Piperidine derivative, method for preparation thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same

Abstract: A piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxy group; R₃ represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group, or Y represents an -A-O-B- group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a lower alkyl group is disclosed. Also disclosed are a pharmacologically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I), an antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising a compound of formula (I), a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), and a method for the treatment of an allergic disease by administering a compound of formula (I).

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to novel piperidine derivatives and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof which have an antihistaminic and antiallergic activity and are useful for the treatment of, for example, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis, and urticaria, and to the method for preparation thereof. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the effective amount of the same. Description of the Prior Art Among antihistaminic agents having diphenylmethoxypiperidine ring in their molecules, diphenylpyraline (The Merck Index, 11th edition, 3334) represented by the following formula: has been developed as a clinically available drug and is used for the treatment of such ailments as allergic rhinitis and dermatosis. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 228059/1987 discloses TMK-688 (N-[2-[4-(diphenylmethoxy)piperidino]ethyl]-5-[4-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2,4-pentadienoylamide) represented by the following formula: Reference JP-A-61254559 describes a vinyl derivating and 5-lipoxigenase inhibitor used as antiallergic agent. EP-A-0 226 516 discloses amide derivatives and antiallergic agents containing the same. EP-A-0 134 124 describes piperidine derivatives and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof which possess potent selective Histamine H₁-receptor blocking and calcium antagonist properties and are of interest in the treatment of a variety of respiratory, allergenic and cardiovascular disease states. EP-A-0 335 586 discloses piperidine and piperazine derivatives, process for preparing the same and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. The compounds are used as antihistaminic and antiallergic pharmaceutical compositions. However, neither of the above discloses the compounds of the present invention. A large number of antihistaminic agents have been developed so far and are used for the treatment of, for example, allergic dermatosis or rhinitis. However, adverse reactions of a central inhibitory action caused by the administration of the known antihistaminic agent such as sleepiness or sedation is found to be a great problem with these known agents. In addition, an anticholinergic action which is considered to be one of the possible reasons for hydrodipsia or mydriasis is another undesired adverse reaction of the antihistaminic agents. Various kinds of research have been conducted to solve the above problems, however, presently available antihistaminic agents are insufficient from a clinical point of view. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds having an excellent antihistaminic activity as well as excellent antiallergic activity. Another object of the present invention is to provide novel compounds which extensively eliminate undesired adverse reactions such as a central inhibitory action when administered for the treatment of such ailments as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis and urticaria. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparation of the above novel compounds. Yet another object is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising the novel compounds which is useful for the treatment of such ailments as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis and urticaria. The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies to achieve the foregoing objects and found that the objects can be effectively attained by providing novel piperidine derivatives of the present invention. These derivatives have potent antihistaminic and antiallergic activity and induce few adverse reactions such as central inhibition. In accordance with the above objects, the present invention provides a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or a C₁ - C₄ alkoxy group; R₃ represents a hydrogen atom; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or Y represents an -A-O-B-group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, and pharmacologically acceptable salts of the above compounds. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. the present invention provides a process for preparing a piperidine derivative represented by the general formula (I). The process comprises the steps of reacting a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (II): wherein R₁, R₂, and X are the same as those defined above, with a compound represented by Z-Y-COO-R₃ (IIIa) or CH₂=CHCOO-R₃ (IIIb) wherein R₃ and Y are the same as those defined above, and Z represents a halogen atom, in a solvent or without a solvent, and in the presence or absence of a base, followed by the step of hydrolysis in a solvent using an acid or a base, if necessary. In accordance with yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising an effective amount of a piperidine derivative represented by general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid. In accordance with a further embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treatment of an allergic disease comprising an effective amount of a compound represented by general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid. The invention also provides the use of the piperidine derivative represented by general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, a pharmacologically acceptable salt of the above compounds, an antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising the same, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Description of the preferred Embodiments which follows, when read in light of the attached Examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention provides a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or a C₁ - C₄ alkoxy group; R₃ represents a hydrogen atom; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or Y represents an -A-O-B-group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group. The present invention also provides pharmacologically acceptable salts of the above compounds. In addition, the present invention provides a process for preparing the compounds of the general formula (I), and a phrmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or coating. In the above general formula (I), the halogen atom represented by R₁ and R₂ may be, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or bromine atom, the C₁ - C₄ alkoxy group may be, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, or isobutoxy group, the C₁ - C₄ alkyl group represented by R₁, R₂, and R₃ or the C₁ - C₄ alkyl group which may be a substituent of the alkylene group represented by Y, A, or B may be, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl group. The alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by Y may be substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group. Preferred examples of the present invention include: (± )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; 4-(diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidinepropionic acid; (± )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid; (± )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid; (± )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid; (± )-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (± )-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid; (± )-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid; (± )-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (± )-4-[(2-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid; (± )-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid; (± )-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid; 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid; (+ )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (- )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (+ )-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (- )-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (+ )-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; (- )-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid; 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl) methoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid; The compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid may be converted to pharmacologically acceptable salts, If desired, and may then be reconverted to produce the free compound from the obtained salts. The pharmacologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention represented by the