Metal working oil composition

Abstract: A water-soluble metal working oil which comprises an oligomer component selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers is usable both in the field of cutting and in the field of grinding.

Description: (a) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a metal working oil composition which can be used widely in various fields, being usable both for cutting and for grinding. More particularly, the present invention relates to a metal working oil composition which can be suitably used in various metal working fields, for example, in the fields of cutting, grinding, forming, drawing, and rolling. (b) Description of the Related Art In conventional metal working such as cutting or grinding, the kind of metal working has determined the types of working oils to be used in each metal working; for instance, emulsion or soluble working oils have been used for cutting, and solution working oils for grinding. The reasons for using different working oils are as follows. (1) Both emulsion and soluble working oils contain mineral oils, which cause loading of grindstones when these working oils are used for grinding. (2) On the other hand, when solution working oils are used for cutting, they cause decreases in the surface quality of machined surfaces produced by tapping or reaming and in the lives of tools. The French patent application FR-A-2 137 678 discloses lubricating oils containing hydrocarbon liquids or oils and alkylthiocarboxylic or alkylthiodicarboxylic acids and primary, secondary and tertiary alkylamines as additives in order to inhibit the corrosion of metals caused by its contact with liquids containing hydrocarbons. These water soluble oil composition can be also used in the field of metal working. The US patent US-A-4 080 302 discloses a lubricant composition comprising a lubricant selected from the group consisting of oils of lubricating viscosity, greases thereof and metal working fluids, which comprise synthetic oils, such as hydrogenated polydecenes. This reference also discloses the addition of additives which lower the surface tension of water, such as cationic, anionic or nonionic detergents. Furthermore, in order to impart load carrying properties to the lubricant composition, sulfur as an organic hydroperoxide is added in an appropriate amount. That is, conventional metal working oils for cutting and grinding have a problem that, as mentioned above, the oils for cutting and the oils for grinding need to be different, and therefore, there has been a demand for development of metal working oils which are usable both for cutting and for grinding. The conventional metal working oils have more problems. For example, even in case the conventional metal working oils for cutting are used for cutting, or the conventional metal working oils for grinding are used for grinding, their effects in improving working efficiency are insufficient, that is, in particular, the machined surfaces of the processed articles are not sufficiently accurate or the tool life tends to be decreased. Further, the conventional metal working oils still require improvement in the property of inhibiting decomposition by microorganisms. Moreover, particularly in their use for grinding, there is another problem that it is difficult to extend the intervals between dressings sufficiently. An object of the present invention is to provide a metal working oil composition which has excellent advantages in that when used for cutting, it can extend tool lives and improve the quality of the machined surfaces, and as well, when used even for grinding, it causes no loading of grindstones, thereby enabling dressing intervals to be extended, and therefore, it can also be used suitably as a working oil both for cutting and for grinding. Another object of the present invention is to provide a metal working oil composition which hardly is decomposed by microorganisms, thereby preventing coolants from being decomposed more effectively. That is, the object of the present invention is to provide a metal working oil composition which is so extremely advantageous in practical use that it can be suitably used in various metal working fields. As the results of researches for solving the above-described problems, it was found that the above-described object can be accomplished by a metal working oil composition which comprises a specific synthetic oil, i.e. an oligomer of an α -olefin having a specific number of carbon atoms or a hydrogenated derivative of the oligomer in place of or together with conventional mineral oils or synthetic oils and an anionic and nonionic emulsifier and water. The present invention provides a metal working oil composition, comprising: (A) an oligomer component selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers (B) an anionic emulsifier, (C) a nonionic emulsifier and water wherein the amount of the oligomer component (A) is from 10 to 60 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C), the amount of the anionic emulsifier (B) is from 25 to 80 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C), the amount of the nonionic emulsifier (C) is from 2 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the amount of water is from 5 to 400 times the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C). The present invention further provides a metal working oil composition, comprising: (A) an oligomer component selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers; (B) an anionic emulsifier; (C) a nonionic emulsifier, water and a mineral oil wherein the amount of the oligomer component (A) is from 10 to 60 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, the amount of the mineral oil is from 1 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, and is not more than 50 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A) and the mineral oil, the amount of the anionic emulsifier (B) is from 25 to 80 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, the amount of the nonionic emulsifier (C) is from 2 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, and the amount of water is from 5 to 400 times the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil. The metal working oil composition of the present invention comprises at least an oligomer component (component (A)) selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers, and in addition to the component (A), it further contain various kinds of additive