Bleaching composition

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprises (a) hydrogen or a peroxide to produce hydrogen peroxide in its aqueous solution and (b) an organic peracid precursor having the formula (I) in which a quaternary ammonium is connected with an alkyl through an ether, an amide or an ester.

Description: Field of industrial application The present invention relates to a bleaching agent and bleach-detergent composition which contain a bleach-activating agent having a cationic group. Prior art Chlorine bleaching agents have the disadvantage of being limited in the kind of fiber to which they can be applied. That is, they cannot be applied to dyed and patterned cloths. Moreover, they have their own smell. Because of these disadvantages, they are being rapidly replaced by oxygen bleaching agents, which include, for example, sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate. Despite their high bleaching performance and stability, oxygen bleaching agents are less effective than chlorine bleaching agents and hence are used in combination with a bleach activating agent, which includes, for example, tetraacetylethylenediamine, acetoxybenzenesulfonate, tetraacetylglycolyluryl, and glucose pentaacetate. However, their bleach activating effect is not sufficiently high. EP-A-284132 discloses a bleach precursor compound comprising a quaternised ammonium or phosphonium group linked to a carbonate moiety having a leaving group. Upon perhydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a basic aqueous medium, there is generated a peroxycarbonic acid bleach. US-A-4397757 discloses a bleaching formulation which consists of essentially a hydrogen peroxide releasing material and esters having a substantive moiety which produces peracid generation. Summary of the Invention In their study to develop a new oxygen bleaching agent having a higher bleaching power, the present inventors found that this object is achieved with a compound which, upon reaction with hydrogen peroxide, forms an organic peracid precursor having a cationic group. (See Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 315666/1988) In their continued study, the present inventors found that it is possible to greatly improve not only bleaching power but also detergency by using an organic peracid precursor having a quaternary ammonium group and an alkyl group which are connected through a specific functional group such as ether, amide, and ester. This finding led to the present invention. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bleaching agent and bleach-detergent composition which comprise containing therein: (a) hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide which generates hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution, and (b) an organic peracid precursor represented by the general formula (I) below. The bleaching composition of the invention comprises (a) hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide to produce hydrogen peroxide in its aqueous solution and (b) an organic peracid precursor having the below shown formula (I) in which a quaternary ammonium is connected with an alkyl through an ether, an amide, an ester or another group. It is preferable that the organic peracid precursor is selected from the group consisting of the below shown (a) to (h). A mole ratio of (a) to (b) preferably ranges from 99.9/0.1 to 20/80. The composition may further contain one or more compounds selected from a surfactant, a divlaent metal ion sequestering agent, an alkaline agent, an inorganic electrolyte, an anti-redeposition agent, an enzyme, a fluorescent whitening agent, a stabilizer for the peroxide, a perfume and a coloring agent. where R₁ denotes a straight-chain or branched-chain C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or alkenyl group which may have a substituent group, an unsubstituted or C₁-C₂₀ alkyl-substituted aryl group, or an alkoxylated hydrocarbyl group; X denotes any one of Y denotes any one of (where n is an integer of 1 to 10) R₂ and R₃ each denotes a C₁-C₃ alkyl group which may have a substituent group, R₄ and R₅ each denotes a C₁-C₁₂ alkylene group which may have a substituent group, or any one of L denotes a leaving group represented by any one of (where R₆ and R₉ each denotes an alkyl group, R₇ and R₈ each denotes hydrogen or an alkyl group, and M⁺ denotes an alkali metal ion or hydrogen ion) or a glycerin residue or sugar residue, and X⁻ denotes an inorganic or organic counter ion, provided that when L denotes X⁻ does not exist. Preferred organic peracid precursors are those in which R₁ denotes a C₁₋₁₄ (particularly C₆₋₁₂) alkyl group, R₂ and R₃ each denotes a C₁₋₂ alkyl group, R₄ and R₅ each denotes a C₁₋₁₀ (particularly C₁₋₅) alkylene group, R₆ to R₉ each denotes a C₁₋₂ alkyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 