Method of and device for tightening threaded connectors

Abstract: During tightening a threaded connector including for example a bolt (2) and a nut (1) a moment is first deter­ mined when a bolt starts to elongate, and thereafter the nut is turned only over such an angular distance with which a desired elongation of the bolt below its yield point is reached.

Description: The present invention relates to a method of and device for tightening threaded connectors by tightening tools, cf. e.g. EP-A-0 297 515. It is known to tighten and loosen threaded connectors, for example bolts, by respective bolting tools. The main object of tightening down bolts by bolting tools is to elongate a bolt when turning a nut on a flange member to be assembled to an adjacent member. The elongation or the bolt generates a clamping force which holds the members together. There are several approaches to provide the clamping force. One approach is to use hydraulic torque tools, another approach is to use tensioning tools that elongate the bolts hydraulically, and a further approach is to use a turn-of-the nut method. The most common method is to elongate a bolt with the use of controlled torque. Due to the influence of friction between the threads and the surface of the nut and bolt, this method gives pure clamp load accuracy but not bolt elongation. As for tensioning tools which pull and thus elongate the bolt, here the bolt elongation is achieved but it remains inaccurate due to the tendency of the bolt to relax when the tensioner is taken off. The turn-of-the nut method would be ideal if the right starting point from where the bolt elongates, could be established accurately. The term "turn-of-the nut" is used here to identify a method in accordance with which a nut is turned on the bolt to clamp the members together. In the known methods of tightening the threaded connectors based on the turn-of-the nut principle, it has not been possible to provide an exactly desired elongation of the bolt to achieve an exactly desired clamping force. Thus, while this method possesses significant advantages, it could not be implemented efficiently due to the above specified reasons. EP-A-0297515, US-A-4104779 and US-A-4211120 all disclose methods and devices for tightening threaded connectors. However they involve methods in which the yield point or threshold of a bolt is reached during tightening of the threaded connector thereby permanently deforming the bolt. Accordingly, it is one aim of the present invention to provide a method of and a device for tightening threaded connectors, which avoids the above mentioned disadvantages. In keeping with this aim and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides in a method of tightening a threaded connector as claimed in the ensuing claim 1. It is another feature of the present invention to provide a device for tightening a threaded connector, the device being as claimed in the ensuing claim 8. The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the following claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional aims and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a view showing a characteristic line of a process of turning a nut on a bolt and illustrating a relationship between a torque/pressure and a turn of a nut by degrees; and Figure 2 is a view showing a device for tightening a threaded connector in accordance with the present invention. The present invention deals with tightening a threaded connector by means of turning a nut 1 on a bolt 2. The nut and the bolt 2 are used for assembling a flange 3 including for example two flange parts 3a, 3b and a gasket (not shown) therebetween. A tool, for example a wrench 4 engages the nut 1 to turn it on the bolt 2. The tool can be of any known construction which is used in practice. For example, the tool can be a fluid-operated wrench which receives a working fluid through a supply line 5, so that the working fluid displaces a piston 15 with a piston rod, which in turn turns a pawl 16 engaging with a ratchet 8 provided with a central opening for engaging the nut 1. As can be seen from Figure 1, it has been determined that during turning a nut on a bolt, the characteristic line representing a relationship between a torque/pressure applied to the nut and a rotation of the nut has an initial curved portion and a following straight portion. The initial curved portion starting from point A and finishing at point B reflects the settling of the flange parts, its bolts, as well as gaskets, etc. Once these parts are settled, the actual elongation of the bolt starts. This relationship has been established in research described in "Design and Performance of an Automatic Control System for Fastener Tightening", published in the publication of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Proceeding 1977, Volume 191 38/77. In the above publication it was proposed to tighten the threaded connectors beyond the yield point of the bolt. In accordance with the present invention, the relationship between the torque/pressure applied to the nut and the degrees of rotation of the nut is continuously monitored. The first parameter is monitored for example by a pressure sensing transducer 6 connected with the supply line 5 which supplies the working fluid to the tool 4. The degree of rotation of the nut is monitored by a motion detecting transducer 7 for example by monitoring the position of a mark provided for example on the ratchet of the tool 4. The signals from the transducers 6 and 7 are supplied to a processing device 11 which processes the received actual values and for example can be displayed on an indicating device 9 which will show on its screen the characteristic line corresponding to the characteristic line in Figure 1. When the characteristic line reaches the point B, an operator rotates the nut 1 over a predetermined further angular distance or a predetermined further number of degrees of rotation, and stops the turning of the nut when a desired bolt elongation is achieved. The elongation can be established by knowing the number of threads per cm on the bolt. As most bolts used