Disposable diapers

Abstract: A disposable diaper (1) having a liquid pervious topsheet (2), a liquid impervious and vapor pervious backsheet (3) and an absorbent core (4) interposed between the topsheet and the backsheet includes liquid impervious and vapor pervious barrier sheets (11) between the topsheet and the backsheet, said barrier sheets being extended from the front edge and the rear edge of the diaper to inwards of the front edge and the rear edge of the absorbent core respectively, to thereby form waist barrier parts covering the front edge and the rear edge of the absorbent core, and said barrier sheets being so formed that the strength in the lateral direction of the diaper is higher than the strength in the longitudinal direction of the diaper.

Description: This invention relates to disposable diapers in accordance with the generic clause of claim 1, and more particularly to disposable diapers which are capable of arresting a leakage of urine and other fluids discharged from the body in the waist part and preventing diaper rash in the waist part, and which have improved intensity and enhanced fit to the wearer in the waist portion. Such a diaper is already disclosed in EP-A-59015 that shows a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet, and absorbent core interposed between the top and backsheets, whereby a barrier sheet is interposed between the topsheet and the backsheet and extends from the front edge and the rear edge of the diaper to the inwards of the front edge and the rear edge of the absorbent core respectively. It is well known that conventional paper diapers (disposable diapers) are generally superior to cloth diapers in adsorbability, in water retentivity and in a capacity of waste materials. EP-0197736 discloses disposable diapers having liquid impermeable wasteshields and elastically expandable waistbands that are formed of liquid impermeable material. The wasteshields/waistbands are formed of a material which has a heat unstable state and a heat stable and elastic state. The waistband portion is relatively more heat stable and elasitc than the waistshield portion. Document EP-0243013 shows a disposable diaper having a water-permeable topsheet, a water impermeable backsheet, absorbent body interposed therebetween, side flaps and at least one elastic band extending longitudinally of each of said side flaps, wherein the side flaps comprise again first and second side flaps, wherein at least one of said elastic bands is associated with each of said second side flaps and acts thereon to cause at least an edge portion thereof to be held over at least a central portion of the length thereof in a substantially upstanding position relative to the first side flap from which it extends. Examples of known disposal diapers are moreover disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publications Nos. 58-54002, 59-144601, 60-17101, 62-223303 and 61-275402. Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 58-54002 discloses a disposable diaper which has a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet and a water impermeable plastic sheet interposed between both sheets at the edge of the absorbent core in the waist part to thereby prevent urine and other fluids leaking from the edge of the absorbent core. Japanese Laid-open Publications Nos. 59-144601 and 60-17101 disclose disposable diapers which have an elastically expansible member of heat contractibility around the waist part thereby improving the fit with the waist portion and protecting an undergarment from wetting with a leakage of urine and other fluids. Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 62-223303 discloses a disposable diaper which has an elastically expansible member of polyurethane foam around the waist part to thereby enhance the fit. Especially, this disposable diaper intends to obviate that waste materials wet the undergarment by tucking clothes, especially an undergarment, between the front waist flap part and the infant's body. Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 61-275402 discloses a disposable diaper which adapts the advantages of the above-mentioned two disposable diapers. Between a liquid permeable topsheet and a liquid impermeable backsheet, at least one unitary waistshield and an elastically expansible waistband are interposed thereby preventing the fluids which migrates toward the perimeter of the diaper from wetting the wearer's undergarment. However, the disposable diaper disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 58-54002 has such a problem that a space occurs around the waist portion depending on the wearing condition of an infant, and if the waist portion is so fastened as not to occur a space, the infant receives pressure. Further, even if there is no space, the infant moves so hard that the figure of the infant changes according to the physical activity or movements, and that a diaper gets out of shape and slips out of place. Thus a space occurs around the waist portion, and urine and other fluids are liable to leak due to the lack of the fit to the waist portion of the infant. Recently, as a backsheet, a vapor pervious film tends to be used for preventing stuffiness; the vapor pervious