Position detector

Abstract: A position detector includes a light emitting component (5a,5a') for irradiating the surface (4a) of an object (4) whose position is to be measured. Two light receiving components (5b,5b') receive light reflected by the surface, a distance from one of the light receiving components to the measured surface as viewed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface being different from a distance from the other of the light receiving components to the surface. A calculating circuit (6) calculates a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the light receiving components and the surface, with the correction quantity being calculated on the basis of a difference between the output signals of the light receiving components. A moving component (12) corrects the distances between the measured surface and the light receiving components in accordance with the correction quantity. A first embodiment has two light receiving components (5b,5b') spaced at different distances from the surface. A second embodiment (Figs 8 and 9) has two light receiving components (5b,5b') disposed between two light emitting components (5a,5a') or two light emitting components disposed between two light receiving components. A third embodiment (Figs. 12 and 13) has two light receiving components (9b,9c) spaced the same distance from the surface, but at different distances from light emitting components (9a).

Description: The present invention relates to a device for maintaining a fixed distance between two objects, for example, a distance between a magnetic head and a disk. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for maintaining a fixed inclination between the two objects as well as the distance therebetween. One device for maintaining a fixed distance between a measuring device and an object to be measured, is as shown in Fig. 1. In the figure, reference character "a" designates a laser light source, such as an He - Ne laser; "b", a paired light receiving means; and "c", the surface of an object under measurement. Light emitted from the light source "a" is incident on the surface "c" to be measured and reflected by the surface. The reflected light hits paired elements b₁ and b₂ of the light receiving means "b". When the surface "c" is positioned as indicated by a solid line in the figure, an output signal of the element b₁ is large. When it is positioned as indicated by a two-dotted chain line in the figure, an output signal of the element b₂ is large. A vertical distance between the light receiving means "b" and the surface "c" can be known from the output signals of the paired elements b₁ and b₂. In the prior art, the light source "a" must be slanted with respect to the surface "c" of the object under measurement, in order that the reflected light is directed to the light receiving means "b". To increase a measurement accuracy, an angle ϑ of the light emitted from the light source should be preferably increased. To this end, a distance between the light source "a" and the light receiving means "b" must be increased. The light receiving means "b" consists of two elements b₁ and b₂, and hence tends to be bulky. Due to the above two factors, the position detector necessarily becomes bulky. The inclination of the surface "c" frequently causes a great measurement error. A known device to correct the inclination of the surface to be measured is as shown in Fig. 2. Light receiving elements b₃ and b₄ have the same size, and are disposed equidistant from a light source "a". To correct the inclination of the surface "c", the surface is moved so as to zero a difference between the output signals of the elements b₃ and b₄. However, this device is unable to measure the distance between the light receiving elements and the surface to be measured. Thus, neither of the conventional devices is able simultaneously to correct the distance between the light receiving elements and the surface to be measured, and the inclination of the surface. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a position detector which is small in size and which is little influenced by an inclination of an object under measurement. Another object of the present invention is to provide a position detector which is small in size, and is able to maintain a fixed distance between a light receiving means and the surface of an object under measurement, and also to correct an inclination of the surface. US-A-4358960 discloses an optical proximity sensor. US-A-4488813 discloses an optical sensor with reflectivity compensation. According to the present invention, there is provided a position detector comprising: light emitting means for irradiating one surface of an object whose position is to be measured; light receiving means; and, moving means for altering the distances between the surface and the light receiving means in accordance with an input; characterised by: calculating means for calculating a correction quantity for input to the moving means for correcting the distances between the surface and the light receiving means, the correction quantity being calculated on the basis of a difference between the output signals of the light receiving means; the light emitting means comprising first and second light emitters; and, the light receiving means comprising first and second light receivers for receiving light reflected by the surface, the distance between the two light receivers as measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface being longer than the distance between the surface and one of the light receivers which is closer to the surface so as to provide a maximum difference between the output signals of the two light receivers. Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent when carefully reading the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of a conventional position detector which is able to correct a distance from a light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured; Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of another conventional position detector which is able to correct an inclination of a measured surface; Fig. 3 is a diagram showing, in schematic and block form, a first embodiment of the present invention in which a position detector of the invention is incorporated into an optomagnetic recording/recording apparatus; Fig. 4(a) is a diagram showing a key portion of the recording/reproducing apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 4(b) is a plan view showing light receiving means used in the apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between an output power signal P of each light receiving means is in relation to a distance H from the light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured; Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a calculating means used in the recording/reproducing apparatus of Fig. 3; Figs. 7(a) through 9(b) are diagrams useful in explaining a position detection when a measured surface is slanted; and, Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention. A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 3 and Figs. 4(a) and 4(b). In the embodiment, a position detector according to the present invention is incorporated into an optomagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus. In the apparatus, the position detector is used for maintaining a fixed distance between a magnetic head and a disk. In those figures, reference numeral 1 designates a magnetic head section for developing an external magnetic field; 2 an optical head section for emitting a laser beam and detecting a reflected laser beam; 3 a servo control section for effecting a focus servo in the optical head section 2; 4 a disk having a surface to be measured; 5 and 5' photo detectors; and 6 a calculating means for calculating a correction amount from a difference between the output signals of the two photo detectors 5 and 5'. In the magnetic head section 1, a magnetic head 11, together with a magnetic actuator coil 12 functioning as a moving means, is fixed to a plate spring 13. Both ends of the plate spring 13 are held by the block 14. As a result, the magnetic head 11 is biased to a neutral point. A yoke 15 and a magnet 16 are fixed to the block 14. The moving means 12 is disposed in a magnetic circuit formed of the yoke 15 and the magnet 16. Support tables 11' and 11'', which are continuously extended from a single member, are disposed on both sides of the magnetic head 11. Photo detectors 5 and 5', which are physically and electrically equal to each other, are provided on the support tables 11' and 11'', respectively. The photo detector 5 includes a light emitting means 5a and a light receiving means 5b. The photo detector 5' likewise includes a light emitting means 5a' and a light receiving means 5b'. As best illustrated in Fig. 4(a), the photo detectors 5 and 5' confront a surface of the disk 4. Of those detectors, the detector 5 is separated from the disk by a distance H as viewed in the vertical direction (i.e., as viewed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the normal surface posture of the disk), and the detector 5' is separated from the disk by the sum of the distance H and another distance L. A light beam emitted from the light emitting means 5a is reflected by the surface of the disk 4, and reaches a plane including the light receiving means 5b and irradiates a circular area 5c shown in Fig. 4(b). A light beam emitted from the light emitting means 5a' likewise is reflected by the surface of the disk 4, and reaches a plane including the light receiving means 5b' and irradiates a circular area 5c' shown in Fig. 4(b). Each of the light receiving means 5b and 5b' produces an output signal which depends on an intensity of the reflected light, and applies it to the calculating means 6. Then, the calculating means 6 supplies a drive current to the moving means 12. The drive current becomes zero when the distance between the magnetic head 11 and a vertical magnetic film 4a of the disk 4 is appropriate (i.e., is of a predetermined distance). The polarity and level of the drive current changes or varies in accordance with a displacement of the head in the vertical direction. This will subsequently be described in detail. When no drive current is supplied to the moving means 12, the magnetic head 11 is at the neutral position. When the drive current is fed to the moving means 12, the magnetic head 11 moves to a preset position (in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 3) in accordance with the direction and the magnitude of the drive current. The photo detectors 5 and 5', together with the magnetic head 11, are moved, because such components are coupled with one another by the support tables 11' and 11''. The distance from the disk 4 to the photo detectors 5 and 5' as viewed in the vertical direction, and the distance between the photo detectors and the magnetic head 11 as viewed also in the vertical direction are preset, so that the drive current fed from the calculating means 6 becomes zero at an optimum distance between the magnetic head 11 and the vertical magnetic film 4a. In the optical head section 2, a laser beam emitted from a semiconductor laser 21 is transmitted through a beam splitter 22, and is condensed toward the disk 4 by means of an objective lens 23. A laser beam reflected by the vertical magnetic film 4a of the disk 4 is transmitted through a disk substrate 4b and condensed by the objective lens 23, and then is directed toward a focus error detecting portion 24 by means of the beam splitter 22. The focus error detecting portion 24 generates a focus error signal by, for example, an astigmatism method, and outputs it to the servo control section 3. The objective lens 23 is fixed to an objective actuator coil 25. The objective lens 23 is moved in the direction of arrow B in Fig. 3, in