general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid may be acid addition salts or alkali addition salts. Examples of the acid addition salts include mineral acids such as for example hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate, and organic acid salt such as for example acetate, maleate, fumarate, malate, citrate, oxalate, lactate, and tartrate. Examples of the alkali addition salts include metal salts such as for example sodium, potassium, and calcium salt, and organic alkali salts such as for example ammonium salts, methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, piperidine, and piperazine salts. The compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid may have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule, and consequently, optically active compounds and diastereoisomers may exist, which are incorporated within the scope of the present invention. The novel piperidine derivatives of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid can be prepared by reacting a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (II): wherein R₁, R₂, and X are the same as those defined above, with a compound represented by Z-Y-COO-R₃ (IIIa) or CH₂=CHCOO-R₃ (IIIb) wherein R₃ and Y are the same as those defined above, and Z represents a halogen atom, in a solvent or without a solvent in the presence or absence of a base, and followed by hydrolysis in a solvent by using an acid or a base, if necessary. Any inert solvent may be used in the condensation process of the present invention. Examples of the inert solvent include benzene. toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide. Examples of the base used in the process of the present invention include potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, pyridine, and triethylamine. The reaction may be carried out at from 0 to 200 °C. For the hydrolysis process, an acid such as for example hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, or a base such as for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate may be used. A solvent used in the hydrolysis may be, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, or tetrahydrofuran, and the hydrolysis may be carried our at from 0 to 100 °C. In addition, the compounds represented by the above general formula (II), used as starting materials for the above process, are, with a few exceptions, novel compounds which may be prepared according to the following process: wherein, R₁, R₂, and X are the same as those defined above, Z' and Z'' are the same or different and each represents a halogen atom, and R₄ represents a lower alkyl group. The novel piperidine compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (I) or the compounds (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid, (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid and the pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof has an excellent anti-histaminic and antiallergic activity, and thus is quite useful for the treatment of an allergic disease, such as, for example, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatosis, and urticaria. The piperidine compounds of the present invention and their pharmacologically acceptable salts may be administered orally or parenterally to a patient as a pharmaceutical composition which comprises an effective amount of said compound or said salt together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or coating. The pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration may be, for example, tablet, capsule, powder, subtilized granule, granule, solution, or syrup. The pharmaceutical composition suitable for parenteral administration may be injection, suppository, inhalant, eye drop, nasal drop, ointment, or cataplasm. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or coating used for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition may be excipient, disintegrant or agent for accelerating disintegration, binder, lubricant, coating agent, pigment, diluent, base, solubilizing agent, solubilizer, isotonicity, pH adjusting agent, stabilizer, propellant, and adhesive. For the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration, dermal administration, or mucosal application, the coating or carrier may comprise the following: an excipient such as for example glucose, lactose, D-mannitol, starch, or crystalline cellulose; a disintegrant or an agent for accelerating disintegration such as for example carboxymethylcellulose, starch, or calcium carboxymethylcellulose; a binder such as for example hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or gelatin; a lubricant such as for example magnesium stearate or talc; a coating agent such as for example hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sucrose, or titanium oxide; a base such as for example petrolatum, liquid paraffin, polyethyleneglycol, or hard fat; a propellant such as for example fron, diethylether, or compressed gas; an adhesive such as for example sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylalcohol, methylcellulose, polyisobutylene, or polybutene; or a base sheet such as for example cloth or plastic sheet. The pharmaceutical composition suitable for injection may comprise the following: a solubilizing agent or a solubilizer, e.g., distilled water for injection, saline, or propylene glycol which is useful for an aqueous composition or a composition for preparing aqueous solution before use; an isotonicity agent such as for example glucose, sodium chloride, D-mannitol, or glycerin; and a pH adjusting agent such as for example an inorganic or organic acid or an inorganic or organic base. The dose of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for an adult patient may generally be from about 1 to 300 mg per day for oral administration, which may be increased or decreased depending on the conditions of the patient to be treated. The present invention will be further illustrated by the following Examples and Reference Examples. The Examples are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting. Examples and Reference Examples The following example shows the excellent effectiveness of the present compounds. The results of 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats with the monitoring of antiallergic activity and potentiation of hexobarbital-induced anesthesia in mice with the monitoring of central nervous depressive activity are summarized in Table 1. The following compounds were used as the reference compounds. Reference compound A: diphenylpyraline hydrochloride Reference compound B: TMK-688 1. 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats a) Preparation of DNP-As and rat anti-DNP-As serum Ascaris extract coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenyl group (DNP-As) was prepared by the method of Koda et al. (Folia pharmacol. japon., 78, 319-334, 1981) and anti-DNP-As containing IgE antibody serum was prepared by the method of Tada and Okumura (J. Immunol., 106, 1019-1025, 1971). The PCA titer of the antiserum was estimated as 1:128 by 48 hr PCA in rats. b) 48 hr homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats Male Wistar rats weighing 160 to 220 g were sensitized passively by intradermal injection in the back, of 0.05 ml of anti-DNP-As serum, diluted 21-fold with saline. After 48 hr, the animals (18-20 hr fasted) were given i.v. 0.5 ml of 1% Evans blue solution containing 1 mg of DNP-As. After additional thirty minutes, the animals were killed by stunning and the skins were removed. The intensity of the response was evaluated by assaying the amount of dye leaked according to the method of Katayama et al. (Microbiol. Immunol., 22, 89-101, 1978). The percent inhibition of PCA was calculated using the following formula: Test compounds were given orally in a dose 1.0 mg/kg 1 hr prior to challenge with antigen. As a control, 5 ml/kg of vehicle (0.5% CMC) alone were given in a similar manner. The results are shown in Table 1. 2. Potentiation of hexobarbital-induced anesthesia in mice The loss of righting reflex induced by hexobarbital was used as an index of anesthesia. Groups of eight male ddY mice (20-24 hr fasted) weighing 19 to 27 g were treated orally with the test compounds (30 mg/kg) or vehicle. thirty minutes later, 80 mg/kg of hexobarbital sodium were injected i.p. to the animals and the duration of loss of righting reflex was observed. The percent increase of sleeping time was calculated using the following formula: The results are listed in Table 1. Test compound the percent inhibition of PCA in rats (%, 1 mg/kg, p.o.) the percent increase of hexobarbital-induced anesthesia in mice (%, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) Example 1 68 -8 Example 2 62 29 Example 7 51 -2 Example 8 65 3 Example 9 63 12 Example 12 68 24 Example 17 60 4 Example 18 54 18 Example 20 71 20 Example 34 53 29 Example 37 73 21 Example 38 83 31 Example 41 64 -12 Example 45 55 29 Example 46. 