NEW 4'-EPI-4'-AMINO ANTHRACYCLINES

Abstract: Anthracycline glycosides having the general formula 1 and 2: wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxy or amino; R₂ and R₃ represent hydroxy or one of R₂ and R₃ is a hydrogen atom, a nitro or an amino group and the other of R₂ and R₃ is a HYDROXY group, are an­ titumor agents.

Description: The present invention relates to a new class of anthracycline glycosides having antitumour activity, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and the use thereof in treating certain mammalian tumours. The invention also relates to the preparation of certain novel intermediates. The invention provides anthracycline glycosides having the general formulae 1 and 2 : wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxy and amino; R₂ and R₃ both represent hydroxy or one of R₂ and R₃ is hydrogen, nitro or amino and the other of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy; with the proviso that when R₂ and R₃ are both hydroxy, then R₁ is fluorine, hydroxy or amino; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Preferred salts are the hydrochloride salts. 3-Deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-amino anthracyclines are described in the Applicant's previosuly filed EP-A-0328400. Said class of anthracycline glycosides was obtained by condensation of a suitable sugar derivative, wherein the amino group in 4′-position is either in axial or equatorial configuration, with daunomycinone or 4-demethoxydaunomycinone. In the novel synthetized anthracycline glycosides, hereinafter described, the aglycone moiety has a different framework owing to the different substituents either in 4 or in 6 and 11 position. The anthracycline glycosides of the general formulae 1 and 2 include: 4-demethyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1a: R₁=R₂=R₃=OH) 4-demethyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2a: R₁=R₂=R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-4-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1b: R₁=NH₂, R₂=R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-4-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2b: R₁=NH₂, R₂=R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-4-fluoro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1c: R₁=F, R₂=R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-4-fluoro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2c: R₁=F, R₂=R₃=OH) 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1d: R₁=R₃=OH, R₂=H) 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2d: R₁=R₃=OH, R₂=H) 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1e: R₁=H, R₂=OH, R₃=NO₂) 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2e: R₁=H, R₂=OH, R₃=NO₂) 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1f: R₁=H, R₂=NO₂, R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2f: R₁=H, R₂=NO₂, R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1g: R₁=H, R₃=NH₂, R₂=OH) 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2g: R₁=H, R₃=NH₂, R₂=OH) 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin (1h: R₁=H, R₂=NH₂, R₃=OH) 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2h: R₁=H, R₂=NH₂, R₃=OH) The new anthracycline glycoside antibiotics of the invention, i.e. those of formula 1 and 2 , are condensation products of (a) aglycones of general formula 3 or 6 : wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above with proviso that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group and (b) a protected halosugar of the formula 4 : wherein X is a halogen, preferably chlorine. The synthetic methods for the preparation of the above mentioned anthracyclines follows two methods: Method A is depicted in Scheme I and involves the use of the aglycone of formula 3 , and Method B, which is shown in Scheme II and involves the use of the aglycone of formula 6 . The preparation of the C-6 or C-11 amino compounds of formula 2 is illustrated in Scheme III. Method A The present invention provides a process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 or 2 as defined above with proviso that for a glycoside of formula 2 neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i) condensing an aglycone of formula 3: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, with a 1-halo-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside of formula 4: wherein X is halogen; (ii) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group from the compound of formula 5 thus obtained: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined in step (i), so as to obtain a said anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group; (iii) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 1 obtained in step (ii) into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; (iv) if desired, reducing a said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is a nitro group obtained in step (ii) or a said salt thereof obtained in step (iii) so as to obtain a said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group and, if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; (v) if desired, brominating the said glycoside of formula 1 obtained in step (ii) or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof obtained in step (iii) and hydrolysing the 14-bromo derivative thus obtained to form a corresponding anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 as defined above; and (vi) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. This procedure allows the preparation of anthracycline glycosides from the corresponding aglycones 3 and a protected halosugar 4 . The procedure is similar to that described in US-A-4,107,423. The coupling product is hydrolyzed to a daunorubicin derivative 1 and can be converted to the corresponding doxorubicin derivative 2 in accordance with the method described in US-A-3,803,124. The starting materials for the reaction sequences of Scheme I are the well known 4-demethyldaunomycinone (3 a : R₁=R₂=R₃=OH), the aglycone 4-demethoxy-4-amino-daunomycinone (3 b : R₁=NH₂, R₂=R₃=OH) (EP-A-0288268), 4-demethoxy-4-fluorodaunomycinone (3 c : R₁=F, R₂=R₃=OH) [G.W. Morrow and J. Swenton, J. Org. Chem.; 52 , 713, 1987] and 4-demethyl-6-deoxydaunomycinone (3 d : R₁=R₃=OH, R₂=H) [US-A-4,600,537]. The C-11 and C-6 nitro aglycones 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitrodaunomycinone ( 3e : R₁=H, R₂=OH, R₃=NO₂) and 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitrodaunomycinone ( 3f : R₁=H, R₂=NO₂, R₃=OH) both described in US-A-4,749,693. An aglycone of formula 3 is generally reacted at room temperature in step (i) with a compound of formula 4 in the presence of a molecular sieve and silver trifluoromethanesulphonate to form one of the N-trifluoroacetyl glycosides 5a-f . Compounds of formula 1a-f are obtained by removing the amino protecting group by mild alkaline