Pneumatic tire with higher drainage performance

Abstract: In a pneumatic tire having a unidirectional tread pattern formed with plural circumferential grooves and plural transverse grooves (2) arranged so as to intersect the circumferential grooves at an acute inclination angle into a herringbone pattern along a tire rotative direction, the circumferential grooves are formed in such a way that bottoms (BE₁, BE₀) of the circumferential grooves are offset axially outwardly from the groove center along the tire reverse rotative direction and axially inwardly along the tire rotative direction, between two circumferential groove ends (E₀, E₁) intersected by two adjacent transverse grooves. Therefore, water on the tire tread can be drained not only in the tire circumferential direction but also in the tire transverse direction, effectively.

Description: The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire with improved drainage performance, and more specifically to a pneumatic, tire formed with a unidirectional tread pattern having improved drainage performance and therefore effective in high speed vehicle travelling, in particular. Drainage performance is one of important performances required for high speed pneumatic tires. To improve the drainage performance, conventionally a specific unidirectional tread pattern has been adopted for the pneumatic tire by determining the rotative direction of the tire. Fig. 1 shows an example of a unidirectional herringbone tread pattern used for the high speed pneumatic tires. As shown, the tread T thereof is formed with a central main circumferential groove 1-1, a plurality (four) of parallel circumferential grooves 1-2R, 1-2L, 1-3R, and 1-3L arranged on both sides of the central main groove 1-1 at predetermined intervals, and a number of inclined transverse grooves 2 arranged at regular intervals along the tire circumference so as to intersect the circumferential grooves 1-2R,L and 1-3R,L at an acute inclination angle into a herringbone pattern along the tire rotative direction as shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, when the tire is rotating, the transverse grooves 2 are brought into contact with the ground from the central portion thereof to the tread end portions thereof to effectively drain water on the tire tread along the transverse grooves in the direction opposite to the predetermined tire rotative direction (the tire reverse rotative direction). Further, two middle ribs 3-1R and 3-1L are formed between the central main circumferential groove 1-1 and the two axially inward circumferential grooves 1-2R,1-2L. respectively; two intermediate block rows 3-2R and 3-2L are formed between the two axially inward circumferential grooves 1-2R, 1-2L and the axially outward circumferential grooves 1-3R, 1-3L respectively; and two shoulder block rows 3-3R and 3-3L are formed between the two axially outward circumferential grooves 3-3R, 3-3L and two tread ends eR, eL, respectively. Further, in general, the depths of the circumferential grooves 1-1 to 1-3R, L are deeper than that of the transverse grooves 2. In the prior-art pneumatic tire having a unidirectional herringbone tread pattern as described above, the cross section of each of the circumferential grooves 1 is formed symmetrical with respect to the central line of each circumferential groove. In more detail, as shown in Figs. 2(A) and 2(B), the inclination angle or the downward slope angle α between the normal line of the tire tread surface and the axially outward side wall surface OW of the circumferential groove, for example, is substantially equal to that α between the normal line and the axially inward side wall surface IW along the circumferential groove, and therefore the bottom BE ⊘ of the circumferential groove is located at the center of the circumferential groove at both the circumferentially frontward end E ⊘ and the circumferentially backward ends E₁ (shown in Fig. 1), as depicted in Figs. 2(A) and 2(B). Therefore, water on the tire tread which is in contact with the ground during travelling is guided along the transverse grooves 2 and the circumferential grooves 1-2 and 1-3, and then drained mainly from the circumferential grooves 1-2 and 1-3 in the tire tangential direction. In the prior-art pneumatic tire, however, since water on the tire tread is drained mainly in the tire tangential direction, there exist various problems in that the drainage performance is not high; the travelling resistance increases due to water drained in the tire frontward direction; the rotative resistance decreases due to water drained in the tire backward direction; and therefore the vehicle speed at which hydroplaning phenomenon occurs is reduced. With an increase in vehicle driving power and increased networks of speedways, higher performance vehicles are required more and more, so that there exists a strong demand for pneumatic tires provided with higher