Method of and apparatus for forming a multi-colour image

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for forming a multi-colour image, in which coloured toner powder is used to form colour separation images in the secondary colours magenta, cyan and yellow and also in one of the primary colours red, green or blue. Out of the separation images formed in the secondary colours, there are formed with transparent toner powder at least so many that the two primary colours not formed as separate separation image are represented therein. Preferably, blue is used as he primary colour and the yellow separation image is formed with transparent toner powder. Thus the method affords the possibility of forming multi-colour images by means of combinations of transparent and non-transparent toner powders. Preferably, the method is performed by combining on an intermediate support those separation images formed with toner powder not requiring to be transparent and then transferring them to an image receiving material and subsequently transferring to the image receiving material those separation images which are required to be formed with transparent toner powder.

Description: The invention relates to a method of forming a multi-colour image, in which colour separation images are formed, by the use of coloured toner powder, in at least the secondary colours magenta (red/blue), cyan (green/blue) and yellow (red/green) and the colour separation images are combined to form a multi-colour image. In electrostatography and electrophotography, just as in other printing techniques such as planographic and intaglio printing, multi-colour images are obtained by forming colour separation images by means of transparent coloured material in the colours magenta, cyan and yellow and transferring these colour separation images, possibly together with a separation image in black, to an image receiving material in register. The separation images are formed by generating charge patterns successively in accordance with each separation image on a dielectric or photoconductive element, and developing the respective charge patterns with the associated coloured transparent toner powder (magenta, cyan and yellow). To develop the successive charge patterns, three different two-component developer powders are used, each comprising carrier particles and transparent coloured toner particles in the colours magenta, cyan and yellow respectively. The composition of these developer powders is so selected that the toner particles are charged tribo-electrically against the carrier particles in a charge polarity which is the opposite to that of the charge pattern to be developed. A method of this kind together with apparatus for performing the method are disclosed inter alia in US patent 2 986 466 and UK patent 1 074 147. The developer powders used in this method have to satisfy a large number of requirements. For example, they must all have substantially the same development characteristic, which means that their tribo-electric behaviour must be substantially the same under all conditions which may occur in the multi-colour printer. The dyes in the toner powders must dissolve completely in the resin used in the toner powder, or be very finely distributed therein to give transparent toner powder. They must also have a sufficiently high stability and suitable absorption characteristic for use for multi-colour reproduction. Since the various dyes often influence the tribo-electric properties of the toner powder in different ways, it is no simple task to make up different toner powders for combined use in a multi-colour reproduction system of the type referred to hereinbefore. A frequent disadvantage in known combinations of coloured transparent toner powders is accordingly that one or more mixed colours, e.g. one of the primary colours red, green and blue, produced by subtractive mixing of the toner powders on the image receiving support, do not have the actually required colour tint. In addition to transparent coloured toner powders, non-transparant coloured toner powders are also known, e.g. coloured magnetically attractable toner powders as described in European patent application 075 346. These toner powders can also be used as one-component developer powders, i.e. without being mixed with carrier particles, in electro(photo)graphic printing processes and are also suitable for use in magnetographic priting processes in which latent magnetic images are developed. Multi-colour printing can also be carried out in principle with non-transparent coloured toner powders but in order to achieve a complete colour palette it would be necessary to use seven colour separation images in red, green, blue, magenta, cyan, yellow and black respectively. It is however a complex and expensive operation to construct a printer in which seven different colour separation images are generated for transfer in register to an image receiving support. The invention now provides a method of printing multi-colour images which allows a wider choice of coloured toner powders and also affords the possibility of extensive use of coloured non-transparent toner powders without it being necessary to generate seven colour separation images. According to the invention, a method of the type described in the preamble is provided and characterised in that a colour separation image is also formed in one of the primary colours (red, green, or blue), and in that out of the separation images which are formed in the secondary colours there are formed by means of transparent toner powder at least so many that the other two primary colours are present therein. In the method according to the invention only one of the separation images has to be formed by means of transparent coloured toner powder. The other separation images can be produced with transparent or non-transparent coloured toner powder, so that there is a wider choice of options for making up a suitable colour combination. Since non-transparent toner powders can also be used, the invention affords the possibility of using magnetically attractable toner powders which can be used as one-component developer powders and be processed in developing devices which can be of much simpler construction than the developer devices for use with two-component developer powders. Since magnetically attractable toner powders can be used, it is also possible to use magnetographic image forming methods or image forming methods as described in European patent application 0 191 521 for the image registration of