Metal detecting apparatus and apparatus for testing metal detecting apparatus

Abstract: Apparatus for testing metal detecting apparatus employs a test piece of representative metal which is passed through a section of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus to record a response signal as if metal had been detected. The testing apparatus comprises the test piece (5) and a housing (3) for the test piece which extends through said section of the electromagnetic field and acts to guide the test piece along its path, said movement of the test piece causing distortion of the electromagnetic field and actuation of the detecting mechanism to give the required signal. Metal detecting apparatus may have the testing apparatus attached thereto or moulded integrally therewith.

Description: This invention relates to apparatus known as metal detecting apparatus and apparatus for testing metal detecting apparatus. Metal detecting apparatus is conventionally used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and also in other fields such as the survey of subterranean objects. A particular example is for the detection of metal which may be present, usually accidentally, in substances such as foodstuffs which may be liquid or solid and which are intended to be free of metal. The foodstuffs or other substances may be conveyed continuously, e.g. either as a stream of packages or as an unpacked but substantially continuous volume of liquid or dry material in granular form which may vary from fine powder to granules of any size convenient to the conveying means. Such substances may be carried by pipes or suitably shaped conveyor belts. Also, metal detecting apparatus is frequently of a form in which the detecting means is based on the provision of an electromagnetic field which is arranged to surround the substance or product being conveyed. Alternatively, the electromagnetic field may be generated closely adjacent to the conveying means. Sensing means within the apparatus detects any transient distortion of the electromagnetic field which will occur if a metal object should pass through the field. In this event, a warning signal may be generated or other action may be taken as necessary or desired. However, the above detecting means are described only by way of example, and the present invention is also applicable to any other metal detecting means, e.g. apparatus in which the product is stationary. When metal detecting apparatus is installed in its intended on line working environment, it is necessary to be able to test that it is working correctly, and preferably without stopping the flow of product. For this purpose, means are often provided for simulating the presence of unwanted metal objects. This may sometimes be done by injecting an electronic signal into the field distortion sensing system and providing means to check its subsequent response. It is also known for an operator to introduce a metal bearing probe into the electromagnetic field of the apparatus and again provide means to check the response. The disadvantage of the first method is that it does not conclusively prove that the apparatus will detect metal. Likewise, the second method is unsatisfactory since it clearly requires an operator, and its results are sensitive to positioning of the probe. FR-A-2379077 relates to a ferrous metal detecting device which is manually tested using test balls containing ferromagnetic material. To test the device, the balls are manually placed in the product path. This means that either the processing of the product must be stopped, or the balls must be sifted from the product, subsequent to testing. Further, since the test balls must be deposited and retrieved from the product, this method is manually performed, and could not be automated without difficulty. According to the invention there is provided testing apparatus for testing metal detecting apparatus to enable periodic testing to determine if the metal detecting apparatus having a product path down which a product passes for metal detection is functioning, comprising a test piece capable of movement and formed of representative metal and capable of being passed through a section of an electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus at discrete time intervals for generating a response signal by the metal detecting apparatus indicating that metal has been detected, characterised in that a guide housing is provided for receiving the test piece and extending along a separate path which is distinct from the product path and for keeping the test piece distinct from the product path, the guide housing extending through a section of the electromagnetic field so as to guide movement of the test piece along a predetermined path within the guide housing, the movement of the test piece causing distortion of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus, generation of the response signal, and actuation of a detecting mechanism of the metal detecting apparatus to indicate that the metal test piece has been detected. Preferably the guide housing for the test piece is a tube through which the test piece can move. The guide housing for the test piece may be formed of any suitable material, but is preferably formed of a non-magnetic material, e.g. a plastic material, a non-magnetic stainless steel, copper or aluminium. It is also preferred that means are provided for blowing the test piece through the guide housing. For metal detecting apparatus intended for detecting metal in moving product, the guide housing is preferably oriented to extend longitudinally of the product path. The invention also provides metal detecting apparatus including an electromagnetic field producing coil, a product path down which a product passes for metal detection, and testing apparatus comprising a test piece formed of representative metal, which is passed through a section of an electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus produced by the coil at