5. Examples of X⁻ include a halogen ion, hydroxyl ion, metosulfate ion, ethyl sulfate ion, sulfate ion, and acetate ion. Examples of the organic peracid precursor (b) suitable for use in the present invention include those which are represented by the formulas (a) to (h) below. where R₁ is defined as above; m and ℓ each denotes an integer of 1 to 10; and M⁺ and X⁻ may be absent. The bleaching agent and bleach-detergent composition of the present invention contain a peroxide which generates hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. Examples of the peroxide include sodium percarbonate, sodium tripolyphosphate-hydrogen peroxide adduct, sodium pyrophosphate-hydrogen peroxide adduct, urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct, 4Na₂SO₄·2H₂O₂·NaCl, sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium peroxide, and calcium peroxide. Preferable among them are sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate monohydrate, and sodium perborate tetrahydrate. According to the present invention, the bleaching agent and bleach-detergent composition should contain the peroxide (a) and the organic peracid precursor (b) in a molar ratio (a)/(b) of 99.9/0.1 to 20/80, preferably 99/1 to 50/50. The bleaching agent and bleach-detergent composition of the present invention may contain, in addition to the essential ingredients, the following components which are commonly added to bleaching agents and bleach-detergent compositions. [1] Surface active agents (1) Straight-chain or branched-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate which contains an alkyl group having 10-16 carbon atoms on average. (2) Alkyl or alkenyl ether sulfate to which is added 0.5-8 mol (on average in one molecule) of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (0.1/9.9 - 9.9/0.1), or ethylene oxide-butylene oxide (0.1/9.9 - 9.9/0.1), with the alkyl or alkenyl group being a straight-chain or branched-chain one having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (3) Alkyl or alkenyl sulfate which contains an alkyl or alkenyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (4) Olefin sulfonate which contains 10-20 carbon atoms (on average) in one molecule. (5) Alkane sulfonate which contains 10-20 carbon atoms (on average) in one molecule. (6) Saturated or unsaturated fatty acid salt which contains 10-24 carbon atoms (on average) in one molecule. (7) Alkyl or alkenyl ether carboxylate to which is added 0.5-8 mol (on average in one molecule) of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (0.1/9.9 - 9.9/0.1), or ethylene oxide-butylene oxide (0.1/9.9 - 9.9/0.1), with the alkyl or alkenyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (8) A salt or ester of an α-sulfofatty acid represented by the formula below. where Y denotes a C₁-C₃ alkyl group or counter ion, Z denotes a counter ion, and R denotes a C₁₀-C₂₀ alkyl or alkenyl group. The counter ion of anionic surface active agents is an alkali metal ion such as sodium and potassium. (9) Polyoxyethylene alkyl or alkenyl ether to which is added 1-30 mol of ethylene oxide, with the alkyl or alkenyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (10) Polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether to which is added 1-25 mol of ethylene oxide, with the alkyl group having 6-12 carbon atoms on average. (11) Polyoxypropylene alkyl or alkenyl ether to which is added 1-20 mol of propylene oxide, with the alkyl or alkenyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (12) Polyoxybutylene alkyl or alkenyl ether to which is added 1-20 mol of butylene oxide, with the alkyl or alkenyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (13) Nonionic surface active agent to which is added 1-30 mol (in total) of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, or ethylene oxide and butylene oxide (with the ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide or butylene oxide being 0.1/9.9 to 9.9/0.1), with the alkyl or alkenyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms on average. (14) Higher fatty acid alkanolamide or alkylene oxide adduct thereof represented by the following general formula. (where R₁₁ denotes a C₁₀₋₂₀ alkyl or alkenyl group, R′₁₂ denotes H or CH₃, n₃ denotes an integer of 1-3, and m₃ denotes an integer of 0-3.) (15) Sugar fatty acid ester composed of a fatty acid (having 10-20 carbon atoms on average) and sucrose. (16) Sugar fatty acid glycerin monoester composed of a fatty acid (having 10-20 carbon atoms on average) and glycerin. (17) Alkylamine oxide represented by the general formula below. (where R′₁₃ denotes a C₁₀₋₂₀ alkyl or alkenyl group, and R′₁₄ and R′₁₅ each denotes a C₁₋₃ alkyl group.) (18) Nonionic surface active agent available under a trade name of "Pluronic®", which is obtained by the condensation of ethylene oxide. (19) Cationic