OPTCALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

Abstract: Optically active compounds represented by the following formula (1), (2) or (3) are disclosed. wherein R and R′ are C₁₋₂₀ alkyl groups; X and Y₁ are -, O, S, or divalent groups such as COO, OOC and OCOO; m is 0 or 1; n is 0 to 5; A₂ is a cyclic group, such as p,p′-­ biphenylene, 2,6-naphthylene, 2,5-pyrimidinylene-1,4-­ phenylene, A₁-Y₂-pyridylene or A₄-Y₂-A₅; Y₂ is CH₂CH₂ or C-­ C triple bond; A₃ is 2,6-naphthylene, A₁-Y₂-pyridylene or A₆-CH₂CH₂-A₇; A₁, A₄, A₅, A₆ and A₇ are cyclic groups, such as 1,4-phenylene and/or 4,4′-biphenylene.

Description: This invention relates to optically active compounds. More particularly, it relates to optically active compounds useful as components for liquid crystal compositions. Besides combinations of liquid crystal compounds showing chiral smectic phases, there have been known ferroelectric liquid crystal materials, obtained by adding optically active compounds to liquid crystal matrix, such as liquid crystal compounds or compositions showing smectic C phase or smectic H phase [Ann. Phys., 3 ,237 (1987)]. However, most optically active compounds, used for this purpose, produced from optically active alcohols (such as optically active 2-octanol or optically active 2-butanol) of small intramolecular dipole moment, provide long response time when added to liquid crystal compounds or compositions as matrix, and are in difficulty for practical use. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optically active compound practically suitable for adding to liquid crystal compounds or compositions. It is another object of the present invention to provide an optically active compound which can attain improved response time when added to liquid crystal compounds or compositions as matrix. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal, comprising an optically active compound, showing improved response time. Briefly, these and other objects of the present invention as hereinafter will become more readily apparent have been attained broadly by optically active compounds represented by the following general formula wherein R and R' are the same or different alkyl groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with at least one subsituent selected from the group consisting of F, Cl and alkoxy groups; X is - (direct bond), O, S, COO, OOC, OCOO or C#C; A₁ is a cyclic group selected from the group consisting of Ph, Pyr, Pym, Pyd, Pyz, Bp and Nt; n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5; A₂ is Bp, Nt, Pym-Ph, Ph-Pym, A₁-Y₂-Pyr or A₄-Y₂-A₅; Y₂ is CH₂CH₂ or C#C, A₄ and A₅ are the same or different cyclic groups selected from the group consisting of Ph and Bp; C#C represents C-C triple bond; and Ph, Pyr, Pym, Pyd, Pyz, Bp and Nt represent 1,4-phenylene, 2,5-pyridylene, 2,5-pyrimidinylene, 3,6-pyridazinylene, 2,5-pyrazinylene, 4,4'-biphenylene and 2,6-naphthylene groups, respectively, which may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, CN, NO₂ and CF₃. Fig.1 (a) to Fig.5 (a) are IR spectra of optically active compounds of Examples 1 to 5, respectively. Fig.1(b) to Fig. 5 (b) are H-NMR spectra of optically active compounds of Examples 1 to 5, respectively. Fig.1(c) to Fig..5(c) are F-NMR spectra of optically active compounds of Examples 1 to 5 respectively. In the above general formula R and R' are the same or different alkyl groups containing usually 1 - 20, preferably 1 - 18 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and alkoxy groups containing 1 to 10 or more carbon atoms. Illustrative of suitable alkyl groups are straight-chain alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-penta-decyl, n-hexadecyl and n-octadecyl groups; branched alkyl groups, such as iso-propyl, 1-methylpropyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1-methylhexyl, 1-methylheptyl, 1-methyloctyl, 2 methylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 2 methyl- pentyl, 2-methylhexyl, 2-methylheptyl, 2 methyloctyl- pentyl, 2-methylhexyl, 2-methylheptyl, 2-methyloctyl, 2-methylnonyl, 2-methyldecyl, 2-methylundecyl, 2-methyl-dodecyl, 2-methyltridecyl, 2-methyltetradecyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 3-methylpentyl, 3-methylhexyl, 3-methylheptyl, 3-methyloctyl, 4-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, 4-methyl-heptyl, 4-methyloctyl, 5-methylhexyl, 5-methylheptyl, 5-methyloctyl, 5-methylnonyl, 5-methyldecyl, 6-methylheptyl, 6-methyloctyl, 6-methylnonyl, 6-methyldecyl, 7-methyl-octyl, 7-methylnonyl, 7-methyldecyl, 8-methyldecyl, 9-methyldecyl and 9-methylundecyl groups; cyclic alkyl groups, such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl groups; and substituted alkyl groups, including F-substituted alkyl groups, such as 2-fluoropropyl, 2-fluorobutyl, 2-fluoropentyl, 2-fluoro-hexyl, 2-fluoroheptyl, 2-fluorooctyl, 2-fluorononyl, 2-fluorodecyl, 2-fluoroundecyl, 2-fluorododecyl, 2-fluoro-tridecyl, 2-fluorotetradecyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluoro-butyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl, 7-fluoroheptyl, 8-fluorooctyl, 9-fluorononyl, 10-fluorodecyl, 11-fluoro-undecyl, 12-fluorododecyl, 2-(perfluoro-n-butyl)ethyl, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyl, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl,.2-(perfluoro-n-decyl) ethyl, 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyl, 2-fluoro- 3-methylpentyl and 2-fluoro-4-methylpentyl groups; Cl-substituted alkyl groups, such as 2-chloropropyl, 2-chlorobutyl, 2-chloropentyl, 2-chlorohexyl, 2-chloro -heptyl, 2-chlorooctyl, 2-chlorononyl, 