MAGNETIC CHUCK

Abstract: A magnetic chuck has a housing (1), a top plate (2) fixed to the housing, and an inner system (3) provided within the housing under the top plate. The top plate (2) comprises a plurality of spaced pole parts (7) of soft-magnetizable material and parts (9) of substantially non-magnetizable material positioned between them. The inner system (3) comprises, in a similar division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts (6) of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements (5) positioned between them. In the inner system (3), the center distance of adjacent pole parts (6) and magnetic elements (5), respectively, the so-called pole pitch, is smaller than ca. 8 mm. The inner system (3) is slidable parallel to the top plate (2) between the on- and off- positions, by means of a spindle and nut drive (11) and it can assume all intermediate positions. The magnetic chuck can particularly be used in combination with a pallet for reproducible positioning on the working table of a machining apparatus, wherein the pallet (4) is constructed as housing for the magnetic chuck. If the magnetic chuck is used in a condition submerged into a fluid, a fluid supply line is connectable to the chuck, and flushing holes (21) for the fluid open through the upper surface of the top plate. Said flushing holes (21) are distributed in a regular pattern (23) on the surface of the top plate (2) and are provided with screw-thread for receiving tap bolts of mechanical clamping elements or the like.

Description: Magnetic chuck The invention relates to a magnetic chuck having a housing, a top plate fixed to the housing and an inner system provided within the housing under the top plate, the top plate comprising a plurality of spaced pole parts of soft- magnetizable material and parts of substantially non- magnetizable material positioned between them, the inner system comprising, in a similar division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements positioned between them. Such magnetic chucks are generally known from practice and are satisfactory. For certain uses, however, the known magnetic chucks have disadvantages. For instance, when work pieces having a small height are machined, for example by spark erosion, chips adhere to the machine surface of the work piece as a consequence of the magnetic lines of flux reaching up to this surface. This may adversely affect the accuracy of the machining operation. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved magnetic chuck of the type mentioned in the preamble, wherein the above disadvantage is removed in an effective way. For this purpose the magnetic chuck according to the invention is characterized in that, in the inner system, the center distance of adjacent pole parts and magnetic elements, respec¬ tively, the so-called pole pitch, is smaller than ca. 8 mm. Due to this small pole pitch, which is smaller than the usual pole pitch of 10 to 20 mm, the magnetic lines of flux penetrate into the work piece to be clamped only to a very small height so that no magnetic force is present at the machine surface and chips can not adhere to the surface as a consequence thereof. An additional advantage of the small pole pitch is that in the vertical direction of the chuck less magnetic material is necessary for driving the pole parts into saturation, so that the height of the magnetic elements and therefore also the total height of the chuck can be reduced. Favourable practical results are obtained with chucks having a pole pitch of 6 mm, and even smaller pole pitches are possible. With a magnetic chuck constructed in accordance with the compensation principle wherein magnetic elements are also , advantage when the width of the pole parts is larger than, preferably substantially twice as large as, the width of the magnetic elements. Due to this .relatively big quota of the pole parts in the top plate it is possible to obtain a large holding force of the chuck. As is usual, the inner system is switchable between an on-position in which a maximum magnetic force is produced on the upper surface of the top plate, and an off-position in which no or substantially no external magnetic force is produced. According to the invention it is preferable to provide a linear displacement mechanism for the inner system, with which the inner system is slidable parallel to the top plate between the on- and off-position. The lineair displacement mechanism has many advantages. In the first place, the sliding motion of the inner system parallel to the top plate does not cause a force exerted in a direction perpendicular to the clamping surface of the top plate, contrary to an adjustment by means of an excentric mechanism, for example, where the inner system has to be pulled loose of the top plate. Due to the absence of forces normal to the top plate deformations of the top plate as a consequence thereof will also not appear. This is particularly favourable in case of a small pole pitch and consequently thin top plate which will be stable due to the lineair displacement mechanism and which can meet high accuracy requirements also after a length of time. Furthermore the lineair displacement mechanism also enables the reduction of the total height of the chuck as the inner system performs a horizontal and not a vertical movement. Further, the lineair displacement mechanism opens the possibility of a variable holding force. Then, the inner system can assume an effective intermediate position between the on- and off-positions due to the displacement parallel to the top plate, so