A method and apparatus for applying hard or soft covers to bound or unbound documents

Abstract: A book binding system captures pages of a bound or unbound book in a hard or soft cover case by crimping a metal U-shaped channel which is bonded to the inside spine surface of the hard or soft covers. One form of apparatus comprises first and second jaws means (110, 115); a bed (122) on which is rested the spine portion of the case; and a handle (105) for moving one of the jaws (115) towards the other jaw (110) in order to crimp the outside of the case adjacent the spine portion and thereby bend the channel member so as to secure the case to pages within the case. The case, containing the pages, is positioned (a) by guides (118, 119).

Description: This invention is directed generally to the binding of bound or unbound books, and in particular is concerned with improvements in the manner in which hard or soil back covers are secured to the books. Sheet binding is one of the oldest known arts, and numerous methods and apparatus are known in the art for permanently or temporarily securing sheets together. Many of these, of course, are only economically suited for high priced or high volume commercial printing operations. There is a long standing need for improved sheet fastening means for localized, simple and inexpensive binding of, for example, stacks of twenty to 300 pages. This need has been greatly increased by the widespread use of xerographic equipment, where large numbers of printed sheets are produced by relatively unskilled personnel in non-commercial printing operations. The demand for simplicity and economy in these applications has continued to retain conventional metal staples as the primary fastening means. This is in spite of the fact that stapling, riveting or other sheet binding means requiring penetration of the sheet creates stress points in the sheets which encourage sheet tearing and inadvertent sheet removal. So does any sharp edge of the staples or rivets. Further, the pull-off strength of the top and bottom sheets in any stack fastened in this conventional manner is limited by the strength of the sheet over the small areas directly underlying the heads of the staple or rivet. Thus, it is clear that a sheet binding method which provides inter-sheet adhesion over a much larger binding area than staples or rivets, and which does not require any sheet penetration or sharp edges, is greatly preferable. Various adhesive bonding methods have been developed which have suitable binding strength but they have not achieved widespread utilization in many low volume binding applications, apparently because they are not sufficiently simple and economical in comparison to metal staples or rivets. They require the supplying, handling and containment of separate adhesive materials. There is a need in the finishing industry for an upscale hardback cover look which transforms the utilitarian soil cover type bound copy set into an expensive "limited edition" library bound look. Attempts have been made in the past at filling this need. For example, one binding system is available that uses an adhesive to bind pages of a book to the spine of a hardback cover and does not positively lock the pages to the cover, therefore, it is easy to cause the pages to unbind. In another bindery system, attachment holes must be punched in all pages that are to be placed within hardback covers. This is a slow and tedious process. There is also the substantial cost of the punching and case centering devices. A loose leaf binder made by Elbe Products, 649 Alden St., Fall River, MA. uses a spring steel internal mechanism to retain pages. To open the binder, the hard covers are pressed backward. This opens the retaining spring. Plastic retaining clips enclosed herewith have also been used in the past to hold loose leaf sheets and cover sheets together. Patents of interest include US-A-972,617 which discloses a book binding glue press for compressing and binding a book on three sides thereof simultaneously. The binder is adjustable to accommodate books of varying thicknesses. The compressed book is glued to a flexible cover while in the binder. A lever is used to manually compress and release the binder. In US-A-2,583,403, a book binding technique using a U-shaped member 17 is shown for protecting and sealing the back edges of a book. A book binding machine is disclosed in US-A-2,743,467 for binding records and reports for businesses. A U-shaped end cap made of bendable metal is used to bind the records together along with a hard front and rear cover. Slots are cut into two sides of the records stack near the bind area and fit with binding strips to maintain record integrity and keep pages from falling out of the binder. US-A-2,852,275 shows a transparent window for showing a label or title of a book. The window may be on the front cover or the spine. Title cards may be slipped behind the window under a cover method of book binding wherein a U-shaped clip 12 is clamped so as to tightly clamp a book and outer cover together, however, the problem with this type of binding is that the clamp is on the outside of the book thereby preventing the bound documents from looking like a classic book. In GB-A-1,277,707, a loose leaf binder is disclosed having a removable portion of the outer