2-chlorodecyl, 2-chloroundecyl, 2-chlorododecyl, 2-chlorotridecyl, 2-chlorotetradecyl, 2-chloro-3-methylbutyl, 2-chloro-3-methylpentyl and 2-chloro-4-methylpentyl groups; and alkoxy-substituted alkyl groups, such as 2-methoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 2-propoxypropyl, 2-butoxypropyl, 2-pentyl-oxypropyl, 2-heptyloxypropyl, 2-octyloxypropyl, 2-nonyl-oxypropyl, 2-decyloxypropyl, 2-(2-methylbutyloxy)propyl, 2-iso-propoxypropyl, 3-butyloxybutyl, 3-pentyloxybutyl, 3-hexyloxybutyl, 3-heptyloxybutyl, 3-octyloxybutyl, 3-nonyl-oxybutyl, 3-decyloxybutyl, 3-(2-methylbutyloxy)butyl, 3-hexyloxybutyl, 3-heptyloxybutyl, 3-octyloxybutyl, 3-nonyl- oxybutyl, 3-decyloxybutyl, 3-(2-methylbutyloxy)butyl, 3-iso-propyloxybutyl, 4-methoxypentyl, 4-ethoxypentyl, 4-propoxypentyl, 4-butyloxypentyl, 4-pentyloxypentyl, 4-hexyloxypentyl, 4-heptyloxypentyl, 4-octyloxypentyl, 4-nonyloxypentyl, 4-decyloxypentyl, 4-(2-methylbutyloxy) pentyl, 4-(2-methylpentyloxy)pentyl and 4-isopropoxypentyl groups. Alkyl groups R and R' may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, and may be optically active (hereinafter referred to as oa). Suitable oa groups include, for example, oa alkyl groups, such as oa 1-methylpropyl, oa 1-methylbutyl, oa 1-methylpentyl, oa 1-methylhexyl, oa 1-methylheptyl, oa 1-methyloctyl, oa 2-methylbutyl, oa 2-methylpentyl, oa 2-methylhexyl, oa 2-methylheptyl, oa 2-methyloctyl, oa 2-methylnonyl, oa 2-methyldecyl, oa 2-methylundecyl, oa 2-methyldodecyl, oa 2-methyltridecyl, oa 2-methyltetradecyl, oa 3-methylpentyl, oa 3-methylhexyl, oa 3-methylheptyl, oa 3-methyloctyl, oa 4-methylhexyl, oa 4-methylheptyl, oa 4-methyloctyl, oa 5-methylheptyl, oa 5-methyloctyl, oa 5-methylnonyl, oa 5-methyldecyl, oa 6-methyloctyl, oa 6-methylnonyl, oa 6-methyldecyl, oa 7-methylnonyl, oa 7-methyldecyl, oa 8-methyldecyl and oa 9-methylundecyl groups; and substituted oa alkyl groups, including F-substituted oa alkyl groups, such as oa 2-fluoropropyl, oa 2-fluorobutyl, oa 2-fluoropentyl, oa 2-fluorohexyl, oa 2-fluoroheptyl, oa 2-fluorooctyl, oa 2-fluorononyl, oa 2-fluorodecyl, oa 2-. fluoroundecyl, oa 2-fluorododecyl, oa 2-fluorotridecyl, oa 2-fluorotetradecyl, oa 2-fluoro-3-methylbutyl, oa 2-fluoro-3-methylpentyl and oa 2-fluoro-4-methylpentyl groups; Cl-substituted oa alkyl groups, such as oa 2-chloropropyl, oa 2-chlorobutyl, oa 2-chloropentyl, oa 2-chlorohexyl, oa 2- chloroheptyl, oa 2-chlorooctyl, oa 2-chlorononyl, oa 2-chlorodecyl, oa 2-chloroundecyl, oa 2-chlorododecyl, oa 2-chlorotridecyl, oa 2-chloro-3-methylbutyl, oa 2-chloro-3-methylpentyl and oa 2-chloro-4-methylpentyl groups; and alkoxy-substituted oa alkyl groups, such as 2-oa methoxy-propyl, oa 2-ethoxypropyl, oa 2-propoxypropyl, oa 2-butoxypropyl, oa 2-pentyloxypropyl, oa 2-hexyloxypropyl, oa 2-heptyloxypropyl, oa 2-octyloxypropyl, oa 2-nonyloxypropyl, oa 2-decyloxypropyl, oa 2-(2-methylbutyloxy) propyl, oa 2-iso-propoxypropyl, oa 3-methoxybutyl, oa 3-ethoxybutyl, oa 3-propoxybutyl, oa 3-butyloxybutyl, oa 3-pentyloxybutyl, oa 3-hexyloxybutyl, oa 3-heptyloxybutyl, oa 3-octyloxybutyl, oa 3-nonyloxybutyl, oa 3-decyloxy butyl, oa 3-(2-methylbutyloxy)butyl, oa 3-iso-propyloxy-butyl, oa 4-methoxypentyl, oa 4-ethoxypentyl, oa 4-propoxy-pentyl, oa 4-butyloxypentyl, oa 4-pentyloxypentyl, oa 4-hexyloxypentyl, oa 4-heptyloxypentyl, oa 4-octyloxypentyl, oa 4-nonyloxypentyl, oa 4-decyloxypentyl, oa 4-(2-methylbutyloxy)pentyl and 4-isopropoxy-pentyl groups. Among these, preferred are alkyl groups containing 1 to 16, particularly 1 to 15 , more particularly 1 to 14 carbon atoms. In the above general formula X is preferably - (direct bond), O (ether oxygen linkage), C#C or S, more preferably -, C#C or O, particularly - or O. In the above general formula suitable examples of said cyclic group A₁ are : Ph Pyr's (hereinafter referred to as <Pyr)], Pym's and (hereinafter referred to as Pym> and <Pym, respectively)], Pyd Pyz Bp and Nt These cyclic groups may be substituted with 1 - 4 halogen atoms, such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine atoms, or 1 - 2 substituent groups, such as cyano, nitro and trifluoromethyl groups. Exemplary of suitable substituted cyclic groups are F-substituted Ph's, such as (hereinafter referred to as PhF and FPh, respectively), and F-substituted Bp's, such as Ph-PhF and FPh-Ph. Among these, preferred are Ph, and Pyr's. n is preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 or 1. Illustrative examples of said cyclic group A₂ include the followings : 1) Bp; 2)Nt; 3)Pym-Ph's [Pym>-Ph and <Pym-Ph] and Ph-Pym's [Ph-<Pym and Ph-Pym>], preferably Pym>-Ph, Ph-<Pym and Ph-Pym>; 4) A₄ -Y₂-A₅, wherein A₄ and A₅ are independently selected from Ph and Bp; and 5) A₁ -Y ₂-Pyr , preferably those, wherein A₁ is Ph, Bp, Pyd or Nt. In the above, each cyclic group (Ph, Pyr, Pym, Pyd, Pyz, Bp or Nt), constituting A₁, A₂, A₄, or A₅ may be independently selected from Ph, Bp and Nt; and A₁-Y₂-Pyr , preferably those, wherein A₁ is Ph, Bp, <Pyr, Pym>, Pyd or Nt. In the above, each cyclic group (Ph, Pyr, Pym, Pyd, Pyz, Bp or Nt), constituting A₁, A₂, A₄, or A₅ may be substituted with 1 - 4 fluorine atoms or with 1 - 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of Cl, cyano, nitro and trifluoromethyl groups; among which preferred are substituted with up to 4 fluorine atoms. Illustrative examples of the compounds represented by the above formula include those shown in Table 1-1 to Table 5-2. In these Tables and also hereinafter, are used the following abbreviated words: MET:methyl; ETH: ethyl; PRO :n-propyl; BUT:n-butyl; PEN:n-pentyl; H:n-hexyl; HEP:n-heptyl; OCT:n-octyl; NON:n-nonyl; DEC:n-decyl; UND:n-undecyl; DOD:n-dodecyl; iPr:i-propyl; PF₈:n-C₆F₁₃CH₂CH₂; PF₁₀:n-C₈F₁₇CH₂CH₂; nPrOMe:n-propoxymethyl; iProMe: i-Propoxymethyl; nFroEt :n-propoxyethyl; iProEt : i-propoxyethyl; nBuOMe:n-butoxymethyl; iBuOMe:i-butoxymethyl; EtoPr:3-ethoxy-propyl; iPrOPr:3-(i-propoxy)-propyl; 2E0Pr* :2-ethoxypropyl; 2POPr*-2-(n-propoxy)-propyl; 1. Compounds of the invention, wherein A₂ is Bp, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. (Hereinafter, Z,Z':Cl, Br or I; Z'':Br or I; M:Li, Na or K; Me:methyl; Et:ethyl; R":alkyl) [I] In case of A₂=Ph-Ph and n=0 [II] In case of A₂=Ph-PhF and n=0 [III] In case of A₂=Ph-Ph and n=1 [IV] In case of A₂=Ph-PhF and n=1 These reactions can be carried out as follows. [I] (B1) and (B2) are heated in an anhydrous solvent [such as anhydrous dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran (hereinafter referred to as DMF, and DMSO and THF, respectively)] to obtain (B3), followed by reducing (B3) with hydrogen under Pd/C catalyst to obtain (B4). (B4) is diazotated with NaNO₂, followed by reacting an alkali metal halide therewith to obtain (B5). (B5) and (B6) are reacted in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF), under an atmosphere of an inert gas (such as nitrogen), in the presence of catalyst (such as zero- or bi-valent nickel catalyst, or zero- or bivalent palladium catalyst) to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Ba). The compound (Ba) may also be produced by heating (B7) and (B2) under reflux in anhydrous DMF in the presence of cuprous iodide. [II] Meta-fluoro-aniline-(B8) is halogenized to obtain (B9), followed by oxidizing the amino group to form (B10). (B10) and (B2) are heated in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF, DMSO or THF) to obtain (B11), followed by reducing.(B11) with hydrogen under Pd/C catalyst to obtain (B12). (B12) is diazotated with NaNO₂, followed by reacting an alkali metal halide therewith to obtain (B13). (B13) and (B6) are reacted in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF), under an atmosphere of an inert gas (such as nitrogen), in the presence of catalyst (such as zero- or bi-valent nickel catalyst, or zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst) to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Bb). [III] (B14) is reduced with lithium aluminum hydride in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF) to obtain (B15), followed by halogenating the OH group thereof with a halogenating reagent (such as thionyl chloride) to obtain (B16). (B16) and (B2) are reacted in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF or DMSO) at room temperature or under heating to produce (B17), followed by reacting (B6) therewith in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF), under an atmosphere of an inert gas, in the presence of catalyst (such as zero- or bivalent nickel catalyst, or zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst) to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Bc). The compound (Bc) may also be produced by reducing (B18) with lithium aluminum hydride in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF) to obtain (B19), followed by halogenating the OH group thereof with a halogenating reagent (such as thionyl chloride) to obtain (B20) and then reacting (B20) with (B2) in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF or DMSO) at room temperature or under heating. [IV] (B21) is reduced with lithium aluminum hydride in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF) to obtain (B22), followed by halogenating the OH group thereof with a halogenating reagent (such as thionyl chloride):to obtain (B23). (B23) and (B2) are reacted in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF or DMSO) at room temperature or under heating to produce (B24), followed by reacting (B6) therewith in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous ether or THF), under an atmosphere of an inert gas, in the presence of catalyst (such as zero- or bi-valent nickel catalyst, or zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst) to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Bd). (B2), the raw materials of the above compounds, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. [V] In case of R' free from oxygen atom [VI] In case of R' containing oxygen atom These reactions can be carried out as follows. [V] In case of R' free from oxygen atom, (B27), obtained by reacting ethyl trifluoroacetate with a Grignard's reagent at a temperature below -20°C, is reduced with sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride to obtain racemic compounds (B28). Racemic esters (B29), obtained by reacting (B28) with an acid chloride (such as acetyl chloride), are asymmetrically hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution using lipase and then isolated, followed by reacting therewith an alkali metal hydride (such as sodium hydride) to obtain a metal salt of optically active alcohol (B32) as a raw material for the compounds of this invention. On the other hand, unreacted ester (B31), recovered unreacted in asymmetric hydrolysis, is chemically hydrolyzed to obtain another optically active alcohol (B33) of reverse steric configuration, which can also be similarly converted into a metal salt (B34) and used as a raw material for the compounds of this invention. [VI] In case of R' containing oxygen atom, OH group of (B35) is benzyl-etherified into (B36), followed by reducing it with lithium aluminum hydride to obtain (B37). (B38) is prepared by halogenating (B37) with a halogenating