accordance with the direction and magnitude of a drive current fed to the actuator coil 25. In the servo control section 3, a focus servo unit 31 generates a servo signal by using a focus error signal as input thereto, and outputs it to a focus driver unit 32. The unit 32 generates a drive current for focus servo, which varies in accordance with the servo signal, and feeds it to the actuator coil 25. The actuator coil 25 moves the objective lens 23 in a direction to correct a focus error in accordance with the drive current as fed thereto. In this way, the servo control is performed so as to maintain a fixed distance between the disk 4 and the objective lens 23. As shown in Fig. 4(b), the light emitting means 5a of the photo detector 5 irradiates the measured surface of disk 4 within the circular area 5c whose radius depends on the distance from the disk 4. The same thing is true for the photo detector 5'. Part of the reflected light beam from the disk 4 is incident on, and detected by, the light receiving means 5b and 5b', which in turn produce output signals reflecting the amounts of the received light. The instant embodiment does not use Fig. 1's paired light receiving means which each receive reflected light when a disk is at a different posture or distance. Because of this, the angles of the light beams emitted from the light emitting means 5a and 5a' may be small. The distance between each light emitting means 5a and 5a' and each light receiving means 5b and 5b' may also be small. As a result, the size of the photo detectors may be reduced. A graphical representation of a relationship between an output power P of each light receiving means 5b and 5b' and the distance H from the disk 4 to each photo detector is as shown in Fig. 5. In the graph, the ordinate represents the output power P of the light receiving means, and the abscissa represents the distance H. A curve (1) indicates a variation of the output power P of the photo detector 5, which is closer to the measured surface or disk. Theoretically, the output power P should be larger as the distance H between the photo detector 5 and the measured surface becomes shorter. Actually, however, it abruptly falls off when the distance H is too short. More particularly, when H = 0, no reflected light is incident on the photo detector, and P = 0. The reason for this is that when the photo detector is too close to the measured surface, the reflected light is hardly incident on the light receiving means. Accordingly, the curve (1) starts from an origin 0, peaks at Ho, and then gradually falls off. A curve (2) indicates a variation of the output power P of the light receiving means 5b' which is more distant from the measured surface. A profile of the curve (2) resembles that of the curve (1), but as a whole is shifted to the left by the distance L, since the distance of the light receiving means 5b' from the measured surface is H + L. A difference between the curves (1) and (2) provides a curve (3). If a value of L is too small, both the curves (1) and (2) approach each other. Under such condition, a difference between curves (1) and (2) can hardly be detected. To avoid this, distances of the detectors are set to a condition when preferably L >Ho. By using the value of a curve (3) thus obtained for a servo signal, the magnetic head 11 is moved, thereby to maintain a fixed distance between the magnetic head 11 and the measured surface 4. In this case, if a position of the magnetic head 11 relative to the photo detectors 5 and 5' is selected so as to provide an optimum distance between the magnetic head 11 and the measured surface, a magnetic field which is sufficient enough to record data into the vertical magnetic film 4a can stably be secured, even if the vertical distance varies due to a swing of the disk in the vertical direction. Fig. 6 shows a circuit arrangement of the calculating means 6 used in this instance. The output signals of the light receiving means 5b and 5b' are coupled with a comparator 61 of the calculating means 6, which detects a difference between the output signals. An output signal of the comparator 61 is supplied to a focus lock detect means 62, which may be an operational amplifier. The means 62 constantly monitors the servo signal as represented by the curve (3). When the servo signal is in a servo pull-in range, the focus lock detect means 62 turns on the switch 63, and turns off the switch 64. The output signal of the comparator 61 is also coupled with the moving means 12 by way of the switch 63. A ramp voltage V R is inverted and input to a force drive power source 65, and applied to the moving means 12 by way of the switch 64. The reason why the ramp voltage is inverted is that the direction of the magnetic head servo is opposite to that of the servo for the optical system. The pull-in of the servo signal will first be described. To start, the ramp voltage V R is input in a loop open state (in a state where the switch 63 is turned off), and is input through the switch 64 to the moving means 12. By application of the ramp voltage V R , the moving means 12 is forcedly moved to a point where it is most distant from the measured surface 4. Then, it is gradually moved toward the measured surface 4. When it is detected that the focus lock detect means 62 falls in a focus pull-in range, the switch 64 is turned off, and at the same time the switch 63 is turned on to close the loop. For the pull-in of the servo for the optical system, the objective lens 23 is gradually moved toward the disk from the point most distant from the disk, with a ramp voltage having the reverse polarity to that of the ramp voltage V R . A zero-cross point of the focus error signal or its neighborhood is detected in a similar manner, and the servo operation is pulled in. It is for this reason that the ramp voltage for the servo pull-in of the optical system is inverted and is used for the servo pull-in of the magnetic