spine to form a window through which a label can be inserted. US-A-3,749,423 is directed to assembling of an uncased book to a case. None of these methods and apparatuses appear to answer the heretofore mentioned problems. Another way of binding a stack of sheets is described in GB-A-2,145,033, in which one or more non-resilient channel members are clenched onto the edge of the stack. The (or each) channel is provided with inwardly-directed projections which cause local compression of the sheets without penetrating them and so hold the sheets in place. In GB-A-926,330 there is described a book binding apparatus which uses a preformed book-back clip with end projections to bind together a stack of sheets. The long edges of the clip are compressed around the edge of the stack, and then the end projections are folded around the ends of the stack. According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for binding pages of an uncased book into a case, wherein the case includes a spine portion comprising a deformable U-shaped channel member, or for binding pages of a book into a deformable U-shaped channel member used alone, the longitudinal edges of the side walls of the channel member being free of transverse, inwardly-directed projections; the apparatus comprising: first and second jaws; a bed on which is rested the spine portion of the case or of said channel member used alone; and means for moving at least one of said jaws towards the other jaw in order to crimp the walls of the channel member and thereby deform the walls of the channel member permanently such that they converge towards one another in a direction away from the spine portion of the case or of the channel member so as to secure the case or the channel member to pages within the case or the channel member, the channel member remaining open ended throughout a binding operation. The invention also provides a method of binding unbound or previously bound pages to a case, comprising the steps of: providing a case that includes a spine portion comprising a deformable U-shaped channel member with front and back covers attached thereto, the longitudinal edges of the side walls of the channel member being free of transverse, inwardly-directed projections, and the channel member being open ended; inserting either unbound or bound pages into the channel member; and crimping the walls of the channel member to deform them permanently such that they converge towards one another in a direction away from the spine portion to thereby grip the pages to form a bound book, the channel member remaining open ended after crimping. In a further aspect, the invention provides a case for binding the pages of a book thereto, comprising: front and back covers; a spine portion between said front and back covers; and a deformable U-shaped channel member attached to said spine portion for receiving the pages, the longitudinal edges of the side walls of the channel member being free of transverse, inwardly-directed projections, and the channel member being open ended; whereby once the pages are inserted into the channel member, the channel member is crimpable through the outside of the case adjacent the spine portion to deform the side walls permanently such that they converge towards one another in a direction away from the spine portion to thereby secure the pages to the case, the channel member remaining open ended after crimping. In one embodiment of the invention, a fast, cost effective binding apparatus for binding pages of a bound or unbound book or documents to a hard or soft back case that is not labor intensive is disclosed that includes guides into which a case having front and back covers and a spine portion with a U-shaped channel member adhered thereto is placed. The guides position the case on an elastomer bed of the apparatus adjacent to which are fixed and movable jaws having beveled portion opposite the spine of the case. A handle on the apparatus is manipulated in order to move the movable jaw toward the stationary jaw and crimp the U-shaped channel member to the pages and thereby attach the case to the pages. The bed may include a recessed area beneath said elastomeric material, and movement of said first jaw may cause said elastomeric material to displace into said recessed area. The elastomeric material may be spring biased. The channel member is preferably made of metal. The channel member has upstanding walls and may include a resilient material on at least a portion of the inside surfaces of said upstanding walls in order to maintain the clamping force on said pages as a result of crimping said U-shaped channel member. The apparatus may include cradle means for supporting said case so that said pages can be aligned therein prior to the insertion of said case onto said bed of said movable jaw, and may also include case size selection means for selecting the case with the proper sized U-shaped channel member for the number of pages to be crimped. The case size selection means may include a channel means with a size selection dial on one portion thereof and a pointer that is manipulated to one end of said pages once they are placed into said channel means to thereby indicate on said size selection dial the size of U-shaped channel member needed to bind said pages. The channel means has at