SLANT PLATE TYPE COMPRESSOR WITH VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT MECHANISM

Abstract: A slant plate type compressor (10) with a capacity or displacement adjusting mechanism (400) is disclosed. The compressor (10) includes a housing (20) having a cylinder block (21) provided with a plurality of cylinders (70) and a crank chamber (22). A piston (71) is slidably fitted within each of the cylinders (70) and is reciprocated by a drive mechanism which includes a member (50) having a surface with an adjustable incline angle. The incline angle is controlled by the pressure in the crank chamber. The pressure in crank chamber (22) is controlled by a control mechanism (400) which comprises a passageway (150) communicating between the crank chamber (22) and a suction chamber (241), a first valve device (19) to control the closing and opening of the passageway (150) and a second valve device (39) to control pressue in an actuating chamber. The first valve device (19) includes a bellows valve element (195) and a valve shifting element (291) coupled to the bellows (193). The valve shifting elements (291) includes a first surface (293c) which receives pressure in the actuating chamber and a second surface which receives discharge pressure in order to apply a force to the bellows (193) at another end thereby shifts a control point of the bellows (193) in response to changes in the actuating chamber pressure and changes in the discharge pressure.

Description: The present invention relates to a refrigerant compressor, and more particularly, to a slant plate type compressor, such as a wobble plate type compressor, with a variable displacement mechanism suitable for use in an automotive air conditioning system. It has been recognized that it is desirable to provide a slant plate type piston compressor with a displacement or capacity adjusting mechanism to control the compression ratio in response to demand. As discussed in U.S. Patent No. 4,428,718, the compression ratio may be controlled by changing the slant angle of the sloping surface of a slant plate in response to the operation of a valve control mechanism. The slant angle of the slant plate is adjusted to maintain a constant suction pressure in response to a change in the heat load of the evaporator of an external circuit including the compressor or a change in rotation speed of the compressor. In an air conditioning system, a pipe member connects the outlet of an evaporator to the suction chamber of the compressor. Accordingly, a pressure loss occurs between the suction chamber and the outlet of the evaporator which is directly proportional to the "suction flow rate" therebetween as shown in Figure 8. As a result, when the capacity of the compressor is adjusted to maintain a constant suction chamber pressure in response to appropriate changes in the heat load of the evaporator or the rotation speed of the compressor, the pressure at the evaporator outlet increases. This increase in the evaporator outlet pressure results in an undesirable decrease in the heat exchange ability of the evaporator. Above mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4,428,718 discloses a valve control mechanism, to eliminate this problem. The valve control mechanism, which is responsive to both suction and discharge pressures, provides controlled communication of both suction and discharge fluid with the compressor crank member and thereby controls compressor displacement. The compressor control point for displacement change is shifted to maintain a nearly constant pressure at the evaporator outlet portion by means of this compressor displacement control. The valve control mechanism makes use of the fact that the discharge pressure of the compressor is roughly directly proportional to the suction flow rate. However, in the above-mentioned valve control mechanism, a single movable valve member, formed of a number of parts, is used to control the flow of fluid both between the discharge chamber and the crankcase chamber, and between the crankcase chamber and the suction chamber. Thus, extreme precision is required in the formation of each part and in the assembly of the large number of parts into the control mechanism in order to attempt to assure that the valve control mechanism operates properly. Furthermore, when the heat load of the evaporator or the rotation speed of the compressor is changed quickly, discharge chamber pressure increases and an excessive amount of discharge gas flows into the crank chamber from the discharge chamber through a communication passage of the valve control mechanism due to a lag time to such the action between the operation of the valve control mechanism and the response of the external circuit including the compressor. As a result of the excessive amount of discharge gas flow, a decrease in compression efficiency of the compressor, and a decline of durability of the compressor internal parts occurs. To overcome the above-mentioned disadvantage, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1-142276 proposes a slant plate type compressor with the variable displacement mechanism which is developed to take advantage of the relationship between discharge pressure and suction flow rate. That is, the valve control mechanism of this Japanese '276 publication is designed to have a simple physical structure and to operate in a direct manner on a valve controlling element in response to discharge pressure changes, thereby resolving the complexity, excessive discharge flow and slow response time problems of the prior art. However, in the both U.S. '718 Patent and Japanese '276 publication, the valve control mechanism maintains pressure in the evaporator outlet at the certain value by means of compensating the pressure loss occurring between the evaporator outlet and the compressor suction chamber in direct response to pressure in the compressor discharge chamber as shown in Figure 7. Accordingly, a value of compensating the pressure loss is determined by a value of the discharge chamber pressure with one correspondence, that is, only one value of compensating the pressure loss corresponds to only one value of the discharge chamber pressure. Furthermore, when the displacement of the compressor is controlled in response to characteristic of an automotive air conditioning system, such as, the temperature of passenger compartment air or