agent (such as thionyl chloride) and then reacting therewith an alkali metal alkoxide, or by changing (B37) into an alkoxide with an alkali metal hydride and then reacting it with an alkyl halide. After hydrogenolysis of (B38), followed by reaction with an alkali metal hydride (such as sodium hydride), there can be obtained a metal salt (B39) usable as a raw material for the compounds of the invention. Optically active compounds (B35) can be obtained by known methods (such as those written in "Oil Chemistry", No.35, p.608-613, and Preprint of "The 13th Fluorochemistry Discussion", 4D113). Optically active sites of R, R' and R'' in the above and also hereinafter can be derived respectively from the corresponding oa alcohols or oa carboxylic acids. These oa alcohols and/or oa carboxylic acids are commercially available, or can be prepared by asymmetric reduction of the corresponding ketones with enzymes, microorganisms or asymmetric metal catalysts, or derived from naturally ocurring oa compounds (such as oa amino acids, oa hydroxy acids and esters thereof), or synthetic oa compounds (such as oa 2-fluoroalkyl alcohols, 2-chloroalkyl alcohols and oa epoxy compounds). 2. Compounds of the invention, wherein A₂ is Nt, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. (Z,Z':Cl, Br or I; Z'':Br or I; M:Li, Na or K; Et:ethyl; R":alkyl) [I] In case of A₂ is Nt and n=1 (C1) is reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to obtain (C2), followed by halogenating the OH group with a halogenating reagent (such as thionyl chloride) to obtain (C3). (C16) and (B2) are reacted in anhydrous DMF or DMSO at room temperature or under heating to obtain a compound of the invention represented by the formula (Ca). [II] In case of A₂ is Nt and n=0 A compound of the invention represented by (Cb) can be produced by heating (C4) and (B2) under reflux in anhydrous DMF in the presence of cuprous iodide. 3. Compounds of the invention, wherein A₂=Pym-Ph or Ph-Pym and n=0, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. [I] In case of A₂ is Pym>-Ph [II] In case of A₂ is Pym>-PhF [III] In case of A₂ is FPh-<Pym [IV] In case of A₂ is Ph-Pym> These reactions can be carried out as follows. [I] (B2), as mentioned above [B], is reacted with (D1) in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF, DMSO or THF) under heating to obtain (D2). (D2) is reacted in dry ethanol with gaseous hydrogen chloride and then reacted with gaseous ammonia to obtain (D3). (D3) and (D4) are heated in ethanol or methanol in the presence of a base (such as sodium metal) under reflux to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Da). [II] (B13), as mentioned above [B], is reacted with cuprous cyanide in DMF to obtain (D5) . (D5) is reacted in dry ethanol with gaseous hydrogen chloride and then reacted with gaseous ammonia to obtain (D6). (D6) and (D4) are heated in ethanol or methanol in the presence of a base (such as sodium metal) under reflux to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Db). [III] (B2) is reacted with bromo-acetoaldehyde diethyl acetal in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF, DMSO or THF) under heating to obtain (D8), which is then reacted with a Vilsmeier reagent (such as reaction products of phosphorus oxychloride with DMF) to produced (D9). (D9) and (D10) are heated in ethanol or methanol in the presence of a base (such as sodium metal) under reflux to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Dc). [IV] (D11) is reacted with a Vilsmeier reagent (such as reaction products of phosphorus oxychloride with DMF) to produce (D12). (D12) is reacted with urea and then with phosphorus oxychloride to obtain (D14). (D14) and (B2) are reacted in an anhydrous solvent (such as anhydrous DMF, DMSO or THF) under heating to obtain a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Dd). (D4), the raw materials of the above compounds, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. [I] In case where X is O [II] In case where X is - (direct bond) These reactions can be carried out as follows. [I] (D15) is reacted with bromo-acetoaldehyde diethyl acetal in an anhydrous solvent (such as DMF, DMSO or THF) under heating to obtain (D16), which is then reacted with a Vilsmeier reagent (such as reaction products of phosphorus oxychloride with DMF) to produce (D17). [II] (D19), obtained by reacting (D18) with ethyl ortho- formate and a Grignard' reagent prepared from magnesium, is reacted with a Vilsmeier reagent (such as reaction products of phosphorus oxychloride with DMF) to produce (D20). 4. Compounds of the invention, wherein A₂=A₄-Y₂-A₅, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. (A₄:Ph, FPh, Ph-Ph or FPh-Ph) [I] In case of Y₂=C#C [II] In case of Y₂=CH₂CH₂ These reactions can be carried out as follows. [I] Compounds, containing A₄-C#C-A₅ as A₂, for example (E2), (E3) and.(E4), can be produced by reacting respectively the corresponding halides, such as (B5), (B13) and (B24) described above [B], with (E1) in triethylamine in an atmosphere of inert gas using zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst. [II] Compounds, containing A ₄-CH 2, CH₂-A₅ as A₂ , for example (E5), can be produced by hydrogenation reduction with Pd/C of the corresponding compounds containing A₄-C#C-A₅ as A₂, such as (E2), (E3) and (E4). 