Brightness stabilizing control of a VF display

Abstract: A VF display (14) control apparatus (40) operated directly from an automotive storage battery (10) in which the display brightness variation is minimized by controlling the relationship between the anode (20) and grid (18) voltages in relation to the fluctuation of the battery voltage. The anodes (20) of the display are operated substantially at the battery voltage, and the grid voltage is reduced in relation to the amount by which the anode (supply) voltage exceeds the nominal open-circuit terminal voltage of the battery.

Description: This invention relates to the control of a vacuum fluorescent (VF) display, and more particularly, to a control method and apparatus for minimizing the display brightness variations which occur due to variations in the voltage supplied by the storage battery of a motor vehicle. Vacuum fluorescent (VF) displays are generally defined by an evacuated envelope enclosing one or more phosphored anodes arranged in a pattern of desired light emission, a filament and a grid disposed between the anodes and filament. The filament is electrically heated at a relatively low voltage to generate a cloud of electrons, and the grid is maintained at a relatively high voltage to accelerate electrons onto any of the anodes which are also maintained at a relatively high voltage. The anodes bombarded by electrons emit light due to the phosphor coating. An example of a control for a VF display is shown in US-A-4271377. This control senses changes in electron beam current and applies compensating voltages to the grids through an impedence network. In automotive applications, the anodes, filament and grid are generally referenced to a storage battery, as shown in the PRIOR ART drawing of Figure 1. Referring to Figure 1, the storage battery 10 is connected by ignition switch 12 to a supply terminal T which, when referenced to the vehicle frame, is generally referred to as the ignition voltage or IGN. The VF display is generally designated by the reference numeral 14 and comprises a filament 16, a grid 18 and an anode defined by a plurality of anode segments 20. The anode segments 20 are individually and selectively connected to the ignition voltage IGN through an anode driver array 22 and a dimming circuit 24. The anode driver array 22 comprises a plurality of solid state switches 26 which are individually controlled to define the pattern of desired light emission, and the dimming circuit 24 comprises a solid state switch 28 which is pulse-width-modulated to control the average anode voltage and therefore the overall brightness of the VF display 14. A control apparatus of this sort is generally required for operator adjustment of the brightness of the VF display 14 in night driving conditions. The grid 18 is maintained substantially at the ignition voltage IGN through the resistor R g and the filament 16 is energized at a relatively low potential via a dropping resistor R f or a separate low voltage power supply (not shown). When multiplexing is employed, a grid supply switch 30 may be provided for open-circuiting the grid 18 to turn off the entire portion of the VF display 14 situated under the grid. A drawback of the above-described circuit apparatus is that the display brightness tends to vary with the supply voltage of the storage battery 10 (which defines a variable voltage source). In certain displays, brightness variations of 60% or more have been observed when the supply voltage is allowed to fluctuate over a 12-16 volt range. The usual solution is to insert a regulated power supply between the storage battery 10 and the VF display 14. This, of course, is quite expensive, especially if a switching regulator is required. A control method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention are characterised by the features specified in the characterising portions of Claim 1 and 4 respectively. The present invention is directed to an improved control apparatus for a VF display operated directly from a storage battery, wherein the display brightness variation is minimized by controlling the relationship between the anode and grid voltages in relation to the fluctuation of the (battery) supply voltage. In essence, we have discovered that the brightness fluctuations of a VF display can be reduced or substantially eliminated over a range of supply voltages by driving the anode and grid such that the grid voltage varies in inverse relation to that of the anode voltage. In operation, the anode and filament voltages are ratiometrically related to the supply voltage, and the grid is supplied with an independently variable voltage intermediate that of the anode and filament. In the illustrated embodiment, the anodes of the VF display are operated substantially at the supply voltage, and the voltage supplied to the grid is reduced in relation to the amount by which the anode (supply) voltage exceeds the nominal open-circuit voltage of the storage battery. The voltage increase at the filament is relatively slight compared to the voltage increase at the anode, and the reduced grid voltage compensates for the higher anode-to-filament potential difference by reducing the grid-to-filament potential difference. As a result, the anode is bombarded by fewer