Perylene quinones (UCN-1028 D) derivatives

Abstract: A UCN-1028D derivative represented by the formula: has protein kinase C inhibitory activity and is expected to be used as an active ingredient in anti-tumor agents, etc.

Description: The present invention relates to UCN-1028D derivatives having protein kinase C inhibitory activity and anti-tumor activity and which are useful as anti-tumor agents. As a substance having a perylenequinone skeleton and which is structurally related to the compounds of the present invention, there is known Phleichrome isolated as a plant poison from Cladosporium phlei which causes spots on pasture [Agricultural & Biological Chemistry, 39 , 1683 (1975), J. Jap. Pasture, 28 (4), 426 (1983)]. Similar substances UCN-1028A and UCN-1028C having anti-tumor and protein kinase C inhibitory activity are disclosed in European Patent Publication No. 0284358. The structural formulae of UCN-1028A and UCN-1028C are shown below. The present invention provides UCN-1028D derivatives [hereinafter referred to as Compounds (I)] represented by general formula (I): wherein Y represents with the proviso that when Y is the perylenequinone ring takes R configuration with respect to the bond between 6a and 6b, and when Y is the perylenequinone ring takes S configuration with respect to the bond between 6a and 6b. In the perylenequinone derivatives having bulky substituents at the 1- and 12-positions and at the 6- and 7-positions, the perylenequinone skeleton does not take a plane structure because of these substituents, but twists on its axis of the bonds between the 6a- and 6b-positions and the 12a- and 12b-positions. Thus, isomers are present with the perylenequinone ring. That is, UCN-1028D having the following structural formula: in which the perylenequinone ring takes S configuration on the bond between the 6a- and 6b-positions is isomerized by heating in a toluene or xylene solution to form an isomer of UCN-1028D (hereinafter referred to as UCN-1028 iso-D) represented by the following structural formula: in which the perylenequinone ring takes R configuration on the bond between the 6a- and 6b-positions. These compounds reach the equilibrium in 1 : 1. UCN-1028D and UCN-1028 iso-D can be separated from each other by thin layer chromatography or column chromatography using silica gel. UCN-1028 iso-D can be thermally isomerized into UCN-1028D under the same conditions as in the isomerization of UCN-1028D. The present invention includes UCN-1028D derivative and UCN-1028 iso-D derivative and a mixture thereof. Compounds (I) can be produced by the following steps. UCN-1028D can be obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of UCN-1028A or UCN-1028C. The hydrolysis of UCN-1028A or UCN-1028C efficiently proceeds by treating UCN-1028A or UCN-1028C with an aqueous solution of an inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate in a solvent miscible with water such as methanol, ethanol, acetone or dimethylsulfoxide at 0°C to 100°C. Compound (I-1) [Compound (I) wherein Y is and Compound (I-2) [Compound (I) wherein Y is can be prepared by Processes 1 and 2, respectively. Process 1 Compound (I-1) can be prepared by allowing UCN-1028D or UCN-1028 iso-D to react with at least 2 equivalents of a reactive derivative of carboxylic acid, for example, an acid anhydride or an acid halide such as acid chloride or acid bromide at -20 to 100°C in an organic solvent in the presence of a base. As the organic solvent, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, pyridine, etc. may be used singly or in combination. As the base, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, triethylamine, etc. may be used singly or in combination. When pyridine is used as the base, it is unnecessary to use any additional organic solvent. It is preferred that the base be used in an equimolar amount or more based on the reactive derivative of carboxylic acid. Compound (I-1) may also be prepared by allowing UCN-1028D or UCN-1028 iso-D to react with at least 2 equivalents of carboxylic acid and a condensing agent at -20 to 100°C in an organic solvent in the presence of a base. The same organic solvents and the bases as mentioned above can be used in this method. As the condensing agent, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, etc. may be used. When pyridine is used as the base, pyridine is preferably used in an equimolar amount or more based on the carboxylic acid. In the case of bases other than pyridine, it is preferred to use at least 0.05 equivalent of a base based on the carboxylic acid. In cases where the carboxylic acid used in the two methods for preparing Compound (I-1) described above is substituted with an amino group, a monoalkylamino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group or the like, these functional groups are protected with appropriate protective groups prior to the reaction and if necessary, the protective groups are removed after the reaction. As the