the temperature of air leaving from the evaporator in addition to the change in the heat load of the evaporator or the change in rotation speed of the compressor to operate the automotive air conditioning system more elaborately, it is required to flexibly compensate the pressure loss. Therefore, the abovementioned technique of the prior art regarding the compensation for the pressure loss is not suited to the elaborate operation of the automotive air conditioning system. EP-A-318316 discloses a slant plate type refrigerant compressor including a compressor housing enclosing a crank chamber, a suction chamber and a discharge chamber therein, the compressor housing comprising a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinders formed therethrough, a piston slidably fitted within each of the cylinders, a drive means coupled to the pistons for reciprocating the pistons within the cylinders, the drive means including a drive shaft rotatably supported in the housing and coupling means for drivingly coupling the drive shaft to the pistons such that rotary motion of the drive shaft is converted into reciprocating motion of the pistons, the coupling means including a slant plate having a surface disposed at an adjustable inclined angle relative to a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft, the incline angle of the slant plate adjustable to vary the stroke length of the pistons in the cylinders to vary the capacity of the compressor, a passageway formed in the housing and linking the crank chamber and the suction chamber in fluid communication, and capacity control means for varying the capacity of the compressor by adjusting the inclined angle, the capacity control means having a first valve control means and a response pressure point adjusting means, including an actuating device having a first surface which receives pressure in the discharge chamber the, first valve control means for controlling the opening and closing of the passageway in response to changes in refrigerant pressure in the compressor to control the link between the crank and suction chambers to thereby control the capacity of the compressor, the first valve control means responsive at a predetermined pressure, the response pressure point adjusting means responding to an external signal; and according to a first aspect of the present invention, such a compressor is characterised by the response pressure point adjusting means including an actuating chamber linked to the discharge chamber through a first communicating path and linked to the suction chamber through a second communicating path, a throttling element disposed in the first communicating path, a second valve control means controlling to open and close the second communicating path in order to vary pressure in the actuating chamber from the pressure in the discharge chamber to the pressure in the suction chamber in response to the external signal, the actuating device having a second surface which receives pressure in the actuating chamber which acts with the first surface in order to apply a force to the first valve control means so that the predetermined pressure point at which the first valve control means responds is controllably changed in response to changes in pressure in the actuating chamber and changes in pressure in the discharge chamber. According to a second aspect of the present invention a compressor of the kind disclosed in EP-A-318316 is characterised by the response pressure point adjusting means including an actuating chamber linked to the discharge chamber through a first communicating path and linked to the crank chamber through a second communicating path, a throttling element disposed in the first communicating path, a second valve control means controlling to open and close the second communicating path in order to vary pressure in the actuating chamber from the pressure in the discharge chamber to the pressure in the suction chamber in response to the external signal, the actuating device having a second surface which receives pressure in the actuating chamber which acts with the first surface in order to apply a force to the first valve control means so that the predetermined pressure point at which the first valve control means responds is controllably changed in response to changes in pressure in the actuating chamber and changes in pressure in the discharge chamber. Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a slant plate type compressor having a capacity adjusting mechanism, which compensates the pressure loss, for suitable use in an elaborately operated automotive air conditioning system. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a wobble plate type refrigerant compressor including a valve conrol mechanism according to a first embodiment of this invention. Figure 2 is an enlarged partially sectional view of the valve control mechanism shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a wobble plate type refrigerant compressor including a valve control mechanism according to a second embodiment of this invention. Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 illustrating a valve control mechanism according to a third embodiment of this invention. Figure 5 is a graph illustrating an operating characteristic produced by the compressor in Figures 1 and 3. Figure 6 is a graph illustrating an operating characteristic produced by the compressor in Figure 4. Figure 7 is a graph illustrating an operating characteristic produced by the compressor in the prior art. Figure 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure loss occurring between the evaporator outlet and the compressor suction between to the suction flow rate. In Figures 1-4, for purposes of explanation only, the left side of the figures will be referenced as the forward end or front of the compressor, and the right side of the figures will be referenced as the rearward end or near of the compressor With reference to Figure 1, the construction of a slant plate type compressor, specifically wobble plate type refrigerant compressor 10 including valve control mechanism 400 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. Compressor 10 includes cylindrical housing assembly 20 including cylinder block 21, front end plate 23 disposed at one end of cylinder block 21, crank chamber 22 enclosed within cylinder block 21 by front end plate 23, and