but more energetic electrons and the display brightness tends to remain relatively constant. In a mechanization of the illustrated embodiment, the overall display brightness variation over a supply voltage range of 12-16 volts was reduced to less than 10%. The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the following description, and the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is the circuit diagram of a prior art control apparatus for a VF display; Figure 2 is a graph depicting the intensity of a VF display as a function of the grid voltage for various anode voltages within the normal range of automotive battery voltage fluctuation; Figure 3 is a graph depicting the grid voltage vs. anode voltage required to maintain the brightness of the VF display of Figure 2 substantially constant over a range of battery voltages; Figure 4 is a control apparatus for mechanizing the relationship depicted in the graph of Figure 3; and Figure 5 is a graph depicting the performance of the control apparatus of Figure 4 in terms of measured display brightness over the supply voltage range of 12-16 volts. As indicated above, the prior control apparatus of Figure 1 exhibits significant display brightness variation due to supply voltage variations. The characteristic graphs of Figure 2 were generated as part of an analysis of this phenomenon. Referring to Figure 2, the intensity or brightness of a given VF display is plotted as a function of grid voltage for various anode voltage values within the normal range of fluctuation of automotive ignition voltage, the filament voltage being maintained substantially constant. In the conventional control apparatus of Figure 1, the grid voltage generally follows the anode (ignition) voltage resulting in the indicated brightness fluctuations. However, this invention recognizes that the display brightness can be maintained substantially constant over a range of ignition voltages by controlling the relation between the anode and grid voltages along a given constant brightness load line, as represented by the trace 32 in Figure 2. The relation between the anode and grid voltages for the brightness represented by the trace 32 is depicted by the trace 34 of Figure 3. Various traces similar to the trace 34 can be developed for any value of constant brightness depicted in Figure 2. Significantly, such traces define an inverse relation between the anode and grid voltages. The constant intensity relationship described above in reference to the traces 32 and 34 can be approximated with the control apparatus of Figure 4 to produce the brightness performance depicted in Figure 5. Referring to Figure 4, elements corresponding to those depicted in Figure 1 have been assigned the same reference numerals. Thus, the exciting current for filament 16 is supplied from the ignition voltage IGN via dropping resistor R f , and the anode segments 20 are selectively connected to the ignition voltage IGN via the anode driver array 22 and the dimming circuit 24. However, the grid voltage is now controlled by a grid drive circuit designated generally by the reference numeral 40. The grid drive circuit 40 comprises a first transistor 42 connecting the ignition voltage IGN to the grid 18 and a second transistor 44 for limiting the conduction of first transistor 42 when the ignition voltage IGN (and hence, the anode voltage) rises above a reference voltage V z defined by the Zener diode 46. So long as the ignition voltage is less than or equal to the reference voltage V z , the second transistor 44 is maintained in a nonconductive state by a pull-down resistor 48, and the first transistor 42 is maintained in a fully conductive state by a pull-up resistor 50. In this state, the potential of grid 18 is maintained approximately one diode drop below the ignition (anode) voltage IGN. When the ignition voltage rises above the reference voltage V z , the second transistor 44 begins to conduct, diverting some of the base current of first transistor 42 to ground through a resistor 52. This causes first transistor 42 to operate in its linear region which increases the voltage drop across its collector-emitter circuit and correspondingly decreases the voltage applied to the grid 18 according to the relationship defined by the broken trace 36 of Figure 3. In the conventional circuit of Figure 1, increases in the supply (anode) voltage produce similar increases in grid-to-filament voltage since the corresponding increase in the filament voltage is relatively slight. This increases both electron flow and the energy level of the electrons at the anode and therefore increases the brightness of the emitted light. With the control apparatus of this invention, however, increases in the anode voltage are accompanied by decreases in the grid voltage, thereby reducing the grid-to-filament voltage. As a result, the anode is bombarded by fewer, more energetic electrons and the display brightness tends to remain relatively constant, as graphically depicted in Figure 5, where the measured display brightness or intensity in FT-L is given as a function of the ignition voltage IGN. As seen in the graph, the intensity variation is less than 10% over an ignition voltage range of 12-16 volts, the range one would normally experience in