Position detector

Abstract: A position detector includes a light emitter (9a) for irradiating the surface (4a) of an object (4) whose position is to be measured. Two light receivers (9b,9c) receive light reflected by the surface, a distance from one of the light receivers to the surface being different from a distance from the other of the light receivers to the surface. A calculating circuit (6) calculates a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the light receivers and the surface, with the correction quantity being calculated on the basis of a difference between the output signals of the light receivers. A moving component (12) corrects the distances between the measured surface and the light receiving components in accordance with the correction quantity.

Description: The present invention relates to a device for maintaining a fixed distance between two objects, for example, a distance between a magnetic head and a disk. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for maintaining a fixed inclination between the two objects as well as the distance therebetween. One device for maintaining a fixed distance between a measuring device and an object to be measured, is as shown in Fig. 1. In the figure, reference character "a" designates a laser light source, such as an He-Ne laser; "b", a paired light receiving means; and "c", the surface of an object under measurement. Light emitted from the light source "a" is incident on the surface "c" to be measured and reflected by the surface. The reflected light hits paired elements b1 and b2 of the light receiving means "b". When the surface "c" is positioned as indicated by a solid line in the figure, an output signal of the element b1 is large. When it is positioned as indicated by a two-dotted chain line in the figure, an output signal of the element b2 is large. A vertical distance between the light receiving means "b" and the surface "c" can be known from the output signals of the paired elements b1 and b2. In the prior art, the light source "a" must be slanted with respect to the surface "c" of the object under measurement, in order that the reflected light is directed to the light receiving means "b". To increase a measurement accuracy, an angle  of the light emitted from the light source should be preferably increased. To this end, a distance between the light source "a" and the light receiving means "b" must be increased. The light receiving means "b" consists of two elements b1 and b2, and hence tends to be bulky. Due to the above two factors, the position detector necessarily becomes bulky. The inclination of the surface "c" frequently causes a great measurement error. A known device to correct the inclination of the surface to be measured is as shown in Fig. 2. Light receiving elements b3 and b4 have the same size, and are disposed equidistant from a light source "a". To correct the inclination of the surface "c', the surface is moved so as to zero a difference between the output signals of the elements b3 and b4. However, this device is unable to measure the distance between the light receiving elements and the surface to be measured. Thus, neither of the conventional devices is able simultaneously to correct the distance between the light receiving elements and the surface to be measured, and the inclination of the surface. US-A-4358960 discloses an optical proximity sensor. US-A-4488813 discloses an optical sensor with reflectivity compensation. According to the present invention, there is provided a position detector comprising: at least one light emitting means for irradiating a surface of an object to be measured; two light receiving means for receiving light reflected by the surface, a first distance from one of the light receiving means to the light emitting means being different from a second distance from the other of the light receiving means to the light emitting means as measured parallel to the surface, and a light receiving area of one of the light receiving means being different from that of the other, so that the light receiving means receive different amounts of light from one another and produce different output signals therefrom; calculating means for calculating a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the surface and the light receiving means, the correction quantity being calculated by comparing the output signals of the light receiving means with one another; and, moving means for correcting the distances between the surface and the light receiving means in accordance with the correction quantity. Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent when carefully reading the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of a conventional position detector which is able to correct a distance from a light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured; Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of another conventional position detector which is able to correct an inclination of a measured surface; Fig. 3 is a diagram showing, in schematic and block form, a first embodiment of the present invention in which a position detector of the invention is incorporated into an optomagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional diagram taken along line I-I in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between an output power signal P of each light receiving means with respect to a distance H from the light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured; Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a calculating means used in the recording/reproducing apparatus of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention, in which the light receiving means is triangular in shape; Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention, in which the light receiving means is trapezoidal in shape; Fig. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between an output power signal P of each light receiving means with respect to a distance H from the light receiving means to the surface of an object to be measured in the embodiment of Fig. 8; and, Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention, in which a single light emitting means is shared by a pair of light receiving means. A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 3. In the embodiment, a position detector according to the present invention is incorporated into an optomagnetic recording/reproducing apparatus. In Fig. 3, reference numeral 1 designates a magnetic head section for developing an external magnetic field; 2 an optical head section for emitting a laser beam and detecting a reflected laser beam; 3 a servo control section for effecting a focus servo in the optical head section 2; 4 a disk having a surface to be measured; 9b and 9c photo detectors; and 6 a calculating means for calculating a correction amount from a difference between the output signals of the two photo detectors 5 and 5'. In the magnetic head section 1, a magnetic head 11, together with a magnetic actuator coil 12 functioning as a moving means, is fixed to a plate spring 13. Both ends of the plate spring 13 are held by the block 14. As a result, the magnetic head 11 is biased to a neutral point. A yoke 15 and a magnet 16 are fixed to the block 14. The moving means 12 is disposed in a magnetic circuit formed of the yoke 15 and the magnet 16. The magnetic head 11 is provided with a support table 11' that is integral therewith. A photo detector 9, which includes a light emitting means 9a and a pair of light receiving means 9b and 9c, is disposed on the magnetic head 11. The magnetic head 11 is aligned with the light emitting means 9a in the radial direction of the disk. A light beam emitted from the light emitting means 9a is reflected by the surface 4a of the disk 4, and reaches the light receiving means 9b, 9c. As shown in Fig. 4, the light receiving means 9b and 9c are each rectangular in shape as viewed from above and separated from the light emitting means 9a by different distances. A circle 9d indicates an illumination area including the light receiving elements 9b and 9c; i.e., the light beam, which is emitted from the light emitting means 9a and reflected from the measured surface 4, falls within the area of the circle 9d. The radius of the circle 9d becomes large in proportion with an increased distance H between the light emitting means 9a and the measured surface 4a (see Fig. 3). The light emitted from the light emitting means 9a is reflected by the area 9d on the measured surface 4a and is incident on the light receiving means 9b and 9c. Each of the light receiving means 9b, 9c produces an output signal which depends on an intensity of the reflected light, and applies it to calculating means 6. Then, the calculating means 6 supplies a drive current to the moving means 12. The drive current becomes zero when the distance between the magnetic head 11 and a vertical magnetic film 4a of the disk 4 reaches the optimum value. The polarity and level of the drive current changes and varies in accordance with a displacement of the head in the vertical direction. This will subsequently be described in detail. As described above, the light emitting means 9a of the photo detector 9 irradiates the measured surface 4 within the circular area 9d whose radius depends on the distance H from the disk 4 (Fig. 4). Part of the reflected light from the disk 4 is incident on, and detected by, the light receiving means 9b and 9c, which in turn produce output signals reflecting the amounts of the received light. In the optical head section 2, a laser beam emitted from a semiconductor laser 21 is transmitted through a beam splitter 22, and is condensed toward the disk 4 by means of an objective lens 23. A laser beam reflected by the vertical magnetic film 4a of the disk 4 is transmitted through a disk substrate 4b and condensed by the objective lens 23, and then is directed toward a focus error detecting portion 24 by means of the beam splitter 22. The focus error detecting portion 24 generates a focus error signal by, for example, an astigmatism method, and outputs it to the servo control section 3. The objective lens 23 is fixed to an objective actuator coil 25. The objective lens 23 is moved in the direction of arrow B in Fig. 3, in accordance with the direction and magnitude of a drive current fed to the actuator coil 25. In the servo control section 3, a focus servo unit 31 generates a servo signal by using a focus error signal as input thereto, and outputs it to a focus driver unit 32. The unit 32 generates a drive current for focus servo, which varies in accordance with the servo signal, and feeds it to the actuator coil 25. The actuator coil 25 moves