Process for reducing the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate produced by crystallisation from solvent to a size which is suitable for effective distribution in a tablet blend, in particular 100% less that 250µm. The ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by drying at elevated temperature and reduced or atmospheric pressure and is then rehydrated.

Description: This invention relates to a process for reducing the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate. More particularly the process involves desolvation and resolvation. Reduction of crystal size through solvation and desolvation has been described previously, for instance for the compound griseofulvin (K. Sekiguchi et al ., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1968, 16 , 2495-2502). Various techniques may be employed to effect desolvation such as drying at an elevated temperature and under vacuum, drying at an elevated temperature and at atmospheric pressure, drying at ambient temperature under a high vacuum, freeze-drying, or drying over a desiccant. However, the precise conditions of desolvation considerably affect the efficiency of the reduction in crystal size. Ondansetron, the approved name for 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4 H -carbazol-4-one, is a highly selective and potent antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at 5-HT₃ receptors. Ondansetron, together with its physiologically acceptable salts and solvates, is described and claimed in British Patent No. 2153821B, and may be used in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including the nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy (as described, for example, in European Patent Specification No. 226266A). The preferred form of ondansetron for pharmaceutical formulation is the hydrochloride dihydrate. Ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate may be presented in a variety of formulations, one of which is as tablets for oral administration, when particularly suitable unit doses of the drug substance for the treatment of emesis are 5mg and 10mg. In the tablet manufacturing process, ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is blended with suitable excipients, and the blend is then compressed into tablets. Since a low dose of drug substance per tablet is required, for example, 5mg of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate in a tablet of 125mg compression weight, the distribution of the drug substance in the blend is critical in obtaining individual tablets with the correct drug content. Uniform drug distribution in the tablet blend may be achieved using drug substance of appropriate particle size. However, the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by methods described in the art, i.e. that obtained by simple crystallisation from an aqueous solvent mixture with subsequent drying at ambient temperature and pressure contains particles which are too large (i.e. >250µm) to give an homogeneous distribution of the drug substance in the tablet blend. Indeed if crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate produced by such conventional methods were used in tablet manufacture, the tablets so produced would not possess an acceptable drug content which, for a 5mg tablet, is 5mg ± 0.25mg of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate. Attempts to mill crystals of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate to reduce their particle size have proved unsuccessful, for example, comminution milling of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate caused screen blockage of coarse and fine screens. Furthermore, although ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate of particle size <250µm can be obtained by passing the substance through a 60 mesh sieve (as described, for example, in UK Patent No. 2153821B), this method is not commercially viable. We have now found a process which reduces the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate produced by simple crystallisation from solvent (more particularly aqueous solvent mixtures) to a size which is suitable for effective distribution of the drug substance in the tablet blend. Thus the invention provides a process for reducing the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by simple crystallisation from solvent, more particularly an aqueous solvent mixture, to a size which is suitable for effective distribution in a tablet blend, which comprises desolvating the said drug substance by drying at an elevated temperature and reduced or atmospheric pressure, and then rehydrating the ondansetron hydrochloride so formed. It is possible by means of the process according to the invention to reduce the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate to the extent that the entire drug substance consists of particles of a sufficiently small size (i.e. less than 250µm, of which typically about 80% by weight are less than 63µm) to give an homogeneous distribution of the drug substance in the tablet blend. Preferably, the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by crystallisation is desolvated by heating at a temperature greater than 40°C (e.g. 50°C) and at reduced pressure ( e.g. 26.664 x 10³ Pa (200 torr) or less) for more than 8 hours. Alternatively, the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by crystallisation may be desolvated at ambient pressure by heating at a temperature of 50°C or above (more preferably 100°C). Most preferably, ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by crystallisation is desolvated by heating at 50°C at a pressure of 100 torr for 24 hours. The desolvation process may be carried out with or without mechanical agitation. The resultant ondansetron hydrochloride of reduced crystal size is then rehydrated, for example, by placing it in a humidified atmosphere of, for example, air or nitrogen, at ambient temperature. Rehydration will generally be continued until there is no further gain in weight. According to another aspect, the invention provides crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate characterised in that 100% of the crystals have a size of less than 250µm and at least 80% by weight of the crystals have a crystal size of less than 63µm (as measured by air-jet sieve analysis). According to a yet further aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition in the form of tablets containing crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate as active ingredient characterised in that 100% of the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate crystals have a size less than 250µm and at least 80% by weight of the crystals have a crystal size of less than 63µm (as measured by air-jet sieve analysis). Generally the composition will contain at least one physiologically acceptable carrier or excipient. The invention is illustrated by the following examples. Temperatures are in °C. Crystal size was measured by air-jet sieve analysis. Example 1 A solution of 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4 H -carbazol-4-one (147g) in a mixture of isopropanol (670mℓ), water (250mℓ) and glacial acetic acid (76mℓ) at ca . 60° was clarified by filtration and diluted with more water (61mℓ) and isopropanol (650mℓ). The solution was treated at 70° with 36%w/w hydrochloric acid (46mℓ) and cooled to ca . 5°. The resulting suspension was filtered and the filtered solid was washed by displacement with isopropanol (600mℓ) to give a solvent wet solid (269g). A portion of this solid (91g) was dried at ca . 50° and 200 torr for ca . 16h to give a solid (55g). A portion of the dried solid (26g) was placed in a current of humidified air at ambient temperature until there was no further gain in weight and the title compound (29g) was obtained. Particle Size Distribution of Title Compound Size (µm) Cumulative % Undersize (by weight) 45 43.4 63 83.7 90 97.6 125 98.4 180 99.6 250 100.0 Example 2 The previous preparation was repeated except that after collection by filtration the solid was dried at ambient temperature and pressure to give large crystals (>45% by weight of crystals larger than 250µm) of 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4 H -carbazol-4-one hydrochloride dihydrate. Particle Size Distribution of "Large Crystals" Size(µm) Cumulative % Undersize (by weight) 45 5.8 63 9.8 90 20.8 125 26.7 180 37.8 250 50.6 355 71.5 500 90.9 710 98.4 1000 98.6 A sample of this solid (26.9g) was dried at ambient pressure and 100° for ca . 17h during which period the weight of the sample was reduced to 24.3g. The sample was then exposed to ambient temperatures and humidities until it had regained its original weight to afford the title compound. Particle Size Distribution of Title Compound Size (µm) Cumulative % Undersize (by weight) 45 47.6 63 94.8 90 100.0 Example 3 1,2,3,9-Tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4 H -carbazol-4-one hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by crystallisaton from a solvent was dried at 52° and 13.332 x 10³ Pa (100 torr) for 24h and then rehydrated to give the title compound. Particle Size Distribution of Title Compound Size (µm) Cumulative % Undersize (by weight) 45 44.3 63 83.2 90 97.0 125 98.8 180 99.8 250 100.0 Example 4 1,2,3,9-Tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1 H -imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-4 H -carbazol-4-one hydrochloride dihydrate obtained by crystallisaton from a solvent was dried at 48° and 13.332 x 10³ Pa (100 torr) for 24h and then rehydrated to give the title compound . Particle Size Distribution of Title Compound Size (µm) Cumulative % Undersize 45 49.0 63 92.4 90 100.0

