Improvement in diuresis by cyclodextrins and their derivatives

Abstract: A use of a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for improvement in diuresis.

Description: The present invention relates to a use of a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof for the manufacture of medicament for improvement in diuresis. Such improvement is required in the situation in which subjects show e.g. anuria or oliguria. Anuria refers to a state wherein daily micturination is less than 100 ml and oliguria to a state wherein daily micturination is between 100 and 400 ml. Anuria and oliguria include those of prerenal, renal and prostrenal nature. Prerenal anuria is caused by decrease in the renal bloodstream and originated from cardiac insufficiency, cirhosis, dehydration and shock as the incentive. Renal oliguria is caused by different renal diseases. Acute nephritis and nephrotic syndrome are due to reduced glomerular filtration and enhanced tubular resorption of sodium ion and water. Acute renal insufficiency (acute tubulorrhexis) is principally caused by reduced glomerular filtration. Since anuria and oliguria destroy the equilibrium in the body fluid and may be the causes leading to edema, uremia, cardiac insufficiency, hypertensive encephalopathy, retinitis, treatment of them is required. Moreover, even in the case where the the amount of urine is normal, diuretics are often used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases or renal diseases hypertension, edema etc. As a result of extensive studies about the properties of cyclodextrin and their derivatives which have been used only as a complexing agent in the pharmaceutical field, the present inventor discovered that theses compounds have beneficial diuretic action. I.Int.Symp. on Cyclodextrins, Budapest 1981, pages 123-132 (as abstracted at Chemical Abstracts Vol. 98, no. 9, 1983, p.52, abstract no. 65432k) discloses that β- cyclodextrin and dimethyl-β- cyclodextrin enhance renal blood flow but necrotize cells. In a first aspect, the present invention provides the use of a cyclodextrin, an etherified cyclodextrin, a glucosyl cyclodextrin, a maltosyl cyclodextrin, an acylated cyclodextrin or a sulfonated cyclodextrin for the manufacture of a medicament for improvement in diuresis. As used herein, the term "diuresis" refers to increased extracorporeal excretion of water, electrolytes, final metabolites etc. Usually, such excretion results in increase in the amount of urine. The compounds used in the invention have an action of increasing water secretion and secreting electrolytes. Increase in creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration) has also been confirmed indicating that the compounds used in the invention have also an action of increasing renal blood stream and glomerular filtration, and are indicated for the treatment of renal hypofuction, anuria, oliguria, hypertension of various etiologies, edema derived from various causes, promotion of drug excretion when drug intoxication is occurred, adjustment of the pressure and amount of aqueous humor or cerebrospinal fluid etc. Also, the compounds used in the invention are indicated for treatment of renal insufficiency by e.g. acute tubulorrhexis, necrosis of renal cortex etc. and nephritis. The term "treatment" includes prevention, cure and relief of disease and arrest or relief of development of disease. The term "cyclodextrin" includes α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin. The term "derivatives" used in conjunction with the term cyclodextrin refers to etherified cyclodextrins, glucosyl cyclodextrins, maltosyl cyclodextrins acylated cyclodextrins and sulfonated cyclodextrins. Said etherified cyclodextrins include (lower)-alkylcyclodextrins such as methylcyclodextrin, ethylcyclodextrin, propylcyclodextrin, dimethylcyclodextrin, trimethylcyclodextrin, (lower)alkenylcyclodextrins, hydroxy(lower)alkylcyclodextrins such as hydroxyethylcyclodextrin, hydroxypropylcyclodextrin, (lower)-alkoxy(lower)alkylcyclodextrins, aralkylcyclodextrins such as benzylcyclodextrin, halo(lower)alkylcyclodextrins such as chloroethylcyclodextrin, and cylodextrin-epichlorohydrine copolymer. These may be etherified cyclodextrins in which one, two or three hydroxy groups in any of the glucose units of the cyclodextrin molecule are converted into ether. Said acylated cyclodextrins include (lower)-alkanoylcyclodextrins such as formylcyclodextin, acetylcyclodextrin, aromatically or heterocyclically acylated cyclodextrins such as benzoylcyclodextrin, nicotinoylcyclodextrin. Said sulfur-containing cyclodextrins include sulfonated cyclodextrins. The derivatives of cyclodextrin