36 -1 Reference compound A -1 75 Reference compound B 8 35 The present compounds exhibited a more potent antiallergic activity and less potent central nervous depressive activity than the reference compounds. Reference 1 (± )-4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride A mixture of 48.6 g of 4-fluorobenzhydryl chloride, 25.3 g of 4-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine and 18.3 g of potassium carbonate was heated with stirring at 140°C for 5.5 hours. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated. The residue was taken up in ether and the organic layer was extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water. dried and concentrated to give 53.3 g of reddish brown liquid, which was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner and then recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and ether to give colorless needles, mp 192 - 193 °C. Analysis for C₁₉H₂₂FNO · HCl · 1/4H₂O: Calculated C, 67.05; H, 6.96; N, 4.12 Found C, 67.13; H, 6.89; N, 4.08 Reference 2 4-(Diphenylmethylthio)-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride A mixture of 12.7 g of benzhydryl chloride, 8.20 g of 4-mercapto-1-methylpiperidine and 8.64 g of potassium carbonate was heated with stirring at 150 °C for 3.5 hours. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with benzene. The benzene layer was extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 10.3 g of brown liquid, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel [eluent: chloroform-methanol (50:1)] to give an oily residue. The residue was solidified with n-hexane to give 6.41 g of pale brown crystals, m.p. 72 ∼ 74 °C , which were converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner and then recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and ether to give pale yellow needles, mp 182 ∼ 183°C. Analysis for C₁₉H₂₃NS · HCl: Calculated C, 68.34; H, 7.24; N, 4.19 Found C, 68.21; H, 7.05; N, 4.18 The compounds of References 3 to 12 were prepared in the same manner as described in References 1 and 2. Reference 3 (± )-4-[(2-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 156 ∼ 157°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₂ClNO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 63.96; H, 6.07; N, 3.24 Found C, 63.97; H, 6.04; N, 3.27 Reference 4 (± )-4-[(3-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless prisms, mp 148 ∼ 150°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₂ClNO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 63.96; H, 6.07; N, 3.24 Found C, 63.90; H, 6.17; N, 3.20 Reference 5 (± )-1-Methyl-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine maleate Colorless needles, mp 132 ∼ 133°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₅NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 70.05; H, 7.10; N, 3.40 Found C, 69.85; H, 7.06; N, 3.48 Reference 6 4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless needles, mp 147 ∼ 148°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₁F₂NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 63.73; H, 5.81; N, 3.23 Found C, 63.77; H, 5.83; N, 3.22 Reference 7 (± )-4-[(4-Ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 171 ∼ 174°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₇NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 70.57; H, 7.34; N, 3.29 Found C, 70.48; H, 7.22; N, 3.23 Reference 8 (± )-1-Methyl-4-[(4-n-propylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 166 ∼ 169°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₉NO · HCl · H₂O: Calculated C, 69.91; H, 8.53; N, 3.71 Found C, 70.12; H, 8.33; N, 3.66 Reference 9 (± )-4-[(4-n-Butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 96 ∼ 98°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₃H₃₁NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 71.50; H, 7.78; N, 3.09 Found C, 71.20; H, 7.98; N, 3.18 Reference 10 (± )-4-[(4-tert-Butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 212 ∼ 215°C (EtOH-AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₃H₃₁NO · HCl: Calculated C, 73.87; H, 8.62; N, 3.75 Found C, 73.76; H, 8.65; N, 3.73 Referecne 11 4-[Bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 135 ∼ 137°C (Me₂CO). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₇NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 70.57; H, 7.34; N, 3.29 Found C, 70.39; H, 7.35; N, 3.38 Reference 12 (± )-4-[4-Ethoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine fumarate Colorless needles, mp 164 ∼ 165.5°C (EtOH). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₇NO₂ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 68.01; H, 7.08; N, 3.17 Found C, 67.83; H, 7.28; N, 3.08 Reference 13 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate A quantity of 92.9 g of ethyl chlorocarbonate was added dropwise to a solution of 50.2 g of ( ± )-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-methylpiperidine in 200 ml of toluene, and the resulting solution was refluxed for 8 hours. After cooling, the reaction soltuion was washed with hydrochloric acid and water, dried and concentrated to give 51.9 g of yellowish brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 357 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq)cm⁻¹ : 1698 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.54-1.96 (4H, m), 3.00 - 3.36 (2H, m), 3.40 - 3.94 (3H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.50 (1H, s), 6.97 (2H, t, J=9Hz), 7.15 - 7.50 (7H, m). Reference 14 Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinecarboxylate A quantity of 11.6 g of ethyl chlorocarbonate was added dropwise to a solution of 6.40 g of 4-(diphenylmethylthio)-1-methylpiperidine in 30 ml of toluene, and then the resulting mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture was washed with hydrochloric acid and water, dried and concentrated to give 7.73 g of pale yellowish brown solid, which were recrystallized from n-hexane to give colorless needles, mp 70 ∼ 71 °C. Analysis for C₂₁H₂₅NO₂S: Calculated C, 70.95; H, 7.09; N, 3.94 Found C, 71.09; H, 6.89; N, 3.92 The compounds of References 15 to 25 were prepared in the same manner as described in References 13 and 14. Reference 15 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(2-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 373, 375 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq)cm⁻¹ : 1700 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.24(3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.40 - 2.10 (4H, m), 3.00 - 4.00 (5H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7 Hz), 5.99 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.70 (9H, m). Reference 16 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(3-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 373, 375 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1698 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.25 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.50 - 2.05 (4H, m), 3.00 - 4.00 (5H, m), 4.12 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.47 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.55 (9H, m). Reference 17 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 373, 375 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1698 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.45 - 2.00 (4H, m), 3.00 - 3.95 (5H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.48 (1H, s), 7.10 - 7.50 (9H, m). Reference 18 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale yellowish brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 353(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1700 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.40 - 2.00 (4H, m), 2.31 (3H, s), 3.00 - 3.96 (5H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.49 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.50 (9H, m). Reference 19 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 369(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1696 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.50 - 2.00 (4H, m), 3.00 - 3.95 (5H, m), 3.77 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.48 (1H, s), 6.84 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.10 - 7.50 (5H, m), 7.24 (2H, d, J=9Hz). Reference 20 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 367(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1700 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 1.21 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.55 - 2.04 (4H, m), 2.62 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 3.00 - 3.97 (5H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.50 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.50 (9H, m). Reference 21 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-n-propylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 381(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1702 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 0.92 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.36 - 2.04 (6H, m), 2.55 (2H, t, J=7Hz), 3.00 - 3.96 (5H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.49 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.46 (9H, m). Reference 22 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-n-butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 395(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1702 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃)ppm: 0.91 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.09 - 2.02 (8H, m), 2.57 (2H, t, J=7Hz), 3.04 - 3.96 (5H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.49 (1H, s), 7.04 - 7.46 (9H, m). Reference 23 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 395(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1702 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.29 (9H, s), 1.50 - 1.90 (4H, m), 3.00 - 3.96 (5H, m) , 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.50 (1H, s), 7.10 - 7.46 (9H, m). Reference 24 Ethyl 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Orange liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 367(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1700 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.39 - 2.00 (4H, m), 2.31 (6H, s), 2.98 - 3.95 (5H, m). 