Gas circuit breaker

Abstract: A gas circuit breaker comprising a pair of contactors contact portions (9, 33) of which are separable relatively from the other, an insulating nozzle (42) of an electrically insulating material surrounding the contact portions of said contactors so as to guide a flow of gas, and a puffer chamber (30) for compressing the gas in conjunction with a separating operation of the contact portions so as to supply it under guidance of the insulating nozzle, the gas from the puffer chamber being exhausted through exhaust passage (40) passing through a hollow portion (36) of the one contactor, namely a movable contactor (33), located within the insulating nozzle, wherein the exhaust passages are formed between the puffer chamber and the one contactor, and the gas circuit breaker further comprises an exhaust gas guide (19) serving to open to an air through an end of an exhaust gas guide between the contact closing time and the time about which a movable contactor and a fixed contactor are just going to be separated at an initial stage, close during the initial stage of the separating operation and open afterward exhaust ports formed at ends of the exhaust passages located on the downstream side of the gas flow. This makes it possible to reduce the flow resistance to the gas flow used for arc extinguishment in cooperation with an arc-extinguishing gas flow passing through a throat portion of the insulating nozzle, to reduce a force required for operation and to reduce the size of the gas circuit breaker.

Description: The present invention relates to a gas circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1 which opens a high-current electric circuit with use of gas, and more particularly, to a puffer type gas circuit breaker. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The reducing of the operating power in a puffer type circuit breaker, which is at present the most widely used gas circuit breaker, has generally been done by employing a structure consisting of a combination of a puffer system and a self-actuated arc-extinguishing system in which the arc heat is utilized positively to increase the gas pressure and reduce the gas-compressing external force. In the puffer type circuit breaker, a double flow system in which a high pressure gas is blown against both the stationary portion and the movable portion is an essential technique for a large current circuit breaking operation. This kind of puffer type gas circuit breaker is disclosed, for instance, in U.S. Patent No. 3,839,613, according to which the preamble of claim 1 was worded. In accordance with these facts, a puffer type gas circuit breaking structure shown in Figs. 1 to 3 in which a gas pressurized by arc heat is blown effectively against the arc by utilizing a double flow system has been proposed by the inventors of the present patent application in another patent application, i.e. EP-A- 0 405 410, which is a prior art document according to Article 54(3) EPC. Fig. 1 shows the proposed puffer gas circuit breaker in which the contacts are closed. Fig. 2 shows a circuit breaking operation in an early stage. Fig. 3 shows a circuit breaking operation in an intermediate stage. Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a closed container, an inside 2 of which is filled with an arc-extinguishing gas such as SF₆ gas. A shaft portion 5 of a fixed element body 4 made of an electrically conductive material is fixed at one end 6 thereof to an end wall 3 of the closed container 1. The fixed element body 4 is constituted by a central fixed element portion, that is, a fixed arc contactor portion 9 extending in an axial direction A from the center of a flange portion 8 formed at the other end 7 of the shaft portion 5, and a hollow cylindrical main fixed element portion 10 extending from the circumferential edge of the flange portion 8 in the axial direction A. Reference numeral 11 denotes a frame body fixed to and allowed to stand stationary with respect to the closed container 1 like the fixed element body 4. The frame body 11 has a cylindrical base portion 13 of large thickness having a central hole 12. A hollow cylindrical puffer piston portion 15 is formed to extend from a radially inner edge portion of an end portion 14 of the base portion 13 in an axial direction B. The cylindrical piston portion 15 has a hole 16 which is coaxial with an has the same diameter as that of the central hole 12. A cylindrical portion 17 of medium diameter is formed to extend from a radially outer edge portion of the end portion 14 of the base portion 13 in the axial direction B, a flange portion 18 is formed to extend radially outwardly from the end of the medium-diameter cylindrical portion 17, and an exhaust gas guide 19 of large diameter is formed to extend from the outer edge of the flange portion 18 in the axial direction B. Reference numeral 20 denotes a plurality of openings formed circumferentially