CAPACITY CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR VARIABLE CAPACITY PUMP

Abstract: A capacity control circuit for a variable capacity pump, which circuit is capable of increasing or decreasing the capacity of said pump depending on high or low number of revolutions of an engine to drive said pump above or below a capacity determined on the basis of the difference between discharge pressure and load pressure of the pump. The capacity control circuit is provided with a rotation sensor (12) to detect the RPM of the engine (9) and such means (10, 11) as changing over a load sensing valve (5) so that a capacity regulating member (2) of the capacity variable pump (1) is set to the side to increase the capacity when a detected RPM is high whereas to the side to decrease the capacity when a detected RPM is low.

Description: The invention relates to a displacement controlling circuit system for a variable displacement pump according to the preamble of claim 1. As a system for controlling a variable displacement pump in displacement, for example as shown in Fig. 4, one so controlling as to keep a difference between a delivery pressure and a load pressure constant is known. Namely, a displacement control member 2 of a variable displacement pump 1 is actuated in a displacement reducing direction by means of a large piston 3, and actuated in a displacement increasing direction by means of a small piston 4 so that: a pressure chamber 3a of the large piston 3 is so controlled through a load sensing valve 5 as to be connected with a tank side or a delivery passage 1a; and a pressure chamber 4a of the small piston 4 is connected with the delivery passage 1a. The above-mentioned load sensing valve 5 controls the variable displacement pump 1 in displacement in a manner such that: under the influence of a pressure or delivery pressure P₁ in the delivery passage 1a of the pump 1, the load sensing valve 5 is moved into a first position I in which the pressure chamber 3a of the large piston 3 communicates with the delivery passage 1a, and, under the influence of a pressure or load pressure P LS in an outlet side of an operated valve 6, the load sensing valve 5 is moved into a second position in which the pressure chamber 3a communicates with a tank; and, when a difference (P₁ - P LS ) between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS increases, the pressure in the pressure chamber 3a of the large piston 3 is increased to actuate the displacement control member 2 in the displacement reducing direction so that a delivery flow rate/revolution is reduced to lower the delivery pressure P₁, and when the difference (P₁ - P LS ) between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS decreases, the pressure in the pressure chamber 3a of the large piston 3 is reduced to actuate the displacement control member 2 in the displacement increasing direction so that a delivery flow rate/revolution is increased to increase the delivery pressure P₁, whereby the variable displacement pump 1 is controlled in displacement so as to keep always the difference (P₁ - P LS ) between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS constant. In Fig. 4: 7 is a pressure compensating valve; and 8 is a shuttle valve for detecting a higher load pressure which is detected by the shuttle valve 8 when a plurality of the operated valves 6 are simultaneously operated, the pressure being adapted to act on the above-mentioned load sensing valve 5 and each of the pressure compensating valves 7. In such displacement control system: since the difference between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS is controlled so as to be constant, a delivery flow rate/unit time does not vary even when an engine 9 varies in rate of revolution, provided that the operated valves 6 are kept constant in opening. For example, when the rate of revolution of the engine 9 decreases to cause the variable displacement pump 1 to be decreased in rate of revolution and in delivery flow rate/unit time, the difference between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS decreases so that the displacement control member 2 is actuated in the displacement increasing direction by means of the small piston 4 so as to increase the delivery flow rate/revolution and the delivery flow rate/unit time, whereby the difference between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS is kept constant, and, therefore the delivery flow rate/unit time does not vary even when the rate of revolution of the engine 9 varies. For example, in a condition in which the operated valves are opened to the maximums, it is kept constant as shown in Fig. 5 with A. As a result, for example, when it is applied to a hydraulic circuit for a work unit of a construction machine, since a flow rate delivered to an actuator for the work unit is kept constant to keep the work unit constant in working speed even when the rate of revolution of the engine is changed in a condition in which the operated vales 6 are kept constant in openings, it is impossible for the work unit to perform its work with fine operations realizing a highly accurate work. For example, even when a power shovel is used, it is impossible to perform pipe slinging operations and normal plane finishing operations too in a pipe burying work. Concerning the prior art in general, reference is made to the JP-A 57-131891 and the WO-A 85/01326. According to this document, there is provided a pressure compensator valve delivering an output control pressure which is proportional to the square of the pump speed. The control pressure is modified in an increasing sense with the rotational speed. Therefore, the