechanism of orbiting scroll 27 will be described in greater detail. Drive shaft 13, which is rotatably supported by sleeve 15 through bearing device 17, is connected to disk 18. Disk 18 is rotatably supported by front end plate 11 through bearing device 19 located within opening 111 of front end plate 11. A crank pin or drive pin 33 projects axially from an axial end surface of disk 18 at a position which is radially offset from the center of drive shaft 13. Circular end plate 271 of orbiting scroll 27 has a tubular boss 273 axially projecting from the end surface opposite the surface from which spiral element 272 extends. A discoid or short axial bushing 34 fits into boss 273 and is rotatably supported therein by a bearing such as a needle bearing 35. Busing 34 has a balance weight 341, which has the shape of a portion of a disk or ring and extends radially from bushing 34 along a front surface thereof. An eccentric hole 342 is formed in bushing 34 at a position radially offset from center of bushing 34. Drive pin 33 fits into the eccentrically disposed hole 342 together with a bearing 36. Bushing 34 is therefore driven in an orbital path by the revolution of drive pin 33 and rotates within needle bearing 35. Now, the rotation of orbiting scroll 27 is prevented by a rotation preventing/thrust bearing 37 which is located between the inner surface of housing 10 and circular plate 271 of orbiting scroll 27. As a result, orbiting scroll 27 orbits while maintaining its angular orientation relative to the fixed scroll 26. Referring to Figure 11 in addition to Figure 8, rotation preventing/thrust bearing 37 surrounds boss 273 of orbiting scroll 27. An annular grove 274 and an annular groove 275 which are surrounding boss 273 are formed in the end surface of circular plate 271. Annular groove 274 is radially outermost and deepest. A later-mentioned second race 374 is carried in groove 274 and has an axial end surface flush with the axial end surface of annular groove 275. The depth of groove 275 defines a clearance "G" between second race 374 and a later-mentioned second ring 375. Similarly, an annular groove 113 and an annular groove 115 are formed in the end surface of annular projection 112. Groove 113 is radially innermost and deepest. A latermentioned first race 371 is carried in groove 113 and has an axial end surface flush with the axial end surface of groove 115. The depth of groove 115 defines a clearance "G" between first race 371 and a later-mentioned first ring 372 identical to the clearance between the second race 374 and the second ring 375. Rotation preventing/thrust bearing 37 includes an orbital portion, a fixed portion and bearings, such as a plurality of balls. The fixed portion includes (1) a first annular race 371 which is placed within groove 113 by a later-mentioned manner, and (2) first ring 372 fitted against the axial end surface of annular projection 112 of front end plate 11 to cover the end surface of first race 371. First ring 372 is attached to the axial end surface of annular projection 112 by pins 373. The orbital portion also includes (1) a second annular race 374, which is placed within groove 274 by the later-mentioned manner too, and (2) second ring 375 fitted against the axial end surface of circular plate 271 of orbiting scroll 27 to cover the axial end surface of second race 374. A small clearance is maintained between the end surface of first ring 372 and the end surface of second ring 375. Second ring 375 is attached to the end surface of circular plate 271 by pins 376. First ring 372 and second ring 375 each have a plurality of holes or pockets 372a and 375a in the axial direction, the number of holes or pockets in each ring 372, 375 being equal. The holes or pockets 372a of first ring 372 correspond to or are a mirror image of the holes or pockets 375a of the second ring 375, i.e., each pair of pockets facing each other have the same size and pitch, and the radial distance of the pockets from the center of their respective rings 372 and 375 is the same, i.e., the centers of the pockets are located the same distance from the center of the rings 372 and 375. Thus, if the centers of the rings 372 and 375 were aligned, which they are not in actual operation of the rotation preventing/thrust bearing device 37, the holes or pockets 372a and 375a would be identical or in alignment. Bearing elements, such as balls or spheres 377, are placed between the edge of pocket 372a of first ring 372 and the edge of a facing, generally aligned pocket 375a of second ring 375. Therefore, the rotation of orbiting scroll 27 is prevented by balls 377, which interact with the edges of pockets 372a and 375a to prevent rotation. Also, these balls 377 carry the axial thrust load from orbiting scroll 27. Referring to Figure 12, the relation between second annular race 374 and annular groove 274 is as follows. Annular groove 274 of which diameter "Lc" is sufficiently smaller than an inner diameter "Lb" of second race 374 is formed in the axial end surface of circular plate 271 of orbiting scroll 27. Therefore, second race 374 is loosely disposed within groove 274 in a radial direction. A pair of truncated