at least a number of the separation images, so that image registration media of a much longer life than the photoconductive image registration media can be used. Although the method according to the invention can make extensive use of non-transparent coloured toner powders, it is not necessary to form seven colour separation images, but only four or five, in order to obtain a multi-colour image. These colour separation images are: one primary colour (red, green or blue) and the secondary colours magenta, cyan and yellow. A separation image in black can be added as a fifth separation image. The following table shows which of the secondary colours should be transparent when a specific primary colour is used. All the other colours, including the primary colour used, may be optionally transparent or opaque: Primary colour transparent colours Blue yellow or magenta and cyan Red cyan or magenta and yellow Green magenta or cyan and yellow In forming a multi-colour image containing mixed colours in the method according to the invention, the various colour separation images are of course so applied to the image receiving material that the separation images required to be formed with transparent powder are finally applied over the other separation images. Preferably, the method is performed by first combining in register on the image receiving material those separation images of the primary colour and of the secondary colours which are not or need not be transparent, or combining them in register on an intermediate support and then transferring them together to the image receiving material and finally applying over the separation images combined on the receiving material that separation image (or separation images) requiring to be formed with transparent toner powder. In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the primary colour used is blue and the transparent secondary colour yellow. Consequently, a register error which may occur on separate transfer of the transparent yellow separation image to the image receiving material already provided with the other separation images is less disturbing, because the sensitivity to a register error is minimum in the case of yellow. The invention also relates to a prefered apparatus for performing the method according to the invention. Such apparatus comprises an intermediate support for combining colour separation images, one or more image forming stations for forming with coloured toner powder on the intermediate support colour separation images in at most two of the secondary colours (magenta, cyan and yellow) and one of the primary colours (red, green and blue) first image transfer means for transferring the colour separation images to an image receiving material fed thereto, and is characterised in that second image transfer means are disposed in the conveyor path for the image receiving material and after the first image transfer means, said second image transfer means acting on the same side of the image receiving material as the first image transfer means and transfering to the image receiving material the remaining secondary colour separation images, said images being formed with transparent toner powder, such that the primary colours not present in the primary colour separation image transferred by the first transfer means are contained therein. The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the following description and accompanying drawing which diagrammatically illustrates the printing apparatus for performing the method according to the invention. The printing apparatus illustrated comprises a cylindrical intermediate support 1 which can be driven by drive means (not shown) in the direction of arrow 3. The intermediate support 1 has a metal sleeve, e.g. of aluminium, and an outer silicone rubber covering 2 thereon. The outer covering consists of a substrate of a thickness of about 2 mm formed from silicone rubber RTV 200/201 made by Messrs Possehl of West Germany, and over that an approximately 200µ thick top layer of silicone rubber in accordance with example 8 of UK patent 1 279 687 and having a hardness of about 40°Shore A. Image forming stations 4,5,6 and 7 are disposed along the peripheral path of the intermediate support 1. Each of these image forming stations comprises a cylindrical image registration element 8 on which a separation image is formed. The image registration elements 8 have the same diameter and are all in pressure contact with the intermediate support 1, the force with which the image registration elements 8 are pressed against the intermediate support 1 being at maximum 1000 N per linear metre. In this case the force is 250 N. Each image registration element 8 consists of a cylinder having a photo-conductive surface layer, the various image forming units being distributed over the periphery of said cylinder. These image forming units each comprise a corona device 11 for uniformly charging the photoconductive layer, an LED array 12 used for image-wise exposure, a magnetic brush device 13 for developing the resulting latent charge image to form a powder image, and a cleaning device 14 for removing residual toner after transfer of the separation image to the intermediate support 1. The LED array 12, which is for example of the type described in US patent 4 524 372, is connected to an electronic circuit 15 for actuating each LED in the array in accordance with an information pattern to be printed. The electronic circuit 15 of each image forming station is in turn connected to a central control unit 16 which feeds the information concerning the separation image to be printed to each electronic circuit 15 line by line. Magnetic brush device 13 comprises a magnetic roller 17 disposed a short distance from the periphery of the image registration element 8 and consisting of a rotable sleeve having a magnetic system stationary disposed therein. A reservoir 18 is provided at the sleeve of each magnetic roller 17 and is filled with electrically conductive magnetically attractable toner powder. Each reservoir 18 contains a toner powder in a specific colour. In the case illustrated here, the toner colours are successively blue, magenta, cyan and black, and the coloured toner powders may or may not be transparent. At each reservoir 18 there is a wiper 19 which ensures that an even layer of toner powder is applied to the sleeve of the magnetic roller 17. Also disposed along the peripheral path of the intermediate support 1 are feed means for a sheet of image receiving material, such means