surface active agent represented by the general formulas below. (where at least one of R′₁, R′₂, R′₃, and R′₄, is a C₈₋₂₄ alkyl or alkenyl group, with the remainder being C₁₋₅ alkyl groups, and X" denotes a halogen or metosul fate.) (where R′₁, R′₂, R′₃, and X′ are defined as above.) (where R′₁, R′₂ and X′ are defined as above, R′₅ denotes a C₂₋₃ alkylene group, and n₄ denotes an integer of 1-20.) [2] Divalent metal ion sequestering agent (or builder) One or more than one kind selected from the following alkali metal salts and alkanolamine salts, in an amount of O-50 wt%. (1) Phosphates such as orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, metaphosphate, hexametaphosphate, and salts of phytic acid. (2) Salts of phosphonic acid such as ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, ethane-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid (and derivatives thereof), ethanehydroxy-1,1,2-triphosphonic acid, ethane-1,2-dicarboxy-1,2-diphosphonic acid, and methanehydroxyphosphonic acid. (3) Salts of phosphonocarboxylic acid such as 2-phosphonobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, 1-phosphonobutane-2,3,4-tricarboxylic acid, and α-methylphosphonosuccinic acid. (4) Salts of amino acid such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine. (5) Salts of aminopolyacetic acid such as nitrilotriacetate, iminodiacetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, glycoletherdiaminetetraacetate, hydroxyethyliminodiacetate, triethylenetetraminehexaacetate, and djenkolate. (6) Polymeric electrolytes such as polyacrylic acid, polyfumaric acid, polymaleic acid, poly-α-hydroxyacrylic acid, polyacetalcarboxylic acid, and salts thereof. (7) Alkali metal salts of organic acids such as diglycolic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, gluconic acid, carboxymethylsuccinic acid, and carboxymethyltartaric acid. (8) aluminosilicate represented by zeolite A. [3] Alkaline agents or inorganic electrolytes Silicates, carbonates, and sulfates. (Alkali metal salts are preferable.) [4] Anti-redeposition agent Polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and carboxy methyl cellulose. [5] Enzymes Protease, lipase, amylase, and cellulase. [6] Fluorescent whitening agent 4,4′-bis-(2-sulfostyryl)-biphenyl salt, 4,4′-bis-(4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl)-biphenyl salt, 2-(stilphenyl)-naphthothiazole derivative, 4,4′-bis(triazol-2-yl)stilbene derivative, and bis(triazinylamino)stilbene disulfonic acid derivative. [7] Stabilizer for peroxide Magnesium salts (such as magnesium sulfate, magnesium silicate, magnesium chloride, magnesium silicofluoride , magnesium oxide, and magnesium hydroxide), and silicates (such as sodium silicate). [8] Perfume and coloring agent Effect of the invention The bleaching agent and detergent of the present invention produce not only an outstanding bleaching effect but also an outstanding cleaning effect for sebaceous dirt and mud dirt. The bleaching agent and bleach-detergent composition of the present invention contain a biodegradable bleach activating agent which is highly safe for the human body. Examples The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to restrict the scope of the invention. Preparation of organic peracid precursor Referential Example 1 Synthesis of an organic peracid precursor (I-a) represented by the formula below. (1) In 300 g of dimethylformaldehyde (DMF) was dispersed 100 g (0.46 mol) of sodium p -phenolsulfonate which had previously been dehydrated. To the dispersion was added dropwise (64.6 g (0.46 mol) of 4-chlorobutyric acid chloride at 50°C over 30 minutes, while stirring with a mechanical stirrer. Reaction was continued for 3 hours. DMF was distilled away under reduced pressure (0.5-1 mmHg) at 100°C. The residue was washed with acetone. Thus there was obtained 153.5 g (80.8% purity) of an ester compound (II) represented by the formula below. (Yield: 90%) (2) A mixture consisting of 50 g (0.49 mol) of N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine and 64.1 g (0.44 mol) of n -caprylic acid was heated from 100°C to 160°C over 11 hours during which reaction was carried out while removing water evolved under a nitrogen stream. The reaction product was distilled at 120-140°C under a reduced pressure of 0.45 mmHg. Thus there was obtained 95.8 g (95% purity) of a clear liquid amine compound (III) represented by the formula below. (Yield: 92.2%) (3) In 150 g of DMF were suspended 50 g (0.21 mol, 95% purity) of the amine compound (III) and 61.7 g (0.2 mol, 80.8% purity) of the ester compound (II). They were reacted at 120°C for 12-14 hours. The reaction product was filtered off, and the filtrate was distilled at 100°C under a reduced pressure of 0.5-1 mmHg to remove the solvent. The residue was washed with acetone. Thus there was obtained 87.0 g (90% purity) of the organic peracid precursor (I-a), in the form of white powder, represented by the formula below. (Yield: 80%) Referential Example 2 Synthesis of an organic peracid precursor (I-b) represented by the formula below. (1) A mixture consisting of 150 g (1.68 mol) of N,N-dimethylmonoethanolamine and 31.5 g (0.56 mol) of potassium hydroxide was heated at 105-130°C for reaction for 3 hours, while removing water evolved under a nitrogen stream. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise 67.7 g (0.56 mol) of 1-chlorohexane at 60-70°C over 1 hour, followed by reaction for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered off to remove salts and the filtrate was distilled at 70-75°C under a reduced pressure of 1 mmHg. Thus there was obtained 45.6 g (96% purity) of a clear liquid amine compound (IV) represented by the formula below. (Yield: 45%) (2) The ester compound (II) obtained in Referential Example 1 was reacted with the amine compound (IV) just mentioned above in the same manner as in Referential Example 1. Thus there was obtained the organic peracid precursor (I-b) represented by the formula below. (Yield: 75%) Referential Example 3 Synthesis of an organic peracid precursor (I-c) represented by the formula below. (1) In 150 ml of acetone was dissolved 50 g (0.49 mol) of N,N-dimethylpropylenediamine. To the solution (cooled in a water bath) was added dropwise 79.6 g (0.49 mol) of 2-ehtylhexanoic acid chloride over 1 hour, followed by reaction for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 94.4 g of 28% sodium methoxide, followed by filtration to remove salts. The filtrate was freed of acetone and methanol by distillation. The residue was distilled at 145-150°C under a reduced pressure of 10.5 mmHg. Thus there was obtained 91.3 g (93% purity) of a clear liquid amine compound (V) represented by the formula below. (Yield: 76%) (2) The ester compound (II) obtained in Referential Example 1 was reacted with the amine compound (V) just mentioned above in the same manner as in Referential Example 1. Thus there was obtained the organic peracid precursor (I-c) represented by the formula below. (Yield: 76%) Example 1 Bleaching agent compositions pertaining to the present invention were prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 1. Each composition contains any one of the activating agents I-a, I-b, and I-c prepared in Referential Examples and the activating agents represented by the formulas below. For comparison, bleaching agent compositions containing no activating agents were also prepared. They were examined for the bleaching effect. Measurement of bleaching effect In 300 ml of water (20°C) were dissolved sodium percarbonate (in an amount sufficient to give 0.05% of effective oxygen) and an activating agent (I-a to I-g) or tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) for comparison (in an amount of 1/16 equivalent of hydrogen peroxide in the solution). The ratio of the two components is shown in Table 1. In the thus prepared solution were soaked five pieces of cloth stained with black tea for 30 minutes. After bleaching, they were rinsed and dried, and the bleaching ratio was calculated according to the following formula. where A : reflectance of stained cloth after bleaching B : reflectance of stained cloth before bleaching C : reflectance of unstained cloth Reflectance was measured by means of NDR 1001DP (with a 460 nm filter) made by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. The cloth stained with black tea was prepared in the following manner. First, 80 g of black tea ("Nitto Kocha" yellow package) was steeped in 3 liters of boiling water (deionized) for about 15 minutes. Then, the percolate was filtered through a piece of desized bleached cotton cloth. In the filtrate was boiled a piece of cotton shirting #2003 for about 15 minutes, followed by standing for about 2 hours. The cloth was air-dried and rinsed repeatedly until the washings were clear. Finally, the cloth was dehydrated and pressed and cut into pieces, measuring 8 cm by 8 cm, for experiments. The results of the bleaching test are shown in Table 1. Example 2 In a cleaning solution containing 0.0833% of commercial heavy duty detergent and 0.0083% of sodium percarbonate was dissolved 0.0043% each of I-a to I-g and TAED. The cleaning solution was used to wash five pieces of cloth (8 cm by 8 cm) stained with black tea (the same cloth as used in Example 1) in a terg-o-tometer (100 rpm) at 20°C for 10 minutes. After rinsing and drying, the cloth was examined for bleaching ratio in the same manner as in Example 1. The cleaning solution was also used in the same manner as above to wash five pieces of cloth soiled with mud dirt and five pieces of cloth soiled with sebaceous dirt. The washed cloth was tested for reflectance and the detergent efficiency was evaluated in the following manner. Artificially soiled cloth (with mud) A piece of shirting #2023 was dipped in 1000 ml of perchloroethylene containing dispersed therein 150 g of Kanuma red soil (for horticulture) which had been dried at 120±5°C for 4 hours, crushed, screened through a 150-mesh (100 µm) sieve, and dried again at 120±5°C for 2 hours. After dipping, the shirting was brushed to remove excess soil.