drainage performance when the vehicle is running at high speed on a speedway in rainy weather. With these problems in mind, therefore, it is the aim of the present invention to provide a pneumatic tire with improved drainage performance during high speed travelling. To achieve the above-mentioned aim, a pneumatic tire, according to the present invention, has a unidirectional tread pattern formed with a plurality of substantially straight circumferential grooves and a plurality of transverse grooves arranged so as to intersect the said circumferential grooves at an acute inclination angle to form a herringbone pattern along a tire rotative direction, wherein at least one said substantially straight circumferential groove is formed such that a bottom of said circumferential groove is offset axially outwardly from a central line of said circumferential groove along a tire reverse rotative direction, between two circumferential groove ends intersected by two adjacent transverse grooves. Further, it is also preferable that the at least one said substantially straight circumferential groove is formed by further offsetting the bottom of said circumferential groove axially inwardly from the central line of said circumferential groove along the tire rotative direction, between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves. A first downward slope angle α between a normal line of a tread surface and an axially outward side wall surface of the circumferential groove decreases gradually and a second downward slope angle β between the normal line of the tread surface and an axially inward side wall surface of the circumferential groove increases gradually, both in the tire reverse rotative direction, between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves. Further, a difference (α A -α B ) or (β B - β A ) in the first or second slope angle α or β of the axially outward or inward side wall surface of the circumferential groove lies within a range of 5 to 30 degrees. In the pneumatic tire according to the present invention, since the bottom of the circumferential groove is offset axially outwardly from the circumferential groove center along the tire reverse rotative direction, and preferably also axially inwardly from the circumferential groove center along the tire rotative direction, between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves, it is possible to apply an axially outward component of force to the water flowing along the circumferential grooves in the tire reverse rotative direction. Therefore, it is possible to effectively drain water from the tire tread not only in the tire circumferential direction but also in the tire transverse direction. The above-mentioned drainage effect is prominent, in particular when the vehicle is running at high speed in rainy weather. The invention will be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate corresponding elements and in which: Fig. 1 is a development view showing an example of a unidirectional herringbone tread pattern of a prior-art pneumatic tire; Fig. 2(A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 1; Fig. 2(B) is a similar cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing a circumferential groove formed on the tread surface of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention; Fig. 4(A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 3; and Fig. 4(B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 3. The pneumatic tire provided with improved drainage performance according to the present invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. The feature of the present invention is to offset bottoms of substantially straight circumferential grooves axially outwardly along the tire reverse rotative direction, and preferably also axially inwardly along the tire rotative direction, from the groove center so that water on the tire tread is effectively drained not only in the tire circumferential direction but also in the tire transverse direction. The present invention can be applied to any pneumatic tire formed with a unidirectional or herringbore tread pattern, having substantially straight circumferential grooves. An example of these tires has been already explained with reference to Fig. 1, in which the tread T is formed with a central circumferential groove 1-1, four parallel circumferential grooves 1-2R, 1-2L, 1-3R and 1-3L, and a number of inclined transverse grooves 2. Further, two middle ribs 3-1R and 3-1L, two intermediate block rows 3-2R and 3-2L, and two shoulder block rows 3-3R and 3-3L are formed symmetrical with respect to the central circumferential groove 1-1, between two of the circumferential grooves 1 or between the groove 1-3R, L and the tread end e R , e L , respectively. The intersectional angle γ between the circumferential grooves 1-2 and 1-3 and the transverse grooves 2 lies within an acute angular range of 30 to 85 degrees