Slide fastener and fastener elements therefor

Abstract: The present invention provides fastener elements for use in a slide fastener in which, regardless of the quality of material, a metallic coating layer having an excellent adhesiveness and 0.001 to 1.0 µm in thickness is simply and easily formed on the surface of a fastener element member so that the surface thereof gives out the luster of metal. The surface of the metallic coating layer may further be formed at least thereon with a finishing coat layer. In the present invention, there is further provided a slide fastener having a light weight and flexibility in which such a fastener element member as being made synthetic resin having the luster of metal on the surface thereof.

Description: This invention relates to a slide fastener, comprising a row of interlocking elements formed of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin with a metallic coating formed on the surface thereof and having a metallic luster. Description of the Prior Art: In the conventional slide fasteners comprising a row of interlocking elements having a metallic coating formed on the surface thereof and having a metallic luster or a color tone applicable to highly fashionable sports wears and high-class bags, in case of a row of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin, interlocking elements having a metallic luster are formed by mixing a coloring agent into the synthetic resin, whilst in case of interlocking elements made of a metallic material, they have been given a metallic luster by a color tone of the metallic material forming interlocking elements themselves. However, in case of slide fasteners with a row of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin, since a coloring agent is mixed with a synthetic resin, a metallic luster could not be obtained from the surface of the interlocking elements, whilst in case of slide fasteners with metallic interlocking elements, since in producing them from a metallic material they are subjected to cutting work etc. minute irregularities are formed on the surface thereof thereby impairing the metallic luster. As is well-known, slide fasteners are broadly classified into plastic fasteners using interlocking elements made of synthetic resins, and metallic fasteners using metallic interlocking elements. The metallic fasteners are disadvantageous in that use of lots of a non-ferrous metal is required thus rendering the manufacturing cost thereof more expensive than those of the plastic fasteners. Whilst, the slide fasteners made of a synthetic material are advantageous in that they can be produced at comparatively low costs, and fastener types and interlocking elements thereof can be put in any desired color tone which is identical or different from each other, they have come to occupy substantial proportion of slide fasteners presently in use. However, in spite of the fact that they can be put in any desired color tone, no slide fasteners made of a synthetic resin having a metallic luster are available yet. Whilst in the field of application to sky wears and high-class bags, in particular in the field of sky wears, light-weight and fashionability are required to pursuit amenity, and therefore it has so far been demanded to provide slide fasteners made of a synthetic resin having a metallic luster. To cope with such demands, it has been conducted to give slide fasteners a color tone which is similar to a metallic luster either by mixing the synthetic resin with a pigment or by dyeing, however, it is to be regretted that the color tone or luster obtained by such methods was far from the desired one. In order to achieve a slide fastener with interlocking elements having a metallic luster it is known since decades (DE-A 1257525) to use separate interlocking elements for forming the row of interlocking elements, said separate interlocking elements having a very thin metallic coating layer formed on their surface so as to give them a metallic luster. These separate interlocking elements being stiff in itself, there is no danger that the coating is injured as the result of deflecting forces which act upon the elements during use of the slide fastener. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances in the prior art, and has for its object to provide a slide fastener using rows of interlocking elements which are made each of a continuous coiled or zig zag row of interlocking elements. During the last decades such slide fasteners have been develloped in which the continuous rows of interlocking elements are sewn by a sewing yarn onto a fastener tape. Furthermore for strengthening the stability of such slide fasteners it is known to insert a cord in the continuous rows of interlocking elements. According to the invention it is proposed to make a slide fastener comprising such rows of continuous interlocking elements made of synthetic resin and to give them a metallic luster by a metallic coating layer with a thickness of 0,001 to 1,0 µm formed on the surface thereof, these interlocking elements having a cord inserted therethrough, the cord having also a metallic coating layer with a thickness of 0,01 µm or over formed thereon. According to a further feature of the invention said sewing yarn is a transparent yarn. Therefore, the slide fastener of the present invention can meet the requirements in terms of fashionability satisfactory and also enhance the commercial value of products such as sky wears, high-class bags and others to which the slide fastener of the present invention is applied. The above-mentioned and other objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art by making reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments incorporating the principles of the present invention are shown by way of example only. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a plan view showing one embodiment of a slide fastener of the present invention using rows of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II - II in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 2, but showing another embodiment of the slide fastener of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, enlarged sectional view of a row of interlocking elements having metallic coating layer formed on the surface thereof by a chemical plating process; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary, enlarged view of a row of interlocking elements having a metallic coating layer formed on the surface thereof by ion plating process; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary, enlarged view of a row of interlocking elements having a metallic coating layer formed on the surface thereof by a transferring process; Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of a row of interlocking elements according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of a row of interlocking elements according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; Figs. 9A, 9B and 9C are a plan view of a an interlocking element which is coiled around a cord, and sectional views showing two embodiments wherein interlocking elements are attached to their respective fastener tapes; and Figs. 12A and 12B are a fragmentary plan view of a slide fastener to which rows of interlocking elements of the present invention are attached, and a plan view of the lower end of the slide fastener. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail below by way of several embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the first place, several embodiments of a slide fastener using rows of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin will now be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 6. Figs. 1 to 3 show embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a fastener tape, 2 a coiled row of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin, and 3 a cord which is inserted between upper and lower legs 2b and 2c and inside of a connecting and reversal portion 2a. Reference numeral 4 denotes a sewing or stitching yarn for sewing the row of interlocking elements 2 to one side of the fastener tape 1 by single-thread chain stitch. The sewing yarn 4 is passed from the upper leg 2b of the row of interlocking elements 2 through the cord 3, and on the other side of the fastener tape 1 the loop 5 of the seam of sewing yarn extends continuously through a crossing portion 6 thus forming a chain of the yarn. As this sewing yarn 2, a heat-shrinkable yarn such as, for example, a monofilament yarn formed of nylon or polyester, etc. is used, and in particular the above-mentioned transparent monofilament yarn should preferably be used. When the rows of interlocking elements are sewn by the sewing yarn to the fastener tape and subjected to thermosetting, the whole sewing yarn undergo a heat shrinkage thus causing a strong binding force exerted between the row of interlocking elements 2 and the fastener tape 1. As a result, in the above-mentioned crossing portion 6, the fastener tape 1 is pulled towards the lower leg 2c of the adjoining row of interlocking elements 2 thus forming a recess 7 into which the crossing portion 6 bites. Further, the strong binding force exerted by the sewing yarn 4 forms a groove 8 on the surface of the upper leg 2b, into which the sewing yarn 4 bites. The drawings show the case where the row of interlocking elements 2 is sewn by single-thread chain stitch onto the fastener tape; however, two-thread chain stitch using a needle thread and a bobbin thread may be effected instead. The above-mentioned row of interlocking elements 2 and the cord 3 are each applied with a metallic coating of Ni, Cu or Ag, etc. according to the present invention. The thickness of a metallic coating layer M deposited on a row of interlocking elements 2' (refer to Figs. 4 to 6) should be 0.001 ∼ 1 µm. In case the thickness of the metallic coating is less than 0.001 µm, then it becomes difficult to obtain a desired color and luster, whilst in case the thickness of the coating in more than 1.0 µm, then the flexibility of the row of interlocking elements per se which is required in the sliding movement thereof is lost, and there is a fear of the plating on the row of interlocking elements causing cracks. Therefore, it is not desirable that the thickness of the coating exceeds 1.0 µm. The thickness of the metallic coating should be 0.001 ∼ 0.1 µm taking into consideration productivity and economy such as the treating speed and