5. Compounds of the invention, wherein A₂=A₁-Y₂-Pyr, can be produced in accordance with the following reactions. [I] In case of Y₂=C#C, n=0 (F1) and (F2) are reacted in triethylamine in an atmosphere of inert gas using zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst to obtain (F3). (F3) and (B2), as mentioned above [B], are heated under reflux in an anhydrous DMF in the presence of cuprous iodide to obtain a compound of the invention represented by the formula (Fa). [II] In case of Y₂=C#C, n=1 (F4) is reacted subsequently with LiAlH₄, SOCl₂ and then (B2) in the same manner as described in 1. [IV] forming (B24) from (B21) to obtain (F7). (F1) and (F7) are reacted in triethylamine in an atmosphere of inert gas using zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst to obtain a compound of the invention represented by the formula (Fb). [III] In case of Y₂=CH₂CH₂ By hydrogenating (Fa) or (Fb) within an atmosphere of hydrogen using palladium carbon, a compound of this invention represented by the formula (Fc) is obtained. (F1) can be prepared as follows. i) In case of X=O (F8) is reacted in the presence of a base (such as sodium hydroxide) with an alkylating agent (such as alkyl halide) to obtain (F9). (F9) is reacted with 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol in triethylamine under an atmosphere of inert gas using zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst to form (F10) followed by reacting powdery sodium hydroxide in anhydrous toluene to produce (F1'). ii) In case of X=- (direct bond), R=R''-CH₂CH₂- (F11) and (F12) are reacted in triethylamine in an atmosphere of inert gas using zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst to obtain (F13). After diazotization of (F13) an alkali metal halide is reacted therewith to produce (F15). (F15) is reacted with 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol in triethylamine under an atmosphere of inert gas using zero- or bi-valent palladium catalyst to form (F16), followed by reacting powdery sodium hydroxide in anhydrous toluene to produce (F1''). In general, liquid crystals are used in the forms of liquid crystal compositions containing two or more components; and optically active compounds of the present invention can be used as a component of liquid crystal compositions. This invention provides a liquid crystal composition containing as components thereof a mixture of a plurality of liquid crystal compounds, said liquid crystal compounds comprising at least one compound represented by the above general formula. Compounds of the above formula include ones which present liquid crystals by themselves, and ones which don't present liquid crystals by themselves but can provide liquid crystal compositions. Liquid crystal compositions may contain one or more liquid crystals other than the compounds of the invention. Examples of suitable liquid crystals include : smectic liquid crystals, for example, smectic liquid crystals free from any optically active site, such as 2-p-alkyloxyphenyl-5-alkylpyrimidines, 2-p-alkanoyloxyphenyl-5-alkylpyrimidines, 2-p-alkyloxycarbonyl-phenyl-5-alkylpyrimidines, 2-p-alkylphenyl-5-p-alkyloxy-phenylpyrimidines, 2-p-alkyloxy-m-fluorophenyl-5-alkyl-pyrimidines, 2-p-alkyloxyphenyl-5-(trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl)pyridines, 2-p-alkyloxy-m-fluorophenyl-5-alkylpyridines, 2-p-(p'-alkylphenyl)phenyl-5-alkylpyrimidines, 2-p-alkylphenyl-5-p-alkylphenylpyrimidines, 2-alkyloxyphenyl-5-alkyl picolinates; 2-p-alkyloxyphenyl-5-alkyloxypyrazine, 2-p-alkyloxyphenyl-5-alkyloxypyrimidines, 2-p-alkylphenyl-5-alkyloxypyrimidines, p'-(alkyloxycarbonyl)phenyl esters of 2-alkyloxy-4'-biphenyl-carboxylic acids, alkyl esters of 4-alkyloxy-4'-biphenyl carboxylic acids, and the like; ferroelectric liquid crystals, such as p'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)phenyl esters of oa 4-alkyloxy-4'-biphenyl-carboxylic acids, 2-methylbutyl esters of oa 4-n-alkyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acids, oa p-alkyloxybenzylidene-p'-amino-2-chloro-propyl cinnamates, oa p-alkyloxybenzylidene-p'-amino-2-methylbutyl cinnamates and the like; usual chiral smectic liquid crystals, such as oa 4-(p-alkyloxy-biphenyl-p'-oxycarbonyl)-4'-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)cyclohexanes, oa p-n-alkyloxybenzylidene-p'-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)anilines, and the like; and two or more of these smectic liquid crystals, ferroelectric liquid crystals and/or chiral smectic liquid crystals. Liquid crystal compositions may contain other components, for example, chiral compounds showing no liquid crystaline properties, pleochroic dyes (such as anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes and the like), and so on. The content (% by weight) of other smectic liquid crystal(s) in the liquid crystal composition is, for example, : usually 80 - 99.9%, preferably at least 90%, more preferably 95 - 98%. The content of pleochroic dye(s) in the liquid crystal composition is, for example, : usually 0 - 5%. By applying voltage, ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions cause photo-switching phenomena, which are applied for producing display elements of quick response [See for example, JPN Patent Publication Nos.107216/1981 and 118744/1984, and N.A.Clark and S.T.Lagerwall:Applied Physics Letters, 36 ,899(1980)]. Liquid crystals, showing ferroelectricity, according to the invention, bring about optical switching phenomena by voltage applying, and can provide rapid response display devices, such as those described in JPN Lay-open Patents No.107216/1981 and No.118744/1984, and N.A.Clark and S.T. Lagerwall, "Applied Physics Letters" 36 ,899(1980). The liquid crystal compositions of this invention can be used as photo-switching elements (display devices), for instance, by sealing in vacuum into liquid crystal cells