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.46 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.37 (8H, m). Reference 25 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate Pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 383(M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm⁻¹ : 1700 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.39 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.54 - 2.00 (4H, m), 3.01 - 3.88 (5H, m), 4.01 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 4.12 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.47 (1H, s), 6.83 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.08 - 7.47 (5H, m), 7.22 (2H, d, J=9Hz). Reference 26 (± )-4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine hydrochloride A mixture of 51.4 g of (±)-ethyl 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecarboxylate, 50.0 g of sodium hydroxide, 52.5 ml of water and 300 ml of ethanol was refluxed for 22 hours and concentrated. Water was added to the residue and extracted with ether. The ether layer was washed with water and extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 38.3 g of pale yellowish brown liquid, which was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner and then recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and ether to give colorless needles, mp 173 ∼ 174 °C. Analysis for C₁₈H₂₀FNO · HCl: Calculated C, 67.18; H, 6.58; N, 4.35 Found C, 67.19; H, 6.53; N, 4.32 Reference 27 4-(Diphenylmethylthio)piperidine hydrochloride A mixture of 7.60 g of ethyl 4-(diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinecarboxylate, 5.12 g of sodium hydroxide, 12.8 ml of water and 50 ml of ethanol was refluxed for 13 hours and then concentrated. Water was added to the residue and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether. The ether layer was extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 5.05 g of pale brown crystals, mp 86 ∼ 88 °C . The crystals were converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner and then recrystallized from ethanol to give pale yellow prisms. mp 199∼ 200°C. Analysis for C₁₈H₂₁NS · HCl: Calculated C, 67.58; H, 6.93; N, 4.38 Found C, 67.55; H, 6.79; N, 4.34 The compounds of References 28 to 38 were prepared in the same manner described in References 26 and 27. Reference 28 (± )-4-[(2-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 157 ∼ 160°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₁₈H₂₀ClNO · HCl: Calculated C, 63.91; H, 6.26; N, 4.14 Found C, 63.69; H, 6.21; N, 4.12 Reference 29 (± )-4-[(3-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 159 ∼ 160°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₁₈H₂₀ClNO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 63.23; H, 5.79; N, 3.35 Found C, 63.16; H, 5.70; N, 3.33 Reference 30 (± )-4-[4-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine maleate Colorless prisms, mp 159 ∼ 161°C (EtOH). Analysis for C₁₈H₂₀ClNO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 63.23; H, 5.79; N, 3.35 Found C, 63.07; H, 5.89; N, 3.39 Reference 31 (± )-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless needles, mp. 188∼ 189°C (EtOH). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₃NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 69.50; H, 6.85; N, 3.52 Found C, 69.34; H, 7.02; N, 3.57 Reference 32 (± )-4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 152 ∼ 153°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₃NO₂ · C₄H₄O₄ · 1/4H₂O: Calculated C, 66.09; H, 6.63; N, 3.35 Found C, 66.06; H, 6.45; N, 3.42 Reference 33 (± )-4-[(4-Ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 127 ∼ 129°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₅NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 70.05; H, 7.10; N, 3.40 Found C, 70.33; H, 7.10; N, 3.43 Reference 34 (± )-4-[(4-n-Propylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless needles, mp 142 ∼ 143.5°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₇NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 70.57; H, 7.34; N, 3.29 Found C, 70.62; H, 7.44; N, 3.32 Reference 35 (± )-4-[(4-n-Butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless pillars, mp 183 ∼ 184°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₉NO · 1/2C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 75.56; H, 8.19; N, 3.67 Found C, 75.39; H, 8.26; N, 3.56 Reference 36 (± )-4-[(4-tert-Butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 163 ∼ 166°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₉NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 71.05; H, 7.57; N, 3.19 Found C, 70.99; H, 7.52; N, 3.23 Reference 37 4-[Bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless needles, mp 164 ∼ 168°C (MeOH). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₅NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 70.05; H, 7.10; N, 3.40 Found C, 69.93; H, 7.16; N, 3.31 Reference 38 (± )-4-[(4-Ethoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine fumarate Colorless prisms, mp 112 ∼ 115°C (EtOH). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₅NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 67.43; H, 6.84 N, 3.28 Found C, 67.24; H, 6.85; N, 3.33 Reference 39 (+)- and (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine (+)-Dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid (19.3 g) was added to a solution of 25.3 g of ( ± )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine in methanol. The precipitate was collected by filtration to give 15.8 g of the crude (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartarate. The mother liquor was concentrated and the residue obtained was converted to the free base in the usual manner. (-)-Dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid (8.28 g) was added to the solution of the free base in methanol. The precipitate was collected by filtration to give 16.8 g of the crude (-)-dibenzoyl-L-tartarate. The crude (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartarate was recrystallized from methanol to give 6.72 g of the pure (+)-dibenzoyl-D-tartarate as colorless needles, mp 166.5∼ 167°C . The needles were converted to the free base in the usual manner to give 3.73 g of (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine as colorless liquid [specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D + 13.3° (c=0.5, CHCl₃), optical purity 96% ee]. The free base was converted to the fumarate in the usual manner, and the fumarate was recrystallized from ethanol to give colorless needles, mp 173 ∼ 174°C. specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D + 10.2° (c=0.5, MeOH). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₃NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 69.50; H, 6.85; N, 3.52 Found C, 69.53; H, 6.93; N, 3.56 The crude (-)-dibenzoyl-L-tartarate was recrystallized from methanol to give 9.37 g of the pure (-)-dibenzoyl-L-tartarate as colorless needles, mp 169°C . The needles were converted to the free base in the usual manner to give 5.16 g of (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine as a colorless liquid [specific rotation [α ] 20 / D -13.4° (c=0.5, CNCl₃), optical purity 96% ee]. The free base was converted to the fumarate in the usual manner, and the fumarate was recrystallized from ethanol to give colorless needles, mp 173.5 ∼ 175°C. specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D -10.1° (c=0.5, MeOH). Analysis for C₁₉H₂₃NO · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 69.50; H, 6.85; N, 3.52 Found C, 69.62; H, 6.95; N, 3.60 Reference 40 (± )-Methyl 4[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride A mixture of 7.00 g of (± )-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidine, 6.25 g of methyl 6-bromocaproate, 3.44 g of potassium carbonate and 35 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 70°C for 3.5 hours. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether. The ether layer was extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 8.96 g of yellow liquid. The yellow liquid was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner to give 8.29 g of pale orange crystals, which were then recrystallised from ethyl acetate to give colorless needles, mp 126∼ 129°C. Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.01; H, 8.14; N, 3.14 Found C, 69.78; H, 8.13; N, 3.14 Reference 41 Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride A mixture of 5.34 g of 4-(diphenylmethoxy)piperidine, 3.98 g of ethyl 3-bromopropionate, 2.76 g of potassium carbonate and 30 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 70 °C for 3 hours. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 5.90 g of pale yellow liquid. The yellow liquid was converted to the hydrochloride in the usual manner, and the hydrochloride was then recrystallized from ethanol to give colorless plates, mp 176 ∼ 178°C. Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 68.39; H, 7.49; N, 3.47 Found C, 68.29; H, 7.33; N, 3.45 Reference 42 Ethyl 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride A mixture of 3.25 g of 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-piperidine 1.43 g of ethyl acrylate and 20 ml of ethanol was refluxed for 2 hours and then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ether and made acidic with ethanolic hydrogen chloride give 4.23 g of colorless crystals. The crystals were recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and ether to give colorless needles, mp 153 ∼ 156°C. Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.39; H, 7.96; N, 3.25 Reference 43 Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride A mixture of 1.70 g of 4-(diphenylmethylthio)piperidine, 1.30 g of ethyl 3-bromopropionate, 0.83 g of potassium carbonate and 10 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 70°C for 3 hours. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting mixture was extracted with ether. The ether layer was extracted with hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 1.98g of pale yellowish brown liquid. The brown liquid was converted to the hydrochloride and then recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and ether to give colorless crystals, mp 149∼ 150°C. Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₂S · HCl: Calculated C, 65.77; H, 7.20; N, 3.33 Found C, 63.72; H, 7.06; N, 3.36 Reference 44 (± )-Methyl 2-[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetate A mixture of 4.46 g of (± )-[(4-fluorophenyl)-phenylmethoxy]piperidine, 2.75 g of methyl 2-chloroethoxyacetate, 2.07 g of potassium carbonate and 45 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide was stirred at 70°C for 22 hours. After cooling, water was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with ether. The extract was washed with water, dried and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel [eluent: chloroform-methanol(50:1)] to give 4.40 g of yellowish orange liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 401 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1758 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.60 - 2.00 (4H, m), 2.00 - 3.00 (4H, m), 2.60 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.20 - 3.55 (1H, m), 3.66 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, s), 5.48 (1H, s), 6.97 (2H, t, J=9Hz), 7.15 - 7.45 (7H, m). The compounds of Example 6 to 63 were prepared in the same manner described in Example 1 to 5. Reference 45 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 367 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1746 (COO-). NMR spectrumδ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.25 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.66 - 2.06 (4H, m), 2.06 - 2.96 (4H, m), 2.31 (3H, s), 3.19 (2H, s), 3.28 - 3.62 (1H, m), 4.16 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.47 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.42 (9H, m). Reference 46 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate fume Colorless crystals, mp 101 ∼ 104°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₄H₃₁NO₃ · C₄H₄O₄ : Calculated C, 67.59; H, 7.09; N, 2.81 Found C, 67.29; H, 7.15; N, 2.83 Reference 47 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyrate Yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 395 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1736 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.40 - 3.00 (14H,m), 2.31 (3H, s), 3.20 - 3.60 (1H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.48 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.50 (9H, m). Reference 48 (± )-Ethyl 4[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevalerate fumarate Colorless needles, mp 116 ∼ 117°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₃ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 68.55; H, 7.48; N, 2.66 Found C, 68.36; H, 7.35; N, 2.59 Reference 49 ( ± )-Methyl 2-[4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 397 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1758 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.64 - 2.04 (4H, m), 2.04 - 2.96 (4H, m), 2.31 (3H, s), 2.60 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.30 - 3.56 (1H, m), 3.66 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz) 3.73 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, s), 5.47 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.40 (9H, m). Reference 50 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless prisms, mp 142 ∼ 145°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.23; H, 7.91; N, 3.33 Reference 51 (± )-Methyl 4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproate Yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 423 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1738 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.09 - 2.97 (18H, m), 1.21 (3H, t, J=7.5Hz), 2.62 (2H, q, J=7.5Hz), 3.28 - 3.60 (1H, m), 3.65 (3H, s), 5.48 (1H, s), 7.03 - 7.50 (9H, m). Reference 52 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-n-propylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 154 ∼ 156°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.01; H, 8.14; N, 3.14 Found C, 70.00; H, 8.13; N, 3.21 Reference 53 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-n-butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 167 ∼ 170°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₇H₃₇NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.49; H, 8.33; N, 3.04 Found C, 70.49; H, 8.27; N, 3.08 Reference 54 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless flakes, mp 138 ∼ 140.5°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₇H₃₇NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.49; H, 8.33; N, 3.04 Found C, 70.47; H, 8.19; N, 3.11 Reference 55 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetate maleate Colorless needles, mp 109 ∼ 112°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₄ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 64.92; H, 6.66; N, 2.80 Found C, 64.87; H, 6.64; N, 2.88 Reference 56 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 109 ∼ 111°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₄H₃₁NO₄ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 65.48; H, 6.87; N, 2.73 Found C, 65.37; H, 6.82; N, 2.64 Reference 57 (± )-Ethyl 4[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyrate fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 127 ∼ 130°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₄ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 66.02; H, 7.07; N, 2.65 Found C, 65.82; H, 7.12; N, 2.63 Reference 58 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevalerate fumarate Pale brown prisms, mp 117 ∼ 119°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₄ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 66.53; H, 7.26; N, 2.59 Found C, 66.41; H, 7.13; N, 2.47 Reference 59 (± )-Methyl 4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproate fumarate Colorless flakes, mp 95 ∼ 97 °C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₄ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 66.53; H, 7.26; N, 2.59 Found C, 66.42; H, 7.01; N, 2.60 Reference 60 ( ± )-Methyl 2-[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 413 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹ : 1756 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.60 - 2.08 (4H, m), 2.08 - 3.00 (4H, m) , 2.61 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.30 - 3.56 (1H, m), 3.67 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 3.77 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, s), 5.47 (1H, s), 6.83 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.23 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.08 - 7.44 (5H, m). Reference 61 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate fumarate Colorless crystals, mp 149 ∼ 150.5°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₄ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 66.02; H, 7.07; N, 2.65 Found C, 65.89; H, 7.02; N, 2.65 Reference 62 Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidineacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 353 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1748 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.25 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.56 - 2.10 (4H, m), 2.20 - 3.00 (4H, m), 3.20 (2H, s), 3.30 - 3.64 (1H, m), 4.17 