the consumption of raw materials. Whilst, the thickness of the metallic coating layer deposited on the surface or the cord may be the same as that of the metallic coating layer deposited on the above-mentioned fastener element, or may be about ten times as that of the latter. But, in case of the cord, when, for example, the cord is subjected to a chemical plating treatment, a catalyst then used is liable to deposit on the cord, and the metallic coating layer deposits easily on the cord. Therefore, the thickness of the metallic coating layer on the cord is normally kept more than 0.01 µm. To form the metallic coating layer, a variety of methods, such as, for example, wet process (chemical plating), dry process (vacuum deposition, ion plating, sputtering), and transfer process can suitably be used. Upon the formation of the metallic coating layer, the surface of the row of interlocking elements whose interlocking elements are sewn onto the fastener tape, and the surface of the cord is applied with metallic coating layer at the same time (in this case, the coating treatment is made with the fastener tape covered with masking), or alternatively, either the row of interlocking elements alone or the row of interlocking elements in interdigitated conditions may be subjected to the metallic coating treatment, and then sewn to the fastener tape. In this case, there is no possibility of contamination of the fastener tape, and the row of interlocking elements can be matched with various colors of the fastener tape. An example of product manufacturing process using chemical plating process comprises the steps of winding rows of interlocking elements on bobbins, subjecting the rows of interlocking elements to the chemical plating, drying the elements, unwinding the elements, sewing the slide fastener chain, and setting the slide fastener chain. Further, the plating process consists, for example, of the following work steps to be effected in turn. (1) Pre-etching The rows of interlocking elements are treated, for example, with an organic solvent at normal temperatures for about ten minutes. The purpose of this treatment is to remove contaminants or low-molecular weight compounds utilizing the effect of the solvent swelling the surfaces of the rows of interlocking elements. (2) Second Etching The rows of interlocking elements are treated, for example, with aqueous chromic acid at about 70°C for about ten minutes. This treatment is made to cause roughening of the surfaces of the rows of interlocking elements by the etching effect to improve the adherence of the metallic coating due to the resultant anchoring effect. Removal and flushing of fats and oils are made at the same time. (3) Neutralization Neutralization is made to remove chromic acid deposited on the roughened surface or the synthetic resin and to prevent carrying of the chromic acid into the liquid for the subsequent work step. This neutralization treatment is made at about 70°C, for example, for five minutes. (4) Third Etching Rows of interlocking elements and cords made of engineering plastics are subjected to etching treatment using potassium permanganate solution at about 70°C for about five minutes for the same purpose as that of the above-mentioned item (2) "Etching". (5) Intermediate Flushing - Etching This flushing is made for the same purpose as that of the above item (2) "Etching". (6) Water Washing The rows of interlocking elements and cords are washed with sufficient amount of water to prevent carrying of metals such as chrome and potassium into the subsequent work step. (7) Predipping The rows of interlocking elements and cords are dipped, in, for example, aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid for a short time, with the aim of maintaining predetermined values of density and PH. (8) Addition of Catalyst This is made to give Sn 2- (tin) and Pd 2+ (palladium) to the surface of the plastic resin. The rows of interlocking elements and cords are dipped in a liquid containing there ions for a short time. (9) Promotion of Reaction The tin ion Sn 2+ in the liquid reduces the palladium ion Pd 2+ to cause deposition of metallic palladium on the surface of the plastic resin. Sn 2+ + Pd 2+ → Sn 4+ + Pd The reaction occurs under acid conditions. Further, the second tin ion (Sn 4+ ) is removed by water washing. (10) Chemical Plating Through the action of reducing agents contained in the plating solution (such as, phosphate, boron hydride, aminovolan, and hydrazine, etc.), a metal such as, for example, nickel, etc. deposits on the surface of the plastic resin in the presence of metallic palladium as a catalyst. As a result of investigation of drying conditions to improve the adherence of the plating, it proved that it is proper to dry the metallic coating after the plating thereof at 80 to 180°C for 30 to 140 minutes, and the drying should more preferably be made at 95 to 120°C for 40 to 180 minutes. By the above-mentioned drying, the adherence of the plating will became about ten times higher than that obtained by natural drying. Further, in case the material of the coiled rows of interlocking elements is different from that of the cords in case, for example, the rows of interlocking elements are made of