Zirconium based alloy material for light water reactor applications

Abstract: This is an alloy comprising, by weight percent, 0.5-2.0 niobium, 0.7-1.5 tin, 0.07-0.14 iron, and 0.03-­ 0.14 of at least one of nickel and chromium, and at least 0.12 total of iron, nickel and chromium, and up to 220 ppm C, and the balance essentially zirconium. Preferably, the alloy contains 0.03-0.08 chromium, and 0.03-0.08 nickel. The alloy is also preferably subjected intermediate recrystallization anneals at a temperature of about 1200-­ 1300°F, and to a beta quench two steps prior to final size.

Description: The present invention relates to a zirconium based alloy material having a composition range for improved corrosion resistance. In the development of nuclear reactors, such as pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, fuel designs impose significantly increased demands on all of the core components, such as cladding, grids, guide tubes, and the like. Such components are conventionally fabricated from the zirconium-based alloys, Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4. Increased demands on such components will be in the form of longer required residence times and thinner structural members, both of which cause potential corrosion and/or hydriding problems. These increased demands have prompted the development of alloys that have improved corrosion and hydriding resistance, as well as fabricability and mechanical properties that are typical of the conventional Zircaloys. One such class of materials are the zirconium alloys containing zirconium, niobium, tin, and a third alloying element, for example, a zirconium alloy containing 1 percent by weight niobium, 1 percent by weight tin, and usually at least 0.15 percent by weight iron. Alloys of zirconium, niobium, tin and iron which have been proposed include those of Castaldelli et al. ("Long-term Test Results of Promising New Zirconium Alloys," Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry , 5th Conference, ASTM STP 754, 1982, pages 105-126) who tested a zirconium 1Nb-1Sn-0.5 Fe alloy and mention a zirconium 1Nb-1Sn alloy with 0.15-0.20 Fe. Another alloy, which is known as Ozhennite 0.5, comprises 0.18-0.22 wt.% Sn, 0.09-0.11 wt.% Nb, 0.09-0.11 wt.% Fe, and 0.09-0.11 wt.% Ni, all alloyed with Zr. U. S. Patent 4,649,023, issued March 10, 1987 (hereinafter "the ZIRLO patent") is a composition and process patent, generally covering a composition range of 0.5-2.0 w/o (weight percent) Nb, 0.9-1.5 w/o Sn, 0.09-0.11 w/o of a third element selected from Fe, Cr, Mo, V, Cu, Ni or W, and generally with annealing temperatures between cold working stages in the range of 500 - 650°C. This invention provides a ZIRLO-type material with a composition having more total iron, chromium, and nickel than ZIRLO, and this composition comprises, by weight percent, 0.5-2.0 niobium, 0.7-1.5 tin, 0.07-0.14 iron, and 0.03-0.14 of at least one of nickel and chromium, and at least 0.12 total of iron, nickel and chromium, and up to 220 ppm C, and the balance zirconium and unavoidable impurities. Preferably, the alloy contains 0.03-0.08 chromium, and 0.03-0.08 nickel. The alloy may be processed according to the method of claim 8 The material exhibits similar corrosion resistance to the ZIRLO composition claimed in the ZIRLO patent, but is more economically produced than ZIRLO as it allows Zircaloy recycle and provides a more easily controlled composition, while maintaining the similar corrosion resistance. The invention as set forth in the claims will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: The sole figure schematically outlines the processing sequence. Preferred embodiments are given in the dependent claims In one embodiment it contains 0.08-0.12 w/o Fe, 300-800 ppm Cr, 300-800 ppm Ni, and 50-220 ppm C (Cr + Ni in the range of 600 to 1200 ppm). The material exhibits similar corrosion resistance relative to ZIRLO material with the composition claimed in the ZIRLO patent. The composition provides