head. Alternatively, without the focus lock detect means 62, and at the time of servo pull-in of the optical system, the switch 63 is turned on, while the switch 64 is turned off. The reason for this alternative arrangement is that the pull-in point of the servo for the optical system is not always coincident with the optimum servo pull-in point of the magnetic head, but there exists a high probability that the optimum optical servo pull-in point is coincident. In the instant embodiment, it is preferable that an electrical means is used for making a gain of one of the light receiving elements equal to that of the other. This can readily be realized by coupling a variable resistor or a variable gain amplifier with the output of one of the light receiving elements. The magnetic head is heated when it is operated. Due to the generated heat, a temperature of the light receiving elements changes so that dark current is generated which causes the output signals of the light receiving elements possibly to drift. Accordingly, when the gain of one of the light receiving elements is adjusted, its dark current component changes and its balance with that of the other light receiving element is lost. As a result, the off balance appears in the form of an offset component in the differential output signal. The dark current as the DC component can be removed in such a way that light emitted from each light emitting element is modulated, and its amplitude component is picked up by an AC coupling means. The neutral point of the magnetic head 11 is preferably placed at the optimum distance between the head and the disk. However, a slight focus offset will be caused due to the scattering caused by heat. In such a case, an offset voltage is applied to one of the output signals of the photo detectors 5 and 5'. When an apparent error voltage becomes zero, the distance of the magnetic head 11 to the disk has been adjusted to an optimum distance. In a normal servo state, the output signals of the light receiving means 5b and 5b' are applied to the comparator 61 in the calculating means 6. The comparator 61 produces an output signal representative of a difference between the output signals of the light receiving means 5b and 5b'. The output signal of the compactor 61 is applied through the switch 63 to the moving means 12. Consequently, the magnetic head 11 is moved in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 3, thereby to maintain the distance between the magnetic head 11 and the measured surface at a fixed distance. A position detection when the measured surface 4 is slanted will be described with reference to Figs. 7(a) to 9(b). In those figures, the measured surface 4, when inclined up from left to right, is denoted as 4'. When inclined down from left to right, it is denoted as 4''. Upper symbols of (+) and (-) at a bottom portion of Figs 7(a) to 9(b) indicate changes of the vertical distance from the light receiving means to the measured surface. Lower symbols of (+) and (-) indicate changes of the positions of the reflected light toward the light receiving means, which are due to an inclination of the disk, in terms of changes of the vertical distance. Figs 7(a) and 7(b) show a case where the light emitting means 5a and 5a' and the light receiving means 5b and 5b' are arrayed into a line, and the light emitting means and the light receiving means are alternately arranged. In Fig. 7(a), it is assumed that when the measured surface 4 is not slanted, the objective lens is focused. Under this condition, the amount of light incident on the light receiving element 5b is equal to that of light incident on the light receiving element 5b'. The output signal of each light receiving element is at point S in Fig. 5. To be more specific, the output power of the photo detector 5b closer to the measured surface does not yet reach its peak as indicated by the curve (1). It reaches the peak when the distance between the photo detector 5b and the measured surface is equal to Ho. At this time, the amount of the reflected light is incident on the photo detector 5b, is maximized. At point S, the light incident on the photo detector 5b, is maximized. At point S, the incident position of the reflected light is closer to the light emitting means 5a than at point Ho, so that the light amount is partially removed, providing a light amount comperable to a point S in Fig. 5. The output power of the photo detector 5b' has the profile of (2) in Fig. 5, because, as the reflected light diverges from the measured surface, the reflected light becomes more dispersed from the light emitting means when it is incident on the photo detector 5b', and hence an amount of lost light increases. When the measured surface is slanted with respect to the light receiving elements 5b and 5b' thus arrayed, as indicated by the line 4' in Fig. 7(a), the reflected light directed toward the light receiving element 5b is deviated in a direction toward the light emitting element 5a as indicated by a dotted line. Accordingly, the amplitude of the output signal of the light receiving element 5b decreases. This is equivalent to such a situation where the photo detector 5 moves nearer to the measured surface, as seen from the curve (1) in Fig. 5. With respect to the photo detector 5', the reflected light from the measured surface 4' changes its path from a solid line path to a dotted line path, and hence, the reflected light is deviated in a direction closer to the light receiving element 5b'. Under this condition, the amount of the reflected light incident on the light receiving element increases. As seen from the curve (2) in Fig. 5, this is equivalent to such a situation where the photo detector 5' moves nearer to the measured surface. Thus, both photo detectors produce output powers which are comparable with powers produced by the detectors when the detectors get nearer to the measured surface. With such powers, the servo system controls the magnetic