having cell distance of 0.5 - 10µm (micron m) (preferably 0.5 - 3µm (micron m)) followed by providing polarizers on both sides. The above liquid crystal cells can be produced by combining, through a spacer, two surface-aligned glass substrates provided with transparent electrodes. Examples of suitable spacers are alumina beads, glass fiber and polyimide film. Alignment can be done by conventional alignment treatment, such as application of polyimide membrane, rubbing treatment, oblique vapor-deposition of SiO. Having generally described the a more complete understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples, which are included for purposes of illustration only and not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. In the following examples, % represents % by weight; and the structure of the compounds was confirmed with analysis of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), MS (mass spectrum) and IR (infrared adsorption), and elemental analysis. Example 1 [Preparation of Compound No.2-4 in Table 1-1] Into 100 ml of dry DMF containing 0.4 g of sodium hydride (purity 60%), were added dropwise 1.84 g of R-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol, at room temperature with such a speed not causing too rapid generation of hydrogen, to prepare sodium salt (alkoxide) of R-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol. After addition was over, stirring was continued further an hour at room temperature, followed by adding thereto 4.36 g of p-n-decyloxy-p'-iodo-biphenyl and 1.90 g of cuprous iodide and then refluxing for 3 hours. After cooling, the product was introduced into iced water, and extracted with hexane. The hexane phase was washed subsequently with water, 1N-HCl aqueous solution and then water, followed by distlling off the hexane to obtain a black oil. This oil was dissolved into hexane, and purified with silica gel column to obtain 1.2 g of liquid oa p-n-decyloxy-p'-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)biphenyl [Compound No.2-4) of this invention. IR spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum and F-NMR spectrum of the compound were as shown in Fig.1(a), Fig.1(b) and Fig. 1(c), respectively. Elemental analysis (%) [theoretical] was as follows: C:73.32 [73.17], H:8.61 [8.74], 0:6.39 [6.58], F:11.68 [11.59] Example 2 [Preparation of Compound No.2-70 in Table 1-2] Example 1 was repeated except that 3.59 g of p-n-decyloxy-p'-chloromethylbiphenyl (prepared reducing p-n-decyloxy-p'-carboxybiphenyl with lithium aluminum hydride, followed by chlorinating with thionyl chloride) were used instead of 4.36 g of p-n-decyloxy-p'-iodo-biphenyl and 1.90 g of cuprous iodide, and that refluxing was carried out for 3 hours instead of 2 hours, to obtain 2.9 g of liquid oa p-n-decyloxy-p'-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxymethyl)biphenyl [Compound No.2-70) of this invention. IR spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum and F-NMR spectrum of the compound were as shown in Fig.2 a), Fig. 2b) and Fig 2 (c), respectively. Elemental analysis (%). [theoretical) was as follows: C:73.37 [73.52], H:8.98 [8.89], 0:6.43 [6.32], F=11.22 [11.27] Example 3 [Preparation of Compound No.4-10 in Table3] 1) Into 100 ml of dry DMF containing 0.86 g of sodium hydride (purity 60%), were added dropwise 3.9 g of R-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol, at room temperature with such a speed not causing too rapid generation of hydrogen, to prepare sodium salt (alkoxide) of R-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol. After addition was over, stirring was continued further an hour at room temperature, followed by adding thereto 4.80 g of p-iodo-benzonitrile and then refluxing for 2 hours. After cooling, the product was introduced into iced water, and extracted with hexane. The hexane phase was washed subsequently with water, 1N-HCl aqueous solution and then water, followed by purifying with silica gel colmun to obtain 5.16 g of oily oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy) - benzonitrile. 2) Into 20 ml of dry ethanol containing 3.76 g of oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)-benzonitrile, about 1 g of dry hydrogen chloride was introduced under stirring at a temperature below 10°C. After stirring at room temperature for 3 days, solvent was distilled off to obtain an oily product. To this, were added slowly 20 ml of dry ethanol containing about 2 g of ammonia under cooling with ice, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 days. Ethanol and ammonia were removed to obtain 3.40 g of oily oa p-( 1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)-benzamidine hydrochloride. This oily hydrochloride was solidified by trituration in hexane to use the following reaction. 