consisting of cooperating conveyor rollers 21 and a guide 22, a pressure roller 23, discharge means for the sheet of image receiving material consisting of a guide 24 and conveyor rollers 25, and a cleaning device 30. Each image registration element 8 is driven by a gearwheel 26 mounted on the rotational shaft of the image registration element 8 and engaging in a gearwheel 27 secured on the drive shaft of the intermediate support 1. (In the drawing, the gearwheels 26 and 27 are shown as broken-line circles indicating the pitch circles of the gearwheels). A pulse transmitter 28 is connected to the intermediate support 1 and delivers pulses in relation to the angle of rotation of the intermediate support 1. The angle of rotation between successive pulses is equivalent to a movement of the surface of the intermediate support 1 over the width of one image line. The writing of the successive image lines on the image registration elements 8 by the LED arrays 12 can thus be controlled by the control unit 16 by reference to the pulses delivered by the pulse transmitter 28 and fed to the control unit 16 via the connection 29. When the printer is in operation, the intermediate support 1, the image registration elements 8 and magnetic rollers 17 are driven in the direction indicated by arrows 3, 31 and 32. In these conditions, the photoconductive layer of an image registration element 8, after having been given a uniform electrostatic charge by the corona device 11, is exposed image-wise by the LED array 12, whereupon the latent charge image is developed by the magnetic brush device 13 to give a separation image of coloured toner powder. By selective actuation of the LED's in the array in accordance with an image pattern, an image dot pattern of coloured toner powder is formed on the image registration element 8. The information concerning the image lines of the various separation images to be written is transmitted serially line by line by the control unit 16 to a shift register of the electronic circuits 15. On the subsequent receipt of the next pulse from the pulse transmitter 28, the information stored in the shift register of the first image forming station 4 is transferred to an output register and specific LED's are actuated via drivers in accordance with the image line to be written. The shift register is in the meantime filled with the information of the next image line. On receipt of the next pulse from the pulse transmitter 28, this image line is written. On receipt of a specific pulse from pulse transmitter 28 the image forming means of the second image forming station 5 are also activated and a number of pulses later those of the next image forming station 6 and finally those of the image forming station 7. The number of pulses after which the image forming means of the second and next image forming stations are actuated is predetermined from the distance between the image forming stations as considered along the periphery of the intermediate support 1. The correct number of pulses is specified in a control program stored in a memory of the control unit 16. The separation images formed on the image registration elements 8 are transferred to the intermediate support 1 in the various pressure contact zones. The powder image present on the intermediate support 1 is then heated in manner known per se to soften the powder image. The softened powder image is then transferred to an image receiving material (e.g. sheet of paper) in the pressure zone between the intermediate support 1 and the pressure roller 23, such material being fed at the correct time by the feed means 21,22. The printed image receiving material is discharged by the guide 24. The intermediate support 1 then runs past the cleaning device 30. The image receiving material provided with an image is conveyed on via the guide 37. As soon as the leading edge of the receiving material is detected by detector 33, the drive for the conveyor rollers 25 is interrupted, so that the receiving material is stopped with its leading edge against a retaining means 34. The receiving material is now situated in front of the entry to a subsequent image transfer zone formed by the pressure zone between an intermediate support 36 and a pressure roller 39. The intermediate support 36 is provided with a covering 38 corresponding to the covering 2 of the intermediate support 1. This intermediate support 36 can also be heated by heating means (not shown) in order to soften a separation image disposed thereon. The transparent separation image, in this case in the secondary colour yellow; is formed on the intermediate support 36 by image forming station 35, which is constructed in the same way as the above-described image forming stations 4,5,6 and 7. The reservoir 18 of this image forming station is in this case filled with a developer consisting of a mixture of transparent yellow toner powder and magnetically attractable carrier particles against which the toner powder is tribo-electrically charged with a polarity which is the opposite to that of the charge image formed on the photoconductive element 8. The image formation by the image forming station 35 is controlled by the control unit 16 in the same way as described herinbefore with reference to the image formation in the image forming stations 4,5,6 and 7, but now controlled by pulses of pulse transmitter 41 which delivers pulses in relation to the angle of rotation of the intermediate support 36. The conveyance of the receiving material is again started at the correct time by the control unit 16 also in relation to the angle of rotation of the intermediate support 36, by withdrawing the retaining means 34 from the guide 37 and activating the drive for the conveyor rollers 25. The separation image is transferred from the intermediate support in register in the pressure zone between the intermediate support 36 and the pressure roller 39, to the images already present on the receiving material, so that a complete multi-colour image is formed. After the image transfer, the intermediate support 36 runs past a cleaning device 40 while the receiving material is discharged to a collecting tray or possibly to a reversing device where it is reversed and re-introduced via the guide 22 to provide the reverse side with an image as well. It will be apparent that when the method according to the invention is performed with a combination of coloured toner powders such that two of said toner powders are required to be transparent e.g. the combination of opaque blue and yellow with transparent