that the holding force may be varied between the maximum and the minimum which eases the positioning of work pieces on the chuck. Still a further advantage is that the lineair displacement mechanism may generally be constructed very compact, for example in the form of a spindle and nut drive, thereby substantially reducing the area on the top plate having a weakened holding force. Especially in case of a small pole pitch the spindle and nut drive can be constructed very compact because the stroke required for the inner system is equal to the pole pitch. A further embodiment of the chuck according to the invention is characterized in that the inner system is divided by a vertical partition into at least two inner system parts each provided with its own displacement mechanism. This division of the inner system causes the creation of two sections on the surface of the top plate of the chuck, which may be operated seperately. The advantage of this structure is that, when several work pieces are clamped, one work piece _-r_n be clamped on one half of the top plate, while another work piece may still be positioned on the other half. In this embodiment it is advantageous when the inner system parts are spaced from each other, while between the inner system parts the top plate is supported by a support portion of the housing. This feature substantially magnifies the stiffness of the top plate so that the height of the top plate may be reduced without affecting the stability of the top plate. Of course it could be possible to realize such a support portion for the top plate without the independent operation of the inner system parts, by interconnecting the inner system parts or by providing only a recess in a single inner system for the passage of the support portion of the housing. In an e bodirent of a magnetic chuck in which it is used in combination with a pallet for reproducible positioning on the working table of a machining apparatus it is proposed according to the invention to construct the pallet as housing for the magnetic chuck. Due to this feature the chuck is so to say partially flush-mounted into the pallet so that the total height of the combination pallet/chuck is reduced substantially. Of course also the weight of the combination is then decreased. In an embodiment of the magnetic chuck used in a condition submerged into a fluid, wherein a fluid supply line is connectable to the chuck, and flushing holes for the fluid open through the upper surface of the top plate, it is proposed according to the invention that the flushing holes plate and are provided with screw-thread for receiving tap bolts of mechanical clamping elements or the like. This embodiment has the advantage that the chuck may not only be used for magnetically clamping work pieces of magnetizable material but also for mechanically clamping work pieces of non-magnetizable material so that the possible uses of the chuck are substantially increased. Furthermore, the large number of flushing holes will always insure a proper circulation of the fluid. In this embodiment it is possible to provide a plurality of distribution tubes within the top plate at regular intervals, the distribution tubes connecting to the flushing holes and are supplied by a supply channel. Further, the distribution tubes may be spaced from each other a multiple of pole pitches and may be disposed under the parts of non-magnetizable material in the top plate. The invention will hereafter be elucidated with reference to drawing showing two embodiments of the magnetic chuck according to the invention by way of example. Figure 1 is a schematic, partially cut-away, perspective view of a first embodiment of the magnetic chuck according to the invention in combination with a pallet. Figure 2 is a view corresponding to that of figure 1 showing a modified embodiment of the magnetic chuck according to the invention. In the several embodiments like parts are indicated with like reference numerals. The drawing shows an embodiment of the magnetic chuck according to the invention, which is provided with a housing 1, a top plate 2 fixed on the housing 1, for example by means of screws, and an inner system 3 adjustably provided within the housing 1 under the top plate 2. In the case shown the magnetic chuck is combined with a pallet 4. This pallet 4, on which the housing 1 of the magnetic chuck may be fastened, can be mounted without adjustment on the working table of a machining apparatus in a very accurate and reproducable manner by means of an adjusting and clamping system. As a result thereof, the work piece can be accurately clamped onto the magnetic chuck separate from the machining apparatus so that no time is lost at the machining apparatus for clamping the work piece. The magnetic chuck shown in figure 1 is constructed according to the so called compensation principle, wherein th inner system 3 is provided with a plurality of alternatively disposed parallel magnetic elements 5 and pole parts 6 of magnetizable material, while in the top plate 6 there are provided, with the same distribution, pole parts 7 and magnetic elements 8 with overhead parts 9 of non-magnetizable material. The inner system 3 is switchable between an on- position, in which the north and south poles of the top plate 2 are lying above the north and south poles of the inner system 3 and thereby producing a maximum holding force at the upper surface of the top plate 2, and an off-position in whic the north and south poles of the top plate 2 are positioned above the south and north poles respectively of the inner