3) To a solution prepared from 30 ml of anhydrous ethanol and 0.35 g of sodium metal, were added 1.60 g of the above hydrochloride and 1.20 g of alpha-n-decyl-beta-dimethylaminoacrolein and heated under reflux for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, solvent was removed and then the product was extracted with toluene. The toluene phase was washed with lN hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and then with water, followed by distilling off the toluene to obtain a yellow oily material. This material was dissolved into hexane, and purified with silica gel column to obtain 0.65 g of oa 5-n-decyl-2-[p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)phenylpyrimidine [Compound No. 4-10] of this invention. IR spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum and F-NMR spectrum of the compound were as shown in Fig.3(a), Fig. 3'b) and Fig. 3(c), respectively. Elemental analysis (%) [theoretical] was as follows: C:70.03 [70.29], H:8.71 [8.58], N:5.99 [5.86], 0:3.44 [3.35], F:11.83 [11.92] Example 4 [Preparation of Compound No.5-4 in Table 4-1] 1) Into 200 ml of dry DMF containing 2.0 g of sodium hydride (purity 60%), were added dropwise 9.2 g of S-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol, at room temperature with such a speed not causing too rapid generation of hydrogen, to prepare sodium salt (alkoxide) of S-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol. After the addition was over, stirring was continued further an hour at room temperature followed by adding thereto 12.4 g of p-iodo-nitro-benzene and then refluxing for 2 hours. After cooling, the product was introduced into iced water, and extracted with hexane. The hexane phase was washed subsequently with water, 1N-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and then water, followed by purifying with silica gel colmun to obtain 7.7 g of oily oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)-nitrobenzene. 2) To 100 ml of dry ethanol containing 7.7 g of oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)-nitrobenzene, was added 0.5 g of 5% Pd/C (5% palladium carbon) followed by carrying out reduction within an atmosphere of hydrogen at normal pressure under stirring at room temperature. After it was confirmed that no absorption of hydrogen was observed, the catalyst was removed by filtration and then the ethanol was distilled off to obtain 6.7 g of oily oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)-aniline. 3) To 200 ml of water containing 25 g of 36% hydrochloric acid, were added 6.7 g of oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)-aniline, and cooled to a temperature below 5°C, followed by adding thereto dropwise 1.7 g of sodium nitrite dissolved in 10 ml of water. After the addition was over, stirring was continued for an hour, and then 20 g of potassium iodide dissolved in 20 ml of water were added thereto, followed by putting back the temperature gradually to room temperature and stirring was continued until no evolution of nitrogen was observed. After completion of the reaction, the product was extracted with hexane. The hexane phase was washed subsequently with water, an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen sulfite and then water, followed by distilling off the hexane to obtain 7.7 g of oily oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)iodobenzene. 4) Using 40 mg of dichloro-bis-triphenylphosphin palladium and 10 mg of cuprous iodide as the catalyst, 1.3 g of p-n-decyloxyphenylacetylene and 1.9 g of oa p-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)iodobenzene were reacted in 50 ml of triethylamine under an atmosphere of nitrogen at room temperature for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the triethylamine was removed and then the product was extracted with toluene. The toluene phase was washed with 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and then with water, followed by distilling off the toluene to obtain a black oily material. This material was dissolved into hexane, and purified by passing through a short silica gel column and then recrystalizing twice with ethanol to obtain 2.0 g of white crystalline oa p-n-decyloxy-p'-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxy)tolan [Compound No.5-4) of this invention. IR spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum and F-NMR spectrum of the compound were as shown in Fig.4(a), Fig.4(b) and Fig. 4(c), respectively. Elemental analysis (%) [theoretical] was as follows: C:74.51 [74.42], H:8.19 [8.33], 0:6.29 [6.20], F:11.01 [11.05] Example 5 [Preparation of Compound No.5-4' in Table 4-2] 1) Into 100 ml of dry DMF containing 0.4 g of sodium hydride (purity 60%), were added dropwise 1.84 g of S-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol, at room temperature with such a speed not causing too rapid generation of hydrogen, to prepare sodium salt (alkoxide) of S-form oa 1-trifluoromethyl-heptanol. After the addition was over; stirring was continued further an hour at room tempera-ture, followed by adding thereto 2.50 g of p-chloromethyl-iodobenzene (prepared by reducing p-iodobenzoic acid with lithium aluminum hydride and then chlorinating with thionyl chloride) and then stirring for 24 hours at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the product was introduced into iced water, and extracted with hexane. The hexane phase was washed subsequently with water, 1N-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and then water, followed by distilling off the hexane to obtain 3.8 g of oily oa p-(1-trifluoro-methyl-heptyloxymethyl)iodobenzene. 