when seen toward the tire rotative direction as shown by an arrow in Fig. 1. Therefore, the tire tread T is brought into contact with the ground from the axially inner end portions of the transverse grooves 2 to the tread end portions of the same transverse grooves 2. Further, the widths and the depths of the transverse grooves 2 are approximately equal to or less than those of the circumferential grooves 1. Further, although the transverse grooves 2 stops in the middle ribs 3-1R and 3-1L respectively, there exists no problem even if the transverse grooves 2 extend into the central main circumferential groove 1-1 so as to form block rows. Further, the structures of carcass, belts, sidewalls, etc. other than the tread are substantially the same as with the conventional tires and therefore. any detailed description of them is believed to be unnecessary. As depicted in Figs. 3 and 4(A) and (B), the bottom BE ⊘ of the substantially straight circumferential groove 1-3L is offset axially inwardly from the groove center at the circumferentially frontward groove end E ⊘ (earlier brought into contact with the ground) (Fig. 4(A)) and the bottom BE₁ of the same groove 1-3L is offset axially outwardly from the groove center at the circumferentially backward groove end E₁ (later brought into contact with the ground) (Fig. 4(B)). Therefore, the inclination angle or the downward slope angle α A between the normal line of the tire tread and the axially outward side wall surface OW of the circumferential groove 1-3L at the circumferentially frontward groove end E ⊘ decreases gradually in the tire reverse rotative direction down to that α B at the circumferentially backward groove end E₁ . In contrast with this, the inclination angle or the downward slope angle β A between the normal line of the tire tread and the axially inward side wall surface IW of the circumferential groove 1-3L at the circumferentially frontward groove end E ⊘ increases gradually in the same tire reverse rotative direction up to that β B at the circumferentially backward groove end E₁. In summary, the angle α A at the groove end E ⊘ is larger than that α B at the groove end E₁ , and the angle β A at the groove end E ⊘ is smaller than that β B at the groove end E₁. The difference in the inclination angle α or β between the two groove ends E ⊘ and E₁ lies within a range of 5 to 30 degrees. It is preferable that the inclination angle α or β decreases or increases gradually in the tire reverse rotative direction between the groove end E ⊘ and the groove end E₁ intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves 2. As described above, since the groove bottom BE ⊘ is offset inwardly at the groove end E ⊘ and the groove bottom BE₁ is offset outwardly at the groove end E₁ , as depicted in Fig. 4(A) and (B), respectively, the actual central line O₁ of the circumferential groove 1-3L is offset axially outwardly from the apparent central line O ⊘ of the same circumferential groove 1-3L, so that water on the tire tread in contact with the ground first flows within the circumferential groove 1-3L along the curved arrows shown in Fig. 3 in the tire axially outward direction, secondly flows along the transverse grooves 2, and lastly is drained from the tread end e L . In other words, it is possible to consider that the circumferential groove 1-3L formed with the offset bottom applies an axially outward component of force to the water flowing along the circumferential groove 1-3L in the tire reverse rotative direction, so that the water on the tire tread is effectively drained not only in the tire circumferential direction but also in the tire transverse direction in order to enhance the drainage effect. Further, in Fig. 4(A), the dot-dashed line indicates the cross section of the circumferential groove 1-3L shown in Fig. 4(B), which is superimposed upon Fig. 4(A). Fig. 4(A) clearly indicates that both the axially outward side wall surface OW and the axially inward side wall surface IW extend gradually in the tire axially outward direction from the groove end E ⊘ (Fig. 4(A)) to the groove end E₁ (Fig. 4(B)) along the tire reverse rotative direction, so that the water flowing along the groove 1-3L in the tire reverse rotative direction is automatically guided in the axially outward direction. Without being limited thereto, however, it is also possible to obtain a similar drainage effect by offsetting only the groove bottom BE₁ axially outwardly at the groove end E₁ as shown in Fig. 4(B), without offsetting the groove bottom BE ⊘ at the groove end E ⊘ as shown in Fig. 2(A). In the above description, the offset circumferential groove bottom is explained only of the left-side outwardly arranged circumferential groove 1-3L. However, the right-side outwardly arranged circumferential groove 1-3R is also formed in the same way in symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the central main circumferential