protective group, those which are capable of being removed under weakly alkaline or acidic conditions are preferred. Details of these protective groups and the conditions for introducing and removing the same are described in Green, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , John Wiley & Sons Incorporated, 1981. For example, when the functional group is the amino group, the p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl and t-amyloxycarbonyl groups are appropriate as the protective group. Removal of the protective group can be effected by treating Compound (I-1) with at least 2 equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid at -20 to 50°C in a halogen-type organic solvent or in the absence of a solvent. Examples of the halogen-type organic solvent are chloroform, dichloromethane and dichloroethane. When the functional group is the carboxyl group, a method wherein the t-butyl group, p-methoxybenzyl group, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl group, pentamethylbenzyl group, benzhydryl group or methylthiomethyl group is used as the protective group and the protective group is removed in a similar manner as in the removal of an amino-protecting group; a method wherein the t-butyl group, p-methoxybenzyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group or tetrahydrofuranyl group is used as the protective group and the protective group is removed by the treatment with acetic acid or formic acid in aqueous tetrahydrofuran or hydrated dioxane; and the like are applicable. Further, when the functional group is the carboxyl group, an intramolecular acid anhydride may be formed from the carboxyl group and another carboxyl group which is to be used for esterification. When the functional group is the hydroxyl group, the tetrahydropyranyl, 4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, triphenylmethyl, methoxymethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethyl, t-butyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triphenylsilyl groups, etc. are appropriate as the protective group. The protective group can be removed by the treatment with an acid in the absence of a solvent or in an organic solvent miscible with water or in a mixture of such a solvent and water. Examples of the organic solvent miscible with water include methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane. Examples of the acid include formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, ion exchange resin of the sulfonic acid type, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. It is also possible to use a formyl group or trifluoroacetyl group as the protective group. In this case, the protective group can be removed by the treatment with ammonia or an inorganic alkali in an organic solvent miscible with water or in a solvent mixture of the organic solvent and water. The same organic solvents miscible with water as mentioned above can be used in such a case. As the inorganic alkali, potassium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate may be mentioned. In cases where the hydroxyl group is present on the aromatic ring of the aryl or aralkyl group, this phenolic hydroxyl group is protected using acetyl group as the protective group followed by condensation with UCN-1028D or UCN-1028 iso-D in a similar manner as described above. The protective group can be removed by the treatment with ammonia or an inorganic alkali in an organic solvent miscible with water or in a mixture of such a solvent and water. As the organic solvent miscible with water and the inorganic alkali, those which are mentioned above can be used. When the functional group is the thiol group, the p-methoxybenzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, benzoyl groups, etc. may be used as the protective group and removal of the protective group can be effected by the treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Further, when acetyl group or benzoyl group is used as the protective group, the protective group may also be removed by the treatment with ammonia or an inorganic alkali in an organic solvent miscible with water or in a mixture of such a solvent and water. As the organic solvent miscible with water and the inorganic alkali, those which are mentioned above can be used. Process 2 Compound (I-2) [Compound (I) wherein Y is can be prepared by allowing UCN-1028D or UCN-1028 iso-D to react with at least 2 equivalents of a halocarbonic acid ester such as an alkyl haloformate, an aralkyl haloformate or an aryl haloformate at -20 to 50°C in an organic solvent in the presence of a base. As the organic solvent and the base, those which are mentioned above can be used singly or in combination. Where pyridine is used as the base, it may be unnecessary to use any organic solvent. It is preferred that the base be used in an equimolar amount or more based on the halogenated formic acid ester. The intermediates and the desired compounds in the processes described above