equidistantly, in the large-diamter exhaust gas guide 19 serving as block means, at the auxiliary predetermined position C thereof. Reference numeral 21 denotes a movable part made of an electrically conductive material which is movable in the axial directions A and B with respect to the fixed element body 4. The movable part 21 has an operating shaft 24 which is fixed at one end 23 thereof to an operating device or actuator 22 and extends from the end 23 in the axial direction B while slidably passing through the holes 12, 16 of the frame body 11. The shaft portion 24 is formed at the other end 25 thereof with a hollow conical portion 26 which extends radially outwardly from the end 25 in the direction B. The conical portion 26 is curved smoothly at a tip end 27 thereof for permitting gas to flow smoothly to be described later. An outer edge portion 28 of the conical portion 26 is bent radially outwardly and brought into gastight contact with an inner peripheral surface 29 of the large-diameter exhaust gas guide 19 of the frame body 11 in the state of Fig. 1. A cylindrical portion 31 serving as a puffer cylinder is formed to extend from an intermediate portion of the inside surface of the conical portion 26 in the axial direction A and fitted around the cylindrical piston portion 15 of the frame body 11 so as to define a cylindrical puffer chamber 30 in cooperation with the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 24. The conical portion 26 is formed with a hole 32 which opens into the chamber 30 so that, when the movable part 21 is moved in the direction A with respect to the frame body 11, the compressed gas is enabled to flow out of the chamber 30 with the insertion of the piston portion 15 into the chamber 30 in the direction B. Further, a hollow cylindrical movable contactor portion, that is, a movable arc contactor portion 33 is formed to extend from the end of the shaft portion 24 in the axial direction B. The cylindrical movable contactor portion 33 is fitted around the central fixed element portion 9 in the inoperative state, that is, in the closed state (Fig. 1), and, when the movable part 21 is moved in the direction A with respect to the fixed element body 4, electric contact between the both is released. The movable contactor portion 33 is formed in the outer peripheral surface thereof with concave portions 34 at a position close to the tip end, and ring springs 35 are provided in the concave portions 34. A space 36 defined inside the movable contactor portion 33 is diverged conically at a part 37 thereof close to the curved end 27 of the shaft portion 24. A cylinder 38 of large diameter, the tip end of which serves as a main movable element, is formed to extend in the axial direction B from the outer edge portion 28 of the conical portion 26. The large-diameter cylinder 38 of the movable part 21 is fitted gastightly in the large-diameter exhaust gas guide 19 of the frame body 11. The large-diameter cylinder 38 is formed with a plurality of openings 39 circumferentially equidistantly at the position thereof in the vicinity of the outer edge portion 28. A passage 40 extending radially outwardly from the conical chamber 37 in the movable contactor portion 33 is formed between each of the openings 39 and the conical chamber 37. These passages 40 are defined by the conical portion 26 and a plurality of internal wall portions 41 each extending obliquely, so that each passage 40 is inclined with respect to the radial direction so as to make smooth the flow of gas from the chamber 36. The passages 40 serve as exhaust passages, and the openings 39 serve as exhaust ports. Reference numeral 42 denotes a nozzle made of an electrically insulating material. The nozzle 42 comprises a hollow cylindrical large-diameter portion 43, a nozzle main body portion 45 of small diameter having a nozzle hole 44, and an intermediate portion 46 for connecting the large-diameter portion 43 with the main body portion 45. The nozzle hole 44 is constituted by a cylindrical hole portion 47 as a throat portion into which the central fixed element portion 9 is fitted gastightly, and a conical hole portion 48 extending outwardly therefrom. One end 49 of the large-diameter portion 43 of the nozzle 42 is brought into gastight engagement with the inside groove formed in an expanded end portion 50 of the large-diameter cylindrical portion 38 of the movable part 21, so that the nozzle 42 cooperates with the large-diameter cylindrical portion 38, the internal wall portions 41, the conical portion 26 and the movable contactor portion 33 of the movable part 21 to define an expansion chamber 51 in which the gas heated and compressed by the arc is stored or accumulated. In addition, the fixed element body 4 and the movable part 21 are arranged in series in an AC line of 50 to 60 Hz, for example, through terminals 52 and 53. In the inoperative (closed) state of a circuit breaker 60 of the above construction, an