hydrolysis. Preferably in step (ii) the compound of formula 5, dissolved in acetone, is submitted, at a temperature of 0°C and for one hour, to mild alkaline hydrolysis with 0.2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a said glycoside of formula 1. Treatment with methanolic hydrogen chloride yields the hydrochloride. In step (iv), typically reduction is effected by treatment with Pd/C, for example 10% Pd/C. The nitro glycoside of formula 1 or salt thereof may therefore be refluxed in a mixture of methanol and cyclohexene in the presence of 10% Pd/C for ten minutes. The resulting amino glycoside of formula 1 can be isolated as its hydrochloride as above. Preferably the said glycoside of formula 1, dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous methanol and dioxane, is treated in step (v) with a chloroform solution of bromine to afford the corresponding 14-bromo derivative which is hydrolyzed for two days at room temperature with an aqueous solution of sodium formate to give a said glycoside of formula 2 as the free base and in step (vi) the said glycoside of formula 2 is isolated as its hydrochloride. Isolation of the glycoside of formula 2 as the hydrochloride is typically achieved by treating the glycoside with methanolic hydrogen chloride. According to an embodiment of this process 4-demethyldaunomycinone ( 3a ), dissolved in dry methylene chloride, is reacted at room temperature for one hour with 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) in presence of molecular sieves and silver trifluoromethanesulphonate to obtain the N-protected glycoside 5a which, dissolved in acetone, is submitted at a temperature of 0°C and for one hour, to a mild alkaline hydrolysis with 0.2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide to give the compound of formula 1a as a free base which, by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride is isolated as its hydrochloride. If desired, 1a is reacted with bromine in methylene chloride to obtain its 14-bromo derivative from which, after hydrolysis at room temperature and for 48 hours under nitrogen with an aqueous solution of sodium formate, the compound of formula 2a is obtained as free base and, by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride, is isolated as its hydrochloride. Method B The invention provides a process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 as defined above, with the proviso that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i′) condensing a 14-protected aglycone of formula 6: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, with a 1-halo-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside of formula 4 as defined above; (ii′) removing the 14-protecting group from the resulting N-protected glycoside of formula 7: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above, to give the compound of formula 8: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above; (iii′) converting the compound of formula 8 into a 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above; (iv′) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group and the orthoformate protecting group to obtain a said glycoside of formula 2; and (v′) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. This procedure allows the preparation of anthracycline glycosides of general formula 2 by coupling (a) the corresponding 14-hydroxylated and protected aglycones and (b) a protected halosugar 4 . The procedure is similar to that described in US-A-4,107,423. In Scheme II is depicted the route to doxorubicin derivatives 2a-f . The starting materials are the aglycones 3a-f suitably functionalized and protected in the side chain as 14-acetoxy derivatives. Typically in step (i′) the aglycone of formula 6 is reacted at room temperature with a 1-chloro-hexapyranoside of formula 4 in the presence of a molecular sieve and silver trifluoromethansulfonate. Preferably in step (ii′) the compound of formula 7 is treated at 0°C, for four hours and under a nitrogen atmosphere with potassium carbonate. Generally in step (iii′) the compound of formula 8 is treated with triethyl orthoformate, for example in methylene chloride and in the presence of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate for one hour at room temperature. Preferably in step (iv′) the compound of formula 9 is subjected to mild alkaline aqueous hydrolysis to remove the N-trifluoroacetyl group and is treated with acetic acid to remove the orthoformate protecting group to obtain the said glycoside of formula 2 as a free base which, in step (v′), is treated with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride to isolate the glycoside as its hydrochloride salt. More particularly in one embodiment 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitrodaunomycinone ( 3d : R₁=H, R₂=OH, R₃=NO₂) is dissolved in dry dioxane and treated with a solution of bromine in methylene chloride for two hours at room temperature, then precipitated with hexane. The residue, dissolved in acetone, is added with potassium acetate and stirred for one hour to give the acetoxy derivative 6d . This compound is dissolved in dry methylene chloride and reacted with 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) as described above to give the protected 14-acetoxy-N-trifluoroacetyl glycoside 7d . In order to remove the protecting groups, compound 7d is first dissolved in methanol and treated with potassium carbonate for four hours at 0°C under nitrogen to give 8d , then is treated with triethyl orthoformate in methylene chloride and in the presence of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate for one hour at room temperature to give the 9,14-orthoformate derivative 9e . This is subjected to mild alkaline aqueous hydrolysis to remove the N-protecting group and finally treated with acetic acid to remove the orthoformate protecting group and give compound 1e as free base which, by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride, is isolated as its hydrochloride. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 above wherein R₁ is as defined above and one of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy and the other of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i″) reducing the C-6 or C-11 nitro group of a 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9 as defined above wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy and the other of R₂ and R₃ is a nitro group; (ii″) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group and the orthoformate protecting group from the C-6 or C-11 amino group-containing compound thus formed to obtain a said glycoside of formula 2; and (iii″) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Scheme III shows the route to C-6 and C-11 amino anthracyclines of formula 2 starting from the corresponding C-6 and C-11 protected nitro glycosides. The 9,14-orthoformate nitro derivatives 9e or 9f may be converted respectively to amino glycosides 2g or 2h by refluxing the nitro compounds in a mixture of methanol and cyclohexene in the presence of 10% Pd/C for ten minutes, and removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group in a basic medium, for example as described above for Method A or Method B, and the orthoformate protecting group with acetic acid. The compounds 2g and 2h may be converted into their respective hydrochloride salts by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride. As is apparent from the foregoing, the processes of the invention involve the preparation and use of several novel intermediates. These too are within the scope of the present invention, more especially the compounds of formulae 5 and 7 to 9. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 or 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Conventional carriers and diluents may be used. The composition may be formulated and administered in conventional manner. The compounds of the invention are useful in methods of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy. They are useful as antitumor agents. A therapeutically effective amount is administered to a patient. An amount sufficient to inhibit the growth of the tumour may be administered. The tumour may be a Colon adenocarcinoma or Gross leukemia tumor. Biological Assay The biological activity of the compounds according to the invention was tested in vitro against LoVo (human colon adenocarcinoma) and LoVo/DX cells in comparison with doxorubicin and 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (4-dem-DNR). Table 1. Example 1 Preparation of 4-demethyl--3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin hydrochloride (1a ) 0.76 g (2 mmole) of 4-demethyldaunomycinone ( 3a ) was dissolved with 300 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride in the presence of molecular sieves (4 Å). The mixture was cooled at 10°C, bubbled with nitrogen and added dropwise, under stirring, with 0.86 g (3.2 mmole) of 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) dissolved in 40 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride and 0.78 g (3.0 mmole) of silver trifluoromethanesulphonate dissolved in 40 ml of diethyl ether. After twenty minutes the reaction mixture was treated with 30 ml of aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate and filtered off. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over a silica gel column using a mixture of methylene chloride acetone (98: 2 by volume) to give 0.8 g of 4-demethyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoroacetyldaunorubicin ( 5a ). The trifluoroacetyl protecting group was removed by dissolving compound 5a in acetone and treating with aqueous 0.2 N sodium hydroxide at 0°C. After one hour the solution was adjusted to pH 8.1 and extracted repeatedly with methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts, after being dried and concentrated to a small volume were acidified to pH 3.5 with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride. Upon addition of diethyl ether there was obtained 0.64 g (yield 54%) of the title compound 1a as hydrochloride salt. m.p. 168-169°C (with dec.). TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf: 0.73. MS-FD: [M] + 497. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ: 1.21 (d, J=6.2Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.6-1.8 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.1-2.3 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂), 2.27 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃), 2.85 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 2.95 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 4.11 (dq, J=6.2, 9.9Hz, 1H, 5′- H ), 4.98 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.22 (s, 1H, 9- OH ), 7.40 (dd, J=2.0, 7.5Hz, 1H, 3- H ), 7.82 (m, 2H, 1- H , 2- H ), 8.10 (bs, 3H, 4′- NH ₃+), 11.96 (s, 1H, 11- OH ), 12.87 (s, 1H, 6- OH ), 13.40 (s, 1H, 4- OH ) Example 2 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-4-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin hydrochloride (1b ) 0.38 g (1 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-4-aminodaunomycinone ( 3b ) was coupled with 0.37 g (1.5 mmole) of 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) following the procedure described in Example 1 to afford 0.35 g (yield 60%) of the title compound 1b as hydrochloride salt. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf: 0.45 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ (inter alia): 2.27 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃), 2.85 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 4.98 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 6.80 (bd, 2H, 4- NH ₂), 6.93 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H, 3- H ), 7.46 (t, J=8.0Hz, 1H, 2- H ), 7.64 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H, 1- H ), 8.10 (bs, 3H, 4′- NH ₃+), 13.52 (s, 1H, 11- OH ), 14.00 (s, 6- OH ) Example 3 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-4-fluoro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin hydrochloride (1c ) 0.38 g (1 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-4-fluorodaunomycinone ( 3c ) was coupled with 0.37 g (1.5 mmole) of 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) following the procedure described in Example 1 to afford 0.48 g of N-trifluoroacetyl derivative 5c . After removal of the N-protecting group, following standard procedure, was obtained 0.40 g (yield 74%) of the title compound 1c . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf: 0.68, m.p. 158-159°C (with dec.) Example 4 Preparation of 4-demethyl--3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin hydrochloride (2a ) 0.3 g (0.6 mmole) of 4-demethyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-aminodaunorubicin ( 1a ) was dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous methanol and dioxane and added with 1.2 ml of a solution containing 9 g of bromine in 100 ml of methylene chloride, according to the method described in US-A-3,803,124, to afford the 14-bromo derivative, which was dissolved in 20 ml of acetone and treated with 0.4 g of sodium formate dissolved in 2 ml of water. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for two days, then water was added and extracted with methylene chloride. After standard work up, the resulting red solution was concentrated to small volume under vacuum, adjusted to pH 3.5 with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride, then added with an excess of diethyl ether to give 0.2 g, (yield 75%), of the title compound 2a as hydrochloride. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf: 0.60 Example 5 Preparation of 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-14-acetyl-adriamycinone (6d ) To a solution of 0.85 g (2.3 mmole) of 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-daunomycinone ( 3d ), dissolved in 150 ml of anhydrous dioxane, was added 4.6 ml of solution containing 9 g of bromine in 100 ml of methylene chloride. The mixture was left at room temperature for two hours, after that the bromo derivative was precipitated by adding n-hexane and collected. The residue was dissolved with 300 ml of acetone and added under stirring with 2.7 g of potassium acetate. After one hour the reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride and washed with water. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered off and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on a column of silica gel to give 0.75 g (yield 76%) of the title compound 6d . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.13 EI-MS: [M] + 426 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆) δ: 1.88 (dd, J=9.3, 13.1 Hz, 1H, 8ax- H ), 2.06 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃), 2.41 (dd, J=5.7, 13.1 Hz, 1H, 8e- H ), 2.76-3.04 (two d, J=18.6 Hz, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 4.57 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.09-5.23 (two d, J=17.8 Hz, 2H, CO CH ₂OCO), 5.89 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H, 7- OH ), 6.10 (s, 1H, 9- OH ), 7.39 (dd, J=1.5, 7.9Hz, 1H, 3- H ), 7.7-7.9 (m, 2H, 1- H , 2-H), 7.90 (s, 1H, 6- H ), 12.60-12.90 (two bs, 2H, 4- OH , 11- OH ). Example 6 Preparation of 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoacetyl-doxorubicin (8d ) 0.61 g (1.43 mmole) of 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-14-acetyl-adriamycinone ( 6d ) was dissolved with 250 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride and 150 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofurane. The mixture was cooled at 10°C, bubbled with nitrogen and added dropwise, under stirring, with 1 g (4 mmole) of 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) dissolved in 50 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride and 1 g (4 mmole) of silver trifluoromethanesulphonate dissolved in 50 ml of diethyl ether. After twenty minutes the reaction mixture was treated with 20 ml of aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate and filtered off. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed over a silica gel column to give 0.4 g (yield 44%) of 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-14-acetyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoroacetyldoxorubicin ( 7d ). TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system methylene chloride/acetone (9: 1 by volume) RF: 0.45 FD-MS: [M] + 636 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆) δ, (inter alia): 1.06 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.6-2.0 (m, 5H, 8ax- H , 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.05 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃) 3.56 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 3.93 (m, 1H, 5′- H ), 5.14 (m, 2H, CO CH ₂OCO), 5.17 (m, 1H, 1′- H ), 9.37 (bd, J=8.6Hz, 1H, NH COCF₃), 12.45, 12.91 (two s, 2H, 4- OH , 11- OH ). Compound 7d was dissolved with 200 ml of methanol, treated at 0°C with 2 ml of a 10% aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and left to stand for four hours at 0°C under nitrogen. The solution was neutralized with acetic acid, diluted with water and the product extracted with methylene chloride. After silica gel filtration 0.25 g of the title compound 8d was recovered (yield 89%). TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (9: 1 by volume) Rf: 0.26. FD-MS: [M] + 593. Example 7 Preparation of 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin, hydrochloride (2d ) 0.2 g (0.33 mmole) of product 8d , prepared as described in Example 6, was dissolved with 60 ml of dry methylene chloride and added with 15 ml of triethyl orthoformate and 0.1 g of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate. After one hour the solution was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and reduced to small volume under reduced pressure. The solution was poured into n-hexane and the precipitate of 9,14-orthoformate derivative 9d was collected by filtration. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.7 The residue was dissolved with 200 ml of 0.2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide and the solution was left for ten hours at 8°C under nitrogen. Then the solution was adjusted at pH 8.5 with acetic acid and extracted with methylene chloride. After standard work up, the resulting free base was treated with an aqueous solution of acetic acid for two hours at room temperature. The mixure was brought to pH 8.5 with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and extracted with methylene chloride. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on silica gel column to afford 0.12 g (yield 66%) of the title compound as free base which was transformed into the hydrochloride salt 2d by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf: 0.52. m.p. 155°C (dec.) FD-MS: [M] + 438 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆) δ: 1.21 (d, J=6.2Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.7-2.0 (m, 5H, 8ax- H , 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.4-2.5 (m, 1H, 8e- H ), 2.77, 3.08 (two d, J=17.7Hz, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 2.88 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 3.95 (dq, J=6.2, 9.8Hz, 1H, 5′- H ), 4.55 (d, J=5.5Hz, 2H, CH ₂OH), 4.76 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 4.84 (t, J=5.5Hz, 1H, CH₂O H ), 5.20 (m, 1H, 1′- H ), 5.93 (s, 1H, 9- OH ), 7.40 (dd, J=1.6, 7.7Hz, 1H, 3- H ), 7.7-7.9 (m, 2H, 2- H , 1- H ), 7.74 (s, 1H, 6- H ). Example 8 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-14-acetyladriamycinone (6e ) 2.3 g (5.7 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-daunomycinone ( 3e ) was transformed into 1.8 g, (yield 70%), of the title compound 6e following the procedure reported in Example 5. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.2. FD-MS: [M] + 455. ¹HNMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.11 (ddd, J=1.8, 5.0, 15.0Hz, 1H, 8ax- H ), 2.18 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃), 2.56 (ddd, J=2.2, 2.2, 15.0Hz, 1H, 8e- H ), 2.88 (dd, J=2.2, 18.2Hz, 1H, 10e- H ), 3.18 (d, J=18.2Hz, 1H, 10ax- H ), 3.42 (dd, J=1.8, 3.3Hz. 1H, 7- OH ), 4.68 (s, 1H, 9- OH ), 5.04, 5.34 (two d, J=18.2Hz, 2H, CO CH ₂OCO), 5.42 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 7.88 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.29 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ), 13.71 (s, 1H, 6- OH ). Example 9 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-9,14-orthoformate-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoroacetyl-doxorubicin (9e ) 1.76 g (3.8 mmole) of product 6e was condensed with 1.3 g (5.2 mmole) of the chloro-sugar 4 in presence of silver trifluoromethanesulphonate, following the procedure described in Example 1, to give 1.13 g (yield 44%) of 14-acetyl-N-trifluoroacetyl-derivative 7e . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.37. FD-MS: [M] + 665 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.28 (d, J=5.8Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.8-1.9 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.10 (dd, J=3.8, 15.0Hz, 1H, 8ax- H ), 2.18 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃), 2.56 (ddd, J=1.6, 1.6, 15.0Hz, 1H, 8e- H ), 2.94 (dd, J=1.6, 18.3Hz, 1H, 10e- H ), 3.19 (d, J=18.3Hz, 1H, 10ax- H ), 3.7-4.1 (m, 2H, 4′- H , 5′- H ), 4.94, 5.32 (two d, J=17.8Hz, 2H, CO CH ₂OCO), 5.40 (m, 2H, 7- H , 1′-H), 6.55 (bd, J=8.6Hz, 1H, NH C=CF₃), 7.87 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.2-8.4 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ), 13.70 (s, 1H, 6- OH ) Product 7e was dissolved with 1000 ml of methanol and, after cooling at 0°C, a 10% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate was added under stirring and nitrogen atmosphere. After three hours, the mixture was brought to pH 7 with acetic acid, diluted with water and the product was extracted with methylene chloride following standard procedure. The crude material was crystallized from diethyl ether to give 0.9 g (yield 87%) of compound 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoroacetyl-doxorubicin ( 8e ) TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.17. Product 8e was treated with triethylorthoformate in presence of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate as described in Example 7 to give 0.78 g (yield 76%) of the title compound 9e . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.48. Example 10 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin (2e ) Following the procedure described in Example 7, 0.32 g (0.43 mmole) of compound 9e was first hydrolyzed in basic media to remove the N-protecting group then with acetic acid to remove the orthoformate protecting group. Treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride afforded 0.16 g (yield 61%) of the title compound 2e as hydrochloride with TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid (80: 20: 1 by volume) Rf: 0.30. m.p. 159°C (dec.) MS-FD: [M] + 527 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆, 50°C) δ: 1.23 (d, J=6.2Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.7-1.9 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.26 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂), 2.82 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 2.84 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 4.16 (dq, J=6.2, 9.5Hz, 1H, 5′- H ), 4.4-4.7 (m, 3H, CO CH ₂OH, COCH₂O H ), 5.08 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.24 (m, 1H, 1′- H ), 5.53 (s, 1H, 9- OH ), 7.98 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.1-8.3 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ). Example 11 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin hydrochloride ( 2g ) 0.32 g (0.43 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-9,14-ethyl-orthoformate-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoroacetyldoxorubicin ( 9e ), prepared as described in Example 9, was dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and added with 20 ml of cyclohexene and 0.2 g of 10% Pd/C, under stirring. The mixture was refluxed for ten minutes, then cooled at room temperature and the catalyst was filtered off and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue was picked up with aqueous 0.2 N sodium hydroxide and kept for eight hours at 10°C under nitrogen. After that, the solution was brought to pH 5 with acetic acid and left to stand for two hours at room temperature. The mixture was neutralized with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and extracted with methylene chloride to give, after standard work up, the 11-amino derivative as free base. Treatment of which with methanolic hydrogen chloride afforded 0.15 g (yield 55%) of the title compound 2g . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid (80: 20: 1 by volume) Rf: 0.23. m.p. 162-164°C (dec.) FD-MS: [M] + 497 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆, 50°C) δ: 1.23 (d, J=6.2Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.7-1.9 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.21 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂), 2.80 (m, 2H, 4′- H ), 2.88 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 4.18 (dq, J=6.2, 9.5Hz, 1H, 5′- H ), 4.67 (m, 3H, CO CH ₂OH, COCH₂O H ), 5.05 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.28 (m, 1H, 1′- H ), 5.31 (s, 1H, 9- OH ), 7.88 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.27 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ), 8.18, 8.40 (two bm, 4H, 11- NH ₂, 4′- NH ₂). Example 12 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-14-acetyl-adriamycinone (6f ) 2 g (5 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-daunomycinone ( 3f ) was transformed into 1.7 g (yield 75.6%) of 14-acetyl derivative 6f following the procedure described in Example 5. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.32. FD-MS: [M] + 455 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.12 (dd, J=14.9, 4.8Hz, 1H, 8ax- H ), 2.20 (s, 3H, OCO CH ₃), 2.53 (ddd, J=2.0, 2.4, 14.9Hz, 1H, 8e- H ), 3.15 (d, J=19.3Hz, 1H, 10ax- H ), 3.38 (dd, J=2.0, 19.3Hz, 1H, 10e- H ), 3.43 (m, 1H, 7- OH ), 5.00 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.15, 5.31 (two d, J=17.9Hz, 2H, CO CH ₂OCO), 7.89 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.30 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ), 14.46 (s, 1H, 11- OH ) Example 13 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-9,14-orthoformate-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-N-trifluoroacetyl-doxorubicin (9f ) 1.7 g (3.7 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-14-acetyl-adriamycinone ( 6f ) was coupled with 1.6 g (6 mmole) of 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L- erythro -hexopyranoside ( 4 ) in presence of silver trifluoromethanesulphonate as described in Example 1 to give 1 g (yield 41%) of N-trifluoroacetyl derivative 7f . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.50. FD-MS: [M] + 665 0.5 g (0.75 mmole) of compound 7f was treated with triethylorthoformate in presence of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate as described in Example 9 to afford, after chromatographic separation, 0.3 g (yield 60%) of the title compound 9f as mixture of two diastereoisomers with a molar ratio of 80/20. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/acetone (95: 5 by volume) Rf: 0.65. ¹HNMR (220 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.1-1.3 (m, 6H, 5′- CH ₃, OCH₂ CH ₃), 1.6-2.0 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.3-2.7 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂), 3.33 (s, 2H, 10-- CH ₂), 3.6-3.7 (m, 2H, O CH ₂CH₃), 3.75 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 3.90 (dq, J=6.2, 9.5Hz, 1H, 5′- H ), 4.32, 4.45 (two d, J=17.4Hz, CO CH ₂O major isomer), 4.20, 4.35 (two d, J=16.8Hz, CO CH ₂O minor isomer), 4.87 (m, 1H, 1′- H ), 5.01, 5.14 (dd, J=5.3, 5.3Hz, 1H, 7- H major, 7- H minor), 5.70, 5.72 (s, 1H, CH -OCH₂CH₃ major, CH -OCH₂CH₃ minor), 6.04 (bd, J=9.0Hz, 1H, NH COCF₃), 7.85 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.27 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ), 13.52, 13.55 (s, 1H, 11- OH major, 11- OH minor) Example 14 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino doxorubicin hydrochloride (2f ) 0.3 g (0.44 mmole) of compound 9f , prepared as described above, was dissolved in 200 ml of 0.2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide and kept for ten hours at 0°C under nitrogen. The solution was brought at pH 8.5 with acetic acid and extracted with methylene chloride. The aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 8.1 and extracted repeatedly with methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts, after being dried and concentrated to a small volume were acidified to pH 3.5 with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride. Upon addition of diethyl ether there was obtained 0.062 g (yield 25%) of the title compound 2f as hydrochloride salt. TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (30: 4: 1: 0.5 by volume) Rf: 0.30 m.p. 155-157°C (with dec.) MS-FD: [M] + 527 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆) δ: 1.18 (d, J=6.3Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.6-1.9 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂), 2.1-2.5 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂), 2.84 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 3.01 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 4.06 (dq, J=6.3, 9.3Hz, 1H, 5- H ), 4.53 (m, 2H, CH ₂OH), 5.07 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.26 (m, 1H, 1′- H ), 5.50 (m, 1H, CH₂ OH ), 7.88 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.14 (bs, 3H, 4′- NH ₃+), 8.24 (m, 2H, 1- H ), 4-H) Example 15 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin hydrochloride (2h ) 0.15 g (0.22 mmole) of 9,14-orthoformate derivative 9f , prepared as described in Example 13, was dissolved in 150 ml of methanol and 15 ml of cyclohexene and treated with 0.15 g 10% Pd/C as described in Example 11 to give, upon addition with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride, 0.02 g (yield 18.5%) of the 6-amino derivative 2h . TLC on Kieselgel Plate (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (30: 4: 1: 0.5 by volume) Rf: 0.22. MS-FD: [M] + 497 ¹HNMR (200 MHz, DMSO d₆, 50°C) δ: 1.18 (d, J=6.3Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃), 1.6-1.9 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′ CH ₂), 2.1-2.5 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂), 2.84 (m, 1H, 4′- H ), 3.01 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂), 4.06 (bq, J=6.3, 9.3Hz, 1H, 5- H ), 4.53 (m, 2H, CH ₂OH), 5.07 (m, 1H, 7- H ), 5.26 (1H, 1′- H ), 5.50 (m, 1H, CH₂ OH ), 7.88 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ), 8.14 (bs, 3H, 4′- NH ₃+), 8.24 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ) Example 16 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino daunorubicin hydrochloride (1f) 0.78 g (1.76 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitrodaunomycinone (3f) was coupled with 1-chloro-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside (4) following the procedure described in Example 1 to afford 0.26 g (yield 62%) of the title compound 1f as hydrochloride salt. TLC on Kieselgel plates (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf = 0.42. MS-FD [M] + 511 ¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) inter alia δ: 2.34 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃); 3.10 (d, J=18.7 Hz, 1H, 10ax- H ); 3.27 (dd, J=1.8, 18.7Hz, 1H 10eq- H ), 5.11 (dd, J=2.3, 4.3Hz, 1H, 7- H ); 7.8-7.9 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ); 8.10 (bs, 3H, 4′- NH ₃+); 8.2-8.4 (m, 2H, 1- H , 4- H ); 13.55 (s, 1H, 11- OH ). Example 17 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-aminodaunorubicin hydrochloride (1h) 0.3 g (0.5 mmole) of compound 1f was dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and 20 ml of cyclohexene and treated with 0.2 g of 10% Pd/C. After refluxing for ten minutes, the catalyst was filtered off and solvent removed in vacuo. After crystallisation from methanol/ethyl ether, 0.2 g (Yield 76%) of the title compound 1h, as hydrochloride salt, was obtained. TLC on Kieselgel plates (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system; methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf=0.39. MS-FD: [M] + 431 ¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) inter alia δ: 1.18 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃); 1.6-1.9 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂); 2.1-2.5 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂); 2.84 (m, 1H, 4′- H ); 3.01 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂); 4.06 (bq, J=6.3, 9.3Hz, 1H, 5- H ); 5.7 (m, 1H, 7- H ); 5.26 (m, 1H, 1′- H ); 7.8-7.9 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ); 8.10 (bs, 3H, 4′- NH ₃+); 8.2-8.4 (m, 2H, 1- H ,4- H ). Example 18 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin hydrochloride (1e) 0.58 g (1.46 mmole) of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitrodaunomycinone (3e) was coupled with sugar (4) following the procedure described in Example 1 to afford, after usual work up, 0.5 g (yield 61%) of the title compound 1e as hydrochloride salt. TLC on Kieselgel plates (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf = 0.44. MS-FD [M] + 511 ¹H NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-d₆) inter alia δ: 1.18 (d, J=6.3Hz, 3H, 5′- CH ₃); 1.6-1.8 (m, 4H, 2′- CH ₂, 3′- CH ₂); 2.1-2.5 (m, 2H, 8- CH ₂); 2.37 (s, 3H, CO CH ₃); 3.07 (m, 2H, 10- CH ₂); 4.06 (bq, J=6.3, 9.3Hz, 1H, 5′- H ); 5.03 (m, 1H, 7- H ); 5.32 (m, 1H, 1′- H ); 7.8-7.9 (m, 2H, 2- H , 3- H ); 8.10, bs, 3H, 4- NH ₃+); 8.2-8.4 (m, 2H, 1 H , 4 H ), 13.7 (s, 1H, 6- OH ). Example 19 Preparation of 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epiaminodaunorubicin hydrochloride (1g) 0.2 g (0.36 mmole) of compound 1e was transformed into its reduced amino derivative 1g, following the procedure described in Example 17. Yield 80%. TLC on Kieselgel plates (Merck F₂₅₄) solvent system: methylene chloride/methanol/acetic acid/water (80: 20: 7: 3 by volume) Rf = 0.41. MS-FD [M] + 481.