the objective lens 23 in a direction to correct a focus error in accordance with the drive current as fed thereto. In this way, the servo control is performed so as to maintain a fixed distance between the disk 4 and the objective lens 23. A graphical representation of a relationship between an output signal P of each light receiving means 9b and 9c and the distance H between the disk 4 and the photo detector is as shown in Fig. 5. In the graph, the ordinate represents the output power P of the light receiving means, and the abscissa represents the distance H. A curve (1) indicates a variation of the output power P of the light receiving means 9b, which is close to the light emitting means 9a. Theoretically, the output power P should be larger as the distance H between the photo detector 9 and the measured surface becomes shorter. Actually, however, it abruptly falls off when the distance H is too short. When H = 0, no reflected light is incident on the photo detector, and P = 0. The reason for this is that when the photo detector is too close to the measured surface, the reflected light is hardly incident on the light receiving means. Accordingly, the curve (1) starts from an origin 0, peaks at Ho, and then gradually falls off. A curve (2) indicates a variation of the output power P of the light receiving means 9c which is more distant from the light emitting means 9a. A profile of the curve (2) resembles that of the curve (1), but is shifted to the right as a whole, since the distance of the light receiving means is more distant from the light submitting means 9a. A light receiving area of the light receiving means 9c is larger than that of the light receiving means 9b, in order that an amount of the reflected light received by the light receiving means 9c is substantially equal to that received by the light receiving means 9b (and, accordingly, a peak level of the curve (1) is substantially equal to that of the curve (2)). A difference between the curves (1) and (2) provides an S-shaped curve (3). By using the value of the curve (3) thus obtained for a servo signal, the magnetic head 11 is moved, thereby to maintain a fixed distance between the magnetic head 11 and the measured surface 4. In this case, if a position of the magnetic head 11 relative to the photo detector 9 is selected so as to provide an optimum distance between the magnetic head 11 and the measured surface, a magnetic field sufficient enough to record data into the vertical magnetic film 4a can always be secured even if the vertical distance varies due to a swing of the disk in the vertical direction. A circuit arrangement as shown in Fig. 6 is used as the arithmetic calculating means 6. In this instance, the output signal of the light receiving means 9b is applied to the non-inverting input terminal of a comparator 61, while the output signal of the light receiving means 9c, is applied to the inverting input terminal. In a normal servo state, the comparator 61 produces an output signal representative of a difference between the output powers of the light receiving means 9b and 9c. An output signal of the comparator 61 is supplied to a focus lock detect means 62, which may be an operational amplifier. The means 62 constantly monitors the servo signal as represented by the curve (3). When the servo signal is in a servo pull-in range, the focus lock detect means 62 turns on switch 63, and turns off switch 64. The output signal of the comparator 61 is also coupled with the moving means 12 by way of the switch 63. A ramp-voltage V is inverted and input to a force drive power source 65, and applied to the moving means 12 by way of the switch 64. The reason why the ramp voltage is inverted is that the direction of the magnetic head servo is opposite to that of the servo for the optical system. The pull-in of the servo signal will first be described. To start, the ramp voltage V R is input in a loop open state (in a state where the switch 63 is turned off), and is input through the switch 64 to the moving means 12. By application of the ramp voltage V R , the moving means 12 is forcibly moved to a point where it is most distant from the measured surface 4. Then, it is gradually moved toward the measured surface 4. When it is detected that the focus lock detect means 62 falls in a focus pull-in range, the switch 64 is turned off, and at the same time the switch 63 is turned on to close the loop. For the pull-in of the servo for the optical system, the objective lens 23 is gradually moved toward the disk from the point most distant from the disk, with a ramp voltage having the reverse polarity to that of the ramp voltage V R . A zero-cross point of the focus error signal or its neighbourhood is detected in a similar manner, and the servo operation is pulled in. It is for this reason that the ramp voltage for the servo pull-in of the optical system is inverted and is used for the servo pull-in of the magnetic head. Alternatively, without the focus lock detect means 62, and at the time of servo pull-in of the optical system, the switch 63 is turned on, while the switch 64 is turned off. The reason for this alternative arrangement is that the pull-in point of the servo for the optical system is not always coincident with the optimum servo pull-in point of the magnetic head, but there exists a high probability that the optimum