Composition that protects dyed hair from fading

Abstract: A method of treating dyed hair to reduce the color loss caused by exposure to the ultraviolet rays of the sun by applying an effective amount of a hair treating formulation containing of an effective amount of a water insoluble benzophenone compound that combines readily with a hair substantive carrier composition.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method of treating hair to reduce the color loss caused by the exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun by applying an effective amount of a shampoo which contains 0.1-5.0% of a water insoluble benzophenone compound which combines readily with a hair substantive carrier composition, as the essential ingredient of the formulation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a method of treating dyed hair to prevent color loss from exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun by applying an effective amount of a hair treating formulation that contains about 0.1-5% of a water insoluble benzophenone compound that combines readily with a hair substantive carrier composition. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The main coloring component of hair is a dark pigment melanin, which occurs as granules embedded in the hair cortex. It is a common practice in the beauty parlor industry to treat the hair with a decolorizing agent such as peroxide and thereafter to add a dye to the hair to change color thereof. In addition the color of the hair decreases with age and it is common practice to restore the original color of the hair by applying dyes thereto. Current rinse off hair products such as shampoos and rinse conditioners give virtually no protection against the fading of dyed hair, caused by the sun because the ultraviolet absorbers are water soluble. Commercially available shampoos containing octyl dimethyl paraaminobenzoic acid and ethylcetearyl dimonium tosylate had been found ineffective even though they are sold as shampoos that protect the hair from the ultraviolet rays from the sun. (dimonium = dimethylammonium ) U.S. Patent 2,876,210 to Wynn discloses certain benzophenone compounds as ultraviolet absorbents. The compounds are disclosed as components of perfume, aftershave lotion and lotions for applying to the skin to protect against the ultraviolet rays of the sun. European Patent Application 251,398 to Sabatelli relate to chromophore containing compounds useful sunscreen agents that have the ability to absorb both UVA and UVB wavelength radiation. GB-A-2 215 602 discloses a shampoo comprising 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulphonic acid for preserving the mechanical properties of the hair, namely their elasticity, against the deleterious effect of light. US-A-4 840 788 discloses a nonalcoholic sunscreen gel formulation and not a shampoo. The application of a gel requires an extra procedure in addition to the regular hair washing routine, thus being not as convenient as the method of the present invention. Further, in US-A-4 567 038 a sunscreen composition for hair protection is used comprising a mousse, not a shampoo. It is expressively stated that shampoos do not provide protection against bleaching of the hair by ultraviolet radiation. EP-A-0 386 898 (state of the art under Article 54(3) EPC) discloses a shampoo composition comprising an anionic surfactant, a water-insoluble sunscreen, or mixtures thereof, and a cationic derivative of a polygalactomannan gum. Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is mentioned as a preferred sunscreen. Shampoos containing a cationic derivative of polygalactomannan gum are expressively excluded from claim 1 of this patent. The problem to which the invention provides a solution is to reduce the color loss in dyed hair due to exposure to the UV rays of the sun. The problem is solved by the method of treating dyed hair according to claim 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION There are numerous types of shampoos, on the highly segmented U.S. shampoo market. Among those are shampoos for normal, dry, and oily hair, types for fine, permed or damaged hair, and others that claim extra or mild cleansing. Then there are therapeutic types for dandruff, seborrhea and psoriasis control. Numerous special additives are advertised some are functional but others do not appear to be documentable. Another important segmented amount is concerned with sun damaged hair and hair color loss. We have found that natural hair color is much more resistent to fading or change due to sunlight as simulated in a solar light simulator (Fadeometer). When it does occur it takes much longer in the environment that can be usefully simulated in the laboratory. We therefore developed a test that facilitates more rapid conditions to make relative comparisons and evaluations. We found that hair colorant when added to natural wool swatches gave satisfactory results in a laboratory color fading test. A test was developed which exposes dyed wool challis