cyan and magenta, the printing apparatus is so constructed that the separation images in blue, yellow and black are formed on the intermediate support 1 and the transparent separation images in cyan and magenta are generated on the intermediate support 36. In that case, three image forming stations are disposed around the intermediate support 1 and two image forming stations around the intermediate support 36. The information concerning the multi-colour image to be printed is received by the control unit 16 from an external source e.g. a scanner for scanning multi-colour images. The received information can already be in a form which can be used directly by the control unit 16 to control the various image forming stations (4,5,6,7 and 35), but may alternatively be received in other forms. In the latter case, the control unit 16 is also equipped with image processing means to convert the received image information into specific separation image information for controlling the various image forming stations. Variants are possible for the above-described embodiment for performing the method according to the invention. For example, the apparatus may be provided with just one intermediate support instead of two. As considered in the peripheral direction, the following are then disposed successively along the peripheral path of said one intermediate support: two, three or four image forming stations depending upon whether a toner powder combination is used which is required to contain one or two transparent powders and whether a separation image in black is added, then an image transfer station, a cleaning device, again one or two image forming stations, a transfer station, and finally again a cleaning station. The conveyor means for the image receiving material are again so constructed that the image receiving material after passing through the first image transfer station is fed to the second image transfer station where it is brought into contact with the intermediate support by that side which was also in contact with the intermediate support in the first image transfer station. Multi-colour printers known per se can also be used to perform the method according to the invention. For example, use can be made of an apparatus comprising a number of (four or five) successive image forming stations, in which the image receiving material passes successively through the various image forming stations, and receives one separation image in each case. It is also possible to use an apparatus which comprises one image registration element, one image forming device and a number of (four or five) developer devices and in which the various colour separation images are formed in consecutive rotational cycles of the image registration element and each separation image formed is transferred separately and in register to the image receiving material or each separation image is first transferred in register to an intermediate support and the multi-colour image is then transferred in one transfer step to the image receiving material. If the multi-colour image is first formed on an intermediate support and is then transferred from there in one step to the image receiving material, the separation images (or separation image) to be printed with transparent toner powder should first be formed, followed by the other separation images. The purpose of this is to ensure that the transparent separation images are situated over the other separation images on the final image receiving material. The above-illustrated embodiment of the image forming stations can also be replaced by one or more other image forming devices known from the prior art, e.g. based on a magnetographic, electrographic or electrophotographic process, in which a latent magnetic or electrostatic image dot pattern is formed on an image registration medium and said image is developed with coloured toner powder, or in which (coloured) and possibly conductive toner powder is drawn, by selective actuation of image forming electrodes, in accordance with an image dot pattern, towards a dielectric from a toner supply means which is in contact with or at a short distance from the dielectric.

Claims: A method of forming a multi-colour image, in which colour separation images are formed, by the use of coloured toner powder, in at least the secondary colours magenta i.e. red + blue, cyan i.e. green + blue, and yellow i.e. red + green and the colour separation images are combined to form a multi-colour image, characterised in that a colour separation image is also formed in one of the primary colours i.e. red, green, or blue, and in that out of the separation images which are formed in the secondary colours there are formed by means of transparent toner powder at least so many that the other two primary colours are present therein. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the separation image in the secondary colour complementary to the primary colour used is formed with transparent toner powder. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the primary colour is blue. a method according to claim 3, characterised in that the yellow separation image is formed with transparent toner powder. An apparatus arranged to perform the method of claim 1, comprising an intermediate support (1) for combining colour separation images, one or more image forming stations (4, 5, 6, 7) for forming with coloured toner powder on the intermediate support (1) colour separation images in at most two of the secondary colours i.e. magenta, cyan and yellow and one of the primary colours i.e. red, green and blue, first transfer means (23) for transferring the combined colour separation images to an image receiving material fed thereto, characterised in that second image transfer means (39) are disposed in the conveyor path (24) for the image receiving material and after the first image transfer means (23), said second image transfer means (39) acting on the same side of the image receiving material as the first image transfer means (23) and transferring to the image receiving material the remaining secondary colour separation images, said images being formed with transparent toner powder such that the primary colours not present in the primary colour separation image transferred by the first transfer means (23) are contained therein.

Inventors: SCHONENBERG JACOBUS HENDRIKUS, SCHONENBERG, JACOBUS HENDRIKUS MARIA
Applicants: OCE NEDERLAND BV, OCE-NEDERLAND B.V.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G03G13
IPC codes: G03G15, G03G13