rear end plate 24 attached to the other end of cylinder block 21. Front end plate 23 is mounted on cylinder block 21 forward of crank chamber 22 by a plurality of bolts (not shown). Rear end plate 24 is mounted on cylinder block 21 at the opposite end by a plurality of bolts (not shown). Valve plate 25 is located between rear end plate 24 and cylinder block 21. Opening 231 is centrally formed in front end plate 23 for supporting drive shaft 26 by bearing 30 disposed therein. The inner end portion of drive shaft 26 is rotatably supported by bearing 31 disposed within central bore 210 of cylinder block 21. Bore 210 extends to a rearward end surface of cylinder block 21, and first valve control mechanism 19 is disposed within bore 210. Disk-shaped adjusting screw member 32 having a hole 32a centrally formed therein is disposed in a central region of bore 210 located between the inner end portion of drive shaft 26 and first valve control mechanism 19. Disk-shaped adjusting screw member 32 is screwed into bore 210 so as to be in contact with the inner end surface of drive shaft 26 through washer 33 having hole 33a centrally formed therein, and adjusts an axial position of drive shaft 26 by tightening and loosing thereof. Cam rotor 40 is fixed on dive shaft 26 by pin member 261 and rotates with shaft 26. Thrust needle bearing 32 is disposed between the inner end surface of front end plate 23 and the adjacent axial end surface of cam rotor 40. Cam rotor 40 includes arm 41 having pin member 42 extending therefrom. Slant plate 50 is disposed adjacent cam rotor 40 and includes opening 53. Drive shaft 26 is disposed through opening 53. Slant plate 50 includes arm 51 having slot 52. Cam rotor 40 and slant plate 50 are connected by pin member 42, which is inserted in slot 52 to crate a hinged joint. Pin member 42 is slidable within slot 52 to allow adjustment of the angular position of slant plate 50 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of drive shaft 26. Wobble plate 60 is nutatably mounted on slant plate 50 through bearings 61 and 62 which allow slant plate 50 to rotate with respect to wobble plate 60. Fork-shaped slider 63 is attached to the radially outer peripheral end of wobble plate 60 and is slidably mounted about sliding rail 64 disposed between front end plate 23 and cylinder block 21. Fork-shaped slider 63 prevents rotation of wobble plate 60, and wobble plate 60 nutates along rail 64 when cam rotor 40 and slant plate 50 rotate. Cylinder block 21 includes a plurality of peripherally located cylinder chambers 70 in which pistons 71 are disposed. Each piston 71 is connected to wobble plate 60 by a corresponding connecting rod 72. Nutation of wobble plate 60 causes pistons 71 to reciprocate in cylinder chambers 70. Rear end plate 24 includes peripherally located annular suction chamber 241 and centrally located discharge chamber 251. Valve plate 25 includes a plurality of valved suction parts 242 linking suction chamber 241 with respective cylinder chambers 70. Valve plate 25 also includes a plurality of valved discharge ports 252 linking discharge chambers 251 with respective cylinder chambers 70. Suction ports 242 and discharge ports 252 are provided with suitable reed valves as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,011,029 to Shimizu. Suction chamber 241 includes inlet portion 241a which is connected to an evaporator (not shown) of the external cooling circuit. Discharge chamber 251 is provided with outlet portion 251a connected to a condenser (not shown) of the cooling circuit. Gaskets 27 and 28 are located between cylinder block 21 and the inner surface of valve plate 25, and the outer surface of valve plate 25 and rear end plate 24 respectively, to seal the mating surfaces of cylinders block 21, valve plate 25 and rear end plate 24. With reference to Figure 1 and to Figure 2, valve control mechanism 400 includes first valve control device 19 having cup-shaped casing member 191 disposed in central bore 210, and defining valve chamber 192 therein. O-ring 19a is disposed between and outer surface of casing member 191 and an inner surface of bore 210 to seal the mating surfaces of casing member 191 and cylinder block 21. A plurality of holes 19b are formed at a closed end of casing member 191, and crank chamber 22 is linked in fluid communication with valve chamber 192 through holes 19b, 32a and 33a and a gap 31a existing between bearing 31 and cylinder block 21. Thus, valve chamber 192 is maintained at the crank chamber pressure. Bellows 193 is fixedly disposed in valve chamber 192 and longitudinally contracts and expands in response to crank chamber pressure. Projection member 194 attached at forward end of bellows 193 is secured to axial projection 19c formed at the center of the closed end of casing member 191. Hemispherical valve member 195 having circular depressed portion 195a at its rearward end is attached at rearward end of bellows 193. Cylinder member 291 includes integral valve seat 292, and penetrates through valve plate assembly 200 which includes valve plate 25, gaskets 27, 28, suction and discharge reed valves (not shown). Valve seat 292 is formed at the forward end of cylinder member 291 and is secured to the open end of casing member 191. Nut 254 is screwed on cylinder member 291 from the rearward end of cylinder member 291 which extends beyond valve plate assembly 200 and into first cylindrical hollow portion 80 formed in rear end plate 24. Hollow portion 80 extends along the longitudinal axis of drive shaft 26 and is opened to discharge chamber 251 at one end. Nut 254 fixes cylinder member 291 to valve plate assembly 200, and valve retainer 253 is disposed between nut 254 and valve plate assembly 200. Spherical shaped opening 292a is formed at valve seat 292, and is linked to adjacent cylindrical cavity 292b formed at valve seat 292. Valve member 195 is disposed adjacent to valve seat 292. Actuating rod 293 is slidably disposed in cylindrical channel 294 axially formed through cylinder member 291 and is linked to valve member 195 through bias spring 500. Bore 295 is formed at the forward end of cylindrical channel 294, and is open to cylindrical cavity 292b. O-ring 295a is disposed in bore 295 to seal the mating surfaces of cylindrical channel 294 and actuating rod 293. Annular plate 296 is fixedly disposed at the rearward end of cylindrical cavity 292b, and