Anti-skid device for use on pneumatic tires for automotive vehicles

Abstract: An anti-skid device for use on pneumatic tires of an automotive vehicle according to the present invention comprises a supporting ring (31) rotatably provided on the outer circumferential periphery of a mounting plate (21) that is detachably mounted on the wheel portion of the automotive vehicle, a plurality of ribs (41) formed from a material having elastic force and toughness that are provided on the supporting ring (31) in a radial fashion and are bent so as to extend from the outer side of a pneumatic tire (1) to a tread thereof, first and second endless bands (51), (52) provided on the leading-end portion of each of the ribs (41) in such a manner as to be located within the width of the tread of said pneumatic tire (1), rivets (53) secured at portions where the first and second bands (51), (52) intersect the ribs (41), and a prevention means provided on either of the first and second bands (51), (52) for preventing the occurrence of imbalance of the degree of stretch between the first and second bands (51), (52). Insertion and fixation holes (24) each comprising a large diameter portion (25) and a small diameter portion (26) are formed in the mounting plate (21) with the large diameter portions (25) being designed to be opened and/or closed by means of stoppers (66) after the leading-end portions (7) of wheel nuts (5) of the automotive vehicle have been put through the large diameter portions (25) so as to be then moved to the small diameter portions (26) to be secured in place therein.

Description: The present invention relates to an anti-skid device intended to be mounted on pneumatic tires of an automotive vehicle so as to prevent the slippage of the tires that would be caused when running on snowy, icy or sandy roads. In particular the anti-skid device is of the type forming the pre-characterising portion of Claim 1 and Claim 5. It is known that anti-skid device comprising chains or formed from rubber or synthetic resin have been in use for preventing the slippage of the pneumatic tires of automotive vehicles that would be caused when running on snow-covered, ice-covered or sand-scattered roads. It is also known that the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 18308/1987 discloses a chain attachment and detachment device that allows a driver to attach and detach chains to and from the pneumatic tires of his/her automotive vehicle while he/she remains in the driver's seat. However, it has been found that it takes a lot of time and labor to mount and dismount the above-mentioned anti-skid devices comprising chains or formed from rubber or synthetic resin. With the anti-skid device of the latter type, the chain attachment and detachment device, although the driver can attach and detach chain to and from the pneumatic tires of the automotive vehicle from the driver's seat, the construction of the device is complicate. We are aware of EP-A-0 056 130 which discloses an anti-skid device for use on pneumatic tires of an automobile which discloses an anti-skid device of the type forming the pre-characterising portion of Clam 1. In the specific construction disclosed in EP-A-0 056 130, the ribs comprise discrete fingers which extend radially from the supporting ring and are otherwise unconnected. According to our invention, in an anti-skid device in accordance with the pre-characterising portion of Claim 1, the anti-skid mechanism comprises a ribbed cage for co-operation with the outer surface of the tire; said mounting plate having a handle from the leading end of which confronts said insertion and fixation holes, each comprising a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion that are formed in said mounting plate, an operation frame movably received in a hollow space formed inside said handle frame in such a manner as to be biassed toward said mounting plate, and stoppers each designed to fit in said large diameter portion of said insertion and fixation hole formed in said mounting plate; whereby with said large diameter portions being closed by means of said stoppers after the leading end portions of wheel nuts have been put through said large diameter portions so as to be then moved to said small diameter portions said mounting plate is firmly secured to said wheel via said wheel nuts, with said ribbed cage placed over the outer surface of the pneumatic tire apart from a foot print portion where the tire contacts the ground, rotation of the wheel onto the ribbed cage enabling the cage automatically to co-operate with the tire for its total circumferential length, and said large diameter portions being opened by releasing said stoppers therefrom whereby said mounting plate is dismounted from said wheel, accompanied by removal of said ribbed cage in conjunction with rotation of the wheel. Fig. 1 is a front view showing a state in which one embodiment of an anti-skid device according to the present invention is mounted on a pneumatic tire, Fig. 2 is a view as seen from the backside of Fig. 1 with a portion thereof being taken away, Fig. 3 is a