least one tapered side so that it can be used as a thickness gage for said pages placed therein. The movable jaw may include a first portion and second portion, and wherein initial movement of said handle causes both said first and second portions of said movable jaw to move in unison and wherein continued movement of said handle causes only said first portion of said movable jaw to continue moving toward said stationary jaw. The first and second portions of said movable jaw are held together by a biasing means. An hydraulic cylinder means may be used for controlling the movement of said handle. Automatic case size adjustment of said jaws may be accomplished during the binding stroke of said handle, and said automatic case size adjustment may be achieved by means of a self-locking friction clamp. Overtravel springs may be used to limit the maximum binding force. The automatic case size adjustment may be achieved by means of a hydraulic cylinder with an internal check valve and release rod, in which case the maximum binding force is limited by a pressure relief valve within said cylinder. A preferred method in accordance with the invention includes the steps of: providing a case that includes front and back covers and a spine portion with an adhesive material applied to the inside surface of the spine; adhering a U-shaped channel member to the adhesive material; inserting either bound or unbound pages into the channel member; and crimping the outside spine area of the case to attach the case to the pages to thereby form a bound book. In yet a further aspect of the invention, a completed book is disclosed comprising: front and back covers; a spine between said front and back covers; and a binding member, the binding member having sheets inserted between opposing elastically deformable spring walls of the binding member, and wherein the spring walls are initially spaced apart by a distance greater than the thickness of the stack of sheets and then elastically deforming at least one of the spring walls towards one another beyond its modulus of elasticity into a crimped position in which the deformed opposing spring walls securely crimps an edge of the stack of sheets therebetween with a sufficient elastic force and contact pressure to bind the sheets into a book. An apparatus and method for binding pages in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a side perspective of a binding apparatus of the present invention with its crimping handle in an actuated position. Figure 2 is an isometric view of the apparatus of Figure 1 with its crimping handle in its non-binding position. Figure 3 is an end view of a bookcase with a channel member attached to its spine. Figure 4 is an enlarged partial side elevation of a bookcase with covering material being removed from an adhesive material on the inside surface of one of its hard back covers. Figure 5 is an end view of a hot melt bound book after it has been crimped by a metal channel member. Figure 6 is an enlarged side elevation of the binding apparatus of Figure 1 with its actuating handle in an open position. Figure 7 is an enlarged side elevation of the binding apparatus of Figure 1 with its actuating handle in its closed position. Figure 8 is an enlarged plan view of the binding apparatus of Figure 6. Figures 9a - 9d are schematic views of the binding apparatus of Figure 1 showing the operational sequence for binding a book in accordance with the present invention. Figure 10 is an enlarged partial side elevation of an alternative embodiment of the binding apparatus of the present invention with its actuating handle in an open position. Figure 11 is an enlarged partial side elevation of the binding apparatus of Figure 10 with its actuating handle in its closed position. Figure 12 is an enlarged plan view of the binding apparatus of Figure 10. Figures 13A and 13B are enlarged plan and isometric views, respectively, showing the clamp bars of Figure 12. Figure 14 is an enlarged partial side elevation of another alternative embodiment of the binding apparatus of the present invention with its actuating handle in an open position. Figure 15 is an enlarged partial plan view of the binding apparatus of Figure 14. Figure 16 is an enlarged side view of the overtravel force limiter hydraulic piston in accordance with the present invention. For a general understanding of the features of the present invention, reference is made to the drawings. In the drawings, like reference numerals have been used throughout to designate identical elements. Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, there is shown by way of example a binding apparatus, designated generally by the numeral 100 incorporating the features of the present invention. Books that can be bound by the binding apparatus 100 include the bookcase 20 shown in Figures 3 and 4. Bookcase 20 has hard back covers 22 and 24 that are boards covered by a cloth or paper covering material 21 which has a spine portion 23 positioned between hard back covers 22 and 24. An adhesive material 25 on the inside surfaces of the hard back covers has release sheets 27, such as paper, covering the adhesive material. The spine portion 23 of the bookcase 20 has a U-shaped, rounded interior radiused channel member 30 attached to it by an appropriate glue. It should be understood that the channel member can be attached to the case by any suitable means, for example, riveting, double sided tape, snapped, screwed, etc. U-shaped channel member 30 is preferably made of steel, however, any material that reacts with plastic deformation could be used as long as it is strong enough to hold the paper. Channel sizes are supplied according to the number of pages to be cased, for example, channel sizes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G of gage 103 to be described hereinafter, have a width in mm +/- 0.13 of about 10.4, 13.2, 16.3, 20.3, 24.4, 28.4 and 32.5, respectively. Ordinarily, the walls of the channel member have a height of about 6.35 +/- 0.13 mm. The bookcase is adapted to be placed within a bookcase cradle 108 of binding apparatus 100. A book of separate and individual sheets or pages 28 with thicker end leaves 29 is placed within channel member 30 and the channel member is crimped against the sides of the end leaves to attach the bookcase to the pages of the book. The channel member may optionally have a layer of resilient material added to the insides of the walls to maintain the clamping force. The bookcase is then removed from the binding apparatus and release sheet 27 is removed from the inside surfaces of hard back covers 22 and 24 and the covers are pressed against the end leaves in order to adhere the hard back covers to the end leaves and to present a view to the reader that does not include channel member 30. Soft covers could be used in place of the hard back covers. In Figure 5, channel member 30 is shown crimped around a book that has been previously bound with a hot melt tape 43. The previously bound book 40 with pages 45 and soft outer covers 42 is placed within the channel member and the channel member is crimped by the use of binding apparatus 100. This procedure gives soft or hard cover books the look of professional binding. The demand book binding apparatus 100 in Figures 6, 7 and 8 is assembled to a base plate 101 supported by foot pads 106. A low friction pad 102 and stationary jaw 110 are attached to the base plate. Movable jaw 115 and housing 120 are mounted above the pad and slide on it. The fixed and movable jaws include beveled clinch members 112 and 117, respectively, and have guides 118 and 119 mounted thereon that control the positioning of the bookcase(s) 20. The movable jaw 115 slides on guide rods 135 supported by fixed jaw 110, to maintain alignment between clinch members. A link member 130 is supported for movement about shafts 131 and 132 and connects to the fixed jaw 110 via handle pivot shaft 109. The adjustment of the gap between clinch members 112 and 117 for different size books is accomplished by the action of lead screws 140 and 141, which are synchronized together by the toothed belt 151 and the toothed pulleys 152 and 153. The lead screws operate in threaded holes in housing 120 to adjust the space between the housing and the movable jaw 115. The limits of this adjustment are set by stop screw 134 and stops 137 and 138. The adjustment handle 149 and hollow shaft 145, are supported by bracket 147, and are rotationally connected to shaft 142, supported by bracket 146, by the action of pin 143 riding in slot 148. This allows the handle location to remain fixed as the lead screw moves in and out. Pointer 139 is attached to toothed belt 151 and moves with it as the lead screws are rotated. Adjustment is complete when the pointer lines up with the end of the set of pages 28 which have been inserted as far as they will go into the tapered thickness gage 103. A size selection dial 104 associated with the thickness gage indicates the proper bookcase 20 size to use. Handle 105 is shown in its up or home position in Figure 6, and is pivotable about handle pivot shaft 109 in order to change the dimension between the fixed and movable jaws and crimp the bookcase placed within jaws 115 and 110. Movement of handle 105 also changes the dimension between the guides 118 and 119 from "a" in Figure 6 to "b" in Figure 7. As seen in Figure 8, the handle includes two upright arms that are connected at their outer extremities by a horizontal cross member and provide an open space therebetween in order to not interfere with bookcases as the handle is manipulated in up and down channel crimping action. A movable elastomer bed 122 is mounted in movable jaw 115 over recess 116, into which it can deflect when it flexes. The elastomer bed is free to move with respect to jaw 115 and is biased by compression spring 124. The elastomer bed and recess allow the spine of bookcase 20 to expand downward as it is crimped by movement of handle 105 and thereby insure a traditional appearance of the final book. The operation of binding apparatus 100 is shown in Figures 9A - 9D. The binding apparatus handle is initially in its vertical or open position (Figure 9A). Sheets 28 to be bound are first jogged for alignment of all edges and then placed within thickness gage 103, which has at least one tapered or stepped side, and slid along until the right hand edge of the stack of sheets is touching both sides of the gage 103. While holding pages 28 in this position, bookcase size selection pointer or position indicator 139 is moved by rotating the adjustment handle 149 until the pointer is aligned with the end