covers bore 295 so as to prevent O-ring 295a from sliding out of bore 295. First cylindrical hollow portion 80 includes small diameter hollow portion 81 and large diameter hollow portion 82 forwardly extending from the forward end of small diameter hollow portion 81. Cylinder member 291 includes large diameter region 291a, small diameter region 291c and medium diameter region 291b located between large and small diameter regions 291a, 291c. A male screw is formed at a part of an outer peripheral surface of large diameter region 291a of cylinder member 291 so as to receive nut 254 thereon. Small diameter region 291c, of which diameter is slightly smaller than a diameter of small diameter hollow portions 81, is disposed in small diameter hollow portion 81 and terminates at a half way of small diameter hollow portion 81, and defines first chamber 83. Medium diameter region 291b, of which diameter is slightly smaller than a diameter of large diameter hollow portion 82, is disposed in large diameter hollow portion 82 and terminates at a half way of large diameter hollow portion 82, and defines second chamber 84. O-ring 297 is disposed about an outer surface of small diameter region 291c of cylinder member 291 to seal the mating surface of small diameter hollow portion 81 and cylinder member 291. O-ring 298 is disposed about an outer surface of large diameter region 291b of cylinder member 291 to seal the mating surfaces of medium diameter hollow portion 82 and cylinder member 291. Thereby, second chamber 84 is hermetically isolated from both discharge chamber 251 and first chamber 83. Cylindrical channel 294 includes large diameter portion 294a and small diameter portion 294b located at the rearward of large diameter portion 294a. Large diameter portion 294a terminates at a half way of small diameter region 291c of cylinder member 291. Small diameter portion 294b rearwardly extends from large diameter portion 294a and is open to first chamber 83. Actuating rod 293 includes large diameter section 293a, small diameter section 293b located at the rearward of large diameter section 293a and truncated cone section 293c connecting large diameter section 293a to small diameter section 293b. Large diameter section 293a, of which diameter is slightly smaller than a diameter of large diameter portion 294a of cylindrical channel 294, is slidably disposed in large diameter portion 294a and terminates at one-third way of large diameter portion 294a. Small diameter section 293b of actuating rod 293 extends beyond small diameter region 291c, of which diameter is slightly smaller than a diameter of small diameter portion 294b of cylindrical channel 294, is slidably disposed in small diameter portion 294b of cylindrical channel 294. Small diameter and truncated cone sections 293b and 293c of actuating rod 293 and an inner peripheral wall of large diameter portion 294a of cylindrical channel 294 cooperatively define third chamber 85. An effective area of truncated cone section 293c which receives the pressure in third chamber 85 is determined by the differential between the diameter of large diameter section 293a of actuating rod 293 with the diameter of small diameter section 293b of actuating rod 293. A plurality of radial holes 86 are formed in small diameter region 291c of cylinder member 291, and links second chamber 84 to third chamber 85. Annular flange member 293d, forward of annular plate 296, is integrally formed at actuating rod 293, and prevents excessive rearward movement of actuating rod 293, that is, the contact of flange member 293d with the forward end surface of annular plate 296 limits the rearward movement of rod 293. Bias spring 500 is in contact with the forward end surface of flange member 293d at its rearward end and is in contact with the bottom surface of circular depressed portion 195a of valve member 195 at its forward end. Radial hole 151 is formed at valve seat 292 to link cylindrical cavity 292b to one end opening of conduit 152 formed at cylinder block 21. Conduit 152 includes cavity 152a and links to suction chamber 241 through hole 153 formed at valve plate assembly 200. Passageway 150, which provides communication between crank chamber 22 and suction chamber 241, is obtained by uniting gap 31a, holes 33a and 32a, bore 210, holes 19b, valve chamber 192, spherical shaped opening 292a, cylindrical cavity 292b, radial hole 151, conduit 152 and hole 153. In result, the opening and closing of passageway 150 is controlled by the contracting and expanding of bellows 193 in response to crank chamber pressure. Second cylindrical hollow portion 90, parallel to first cylindrical hollow portion 80, is formed in rear end plate 24. Second hollow portion 90 includes large diameter hollow portion 91 and small diameter hollow portion 92 which extends from the forward end of large diameter hollow portion 91 and is open to suction chamber 241. Bore 93, of which diameter is larger than the diameter of large diameter hollow portions91, extends from the rearward end of large diameter hollow portion 91 and opens to the exterior of the compressor. Solenoid valve mechanism 39, which is shown by a side elevational view in Figures 1 and 2, includes solenoid 391 and valve device 392 fixedly attached at the front end of solenoid 391. Valve device 392 is forcibly inserted into second hollow portion 90, and a front end surface of solenoid 391 is in contact with a bottom surface of bore 93. Valve device 392 includes large diameter section 392a extending from the forward of solenoid 391, small diameter section 392b extending from the forward of large diameter section 392a and medium diameter section 392c extending from the forward of small diameter section 392b. Large diameter section 392a, of which diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of large diameter hollow portion 91, is disposed in large diameter hollow portion 91 and terminates at a half way of large diameter hollow portion 91. Small diameter section 392b is disposed in large diameter hollow portion 91 and terminates at the forward end of large diameter hollow portion 91. Medium diameter section 392c, of which diameter is slightly smaller than a diameter of small diameter hollow portion 92, is disposed in small diameter hollow portion 92 and terminates at two-thirds way of small diameter hollow portion 92. Large, small and medium diameter sections 392a, 392b