Nylon-6, whilst the cords are made of polyester), it is difficult to plate the rows of interlocking elements and cords at the same time to improve the adherence of the plating, because treating solutions suitable for their materials are different. Therefore, in case the rows of interlocking elements and cords are subjected concurrently to chemical plating, it is required that both the rows of interlocking elements and cords are formed of the same material, for example, polyester. Microscopic deposited conditions of the metallic coating layer vary with the above-mentioned treating methods. For example, the metallic coating layer formed by chemical plating is as shown in Fig. 4, according to observation by means of a microscope, palladium deposited in minute holes scattered on the surface of the synthetic resin interlocking element 2' resulted from the surface roughening, and a metallic layer M depositing on the palladium deposits. If the thickness of the coating is more than 0.3 µm, then the coating becomes continuous. Even in the condition metal deposits are scattering as shown, the metallic coating is given a sufficient metallic luster. The most optimum thickness of the metallic coating layer formed on the interlocking element 2' by chemical plating is 0.05 to 0.3 µm. Whilst, the rendition of the metallic coating layer formed by ion plating is as shown in Fig. 5, a metallic coating layer M having deposited uniformly on the surface of the interlocking element 2' made of a synthetic resin. The optimum thickness of the coating layer formed by ion plating is in the range of 0.01 ∼ 0.1 µm. It is enough to conduct the ion plating treatment for about 60 seconds from the time of coloring which occurs three seconds after the commencement of the treatment. An example of the coating layer formed by transfer process is as shown in Fig. 6, wherein an adhesive layer A, a metallic coating layer M and a protective layer P are laminated in turn on the surface of an interlocking element 2' made of a synthetic resin. Further, in case of the chemical plating, the metallic coating layer M is formed on the whole front and rear surfaces of the row of interlocking elements by a single treatment as shown in Fig. 2. Whilst, in case of ion plating process and transfer process, the metallic coating layer is formed only on the front surfaces of the row of interlocking elements and the cord. (Refer to Fig. 3) Thus, the metallic coating layer is not deposited on invisible portions of the row of interlocking elements and the cord, an economical advantage is obtained. Both the above two cases come under the present invention, and even in case the metallic coating layer is formed only on the front side of the row of interlocking elements, a satisfactory metallic luster is obtained. Further, as occasion demands, the metallic coating layer formed on the row of interlocking elements may be applied with a transparent coating material. It is to be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that the scope of the appended claims. In the next place, referring to a further embodiment shown in Fig. 7, reference numeral 11 denotes an interlocking element made either of any one of synthetic resins such as, for example, polyester, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacetal, and polycarbonate, etc.. Reference numeral 12 denotes a thin metallic coating layer made of any one of metallic materials such as aluminium, chrome, nickel, stainless steel, silver, gold, copper and brass, etc., or alloys thereof deposited on the surface of the interlocking element 11 by either one of vapor deposition process, high-frequency ion plating process, sputtering process, and vapor phase plating process (cathode vapor deposition (CVD) process), etc.. The thickness of the metallic coating layer 12 thus formed on the row of interlocking elements 10 should optically be about 0.05 ∼ 1.0 µm. If the thickness of the metallic coating layer 12 is less than this value, then the strength thereof becomes weak and the metallic luster thereof also becomes weak. To the contrary, if the thickness of the metallic coating layer 12 is more than this value, then the adherence of the coating layer becomes poor, and in particular in case the interlocking element 11 is made of a synthetic resin, it becomes rigid thus impairing its function as a fastener, and so the coating layer becomes liable to be cracked or peeled off when it is bent. Reference numeral 13 denotes a finishing coat layer for protecting and coloring the metallic coating layer 12, which is formed by spraying the surface of the layer 12 with a coating material selected from among thermosetting, electron radiation curing, and ultraviolet curing synthetic resins, such as acrylic resin, urethane, polyester urea-melamine, epoxy resin, amino-alkyd plastics, polyisocyanate, and alkyl-titanate, etc., or nitrocellulose, etc., and then drying the sprayed coating, and which serves to give an excellent metallic luster and enhance the adherence and resistance thereof to washing. Further, the finishing coat layer 13 is required to be transparent or translucent to enable the color tone of the metallic coating layer 12 located underneath to be seen through, or alternatively it may