Claims: Claims for the following Contracting States : AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE A process for reducing the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate produced by crystallisation from solvent, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by drying at elevated temperature and reduced or atmospheric pressure and then rehydrated. A process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is prepared by crystallisation from an aqueous solvent mixture. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by heating at a temperature greater than 40°C and at reduced pressure for more than 8 hours. A process as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by heating at a temperature of about 50°C at a pressure of about 13.332 x 10³ Pa (100 torr) for about 24 hours. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by heating at a temperature of 50°C or above at ambient pressure. A process as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the temperature is about 100°C. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is rehydrated in a humidified atmosphere at ambient temperature. Crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate characterised in that 100% of the crystals have a size of less than 250µm and at least about 80% by weight of the crystals have a size of less than 63µm. A pharmaceutical composition in the form of tablets containing crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate as active ingredient, characterised in that 100% of the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate crystals have a size less than 250µm and at least about 80% by weight of the crystals have a size less than 63µm. A pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that each tablet has a nominal content of active ingredient which is 5mg or 10mg. Claims for the following Contracting States : ES, GR A process for reducing the crystal size of ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate produced by crystallisation from solvent, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by drying at elevated temperature and reduced or atmospheric pressure and then rehydrated. A process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is prepared by crystallisation from an aqueous solvent mixture. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by heating at a temperature greater than 40°C and at reduced pressure for more than 8 hours. A process as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by heating at a temperature of about 50°C at a pressure of about 13.332 x 10³ Pa (100 torr) for about 24 hours. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is desolvated by heating at a temperature of 50°C or above at ambient pressure. A process as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the temperature is about 100°C. A process as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is rehydrated in a humidified atmosphere at ambient temperature. A process for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition characterised in that crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate wherein 100% of the crystals have a size less than 250µm and at least about 80% by weight of the crystals have a size less than 63µm is processed to form tablets. A process as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the crystalline ondansetron hydrochloride dihydrate is processed to form tablets with a nominal content of active ingredient which is 5mg or 10mg.

Inventors: COLLIN DAVID TREVOR, COLLIN, DAVID TREVOR
Applicants: GLAXO GROUP LTD, GLAXO GROUP LIMITED
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C07D403
IPC codes: C07D403, A61K9, A61P1, A61K31