can be isolated and purified by purification methods conventionally used in organic synthetic chemistry, for example, by filtration, extraction, washing, drying, concentration, recrystallization and various kinds of chromatography. The intermediates may be used in the subsequent reaction without any particular purification. Compounds (I) sometimes exist in the form of an adduct of water or various solvents. Such adducts are also included in the present invention. Representative examples of Compounds (I) are shown in Table 1. The protein kinase C inhibitory activity and anti-tumor activity of Compounds (I) are explained below by referring to experimental examples. Experimental Example 1 Protein kinase C inhibitory activity The protein kinase C inhibitory activity was measured by the method of Kikkawa, et al . [Journal of Biological Chemistry, 257 , 13341 (1982)]. That is, 10 µl of a test solution containing a UCN-1028D derivative was added to 250 µl of a solution containing 2.5 µmoles of magnesium acetate, 50 µg of Histone Type II S (manufactured by Sigma Co., Ltd.), 20 µg of phosphatidyl serine, 0.8 µg of diolein, 25 nmoles of CaCl 2 , 5 µg of crude enzyme (partially purified from rat brain according to the method of Kikkawa, et al .) and 5 µmoles of Tris-hydrochloride buffer (pH 7.5), followed by incubation at 30°C for 3 minutes. Then, phosphorylation was initiated by addition of 1.25 nmoles of [γ- 32 P]ATP (5 to 10 x10 3 cpm/nmole), followed by incubation at 30°C for 3 minutes. The reaction was stopped by adding 25% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and the reaction solution was filtered through a cellulose acetate membrane (pore size: 0.45 µm) (manufactured by Toyo Filter Paper Co., Ltd.). After the membrane was washed four times with 5% TCA, radioactivity remaining on the membrane was measured. As a control, the same procedure as above was repeated without addition of the test solution and radioactivity was likewise measured. The concentration of the test solution showing 50% inhibition as compared with the control was expressed as IC 50 . The results are shown in Table 2. Experimental Example 2 Anti-tumor activity The anti-tumor activity was determined using BALB 3T3 cells transformed with the carcinogenic gene H-ras (hereafter referred to as BALB 3T3/H-ras). BALB 3T3/H-ras cells were suspended in a medium comprising DME medium (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and 10% fetal calf serum (hereafter referred to as medium A) to a concentration of 3.0 x 10 4 cells ml. The cell suspension thus prepared was put into wells of a 96-well microtiter plate in an amount of 0.1 ml per well. After culturing at 37°C for 20 hours in a CO 2 -incubator, 0.1 ml each of a test solution appropriately diluted with medium A was added to each well. The cells were further cultured at 37°C for 72 hours in the CO 2 -incubator and the culture supernatant was removed. After being washed once with physiological saline, the residue was treated with 0.1 ml of methanol for 10 minutes to fix the cells. Thereafter, the cells were stained with 0.1 ml of Giemsa staining solution [Giemsa staining stock solution (Merck Art 9204; manufactured by Merck Inc.) : physiological saline = 1 : 10] for 5 minutes. After the staining solution was removed, the residue was washed once with 0.2 ml of water. The pigment was extracted with 0.2 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and the absorbance at 620 nm was measured with a microplate reader. By comparing the absorbance of untreated cells with those of the cells treated with the test compound at known concentrations, the concentration of the test compound at which the growth of the cells is inhibited by 50% (IC 50 ) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2. Compound No. IC 50 (µg/ml) Protein Kinase C Inhibitory Activity BALB 3T3/H-ras Inhibitory Activity 1 0.058 0.015 2 0.025 0.52 UCN-1028D derivatives may be used as anti-tumor agents singly or together with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. For example, a UCN-1028D derivative is dissolved in a physiological saline solution or in an aqueous solution of glucose, lactose, mannitol, etc. to prepare a suitable pharmaceutical composition for injection. Alternatively, a UCN-1028D derivative or a salt thereof is freeze-dried or mixed with sodium chloride to prepare a powder for injection. The pharmaceutical composition may contain additives well known in the art of medical preparation, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, if necessary. Although the amount of the compound for dosage varies depending upon the age, condition, etc. of the patient, it is suitable to administer the compound in an amount of 0.01 to 20 mg/kg/day for mammals including human beings. Administration may be made once a day (single administration or consecutive administration) or intermittently 1 to 3 times a week or once every 2 to 3 weeks, intravenously. Oral administration is also possible