LIQUID FLOW APPARATUS

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus (1) for providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid, in this case sewage, comprising a plurality of chambers (2 and 3) one of which (2) is adapted for connection with a source (not shown) of sewage and another (3) of which is adapted to receive liquid from the one chamber (2), both chambers (2 and 3) having a respective outlet (4 and 5) for liquid arranged so that liquid flow therethrough is combined to provide a maximum desired flow rate from the chambers (2 and 3). The two chambers (2 and 3) together comprise a vessel or tank (6), the other chamber (3) being separate from the one chamber (2) and defined by wall means in the form of walls (7 and 8) interiorly of the one chamber (2). The other chamber (3) is thus wholly within the chamber (2).

Description: LIQUID FLOW APPARATUS The invention relates to liquid flow apparatus, particularly such apparatus for providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid, such as in sewage treatment plants or works. In such plants or works, particularly ones of small capacity, liquid flow is often received entirely, or mainly, from pumping stations. A major problem that this can cause is an intermittent flow to the treatment process. If there are multiple pumped inlets, or very large pumps, then this flow can surcharge the works for a short period. A typical way of overcoming this is to set a weir level at, say, 3 times the designed Dry Weather Flow (DWF) and allow the excess discharge to a balancing tank, to be returned later when the flow rate drops. This tank will usually be designed to retain flow for up to two hours. After this flow would 'storm' to another outlet thereby safeguarding the works from long flow rates of greater than 3 x DWF. This method limits the flow to the plant to a desired maximum, usually 3 x DWF to protect the treatment process from hydraulic overload. When the pumps are running the flow will still peak at 3 x DWF through the plant and will return to zero for periods between pumping cycles. The flow discharged over the weir must also be pumped back into the plant when the bulk of the. flow subsides. This operating cycle is inefficient as it provides uneven flow through the plant, with energy expenditure on pumping discharged liquid back into the plant to be treated. It is accordingly an object of the invention to seek to mitigate these disadvantages. According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid, comprising a plurality of chambers one of which is adapted for connection with a source of liquid and another of which is adapted to receive liquid from the one chamber, both chambers having a respective outlet for liquid arranged so that liquid flow therethrough is combined to provide a maximum desired flow from the chambers. Preferably there may be two chambers, which together may comprise at least part of a vessel for liquid. This provides a relatively efficient use of available space. The another chamber may be within and defined by wall means interiorly of the one chamber. This provides a compact apparatus. Part of the wall means may comprise feed means whereby liquid can pass from the one chamber to the another chamber. This provides a relatively simple structure. The respective liquid outlets may comprise liquid flow limiting devices. This provides for effective flow control without the need for additional equipment. The devices may be adapted to be connected to a common conduit downstream of the chambers. This enables the balanced flow of liquid to be passed on to subsequent treatment. The flow limiting device of the another chamber may provide substantially twice the volume flow through "the flow limiting device of the one chamber. The apparatus may include an overflow means from the one chamber separate from the feed means to the another chamber. According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a sewage treatment plant, including apparatus as hereinbefore defined. Apparatus embodying the invention is hereinafter described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows schematically a perspective view of apparatus according to the invention, for providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid; Fig. 2 shows graphically a flow regime for a prior art system; and Fig. 3 shows graphically a flow regime for apparatus according to Fig. 1. Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 shows apparatus 1 for providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid, in this case sewage, comprising a plurality of chambers 2 and 3 one of which 2 is adapted for connection with a source (not shown) of sewage and another 3 of which is adapted to receive liquid from the one chamber 2, both chambers 2 and 3 having a respective outlet 4 and 5 for liquid arranged so that liquid flow therethrough is combined to provide a maximum desired flow rate from the chambers 2 and 3« The two chambers 2 and 3 together comprise a vessel or tank 6, the another chamber 3 being separate from the one chamber 2 and defined by wall means in the form of walls 7 and 8 interiorly of the one chamber 2. The another chamber 3 is thus wholly within the chamber 2. One wall 7 has a cut out part 9 or weir which defines feed means whereby liquid from the one chamber 2 can discharge into the another chamber 3« A boundary wall 10 of the vessel 6 has a weir or overflowing means 11 from the one chamber 2, which weir 11 is separate from the feed means 9 to the another chamber 3« Each chamber 2 and 3 has in its base (as viewed) the respective outlets 4 and 5 which are in the form of liquid flow restriction devices or hydrobrakes. The hydrobrake 4 in the one or primary chamber 2 is set for a flow equal to 1 x the Dry Weather Flow (DWF) or 1 x the average flow depending on local conditions. In the another or secondary chamber 3, the associated hydrobrake 5 is set with a flow restriction which gives a combined liquid flow from both chambers of 3 x DWF or the maximum desirable flow to be sent downstream of the vessel 6 to further or full treatment. The combined flow is thus either:- (a) 1 x DWF + secondary 2 x DWF = 3 DWF or (b) 1.25 x DWF (average flow) + secondary flow 1.75 x DWF. In use, liquid sewage flows to the vessel 6 from several outlying sources such as pumping stations on its way via a conduit 12 fed in common by the outlets 4 and 5 to a treatment works. Under normal conditions the flow would be restricted through the first limiting device 4 (hydrobrake) from the one chamber 2 regardless of the maximum rate of inflow from the pumping stations, this being the most ideal rate for operation of the works. If conditions of high prolonged flow occur such as during persistant rain, then the rate at which the sewage arrives at the works will be greater than the restriction at the hydrobrake 4- The flow would then discharge into the secondary chamber 3 via feed means 9- It would be able to exit from this chamber 3 up to a rate, combined with the chamber 2, not exceeding 3 x DWF or the maximum desirable flow rate. This provides a continuous and gradual increase in flow from 1 x DWF (or average flow) to 3 x DWF depending on the incoming flow rate. If and only if the flow enters the works at a rate exceeding 3 x DWF for long periods would the flow eventually 'storm' to the storm overflow over the weir 11. Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3 , the graphs show a typical pumping regime to a works with three independant pumping inlets at rates of 18 litres/sec, 40 litres/sec & 85 litres/sec but delivering a DWF of 26 litres/sec over a day. The size of the chambers 2 and 3 will vary depending on local conditions but in general the capacity of each one is not critical. Fig. 2 shows the profile of a typical prior balancing tank set-up with a weir at 3 x DWF, Fig. 3 shows the flow profile of the apparatus 1 of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows a typical trace of a 'peak lopped' flow. Flow to the works is still fluctuating between 0 and 3 x DWF spending a great deal of the time at the designed maximum flow, and 97 cubic metres spills over the weir 11 into the storm tank. This volume has to be returned to the inlet works by pumps in times of low flow at an added energy cost. The apparatus of Fig. 1 has a volume of 50 cubic metres (chamber 2 40m 3 , chamber 3 10m 3 ). Only 8 cubic metres has spilled over the 3 x DWF weir to be returned at low flow periods. This is a reduction in pumping costs of about 90% at the same time as achieving a much more constant flow to the works. The graphs can be summarised in the following tables: Fig. 2 Fig. 3 (apparatus of Fig.1) One chamber 100 cubic metres Two chambers 2 and 3, respect- 97 cubic metres to be ively 40 & 10 cubic metres pumped back to head of works. 8 cubic metres to be pumped back Flow is 'peaked lopped' but to head of works. still fluctuates mainly to Flow to works is relatively 3 x DWF. smooth mainly at 1 x DWF. In both graphs, the inlet flow is indicated by the heavy line 'I 1 , the outlet flow by the lighter line '0', the occurrences of overflow being indicated in each case at 'X' . It can be seen from Fi . 3 that despite fluctuations of inlet sewage flow 'I', the outlet flow '0' is very stable, with less loss over the weir to overflow, as compared with the outlet flow of the conventional apparatus (Fig. 2). It will therefore be understood that apparatus 1 (and a plant incorporating same) has the advantage that it provides an even flow at the designed optimum flow of 1 x DWF to a sewage treatment works under a variety of incoming flow fluctuations and over a greater time than for conventional systems. The vessel 6 can also be of a smaller size than a conventional vessel with a weir overflow and no secondary chamber as in the invention. A plant embodying the apparatus 1 can provide part of a modular or package unit, which provides for flexibility in use. It will be understood that the chamber 3 may be separate from, and in fluid connection with, the chamber 2, rather than within it as shown in Fig. 1. Also, there may be a plurality of chambers 3, each with a hydrobrake 4, rather than one as shown.