system 3 and consequently no or substantially no external holding force is produced. The magnetic elements preferably consist of ceramic magnets, such as Ferroxdure, and the pole parts 6 and 7 may be formed from soft steel. The parts 9 of non-magnetizable material can be made of stainless steel or brass, for instance. In order to obtain a low weight of the magnetic chuck, the housing 1 is preferably made of aluminium and the top plate 2 being disposed onto the housing 1 in a magnetic isolated manner. Of course, also other materials may be used. According to the invention the pole pitch of the top plate 2 and the inner system 3 is very small. This pole pitch which is defined by the center distance of the adjacent north and south pole in the top plate 2 and the inner system 3 or the width of a magnetic element 8 and a pole part 7, respectively, is, according to the invention, smaller than ca. 8 mm and preferably ca. 6 mm or even smaller. The small pole pitch and resulting very fine division of the pole parts 6 and 7 has the advantage that the magnetic lines of flux penetrate into the clamped work piece only to a very small height and consequently very thin work pieces may be clamped without adverse effects of the magnetic fields. The small pole pitch also enables the height of the top plate to be reduced. In the embodiment shown by way of example the thickness or width of the pole parts 6 and 7 is twice as large as the thickness or width of the magnetic elements 5 and 8, so that a relatively . In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the inner system 3 is divided into two inner system parts 3a and 3b being identical and being positioned in the housing 1 spaced from each other, so that between both inner system parts 3 and 3B there is room for a support portion 10 of the housing 1 for supporting the top plate 2 in the center thereof. Each inner system part 3A, 3B is provided with its own adjusting or switching mechanism, so that both inner system parts 3A and 3B may be adjusted independently of each other, thereby creating two clamping areas on the upper surface of the top plate 2. Both inner system parts 3A and 3B are each adjustable by means of a lineair displacement mechanism, in this case consisting of a spindle and nut drive. By means thereof the respective inner system part 3A, 3B can be slid parallel to the top plate 2 between the on- and off-positions (see arrow S) , wherein also each intermediate position can be assumed so as to effect a continuously variable holding force adjustment. The spindle and nut drive 11 as shown includes a spindle 12 which is mounted in the wall of the housing 1 in a rotatable and sealed manner and being secured from an axial displacement. At the external end the spindle 12 is provided with an hexagonal socket in which a wrench can be inserted for rotating the spindle (see arrow R) . At the internal end the spindle 12 is provided with an external screw-thread portion 14 being in engagement with the internal screw-thread of a nut 15 of the spindle and nut drive 11 for converting the rotational movement of the spindle 12 into a linear displacement of the nut 15 and consequently of the inner system part 3A, 3B. This nut 15 is inserted from above into a recess in the inner system part 3A, 3B, the nut 15 including lateral grooves and ribs which are in engagement with ribs and grooves formed in the inner system part 3A, 3B such that pole parts 6 of the inner system part 3A, 3B penetrate into the grooves of the nut 15. As the nut is received in the inner system part 3A, 3B slidable in vertical height, tolerances in vertical height can easily be compensated. Lateral tolerances are also easily compensated, since the inner system part 3A, 3B is received in a recess 16 in the housing 1 with lateral play. Due to the small pole pitch of the inner system and consequently the small required stroke thereof between the on- and off-positions, the spindle and nut drive may be constructed in a very.compact manner. The stroke between the on- and off-positions of the inner system part 3A, 3B may for example correspond to a 180° turn of the spindle 12. Between the inner system parts 3A and 3B and the bottom of the housing 1 there may be provided spring elements, such as leaf springs for example, holding the inner system parts constantly in contact with the top plate 2 thereby assuring a lasting proper operation of the magnetic chuck. Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a magnetic chuck according to the invention, of which the principal structure is similar to that of Fig. 1. In the embodiment according to figure 2, however, the magnetic chuck is combined with the pallet 4 such that the pallet 4 also forms the housing 1 for the chuck to such extent that the inner system 3 is fully received within the pallet 4 and the top plate 2 is mounted directly onto the p llet 4. The height of the combination of magnetic chuck and pallets may consequently be reduced to a substantial extent. The pole pitch of the top plate 2 and the inner system 3 in the embodiment of figure 2 is of a usual magnitude, and in the parts 9 of non-magnetizable material in the top plate 2 intermediate poles 17 are received. Of course it would also be possible to construct the top plate 2 and the inner system 3 with the same pole pitch as in the embodiment of Fig. 1. The magnetic chuck according to Fig. 2 is adapted to be used in a submerged condition, i.e. it is disposed in a bath containing liquid. Such use may for instance be the clamping of a work piece to be machined by spark erosion. In order to remove chips form d