optical servo pull-in point is coincident. Consequently, the magnetic head 11 is moved in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 3, thereby to maintain the distance between the magnetic head 11 and the measured surface 4 at a fixed distance. It is possible that the drive signal is directly applied to the moving means 12 from the focus servo unit 31. In this case, a measure must be taken for a deviation of the frequency characteristic that is caused by a weight imbalance of the optical head against the magnetic head, and a displacement of the neutral position due to fatigue of the plate spring 13, and the like. It is noted here that, in the present invention, the focus servo system for the optical system is different from the control system to maintain the distance between the magnetic head and the disk at a fixed value. Because of this feature, the position detector of the present invention is free from the displacement of the neutral point due to spring fatigue and the deviation of the frequency characteristic due to weight imbalance. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention. In this instance, the light receiving means 9b and 9c occupies the upper and lower portion of an equilateral triangle respectively. The triangle is disposed so that its vertex is closer to the light emitting means 9a. The light receiving means 9b and 9c are different in size with respect to light receiving areas and their distances to the light emitting means 9a as viewed in the horizontal direction. Accordingly, such position detector is operable like the embodiment of Fig. 5, and hence can produce a servo signal to maintain the distance between the photo detector 9 and the measured surface 4 at a fixed value. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention. The light receiving means 9b and 9c, when coupled, form a trapezoid with a top side closer to the light emitting means 9a. The bottom side of the triangular light receiving means 9b and the vertex of the triangular light receiving means 9c are both disposed closer to the light emitting means 9a. The centroid of the light receiving area of the light receiving means 9b is closer to the light emitting means 9a than that of the light receiving means 9c. Accordingly, the output power of the light receiving means 9b varies as indicated by a curve (1) in Fig. 9. As shown, it steeply rises to reach a peak, and gradually falls off. The output power of the light receiving means 9c, as indicated by a curve (2), gently rises to reach a peak, and steeply falls off. A difference of the curves (1) and (2) provides an S-shaped curve (3), that resembles the curve (3) in Fig. 5. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a position detector according to the present invention. As shown, a single light emitting means 5a, mounted on the base 8, is used. Two light receiving means 5b and 5b', which are at different vertical levels, are disposed on opposing sides of the light emitting means 5a. When applied to the optomagnetic recording/ reproducing apparatus shown in Fig. 3, the two photo detectors are preferably disposed in directions orthogonal to the radius of the optical disk. Otherwise, as the magnetic head 11 moves along the measured surface 4 radius of the disk, the light emitting means or the light receiving means of the photo detectors may move beyond the circumferential limits of the disk. In this case, operation is degraded as the light goes outside the disk or the light receiving means cannot receiving the light. Reference is made to application no. 90312161.4 (EP-A-0447713), from which the present application is divided.

Claims: A position detector comprising: at least one light emitting means (9a,5a) for irradiating a surface (4a) of an object (4) to be measured; two light receiving means (9b,9c;5b,5b') for receiving light reflected by the surface, a first distance from one of the light receiving means to the light emitting means (9a,5a) being different from a second distance from the other of the light receiving means to the light emitting means (9a,5a) as measured parallel to the surface (4a) when said detector is in use, and a light receiving area of one of the light receiving means being different from that of the other, so that the light receiving means receive different amounts of light from one another and produce different output signals therefrom; calculating means (6) for calculating a correction quantity for correcting the distances between the surface (4a) and the light receiving means (9b,9c;5b,5b'), the correction quantity being calculated by comparing the output signals of the light receiving means (9b,9c;5b,5b') with one another; and, moving means (12) for correcting the distances between the surface (4a) and the light receiving means (9b,9c;5b,5b') in accordance with the correction quantity.

Inventors: SATO KATSUHARU, TANIGUCHI SHOJI, YANAGAWA NAOHARU, SATO, KATSUHARU, TANIGUCHI, SHOJI, YANAGAWA, NAOHARU, SATO, KATSUHARU, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP., TANIGUCHI, SHOJI, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP., YANAGAWA, NAOHARU, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP.
Applicants: PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORP, PIONEER ELECTRONIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G01B11
IPC codes: G01B11, G11B7, G11B11