components or diluents as specified in the claims. In the preparation of the metal working oil composition of the present invention, there is no particular limitation in the order and method of adding each component. Hereinafter, the metal working oil composition of the present invention will be disclosed in detail as to its composition, etc. Anionic emulsifiers (component (B)) are used together with nonionic emulsifiers (component (C)). Some examples of the oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms to be used in the present invention include homopolymers (oligomers) of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, copolymers each consisting of two or more of the α -olefins, and mixtures thereof. The oligomer component (A) may further contain oligomers which contain monomer units of olefins other than the above-described α -olefins so long as the accomplishment of the object of the present invention is not disturbed. The α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms include aliphatic α -olefins, alicyclic α -olefins, and aromatic α -olefins. Among the oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms, those which are particularly suitable for general use include oligomers of aliphatic α -olefins and oligomers obtainable by polymerizing aliphatic α -olefins as the main polymerization ingredients. The aliphatic α -olefins include linear and branched α -olefins. The linear α -olefins include 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, and 1-tetradecene. Some illustrative examples of the branched α -olefins include various ones, such as iso- and neo-α -olefins each having at least one vinyl group or at least one vinylidene group. The above-described hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers of α -olefins having 6 to 14 carbon atoms are compounds obtainable by hydrogenating the above-described various kinds of oligomers or mixtures of the oligomers or mixtures of the compounds. The particularly preferred examples of the component (A) to be used in the present invention are oligomers of α -olefins of 8 to 12 carbon atoms, including 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, and 1-dodecene, and hydrogenation derivatives thereof. The component (A) to be used in the present invention may be one oligomer or hydrogenation derivative of an oligomer selected from the above-described various kinds of oligomers and the hydrogenation derivatives thereof or may be a mixture of two or more of them. In the present invention, the preferred oligomers, hydrogenation derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof to be used as the component (A) generally have a kinematic viscosity of from 1 to 50 cSt as measured at 100 °C . If the kinematic viscosity is less than 1 cSt, lives of tools used in cutting may be decreased, and on the other hand, if it exceeds 50 cSt, emulsification may become difficult. The suitable content of the component (A) in the metal working oil composition of the present invention is from 10 to 60 % by weight, based on the total amount of all components excluding the diluents such as water) which is defined to be 100 % by weight. If the content is less than 10 % by weight, it may become difficult to attain sufficiently the effects of the present invention. The base liquid i.e. the oil composition of the present invention containing no diluent such as water may further contain general base oils, such as mineral oils or synthetic oils other than the component (A), in an amount not more than the amount of the component (A), with the proviso that the total amount of the component (A) and general base oils is within the range of from 10 to 60 % by weight of the base liquid. The anionic emulsifiers used as the component (B) in the present invention may be of various kinds. Some examples of the anionic emulsifiers include salts of carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids with amines or metals (Some examples of the carboxylic acids include fatty acids of 8 to 30 carbon atoms such as oleic acid and polycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and maleic acid, and some examples of the amines include alkanolamines such as mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamines, cyclic amines such as morpholine and piperazine, cyclohexylamine, and dicyclohexylamine, and alkylene oxide adducts of these amines, and some examples of the metals include alkaline metals such as sodium and potassium and alkaline earth metals such as calcium and barium.); sulfates; phosphates; polymerized polymer emulsifiers such as partial saponification derivatives of copolymers of olefins, for example, styrene, with maleic anhydride; and polycondensed polymer emulsifiers such as naphthalenesulfonates-formalin condensates. These may be used individually or in a combination of two or more of them. The particularly preferred anionic emulsifiers include one or mixtures of those selected from the group consisting of salts of fatty acids of 8 to 30 carbon atoms such as oleic acid with alkaline metals such as sodium and potassium, salts of fatty acids of 8 to 30 carbon atoms such as oleic acid with alkanolamines such as mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolamines, and salts of sulfonic acids with alkaline metals such as sodium and potassium. The suitable content of the anionic emulsifier used as the component (B) in the metal working oil composition of the present invention is from 25 to 80 % by weight, when the amount of the base liquid being defined above and the total amount of all components excluding the diluents such as water is defined to be 100 % by weight. The nonionic emulsifiers used as the component (C) in the present invention may be of various kinds. Some examples of the nonionic emulsifier which may be used include polyoxyalkylene emulsifiers such as polyoxyalkylene glycols, mono- or di-etherified compounds of polyoxyalkylene glycols, glycerols, alkylene oxide adducts of glycerols, and etherified compounds of glycerols or of alkylene oxide adducts of glycerols (Some examples of the alkylene include alkylene groups of 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethylene and propylene, and some examples of the terminal ether substituents include alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkylaryl groups, aralkyl groups, and cycloalkyl groups.); esters of carboxylic acids with alcohols (Some examples of the carboxylic acids include fatty acids of 8 to 30 