include also derivatives in which two or more of derivatizations selected from etherification, branching, acylation and sulfuration are co-existing. These derivatives are known or can be prepared by a method similar to that for the known derivatives. While the dosage of cyclodextrin or derivatives thereof will vary depending on age, weight, condition of particular subject, desired therapeutic effect, satisfactory effects will generally be obtained with the dosage of 1 µg/kg to 500 mg/kg, preferably 10 µg/kg to 50 mg/kg, administered once a day or 2 to 4 divided doses a day or as a sustained form. Administration may be effected by injection etc. For administration, the compound used in the invention can be given in the form of conventional pharmaceutical preparation which contains said compound, as an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as organic or inorganic, solid or liquid excipients suitable for the desired mode of administration such as injection. Such preparation may be in a solid form such as solid from which a solution can be made up before use, or in a liquid form such as solution, emulsion, suspension. Said carrier includes starch, lactose, glucose, sucrose, dextrin cellulose, paraffin, aliphatic glyceride, water, alcohol or acacia. The above preparation may also contain auxiliary substance, stabilizer, emulsifier, lubricant, binder, pH-adjuster, isotonic agent and other conventional additives added as necessary. The present invention is illustrated in more detail by way of the following Examples and Test Examples. Example 1 The above ingredients are brought into solution by conventional way to form an injectable solution. Test Example 1 Beagle dogs (weight: 7-8 kg) were alloted into groups. The animals were kept away from foods and water before 17 hours of administration of test compositions. The Ringer solution (25 mg/kg) was intravenously administered over one hour (for water-loading) and, after 30 minutes, a solution of dimethyl-α-cyclodextrin [a mixture mainly comprising hexakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin and pentakis[2,6-di-O-methyl)-mono(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin; hereinafter referred to as DMCD] (5 mg/kg) in the Ringer solution was intravenously administered. The control group received the same amount of Ringer solution. Urine samples were collected using catheter at 30 minutes intervals and assayed for the amount of electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride). Also, the total amounts of excretion of each items, respectively, from the time of administration and up to 120 minutes thereafter were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, urine and serum creatinine concentrations were measured at appropriate time from which values of creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration) were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2. Test Example 2 Male rats (Crj; weight 100-150 g) were alloted into groups. After receiving test compositions, they were bled in cages. Cumulative amount of urine was weighed after 3 hours without food and water (3 hr Urine) and after additional 21 hours with food and water (21 hr Urine), giving 24 hr urine as the total amount. Further, 21 hr urine was assayed for osmotic pressure using an osmometer (OM-801, Asahi Lifescience). As the test compounds were used DMCD, hexakis(2,6-di-O-methyl-α-cyclodextrin [purified from DMCD as a mixture; hereinafter referred to as Compound I] and pentakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-mono(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-α-cyclodextrin[purified from DMCD as a mixture; hereinafter referred to as Compound II], dissolved in the physiological saline and administered at a rate of 5 mg/kg via a caudal vein. The control group received the physiological saline. The results are shown in Table 3. The above results indicate that the compounds used in the invention have excellent diuretic action.

Claims: The use of a cyclodextrin, an etherified cyclodextrin, a glucosyl cyclodextrin, a maltosyl cyclodextrin, an acylated cyclodextrin or a sulfonated cyclodextrin for the manufacture of a medicament for improvement in diuresis. The use according to claim 1, in which the derivative is an etherified cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of dimethylcyclodextrin. The use according to claim 1, for enhancement of glomerular filtration.

Inventors: UENO RYUJI, UENO, RYUJI
Applicants: UENO SEIYAKU OYO KENKYUJO KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA UENO SEIYAKU OYO KENKYUJO
Application year: 1990
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, A61P9, A61P7