be put in any desired color which does not interfere with the seeing through it. For example, by applying a finishing coat layer put in yellow color on an aluminium metallic coating layer with a silvery luster, an interlocking element 10 having a golden metallic luster can be produced. Further, by applying a finishing coat layer put in green color on an aluminium metallic coating layer, an interlocking element 10 having a green metallic luster can be obtained. Thus, by applying a finishing coat layer put in any one of a wide variety of colors, which do not hinder the seeing through it, on a metallic coating layer having a silvery luster, a metallic coating layer having a metallic luster matching with the color of the finishing coat layer can be obtained. Still another embodiment shown in Fig. 8 is the one which has an under coat layer 14 applied onto the surface of the interlocking element 11 prior to forming the metallic coating layer 12 of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 7 to improve the surface condition thereof. This under coat layer 14 is adapted for use in cases where the interlocking element 11 has minute surface irregularities and is poor in the luster and the adherence of a metallic material by vapor deposition. This under coat layer 14 is formed by spraying the surface of the interlocking element 11 with a coating material which is either a synthetic material similar to the finishing coat applied to the surface of the metallic coating layer, or nitrocellulose. Further, the under coat layer 4 may be opaque since it serves only to improve the surface condition of the interlocking element 11. Stating in brief, the second embodiment shows a row of interlocking elements 10 having a metallic luster which is produced by forming the metallic coating layer 12 on the surface of the under coat layer 14, and then forming the finishing coat layer 13 thereon as in the case of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 7. This embodiment is adapted for use where interlocking elements of a synthetic resin are formed directly by an extrusion molding machine or by an injection molding machine with a tendency to form irregularities on their surfaces, which require the application of the under coat layer 14. Further, in case a coiled or zigzag interlocking element is formed by extruding a synthetic resin into a continuous strip by an extrusion molding machine, stretching it and then bending it, the surface thereof becomes smooth, and even if it possesses irregularities, the degree thereof is as small as 0.05 1.0 µm or under, and therefore there is no need of applying any under coat layer. In the next place, a method of forming a metallic coating having a metallic luster on the surface of an interlocking element according to the present invention will be described below. In case a coil of zigzag interlocking elements is formed by bending a continuous rectilinear strip of a synthetic resin according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the fastener element member is subjected firstly to ultrasonic wave flushing treatment using a solvent (such as, for example, Freon and trichloethylene, etc.), and then to a preliminary drying. Subsequently, the interlocking element is formed with a thin metallic coating layer having surface irregularities of about 0.05 to 1.0 µm by subjecting the surface thereof to vapor deposition of aluminium, for example according to the high-frequency ion plating process. After that, the surface of the interlocking element is subjected to a metallic coating treatment to give it a metallic luster by spraying the surface of the metallic coating layer with a finishing coat layer such as, for example, a mixture of polyester polyol put in any color and an isocyanate compound at a weight ratio of 100 to 50 parts, drying the finishing coat layer by hot air, and then allowing it to cure by aging. In the next place, a metallic coating formation treatment to be made to both interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin, according to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 8 will now be described below. Further, it is to be noted that the interlocking element of a synthetic resin is formed directly by molding a synthetic resin by means of an extrusion molding machine or by means of an injection molding machine, and has surface irregularities of 0.05 ∼ 1.0 µm or over. The interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin are firstly subjected to ultrasonic flushing treatment using a solvent (Freon and trichloethylene, etc.), and then to a preliminary drying. Subsequently, the surfaces of the interlocking elements are sprayed with an under coat layer such as, for example, a mixture of acrylic polyol and an isocyanate compound (curing agent) at a weight ratio of 100 to 25 parts, and then dried by hot air. After that, as in the case of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the under coat layer thus formed on each of the interlocking elements is applied with a metallic coating layer by high-frequency ion plating process, and then applied with a finishing coat layer. Further, the above-mentioned metallic coating treatment is conducted mainly after the molding of the interlocking