carbon atoms such as oleic acid and polycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and maleic acid, and some examples of the alcohols include aliphatic alcohols of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, phenol, alkylphenols, polyhydric alcohols such as polyoxyalkylene glycols, glycerols, sorbitans, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropanes, and alkylene oxide adducts thereof.); nitrogen-containing emulsifiers such as amides of alkanolamines with fatty acids or polycarboxylic acids and alkylene oxide adducts of alkylamines. These nonionic emulsifiers may be used either individually or in a combination of two or more of them. The suitable content of the nonionic emulsifier used as the component (C) in the metal working oil composition of the present invention is from 2 to 30 % by weight, when the amount of the base liquid being defined above and the total amount of all components excluding the diluents such as water is defined to be 100 % by weight. Using a nonionic emulsifiers (C) together with the above-described component (B) can further improve the emulsion stability of a metal working oil composition. In addition to the above-described component (A), component (B), and component (C), the metal working oil composition of the present invention may further contain other additives used in conventional metal working oils, such as emulsifiers other than the component (B) and the component (C), rust and corrosion preventives, disinfectants, extreme pressure agents, oiliness improvers, and antifoaming agents. In practical use of the metal working oil composition of the present invention, the above-described base liquids of various compositions are diluted with diluents, generally with water. The proper degree of dilution of the base liquids with water at the time of their use is about from 5 to 400 times in weight ratio. The metal working oil composition of the present invention comprises the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and water as a diluent, the amount of the oligomer component (A) being from 10 to 60 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C); the amount of the anionic emulsifier (B) being from 25 to 80 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C); the amount of the nonionic emulsifier (C) being from 2 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C); and the amount of water being from 5 to 400 times the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C). In cases where the metal working oil composition of the present invention comprises the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), water as a diluent, and a mineral oil, the amount of the oligomer component (A) is from 10 to 60 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil; the amount of the mineral oil is from 1 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil and is not more than 50 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A) and the mineral oil; the preferred amount of the anionic emulsifier (B) is from 25 to 80 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil; the amount of the nonionic emulsifier (C) is from 2 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil; and the amount of water is from 5 to 400 times the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil. In preparation of the metal working oil composition of the present invention, either of a base liquid state or of a diluted solution state, the order and method in which the predetermined components (in case of a diluted solution, components including diluents such as water) are mixed or added are not particularly limited, and the preparation can be carried out by mixing or adding the components in various orders and methods. Thus, the metal working oil composition of the present invention can be prepared. The metal working oil composition of the present invention can be suitably used in various metal working fields, such as polishing, forming, drawing, and rolling, to say nothing of cutting and grinding. The metal working oil composition of the present invention has excellent advantages as described below. First of all, the metal working oil composition of the present invention can be used particularly suitably both for cutting and for grinding. In addition the metal working oil composition of the present invention has excellent characteristics in that it hardly decomposed by microorganisms and can effectively work to prevent the decomposition by microorganisms of coolants. Further, the metal working oil composition of the present invention can extend the tool lives and improve the quality of machined surfaces in cutting or the like, and also causes no loading of grindstones in grinding or the like, thereby enabling dressing intervals to be extended, and therefore, it can be suitably used as a working oil both for cutting and for grinding. The following examples are presented as specific illustrations of the claimed invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the examples. EXAMPLES 1 TO 4 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 4 Metal working oil compositions having the compositions as shown in Table 1 were prepared, and each working oil composition was subjected to a grinding test (Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4) and to a cutting test (Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4), and the working efficiency attained in each Example was evaluated. Further, each metal working oil was subjected to an anti-putrefaction test. Properties of the components used for the preparation of the metal working oil compositions, properties of the objects of cutting or grinding, conditions of the working tests, the methods of evaluating working efficiency, the conditions and methods of anti-putrefaction tests, etc. are shown by the explanatory notes in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1. From the results shown in Table 1, it became apparent that, for example: (a) The metal working oil composition of the present invention, which contained an oligomer of an α -olefin shows improvement in the working efficiency as compared with the conventional metal working oil, the base oil of which is a mineral oil (Compare Example 2 with Comparative Example 1.); (b) The metal working oil composition of the present invention also exhibits a high working efficiency in grinding efficiency as compared even with the metal working liquid comprising the conventional oil of solution