capacity of the pump will decrease when the rotational speed becomes high. In view of the above circumstances, the present invention was made, an object of which is to provide a displacement control circuit system of a variable displacement pump, which system can control the pump in displacement so as to have the displacement increase or decrease relative to a displacement determined on the basis of a difference between a delivery pressure of the pump and a load pressure in accordance with high rates or low rates of revolution of the engine which drives the variable displacement pump, in order to facilitate the pipe slinging operations and the normal plane finishing operations performed by the use of the power shovel. In order to comply with these objects, the circuit system according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1. In order to accomplish the above object, in one of aspects of the present invention, there is provided: In a displacement controlling circuit system for a variable displacement pump, comprising: a variable displacement pump driven by an engine; a large-diameter piston provided with a pressure chamber to which a delivery pressure oil of the pump is supplied, the large-diameter piston actuating a displacement control member of the pump in a displacement decreasing direction when the delivery pressure oil is supplied to its pressure chamber; a small-diameter piston provided with a pressure chamber to which a delivery pressure oil of the pump is supplied, the small-diameter piston actuating the displacement control member of the pump in a displacement increasing direction under the influence of the delivery pressure oil; and a load sensing valve which is selectively switched to a first position (in which the load sensing valve permits the pressure chamber of the large-diameter piston to communicate with a delivery passage of the pump) or a second position (in which the load sensing valve permits the pressure chamber to communicate with a tank), following a differential pressure between a pressure of the delivery pressure oil and a load pressure; the improvement wherein the displacement control circuit system is further provided with: a revolution sensor for detecting rates of revolution of the engine; and means so switching the load sensing valve as to be in the second position when the thus detected rates of revolution of the engine is high and to be in the first position when the detected rates of revolution of the engine is low. According to the present invention having the above-mentioned aspect, the load sensing valve 5 is switched to the second position II permitting communication with the tank when the engine 9 revolves at high rates, so that the displacement of the variable displacement pump 1 becomes larger than a displacement based on a difference between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS . On the other hand, when the engine 9 revolves at low rates, the load sensing valve 5 is switched to the first position I permitting communication with the pump delivery passage 1a, so that the displacement of the variable displacement pump 1 becomes smaller than a displacement based on a difference between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS . Consequently, in case that an operated valve provided in a delivery passage of the variable displacement pump 1 keeps its opening constant, it is possible to increase a difference in delivery flow rate of the variable displacement pump between a time when the engine revolves at high rates and a time when the engine revolves at low rates, which makes it possible to decrease the delivery flow rate of the variable displacement pump by reducing the rates of revolution of the engine, so that it is possible to finely operate the work machine so as to perform the work with high accuracy, and, therefore it is possible to facilitate the pipe slinging operations and the normal plane finishing operations in the pipe burying work by the use of the power shovel. The above object, additional objects, additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be clarified to those skilled in the art hereinbelow with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings illustrating preferred embodiments of the present invention according to principles of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a hydraulic circuit diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relation between the rates of revolution of the engine and the oil pressure of a modification of the pressure oil source driven by the engine; Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relation between the rates of revolution of the engine and the delivery flow rate of the variable displacement pump driven by the engine, provided that the modification shown in Fig. 2 is used; Fig. 4 is a hydraulic circuit diagram illustrating the conventional example; and Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relation between the rates of revolution of the engine and the delivery flow rate of the variable displacement pump driven by the engine in the conventional example shown in Fig. 4. Hereinbelow, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in Fig. 1, a load sensing valve 5 has a first pressure receiving portion 5₁ of its one end side subjected to a delivery pressure P₁ of a pump delivery passage 1a so as to be urged to a second position II, and has a second pressure receiving portion 5₂ and an auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10 of the other end side thereof subjected respectively to a load pressure and an oil pressure so as to be urged to a first position I. The first pressure receiving portion 5₁ is