for recycling of significant proportions of zircaloy material. The processing sequence used during the experiments for strip material is schematically outlined in the Figure. The strip material processing method is similar to the tube processing described in the ZIRLO patent. Table 1 presents the long term corrosion results for tubing, including tubing which received a beta-quenched two sizes prior to final size. The beta-quench resulted in a slight reduction in the post-transition corrosion rate. Corrosion Improvement Due to Beta-Quenching the Tubeshells During Tube Reduction Two Steps Prior to Final Size. Beta-Quench Intermediate Anneal Temperature 750°F Post-Transition Corrosion Rate (mg/dm²-day (°C) (°F) No 595 1100 1.03 Yes 595 1100 0.92 No 635 1170 1.01 Yes 635 1170 0.90 The TREX may be reduced to final size tubing by 3, 4 or 5 reductions. Several tubeshell reduction sequences which have been successfully used are listed in Table 2. The extrusion preferably receives a post-extrusion anneal at about 595°C (1100°F) (in the alpha phase region). The intermediate anneal temperature of the specimen generally was 595°C (1100°F), however, as noted below, intermediate recrystallization anneals at a temperature of about 650-705°C (1200-1300°F) are preferred for corrosion resistance especially for boiling water reactors. The alloy is also preferably subjected to a late stage beta-quench, again to improve corrosion resistance. While, as noted, some improvement in corrosion resistance may be obtained by performing a beta-quench on the tubeshell during the late stage of the reduction process, it should be also be noted that the thermal creep secondary rate is moderately increased by beta-quenching. As noted in the aforementioned co-filed application, a decrease in the area reduction and/or an increase in the intermediate anneal temperature could be used with late stage beta-quenched ZIRLO, to lower secondary thermal creep down to, for example, 1.68 x 10-5/h. EXAMPLE I A series of ZIRLO ingots, prepared using sponge zirconium, were melted with C, Cr and Ni additions to determine the effect of such elements on ZIRLO corrosion. The ingot compositions are listed in Table 3. The specimen labeled ZL generally represents ZIRLO, the specimen labeled ZLC generally represents ZIRLO plus carbon, the specimen labeled ZL4 generally represents material of the invention, as might be produced by including about 50% recycled Zircaloy-4, and the specimen labeled ZL2 generally represents material of the invention, as might be produced by including about 50% recycled Zircaloy-2. The ingots were processed to 1,5 mm (0,060 inch) thick strip using a fabrication method that simulates tube production. The tests included 400°C (750°F) steam corrosion, 360°C (680°F), 70 ppm lithiated water (these tests are thought to be especially applicable to pressurized water reactor usage and results are given in Table 4) and 520°C steam corrosion (which test is thought to be especially applicable to boiling water reactor usage and results are given in Table 5). The corrosion test weight gain results presented in Tables 4 and 5 are in mg/dm². ZIRLO strip material was also processed with intermediate anneal temperatures of 595, 675 and 735°C (1100, 1250 and 1350°F). Tables 4 and 5 also includes corrosion results for specimen ZL-A and ZL-B, which are of the same composition as ZL, but received an intermediate anneal temperature (IAT) of 675°C (1250°F) and 735°C (1350°F) respectively, instead of the 595°C (1100°F) IAT of specimen ZL. The 400°C and 520°C steam corrosion (as indicated by weight gain) was reduced, especially by the 675°C (1250°F) IAT. Thus the alloy is preferably subjected intermediate recrystallization anneals at a temperature of about 650-705°C (1200-1300°F), (as well as to a beta quench two steps prior to final size). Ingot Chemistry of ZIRLO Strip Processed to Simulate Zircaloy Recycle. Nb (w/o) Sn (w/0) Fe (w/o) Cr (ppm) Ni (ppm) C (ppm) ZL 1.044 1.01 0.109 118 <40 117 ZLC 