fan-shaped cut-out portions 274a are radially inwardly cut out from a side wall of groove 274. A pair of cut-out portions 274a are diametrically opposed each other. A pair of truncated fan-shaped projections 374a are radially inwardly projected from an inner peripheral surface of second race 374. A pair of projections 374a are diametrically opposed each other in order to fit with a pair of cut-out portions 274a. The length of projections 374a is equal to or smaller than the depth of cut-out portions 274a and the width of projections 374a is sufficiently smaller than the width of cutout portions 274a. thereby, second race 374 can move in both a circumferential direction and radial direction within a restricted amount during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll. The amount of circumferential and radial movements of second race 374 is defined below. The amount of circumferential movement "Mc" of second race 374 is shown in the following formula. Mc=La (ϑ) In the formula (1), "La" is mean value between diameter of an outer and inner peripheries of second race 374. "ϑ" is an angular differential (radial unit) between an interior angle (ϑ₁) of cut-out portion 274a with an interior angle (ϑ₂) of projection 374a. The amount of radial movement "Mr" of second race 374 is shown in the following formula. Mr=Lb - Lc In the formula (2), "Lb" is the diameter of the inner periphery of second race 374 and "Lc" is the diameter of annular groove 274 as described above. Furthermore, the amount of circumferential movement "Mc" of second race 374 is designed so as to be smaller than the pitch of pockets 375a. Therefore, each of spheres 377 rolls on a second race 374 with tracing in a corresponding each of arcuate ellipse areas "S" which are isolated from one another with a certain interval. That is, half of the arcuate major axis "Ld" of the arcuate ellipse is smaller than the pitch of pockets 375a. Accordingly, since each of spheres rolls with tracing in the corresponding each of the areas "S" which are isolated one another with the certain interval, the exfoliation at the surface of second annular race 37 receiving the spheres is effectively prevented without warp of the race. Thereby, a durable rotation preventing/thrust bearing device for the orbiting member fluid displacement apparatus is obtained without increase in weight thereof. Referring to Figures 14 and 15, in the present invention, the minimum amount "Mc-min" of the circumferential movement of second race 374 is designed to be remote to the greater side from the maximum play amount which is created between truncated fan-shaped cut-out portion 274a′ of circular plate 271 and truncated fan-shaped projection 374a of second race 374 when second race 374 is fixed in groove 274 by fitting as shown in Figure 15. The minimum amount "Mr-min" of the radial movement of second race 374 is designed to be remote to the greater side from the maximum play amount which is created between the side wall of groove 274 and the inner peripheral surface of second race 374 when second race 374 is fixed in groove 274 by fitting as shown in Figure 15. Furthermore, the maximum amount "Mc-max" of the circumferential movement of second race 374 is designed to be neighbor to the smaller side from the pitch of pockets 375a. The maximum amount "Mr-max" of the radial movement of second race 374 is designed to be neighbor to the smaller side from the minimum amount which makes second race 374 not to contact with balls 377. Therefore, the amount of circumferential and radial movements "Mc" and "Mr" of second race 374 are defined by region "U" as shown in Figure 14. Region "V" in Figure 14 defines allowable play amounts between cut-out portion 274a′ and projection 374a and between the side wall of groove 274 and the inner peripheral surface of second race 374. As shown in Figure 15, when second race 374 is fixed in groove 274 by fitting with allowing allowable circumferential and radial play amounts, each of spheres 377 rolls on second race 374 with tracing in a corresponding pair of crescent areas "S′" as shown in Figure 16 during orbital motion of the orbiting scroll. However, since the pair of crescent areas "S′" are very small, sphere 377 rolls with a manner substantially similar to the manner described with Figure 4. Therefore, exfoliation at second race 374 can not sufficiently prevented. As described above, the relation between second annular race 374 and groove 274 formed in the axial end surface of circular plate 271 of orbiting scroll 27 is only described. However, in the present invention, the substantially same relation is embodied between first annular race 371 and annular groove 113 formed in the axial end surface of annular projection 112 of front end plate 11. That is, a pair of truncated fan-shaped cut-out portions are radially outwardly cut out from a side wall of annular groove 113 and a pair of truncated fan-shaped projections are radially outwardly projected from an outer peripheral surface of first race 371. The amount of circumferential and radial movements of first race 371 are designed to be similar to the amount of circumferential and radial movements of second race 374.