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.50 (1H, s), 7.08 - 7.64 (10H, m). Reference 63 (± )-Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethoxy)-α-methyl-1-piperidineacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 367 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1730 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.27 (3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.50 - 2.10 (4H, m), 2.15 - 3.05 (4H, m), 3.27 (1H, q,J=7Hz), 3.15 - 3.65 (1H, m), 4.14 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.50 (1H, s), 7.05 - 7.45 (10H, m). Reference 64 Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidinevalerate hydrochloride Colorless flakes, mp 137 ∼ 139°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.50; H, 7.86; N, 3.33 Reference 65 Methyl 2-[4-(diphenylmethoxy)piperidino]ethoxyacetate Colorless liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 383 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1756 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.50 - 2.97 (8H, m), 2.61 (2H, t, J=6Hz), 3.30 - 3.60 (1H, m), 3.67(2H, t, J=6Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, s), 5.50 (1H, s), 7.29 (10H, s-like). Reference 66 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 166 ∼ 167°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₆ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 62.27; H, 6.41; N, 3.30 Found C, 62.02; H, 6.36; N, 3.22 Reference 67 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 187 ∼ 189°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₈ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 63.01; H, 6.67; N, 3.20 Found C, 62.77; H, 6.63; N, 3.24 Reference 68 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevalerate fumarate Colorless needles, mp 125 ∼ 126°C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₂ClNO₃ · C₄H₄O₄: Calculated C, 63.79; H, 6.65; N, 2.57 Found C, 63.78; H, 6.54; N, 2.59 Reference 69 (± )-Methyl 2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 417, 419 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1758 (COO-). NMR spectrumδ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.60 - 1.96 (4H, m), 2.04 - 2.36 (2H, m), 2.60 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 2.66 - 2.96 (2H, m), 3.26 - 3.60 (1H, m), 3.66 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.11 (2H, s), 5.47 (1H, s), 7.10 - 7.44 (9H, m). Reference 70 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(3-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 170 ∼ 172°C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₈ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 63.01; H, 6.67; N, 3.20 Found C, 62.80; H, 6.42; N, 3.15 Reference 71 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(3-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyrate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 415, 417 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1734 (COO-). NMR spectrumδ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.25 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.50 - 3.00 (14H, m), 3.20 - 3.60 (1H, m), 4.12 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.46 (1H, s), 7.10 - 7.50 (9H, m). Reference 72 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(2-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 144 ∼ 146°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₈ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 63.01; H, 6.67; N, 3.20 Found C, 62.93; H, 6.75; N, 3.12 Reference 73 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(2-chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyrate Yellowish orange liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 415, 417 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1736 (COO-). NMR spectrumδ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.40 - 2.95 (14H, m), 3.20 - 3.60 (1H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.97 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.70 (9H, m). Reference 74 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 167 ∼ 170°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₆FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 64.78; H, 6.67; N, 3.43 Found C, 64.73; H, 6.58; N, 3.30 Reference 75 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 200 ∼ 201°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₈FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 65.47; H, 6.93; N, 3.32 Found C, 65.17; H, 6.87; N, 3.34 Reference 76 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyrate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 128 ∼ 131°C (AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₄H₃₀FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 66.12; H, 7.17; N, 3.21 Found C, 66.07; H, 7.03; N, 3.15 Reference 77 (± )-Ethyl 4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevalerate hydrochloride Pale brown crystals, mp 122 ∼ 123°C (AcOEt-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₂FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 66.73; H, 7.39; N, 3.11 Found C, 66.44; H, 7.37; N, 3.13 Reference 78 Ethyl 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidineacetate hydrochloride Colorless needless, mp 160 ∼ 161.5°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₅F₂NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 62.04; H, 6.15; N, 3.29 Found C, 62.01; H, 6.11; N, 3.37 Reference 79 Ethyl 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 192∼ 197°C (Me₂CO) Analysis for C₂₃H₂₇F₂NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 62.79; H, 6.42; N, 3.18 Found C, 62.75; H, 6.36; N, 3.18 Reference 80 Ethyl 4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinevalerate Yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 431 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1734 (COO-). NMR spectrumδ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.25 (3H, t, J=7Hz), 1.40 - 1.94 (8H, m), 1.98 - 2.92 (8H, m), 3.26 - 3.56 (1H, m), 4.12 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.46 (1H, s), 6.99 (4H, t, J=8.5Hz), 7.27 (4H, dd, J=8.5, 6Hz). Reference 81 Methyl 2-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetate Yellowish orange liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 419 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1754 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.45 - 2.05 (4H, m), 2.05 - 3.00 (4H, m), 2.62 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.20 - 3.60 (1H, m), 3.67 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.74 (3H, s), 4.12 (2H, s), 5.46 (1H, s), 6.99 (4H, t, J=8.5Hz), 7.27 (4H, dd, J=8.5, 5.5Hz). Reference 82 Ethyl 4-(diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinebutyrate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 397 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1734 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.24 (3H, t, J=7HZ), 1.40 - 2.20 (10H, m), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7Hz), 2.40 - 3.00 (3H, m), 4.11 (2H, q, J=7Hz), 5.21 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.60 (10H, m). Reference 83 Methyl 2-[4-(diphenylmethylthio)piperidino]ethoxyacetate Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 399 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1758 (COO-). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.40 - 2.55 (7H, m), 2.58 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 2.70 - 3.00 (2H, m), 3.65 (2H, t, J=5.5Hz), 3.73 (3H, s), 4.10 (2H, s), 5.21 (1H, s), 7.15 - 7.55 (10H, m). Reference 84 (+)-Methyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 142.5 ∼ 143.5°C (AcOEt). specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D + 9.0 ° (c=0.5, MeOH). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.01; H, 8.14; N, 3.14 Found C, 69.80; H, 8.18; N, 3.27 Reference 85 (-)-Methyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 142.5 ∼ 143.5°C (AcOEt). specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D - 9.1 ° (c=0.5, MeOH). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.01; H, 8.14; N, 3.14 Found C, 69.75; H, 8.18; N, 3.21 Example 1 (± )-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride A mixture of 8.29 g of ( ± )-methyl 4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproate hydrochloride in 40 ml of methanol and 28 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was refluxed for 1 hour and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, made acidic with hydrochloric acid and extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried and concentrated. The residue was solidified by treatment with ethyl acetate and ether. The precipitate was collected by filtration to give 7.73 g of colorless crystals. The crystals were then recrystallized from a mixture of water and acetone to give 5.80g of colorless prisms, mp 168 ∼ 170°C. Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.43; H, 8.07; N, 3.24 Example 2 4-(Diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride A mixture of 3.22 g of ethyl 4-(diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride in 30 ml of methanol and 12.0 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was refluxed for 1 hour and concentrated. Water was added to the residue and made acidic with hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtration and recrystallized from water to give 2.64 g of colorless needles, mp 183 ∼ 185°C Analysis for C₂₁H₂₅NO₃ · HCl · 1/2H₂O: Calculated C, 65.53; H, 7.07; N, 3.64 Found C, 65.73; H, 6.87; N, 3.80 Example 3 4-[Bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride A mixture of 3.55 g of ethyl 4-[bis(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinepropionate hydrochloride, 12.4 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 20 ml of methanol was refluxed for 1 hour and then concentrated. Water was added to the residue and made acidic with hydrochloric acid. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration to give 3.29 g of colorless crystals. The crystals were recrystallized from water to give 2.63 g of colorless needles, mp 159 ∼ 162°C. Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 68.39; H, 7.49; N, 3.47 Found C, 68.43; H, 7.49; N, 3.39 Example 4 4-(Diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride A mixture of 1.45 g of ethyl 4-(diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinepropionate in 15 ml of methanol and 5.7 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was refluxed for 1 hour and concentrated. Water was added to the residue and made acidic with hydrochloric acid. The precipitate was collected by filtration and recrystallized from a mixture of ethanol and ether to give 1.04 g of colorless plates, mp 170 ∼ 172°C. Analysis for C₂₁H₂₅NO₂S · HCl · 1/2H₂O Calculated C, 62.91; H, 6.79; N, 3.49 Found C, 63.03; H, 7.03; N, 3.31 Example 5 (± )-2-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid A mixture of 3.81 g of (± )-methyl 2-[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetate in 35ml of methanol and 9.2ml of 2N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was refluxed for 2 hours and concentrated. Water was added to the residue, made acidic with hydrochloric acid and extracted with chloroform. The extract was dried and evaporated. The resulting residue was dissolved in chloroform and the chloroform solution was made alkaline by bubbling ammonia gas through the solution. The resulting precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to give 2.09 g of pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 387 (M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1606 (COO⁻ ) NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.73 - 2.40 (4H, m), 2.80 - 3.40 (6H, m), 3.53 - 3.93 (3H, m), 4.00 (2H, s), 5.43 (1H, s), 7.00 (2H, t, J=8.5Hz), 7.15 - 7.50 (7H, m). The compounds of Examples 69 to 126 were prepared in the same manner described in Examples 64 to 68. Example 6 (± )-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetic acid Colorless needles, mp 73.5 ∼ 75 °C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₅NO₃ · 2H₂O: Calculated C, 67.18; H, 7.79; N, 3.73 Found C, 67.10; H, 7.51; N, 3.81 Example 7 (± )-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 157 ∼ 159°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₇NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 67.77; H, 7.24; N, 3.59 Found C, 67.63; H, 6.99; N, 3.54 Example 8 (± )-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 151 ∼ 153°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 68.39; H, 7.49; N, 3.47 Found C, 68.19; H, 7.33; N, 3.27 Example 9 (± )-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride Colorless prisms, mp 171.5 ∼ 173°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₄H₃₁NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 68.97; H, 7.72; N, 3.35 Found C, 68.81; H, 7.49; N, 3.29 Example 10 (± )-2-[4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 384 (M⁺ +1). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1592 (COO⁻) NMR spectrumδ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.88 - 2.46 (4H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.88 - 3.38 (6H, m), 3.64 - 3.95 (3H, m), 4.01 (2H, s), 5.41 (1H, s), 7.00 - 7.40 (9H, m). Example 11 (± )-4-[(4-Ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 139.5 ∼ 142.5°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O) Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 68.39; H, 7.49; N, 3.47 Found C, 68.29; H, 7.65; N, 3.52 Example 12 (± )-4-[(4-Ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 132 ∼ 137°C (Me₂CO). Analysis for C₂₆H₃₅NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 70.01; H, 8.14; N, 3.14 Found C, 69.81; H, 8.15; N, 3.04 Example 13 (± )-4-[(4-n-Propylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 140 ∼ 143°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O) Analysis for C₂₄H₃₁NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 68.97; H, 7.72; N, 3.35 Found C, 68.85; H, 7.75; N, 3.29 Example 14 (± )-4-[(4-n-Butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 127 ∼ 130°C (Me₂CO-iso-Pr₂O). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl · 1/4H₂O: Calculated C, 68.79; H, 7.97; N, 3.21 Found C, 68.69; H, 7.98; N, 3.24 Example 15 (± )-4-[4-tert-Butylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Pale yellow crystals, mp 103 ∼ 105°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.50; H, 8.03; N, 3.22 Example 16 (± )-4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetic acid Pale yellow crystals, mp 84 ∼ 85 °C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₅NO₄ · 2H₂O: Calculated C, 64.43; H, 7.47; N, 3.58 Found C, 64.70; H, 7.16; N, 3.41 Example 17 (± )-4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 146 ∼ 148°C (EtOH-AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₇NO₄ · HCl: Calculated C, 65.10; H, 6.95; N, 3.45 Found C, 64.99; H, 6.83; N, 3.45 Example 18 (± )-4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 135 ∼ 137°C (EtOH-AcOEt). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₄ · HCl · 1/4H₂O: Calculated C, 65.08; H, 7.24; N, 3.30 Found C, 64.96; H, 7.01; N, 3.28 Example 19 (± )-4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride Colorless prisms, mp 150 ∼ 151°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₄H₃₁NO₄ · HCl: Calculated C, 66.42; H, 7.43; N, 3.23 Found C, 66.18; H, 7.43; N, 3.26 Example 20 (± )-4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride Colorless plates, mp 148 ∼ 150°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₄ · HCl: Calculated C, 67.03; H, 7.65; N, 3.13 Found C, 66.84; H, 7.78; N, 3.16 Example 21 (± )-2-[4-[(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino)ethoxyacetic acid Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 400 (M⁺ + 1) IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1592 ((COO⁻ ) NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.80 - 2.44 (4H, m), 2.88 - 3.36 (6H, m), 3.64 - 3.96 (3H, m), 3.78 (3H, s), 4.03 (2H, s), 5.40 (1H, s), 6.84 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.22 (2H, d, J=9Hz), 7.12 - 7.40 (5H, m). Example 22 (± )-4-[(4-Ethoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid Colorless crystals, mp 75 ∼ 78 °C (AcOEt-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₄ · H₂O: Calculated C, 68.80; H, 7.78; N, 3.49 Found C, 69.05; H, 7.83; N, 3.52 Example 23 4-(Diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidineacetic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 193 ∼ 194°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 66.38; H, 6.68; N, 3.87 Found C, 66.33; H, 6.71; N, 3.84 Example 24 (± )-4-(Diphenylmethoxy)-α -methyl-1-piperidineacetic acid hydrochloride Colorless amorphous solid, mp 63∼ 65 °C (Me₂CO-Et₂O) Mass spectrum m/z: 339 (M⁺ ) IR spectrum ν (KBr) cm ⁻¹: 1736 (COOH). NMR spectrum δ (DMSO-d₆) ppm: 1.41 (3H, d, J=7Hz), 1.62 - 2.30 (4H, m), 2.82 - 3.96 (5H, m), 3.79 (1H, q, J=7Hz), 5.63 (1H, s), 7.07 - 7.55 (10H, m). Example 25 4-(Diphenylmethoxy)-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 150 ∼ 151°C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₉NO₃ · HCl · H₂O Calculated C, 65.47; H, 7.64; N, 3.32 Found C, 65.50; H, 7.67; N, 3.27 Example 26 2-[4-(Diphenylmethoxy)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 161 ∼ 162°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₇NO₄ · HCl: Calculated C, 65.10; H, 6.95; N, 3.45 Found C, 65.00; H, 6.87; N, 3.38 Example 27 (± )-4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetic acid hydrochloride Pale yellow amorphous solid, mp 125 ∼ 130°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₂ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 60.61; H, 5.85; N, 3.53 Found C, 60.62; H, 6.09; N, 3.36 Example 28 (± )-4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 179 ∼ 181°C (MeOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₄ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 61.47; H, 6.14; N, 3.41 Found C, 61.46; H, 6.17; N, 3.50 Example 29 (± )-4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride Colorless prisms, mp 142.5 ∼ 144°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₈ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 63.01; H, 6.67; N, 3.20 Found C, 63.05; H, 6.57; N, 3.03 Example 30 (± )-2-[4-[(4-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid Pale yellow liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 403, 405 (3:1, M⁺ ). IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1596 (COO⁻ ). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.73 - 2.35 (4H, m), 2.77 - 3.30 (6H, m), 3.55 - 3.89 (3H, m), 3.95 (2H, s), 5.42 (1H, s), 7.07 - 7.47 (9H, m). Example 31 (± )-4 - [(3-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 116 ∼ 120°C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₄ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 61.47; H, 6.14; N, 3.41 Found C, 61.70; H, 6.25; N, 3.42 Example 32 (± )-4-[(3-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 134 ∼ 135°C (Me₂CO-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₆ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 62.27; H, 6.41; N, 3.30 Found C, 62.16; H, 6.36; N, 3.39 Example 33 (± )-4-[(2-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 164 ∼ 166°C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₄ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 61.47; H, 6.14; N, 3.41 Found C, 61.39; H, 6.16; N, 3.42 Example 34 (± )-4-[(2-Chlorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 154.5 ∼ 156°C (H₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₆ClNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 62.27; H, 6.41; N, 3.30 Found C, 62.49; H, 6.35; N, 3.34 Example 35 (± )-4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidineacetic acid Colorless needles, mp 147 ∼ 148°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₀H₂₂FNO₃ · H₂O: Calculated C, 66.47 H, 6.69; N, 3.88 Found C, 66.52; H, 6.58; N, 3.83 Example 36 (± )-4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 170 ∼ 171°C (MeOH-Me₂CO). Analysis for C₂₁H₂₄FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 64.04; H, 6.40; N, 3.56 Found C, 63.80; H, 6.39; N, 3.59 Example 37 (± )-4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 199 ∼ 200°C (MeOH-Me₂CO). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₆FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 64.78; H, 6.67; N, 3.43 Found C, 64.69; H, 6.67; N, 3.45 Example 38 (± )-4-[(4-Fluorophenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 181 ∼ 184°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₈FNO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 65.47; H, 6.93; N, 3.32 Found C, 65.27; H, 6.61; N, 3.22 Example 39 4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidineacetic acid Colorless needles, mp 126.5 ∼ 127.5°C (H₂O) Analysis for C₂₀H₂₁F₂NO₃ · 1/2H₂O: Calculated C, 64.85; H, 5.99; N, 3.78 Found C, 64.65; H, 6.27; N, 3.83 Example 40 4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinepropionic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 166 ∼ 168°C (H₂O) Analysis for C₂₁H₂₃F₂NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 61.24; H, 5.87; N, 3.40 Found C, 61.12; H, 5.89; N, 3.44 Example 41 4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-1-piperidinevaleric acid hydrochloride Pale brown needles, mp 117 ∼ 118°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₃H₂₇F₂NO₃ · HCl · H₂O: Calculated C, 60.32; H, 6.60; N, 3.06 Found C, 60.43; H, 6.83; N, 3.13 Example 42 2-[4-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid Pale brown liquid. Mass spectrum m/z: 405 (M⁺ ) IR spectrum ν (liq) cm ⁻¹: 1604 (COO⁻ ). NMR spectrum δ (CDCl₃) ppm: 1.60 - 2.47 (4H, m), 2.73 - 3.40 (6H, m), 3.53 - 3.93 (3H, m), 3.98 (2H, s), 5.42 (1H, s), 7.00 (4H, t, J=9Hz), 7.27 (4H, dd, J=9, 5.5Hz). Example 43 4-(Diphenylmethylthio)-1-piperidinebutyric acid hydrochloride Colorless needles, mp 196 ∼ 199°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₇NO₂S · HCl · 1/2H₂O: Calculated C, 63.67; H, 7.04; N, 3.38 Found C, 63.80; H, 6.82; N, 3.35 Example 44 2-[4-(Diphenylmethylthio)piperidino]ethoxyacetic acid hydrochloride Colorless pillars, mp 140 ∼ 142°C (EtOH-Et₂O). Analysis for C₂₂H₂₇NO₃S · HCl: Calculated C, 62.62; H, 6.69; N, 3.32 Found C, 62.54; H, 6.63; N, 3.31 Example 45 (+)-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 164.5 ∼ 167°C (H₂O-Me₂CO). specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D + 9.5° (c=0.5, MeOH). Analysis for C₂₅H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.70; H, 8.07; N, 3.36 Example 46 (-)-4-[(4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid hydrochloride Colorless crystals, mp 165.5 ∼ 168°C (H₂O-Me₂CO). specific rotation [ α ] 20 / D - 9.5 ° (c=0.5, MeOH). Analysis for C₂₃H₃₃NO₃ · HCl: Calculated C, 69.51; H, 7.93; N, 3.24 Found C, 69.50; H, 8.01; N, 3.28 Example 47 Tablets of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents: Compound of the present invention 10 mg Lactose q.s. Corn starch 34 mg Magnesium stearate 2 mg Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 8 mg Polyethyleneglycol 6000 0.5 mg Titanium oxide 0.5 mg 120 mg Example 48 Capsules of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents: Compound of the present invention 10 mg Lactose q.s. Calcium carboxymethylcellulose 15 mg Hydroxypropylcellulose 2 mg Magnesium stearate 2 mg 100 mg Example 49 Powder of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents: Compound of the present invention 20 mg Lactose q.s. D-Mannitol 500 mg Hydroxypropylcellulose 5 mg Talc 2 mg 1000 mg Example 50 Injections of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents: Compound of the present invention 1 mg Glucose 50 mg Hydrochloric acid q.s. Distilled water for injection q.s. 2 ml Example 51 Suppositories of a pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention are prepared in the usual manner using the following constituents: Compound of the present invention 5 mg Hard fat 1295 mg 1300 mg Example 52 Plasters of a pharmaceutical preparation according to the present invention Compound of the present invention 10 mg Gelatin 1100 mg Polyvinylalcohol 250 mg Methylcellulose 100 mg Glycerin 1500 mg Kaolin 850 mg Sodium polyacrylate 50 mg Polybutene 150 mg Purified water 990 mg 5000 mg

Claims: A piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or a C₁ - C₄ alkoxy group; R₃ represents a hydrogen atom; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or Y represents an -A-O-B-group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group; and pharmacologically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I). (±)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. (±)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. (±)-4-[(4-ethylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. (+)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. (-)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy]-1-piperidinecaproic acid and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. A process for preparing a piperidine derivative of claim 1 represented by the following general formula (I): wherein R₁ and R₂ are the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or a C₁ - C₄ alkoxy group; R₃ represents a hydrogen atom; X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; and Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group, or Y represents an -A-O-B-group wherein A and B are the same or different and each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be optionally substituted with a C₁ - C₄ alkyl group; wherein said process comprises the steps of reacting a piperidine derivative represented by the following general formula (II): wherein R₁, R₂ and X are the same as those defined above, with a compound represented by Z-Y-COO-R₃ (IIIa) or CH₂=CHCOO-R₃ (IIIb) wherein R₃ and Y are the same as those defined above, and Z represents a halogen atom, and followed by the step of hydrolysis in a solvent by using an acid or a base, if necessary. A process according to claim 7, wherein said step of reacting is carried out in the presence of a solvent. A process according to claim 7, wherein said step of reacting is carried out in the absence of a solvent. A process according to claim 7, wherein said step of reacting is carried out in the presence of a base. A process according to claim 7, wherein said step of reacting is carried out in the absence of a base. An antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising an effective amount of a piperidine derivative of claims 1 to 6. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of an allergic disease comprising an effective amount of a piperidine derivative of claims 1 to 6. Use of (a) the piperidine derivative of claims 1 to 6; (b) a pharmacologically acceptable salt of the compound of claims 1 to 6; (c) an antihistaminic and antiallergic agent comprising the compounds of claims 1 to 6; or (d) a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of claims 1 to 6 for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of allergic disease. Use according to a claim 14, wherein said treatment is performed on a human being.

Inventors: ITOH YASUO, KATO HIDEO, KOSHINAKA EIICHI, NISHINO HIROYUKI, OGAWA NOBUO, SAKAGUCHI JUN, ITOH, YASUO, KATO, HIDEO, KOSHINAKA, EIICHI, NISHINO, HIROYUKI, OGAWA, NOBUO, SAKAGUCHI, JUN
Applicants: HOKURIKU PHARMACEUTICAL, HOKURIKU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C07D211
IPC codes: C07D211