side view of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Fig. 1, Fig. 5 is an enlarged side view, partially broken of Fig. 3, Fig. 6 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a part of Fig. 4, Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the components shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a part of Fig. 4, Fig. 9 is a front view, partially taken away, of a retaining mechanism showing a state in which the retaining mechanism is mounted and/or dismounted, Fig. 10 is a front view, partially taken away, of the retaining mechanism showing a state in which the same mechanism is locked, and Fig. 11 is a front view of another embodiment of the mounting plate. Referring to the drawings, embodiments of an anti-skid device according to the present invention which is intended for use on pneumatic tires of an automotive vehicle will be described. As is best seen in Figs. 1 to 3, in an anti-skid device 11 according to the present invention which is intended for use on pneumatic tires of an automatic vehicle, a supporting ring 31 is rotatably provided on the outer circumferential periphery of a supporting plate 21 which is in turn detachably mounted on a wheel 2 of a pneumatic tire 1 of an automotive vehicle. A plurality of ribs 41 each formed from a material having elastic force and toughness such as urethane elastomer are provided on the supporting ring 31 in a radial fashion, and the ribs are bent so as to extend from the outer side surface 3 of the pneumatic tire 1 toward the tread 4 thereof. A first endless band 51 and a second endless band 52 are provided on the leading-end of each of the ribs 41 in such a manner as to be located within the width of the tread 4 of the pneumatic tire 1. The wheel 2 of the automotive vehicle is, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, solidly secured to a disk (not shown) by means of wheel nuts 5 in a known manner, and in the present invention, a cap nut having an annular groove 6 formed in the leading-end thereof is used as the wheel nut 5. The mounting plate 21 is an annular disk having a through hole 22 formed at the center thereof, and this mounting plate 21 has a flange portion 23 provided on the outer circumferential periphery thereof in such a manner as to rise in a stepped fashion and insertion and fixation holes 24 equidistantly formed in the circumference thereof, the number of the insertion and fixation holes 24 corresponding to the number of the wheel nuts used. These insertion and fixation holes 24 each have a gourd shape comprising a large diameter portion 25 and a small diameter portion 26. The large diameter portion 25 allows the passage of the leading-end portion 7 of the wheel nut 5, while the small diameter portion 26 does not allow the passage of the same, being designed to fit in the annular groove 6 of the wheel nut 5. A retaining mechanism 61 is provided on the outer surface of the mounting plate 21. This retaining mechanism 61 comprises a handle frame 64 constituted by a grip section 62 and leg sections 63, and an operation frame 65. This handle frame 64 is hollow and made open on one side thereof, whereby the operation frame 65 is movable received therein along the leg sections 63. A stopper 66, which is designed to fit in the large diameter portion 25, is provided on each end of the operation frame 65, and a coil sprig 67 is provided in each of the leg sections 63 so that the operation frame 65 is biassed to project from the open ends of the leg section 63. This retaining mechanism 61 is mounted on the outer surface of the mounting plate 21 such that the stoppers 66 fit in the large diameter portions 25 of the two diametrically confronted insertion and fixation holes 24. In this construction, in a normal state, since the operation frame 65 is biassed by virtue of the biassing force exerted by the two coil springs 67 from the inside of the handle frame 64 toward the mounting plate 21, the respective stoppers 66 fit in the associated large diameter portions 25 of the insertion and fixation holes 24 to close the same (refer to the upper half portion of Fig, 6). However, when grasping the operation frame 65 so as to slide it into the handle frame 64, the stoppers 66 are moved out of the large diameter portions 25 of the insertion and fixation holes 24, whereby the large diameter portions are opened (refer to the lower half portion of Fig. 6). Each leg section 63 of the handle frame 64 has at the open leading-end portion thereof a base frame portion 68 the front side of which is made open, and these base frame portions 68 cover the associated insertion and fixation holes 24 when the retaining mechanism 61 is properly mounted on the outer surface of the mounting plate 21. The supporting ring 31 may be a plate-like ring formed from a rigid synthetic resin or metal. As is shown in Figs. 5 and 6, an annular groove 32 is formed in the inner circumferential periphery of the supporting ring 31 so that the flange portion 23 of the mounting plate 21 is loosely counted therein, and a plurality of mounting machine screws 33 are exchangeably planted in the outer