of the pages. The pointer is now positioned over the proper size bookcase for the pages as seen on the bookcase size selection dial 104 which lies beneath the pointer and lists bookcase sizes A through G. A selected bookcase as indicated beneath pointer 139 is placed into bookcase cradle 108 with the front cover facing the operator and the bottom of the bookcase against the end wall of the cradle (Figure 9B). Preferably, the front cover and spine of the bookcase has a colored panel suitable for the placing of title material thereon. The pages 28 are now placed into the open bookcase and down against the channel member 30 with the title page orientated toward the operator. The bottom edge of the pages is now squared up by grasping the pages and gently rapping that edge against the wall of the cradle while holding the bookcase against the same wall. As a result of the preceding procedure, both the top and bottom edges of the pages are now squared off. Holding the pages firmly, as well as the bookcase, pull the pages back into the bookcase until both ends of the pages are aligned with the ends of the channel member. Next, the bookcase is closed and removed from the cradle and inserted into the book binding apparatus, between the guides 118 and 119, and onto elastomer bed 122 with the colored spine oriented downward and released once the bookcase is resting against the elastomer bed (Figure 9C). The middle of binding handle 105 is now grasped with both hands and pulled toward the operator and down (Figure 9D) until stop 107 comes to rest on link member 130 (Figure 7). The channel member has now been crimped against the pages inserted therein to form a uniquely bound book. The handle is now raised to its original vertical position in order to remove the bound book and to ready the binding apparatus for the next book bind. Creation of the front cover and spine title labels and their attachment to the bookcase can now take place. Bookcase title labels can be printed or typewritten and placed on the front and spine panels. For example, a recessed insert area is included in the front cover of the bookcase. Into this recessed area is hot foil stamped a colored background and onto which is attached a transparent coating of adhesive that is protected by a strip of protective paper. The colored foil has a dry, heat activated adhesive on its back side. A hot platen, with pressure, forces the color into the cover, melts the adhesive between the color and the cover, and causes the foil to adhere to the cover. Later the title label is created by typing directly on the label or creating the title on a computer and printing the title onto the label by use of a laser printer. The label is transparent plastic weakly bonded to a paper support (which carries it through a printer or typewriter). Once printed, the label is stripped from the paper support and laid over the colored panel and bonded by means of the adhesive on the backside of the label (which had previously held the label to the support paper). In Figures 10 - 13B, an alternative auto-adjust demand binding apparatus 200 is disclosed that comprises a base plate 201 on which is mounted a stationary jaw 205 and movable jaws 210 and 211. With reference to Figure 10, handle 203 which pivots about shaft 204 is in its up or non-binding position. Movable jaws 210 and 211 are slidably mounted on guide rods 215 and held together by springs 207. Belleville (trade mark) compression springs 218 are supported on drive rods 219 that extend through support block 217. As viewed in Figures 12 and 13A, a one-way belt locking friction clamp assembly 220 is used to permit the jaws to move forward during the first portion of the stroke of handle 203, to lock during force application and then move back freely at the return stroke of the handle. The back end of each clamp bar 224/226 is fitted into a pivot rod 228/227 in order to distribute the load over a larger area. A single piece of spring steel wire 225 is used to provide the preload to keep both clamp bars in contact with the drive rods. Overtravel capability is provided by the springs 218 on the drive rods 219. The springs are preloaded to the force necessary to bind pages 28 into bookcase 20. Up to that preload, the drive rods are immobile. When the preload is exceeded, the overtravel springs 218 compress and allow the drive rods to move backward under the load, avoiding overstressing the bind or the binding apparatus. Handle 203 rests against and actuates clamp release levers 221 and 222 in its non-binding position and includes a clinch cam 202 positioned adjacent cam follower 206. Friction (or alternatively a detent) is used at the handle pivot point to assure that the assembly of clamp bars, handle, jaws 210 and 211 and clamp assembly 220 moves forward before the clinching stroke begins. Thus, in operation, a bookcase with the properly selected size of channel member is placed between guides 216 and onto the bed surface of jaw 210. Pages 28 of a book to be bound are placed within the bookcase 20 and handle 203 is moved toward the operator through the first portion of the handle travel. This moves rear clinching jaw 211 as well as front clinching jaw 210 forward in unison until front clinching jaw 210 contacts the bookcase. This compensates for the various spine channel widths