electric current flows between the terminals 52 and 53 through electrical connections between the central fixed element portion 9 and the movable contactor portion 33 which are in contact with each other and between the main fixed element portion 10 and the large-diameter cylindrical portion 38 of the movable part 21 which are in contact with each other as shown in Fig. 1. In breaking the electrical connection between the terminals 52 and 53, the circuit breaker 60 is operated in the following manner. First, upon receipt of an instruction (signal) to interrupt the current,the operating device 22 is actuated to cause the shaft portion 24 of the movable part 21 to move in the direction A with respect to the fixed element body 4 and the frame body 11. This movement first breaks the electrical connection between the main fixed element portion 10 and the large-diameter cylindrical portion 38 of the movable part 21, but the central fixed element portion 9 and the movable contactor portion 33 are kept in contact with each other. The movement of the movable part 21 in the direction A causes the cylindrical piston portion 15 of the frame body 11 to be moved relatively into the puffer chamber 30 in the direction B, so that the pressure of gas in the puffer chamber 30 and the expansion chamber 51 communicated therewith is increased. Further movement of the shaft portion 24 in the direction A causes the central fixed element portion 9 to slip out of the movable contactor portion 33, thus starting parting of the movable contactor portion 33 from the central fixed element portion 9. As a result, the arc discharge 61 starts to take place between the central fixed element portion 9 and the movable contactor portion 33. During an initial stage of such breaking operation, the central fixed element portion 9 still closes the hole 47 of the nozzle 42 so that relative insertion of the cylindrical piston portion 15 of the frame body 11 into the puffer chamber 30 in the direction B causes the increase of the pressure of the gas not only in the puffer chamber 30 and the expansion chamber 52 but also in the chamber 36 defined inside the movable contactor portion 33 in communication with the expansion chamber 51 and the exhaust passages 40 the openings 39 of which are closed by the cylindrical portion 38 serving as the block means. In addition, the arc 61 produced between the central fixed element portion 9 and the movable contactor portion 33 causes the gas in the expansion chamber 51 and the chamber 36 inside the movable contactor portion 33 to be heated, resulting in the increase of the pressure of the gas in the expansion chamber 51 and the like. In case that the electric current to be inter-rupted is relatively small, since the arc 61 heats the gas to a relatively low degree, the gas is not so much heated nor compressed by the arc 61 but the gas in the chambers 30, 51, 36 and 40 has been compressed to reach a certain level of pressure due to insertion of the piston 15 into the puffer chamber 30. In consequence, as shown in Fig. 2, when a further movement of the movable part 21 in the direction A causes the central fixed element portion 9 to slip out of the throat-like cylindrical hole 47 of the nozzle 42, the gaseous plasm of the arc discharge 61 is cooled by the gas flow 62 flowing out of the expansion chamber 51 through the throat-like hole portion 47, that is, by means of pufferring of the gas flow 62, resulting in that the electric resistance in this gaseous region is increased to extinguish the arc discharge 61 at a timing close to the zero-cross point of an instantaneous magnitude of AC electric current where the arc 61 is made thin, thereby breaking the electrical connection between the central fixed element portion 9 and the movable contactor portion 33. In the circuit breaker 60, since no exhaust passage is formed in the shaft 24 unlike the conventional circuit breakers, the shaft 24 can be formed relatively small in diameter. In addition, only a small amount of gas is required for pufferring in regard to a small current, so that the diameter of the puffer chamber 30 formed around the shaft 24 of relatively small diameter can be made relatively small as well, resulting in that the cross-sectional area of the puffer chamber 30 is reduced and, therefore, the operating force exerted by the operating device 22 can be reduced. On the other hand, in case that the electric current to be interrupted is large, the gas continues to be heated and compressed by the arc 61 until the central fixed element portion 9 slips out of the throat hole portion 47 of the nozzle 42 as shown in Fig. 2, and however, it is impossible to extinguish the arc 61 by cooling it using only pufferring of the gas flow 62 passing through the throat hole portion 47 of the nozzle 42. However, when the movalbe part 21 is further moved in the direction A to bring the breaking operation in its intermediate stage as shown in Fig. 