(See Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 26473/1980.) Artificially soiled cloth (with sebaceous dirt) A piece of cotton cloth (10 cm by 10 cm) was uniformly smeared with 2 g of artificial sebaceous dirt of the following composition. Cotton seed oil 60% Cholesterol 10% Oleic acid 10% Palmitic acid 10% Liquid and solid paraffins 10% Measurement of reflectance Reflectance was measured by means of NDR 1001DP made by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. (with a 460 nm filter for cloth soiled with mud and a 550 nm filter for cloth soiled with sebaceous dirt). The washing efficiency was calculated according to the following formula. where A : reflectance of soiled cloth after bleaching B : reflectance of soiled cloth before bleaching C : reflectance of unsoiled cloth The results of the washing test are shown in Table 2. Example 3 Bleach-detergent compositions of the present invention, each containing a different amount of phosphorus, were prepared according to the following formulations. They all exhibited good bleaching performance and detergency. (1) Phosphorus-free formulation Sodium linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate 14 wt% Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (C₁₂-C₁₃, EO = 10 mol) 6 wt% Sodium salt of hardened tallow fatty acid 2 wt% Sodium silicate No. 2 5 wt% Sodium carbonate 10 wt% Zeolite, type 4A 25 wt% Sodium sulfate balance Bleach activating agent (I-a) 10 wt% Polyethylene glycol (Mw = 6000) 2 wt% Protease 2 wt% Water 4 wt% (2) Low-phosphorus formulation Sodium linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate 10 wt% Sodium dodecyl sulfate 2 wt% Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (C₁₂-C₁₃, EO = 7.7 mol) 8 wt% Sodium salt of hardened tallow fatty acid 2 wt% Sodium silicate No. 1 5 wt% Sodium carbonate 10 wt% Zeolite, type 4A 20 wt% Sodium pyrosulfate 15 wt% Sodium sulfate balance Sodium perborate 10 wt% Bleach activating agent (I-b) 5 wt% Polyethylene glycol (Mw = 11000) 1 wt% Sodium sulfite 1 wt% Protease 2 wt% Water 4 wt% (3) High-phosphorus formulation Polyoxyethylene alkyl ether (R: tallow alcohol, EO = 8.6 mol) 20 wt% Sodium salt of hardened tallow fatty acid 2 wt% Sodium tripolyphosphate 30 wt% Sodium perborate 10 wt% Bleach activating agent (I-c) 5 wt% Sodium silicate No. 2 5 wt% Sodium carbonate 10 wt% Sodium sulfite 1 wt% Polyethylene glycol (Mw = 6000) 2 wt% Protease 2 wt% Water 6 wt% Sodium sulfate balance

Claims: A bleaching composition which comprises (a) hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide which produces hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution and (b) an organic peracid precursor, characterised by the organic peracid precursor having the formula (I): where R₁ denotes a straight-chain or branched-chain C₁-C₂₀ alkyl or alkenyl group which may have a substituent group, an unsubstituted or C₁-C₂₀ alkyl-substituted aryl group, or an alkoxylated hydrocarbyl group; X denotes any one of Y denotes any one of (where n is an integer from 1 to 10) R₂ and R₃ each denotes a C₁-C₃ alkyl group which may have a substituent group, R₄ and R₅ each denotes a C₁-C₁₂ alkylene group which may have a substituent group, or any one of L denotes a leaving group represented by any one of (where R₆ and R₉ each denotes an alkyl group, R₇ and R₈ each denotes hydrogen or an alkyl group, and M⁺ denotes an alkali metal ion or hydrogen ion) or a glycerol residue or sugar residue, and X⁻ denotes an inorganic or organic counter ion, provided that when L denotes X⁻ does not exist. The composition as claimed in Claim 1, in which said organic peracid precursor is selected from (a) to (h) as follows: where R₁ is defined as above; m and ℓ each denotes an integer of 1 to 10; and M⁺ and X⁻ may be absent. The composition as claimed in Claim 1, in which the mole ratio (a) /( b) ranges from 99.9/0.1 to 20/80. The composition as claimed in Claim 1, which further contains at least one of a surfactant, a divlaent metal ion sequestering agent, an alkaline agent, an inorganic electrolyte, an anti-redeposition agent, an enzyme, a fluorescent whitening agent, a stabilizer for the peroxide, a perfume and a coloring agent.

Inventors: AOYAGI MUNEO, KANEKO YOUHEI, OGURA NOBUYUKI, SOTOYA KOHSHIRO, AOYAGI, MUNEO, KANEKO, YOUHEI, OGURA, NOBUYUKI, SOTOYA, KOHSHIRO
Applicants: KAO CORP, KAO CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C11D3
IPC codes: C11D3, D06L3, C11D7, D06L1