and 392c and an inner peripheral wall of large diameter hollow portion 91 cooperatively define annular cavity 94. O-ring 393 is disposed about an outer surface of large diameter section 392a of valve device 392 to seal the mating surfaces of large diameter hollow portion 91 and rear end plate 24. O-ring 394 is disposed about an outer surface of medium diameter section 392c of valve device 392 to seal the mating surfaces of small diameter hollow portion 92 and rear end plate 24. First conduit 101 is formed in rear end plate 24 so as to link discharge chamber 251 to first chamber 83 of first hollow portion 80 and second conduit 102, perpendicular to first and second hollow portions 80 and 90, is also formed in rear end plate 24 so as to link second chamber 84 of first hollow portion 80 to annular cavity 94. Annular cavity 94 communicates with suction chamber 241 through a passageway (not shown) formed in valve device 392. Accordingly, communication path 100 linking third chamber 85 with suction chamber 241 is formed by radial holes 86, second chamber 84, second conduit 102, annular cavity 94 and the passageway. The passageway would be easily formed in valve device 392 by one skilled in the art so that the illustration thereof is omitted in Figures 1 and 2. The discharge gas conducted into first chamber 83 through conduit 101 is further conducted into third chamber 85 through small gap "G" formed between the inner peripheral surface of small diameter portion 294b of cylindrical channel 294 and the outer peripheral surface of small diameter section 293b of actuating rod 293. When discharge gas passes through gap "G", a pressure drop is occurred because of the throttling effect of gap "G". Therefore, gap "G" functions as if a throttling device, such as, an orifice tube is disposed in a communicating path which links discharge chamber 251 to third chamber 85. In the above construction, when solenoid 391 receives the electricity from the exterior of the compressor through wires 600, valve device 392 acts to open the passageway by the magnetic attraction force generated by solenoid 391. Thereby, the refrigerant gas in third chamber 85 flows into suction chamber 241 through communication path 100. On the other hand, when solenoid 391 does not receive the electricity, valve device 392 acts to close the passageway by virtue of the disappearance of magnetic attraction force. Thereby, the flow of refrigerant gas from third chamber 85 to suction chamber 241 is blocked. As shown in Figure 2, solenoid valve mechanism 39 receives a control signal, which indicates the ratio of solenoid energizing time to solenoid deenergizing time, defined in a very short period of time, hereinafter calling the duty ratio control signal for convenience of explanation. Furthermore, an opening area of the passageway formed in valve device 392 for linking annular cavity 94 to suction chamber 241 is designed to be sized and shaped to have the volume of the refrigerant flowing into suction chamber 241 from third chamber 85 to be equal to or greater than the maximum volume of the refrigerant flowing into third chamber 85 from discharge chamber 251. Thereby, when solenoid valve mechanism 39 receives the duty ratio control signal of which value is 100%, the refrigerant gas in third chamber 85 conducted from discharge chamber 251 thoroughly flows into suction chamber 241 so that pressure in third chamber 85 decreases to the suction pressure. On the other hand, when solenoid valve mechanism 39 receives the duty ratio control signal of which value is 0%, pressure in third chamber 85 becomes to the discharge pressure because of the blockade of communication path 100. Furthermore, when solenoid valve mechanism 39 receives the duty ratio control signal of which value is a certain amount in between 100% and 0%, pressure in third chamber 85 becomes to a certain pressure which is higher than the suction pressure and lower than the discharge pressure. Therefore, the duty ratio control signal to solenoid valve mechanism 39 enables solenoid valve mechanisms 39 to control the pressure in third chamber 85 from the discharge pressure to the suction pressure. Since truncated cone section 293c of actuating rod 293 receives the pressure in third chamber 85 at its effective area, the force which tends to forwardly move actuating rod 293 is generated by receiving the pressure in third chamber 83 at the effective area of truncated cone section 293c of actuating rod 293 in addition to the force which is generated by receiving the discharge pressure at the effective area of the rear end of small diameter section 293b of actuating rod 293. Furthermore, since the pressure in third chamber 85 varies in response to changes in the value of the duty ratio signal, the forward force generated by receiving the pressure in third chamber 83 at the effective area of truncated cone section 293c varies in response to changes in the value of the duty ratio control signal. Second valve control device 29 is jointly formed by solenoid valve mechanism 39, first and second conduits 101 and 102, first and second cylindrical hollow portions 80 and 90, cylinder member 291 and actuating rod 293. Valve control mechanism 400 includes first valve control device 19 which acts as a valve control responsive at a predetermined crank chamber pressure to control the opening and closing of passageway 150, and second valve control device 29 which acts to adjust the pressure at which first valve control device 19 responds. During operation of compressor 10, drive shaft 26 is rotated by the engine of the vehicle through an electromagnetic clutch 300. Cam rotor 40 is rotated with drive shaft 26, rotating slant plate 50 as well, which causes wobble plate 60 to nutate. Nutational motion of wobble plate 60 reciprocates pistons 71 in their respective cylinders 70. As pistons 71 are reciprocated, refrigerant gas which is introduced into suction chamber 241 through inlet portion 241a flows into each cylinder 70 through suction ports 242 and then compressed. The compressed refrigerant gas is discharged to discharge chamber 251 from each cylinder 70 through discharge ports 252, and therefrom into the cooling circuit through outlet portion 251a. The capacity of compressor 10 is adjusted to maintain a constant pressure in suction chamber 241 in response to changes in the heat load of the evaporator or changes in the