film being obtained by stretching polyolephine resin to which inorganic filler is added. However, the strength in the lateral direction of disposable diapers is low, and the intensity in the lateral direction of nonwoven fabric generally used as a topsheet is low, too. Therefore, a problem occurs when the adhesive tape of the diaper is tightly stretched or the waist size expands according to the activity, a tension works on both of the back and top- sheets to tear sheets longitudinally. In this case, even if a vapor pervious barrier sheet comprising the same material as a backsheet is placed to intend to enhance the intensity, the tension works on the non-connected portion of the topsheet, the barrier sheet and the backsheet, and the barrier sheet located intermediate resists the tension. Therefore, it is the problem that when the lateral strength of the barrier sheet is low, even the barrier sheet tears and a leakage occurs. In each of the disposable diapers disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publications Nos. 59-144601 and 60-17101, an elastically expansible member is so interposed in the lateral direction between the topsheet and the backsheet as to ventilate and prevent getting stuffy. However, it is the problem that urine and other fluids are likely to leak from the ventilation part and a leakage out of the waist portion cannot be prevented. The disposable diaper disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 62-223303 can prevent an undergarment from wetting due to the tucking of the undergarment into the space between the diaper and the body. However, it is the problem that urine and other fluids cannot be efficiently prevented from leaking out of the edge of the absorbent core. It is the problem of the disposable diaper disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Publication No. 61-275402 that the waist gather in the waistband part does not fit so closely to the waist portion as to prevent urine and other fluids from leaking out of the absorbent core. Therefore, urine and other fluids are liable to leak through the waist gather part, and the aimed object cannot be completely achieved. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a disposal diaper which is capable of arresting a leakage of waste materials from the waist portion through the front and rear edge parts of the absorbent core, preventing an undergarment wetting due to the tucking of the undergarment into a space of the waist portion and preventing the stuffiness and diaper rash in the waist portion, and which is so strong in the longitudinal tear as to make affixing means such as a tape fastener function sufficiently. This object is met by the characterizing features of claim 1. According to the disposable diaper of the present invention, a waist barrier sheets can reliably resist to the tension in the lateral direction acting to the backsheet side or the topsheet side of the waist part to thereby obviate the longitudinal tear in use. Further, urine and other fluids do not leak from the waist part during the use, and the stiffness and diaper rash in the waist part can be prevented. Fig. 1 is a partially cut-away plan view showing the development surface of one embodiment of the disposal diaper of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the disposable diaper in Fig. 1 when it is assembled on a wearer, not shown, in the standing position; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line III-III in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line IV-IV in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3, showing the other embodiment of the disposable diaper; Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are partially sectional views corresponding to Fig. 3, each showing the relevant part of the other embodiment; Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are views each showing outline of the folded disposable diaper. The present invention will be described hereunder according to Fig. 1 through Fig. 9. The disposable diaper 1 of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, comprises a liquid pervious topsheet 2, a liquid impervious and vapor pervious backsheet 3, and an absorbent core 4 interposed between the topsheet 2 and the backsheet 3. The topsheet 2 and backsheet 3 extend outwardly from the surroundings of the absorbent core 4 to form side flaps parts 5, 5 in the extended parts of both longitudinal sides of the absorbent core 4 and west flap parts 6, 6 in the extended parts from the both front and rear edges of the absorbent core 4. In the side flap parts 5, 5 between the topsheet 2 and backsheet 3, elastically expansible members 7, 7 are disposed, and in the waist flap parts 6, 6 between the topsheet 2 and backsheet 3, elastically expansible members 8, 8 are disposed. In Fig. 1 the elastically expansible members 7, 7 and 8, 8 are adhered with adhesive in the stretched state. Therefore, when the disposable diaper 1 of the present invention is used, as shown in Fig. 2, the elastically expansible members 7 and 8 shrink to thereby form gathers in the side flap parts 5, 5 and in the waist flap parts 6, 6. In the both lateral sides of the west flap part 6 on the rear side (back side), attaching