discrete time intervals, for generating a response signal by the metal detecting apparatus indicating that metal has been detected, characterised in that a housing is provided for keeping the test piece distinct from the product path, which housing extends through a section of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus and acts to guide movement of the test piece along a predetermined path within the housing, movement of the test piece causing distortion of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus, generation of the response signal, and actuation of a detecting mechanism of the metal detecting apparatus to indicate that the metal test piece has been detected. In the case of the metal detecting apparatus being used for detecting metal in moving product, the metal detecting apparatus may define an aperture containing the product path. Alternatively, the metal detecting apparatus may be employed adjacent the product path. The guide housing may extend through, e.g. be moulded into, the encapsulation of the coil of the metal detecting apparatus. By way of example, specific embodiments in accordance with the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a conveyor belt passing through metal detecting apparatus having testing apparatus therefor; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section through the testing apparatus; and Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of metal detecting apparatus having the same testing apparatus as in the first embodiment. Referring to Figures 1 to 3, metal detecting apparatus has a yoke 2 comprising a solid former having a solid wire coil wrapped around it, the whole being encapsulated in an epoxy resin and housed in a stainless steel casing. A conventional conveyor belt 1 for transporting non-metallic materials or other product (not shown) passes through the aperture defined by yoke 2. The yoke thereby provides an electromagnetic field which surrounds the materials as they pass along the conveyor 1. Any transient distortion of the electromagnetic field which will occur if metal, i.e. unwanted metal, is present among the non-metallic materials, generates a warning signal or other action of a desired manner. The present invention is concerned with the provision of a test facility capable of testing the apparatus at intervals. For this purpose, a non-metallic guide tube 3 or other suitable guide housing made, for example, of nylon or other suitable material, and carrying internally a non-metallic slug 4 in which is embedded a test piece 5 of a representative metal, is securely fastened to the yoke 2. In this embodiment, the guide tube 3 is embedded in the encapsulation of the yoke and extends parallel to the conveyor. The guide tube thereby passes through the electromagnetic field provided by the yoke. One end of the tube, say end 6, is on one side of the yoke and the other end is on the other side of the yoke. When the slug 4 is stationary, the distortion effect is a constant which is tuned out by control means and thus a warning signal or other action is not generated. However, movement of the slug within the tube causes a distortion of the field which does generate a response. The slug 4 can move freely along the guide tube 3 from one end to the other, and is constrained to move therealong, in this embodiment, by pulses of air introduced through tubular junctions 7, 8 mounted in respective ends of the tube. Conventional blow means (not shown) are provided to generate the air pulses. When the slug 4 moves from one end of the tube 3 to the other, it moves from one side of the yoke 2 to the other. The normal rest position of the slug 4 is at the left-hand end of the tube 3 (Figures 2 and 3). Upon the application of pulses of air first through junction 7 and then through junction 8, the slug will travel from left to right and then from right to left and should travel from one side of the yoke to the other side and then back again. As the slug moves it generates corresponding responses to the apparatus sensing means. The control means for generating the pulses of air pressure through the end junctions 7, 8 include reversible valve means (not shown) which may be arranged to operate, say, every 15 or 30 minutes, or whenever is most convenient to an operator so that the apparatus is checked at these intervals. The size of the test piece 5 in the slug 4 may be varied according to the sensitivity of the testing means, and the test piece may be made of different materials depending on the nature of the contaminant anticipated in the product. In this embodiment, the test piece 5 is a sphere of stainless steel. As illustrated, the guide tube 3 is mounted close to the bottom of the yoke, but it may be fixed in any desired position relative to the yoke. For example, if the space taken up by the product being conveyed allows, the tube 3 may extend through the aperture of the yoke. Also, the guide tube 3 is shown in a horizontal attitude, but if desired the yoke 2 and/or the guide tube 3 may be fixed in an inclined or vertical attitude relative to the yoke if this is necessary or more convenient. Movement of the slug 4 in the same direction as the materials on the conveyor belt 1 is preferred since in such a situation if the slug generates a warning signal by distorting the electromagnetic field, any unwanted metal carried by the materials on the conveyor belt should also generate a warning signal. Whatever the preferred location of the guide tube 3, for example whether the tube extends through the aperture defined by the yoke 2 or the encapsulation of the coil, it will be appreciated that the tube extends along a path which is distinct from the path of the materials being conveyed through the yoke. The presence of the tube 3 and thus the ability of the slug 4 to test the metal detecting apparatus does not affect the passage of the materials. Moreover, the slug 4 can be blown along the tube 3 to test the metal detecting apparatus without