rotating speed of the compressor. The capacity of the compressor is adjusted by changing the angle of the slant plate, which is dependent upon the crank chamber pressure or more precisely, the difference between the crank chamber and suction chamber pressures. During operation of the compressor, the pressure in crank chamber 22 increases due to blowby gas flowing past pistons 71 as they are reciprocated in cylinders 70. As the crank chamber pressure increases relative to the suction pressure, the slant angle of the slant plate and thus the wobble plate decreases, decreasing the capacity of the compressor. A decrease in the crank chamber pressure relative to the suction pressure causes an increase in the angle of the slant plate and the wobble plate, and thus an increase in the capacity of the compressor. The crank chamber pressure is decreased whenever it is linked to suction chamber 241 due to contraction of bellows 193 and the corresponding opening of passageway 150. The operation of first and second valve control devices 19 and 29 of compressor 10 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention is carried out in the following manner. When the value of the duty ratio control signal is increased, the forward force generated at truncated cone section 293c of actuating rod 293 is decreased due to decrease in pressure in third chamber 85. On the other hand, when the value of the duty ratio signal is decreased, the forward force generated at truncated cone section 293c of actuating rod 293 is increased due to increase in third chamber 85. In operation of the compressor, the link between the crank and suction chambers is controlled by expansion or contacting of bellows 193 in response to the crank chamber pressure. As discussed above, bellows 193 is responsive at a predetermined pressure point to move valve member 195 into or out of spherical shaped opening 292a. However, since actuating rod 293 is forced to the forward due to receiving the discharge pressure at the rear end of actuating rod 293 and receiving the pressure in third chamber 85 at truncated cone section 293, actuating rod 293 applies a forward acting force on bellows 193 through bias spring 500 and valve member 195. The forward acting force provided by rod 293 tends to urge bellows 193 to contract, and thereby lowers the crank chamber pressure acting point at which bellows 193 contracts to open passageway 150 linking the crank and suction chambers. Since the crank chamber pressure acting point of bellows 193 is affected by the pressure force generated at both truncated cone section 293c and the rear end of actuating rod 293, the control of the link in crank and suction chambers 251 and 241 is responsive to both the discharge pressure and the pressure in third chamber 85. Accordingly, when the value of the duty ratio control signal is maintained at 0%, pressure in third chamber 85 is maintained at the discharge pressure so that both the force which is generated by receiving the discharge pressure at truncated cone section 293c and the force which is generated by receiving the discharge pressure at the rear end of actuating rod 293 are applied on bellows 193. Therefore, when the value of the duty ratio control signal is maintained at 0%, the crank chamber pressure acting point of bellows 193 lowers in accordance with increase in pressure in discharge chamber 251 as shown in line "A" in a graph of Figure 5. On the other hand, when the value of the duty ratio control signal is maintained at 100%, pressure in third chamber 85 is maintained at the suction pressure so that both the force which is generated by receiving the suction pressure at truncated cone section 293c and the force which is generated by receiving the discharge pressure at the rear end of actuating rod 293 are applied on bellows 193. Therefore, when the value of the duty ratio control signal is maintained at 100%, the crank chamber pressure acting point of bellows 193 lowers in accordance with increase in pressure in discharge chamber 251 as shown by line "B" in a graph of Figure 5. Furthermore, since the pressure in third chamber 85 varies from the discharge pressure to the suction pressure in response to changes in the value of the duty ratio control signal, the crank chamber pressure acting point of bellows 193 freely varies in hatched area "S" defined by lines "A" and "B". Therefore, in this embodiment, the compressor can be suitably used in an elaborately operated automotive air conditioning system. With reference to Figure 3, a second embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. The second embodiment is identical to the first embodiment with the exception that bellows 193 is disposed so as to be responsive to the suction pressure. Specifically, central bore 210′ terminates before the location of casing 191, and casing 191 is disposed in bore 220 which is isolated from bore 210′ and thus from the suction chamber. Bore 220 is linked to suction chamber 241 through conduit 154 formed in cylinder block 21. Thus, valve chamber 192 is maintained at the suction chamber pressure by hole 153, conduit 154, bore 220 and holes 19b, and bellows 193 is responsive to the suction pressure. Additionally, conduit 151 formed through valve seat 292 is linked to crank chamber 22 through conduit 155 also formed through cylinder block 21. Thus, bellows 193 is responsive to the suction pressure to expand or contract and thereby open or close the passageway linking crank and suction chambers 22 and 241. Second valve control device 29 is identical in the first embodiment, and acts to adjust the suction pressure response point of bellows 193 in accordance with the duty ratio control signal. With reference to Figure 4, a third embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. The third embodiment is identical to the first embodiment with the exception that solenoid valve mechanism 39 is disposed so as to control the communication between third chamber 85 with the crank chamber (not shown in Figure 4). Specifically, second cylindrical hollow portion 90′ terminates before the location of suction chamber 241, thereby isolating from suction chamber 241. Second hollow portion 90′ includes cavity 92a located at the forward of medium diameter section 392c of valve device 392, and cavity 92a is linked to crank chamber 22 through conduit 103 formed through cylinder block 21, valve plate