that are available. The next portion of handle motion brings the jaws 210 and 205 together with enough force to clinch the channel member onto the pages of the book. The remaining travel of the handle compensates for various book thicknesses. This travel is taken up by overtravel springs 218 if not needed for the clinching operation. When the handle is returned to its starting position, it releases the friction clamp assembly 220 and the jaws move apart to their maximum opening to permit easy insertion of the next book, whatever its thickness. In Figures 14 - 16, another embodiment 300 of the present invention is shown that is similar in construction and operation to the device of Figures 10 - 13B except that it is based on a force limiting hydraulic cylinder 400 having a release rod 413 used to unlock the cylinder during the adjustment and reset portions of the binding cycle. Binding apparatus 300 is supported on a base plate 201 which serves as a broad base to support the handle forces exerted by the operator. Fixed jaw 205 and cylinder mount plate 330 are attached to the base plate, but the majority of the binding forces are carried by a steel tension band 410 which surrounds the binding apparatus, rather than the base plate. This permits a sheet metal base plate to be used, if desired. The tension band is attached at its ends to the fixed jaw. It fits in locating notches in a cylinder end plate and in the cylinder mount plate. Wide slots 332 in the sides of the band provide clearance for a cam assembly that includes detent cam 340, cam follower 341, and handle arm portion 347 that fits into handle 303. Band 410 also supports stops 349 that limit the downward motion of handle 303. The handle mounts to the handle arm portion 347 of the cam assembly and is outside the band. The cylinder is supported by the band at the rear end and by a recess in the cylinder mount plate at the front. Force limiting hydraulic cylinder 400 has a hollow piston rod 412 that threads into pivot block 350 to transmit the binding force. The release rod 413 extends through a clearance hole in the pivot block and threads into the moving jaw 210. The moving jaw 210 is fixed to the two guides rods 215. The guide rods slide in bearings in the cylinder mount plate 330 and the fixed jaw 205. The moving jaw 210 slides on the guide rods when moved away from the pivot block 350 by the action of the cam 340 against the cam follower 341 which is attached to the moving jaw. The cam and cam follower are held in contact by the detent springs 320 which constantly pulls the moving jaw toward the pivot block. Cam 340, cam shaft 345, and handle arm portion 347 comprise a welded assembly which pivots in bearings in the pivot block. When the binding apparatus 300 is operated, a bookcase with the properly selected size of channel member is placed between guides 216 and onto the bed surface 335 of jaw 210. Pages of a book to be bound are placed within the bookcase and handle 303 is moved forward and down toward the operator. During the forward portion of the stroke, the moving jaw is not in contact with the bookcase, so the entire moving jaw-pivot block assembly moves to the left. The handle is prevented from pivoting forward by the action of the detent springs and a detent pocket in the cam surface. Once the moving jaw reaches the bookcase and is no longer free to move to the left, the continued motion of the handle forces the cam out of the detent position. The moving jaw then moves away from the pivot block under the influence of the cam. As soon as the pivot block and moving jaw separate, the release rod 413 is pulled out of the force limiting piston enough to allow the internal check valve 460 to close. This prevents the flow of oil from chamber "A" to chamber "B" of the force limiting cylinder, preventing motion of piston 461, and locks the cylinder rod in place. As the handle continues its arc downward, the cam exerts force on the follower and moving jaw sufficient to complete the bind. When the bind is complete the jaws are pressing against a solid stack of paper and metal. The forces rise rapidly, increasing the pressure in chamber "A". When the pressure exceeds the setting of the pressure relief valve 462 in the force limiting cylinder, the valve opens, allowing the piston rod and pivot block to move to the right, absorbing the remaining overtravel stroke of the cam as the handle is depressed to its end stop. As the handle is returned to the detent position of Figure 14, the cams allow the detent springs to move the pivot block and moving jaw back together. The release rod is pressed, and the check valve is opened, releasing the piston motion. The pivot block and moving jaw are then free to return to the "jaw fully open" position. The binding apparatus is then ready for the next book. It should now be understood that a cost effective method for binding either hard covers or soft covers to either bound or unbound pages of a book is disclosed in which the bound or unbound book is captured with a metal U-shaped channel member which is in turn bonded to the inside spine of the hard or soft covers. Sheets of heavier stock are adhered to both inside hard or soft covers with pressure sensitive tape. Provisions for affixing attractive titles to the front cover and to the spine are also included.