type (Compare Example 2 with Comparative Example 4.). Explanation of the explanatory notes in Table 1 note 1) : The content of every component is shown in % by weight reflecting the amount of the component contained in each base liquid for a working oil. note 2) : an oligomer of 1-decene having a kinematic viscosity of 6 cSt (100 °C) note 3) : diethanolamine salt of oleic acid note 4) : polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether note 5) : esters of sorbitans with oleic acid note 6) : 150 Neutral note 7) : chlorinated paraffin note 8) ; other additives including rust and corrosion preventives note 9) : working efficiency tests and evaluation thereof (1) cutting: milling test (Each working oil was diluted 10 times with water to be subjected to the test under the following conditions.) Sandwiched materials constructed with a stainless steel and a casting were subjected to milling, and the number of the materials which were processed before the milling cutter used was broken and the surface quality (R max ) attained by the processing just before the breakage were evaluated. Conditions Machine tool: a milling machine (produced by HITACHI SEIKI CO., LTD.) Cutter: a milling cutter ( 100) (produced by Sumitomo Electric Industries. Ltd., DHG4100R) Tip: T25A IGETAROI SPCN42TR Machined object: 80 W × 150× 90 H (mm) (A sheet of SUS310SE sandwiched between two sheets of FC-25) Testing conditions: cutting speed V=14.0 m/min feed f=0.12 mm/rev depth of cut t=0.4 mm (2) Grinding: centerless grinding test (Each working oil was diluted 20 times with water to be subjected to the test under the following conditions.) Pins made of a stainless steel were subjected to centerless grinding, and the working efficiency was evaluated from the number of the pins processed before the first dressing. The loading of the used grindstone was visually observed. Conditions Machine tool: a centerless grinding machine Grindstone: GC ( 500) Ground object: SUS316 Revolution: 2,600m/min note 10) : anti-putrefaction (i.e. decomposition by microorganisms) test and evaluation thereof The anti-putrefaction test was conducted according to a shaking culture method under the following conditions, and the test results were evaluated. Amount of liquid: 100 ml (2 ml of a base liquid was diluted 50 times with distilled water.) Temperature: 30 °C Revolution: 160 rpm Putrefying bacteria: the following stock culture bacteria 5 ml Chips: FC-25 3 g Culture period: two weeks

Claims: Metal working oil composition comprising (A) an oligomer component selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers, (B) an anionic emulsifier, (C) a nonionic emulsifier and water, wherein the amount of the oligomer component (A) is from 10 to 60 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C), the amount of the anionic emulsifier (B) is from 25 to 80 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C), the amount of the nonionic emulsifier (C) is from 2 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the amount of water is from 5 to 400 times the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), and the nonionic emulsifier (C). Metal working oil composition comprising (A) an oligomer component selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers (B) an anionic emulsifier, (C) a nonionic emulsifier, water and a mineral oil, wherein the amount of the oligomer component (A) is from 10 to 60 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, the amount of the mineral oil is from 1 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, and is not more than 50 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A) and the mineral oil, the amount of the anionic emulsifier (B) is from 25 to 80 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, the amount of the nonionic emulsifier (C) is from 2 to 30 % by weight of the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil, and the amount of water is from 5 to 400 times the total amount of the oligomer component (A), the anionic emulsifier (B), the nonionic emulsifier (C), and the mineral oil. The metal working oil composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the oligomer component is selected from the group consisting of oligomers of α -olefins of 8 to 12 carbon atoms and hydrogenation derivatives of the oligomers. The metal working oil composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the oligomer component is an oligomer of 1-decene. The metal working oil composition composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the anionic emulsifier (B) is selected from the group consisting of alkaline metal salts of fatty acids of 8 to 30 carbon atoms, alkanolamine salts of fatty acids of 8 to 30 carbon atoms and alkaline metal salts of sulfonic acids. The metal working oil composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the anionic emulsifier (B) is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine salt of oleic acid, sodium sulfonates, and potassium oleate. The metal working oil composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the oligomer component (A) is an oligomer of 1-decene, and the anionic emulsifier (B) is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine salt of oleic acid sodium stilfonates, and potassium oleate. The metal working oil composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the nonionic emulsifier (C) is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene emulsifiers, esters of carboxylic acids with alcohols, and nitrogen-containing emulsifiers. The metal working oil composition as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the nonionic emulsifier (C) is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether and esters of sorbitans with oleic acid. The metal working oil composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the oligomer component (A) is an oligomer of 1-decene, the anionic emulsifier (B) is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine salt of oleic acid. sodium sulfonates, and potassium oleate, and the nonionic emulsifier (C) is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether and esters of sorbitans with oleic acid.

Inventors: YAMANAKA MASAMI C O IDEMITSU K, YAMANAKA, MASAMI, YAMANAKA, MASAMI, C/O IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD.
Applicants: IDEMITSU KOSAN CO, IDEMITSU KOSAN COMPANY LIMITED
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C10M173
IPC codes: C10M173, C10N40, C10N60