assembly 200 and rear end plate 24. Accordingly, communication path 100′ linking third chamber 85 with crank chamber 22 is formed by radial holes 86, second chamber 84, second conduit 102, annular cavity 94, the passageway formed in valve device 392, cavity 92a and conduit 103. Therefore, solenoid valve mechanism 39 controls the pressure in third chamber 85 from the discharge pressure to the crank pressure in response to changes in the value of the duty ratio control signal. As shown by a graph of Figure 6, in this embodiment, the crank chamber pressure acting point of bellows 193 varies in hatched area "S′" defined by lines "A" and "B′", since the pressure in third chamber 85 varies from the discharge pressure to the crank pressure in response to changes in the value of the duty ratio control signal. In the graph of Figure 6, line "B′" shows a situation in which the value of the duty ratio control signal is maintained at 100%. When the value of the duty ratio control signal is maintained at 100%, pressure in third chamber 85 is maintained at the crank pressure so that the crank chamber pressure acting point of bellows 193 lowers in accordance with increase in pressure in discharge chamber 251 as shown by line "B′" in the graph of Figure 6. An effect of the second and third embodiments is similar to the effect of the first embodiment so that explanation thereof is omitted. This invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments. These embodiments, however, are merely for example only and the invention is not restricted thereto. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can easily be made within the scope of this invention as defined by the claims.

Claims: A slant plate type refrigerant compressor (10) including a compressor housing (20) enclosing a crank chamber (22), a suction chamber (241) and a discharge chamber (251) therein, the compressor housing (20) comprising a cylinder block (21) having a plurality of cylinders (70) formed therethrough, a piston (71) slidably fitted within each of the cylinders, a drive means (60) coupled to the pistons (71) for reciprocating the pistons within the cylinders (70), the drive means (26,60) including a drive shaft (26) rotatably supported in the housing (20) and coupling means (60) for drivingly coupling the drive shaft to the pistons (71) such that rotary motion of the drive shaft is converted into reciprocating motion of the pistons, the coupling means (60) including a slant plate (50) having a surface disposed at an adjustable inclined angle relative to a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft (26), the incline angle of the slant plate (50) adjustable to vary the stroke length of the pistons (71) in the cylinders to vary the capacity of the compressor, a passageway(31a,33a,32a,210,19b,192,292a,292b,151,152,153) formed in the housing and linking the crank chamber (22) and the suction chamber (241) in fluid communication, and capacity control means for varying the capacity of the compressor by adjusting the inclined angle, the capacity control means including a first valve control means (19) and a response pressure point adjusting means, including an actuating device (293) having a first surface which receives pressure in the discharge chamber (251), the first valve control means (19) for controlling the opening and closing of the passageway (31a-153) in response to changes in refrigerant pressure in the compressor to control the link between the crank (22) and suction (241) chambers to thereby control the capacity of the compressor, the first valve control means (19) responsive at a predetermined pressure, the response pressure point adjusting means responding to an external signal; characterised by the response pressure point adjusting means including an actuating chamber (85) linked to the discharge chamber (251) through a first communicating path (101,83,G) and linked to the suction chamber (241) through a second communicating path (86,84,102,94), a throttling element (293b) disposed in the first communicating path (101,83,G), a second valve control means (29) controlling to open and close the second communicating path (86-94) in order to vary pressure in the actuating chamber (85) from the pressure in the discharge chamber (251) to the pressure in the suction chamber (241) in response to the external signal, the actuating device (293) having a second surface (293c) which receives pressure in the actuating chamber (85) which acts with the first surface in order to apply a force to the first valve control means (19) so that the predetermined pressure point at which the first valve control means responds is controllably changed in response to changes in pressure in the actuating chamber (85) and changes in pressure in the discharge chamber (251). A compressor according to claim 1, further comprising a front end plate (23) disposed at one end of the cylinder block (21) and enclosing the crank chamber (22) within the cylinder block, and a rear end plate (24) disposed on the other end of the cylinder block, the discharge chamber (251) and the suction chamber (241) enclosed within the rear end plate (24) by the cylinder block (21), the coupling means further comprising a rotor (40) coupled to the drive shaft (26) and rotatable therewith, the rotor further linked to the slant plate (50). A compressor according to claim 2, further comprising a wobble plate (60) nutatably disposed about the slant plate (50), each piston (71) connected to the wobble plate (60) by a connecting rod (72), the slant plate (50) rotatable with respect to the wobble plate (60), rotation of the drive shaft (26), the rotor (40) and the slant plate (50) causing nutation of the wobble plate (60), nutation of the wobble plate (60) causing the pistons (71) to reciprocate in the cylinders. A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve control means (19) comprises a longitudinally expanding and contracting bellows (193) and a valve element (195) is attached at one end of the bellows. A compressor according to claim 4, wherein the bellows (193) expands in response to the crank chamber pressure to close the passageway (31a-153) when the pressure is below the predetermined response point. A compressor according to claim 5, wherein the bellows (193) is disposed in a bore (210) formed in the cylinder block (21), and the bore (210) is linked in fluid communication