circumferential periphery of the supporting ring 31. As is shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the thin batten-like ribs 41 formed from a material having elastic force and toughness such as urethane elastomer are secured by means of the respective mounting machine screws 33 at the proximal ends thereof and are allowed to extend in a radial fashion, and as shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the first and second endless bands 51, 52 are provided on the leading-end portions of the respective ribs 41. similarly to the ribs 41, these first and second bands 51, 52 are also formed into a batten shape from a material having elastic force and toughness such as urethane elastomer, and they are located within the width of the tread 4 of the pneumatic tire 1. Thus, each rib 41 extends along the outer side surface 3 of the pneumatic tire 1 and is bent such that it further extends from the outer side surface 3 over the tread 4, and the first and second bands 51, 52 are placed such as to extend along the outer circumferential surface of the tread 4. According to the present invention, each rib 41 intersects the first and second bands 51, 52 at the leading-end thereof, where the rib and the bands are secured to each other, and a rivet 53 is secured to the outer surface of such secured portions. In addition, a sleeper member 54 equal to the rib 41 in thickness is provided on the outer surface of the respective bands 51, 52 at an intermediate position thereof between the adjacent ribs 41 that intersect the two bands, and a rivet 53' is provided only on the outer surfaces of the respective sleeper members 54 provided on the second band 52 that is located closer to the mounting plate 21 than the first band 51 (the outer side relative to the pneumatic tire) as a prevention means for preventing the occurrence of imbalance of the degree of stretch between the first and second bands 51, 52 when running the automotive vehicle. The above sleeper members may be formed from a urethane elastomer as used for the ribs and bands. Thus, the ribs 41 and sleeper members 54 having substantially the same thickness are provided on the outer surfaces of the two bands 51, 52 to be secured thereto in an alternate fashion, and with the first band 51 the rivets 53 are provided only on the portions where the band 51 intersects the ribs 41, while with the second band 52 the rivets 53, 53' are provided not only on the portions where the band 52 intersects the ribs 41 but also on the sleeper member 54, and this results in the fact that a greater number of rivets are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the second band 52 than on that of the first band 51. In order to mount the anti-skid device 11 according to the present invention on the pneumatic tire 1, the mounting plate 21 is placed to confront the wheel 2 with the grip section 62 of the handle frame 64 of the retaining mechanism 61 being grasped so as to allow the operation frame 65 to slide thereinto so that the respective stoppers 66 are moved from the open end side of the leg sections 63 toward the inside thereof (the lower half portion of Fig. 6). Then, the respective insertion and fixation holes 24 are arranged so as to confront the leading-end portions 7 of the wheel nuts 5, and after the leading-end portions 7 have been put through the large diameter portions 25 (Fig. 9), the mounting plate 21 is rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in the drawing by means of the holder frame 64 so that the annular grooves 6 of the respective wheel nuts 5 (refer to Fig. 7) fit in the smaller diameter portions 26 (Fig. 10), and the operation frame 65 is then released so that the stoppers 66 fit in the large diameter portions 25 by virtue of the biassing force of the coil springs 67 (the upper half portions of Fig. 6). Thus, the large diameter portions 25 are closed in a state in which the annular grooves 6 fit in the small diameter portions 26, and this prevents the detachment of the mounting plate 21 from the wheel nuts 5, whereby the anti-skid device 11 is firmly held to the wheel 2. In this state, although the first and second bands 51, 52 are placed on substantially the entire outer circumferential surface of the pneumatic tire 1, the first and second bands 51, 52 are not allowed to be placed on the tread 4 of the pneumatic tire 1 at the portion where the pneumatic tire 1 contacts the ground. However, when running the automotive vehicle by a distance that allows a rotation of the pneumatic tire 1, the ribs 41, first band 51 and second band 52 are then allowed to be mounted on the tread 4, whereby the first and second bands 51, 52 are mounted on the entire circumferential surface of the pneumatic tire 1. When running the automotive vehicle on a snow-covered, ice-covered or sand-scattered road in this state, therefore, since the leading-end portions of the ribs 41, the first band 51 and the second band 52 are mounted on the tread 4 of the pneumatic tire 1, any slippage of the automotive vehicle is prevented. Moreover, since the supporting ring 31 is free to rotate relative to