Claims: An orbiting member fluid displacement apparatus including a housing (10), a fixed member (26) attached to or integral with the housing (10) and having a first end plate from which a first spiral element (262) extends into the interior of the housing, an orbiting member (27) having a second end plate from which a second spiral element (272) extends, the first (262) and second (272) spiral elements interfitting at a radial offset to make a line contact to separate a fluid outlet from a fluid inlet; and a driving mechanism including a rotatable drive shaft (13) connected to the orbiting member (27) to drive the orbiting member (27) in an orbital motion, rotation preventing/thrust bearing means (37) connected to the orbiting member (27) for preventing the rotation of the orbiting member (27) and for carrying axial thrust load from the orbital member (27) during orbital motion so that the line contact moves toward a discharge opening (264), the rotation preventing/thrust bearing means (37) comprising a discrete fixed portion, a discrete orbital portion and bearing elements (377) coupled between the portions, a centre plane extending through the centres of the bearing elements, the fixed portion including a first annular race (371) and a first ring (372), the first annular race (371) being positioned within a first annular recess (113) formed in the housing, the first annular recess (113) in the housing having an axial end surface spaced from the centre plane, the first ring (372) being attached to the housing to cover the first race (371), the first ring (372) being in contact with a contact surface of the housing spaced from the center plane, the spacing between the centre plane and the contact surface being less than the spacing between the center plane and the axial end surface, the first ring (372) having a plurality of first pockets (372a) facing axially towards the first race (371), the orbital portion including a second annular race (374) and a second ring (375), the second annular race (374) being positioned within a second annular recess (274) formed in the second end plate on an opposite side from which the second spiral element extends, the second annular recess (274) in the second end plate having an axial end surface spaced from the centre plane, the second ring (375) being attached to the second end plate to cover the second race (374) and facing the first ring (372), the second ring (375) being in contact with a contact surface of the second end plate spaced from the centre plane, the spacing between the centre plane and the contact surface of the second plate being less than the spacing between the centre plane and the axial end surface of the second recess, the second ring (375) having a plurality of second pockets (375a) facing axially towards the second race (374), the bearing elements (37) each being disposed within a generally aligned pair of the first (372a) and second (375a) pockets and contacting the first (371) and second (374) races to prevent the rotation of the orbiting member (27) by the bearing elements (37) interacting with the first (372) and second (375) rings and to carry the axial thrust load from the orbiting member (27) on the first race (371) through the bearing elements (37); characterised in that the first (371) and second (374) races are confined within the respective first (113) and second (274) annular recesses so as to be radially and circumferentially movable within a restricted range. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first (372a) and second (375a) pockets are identical and circularly disposed with a constant pitch. An apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a diameter of an outer periphery of the first race (371) is smaller than a diameter of an outer side wall of the first annular recess (113) to allow circumferential and radial movement of the first race (371), a diameter of an inner periphery of the second race (374) being greater than a diameter of an inner side wall of the second annular recess (274) to allow a circumferential and radial movement of the second race (374), the amount of the radial movement of the first race (371) being restricted bythe difference between the diameter of the outer periphery of the first race (371) and the diameter of the outer side wall of the first annular recess (113), the amount of the radial movement of the second race (374) being restricted by the difference between the diameter of the inner periphery of the second race (374) and the diameter of the inner side wall of the second annular recess (274), the first annular recess (113) including at least one first cut-out portion radially outwardly cut-out from the outer side wall of the first annular recess (113), the first annular race including (371) at least one first projection radially outwardly projecting from an outer peripheral surface of the first race (371), the first projection engaging with the first cut-out portion with a gap to restrict the circumferential movement of the first race (371) within a predetermined range, the second annular recess (274) including at least one second cut-out portion (274a) radially inwardly cut out from the inner side wall of the second annular recess (274), the second annular race (374) including at least one second projection (374a) radially inwardly projecting from an inner peripheral surface of the second race (374), the second projection (374a) engaging with the second cut-out portion (274a) with a gap to restrict the circumferential movement of the second race within a predetermined range. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first and second (274a) cut-out portions and the first and second projections (374a) are truncated fan-shaped. An apparatus according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the length of respective first and second (374a) projections is equal to or smaller than the depth of respective first and second (274a) cut-out portions and the width of respective first and second (374a) projections is sufficiently smaller than the width of respective first and second (274a) cut-out portions to provide the respective gap. An apparatus according to claim 2 or to any one of claims 3 to 5 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the maximum amount of circumferential movement of the first (371) and/or second (374) race is neighbour to the smaller side from the pitch of the pockets (372 a, 375a). An apparatus according to claim 2 or to any one of claims 3 to 6 when dependant on claim 2, wherein the minimum amount of circumferential movement of the first (371) and/or second (374) race is remote to the greater side from the maximum play amount which is created between the first and/or second (374a) projection respectively and the respective first and/or second (274a) cut-out portion when the first (371) and/or second (374) race respectively is fixed in the first (113) and/or second (274) recess respectively. An apparatus according to claim 2 or to any one of claims 3 to 7 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the maximum amount of radial movement of the first (371) and/or second (374) race is neighbour to the smaller side from the minimum amount which makes the first (371) and/or second (374) race respectively not contact with the bearing elements (37). An apparatus according to claim 2 or to any one of claims 3 to 8 when dependent on claim 2, wherein the minimum amount of radial movement of the first (371) and/or second (374) race is remote to the greater side from the maximum play amount which is created between the outer side wall of the first (113) and/or second (274) recess respectively and the outer peripheral surface of the first (371) and/or second (374) race respectively when the first(371) and/or second (374) race respectively is fixed in the first (113) and/or second (274) recess respectively.

Inventors: KITANO, NORIO, TERAUCHI, KIYOSHI
Applicants: SANDEN CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F01C17
IPC codes: F01C17, F01C1, F04C18