with the crank chamber (22). A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the response pressure point adjusting means comprises a solenoid actuating valve (39). A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve control means is responsive to the suction chamber pressure. A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve control means (19) is responsive to the crank chamber pressure. A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first (101,83,G) and second (86,84,102,94) communicating paths are so sized and shaped to have the volume of fluid flowing into the suction chamber (241) from the actuating chamber (85) being equal to or greater than the maximum volume of fluid flowing into the actuating chamber from the discharge chamber (251). A slant plate type refrigerant compressor (10) including a compressor housing (20) enclosing a crank chamber (22), a suction chamber (241) and a discharge chamber (251) therein, the compressor housing (20) comprising a cylinder block (21) having a plurality of cylinders (70) formed therethrough, a piston (71) slidably fitted within each of the cylinders, a drive means (60) coupled to the pistons (71) for reciprocating the pistons within the cylinders (70), the drive means (26,60) including a drive shaft (26) rotatably supported in the housing (20) and coupling means (60) for drivingly coupling the drive shaft to the pistons (71) such that rotary motion of the drive shaft is converted into reciprocating motion of the pistons, the coupling means (60) including a slant plate (50) having a surface disposed at an adjustable inclined angle relative to a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft (26), the incline angle of the slant plate (50) adjustable to vary the stroke length of the pistons (71) in the cylinders to vary the capacity of the compressor, a passageway (31a, 33a, 32a, 210, 19b, 192, 292a, 292b, 151, 152, 153) formed in the housing and linking the crank chamber (22) and the suction chamber (241) in fluid communication, and capacity control means for varying the capacity of the compressor by adjusting the inclined angle, the capacity control means including a first valve control means (19) and a response pressure point adjusting means, including an actuating device (293) having a first surface which receives pressure in the discharge chamber (251), the first valve control means (19) for controlling the opening and closing of the passageway (31a-153) in response to changes in refrigerant pressure in the compressor to control the link between the crank (22) and suction (241) chambers to thereby control the capacity of the compressor, the first valve control means (19) responsive at a predetermined pressure, the response pressure point adjusting means responding to an external signal; characterised by the response pressure point adjusting means including an actuating chamber (85) linked to the discharge chamber (85) through a first communicating path (101,83,G) and linked to the crank chamber (22) through a second communicating path (86,84,102,94), a throttling element (293b) disposed in the first communicating path (101,83,G), a second valve control means (29) controlling to open and close the second communicating path (86-94) in order to vary pressure in the actuating chamber (85) from the pressure in the discharge chamber (251) to the pressure in the suction chamber (241) in response to the external signal, the actuating device (293) having a second surface (293c) which receives pressure in the actuating chamber (85) which acts with the first surface in order to apply a force to the first valve control means (19) so that the predetermined pressure point at which the first valve control means responds is controllably changed in response to changes in pressure in the actuating chamber (85) and changes in pressure in the discharge chamber (251). A compressor according to claim 11, further comprising a front end plate (23) disposed at one end of the cylinder block (21) and enclosing the crank chamber (22) within the cylinder block, and a rear end plate (24) disposed on the other end of the cylinder block, the discharge chamber (251) and the suction chamber (241) enclosed within the rear end plate (24) by the cylinder block (21), the coupling means further comprising a rotor (40) coupled to the drive shaft (26) and rotatable therewith, the rotor further linked to the slant plate (50). A compressor according to claim 12, further comprising a wobble plate (60) nutatably disposed about the slant plate (50), each piston (71) connected to the wobble plate (60) by a connecting rod (72), the slant plate (50) rotatable with respect to the wobble plate (60), rotation of the drive shaft (26), the rotor (40) and the slant plate (50) causing nutation of the wobble plate (60), nutation of the wobble plate (60) causing the pistons (71) to reciprocate in the cylinders. A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve control means (19) comprises a longitudinally expanding and contracting bellows (193) and a valve element (195) is attached at one end of the bellows. The compressor according to claim 14, wherein the bellows expands in response to the crank chamber pressure to close the passageway (31a-153) when the pressure is below the predetermined response point. A compressor according to claim 15, wherein the bellows (193) is disposed in a bore (210) formed in the cylinder block (21), and the bore (210) is linked in fluid communication with the crank chamber (22). A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the response pressure point adjusting means comprises a solenoid actuating valve (39). A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve control means is responsive to the suction chamber pressure. A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first valve control means (19) is responsive to the crank chamber pressure. A compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first (101,83,G) and second (86,84,102,94) communicating paths are so sized and shaped to have the volume of fluid flowing into the crank chamber (22) from the actuating chamber (85) being equal to or greater than the maximum volume of fluid flowing into the actuating chamber from the discharge chamber (251).

Inventors: TAGUCHI, YUKIHIKO
Applicants: SANDEN CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: F04B1
IPC codes: F04B27