Method for the detection of disease

Abstract: The invention relates to diagnosis of reactive conditions, such as malignant tumors. According to the invention, the amount of cellular fibronectin in body fluid is determined, and an elevated amount is used as a marker for a reactive condition. The method is especially suitable for the diagnosis of carcinomas, such as colon carcinoma.

Description: Technical Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method for detecting the presence of cancer or an autoimmune disease in human or animal and to a diagnostic kit for use in detection of the presence of cancer or an autoimmune disease. Background of the Invention The diagnosis of, e.g., malignant tumors is conventionally based on tissue investigation, such as biopsy. The general object of the present invention is to provide a method which is based on a general marker to be found in a blood sample. General Description of the Invention Now it has been discovered that cellular fibronectin in blood can be used as a marker for cancers such as malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases. Cellular fibronectin is detected by immunological methods using specific antibodies to the extra-domain sequence. The method is especially suitable for the detection of carcinomas. Detailed Description of the Invention Fibronectins are adhesive glycoproteins that have variable primary structures due to cell-type specific slicing of messinger-RNA. Fibronectins can be divided into two major groups: plasma fibronectins (pFn) and cellular fibronectins (cFn). Cellular fibronectin differs from plasma fibronectin in having the so called extra domain (ED) sequence in the molecule. This ED-sequence has been called as ED1, EDA and EIIIA. Later the term EDA is used in here. Plasma form of the fibronectin molecule is primarily produced by hepatocytes, while cellular form is produced locally. However, plasma also contains small quantities of the cellular form. Cellular fibronectin is largely confined to the endothelium of larger blood vessels, whereas this form of the fibronectin molecule is lacking in adult tissues. Monoclonal antibodies to EDA containing fibronectins can be prepared by conventional methods (Vartio, T. et al., Differential expression of the ED sequence-containing form of cellular fibronectin in embryonic and adult human tissues, J. Cell Sci. 88:419-430 (1987); Virtanen, I. et al., Differential expression of the extra domain-containing form of cellular fibronectin in human placentas at different stages of maturation, Histochemistry 90:25-30 (1988) ). By using a monoclonal antibody, it has been shown that in adult tissues EDA containing cellular fibronectin is only present in larger endothelia and smooth muscle cells but it is present in the stromal tissues of all carcinomas (Laitinen, L. et al., Distribution of extra domain (ED)-containing form of cellular fibronectin in human solid tumors, Int. Congr. Acad. Pathology, Dublin 1988, Abstr. 144). Monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to EDA or its synthetic parts, i.e. synthetic peptides of the EDA sequence, the whole EDA or shorter or longer parts of it, can be used to detect EDA or EDA containing polypeptides in body fluids. Any suitable immunological methods can be used to detect the EDA. Such methods are, for example, enzyme immuno assays (EIA), radio immuno assays (RIA), fluorescence immuno assays (FIA), luminescence immuno assay (LIA), latex or other agglutination methods, particle counting immuno assays (PCIA), immunoblottings, immunoprecitation methods, or methods utilizing different kinds of biosensors. In the determination especially the ratio of EDA containing cellular fibronectin to total fibronectin seems to be valuable. However, the measurement of the concentration of just the EDA containing fibronectin only is enough to demonstrate a cancer or autoimmune disease. The concentration of total fibronectin in human plasma is about 300(+) microg/ml, while the concentration of cellular fibronectin in normal human plasma is about 3(+) microg/ml. The clinical value of the determination of increased cellular fibronectin during different cancers and autoimmune diseases in body fluids is significant, because there are no other good general markers for these diseases available. Test results A solid phase EIA method was used to detect EDA containing cellular fibronectin in human sera, plasma or BAL fluid. Monoclonal antibodies 52 DH1 and 52 BF12 were used, (see Vartio et al., ibid.). 52 DH1 reacts only with the extra domain of cellular fibronectin and 52 BF12 reacts with fibronectin. Affinity purified immunoglobulins (G-protein Sepharose®, Pharmacia-LKB Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden) were used to develop the solid phase enzyme immunoassay. Immunoglobulins were IgGl class. The solid phase enzyme immunoassay was sandwich type, where the 52 DH1 affinity purified immunoglobulins were used to coat the solid phase support (MaxiSorp® 8 microwells, Nunc, Kamstrup, Denmark) and the 52 BF12 affinity purified immunoglobulins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase used as detection system, or vice versa. The conjugated polyclonal antibody to fibronectin can naturally be used instead of labelled monoclonal (BF12), or vice versa. It was found beneficial to dilute the samples before incubation. Preferable dilution was 1:50 - 1:100, whereby relatively small cFn concentrations (0.02 microg/ml) could still be detected. The samples were incubated for 1 hour at 37 °C (except in substrate incubation 30 min at room temperature). The wash solution was 0.02 M PBS pH 7.0 + 0.1 % Tween® 20. The wells were washed 5 times with 200 microl. wash solution. Colon carcinoma and autoimmune diseased human sera were used to detect elevated levels of cellular fibronectin. Healthy blood donor sera (from Finnish Red Cross Transfusion Center, Helsinki, Finland) were used to evaluate the average concentration of EDA containing fibronectin in human sera. In patients with colon carcinoma it was possible to demonstrate elevated concentrations of EDA containing fibronectin in blood circulation. 20 out of the 20 studied colon carcinoma patients sera were positive for cellular fibronectin showing at least two fold increase of the concentration in their sera compared to healthy blood donors. In most cases studied autoimmune patients sera were negative for cFn, but for instance the AMA patient's serum was showing high concentration of EDA containing fibronectin. Results are illustrated in the enclosed Fig. 1.

Claims: A method for detecting the presence of cancer or an autoimmune disease in human or animal, comprising determining the amount of cellular fibronectin by contacting an antibody specific for the extra domain sequence thereof with a blood sample, and using an elevated amount of cellular fibronectin as a marker for cancer or an autoimmune disease. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cancer is a malignant tumor. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the tumor is carcinoma. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the carcinoma is colon carcinoma. A method as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 4 wherein the sample is a serum sample. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein, additionally the amount of total fibronectin is determined, and the ratio of the amount of cellular fibronectin to the amount of total fibronectin is used as the marker. Use of antibody specific for the extra domain sequence of cellular fibronectin for determining the amount of cellular fibronectin in a blood sample for detection of the presence of cancer or an autoimmune disease in human or animal.

Inventors: PAASIVUO RAILI, PARTANEN PAUL, VIRTANEN ISMO, YLAETUPA SARI, PAASIVUO, RAILI, PARTANEN, PAUL, VIRTANEN, ISMO, YLAETUPA, SARI, Ylätupa, Sari
Applicants: LOCUS GENEX OY
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G01N33
IPC codes: C07K16, G01N33, C07K14