swatches treated with UV absorbers or washed with shampoo etc using a fadeometer to check on the percentage of color loss. Wool was selected because it nearly resembles the protein composition of human hair. Our investigation was carried out in three phases. In the first phase ultraviolet absorbers were screened and benzophenone 2 (2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone) was selected as the most desirable additive for shampoo. In the second phase of our investigation the hair substantive carrier compositions were investigated. The third phase of our investigation relates to prior formulations. The wool swatch method was used in our evaluations. This method measures the percent reduction of color fading for ultraviolet absorbers in products containing them such as shampoos, conditioners, hair dressing and other products which can be sprayed, thinly applied or washed onto the wool swatches. The wool swatches having a dimension of 7.62 cm x 22.86 cm (3" x 9") are used using permanant hair coloring applied according to the package directions. The dye sold under the tradename Performing Preference by Loreal (Fancoises Sunset Flame Permanent Dye) was used in each of the tests. The swatches were taped onto a smooth vertically held board of plexiglass. A piece of non-penetreatable material such as a metal plate or cardboard is placed over the areas that are not to be exposed. An area approximately 6.35 cm (2½") long was sprayed to saturation with an ultraviolet absorber solution. The swatches were hung to dry and initial Rd, a, b color values were taken using a Gardner Reflectometer. The sunscreen solution was prepared by dissolving 1 gram of the ultraviolet absorber in 99 grams of SD40 alcohol. The solution was placed in a spray bottle for application to the swatches. In case of product evaluation the area used for the evaluation was washed carefully and rinsed twice with shampoo or once with conditioner. The swatches are normally cut into two portions and an area contained the conditioner washed separately dried and then the swatches are rejoined. The products other than shampoos such as leave on liquid products can be applied lightly with a brush. In exposing the swatches to a Fadeometer the swatches are secured to a revolving frame of the Fadeometer, using a single swatch holder and are attached to a wire mesh screen wire with clips. The unexposed area is covered on both sides with aluminum foil. The exposed but untreated area, the diffusion area and the treated areas are exposed to 16 hours of ultraviolet rays in the Fadeometer. The total reflectance values from the areas are retaken after exposure. Rd (total reflectance) and a and b color values are calculated separately. The total reflectance values change and are the primary basis for determining percentage reduction in color fading. "a" and "b" color values seldom change, so before and after total reflectance values were used and averaged. The total reflectance values are obtained or the untreated and treated area by subtracting before and after total reflectant values. The percent reduction in color fading is calculated using the following formula. To simplify the calculation the total reflectance is designated by Rd the Exposed untreated area is designated B, Exposed treated area is designated D. Our invention is illustrated by the following specific but not limiting Examples. Example I Several suncreen compositions were evaluated in Phase One. The results of this evaluation is set out in Table I and II below. 1% UV Absorber Solution % Reduction in Fading Benzophenone 9 9.7 Benzophenone 11 7.2 Benzophenone 1 6.2 Benzophenone 8 4.5 50/50 Octyl Methoxycinnamate: Benzophenone 4 4.5 Benzophenone 12 4.5 Benzophenone 4 4.1 Ethyl Dihydroxypropyl PABA 2.1 Octyl Methoxycinnamate 2.1 Benzophenone 3 1.7 Octyl Dimethyl PABA 0 50/50 Dimethyl PABA Ethyl Cetearyl Dimonium Tosylate: Octyl Methoxycinnamate 0 50/50 Dimethyl PABA Ethyl Cetearyl Dimonium Tosylate : Octyl Dimethyl PABA 0 Benzophenone 1: 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone Benzophenone 3: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Benzophenone 4: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulphonic acid Benzophenone 8: 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Benzophenone 9: disodium 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone-3,3'-disulfonate Benzophenone 11: a mixture of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxy benzophenone, 2,2'-4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenone and other tetra-substituted benzophenone materials Benzophenone 12: 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)-benzophenone Dimonium: dimethylammonium 1% UV Absorber Solution % Reduction in Fading Benzophenone 2 8.4 Benzophenone 11 8.4 50:50 Benzophenone 11/Butyl Methoxy Dibenzoyl Methane 8.3 50:50 Benzophenone 11/Octyl Dimethyl PABA 7.8 50:50 Benzophenone 8/Octyl Dimethyl PABA 6.8 Octrizole 4.2 Butyl Methoxy Dibenzoyl Methane 3.5 TEA Salicylate 3.0 Octyl Methoxycinnamate 1.7 Tri