in a similar dose and in a similar manner. Preparations for oral administration include tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ampoules, etc. These preparations contain pharmaceutical auxiliaries well known in the art of medical preparation. Further, intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, intrathoracic administration, etc. are also possible in a similar dose and in a similar manner. The anti-tumor compositions of the present invention are expected to be effective against leukemia, gastric cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, etc. in mammals including human beings. Certain specific embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by the following examples. Example 1 Preparation of 14,17-bis-O-phenyloxycarbonyl UCN-1028D (Compound 1) UCN-1028D (54.3 mg) was dissolved in 2.0 ml of dichloromethane and 0.2 ml of pyridine. With stirring under ice cooling, 20 µl of phenyl chloroformate was added to the solution 3 times at 30-minute intervals, and after further 15 minutes, 10 µl of phenyl chloroformate was added. The reaction was continued for further one hour. The reaction mixture was treated and purified by silica gel thin layer chromatography by loading it on a silica gel thin layer chromatography plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm (20 cm x 20 cm) and developed with chloroform-methanol (100 : 2). The part of the silica gel on which a band of the main product was formed was scraped out and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was concentrated to give 68.0 mg (87%) of Compound 1. Melting point: 221 - 224°C IR (KBr) νmax (cm -1 ): 3000, 2970, 2930, 2850, 1750, 1605, 1520, 1490, 1455, 1420, 1340, 1255, 1210, 1155, 1115, 1105, 1075, 1055, 1025, 990, 965, 920, 770, 715, 695, 670, 650, 630 1 H-NMR (100MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 14.48(2H, s), 6.40-7.60(10H, m), 6.34(2H, s), 4.60-5.00(2H, m), 4.28 (6H, s), 3.73(6H, s), 3.66(2H, dd, J=3, 13Hz), 3.12(2H, dd, J=10, 13Hz), 1.21(6H, d, J=7Hz) Example 2 Preparation of 14,17-di-O-benzoyl UCN-1028 iso-D (Compound 2) In 2.0 ml of dichloromethane and 0.2 ml of pyridine was dissolved 19.6 mg of UCN-1028 iso-D obtained in Reference Example 1. With stirring under ice cooling, 20 µl of benzoyl chloride was added to the solution, and after one hour, 20 µl of benzoyl chloride was further added. The reaction was continued for further 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was treated and purified by silica gel thin layer chromatography in a similar manner as in Example 1 to give 24.1 mg (89%) of Compound 2. Melting point: 105 - 108°C IR (KBr) νmax (cm -1 ): 2980, 2930, 2850, 1705, 1605, 1540, 1450, 1270, 1205, 1155, 1140, 1105, 1095, 1065, 1020, 990, 960, 910, 835, 705 1 H-NMR (100MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ (ppm): 14.40(2H, s), 7.10-7.70(10H, m), 6.35(2H, s), 4.90-5.30(2H, m), 4.32 (6H, s), 4.02(6H, s), 3.76(2H, dd, J=4, 13Hz), 3.50(2H, dd, J=10, 13Hz), 0.66(6H, d, J=7Hz) Reference Example 1 Preparation of UCN-1028 iso-D In an atmosphere of argon, 1.004 g of UCN-1028D was heated under reflux in 200 ml of xylene for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was loaded on silica gel thin layer chromatography plates (3 sheets) having a thickness of 2 mm (20 cm x 20 cm) and developed with chloroform-methanol (10 : 1). The part of the silica gel on which a band of the main product below the band of UCN-1028D was formed was scraped out and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was concentrated to give 501 mg (49.9%) of the Compound UCN-1028 iso-D. Melting point: 221 - 224°C IR (KBr) νmax (cm -1 ): 3430(br), 2970, 2930, 2850, 1605, 1525, 1450, 1405, 1340, 1270, 1230, 1215, 1155, 1105, 1075, 1040, 990, 980, 930, 835, 680, 650 1 H-NMR [100MHz, CDCl 3 -CD 3 OD (10 :1)] δ (ppm): 6.60(2H, s), 4.22(6H, s), 4.10(6H, s), 3.71(2H, dd, J=5, 13Hz), 3.55(2H, m), 2.94(2H, dd, J=8, 13Hz), 0.30(6H, d, J=7Hz)

Claims: A UCN-1028D derivative represented by the general formula: wherein Y represents with the proviso that when Y is the perylenequinone ring takes R configuration with respect to the bond between 6a and 6b, and when Y is the perylenequinone ring takes S configuration with respect to the bond between 6a and 6b. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and, as an active ingredient, an effective amount of the UCN-1028D derivative defined in Claim 1. A compound according to Claim 1 for use as a medicament. Use of a compound according to Claim 1 or of a composition according to Claim 2 for the manufacture of a medicament having anti-tumor activity.

Inventors: KISHI TERUO, SAITO HIROMITSU, SANO HIROSHI, TAKAHASHI ISAMI, TAMAOKI TATSUYA, KISHI, TERUO, SAITO, HIROMITSU, SANO, HIROSHI, TAKAHASHI, ISAMI, TAMAOKI, TATSUYA
Applicants: KYOWA HAKKO KOGYO KK, KYOWA HAKKO KOGYO CO., LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C07C69
IPC codes: C07C50, C07D213, C07C69, C07D307, C07D207, C07C205, C07D241