connected with the pump delivery passage 1a, and the second pressure receiving portion 5₂ is connected with an outlet side of a shuttle valve 8. The auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10 is connected with a pressure oil source 11. Incidentally, since other parts except the auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10, pressure oil source 11 and individual accompanying components thereof are similar to those of the above-mentioned conventional system (see Fig. 4), description of such other parts will be omitted. The pressure oil source 11 produces pressure oil in proportion to detected rates of revolution of an engine 9, which rates are detected by a revolution sensor 12 for detecting rates of revolution of the engine. The load sensing valve 5 controls communication between the pump delivery passage 1a and a large-diameter piston pressure receiving chamber 3a so as to permit or block-off the communication, following a differential pressure between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS + the oil pressure from the pressure oil source, i.e., urging force generated in the auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10, whereby the delivery flow rate/revolution of the variable displacement pump is so controlled as to keep the difference constant. As described above, when the engine 9 revolves at high rates, the pressure oil of the pressure oil source 11 becomes high so that the differential pressure between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS + the oil pressure acting on the auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10 decreases, whereby the load sensing valve 5 is so moved as to have the second position II in which the communication between the pump delivery passage 1a and the large-diameter piston pressure receiving chamber 3a is blocked-off so that pressure in the large-diameter piston pressure receiving portion 3a decreases to move the displacement control member 2 in the displacement increasing direction, whereby the delivery flow rate/revolution increases to increase delivery flow rate/unit time. On the other hand, when the engine 9 revolves at low rates, the pressure oil of the pressure oil source 11 becomes low pressure to decrease the auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10 thrust, so that the differential pressure between the delivery pressure P₁ and the load pressure P LS + the oil pressure acting on the auxiliary pressure receiving portion 10 increases to move the load sensing valve 5 so as to have the first position I in which the communication between the pump delivery passage 1a and the large-diameter piston pressure receiving chamber 3a is permitted to increase pressure in the large-diameter piston pressure receiving chamber 3a so that the displacement control member 2 is actuated in the displacement decreasing direction, whereby delivery flow rate/revolution decreases to decrease delivery flow rate/unit time. In addition, in a modification of the above embodiment, it is possible to have the pressure oil of the pressure oil source 11 be high in pressure in a range larger than a predetermined rate of revolution N₁ as shown in Fig. 2. Such construction makes it possible to increase the supply flow rate (which passes through the operated valve 6) in the range larger than the predetermined rate of revolution as shown in Fig. 3.

Claims: A displacement controlling circuit system for a variable displacement pump, comprising: a variable displacement pump driven by an engine; a large-diameter piston provided with a pressure chamber to which a delivery pressure oil of said pump can be supplied, said large-diameter piston actuating a displacement control member of said pump in a displacement decreasing direction when the delivery pressure oil is supplied to its pressure chamber; a small-diameter piston provided with a pressure chamber to which a delivery pressure oil of said pump is supplied, said small-diameter piston actuating said displacement control member of said pump in a displacement increasing direction under the influence of said delivery pressure oil; and a load sensing valve (5) which is selectively switched to a first position, in which said load sensing valve permits said pressure chamber of said large-diameter piston to communicate with a delivery passage of said pump, or a second position, in which said load sensing valve permits said pressure chamber to communicate with a tank, following a differential pressure between a pressure of said delivery pressure oil and a load pressure; characterised in that said displacement control circuit system is further provided with: a revolution sensor for detecting rates of revolution of said engine; and means for urging said load sensing valve towards said second position when the thus detected rates of revolution of said engine is high and releasing it towards said first position when said detected rates of revolution of said engine is low. The displacement controlling circuit system for the variable displacement pump as set forth in claim 1, wherein said load sensing valve switching means comprise: a pressure oil source (11) driven by said engine; and a conduit which leads a delivery pressure oil from said pressure oil source to an end side of said load sensing valve, on which end side said load pressure so acts as to urge said load sensing valve to have said second position.

Inventors: MORINO KENJI C O KAWASAKI FACT, MORINO, KENJI, C/O KAWASAKI FACTORY
Applicants: KOMATSU MFG CO LTD, KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOMATSU SEISAKUSHO
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F04B49
IPC codes: F01M1, F15B11, F04B49