Claims: An apparatus for binding pages (28) of an uncased book into a case (20), wherein the case includes a spine portion (23) comprising a deformable U-shaped channel member (30), or for binding pages (45) of a book into a deformable U-shaped channel member (30) used alone, the longitudinal edges of the side walls of the channel member being free of transverse, inwardly-directed projections; the apparatus comprising: first and second jaws (110, 115 or 205, 210); a bed (122 or 335) on which is rested the spine portion of the case or of said channel member used alone; and means (105, 130 or 203, 206 or 303, 341) for moving at least one of said jaws towards the other jaw in order to crimp the walls of the channel member (30) and thereby deform the walls of the channel member (30) permanently such that they converge towards one another in a direction away from the spine portion of the case or of the channel member so as to secure the case (20) or the channel member to pages (28 or 45) within the case or the channel member, the channel member remaining open ended throughout a binding operation. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for moving at least one of the jaws comprises a pivotally mounted (109, 204), manually operable, handle (105 or 203 or 303) which is arranged to move one, movable, jaw (115 or 210) towards the other jaw (110 or 205) which is fixed. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said movable jaw includes a first portion (210) and second portion (211), and wherein initial movement of said handle (203) causes both said first and second portions of said movable jaw to move in unison and wherein continued movement of said handle causes only said first portion (210) of said movable jaw to continue moving toward said stationary jaw (205). The apparatus of claim 3, including means for automatic case size adjustment of said jaws during the binding stroke of said handle, including a self-locking friction clamp (220). The apparatus of claim 2, including hydraulic cylinder means (400) for controlling the movement of said handle (303). The apparatus of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said bed (122) includes an elastomeric material. A method of binding unbound or previously bound pages (28) to a case, comprising the steps of: providing a case (20) that includes a spine portion (23) comprising a deformable U-shaped channel member (30) with front and back covers (22, 24) attached thereto, the longitudinal edges of the side walls of the channel member being free of transverse, inwardly-directed projections, and the channel member being open ended; inserting either unbound or bound pages into the channel member; and crimping the walls of the channel member to deform them permanently such that they converge towards one another in a direction away from the spine portion to thereby grip the pages to form a bound book, the channel member remaining open ended after crimping. The method of claim 7 wherein said channel member (30) is a metallic member. A case (20) for binding the pages (28) of a book thereto, comprising: front and back covers (22, 24); a spine portion (23) between said front and back covers; and a deformable U-shaped channel member (30) attached to said spine portion for receiving the pages, the longitudinal edges of the side walls of the channel member being free of transverse, inwardly-directed projections, and the channel member being open ended; whereby once the pages are inserted into the channel member, the channel member is crimpable through the outside of the case adjacent the spine portion to deform the side walls permanently such that they converge towards one another in a direction away from the spine portion to thereby secure the pages to the case, the channel member remaining open ended after crimping. A case for binding the pages of a book in accordance with claim 9, including a covering material (21) surrounding at least part of said front and back covers and including said spine portion (23). A method for making a case (20) in accordance with claim 9 or claim 10 comprising providing the front and back covers (22, 24) with the spine portion (23) therebetween, providing the deformable U-shaped channel member (30), and attaching the channel member (30) to the spine portion (23).

Inventors: CARTER DANIEL L, GARDNER JOHN F, LIPANI ANTHONY F, ZOLTNER JOHN D, CARTER, DANIEL L., GARDNER, JOHN F., LIPANI, ANTHONY F, ZOLTNER, JOHN D.
Applicants: XEROX CORP, XEROX CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B42C11
IPC codes: B42C11