3, the central fixed element portion 9 is made to come out of the conical hole 48 of the nozzle 42 and the exhaust ports 39 of the exhaust passages 40 are moved to the position C so as to be perfectly communicated with the openings 20 of the large-diameter cylindrical portion 19 as the block means. In consequent, the gaseous plasma of the arc discharge 61 is cooled by two gas flows, that is, double flows including the gas flow 62 flowing through the throat-like hole portion 47 from the puffer chamber 30 and the expansion chamber 51 the pressure in which has been increased and the gas flow 63 flowing from the expansion chamber 51 through the chamber 36, the exhaust passages 40 and the openings 39, resulting in that the electric resistance in this arc region is increased to extinguish the arc 61 at a timing close to the zero-cross point of the instantaneous magnitude of AC electric current, thus breaking the electrical connection between the central fixed element portion 9 and the movable contactor portion 33. The time from receipt of breaking instruction to extinguishment of the arc 61 is substantially equal to the time during which the instantaneous AC current value becomes zero twice (about 1/50 to 1/60 sec., for example). In the circuit breaker 60, since the exhaust passages 40 are arranged to extend radially outwardly between the movable contactor portion 33 and the puffer chamber 30 unlike the conventional circuit breakers, the length of the exhaust passage 40 can be reduced independent of the length of the puffer chamber 30. In consequence, the flow resistance of the exhaust passage 40 to the gas flow 63 discharged through the exhaust passages 40 and the openings 39 can be reduced so that the gas flow 63 can be made large sufficiently at the timing shown in Fig. 3, thereby assuring more reliably the extinguishment of the arc 61 using the gas flow 63 in cooperation with the gas flow 62. In the circuit breaking operation in the early stage shown in Fig. 2, an arc 61 occurs between the fixed contactor 9 and the movable contactor 33, and an arc-extinguishing gas in the cylinder 38 and the puffer chamber 30 is heated thereby. Since the opening 39 on the side of the movable contactor 33 is closed by the exhaust gas guide 19, a wasteful gas flow does not occur at this time. In the circuit breaking operation in the intermediate stage shown in Fig. 3, when the fixed contactor 9 becomes out of the insulating nozzle 42, the opening 39 on the side of the movable portion also becomes out of the exhaust gas guide 19, and gas flows in the both directions occur simultaneously to extinguish the arc 61. According to the gas circuit breaker shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the double flow system capable of carrying out an effective gas blowing operation can be obtained by virtue of the decrease in the flow passage resistance and the increase in the degree of freedom of setting the surface areas of the flow passage and opening 39, which are ascribable to the success in reducing the length of the gas flow passage 40 on the side of the movable section. However, the gas circuit breaker shown in Figs. 1 to 3 has the following drawback encountered when the voltage in the circuit breaking section need to increase and the size need to be reduced. In order to increase the voltage in the circuit breaking section, it is necessary that the distance L between the main stationary member 10 and the exhaust gas guide 19 in a circuit breaking state must be large as shown in Fig. 3. However, in order to increase the distance L, the positions of the front end of the exhaust gas guide 19 and the opening 39 have to be shifted to the side of the movable section. This causes the longitudinal length of the circuit breaking structure to increase. This contradicts the requirement the circuit breaking section must be reduced. Furthermore, the length of the gas flow passage 40 also increases, so that the flow passage resistance increases and the circuit breaking performance lowers. Besides these, there are some other problems. Namely, the fixed contactor 9, the movable contactor 33 and the insulating nozzle 45 can not be replaced easily because the distance L is too short, and the opening 39 cannot easily inspected. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a gas circuit breaker capable of increasing the voltage of a circuit breaking section and miniaturizing the same, and having a stable circuit breaking performance. The object can be achieved by the features of claim 1. Even when the opening is opened between the contact closing time and the time about which the-contactors are separated in the initial stage of the circuit breaking operation, a gas flow from the movable contactor does not substantially occur, so that a wasteful outflow of gas does not occur in the period of time. Therefore, the increasing of distance between the exhaust gas guide and a hollow cylindrical main fixed element portion mentioned later and of the voltage of the circuit breaking section can be done without causing an increase in the size of the circuit breaking section and a decrease in the circuit breaking performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker proposed previously by the inventors of the present invention, showing a closed state; Figs. 2 and 3 are sectional views of Fig. 1, showing the initial stage and the intermediate stage of a breaking operation, respectively; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional views of the gas circuit breaker of Fig. 4, showing the initial stage and the intermediate stage of a breaking operation, respectively, shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a partially broken perspective view of the gas circuit breaker of Fig. 4, showing an example of the concrete structure of a movable part; Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the whole movable part and the exhaust gas guide shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 11 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to still another embodiment of the present invention; Figs. 15 and 16 are sectional views of the gas circuit breaker of Fig. 14, showing the initial stage and the intermediate stage of a breaking operation, respectively, shown in Fig. 14; and Fig. 17 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker according to still another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in a contact-closed state. This embodiment differs from an embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3 as explained in the followings. The front end of an exhaust gas guide 19 is shifted to the side of a movable section, and an opening 39 is opened in a closed state. The opening 39 is closed by the exhaust gas guide 19 immediately before or immediately after the fixed contactor 9 and the movable contactor 33 are separated. The circuit breaking operation thereafter is carried out in the same manner as in the circuit breaker described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. By this construction, even when the opening 39 is opened between the contact closing time and the time about which the electrodes of the fixed and movable contactors 9 and 33 are separated in the circuit breaking operation, a gas flow from the nozzle 45 in the movable contactor 33 does not substantially occur. This is, since a wasteful gas flow which deteriorates the circuit breaking performance does not occur, the length L between the exhaust gas guide 19 and the main fixed element portion 10 and the voltage in the circuit breaking section can be increased without affecting the circuit breaking performance. For instance, when the pole distance length L between the exhaust gas guide 19 and the main fixed element portion 10 shown in Fig. 6 becomes longer 1.4 times compared with the pole distance length L shown in Fig. 3, the insulation performance between the poles of the exhaust gas guide 19 and the main fixed element portion 10 shown in Fig. 6 becomes larger approximately 1.4 times compared with that of Fig. 1. In Figs. 4 to 6, the movable part 21 is illustrated as being a single body in practice except the insulating nozzle 42. However, the movable part 21 may be an assembly of parts suitable to manufacture and assemble. Figs. 7 to 10 show an example of the movable part 21 constituted by an assembly 21a. The movable part 21a comprises four electrically conductive members 71, 72, 73 and 74 and an insulating nozzle 42. The first member 71 mainly forms a shaft portion 24 and a movable contactor portion 33. The movable contactor portion 33 of the first member 71 is formed circumferentially equidistantly with a plurality of (3 or 4, for example) notched portions 40a which partially form exhaust passages 40. The second member 72 mainly forms an outer peripheral wall or puffer cylinder 31 of a puffer chamber 30 and a conical wall portion 26 which partially forms the exhaust passages 40 and expansion chambers 51. The wall portion 26 is formed, in parts thereof which define the expansion chambers 51, with holes circumferentially equidistantly which serves as passages 32 for communicating the puffer chamber 30 with the expansion chambers 51. The expansion chambers 51, the holes 32 and the exhaust passages 40 are equal in number to each other. Further, in a part of this example a radially outer end portion 28 of the conical wall portion 26 does not extend perpendicularly but obliquely to the axial. The third member 73 is constituted by an umbrella-shaped member which mainly serves to partially form the peripheral walls of the exhaust passages 40. Convex portions of the bevel member serve to constitute wall portions 41 of the exhaust passages 40, and concave portions thereof are closely put on the conical portion 26 of the second member 72 to constitute the wall portions of the expansion chambers 51. The convex portions constituting the wall portions 