the operation of a motor vehicle. While this invention has been described in reference to the illustrated embodiment, it will be recognized that various modifications will occur to those skilled in the art. In the illustrated embodiment, the nominal open-circuit terminal voltage of the storage battery is chosen as a baseline operating point, above which the grid voltage is made to decrease with increasing anode voltage. However, the primary import of the present invention is that the brightness fluctuations of a VF display can be reduced or substantially eliminated over a range of supply voltages by driving the anode and grid such that the grid voltage varies in inverse relation to that of the anode voltage. Thus, it will be understood that the scope of this invention is broader than the illustrated embodiment and is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims: A control method for a display system including a vacuum fluorescent display (14) in which electrons generated at a filament (16) and attracted by a grid (18) bombard an anode (20) which is phosphored to emit light for display purposes, and control apparatus (22,24,40) for supplying operating voltages to the filament (16), grid (18) and anode (20) from a variable voltage source (10), the control method comprising supplying a voltage to the anode (20) which follows the supply voltage of the variable voltage source (10); characterised by supplying a voltage to the grid (18) which is varied in inverse relation to that of the voltage supplied to the anode (20), thereby to reduce fluctuations in the brightness of the emitted light despite substantial variation of the supply voltage of the variable voltage source (10). A control method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the voltage supplied to the anode (20) is substantially at the supply voltage of the variable voltage source (10); and wherein the voltage supplied to the grid (18) is at a voltage lower than the supply voltage of the variable voltage source and varies in inverse relation thereto, at least when the supply voltage exceeds a reference voltage (V z ). A control method as claimed in Claim 2, in which the variable voltage source includes a storage battery (10) of a motor vehicle having a nominal open-circuit output voltage, the storage battery being adapted to be charged at voltages in excess of such nominal open-circuit output voltage; wherein the reference voltage (V z ) substantially corresponds to said nominal open-circuit output voltage. A control apparatus for a display system including a vacuum fluorescent display (14) in which electrons generated at a filament (16) and attracted by a grid (18) bombard an anode (20) which is phosphored to emit light for display purposes, the control apparatus supplying operating voltages to the filament, grid and anode from a variable voltage source (10) so as to minimize supply voltage related variations in the brightness of the emitted light, and comprising anode supply means (22,24) connected between the variable voltage source and the anode (20) for supplying an operating voltage to the anode which follows the supply voltage of the variable voltage source; characterised by grid supply means (40) connected between the variable voltage source and the grid (18) for supplying the grid with an operating voltage which varies in inverse relation to the voltage supplied to the anode. A control apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the anode supply means (22,24) supplies an operating voltage to the anode (20) which is substantially equal to the supply voltage of the variable voltage source (10); and the grid supply means (40) supplies the grid (18) with an operating voltage which is lower than the voltage supplied to the anode and which varies in inverse relation thereto, at least when the supply voltage exceeds a reference voltage (V z ). A control apparatus as claimed in Claim 5, in which the variable voltage source includes a storage battery (10) having a nominal open-circuit output voltage, the storage battery being adapted to be charged at voltages in excess of such nominal open-circuit output voltage; wherein the reference voltage (V z ) substantially corresponds to the nominal open-circuit output voltage. A control apparatus as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6, comprising filament supply means (Rf) connected between the variable voltage source (10) and the filament (16) for supplying the filament with a relatively low operating voltage ratiometrically related to the supply voltage, wherein the grid supply means (40) supplies the grid (18) with an operating voltage intermediate the operating voltages supplied to the anode (20) and the filament, at least when the supply voltage is less than the reference voltage (V z ); and brightness control means for reducing the operating voltage supplied to the grid (18) by the grid supply means in relation to the amount by which the operating voltage supplied to the anode exceeds the reference voltage.

Inventors: LIPPMANN RAYMOND, NELSON JAMES EDWARD, SCHNARS MICHAEL JOHN, LIPPMANN, RAYMOND, NELSON, JAMES EDWARD, SCHNARS, MICHAEL JOHN
Applicants: DELCO ELECTRONICS CORP, DELCO ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G09G3
IPC codes: G09G3, H05B41