PABA Panthenol 1.7 Methyl Anthranilate 1.1 Octyl Salicylate 1.0 Benzophenone 12 0.7 Octyl Dimethyl PABA 0.7 Benzophenone 3 0 Benzophenone 2: 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone Benzophenone 3: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Benzophenone 8: 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone Benzophenone 11: a mixture of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxy benzophenone, 2,2'-4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophenone and other tetra-substituted benzophenone materials Benzophenone 12: 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)-benzophenone It is apparent from the data presented in Tables I and II that benzophenone 2, 9 and 11 provide the best dye color protection. Benzophenone 11 was not considered for the inclusion in the formulations in the second phase of our investigation because it is water soluble. Although benzophenone 9 would obviously have satisfactory results it was not used in our evaluation because it is difficult to solubilize in alcohol or in the hair substantive carrier compositions. In addition both benzophenones 9 and benzophenone 11 are undesirably yellow in color. Benzophenone 2 was used in the subsequent evaluations because it is acceptable in color, readily soluble in alcohol and in most of the hair substantive carrier compositions. It should be noted that the commercially available sunscreen agent did not reduce the fading in the test. EXAMPLE II Four shampoo formulations were prepared. In preparing the formulations part 2 was initially prepared by dissolving the benzophenone in alcohol. The carrier, Miristocor (myristamidopropyl dimethylamine phosphate) was added and mixed until the solution was clear. Water was then added to the mixture to form an emulsion. In the second step of the preparation Betaine was mixed in, followed by the water from part one. In the third step of the preparation the sodium laureth sulfate was added and mixed to prepare a clear solution. The ingredients of part 5 were added in the final step of preparation of the formulation in the order setout in the table. The formulation was mixed thoroughly and a clear viscous shampoo was formed. The components of the formulations are set out in table III. Formula Code "Z" "K" "G" "U" Part 1 % % % % Water 37.607 37.607 37.607 37.107 Part 2 SD40 Ethanol (95%) 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Benzophenone 2 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Miristocor 2.5 - - - Naltex EF - 2.5 - 2.500 Cerephyl 65 - - 2.5 - Octyl Methoxycinnamate - - - 0.500 Water 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 Part 3 Cocoamidopropyl Betaine (30%) 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 Part 4 Sodium Laureth (2EO) Sulfate (27%) 40.714 40.714 40.714 40.714 Part 5 Formalin 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 Na4EDTA (50% Solution) 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 Perfume 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 Water 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 EXAMPLE III The carriers used in the formulations set out in Example II were cationic. A formulation was prepared that contains a mixture of cationic and anionic carriers. The formulation was prepared using the general techniques as supplied in example II. The formulation designated shampoo O in Table IV below. Shampoo "O" Part 1 % Water 48.225 Polymer LR-30M 0.300 Part 2 Pationic RSL 1.000 Lexein QX 3000 1.500 SD40 Ethanol (95%) 1.000 Benzophenone 2 0.500 Cocoamidopropyl Betaine (30%) 4.400 Sodium Hydroxide (10% Soln. 0.100 Water 8.000 Part 3 Sodium Laureth 2 EO Sulfate (27%) 32.900 Part 4 Cremophor® RH 40 0.500 Perfume 0.500 Kathon® CG Preservative 0.075 Sodium Chloride 1.000 100.000 EXAMPLE IV The shampoos designated "Z", "O", "K", "G", and "U" in tables III and IV were evaluated using wool swatches in the method described above. The percentage reduction in fading for each of these formulations are listed out in Table V; Shampoos % Reduction in Fading Control Benzophenone 2 (1% in SD 40 Ethanol) 6.1 "Z" 4.6 "O" 4.0 "K" 3.4 "G" 3.4 "U" 3.3 Commercial available formulation 0 It is apparent from the data that each of the shampoos give satisfactory results. The results are generally comparable. It should be noted that no reduction in fading resulted when the commercially available formulation was used. It is obvious that the addition of benzophenone 2 to shampoo formulations greatly improves their ability to reduce fading of dyed hair. EXAMPLE V Shampoo formulations were prepared using different carrier compositions, all of the carrier compositions prepared in the this series of runs were cationic. The composition of these formulations set out in table VI; Shampoos with Benzophenone 2 and Cationics Shampoo A C D E SD40 Alcohol 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Uvinul® D50 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Miristocor 2.5 Pationic ISL Lexein QX 3000 Merquat 550 2.5 Naltex EF 2.5 1.5 Cerephyl 65 1.0 