groove 1-1. In addition, it is also preferable to offset the bottoms of the two left- and right-side inwardly arranged circumferential grooves 1-2L and 1-2R in the same way in order to further improve the drainage performance. The drainage performance of the pneumatic tire according to the present invention has been verified by preparing the following test tires. Invention tires Tire structure: The same as conventional tire Tire size: 255/40 ZR 17 Used Rim: 9J-17 Inflation pressure: 2.5 kg/cm² Tread pattern: Same as shown in Fig. 1 Tread width: 200 mm Width of circum. groove 1-1: 5 mm Depth of main circum. groove 1-1: 8.5 mm Width of other circum. groove 1-2 and 1-3: 13 mm Depth of other circum. groove 1-2 and 1-3: 8.8 mm Width of transverse grooves 2: 5 mm Depth of transverse grooves 2: 8 mm Inclination angle α A at end E ⊘ : 15° Inclination angle α B at end E₁: 5° Inclination angle β A at end E ⊘ : 5° Inclination angle β B at end E₁: 15° Comparative tires Inclination angle: α A =α B =β A =β B =10° The same as Invention tires other than the above. Test (Evaluation) method Vehicles on which the above test tires are mounted under a tire load of 450 kg, respectively, were driven straight into a pool with a water depth of 10 mm in order to check vehicle speeds at which hydroplaining phenomenon occurred in dependence upon driver's feeling. The evaluation index of the invention tires is listed in a table below in comparison with the conventional tire with an index of 100. In the above table, the higher index implies the better drainage performance. Further, the above table indicates that the vehicle speed at which hydroplaining phenomenon occurs can be increased by about 20% by use of the invention tires as compared with the conventional tires. As described above, in the pneumatic tire according to the present invention, since the bottoms of the circumferential grooves are offset axially outwardly along the tire reverse rotative direction and axially inwardly along the tire rotative direction, between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves, it is possible to apply an axially outward component of force to the water flowing along the circumferential groove in the tire reverse rotative direction, thus effectively draining the water from the tire tread not only in the tire circumferential direction but also in the tire transverse direction. The above-mentioned drainage performance is effective, in particular when the vehicle is running at high speed in a pool or along a rut on a speedway in rainy weather.

Claims: A pneumatic tire having a unidirectional tread pattern formed with a plurality of substantially straight circumferential grooves and a plurality of transverse grooves (2) arranged so as to intersect the said circumferential grooves at an acute inclination angle to form a herringbone pattern along a tire rotative direction, characterized in that at least one said substantially straight circumferential groove (1-3L) is formed such that a bottom (BE₁) of said circumferential groove is offset axially outwardly from a central line of said circumferential groove along a tire reverse rotative direction, between two circumferential groove ends (E₀, E₁) intersected by two adjacent transverse grooves. A pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the at least one said substantially straight circumferential groove is formed by further offsetting the bottom (BE₀) of said circumferential groove axially inwardly from the central line of said circumferential groove along the tire rotative direction, between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves. A pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a first downward slope angle α between a normal line of a tread surface and an axially outward side wall surface of the circumferential groove decreases gradually and a second downward slope angle β between the normal line of the tread surface and an axially inward side wall surface of the circumferential groove increases gradually, both in the tire reverse rotative direction, between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves. A pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that a difference (α A -α B ) in the first downward slope angle α of the axially outward side wall surface of the circumferential groove between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves lies within a range of 5 to 30 degrees. A pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that a difference (β B -β A ) in the second downward slope angle β of the axially inward side wall surface of the circumferential groove between the two circumferential groove ends intersected by the two adjacent transverse grooves lies within a range of 5 to 30 degrees.

Inventors: KAWABATA MISAO, USHIKUBO HISAO, KAWABATA, MISAO, USHIKUBO, HISAO
Applicants: BRIDGESTONE CORP, BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B60C11
IPC codes: B60C11