in the United States have 3.15 threads per cm (8 threads per inch), each full turn of a nut is equivalent to a bolt elongation of 0.32 cm (125/1000 of an inch). Therefore, it can be initially predetermined how many degrees of rotation of the nut are necessary to achieve the desired elongation. On the other hand, the turning of the nut 1 can be stopped automatically at the moment of reaching the desired elongation of the bolt. In this case the processing device 11 can be connected with a valve 10 and programmed so that when the relationship between the torque/pressure and the degree of rotation of the nut reaches the point B, the valve 10, arranged in the supply line 5 which supplies the working fluid to the tool 4, closes the supply line. It is an important inventive feature that the rotation of the nut stops when a desired bolt elongation is reached, wherein the bolt elongation can always be maintained below the yield point of the bolt. Going beyond the yield point of the bolt involves an irreversible elongation which is highly undesirable in this field. When the method is performed and the device is designed in accordance with the present invention, an exactly desired bolt elongation is achieved for reliable tightening of the threaded connector, and at the same time the risk of exceeding the yield point of a bolt is eliminated. It should be emphasized that the processing device 11 can be adjustable for a variety of bolt threads per cm to allow its use for a great number of threaded connectors. While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a method of and a device for tightening threaded connectors, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims: A method of tightening a threaded connector including a bolt (2) and a nut (1), comprising the steps of turning a nut on a bolt, continuously monitoring a relationship between a pressure applied for turning the nut and an angular distance of the turning of the nut (1) and using the monitored relationship to determine the tightened position of the nut (1) on the bolt (2), characterised by continuously monitoring the said relationship below a yield point of the bolt; determining from said monitored relationship a position of the nut when an elongation of the bolt starts below a yield point of the bolt and stopping said monitoring after said determining; and thereafter turning the nut only over such an additional angular distance that a desired elongation of the bolt (2) located below the yield point of the bolt is achieved. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said monitoring includes monitoring the pressure applied for turning the nut (1) by detecting a pressure (via 6) of a working fluid supplied to a tool (4) which turns the nut (1) on a bolt (2). A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that said monitoring turning of the nut (1) includes detecting (via 7) motion of the nut during its turning on the bolt. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that said detecting motion of the nut includes detecting a motion of a nut-holding part (8) of a tool (4) which turns the nut. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, further characterised by displaying the relationship between the pressure and the angular distance on a display (9) so that an operator can determine the point (B) on the display when the elongation of the bolt (2) starts and then turn the nut (1) by the additional angular distance. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, further characterised by the step of automatically turning off a tool (4) which turns a nut (1) on a bolt (2) upon reaching the desired elongation of the bolt. A method as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that said automatically turning off includes interrupting (via 10) a supply of working medium to the tool (4) which turns the nut on the bolt. A device for carrying out the method according to any of claims 1-7 for tightening a threaded connector including a bolt (2) and a nut (1), comprising a tool (4) for turning a nut on a bolt and means (6,7,9,11) for determining a relationship between a pressure applied for turning the nut and an angular distance of the turning of the nut, characterised in that the said relationship determining means (6, 7, 9, 11) determine the said relationship below a yield point of the bolt to determine a moment (B) when an elongation of the bolt starts below the yield point of the bolt, whereupon the tool (4) turns the nut (1) over an additional angular distance so as to reach a desired elongation of the bolt (2) substantially below the yield point of the bolt. A device as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that said relationship determining means include display means (9) for displaying the relationship between the pressure applied to the nut (1) and the angular distance of turning of the nut (1), so that an operator can determine on said display means (9) the moment (B) when the elongation of the bolt starts and then to turn the nut by the predetermined additional angular distance. A device as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that means (10) is provided for automatically stopping the turning of the nut (1) when the desired elongation of the bolt (2) is reached. A device as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said automatic means includes a pressure sensor (6) located in a supply line (5) for supplying a working fluid to the tool (4) and determining a pressure of the working fluid supplied to the tool for turning the nut (1), a motion detector (7) operative for detecting an angular position of the nut (1), and means (11) for receiving signals from said pressure sensor (6) and said motion detector (7) and turning off a supply of the working fluid in the supply line (5) when said receiving means (11) determines such relationship between the pressure and angular distance at which the desired elongation of the bolt below the yield point is reached.

Inventors: JUNKERS JOHN K, JUNKERS, JOHN K.
Applicants: JUNKERS JOHN K, JUNKERS, JOHN K.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B25B23
IPC codes: B25B23