2) Example 4, 2) was repeated except using 2.0 g of oa instead of 1.9 g of oa p-(1-trifluoromethylheptyloxy)iodobenzene, to obtain 2.20 g of white crystalline oa p-n-decyloxy-p'-(1-trifluoromethyl-heptyloxymethyl)tolan [Compound No.5-4'] of this invention. IR spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum and F-NMR spectrum of the compound were as shown in Fig.5 (a), Fig.5 (b) and Fig. 5 (c), respectively. Elemental analysis (%) [theoretical] was as follows: C:74.80 [74.72], H:8.41 [8.49], 0:5.81 [6.04], F:10.98 [10.75]. Example 6 [Liquid crystal compositions] Liquid crystal compositions containing known smectic liquid crystals and a compound of this invention were prepared according to the following formulation : C₉H ₁₉-Pym>-Ph-O-C₈H₁₇ 45 % C₈H ₁₇-Pym>-Ph-O-C₈H₁₇ 45 % Each Compound of Examples 10.0 % Each composition was injected into cells of 2 µm (micron m) thickness, provided with transparent electrodes, which had been coated with polyvinyl alcohol and surface-aligned by rubbing. Each element was placed between two crossed polarizers, and response time was measured from change of intensity of transmitted light when voltage of ± 10 V was applied. The results (Response Time, micro sec.) were as shown in Table 6 (a. :about) Optically active compounds according to the present invention have unexpected effects as follows: 1) By addition of optically active compounds of this invention, which have large intramolecular dipole moment, there can be attained ferroelectic phase with high value of spontaneous polarization and quick optical response; whereas liquid crystals or liquid crystal compositions, showing non-chiral smectic C phase or H phase, don't provide ferroelecticity and results in spontaneous polarization value of zero. (2) While optically active compounds to be added to ferroelectic liquid crystals or liquid crystal compositions are restricted to ones of either R-form or S-form in accordance with sign of spontaneous polarization of the liquid crystals or liquid crystal compositions; according to the invention, there can be obtained any of R-form and S-form optically active compounds, and spontaneous polarization value of the liquid crystals or liquid crystal compositions can be remarkably increased by addition of such compounds, whereby rapid optical response can be attained. (3) Optically active compounds of the invention have linear molecular structure, and, when they are added to liquid crystals or liquid.crystal compositions, bad influences upon phase system or phase transition temperature of these can be confined to the minimum. (4) Different from known compounds merely being optically active, there can be obtained according to this invention optically active compounds, having asymmetric carbon atom-containing alkyl chains independently on both sides through substituted or unsubstituted skeleton (such as tolan skeleton), which compounds make it possible to control or design freely properties or performances, such as helical pitch, spontaneous polarization value, dielectric anisotropy and optical anisotropy, when added to liquid crystals or liquid crystal compositions. (5) Besides use as formulation ingredients for ferroelectic liquid crystal compositions or non-chiral smectic liquid crystal compositions, optically active compounds of the invention may also be added to nematic liquid crystal compositions, whereby occurence of reverse domain in liquid crystal cells of TN type can be controlled. (6) Control of hydrophobic nature necessary for producing LB membranes can be easily controlled, and there can be obtained monomolecular laminated films. 7) They are highly stable toward light, heat and water. Thus, optically active compounds of this invention are very useful for producing ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal compositions in practice.

Claims: An optically active compound, represented by the formula wherein R and R' are the same or different alkyl groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with at least one subsituent selected from F, Cl and alkoxy groups; X is - (direct bond), O, S, COO, OCO, OCOO or C#C; A₁ is a cyclic group selected from Pyr, Pym, Pyd, Pyz, Bp and Nt; n is O or an integer of 1 to 5; A₂ is Bp, Nt, Pym-Ph, Ph-Pym, A₁ -Y₂-Pyr or A₄-Y₂-A₅; Y₂ is CH₂CH₂ or C#C, A₄ and A₅ are the same or different cyclic groups selected from Ph and Bp; C#C represents C-C triple bond; and Ph, Pyr, Pym, Pyd, Pyz, Bp and Nt represent 1,4-phenylene, 2,5-pyridylene, 2,5-pyrimidinylene, 3,6-pyridazinylene-2,5-pyrazinylene, p,p'-biphenylene and 2,6-naphthylene groups, respectively, which may be substituted with at least one subtituent selected from F, Cl, CN, NO₂ and CF₃. An optically active oompound according claim 1, in which A₂ is Bp, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 fluorine atoms. An optically active oompound according to claim 1, in which A₂ is Nt, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 fluorine atoms. An optically active oompound according to claim 1, in which A₂ is Pym-Ph or Ph-Pym, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 fluorine atoms. An optically active compound according to claim 1, in which A₂ is A₄-Y₂-A₅. An optically active compound according to claim 5 in which A₄ is Ph, F-substituted Ph or Bp; and A5 is Ph or F-substituted Ph. An optically active compound according to claim 1, in which A₂ is A₁-Y₂-Pyr. An optically active compound according to any preceding claim in which n is 0 or 1. An optically active compound according to any preceding claim, in which A₁ , if present, is Ph, Bp, Pyr, Pyd, Pym or Nt, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 fluorine atoms. An optically active compound according to any of claims 1 to 8, in which A₁, if present, is Ph, F-substituted Ph, or Pyr. An optically active compound according to any preceding claim in which at least one or R and R' is an optically active alkyl group, unsubstituted or substituted with F, Cl or an alkoxy group. An optically active compound according to any preceding claim in which X is - or 0. A liquid crystal composition comprising at least one compound according to any preceding claim.

Inventors: KISHIKI, HIROSHI, SATOH, MASAHIRO, WATANABE, TETSUYA, YOSHIO, KUNKIYO
Applicants: SANYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LTD.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C09K19
IPC codes: C07C43, C07C255, C09K19, C07D239