members 9, 9 comprising a tape fastener, e. g. an adhesive tape or the like, are disposed in the manner as mentioned below. In the backsheet 3 of the waist flap part 6 on the front side (stomach side), a target sheet 10, to which the attaching members 9, 9 affix, comprising a tape the surface of which is smooth, e. g. a landing tape or the like is disposed along with the elastically expansible member 8. The target sheet 10 is located nearer to the absorbent core than to the elastically expansible member 8. The attaching members 9, 9 and the target sheet 10 are affixed in the waist part when the disposable diaper 1 is worn (see Fig. 2). Accordingly, in the disposable diaper 1 of the present invention, a liquid impervious and vapor pervious barrier sheet 11 interposed between the topsheet 2 and backsheet 3 is stretched from the each of the front and rear edge parts of the waist flap parts 6, 6 through each of the insides of the front and rear edge parts of the absorbent core 4 and covers each of the front and rear edge parts of the absorbent core 4 as shown in Fig. 3, so that the waist barrier part which prevents waste materials such as urine absorbed in the absorbent core 4 from leaking out of the front and rear fringe of the absorbent core 4 to the waist flap parts is formed. The barrier sheet 11 is formed to be a rectangular sheet. The longitudinal length of the sheet has the length from waist flap part 6 through the inside of the rear edge part of the absorbent core 4 as mentioned above, and the lateral length of the sheet is generally equal to the width of the waist flap part 6 (see Fig. 1 to Fig. 4). The barrier sheet 11 is so disposed as to overlap with the absorbent body 4 in the surface side thereof as well as with the backsheet 3 of the waist flap part 6. Further, in the waist flap part 6 of the barrier sheet 11 the elastically expansible member 8 is placed apart from the rear edge part of the absorbent core to thereby form a space between the absorbent core 4 and the elastic flexible material 8. The width of the space is preferably at least 5 mm or more, so as to make a waist gather, more preferably 10 to 20 mm. If the width is less than 5 mm, it is not preferable because the wrinkle of the waist gather formed by the elastically expansible member 8 reaches the affixed portion of the attaching members 9, 9. Further, the attaching members 9, 9 are located in the both ends of the space, and the target sheet 10 is located apart from the waist gather part. The attaching members 9, 9 and the target sheet 10 are so independent from the waist gather part that the wrinkle does not reach thereto and the attaching members 9, 9 are capable of affixing to the target sheet 10 the surface of which is smooth. In addition, the attaching members 9, 9 can reliably fasten the wearer's waist in the waist gather part (see Fig. 2). Accordingly, the barrier sheet 11 used in the disposable diaper 1 of the embodiment of the present invention, as mentioned above, comprises a liquid impervious and vapor pervious sheet, so that the sheet can prevent liquid leaking, as well as stuffiness and diaper rash, because vapor is pervious. Conventional sheets can be used as the above-mentioned sheet. An example includes a moisture permeable film obtained by stretching polyolephine resin to which inorganic filler is added. Although the moisture permeable film is used as a backsheet of the disposable diaper 1, the strength to the stretched direction is high, whereas the lateral strength is low, so that the film is easy to tear. Therefore, the object of the present invention cannot be achieved by using such a film as a barrier sheet. However, in this case, according to using laterally stretched sheet, that is, turning an angle of 90 degrees in the producing process of diapers and inserting, the lateral strength of the diapers can be improved. Further, vapor pervious film produced by the biaxial stretching method can be used, too. According to this method, without introducing the above-mentioned special process for producing diapers, the barrier sheet with high lateral strength can be obtained. Further, no limitation to the elastically expansible members 7 and 8 is applied if materials are elastic members having expansibility and contractibility. Examples are include thready elastic body comprising polyurethane elastic fiber and natural rubber, filmy elastic body or polyurethane film. It is preferably to use the filmy elastic body or the thready elastic body as the elastically expansible member 7. It is preferably to dispose single or plural filmy elastic bodies having a width of 5 to 20 mm, or plural thready elastic bodies having a width of 5 to 25 mm. It is preferable to use polyurethane foam as the elastically expansible member 8. It is preferably 1 to 3 mm in thickness and at least 5 mm in width, more preferably 10 to 20 mm of width. When polyurethane foam is used, it is preferable that the density of foam is so adjusted as to be 20 to 70 kg/m³ and that the foam is preferably open cell. Further, the conventional sheets can be used as the liquid pervious topsheet 2 and the liquid impervious and vapor pervious backsheet used in the disposable diaper 1 of the embodiment of the present