the mounting plate 21, which is mounted on the wheel of the automotive vehicle, the ribs 41, first band 51 and second band 52 rotate based on the ground-contact resistance of the pneumatic tire when running the automotive vehicle. In this case, since the first and second bands 51, 52 are also placed on the portion where the pneumatic tire contacts the ground, there is no risk of the respective bands being subject to torsion due to the rotation of the pneumatic tire. In contrast, in order to dismount the anti-skid device from the pneumatic tire 1, an operation reverse to what has been described above is performed. In other words, the handle frame 64 of the retaining mechanism 61 is grasped so as to move the operation frame 65 (the lower half portion of Fig. 6), and when the stoppers 66 have been moved out of the large diameter portions 25 of the insertion and fixation holes 24, the mounting plate is then rotated in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in the drawing (Fig. 9) so that the annular grooves 6 of the wheel nuts 5 are moved from the small diameter portions 26 to the large diameter portions 25, where the mounting plate 21 can be pulled to be separated from the wheel 2. Thus, most of the ribs 41, and first and second bands 51, 52 are dismounted from the pneumatic tire 1 except those on the pneumatic tire 1 which is in contact with the ground. However, when slightly moving the automotive vehicle so as to change the ground-contacting portion of the pneumatic tire, the first and second bands 51, 52 can be completely dismounted from the pneumatic tire 1. Consequently, since it is very simple to mount and dismount the anti-skid device 11 of the present invention on and from the pneumatic tire, even a person who is not accustomed to the mounting and dismounting operation of an anti-skid device can easily accomplish the mounting and dismounting operation. While running the automotive vehicle, the two bands 51, 52 are not in tight contact with the tread 4 of the pneumatic tire 1 along the entire circumferential surface thereof. The tread 4 of the pneumatic tire 1, the first and second bands 51, 52 and the ground are brought into press contact with each other only at the underside of the pneumatic tire where it contacts the ground, and as the pneumatic tire rotates, the two bands 51, 52 rotate while following the rotating pneumatic tire due to the press contacting force and the ground-contacting resistance. Therefore, when the automotive vehicle is driven on a straight road, there is little difference in force exerted on the two bands 51, 52. However, in a case, for example, where the automotive vehicle makes a right turn or a left turn, a greater force is exerted on the first band 51 provided or the inner side of the tread of the pneumatic tire than on the second band 52 due to the inner or outer wheel difference, whereby there is a possibility that the first band is stretched longer than the second band. The same thing takes place due to the contacting condition between the pneumatic tire and the road surface in a case where the automotive vehicle is abruptly started or brought to a halt. In order to cope with this, more rivets are provided on the second band 52 by the number equal to that of the rivets 53' provided thereon than on the first band 51 as prevention means for preventing the occurrence of imbalance of the degree of stretch between the first and second bands 51, 52. With this construction, when driving the automotive vehicle along curves, the ground-contacting resistance applied to the second band 52 is increased, and this makes the stretching force applied to the second band 52 greater than that applied to the first band 51, whereby the stretching force applied to the two bands are eventually balanced at a substantially equal level, thereby making it possible to prevent the detachment of the bands from the pneumatic tire, as well as the distortion and torsion thereof. In another embodiment shown in Fig. 8, reinforcing fibrous wire embedded in the bands are used as a prevention means for preventing the occurrence of imbalance of the degree of stretch between the first band 51 and the second band 52, and reinforcing fibrous wires embedded in the first band 51 are constituted by a material having less stretchability than that of a material constituting reinforcing fibrous wires embedded in the second band 52. It is general that in order to manufacture synthetic resin products requiring extremely high strength fibrous yarns, fibrous wires and so forth are embedded in products while forming the same. In the anti-skid device according to the present invention, since a greater stretching force is exerted on the first band 51 provided on the inner side than the second band 52 provided on the outer side when the automotive vehicle makes a right turn or a left turn, or when it is abruptly started or brought to a halt, reinforcing fibrous wires 55 to be embedded in the first band 51 should have a stretchability lower than that of reinforcing fibrous wires 56 to be embedded in the second band 52. With this construction, even when a