41 are formed at circumferential positions where they exactly coincide with the notched portions 40a of the first member 71. The fourth member 74 serves to support airtightly the insulating nozzle 42 by a portion of the inner peripheral wall of a cylinder 38 serving as the main movable element as well as to mainly form the expansion chambers 51. The fourth member 74 is put on the conical portion 26 of the second member 72 so as to exactly cover the movable contactor portion 33 of the first member 71 and the third member 73. The fourth member 74 is formed with notched portions 39a which correspond to the exhaust ports 39 at circumferential positions corresponding to the exhaust passages 40. Fig. 10 shows an example in which the frame 11 and the movable part 21a of the circuit breaker are formed by the elements shown in Figs. 7 to 9. Fig. 11 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker 80 according to another embodiment of the present invention (but the container 1 and the like are not shown). In Fig. 11, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same members and components as those of the embodiment shown in Figs. 4 to 6. In the gas circuit breaker 80 shown in Fig. 11, the passage 32 for communicating the puffer chamber 30 with the expansion chamber 51 is provided with a check valve 81. The check valve 81 is so designed as to permit the gas to flow from the puffer chamber 30 into the expansion chamber 51 but forbid the gas to flow from the expansion chamber 51 into the puffer chamber 30. In consequence, in interrupting the electric current, when the gas pressure in the expansion chamber 51 is higher than that in the puffer chamber 30, since the check valve 81 is closed the compressed gas in the expansion chamber 51 is first used for pufferring against the arc 61. Namely, the compressed gas in the expansion chamber 51 serves as the source of cooling flows 62 and 63 along the arc 61. This pufferring of the cooling flows 62 and 63 causes the gas pressure in the expansion chamber 51 to become lower than the gas pressure in the buffer chamber 30. Then the check valve 81 is opened to allow the gas pufferring cooling flows 62 and 63 to arise from the puffer chamber 30. Accordingly, the duration of gas pufferring for extinguishment of the arc 61 can be made longer as compared with the gas circuit breaker 60 with no check valve 81, thereby assuring the extinguishment of the arc 61 more reliably. In addition, as the pressure in the puffer chamber 30 is not increase even when the pressure in the expansion chamber 51 is increased upon interrupting large electric current, the reaction force against operation of the shaft 24 can be made smaller. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker 83 according to still another embodiment of the present invention (but the container 1 and the like are not shown). In Fig. 12, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same members and components as those of the embodiment shown in Figs. 4 to 11. In the gas circuit breaker 83 shown in Fig. 12 a peripheral wall 84 of the exhaust port 39 of each of the exhaust passages 40 is formed by an annular projection which projects in the radial direction of the shaft 24. Namely, the annular projection 84 projecting in the radial direction of the shaft 24 is formed around each of the exhaust ports 39 in the large-diameter cylinder 38 of a movable part 21b corresponding to the movable part 21 of Fig. 4. This makes larger the radius of a large-diameter cylindrical cylinder 19a of a frame body 11a, corresponding to the large-diameter cylinder 19 of the frame body 11 of Fig. 1, by an amount corresponding to the radial height of the projection 84. The large-diameter cylinder 19a, therefore, is brought into slide contact only with the projecting ends of the annular projections 84 formed circumferentailly equidistantly on the movable part 21b, thus opening and closing the exhaust ports 39. As a result the slide contact area of the movable part 21b can be made smaller than that of the movable part 21, thereby making it possible to reduce the sliding resistance of the movable part 21b. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a gas circuit breaker 85 according to still another embodiment of the present invention (but the container 1 and the like are not shown). In Fig. 13, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same members and components as those of the embodiment shown in Figs 4 to 11. In the gas circuit breaker 85 shown in Fig. 13, a cylindrical portion 31a of a movable element 21c, corresponding to the cylindrical portion 31 of the movable part 21 of Fig. 4, has a large diameter so as to be brought into slide contact with the large-diameter cylinder 19 of the frame body 11. Therefore, a puffer chamber 30a has a large diameter as well, and a piston main body portion 86 of the frame body 11b which is inserted into the puffer chamber 30a is formed at the tip end of a hollow shaft piston portion 15a. In addition, a hole 32a formed in the conical wall 26 defining the end portion of the puffer chamber 30a has a large diameter as well. The structure of this embodiment is made more simple than the structures of the other embodiments mentioned above. In addition, the main fixed element 10 can be dispensed with. In this case, the cylindrical portion of the movable member 21 does not function as the main movable element but functions as the wall for defining the expansion chamber. Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 14 to 16. This embodiment is shown in a contact-closed state like the embodiment of Fig. 2. The difference is that a shield 161 is provided around a main stationary member 10, and a gas shield 162 formed integrally with an exhaust gas guide 19 is provided. A reference numeral 1 denotes an insulator or an earthed metal container, and 163, 164 gas spaces. It is generally known to provide a gas circuit breaker with a shield used to alleviate the electric fields between the exhaust gas guide 19 and the hollow cylindrical main fixed element portion 10, and a gas shield used to prevent high-temperature gas discharged during a large-current circuit breaking operation from damaging the container 1, or dielectric breakdown from occurring, with a view to increasing the voltage in the circuit breaker. The embodiment, in which the exhaust gas guide 19 and the gas shield 162 are formed integrally, enables the number of parts to be reduced. Referring to Fig. 17, the embodiment shown in this drawing is in an intermediate stage of a circuit breaking operation. This embodiment is different from the embodiment of Fig. 16 in that a gas shield 162 is provided with exhaust bores 65 with a gas shielding member 66 provided on the outer side of these bores. In a circuit breaking structure to which the present invention is applied, the gas flow passage extending from a movable contactor 33 from which an arc is formed to an opening 39 via a nozzle 45 and a gas flow passage 40 is shortened. Accordingly, the gas is not substantially cooled with the circumferential members, and high-temperature gas is discharged in a gas space 163. In consequence, the pressure in the gas space 163 increases, and the flow rate of the gas from the opening 39 is restricted, so that the circuit breaking performance lowers. If exhaust bores 65 are provided in a gas shield 62 with a gas shielding member 66 on the cuter side of the bores as in the embodiment, increase in the pressure in the gas space 163, damage to a container 1 due to a high-temperature gas flow from the gas space 163 to the gas space 164, and the dielectric breakdown between the circuit breaking structure and container 1 can be all prevented. According to the present invention, the anode-cathode distance can be increased without adversely affecting the circuit breaking performance, so that a gas circuit breaker capable of increasing the voltage in the circuit breaking section to a high level and having a stable circuit breaking performance can be provided.

Claims: A gas circuit breaker comprising a pair of contactors which comprises a fixed contactor (9) and a movable contactor (33) and are separable relatively from each other, an insulating nozzle (42) of an electrically insulating material surrounding said contactors so as to guide a flow of gas, a puffer chamber (30) for compressing the gas therein in conjunction with a separating operation of said contactors, a cylinder (38) forming a unitary body together with said movable contactor and said insulating nozzle and forming an expansion chamber (51) which communicates with said puffer chamber (30), an exhaust passage (40) which leads from said expansion chamber (51) to an exhaust port (39) having an opening in the side of said cylinder, and an exhaust gas guide (19) which contacts gas-tightly on said cylinder, characterised in that said exhaust port (39) is open to communicate with an external space in the closed position of said movable contactor (33) and said fixed contactor (9), becomes closed by said exhaust gas guide (19) from an initial stage of separation of said movable contactor (33) and said fixed contactor (9) toward an intermediate stage of separation, and opens in a subsequent stage of separation. The gas circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust gas guide includes a gas shield plate (162). The gas circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein said gas shield plate (162) has an exhaust bore (65). The gas circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust gas guide (19) has an exhaust port for exhausting said gas from said puffer chamber (51) through said exhaust passage (40).

Inventors: KOYANAGI OSAMU, SEKI YASUHARU, TSUKUSHI MASANORI, KOYANAGI, OSAMU, SEKI, YASUHARU, TSUKUSHI, MASANORI
Applicants: HITACHI LTD, HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: H01H33
IPC codes: H01H33