Water Part 1 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Tegobetaine L7 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Polymer LR-30M Water (Part 2) 39.607 39.607 39.107 39.607 Sodium Lauryl 40.714 40.714 40.714 40.714 Ether (2EO) Sulfate (28%) Cremophor® RH 40 Fidelio Perfume 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Kathon® CG Sodium Chloride 0.5 Formalin 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.123 Na₄EDTA (50% Soln) 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.156 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 The formulations were prepared using the general techniques described in example II. EXAMPLE VII In this example a formulation designated shampoo B was prepared. This formulation differs from the other formulations in that it contains a polymer. The formulation was prepared by mixing the polymer in cold water in a mixing vessel. The mixture was heated to 60°C (140°F) that dissolved the polymer. A mixture containing the benzophenone 2 in alcohol was prepared separately and an anionic cocarrier (Pationic) was added. The sodium hydroxide and cationic carrier (Lexein) was added. The Betaine and water were then added and the mixture was heated to dissolve all the constituents. In the next step of the process the cationic mixture was added to the polymer solution. The sodium lauryl ether sulfate was then added to the mixture. The other components were then added. The product was cooled to 25°C (77°F) and the viscosity adjusted to 1500±500cps with sodium chloride. A clear shampoo product was formed. The composition of the formulation is set out in Table VII: Shampoo B SD40 Alcohol 1.0 Uvinul® D50 (1) 0.5 Miristocor (2) Pationic ISL (3) 1.0 Lexein QX 3000 (4) 1.5 Merquat 550 (5) Naltex EF (6) Cerephyl 65 (7) NaOH (10% Soln) 0.1 Water Part 1 8.0 Tegobetaine L7 4.4 Polymer LR-30M 0.3 Water (Part 2) 48.725 Sodium Lauryl 32.9 Ether (2EO) Sulfate (28%) Cremophor® RH 40 Perfume 0.500 Kathon® CG 0.075 Sodium Chloride 1.000 Formalin Na₄ EDTA (50% soln) 100.00 EXAMPLE VIII The shampoos designated A, B, C. D. and E were evaluated using techniques described above. The results are set out in table VIII % Reduction in Fading Straight Benzophenone 2 (1% Soln Control) 6.1 Shampoo A 4.6 Shampoo B 4.1 Shampoo C 3.4 Shampoo D 3.0 Shampoo E 2.6 Commercially available sunscreen shampoo 0.4 It is apparent from the data presented in table VIII the shampoo designated A, B, C, D, and E had considerable better sun screen properties than the commercially available suncreen shampoo. EXAMPLE IX A series of runs were completed to determine the optimum concentration of Benzophenone 2 in two best shampoos. The level of benzophenone 2 in the shampoo was varied from 0.25-1%. The shampoo designated A, B were used for this evaluation. Shampoos were compared with the commercially available sunscreen shampoo. The results are set out in table IX: Formula Optimization/Color Fading Test Results % Reduction in Fading Straight Benzophenone 2 (1% Soln Control) 10.3 Shampoo % Benzophenone 2 A 0.75 6.0 A 0.50 3.6 A 0.25 3.6 A 1.0 3.4 B 1.0 5.7 B 0.75 5.4 B 0.50 4.5 B 0.25 3.2 B w/o polymer 0.25 1.4 Commercially available sunscreen shampoo 0.3 Reduction in the Benzophenone-2 level invariably resulted in relatively lower ultraviolet protection except in the case of shampoo A with 1% Benzophenone-2. Maximum reduction in color fading achieved 0.75 Benzophenone-2 in shampoo A and 1% Benzophenone-2 in Shampoo B. All the shampoos outperformed the commercially available sunscreen shampoo.

Claims: A method of treating dyed hair to reduce color loss caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun which comprises applying an effective amount of a shampoo comprising 0.1-5% 2,2'4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, a surfactant, a hair substantive carrier, water and other minor ingredients, such shampoos being excluded which comprise a cationic derivative of a polygalactomannan gum. The method according to claim 1 wherein the surfactant is anionic or amphoteric. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the carrier is a cationic compound. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the carrier is a mixture of a cationic and an anionic compound. The method according to claim 3 wherein the cationic compound is myristamidopropyl dimethyl amine phosphate and is present as about 1-5% of the formulation. The method according to claim 4 wherein the cationic compound, cocotrimonium collagen hydrolysate is mixed with sodium isostearoyl lactylate. The method according to claim 1 wherein said shampoo comprises 45-85% water, 8-20% sodium laureth sulphate and 1-5% betaine. The method according to claim 7 wherein the shampoo further comprises 1% alcohol and 2-3% myristamidopropyl dimethylamine phosphate.

Inventors: MARSCHNER FRANK W, SCHEBECE FRANK, MARSCHNER,FRANK W., SCHEBECE, FRANK
Applicants: COLGATE PALMOLIVE CO, COLGATE-PALMOLIVE COMPANY
Application year: 1990
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61Q5, A61K8, A61Q17