Claims: Claims for the following Contracting States: AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, FR, GB, IT, LI, NL, SE 1. An anthracycline glycoside of general formula 1 or 2: wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxy or amino; R₂ and R₃ both represent hydroxy or one of R₂ and R₃ is hydrogen, nitro or amino and the other of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy; with the provise that when R₂ and R₃ are both hydroxy, the R₁ is fluorine hydroxy or amino; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. 2. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 4-demethyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin or its hydrochloride. 3. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 4-demethoxy-4-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-daunorubicin or its hydrochloride. 4. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 4-demethoxy-4-fluoro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino daunorubicin or its hydrochloride. 5. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 4-demethyl-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin or its hydrochloride. 6. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 4-demethyl-6-deoxy-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin or its hydrochloride. 7. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin or its hydrochloride. 8. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 4-demethoxy-11-deoxy-11-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin or its hydrochloride. 9. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-nitro-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin or its hydrochloride. 10. A compound according to claim 1, which is the anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 4-demethoxy-6-deoxy-6-amino-3′-deamino-4′-deoxy-4′-epi-amino-doxorubicin or its hydrochloride. 11. A process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 or 2 as defined in claim 1 with proviso that for a glycoside of formula 2 neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i) condensing an aglycone of formula 3: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined in claim 1 except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, with a 1-halo-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside of formula 4: wherein X is halogen; (ii) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group from the compound of formula 5 thus obtained: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined in step (i), so as to obtain a said anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group; (iii) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 1 obtained in step (ii) into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; (iv) if desired, reducing a said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is a nitro group obtained in step (ii) or a said salt thereof obtained in step (iii) so as to obtain a said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group and, if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; (v) if desired, brominating the said glycoside of formula 1 obtained in step (ii) or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof obtained in step (iii) and hydrolysing the 14-bromo derivative thus obtained to form a corresponding anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 as defined above; and (vi) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. 12. A process according to claim 11, wherein in step (i) the aglycone of formula 3 is reacted at room temperature with a 1-chloro-hexopyranoside of formula 4 in the presence of a molecular sieve and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate. 13. A process according to claim 11 or 12, wherein in step (ii) the compound of formula 5, dissolved in acetone, is submitted, at a temperature of 0°C and for one hour, to mild alkaline hydrolysis with 0.2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a said glycoside of formula 1. 14. A process according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the said glycoside of formula 1, dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous methanol and dioxane, is treated in step (v) with a chloroform solution of bromine to afford the corresponding 14-bromo derivative which is hydrolyzed for two days at room temperature with an aqueous solution of sodium formate to give a said glycoside of formula 2 as the free base and in step (vi) the said glycoside of formula 2 is isolated as its hydrochloride. 15. A process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 as defined in claim 1, with the proviso that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i′) condensing a 14-protected aglycone of formula 6: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined in claim 1 except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, with a 1-halo-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside of formula 4 as defined in claim 11; (ii′) removing the 14-protecting group from the resulting N-protected glycoside of formula 7: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above, to give the compound of formula 8: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above; (iii′) converting the compound of formula 8 into a 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above; (iv′) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group and the orthoformate protecting group to obtain a said glycoside of formula 2; and (v′) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. 16. A process according to claim 15, wherein in step (i′) the aglycone of formula 6 is reacted at room temperature with a 1-chloro-hexapyranoside of formula 4 in the presence of a molecular sieve and silver trifluoromethansulfonate. 17. A process according to claim 15 or 16, wherein in step (ii′) the compound of formula 7 is treated at 0°C, for four hours and under a nitrogen atmosphere with potassium carbonate. 18. A process according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein in step (iii′) the compound of formula 8 is treated with triethyl orthoformate. 19. A process according to claim 18, wherein the compound of formula 8 is treated with the triethyl orthoformate in methylene chloride and in the presence of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate for one hour at room temperature. 20. A process according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein in step (iv′) the compound of formula 9 is subjected to mild alkaline aqueous hydrolysis to remove the N-trifluoroacetyl group and is treated with acetic acid to remove the orthoformate protecting group to obtain the said glycoside of formula 2 as a free base which, in step (v′), is treated with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride to isolate the glycoside as its hydrochloride salt. 21. A process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 according to claim 1 wherein R₁ is as defined in claim 1 and one of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy and the other of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i″) reducing the C-6 or C-11 nitro group of a 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9 as defined in claim 15 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy and the other of R₂ and R₃ is a nitro group; (ii″) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group and the orthoformate protecting group from the C-6 or C-11 amino group-containing compound thus formed to obtain a said glycoside of formula 2; and (iii″) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. 22. A process according to claim 21, wherein step (i″) is effected by refluxing the 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9 in a mixture of methanol and cyclohexene in the presence of 10% Pd/C for ten minutes. 