elements before attaching it to a fastener tape; however in case of a coiled or zigzag interlocking element formed by bending a continuous rectilinear strip of a synthetic resin, this treatment may be made to the continuous rectilinear strip before it is formed into an interlocking element. Further, after attaching the interlocking element to a fastener tape and covering the portions other than the interlocking elements, such as the fastener tape. etc., with masking tape or the like, the exposed surface of the interlocking elements may be subjected to the metallic coating treatment. Figs. 9A to 12B show various embodiments of the interlocking elements to which the present invention is applied. Fig. 9A to 9C show coiled interlocking elements each of which is formed by bending a continuous rectilinear strip as a starting material. As shown in Fig. 9A, an interlocking element 10a through which a cord 15 is passed is subjected to the metallic coating treatment to give it a metallic luster. After that, as shown in Fig. 9B, the interlocking element 10a is sewn onto a fastener tape 17 by a sewing yarn 16, or alternatively, as shown in Fig. 9C, simultaneously with the weaving of the fastener tape 17, the interlocking element 10a is woven into the fastener tape 17. In the case of the interlocking elements attached to one side of the fastener tape as shown in Fig. 9B, only one of the surfaces of the interlocking elements which is exposed to outside is applied with a metallic coating layer. Whilst, in the case of the rows of interlocking elements each of which is woven into the fastener tape simultaneously with the weaving of the latter as shown in Fig. 9C and also in the case of the rows of interlocking elements each of which is attached to the fastener tape by sandwiching the latter therein, both the front and rear surfaces of the interlocking elements located on the front and rear surfaces of the fastener tape are applied with a metallic coating layer. Further, the interlocking elements shown in Fig. 9C, are made of a synthetic resin, and can be put in any desired color by mixing a pigment in the resin or by dyeing. Therefore, after the interlocking elements have been colored by mixing the synthetic resin with a colored pigment, which enables a color inclining toward a color tone of the metallic coating layer to be applied to the surface thereof to be achieved, or alternatively by dyeing, only the surface of the interlocking elements may be applied with a metallic coating layer. Figs. 12A and 12B show a slide fastener comprising rows of interlocking elements applied with a metallic coating layer having a metallic luster according to the present invention. If, in addition to the rows of interlocking elements, the surfaces of a slider 25, upper stops 26, a bottom stop 27, a separable terminal assembly 28, etc. are each applied with a metallic coating layer and a finishing coat layer in turn in the same manner as in the case of the rows of interlocking elements so as to apply them with a metallic coating layer having a unified metallic luster throughout the slide fastener excepting the fastener tapes 17, then much more enhanced aesthetic sense or effect can be obtained.

Claims: A slide fastener comprising a row of interlocking elements (2) formed of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin and having a metallic coating layer with a thickness of 0.001 to 1.0 µm formed on the surface thereof so as to give the surface of the interlocking elements a metallic luster, said row of interlocking elements (2) being a continuous coiled or zigzag row of interlocking elements being sewn by a sewing yarn (4) onto one side of a fastener tape (1), said continuous row of interlocking elements having a cord (3) inserted therethrough, and the cord having also a metallic coating layer with a thickness of 0.01 µm or over formed thereon. A slide-fastener as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said sewing yarn (4) is a transparent yarn. A slide fastener row of interlocking elements made of a synthetic resin and having a metallic coating layer with a thickness of 0.001 to 1.0 µm formed on the surface thereof so as to give the surface of the interlocking elements a metallic luster, said row of interlocking elements (2) being a continuous coiled or zigzag row of interlocking elements, wherein said metallic coating layer (12) formed on the interlocking elements (2) has a translucent finishing coat layer (13) formed thereon. A slide fastener row of interlocking elements as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that an undercoat layer (14) is provided between the metallic coating layer and the surface of the interlocking elements. A slide fastener row of interlocking elements as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of said metallic coating layer (12) is in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 µm.

Inventors: FUNAKAWA SHIGERU, HORITA YOSHIYUKI, KIKUKAWA NORIO, NAKAYAMA KIYOSHI, SUGIMOTO YASUHIKO, YAMAGUCHI YOSHIHARU, FUNAKAWA, SHIGERU, HORITA, YOSHIYUKI, KIKUKAWA, NORIO, NAKAYAMA, KIYOSHI, SUGIMOTO, YASUHIKO, YAMAGUCHI, YOSHIHARU
Applicants: YKK CORP, YKK CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: A44B19
IPC codes: A44B19