invention. The disposable diaper 1 of the present embodiment has above-mentioned constitution, so that urine or other fluids in the waist flap parts 6, 6 can be prevented by the barrier sheets 11, 11, and stuffiness and diaper rash can be efficiently prevented. In addition, the fastening position of the attaching member 9, 9 and the waist gather part work independently, so that the waist gather parts 6, 6 fit the waist portion closely and do not twist, or a space to which an undergarment is tucked does not occur between the waist gather parts 6, 6 and the wearer's waist portion. Therefore, there is no fear of wetting the undergarment. The wrinkle of the waist gather part does not reach the target sheet 10 so that the attaching members 9, 9 always affix to the target sheet 10, without a fear of slipping out. Therefore, the disposable diaper 1 can be reliably adapted to an infant who is always in hard activity. Further, there is no fear of tear of the waist flap parts 6, 6, even if the high tension acts thereto in use. Fig. 5 shows the other embodiment of the disposal diaper of the present invention. The disposable diaper of this embodiment has the same aforementioned constitution except that two pieces of elastically expansible member 8 are placed in each waist flap parts 6, 6, so that the same function and associated advantages and effects are to be expected. Further, the disposable diaper of the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 has basically the same constitution as the disposable diaper of the aforementioned embodiment, except that the waist gather is made of two thready elastic body. Furthermore, the disposable diaper of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 has basically the same constitution as the disposable diaper of the aforementioned embodiment, except that the waist gather part 6 is made of filmy elastic body. The diapers of the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 to 4, 6 and 7 can prevent the waist gather part from bending when packed up for forwarding. That is, it is a conventional packing manner that a diaper firstly folds in three in the lateral direction and then folds in three in the longitudinal direction to make a rectangular shape and to be packed in each bag. The outline of the diaper folded in rectangular shape is shown in Fig. 8, wherein the line shows the diaper folded in a narrow-width shape. When the diaper is folded in the shape shown in Fig. 8, it is a conventional manner that the target sheet 10 side comes inside in order to keep the sheet from getting dirty. The problem of this case is that the waist flap part 6 folds outwardly and the folded line is fixed as shown in Fig. 9, so that the waist gather does not function efficiently. However, in the disposable diaper 1, the waist gather part is separated from the absorbent core 4, so that it is freely folded in the region between both parts, and the waist gather itself does not bend or twist, even if the waist flap 6 bend outwardly. Therefore, in view of the above, too, in the disposable diaper 1, the waist gather closely fits the waist portion of the wearer. No limitation to disposable diapers is intended and any disposable diaper within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims can be included in the present invention.

Claims: A disposable diaper having a liquid pervious topsheet (2) a liquid imperviuos and vapor pervious backsheet (3) and an absorbent core (4) interposed between the topsheet (2) and the backsheet (3), said disposable diaper comprising a liquid impervious and vapor pervious barrier sheets (11) being interposed between the topsheet (2) and the backsheet (3), said barrier sheets (11) being extended from the front edge and the rear edge of the diaper to the inwards of the front edge and the rear edge of the absorbent core respectively, to thereby form waist barrier parts covering the front edge and the rear edge of the absorbent core (4), characterized in that said barrier sheets (11) being so formed that the strength in the lateral direction of the diaper is higher than the strength in the longitudinal direction of the diaper. A disposable diaper according to claim 1, wherein the strength in the lateral direction of the barrier sheet of the diaper is higher than the strength in the lateral direction of the backsheet (3) of the diaper. A disposable diaper according to claims 1 or 2, wherein said barrier sheet (11) is stretched in the lateral direction. A disposable diaper according to claim 1, wherein an elastically expansible member (8) is interposed in the laterial direction between said barrier sheet (11) and topsheet (2) to thereby form a waist part which is capable of expansion and contraction. A disposable diaper according to claim 4, wherein said elastically expansible member (8) is disposed apart from the front and rear edge parts of said absorbent core. A disposable diaper according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said elastically expansible member (8) is polyurethane foam.

Inventors: ABE KEIJI, SENOO MASAMICHI, TOYODA HARUMITSU, ABE, KEIJI, SENOO, MASAMICHI, TOYODA, HARUMITSU
Applicants: KAO CORP, KAO CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: A61F13
IPC codes: A61F13