greater stretching force is exerted on the first band 51, the reinforcing fibrous wires 55 can serve to suppress the stretch of the band that would be otherwise caused by the greater stretching force, thereby making it possible to balance the stretching force exerted on the second band 52. Thus, the reinforcing fibrous wires embedded in the bands can serve as a prevention means for preventing the occurrence of imbalance of the degree of stretch between the first and second bands by properly selecting materials for the reinforcing fibrous wires from a stretch-properties point of view. Fig. 11 shows another embodiment of the mounting plate 21 according to the present invention, wherein stoppers 66' each rotatably supported at one end thereof are provided so as to face, respectively, the two diametrically confronted insertion and fixation holes 24 of the mounting plate 21. This stopper 66' is formed into a flat plate and has on one side edge thereof an operation piece 66a outwardly protecting therefrom, and the stopper 66' is rotated by means of this operation piece 66a between two positions where the leading-end portion 66b thereof, which is not supported, is kept out of the large diameter portion 25 of the insertion and fixation hole 24, leaving the same portion open (solid-lined portions in Fig. 11) and where the leading-end portion 66b closes the large diameter portion 25 (dot-lined portions in Fig. 11). In this construction, in a state in which the stoppers 66' are kept out of the large diameter portions 25, leaving the same portions open, the annular grooves 6 of the respective wheel nuts 5 are moved from the large diameter portions 25 of the insertion and fixation holes 24 to the small diameter portions 26 thereof so as to fit therein, and afterwards the stoppers 66'are rotated so as to close the large diameter portions 25, whereby the mounting plate 21 is firmly secured to the wheel of the automotive vehicle via the wheel nuts 5. In contrast, the stoppers 66' are rotated so as to open the large diameter portions 25 of the insertion and fixation holes 24 in a state in which the mounting plate 21 is supported on the wheel, whereby the mounting plate 21 is dismounted from the respective wheel nuts 5 only by rotating the same plate. In the above construction, although the stoppers 66' may be arranged so as to confront the respective insertion and fixation holes of the mounting plate 21, it is possible to firmly secure the mounting plate 21 to the wheel 2 by providing only two stoppers 66' for the diametrically confronted insertion and fixation holes. It is noted that in Fig. 11 like reference numerals are imparted to like constituent components that have already been described in the previous embodiments, and that therefore a description of those constituent components is omitted.

Claims: An anti-skid device for use on pneumatic tires of an automotive vehicle, comprising: a supporting ring (31) rotatably provided on the outer circumferential periphery of a mounting plate (21) that is detachably mounted on the wheel portion of said automotive vehicle; and anti-skid mechanism (41, 51, 52) provided on said supporting ring (31), and a retaining mechanism provided on the outer surface; characterised in that: the anti-skid mechanism comprises a ribbed cage for co-operation with the outer surface of the tire; said mounting plate (21) having a handle (64) from the leading end of which confronts said insertion and fixation holes (24), each comprising a large diameter portion (25) and a small diameter portion (26) that are formed in said mounting plate (21), an operation frame (65) movably received in a hollow space formed inside said handle frame (64) in such a manner as to be biassed toward said mounting plate (21), and stoppers (66) each designed to fit in said large diameter portion (25) of said insertion and fixation hole (24) formed in said mounting plate (21); whereby with said large diameter portions (25) being closed by means of said stoppers (66) after the leading-end portions (7) of wheel nuts (5) have been put through said large diameter portions (25) so as to be then moved to said small diameter portions (26) said mounting plate (21) is firmly secured to said wheel (1) via said wheel nuts (5), with said ribbed cage placed over the outer surface of the pneumatic tire apart from a foot print portion where the tire contacts the ground, rotation of the wheel onto the ribbed cage enabling the cage automatically to cooperate with the tire for its total circumferential length, and said large diameter portions (25) being opened by releasing said stoppers (66) therefrom whereby said mounting plate (21) is dismounted from said wheel (1), accompanied by removal of said ribbed cage in conjunction with rotation of the wheel.

Inventors: KOSHI MASAKI, NEMOTO KOUJI, WATANABE AKIHIKO, YAMADA SHOUJI, KOSHI, MASAKI, NEMOTO, KOUJI, WATANABE, AKIHIKO, YAMADA, SHOUJI
Applicants: KOSHI MASAKI, SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, KOSHI, MASAKI, SUMITOMO WIRING SYSTEMS, LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B60C27
IPC codes: B60C27