Claims: CLAIMS : - 1. Apparatus for providing a substantially uniform flow of liquid, characterised by a plurality of chambers (2, 3), by one of which chambers (2) being adapted for connection with a source of liquid, by another chamber (3) being adapted to receive liquid from the one chamber (2),and by both chambers (2, 3) having a respective outlet (4 and 5) for liquid arranged so that liquid flow therethrough is combined to provide a maximum desired flow from the chambers (2, 3)• 2. Apparatus according to C aim 1, characterised by there being two chambers (2, 3)• 3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised by the chambers (2, 3) comprising at least part of a vessel (6) for liquid. 4- Apparatus according to Claim 3 . characterised by the another chamber (3) being defined by wall means (7, 8) interiorly of the one chamber (2). 5. Apparatus according to Claim 4 > characterised by part of the wall means (7) comprising feed means (9) whereby liquid can pass from the one chamber (2) to the another chamber (3). 6. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, characterised by the respective liquid outlets (4 . 5) comprising liquid flow limiting devices. 7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterised by the devices (4, 5) being adapted to be connected to a common conduit • (11) downstream of the chambers (2, 3)• S. Apparatus according to Claim 6 or Claim 7, characterised by the flow limiting device (5) of the another chamber (3) providing substantially twice the volume flow through the flow limiting device (4) of the one chamber (2). 9- Apparatus according to any of Claims 5 to S, characterised by an overflow means (11) from the one chamber (2) separate from the feed means (9) to the another chamber (3). 10.- A sewage treatment plant, including apparatus according to any preceding claim.

Inventors: MUIR ANDREW ROBERT HUGH, MUIR, ANDREW, ROBERT, HUGH
Applicants: THAMES WATER UTILITIES, THAMES WATER UTILITIES LIMITED
Application year: 1990
Main classification: E03F5
IPC codes: E03F5