head 11 so as to become more distant from the measured surface 4. In the case shown in Fig. 7(b), the measured surface is slanted in the direction opposite to that in the case of Fig. 7(a). The incident light to be incident on the light receiving element 5b diverges in a direction away from the light emitting element 5a, as indicated by a dotted line, and accordingly, the power of the light receiving element 5b decreases. This is equivalent to such a situation where the photo detector 5 moves a greater distance away from the measured surface. The same thing is true for the photo detector 5', and accordingly, the output power of the light receiving element 5b decreases. This is equivalent to such a situation where the photo detector 5 moves a greater distance away from the measured surface. Under this condition, the servo system operates to move the magnetic head toward the measured surface. Thus, an offset component is superposed on the focus error as the result of the inclination of the measured surface 4 resulting in a non-optimal operation. In the cases of Figs. 8(a) and 8(b), unlike the cases of Figs. 7(a) and 7(b), the light emitting means 5a and 5a' are disposed on the inner side of the light receiving means. In the case of Fig. 8(a), the divergence of the reflected light incident on the light receiving element 5b resembles that in the case of Fig. 7(a). Accordingly, the output power of the light receiving element 5b decreases. This is equivalent to such a situation where the photo detector 5 moves a close distance toward the measured surface. In contrast, the reflected light is incident on the light receiving element 5b' at a place more distant from the light emitting element 5a', as in the case where the photo detector 5 moves a greater distance away from the measured surface. Then, the output power of the light receiving element 5b' decreases. Specifically, the output powers of both the light receiving elements 5b and 5b' decrease, and such parallel decrease is cancelled out to a certain degree by the comparator 61. Consequently, the adverse effect by the inclination of the measured surface is negligible. In the case of Fig. 8(b), the output powers of both the photo detectors increase, in contrast with the case of Fig. 8(a). Such parallel increase of powers is also cancelled out by the comparator 61. In cases of Figs. 9(a) and 9(b), the light receiving elements 5b and 5b' are disposed on the inner side of the light emitting elements 5a and 5a', and accordingly, the arrangement of such elements is the reverse of that in Figs. 8(a) and 8(b). In the case of Figs. 9(a) and 9(b), the output powers of the photo detectors 5 and 5' change in the same direction. Accordingly, the change components are cancelled out by the comparator 61. As seen from the foregoing description, a position detector which is little influenced by the inclination of the measured surface can be realized by such an arrangement that the two light emitting means and the two light receiving means are arrayed into a line, and the light emitting means are disposed on the inner side of the light receiving means and vice versa. In the description thus far made, the position detector of the invention is assembled into the optomagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus, and is operative in order to keep the distance between the magnetic head and the disk constant. It should also be evident to those skilled persons in the art that the position detector of the invention is applicable for any other apparatus of the type in which a distance between two members, relatively disposed, must be kept constant. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention. In such embodiment, photo detectors 5 and 5' are symmetrically disposed on both sides of a reference measured plane 7, and are fixed to a base 8. Such arrangement can be used to keep a constant distance between the reference measured plane 7 and the measured surface as disposed right above the plane 7, and hence may achieve the objects of the invention more satisfactorily.

Claims: A position detector comprising: light emitting means (5a,5a') for irradiating one surface (4a) of an object (4) whose position is to be measured; light receiving means (5b,5b'); and, moving means (12) for altering the distances between the surface and the light receiving means in accordance with an input; characterised by: calculating means (6) for calculating a correction quantity for input to the moving means (12) for correcting the distances between the surface and the light receiving means, the correction quantity being calculated on the basis of a difference between the output signals of the light receiving means; the light emitting means comprising first (5a) and second (5a') light emitters; and, the light receiving means comprising first (5b) and second (5b') light receivers for receiving light reflected by the surface (4a), the distance between the two light receivers (5b,5b') as measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface, when the detector is in operative position, being longer than the distance between the surface (4a) and one of the light receivers (5b) which is closer to the surface so as to provide a maximum difference between the output signals of the two light receivers (5b,5b'). A position detector according to claim 1, in which the two light receivers (5b,5b') are disposed in an area between the two light emitters (5a,5a'). A position detector according to claim 1, in which the two light emitters (5a,5a') are disposed in an area between the two light receivers (5b,5b').

Inventors: SATO KATSUHARU C O PIONEER ELE, TANIGUCHI SHOJI C O PIONEER EL, YANAGAWA NAOHARU C O PIONEER E, SATO, KATSUHARU, C/O PIONEER ELECTRONIC CO., TANIGUCHI, SHOJI, C/O PIONEER ELECTRONIC CO., YANAGAWA, NAOHARU, C/O PIONEER ELECTRONIC CO.
Applicants: PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G01B11
IPC codes: G01B11, G01D5, G11B11, G11B7