at the machined surface, the liquid is circulated, wherein a pump discharges the liquid from the bath, the liquid then being filtered and the cleaned liquid is thereafter returned to the liquid bath through the magnetic chuck. For this purpose the magnetic chuck is provided with a connection for a liquid supply line not shown. From this connection the liquid is carried to a supply channel 18 which , supply channel 18 is positioned in a channel-shaped part in the top plate 2, which is placed onto the central support portion 10 of the housing. Transverse to the supply channel 18 extends a plurality or regularly spaced distribution tubes 19 each connecting to the supply channel 18 through a passage opening 20. The distribution tubes are spaced at a multiple distance of the pole pitch and are each provided between a magnetic element 8 and a part of non-magnetizable material 9 and are fixed into the top plate 2 in a watertight manner when the entire top plate 2 is soldered. After providing the magnetic elements 8 the top plate 2 is finished on its lower side with epoxy resin or the like. The distribution tubes 19 open into the upper surface of the top plate 2 through rows of flushing holes 21 connecting to the respective distribution tubes 19 through a boring 22 of small diameter. The spacing between the flushing holes connecting to one single distribution tube 19 is equal to the spacing between the several distribution tubes 19, so that all adjacent flushing holes 21 have an equal spacing to each other and the flushing holes are regularly distributed over the surface of the top plate 2. The flushing holes within a grid 23 are provided, at least along a portion of their length from the upper surface of the top plate 2, with screw- thread, for instance of size M6, in which tap bolts of a mechanical clamping system can engage. As a result thereof it is made possible to clamp work pieces of non-magnetizable material, which can thus not be clamped magnetically, by means of mechanical fixtures onto the upper surface of the top plate 2 of the chuck. In this manner the flushing holes 21 have a double function. From the foregoing it will be clear that the invention provides a magnetic chuck which is outstanding due to a very low magnetic field above the top plate, a very small height of the magnetic chuck, possibly in combination with a pallet, a variable magnetic force control, a very stable top plate despite the small height thereof, a low weight and a very large clamping area rate. Further, the magnetic chuck can be made suitable for magnetically or mechanically clamping work pieces to be machined by spark erosion. The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described hereinbefore and shown in the drawing by way of example, which can be varied in different manners within the scope of the invention.

Claims: 1. Magnetic chuck having a housing, a top plate fixed to the housing, and an inner system provided within the housing under the top plate, the top plate comprising a plurality of spaced pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and parts of substantially non-magnetizable material posi¬ tioned between them, the inner system comprising, in a similar division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements positioned between them, characterized in that, in the inner system, the center distance of adjacent pole parts and magnetic elements, respectively, the so-called pole pitch, is smaller than ca. 8 mm. 2. Magnetic chuck according to claim 1, charac¬ terized in that the pole pitch is smaller than ca. 6 mm. 3. Magnetic chuck according to claim 1 or 2, constructed in accordance with the compensation principle wherein magnetic elements are also provided between the pole parts in the top plate, characterized in that the width of the pole parts is larger than, preferably substantially twice as large as, the width of the magnetic elements. 4. Magnetic chuck, preferably according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner system is switchable between an on-position in which a maximum magnetic force is produced on the upper surface of the top plate, and an off- position in which no or substantially no external magnetic force is produced, characterized in that a linear displacement mechanism for the inner system is provided, with which the inner system is εlidable parallel to the top plate between the on- and off-positions, and preferably it can assume a plurality of or all intermediate positions. 5. Magnetic chuck according to claim 4, charac¬ terized in that the linear displacement mechanism is a spindle and nut drive. 6. Magnetic chuck according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner system is divided by a vertical partition into at least two inner system parts each provided with its own displacement mechanism. 7. Magnetic chuck according to claim 6, charac¬ terized in that the inner system parts are spaced from each other, while between the inner system parts the top plate is supported by a support portion of the housing. 8. Magnetic chuck according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the partition between the inner system parts extends parallel to the switching direction thereof. 9. Magnetic chuck, preferably according to one of the preceding claims, used in combination with a pallet for reproducible positioning on the working table of a machining apparatus, characterized in that the pallet is constructed as housing for the magnetic chuck. 