1.023 0.96 0.104 290 <35 182 ZL4 1.040 0.98 0.106 645 <35 201 ZL2 1.034 0.98 0.105 620 299 190 It can be seen from the behavior of specimen ZLC in 400°C and 520°C steam and in 360°C water with 70 ppm lithium that carbon does not increase the corrosion, and thus up to 220 ppm of carbon is allowed in the alloy of the invention. It should be noted that white nodular corrosion was not observed in any specimen despite the long test time at 520°C. This, together with the low weight gains, means that all alloys are very corrosion resistant in boiling water reactor conditions. The behavior of samples ZL and ZLC show that the addition of chromium from about 120 to 290 ppm does not increase 400°C to 520°C steam corrosion. The behavior of samples ZLC and ZL4 shows that the addition of chromium from about 290 to 645 ppm increases 400°C and 520°C steam corrosion. The behavior of samples ZL4 and ZL2 shows that the addition of nickel decreases 400°C and 520°C steam corrosion. Note that the additions of chromium and nickel did not increase the 360°C water with 70 ppm lithium corrosion. The ZIRLO alloy of this invention, with the aforementioned process modifications, can probably be even better than the ZIRLO as processed in the aforementioned ZIRLO patent. Most importantly, however, the ZIRLO alloy of this invention has corrosion resistance essentially at least as good as ZIRLO while being more economically produced, as it allows Zircaloy recycle. It is also more economically produced, due to the fact that it has wider compositional ranges. The behavior of samples ZLC and ZL4 shows that the addition of chromium from about 290 to 645 ppm increases 400°C and 520°C steam corrosion. The behavior of samples ZL4 and ZL2 shows that the addition of nickel decreases 400°C and 520°C steam corrosion.

Claims: A zirconium based alloy comprising, by weight percent, 0.5-2.0 niobium, 0.7-1.5 tin, 0.07-0.14 iron, and 0.03-0.14 of at least one of nickel and chromium, and at least 0.12 total of iron, nickel and chromium, and up to 220 ppm C, and the balance zirconium and unavoidable impurities. The alloy of claim 1. wherein said alloy contains by weight percent, 0.03-0.08 chromium, and 0.03-0.08 nickel. The alloy of claim 1. wherein said alloy contains by weight percent, at least 0.0250 chromium and at least 0.0075 nickel. The alloy of claim 1. wherein said alloy contains by weight percent, at least 0.0075 chromium and at least 0.0250 nickel. The alloy of claim 1. wherein said alloy contains by weight percent, at least 0.0150 carbon. The alloy of claim 1, wherein said alloy contains by weight percent, 0.030-0.045 chromium and 0.040-0.080 nickel. The alloy of claim 1, wherein said alloy contains 0.08-0.12 weight percent Fe, 300-800 ppm Cr, 300-800 ppm Ni, 50-220 ppm C, and 600 to 1200 ppm of Cr + Ni. A method for processing a zirconium based alloy wherein zirconium is alloyed and the alloy is subjected to a post extrusion anneal, a series of an intermediate area reductions and intermediate recrystallization anneals, with one of the intermediate recrystallization anneals possibly being a late stage beta-quench, and a final anneal; the method comprising: alloying zirconium to produce an alloy containing by weight percent, 0.5-2.0 niobium, 0.7-1.5 tin, 0.07-0.14 iron, and 0.03-0.14 of at least one of nickel and chromium, and at least 0.12 toatal of iron, nickel and chromium, and up to 220 ppm C, and the balance zirconium and unavoidable impurities, and subjecting said alloy to intermediate recrystallization anneals at a temperature of about 650-705°C (1200-1300°F). The method of claim 8, wherein said alloy is subjected to a late stage beta-quench.

Inventors: COMSTOCK ROBERT JOHN, FOSTER JOHN PAUL, SABOL GEORGE PAUL, WORCESTER SAMUEL AUSTIN, COMSTOCK, ROBERT JOHN, FOSTER, JOHN PAUL, SABOL, GEORGE PAUL, WORCESTER, SAMUEL AUSTIN
Applicants: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP, WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C22C16
IPC codes: C22F1, C22C16, G21C3