having to stop the conveyor belt 1 and without any interference with the materials thereon. Figure 4 shows the same guide tube 3 mounted on an alternative metal detecting apparatus in which the electromagnetic field producing coil and field distortion detecting means are built into a relatively thin rectangular solid 9. The conventional product conveyor belt 10 runs just above the detecting apparatus 9 so that an electromagnetic field adjacent to the conveyor belt appears to emanate at right angles to the belt. The guide tube 3 is again moulded into the solid 9 and extends longitudinally of the conveyor belt 10 with its ends on respective sides of the electromagnetic field. Alternatively, the guide tube 3 may be attached to the underside of the solid 9. As before, at regular intervals the metal detecting apparatus is tested by generating air pulses through the tubular end junctions of the guide tube 3 to blow the slug 4 from one end to the other end and back again. As the slug 4 moves through the electromagnetic field, the test piece 5 distorts the field and generates corresponding responses in the apparatus sensing means. Also, as in the previous embodiment, use of the slug containing the test piece does not interfere with the passage of the materials on the conveyor belt. The response signal given in consequence to the movement of the slug 4 along the tube 3 indicates that the metal detecting apparatus is operative. If desired, control means may be provided whereby the response signal may also be employed to recalibrate the metal detecting apparatus as required. It will be appreciated that the testing apparatus described above may be employed in combination with metal detecting apparatus already in use by suitable attachment of the guide tube 3 or other housing to the yoke or other member creating the electromagnetic field, instead of being moulded into the metal detecting apparatus. In other cases in which the testing apparatus is designed as a integral part of the metal detecting apparatus, the guide housing for the slug 4 may comprise a simple aperture or passageway extending through the encapsulation of the coil rather than a preformed housing, e.g. the above described tube 3, moulded into the encapsulation or attached thereto.

Claims: Testing apparatus for testing metal detecting apparatus to enable periodic testing to determine if the metal detecting apparatus having a product path (1) down which a product passes for metal detection is functioning, comprising a test piece (5) capable of movement and formed of representative metal and capable of being passed through a section of an electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus at discrete time intervals for generating a response signal by the metal detecting apparatus indicating that metal has been detected, characterised in that a guide housing (3) is provided for receiving the test piece (5) and extending along a separate path which is distinct from the product path and for keeping the test piece distinct from the product path, the guide housing extending through a section of the electromagnetic field so as to guide movement of the test piece along a predetermined path within the guide housing, the movement of the test piece causing distortion of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus, generation of the response signal, and actuation of a detecting mechanism of the metal detecting apparatus to indicate that the metal test piece has been detected. Testing apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the guide housing (3) for the test piece (5) is a tube through which the test piece can move. Testing apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the guide housing (3) for the test piece (5) is formed of non-magnetic material. Testing apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that means are provided for blowing the test piece (5) through the guide housing (3). Testing apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the metal detecting apparatus is intended for detecting metal in moving product, and the guide housing (3) is oriented to extend longitudinally of the product path (1). Metal detecting apparatus including an electromagnetic field producing coil, a product path (1) down which a product passes for metal detection, and testing apparatus comprising a test piece (5), formed of representative metal, which is passed through a section of an electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus produced by the coil at discrete time intervals, for generating a response signal by the metal detecting apparatus indicating that metal has been detected, characterised in that a housing (3) is provided for keeping the test piece (5) distinct from the product path, which housing extends through a section of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus and acts to guide movement of the test piece along a predetermined path within the housing, movement of the test piece causing distortion of the electromagnetic field of the metal detecting apparatus, generation of the response signal, and actuation of a detecting mechanism of the metal detecting apparatus to indicate that the metal test piece has been detected. Metal detecting apparatus as claimed in Claim 6 for detecting metal in moving product, characterised in that the metal detecting apparatus defines an aperture containing the product path (1). Metal detecting apparatus as claimed in Claim 6 for detecting metal in moving product, characterised in that the metal detecting apparatus is employed adjacent the product path (1). Metal detecting apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the guide housing extends through an encapsulation of the coil of the metal detecting apparatus.

Inventors: HANNAM CLIFFORD, HARWOOD GERALD ALAN, HANNAM, CLIFFORD, HARWOOD, GERALD ALAN
Applicants: HITECH METAL DETECTORS LTD, HITECH METAL DETECTORS LIMITED
Application year: 1990
Main classification: G01V13
IPC codes: G01V3, G01V13