23. A process according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the N-trifluoroacetyl group is removed in step (ii″) in a basic medium and the orthoformate protecting group is removed with acetic acid to give a said glycoside of formula 2 which is converted in step (iii″) by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride into its hydrochloride. 24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 and 2 as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 25. An anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 and 2, as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy. 26. A compound according to claim 25 for use as an antitumor agent. 27. A compound of formula 5 as defined in claim 11. 28. A compound of formula 7, 8 or 9 as defined in claim 15. Claims for the following Contracting States: ES, GR 1. A process for the preparation of an anthracyline glycoside of formula 1 or 2 wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxy and amino; R₂ and R₃ both represent hydroxy or one of R₂ and R₃ is hydrogen, nitro or amino and the other of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy; with the proviso that when R₂ and R₃ are both hydroxy, then R₁ is fluorine, hydroxy or amino; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid additions salts thereof, which process comprises: (i) condensing an aglycone of formula 3: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, with a 1-halo-2,3,4,6,-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside of formula 4. wherein X is halogen; (ii) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group from the compound of formula 5 thus obtained: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined in step (i), so as to obtain a said anthracycline glycoside of formula 1 except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group; (iii) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 1 obtained in step (ii) into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; (iv) if desired, reducing a said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is a nitro group obtained in step (ii) or a said salt thereof obtained in step (iii) so as to obtain a said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group and, if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 1 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; (v) if desired, brominating the said glycoside of formula 1 obtained in step (ii) or pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof obtained in step (iii) and hydrolysing the 14-bromo derivative thus obtained to form a corresponding anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 as defined above; and (vi) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein in step (i) the aglycone of formula 3 is reacted at room temperature with a 1-chloro-hexopyranoside of formula 4 in the presence of a molecular sieve and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate. 3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (ii) the compound of formula 5, dissolved in acetone, is submitted, at a temperature of 0°C and for one hour, to mild alkaline hydrolysis with 0.2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide to give a said glycoside of formula 1. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the said glycoside of formula 1, dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous methanol and dioxane, is treated in step (v) with a chloroform solution of bromine to afford the corresponding 14-bromo derivative which is hydrolyzed for two days at room temperature with an aqueous solution of sodium formate to give a said glycoside of formula 2 as the free base and in step (vi) the said glycoside of formula 2 is isolated as its hydrochloride. 5. A process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 as defined in claim 1, with the proviso that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i′) condensing a 14-protected aglycone of formula 6: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined in claim 1 except that neither R₂ nor R₃ is an amino group, with a 1-halo-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-4-(N-trifluoroacetamido)-L-erythro-hexopyranoside of formula 4 as defined in claim 11; (ii′) removing the 14-protecting group from the resulting N-protected glycoside of formula 7: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above, to give the compound of formula 8: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above; (iii′) converting the compound of formula 8 into a 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9: wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above: (iv′) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group and the orthoformate protecting group to obtain a said glycoside of formula 2; and (v′) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. 6. A process according to claim 5, wherein in step (i′) the aglycone of formula 6 is reacted at room temperature with a 1-chloro-hexapyranoside of formula 4 in the presence of a molecular sieve and silver trifluoromethansulfonate. 7. A process according to claim 5 or 6, wherein in step (ii′) the compound of formula 7 is treated at 0°C, for four hours and under a nitrogen atmosphere with potassium carbonate. 8. A process according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein in step (iii′) the compound of formula 8 is treated with triethyl orthoformate. 9. A process according to claim 8, wherein the compound of formula 8 is treated with the triethyl orthoformate in methylene chloride and in the presence of pyridinium p-toluensulfonate for one hour at room temperature. 10. A process according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein in step (iv′) the compound of formula 9 is subjected to mild alkaline aqueous hydrolysis to remove the N-trifluoroacetyl group and is treated with acetic acid to remove the orthoformate protecting group to obtain the said glycoside of formula 2 as a free base which, in step (v′), is treated with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride to isolate the glycoside as its hydrochloride salt. 11. A process for the preparation of an anthracycline glycoside of formula 2 according to claim 1 wherein R₁ is as defined in claim 1 and one of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy and the other of R₂ and R₃ is an amino group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises: (i″) reducing the C-6 or C-11 nitro group of a 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9 as defined in claim 5 wherein one of R₂ and R₃ is hydroxy and the other of R₂ and R₃ is a nitro group; (ii″) removing the N-trifluoroacetyl group and the orthoformate protecting group from the C-6 or C-11 amino group-containing compound thus formed to obtain a said glycoside of formula 2; and (iii″) if desired, converting the said glycoside of formula 2 into a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. 12. A process according to claim 11, wherein step (i″) is effected by refluxing the 9,14-orthoformate derivative of formula 9 in a mixture of methanol and cyclohexene in the presence of 10% Pd/C for ten minutes. 13. A process according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the N-trifluoroacetyl group is removed in step (ii″) in a basic medium and the orthoformate protecting group is removed with acetic acid to give a said glycoside of formula 2 which is converted in step (iii″) by treatment with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen chloride into its hydrochloride.

Inventors: ANGELUCCI, FRANCESCO, BARGIOTTI, ALBERTO, FAIARDI, DANIELA, STEFANELLI, STEFANIA, SUARATO, ANTONINO
Applicants: FARMITALIA CARLO ERBA S.R.L.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C07H15
IPC codes: C07D309, A61K31, A61P35, C07H15