10. Magnetic chuck, preferably according to one of the preceding claims, used in a condition submerged into a fluid, wherein a fluid supply line is connectable to the chuck, and flushing holes for the fluid open through the upper surface of the top plate, characterized in that the flushing holes are distributed in a regular pattern on the surface of the top plate and are provided with screw-thread for receiving tap bolts of mechanical clamping elements or the like. 11. Magnetic chuck according to claim 10, characterized in that a plurality of distribution tubes are provided within the top plate at regular intervals, the distribution tubes connect to the flushing holes and are supplied by a supply channel. 12. Magnetic chuck according to claim 11, characterized in that the distribution tubes are spaced from each other a multiple of pole pitches and are disposed under the parts of non-magnetizable material in the top plate. 13. Magnetic chuck according to claim 7 and 11 or 12, characterized in that the supply channel is formed above the support portion of the housing between the inner system parts. 14. Magnetic chuck according to one of claims Il¬ ls, characterized in that the flushing holes are connected to the distribution tubes through a restriction, the diameter of the restriction being substantially less than that of the distribution tubes. 15. Magnetic chuck having a housing, a top plate fixed to the housing and an inner system provided within the housing under the top plate, the top plate comprising a plurality of spaced pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and parts of substantially non-magnetizable material posi- , , division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements positioned between them, wherein the inner system is switchable between an on-position in which a maximum magnetic force is produced on the upper surface of the top plate, and an off-position in which no or substantially no external magnetic force is produced, characterized in that a linear displacement mechanism for the inner system is provided, with which the inner system is slidable parallel to the top plate between the on- and off-position. 16. Magnetic chuck having a housing, a top plate fixed to the housing and an inner system provided within the housing under the top plate, the top plate comprising a plurality of spaced pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and parts of substantially non-magnetizable material posi¬ tioned between them, the inner system comprising, in a similar division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements positioned between them, wherein the inner system is switchable between an on-position in which a maximum magnetic force is produced on the upper surface of the top plate, and an off-position in which no or substantially no external magnetic force is produced, characterized in that the inner system is divided by a vertical partition into at least two inner system parts each provided with its own displacement mechanism. 17. Magnetic chuck having a housing, a top plate fixed to the housing and an inner system provided within the housing under the top plate, the top plate comprising a plurality of spaced pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and parts of substantially non-magnetizable material posi¬ tioned between them, the inner system comprising, in a similar division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements positioned between them, wherein the inner system is switchable between an on-position in which a maximum magnetic force is produced on the upper surface of the top plate, and an off-position in which no or substantially no external magnetic force is produced, characterized in that the inner system is provided with a recess extending the entire height thereof and being adapted for the passage of a support portion of the housing for supporting the top plate. 18. Magnetic chuck according to claim 17, characterized in that the recess extends in horizontal direction to such an extent that the inner system is divided into two inner system parts which are or are not interconnected. 19. Magnetic chuck, comprising a housing, a top plate having pole parts and being fixed to the housing, and a inner system having magnetic elements and pole parts and bein provided within the housing under the top plate, the magnetic chuck being combined with a pallet for reproducible positioning on the working table of a machining apparatus, characterized in that the pallet serves as housing for the magnetic chuck, and at least the inner system being provided within the pallet. .20. Magnetic chuck having a housing, a top plate fixed to the housing and an inner system provided within the housing under the top plate, the top plate comprising a plurality of spaced pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and parts of substantially non-magnetizable material posi¬ tioned between them, the inner system comprising, in a similar division as with the top plate, a plurality of pole parts of soft-magnetizable material and magnetic elements positioned between them, used in a condition submerged into a fluid, wherein a fluid supply line is connectable to the chuck, and flushing holes for the fluid open through the upper surface of the top plate, characterized in that the flushing holes are distributed in a regular pattern on the surface of the top plate and are provided with screw-thread for receiving tap bolts of mechanical clamping elements or the like.

Inventors: LUYTEN CORNELIS THEODORUS PETR, LUYTEN, CORNELIS, THEODORUS, PETRUS, MARIA
Applicants: WALKER HAGOU BV, WALKER-HAGOU B.V.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B23Q3
IPC codes: B23Q3