Water jet propulsion unit

Abstract: A number of embodiments of watercraft having jet propulsion units contained within a tunnel in the hull and wherein the jet propulsion unit is pivotal about a first transversely extending horizontal pivot axis for bringing the jet propulsion unit through trim adjusted positions to an upward out of the water position. In addition, the jet propulsion unit is rotatable about a horizontal longitudinally extending axis so that its downwardly facing water inlet portion may be rotated upwardly for access through an access opening in the hull for servicing. In one embodiment, the jet propulsion unit is only rotatable about the horizontal longitudinally extending axis. A number of embodiments of rudder assemblies are also depicted supported by the steering nozzle for generating steering effects when the steering nozzle is not generating a significant steering effect and which may be pivoted to an out of the water position for protection when underwater obstacles are struck.

Description: This invention relates to a jet propulsion unit for association with a main hull portion of a watercraft for propelling said watercraft through a body of water, comprising a housing assembly having a generally downwardly facing water inlet portion defining a water inlet opening for drawing water in which the watercraft is operating, an impeller portion contining an impeller for drawing of the water through said inlet portion and a discharge portion for the discharge of water moved by said impeller for propelling the watercraft. The advantages of jet propulsion units for watercraft are well known. Generally, these units permit the operation of the watercraft in shallower water than more conventional propeller driven craft. In addition, the use of jet propulsion units has a number of other advantages in that they provide a neat configuration for the watercraft and storage of the watercraft both in the water and out of the water can be facilitated, as indicated in US-A-3 207 116, DE-A-2 732 671 and FR-A-1 559 977. However, as with conventional watercraft, there are some disadvantages that are existent with jet propelled watercraft. For example, when the watercraft is left in the water for a long period of time and not utilized, encrustation of elements such as barnacles in the running components of the propulsion unit can be a problem. In one form of jet propulsion unit, an outboard motor type of jet propulsion unit is employed that employs rather than a propeller a jet propulsion unit for achieving watercraft propulsion. Of course, this type of propulsion unit can easily be tilted up out of the water as can the associated stern drive jet propulsion units in which the jet propulsion unit is mounted on the stern of a watercraft as with conventional propeller driven inboard/outboard drives. However, the use of such outboard motor type jet propulsion units has the disadvantages common with outboard motors. That is, they provide an unsightly appearance for the watercraft, they raise the center of gravity and tend to concentrate a large portion of the weight at the hull of the watercraft and have other disadvantages. Therefore, it is more desirable if the jet propulsion unit can be mounted in a tunnel formed at the roar of the watercraft hull. This provides not only a neat assembly, but also gives rise to improved construction of the watercraft as a whole by lowering its center of gravity and by moving heavy masses more forward in the hull. When the jet propulsion unit is positioned in or beneath the hull, many of the problems as aforenoted will be encountered. That is, the jet propulsion unit will clearly be underwater at all times even when not in use and encrustation can occur. Furthermore, because of its nature and the fact that the jet propulsion unit permits operating in shallow water, it may at times become clogged with foreign materials such as seaweed, sand or the like. When positioned in the tunnel of the watercraft hull, however, servicing is more difficult. Therefore, it is an objective of this invention to provide an improved jet propulsion unit for a watercraft wherein the jet propulsion unit is positioned within the hull of the watercraft but nevertheless can be drained of water even when the watercraft is in the body of water but when it is not being operated. In order to perform said objective the present invention provides means for rotating said jet propulsion unit about a generally horizontally entending longitudinal axis to rotate said water inlet portion from a downwardly facing position towards an upwardly facing position in which the water inlet opening of said water inlet portion is disposed above the water level. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are laid down in the further subclaims. In the following the present invention is explained in greater detail by means of a preferred embodiment thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a watercraft constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention as floating in the water with portions broken away and shown in section and other portions shown in phantom to show the servicing operation. Figure 2 is a top plan view of the watercraft showing the access compartment in an open position. Figure 3 is a cross sectional view taken through the hull of the watercraft and shows the jet propulsion unit and its driving arrangement. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view, in part similar to Figure 3 taken through the hull of the watercraft and showing the jet propulsion unit in its raised state pivoted about the pivot pin of the universal joint. Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the jet propulsion unit and its mounting arrangement. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to Figure 4, but shoving the jet propulsion unit in a raised-rotated state. Figure 7 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 1. Figure 8 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 6-6 of Figure 1. Figure 9 is a bottom perspective view of the rear portion of the hull with the jet propulsion unit removed. Figure 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the servicing access shown in its open position. Figure 11 is a cross sectional view, in part similar to Figure 3, and shows another embodiment of the invention. Figure 12 is an enlarged side elevational view of the discharge nozzle and steering rudder of this embodiment showing the pivotal movement of the steering rudder when an underwater obstacle is struck. Figure 13 is a rear elevational view of this embodiment. Figure 14 is an exploded perspective view of this embodiment. Figure 15 is a side elevational view, in part similar to Figure 10 showing another embodiment of the invention. Figure 16 is a rear elevational view of this embodiment. Figure 17 is an enlarged exploded perspective view of this embodiment. Figure 18 is a side elevational view, in part similar to Figures 12 and 15, and shows yet another embodiment of the invention. Figure 19 is a rear elevational view of this embodiment. Figure 20 is a side elevational view, in part similar to Figure 1, of a watercraft showing another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view, in part similar to Figures 3 and 9 showing a cross-sectional view taken through the hull of the watercraft and shows the jet propulsion unit and its driving arrangement of the embodiment of Figure 20. Figure 22 is an exploded perspective view, in part similar to Figure 5, of the jet propulsion unit and its mounting arrangement of the embodiment according to Figures 20 and 21. Figure 23 is a bottom perspective view, in parts similar to Figure 7, of the rear end portion of the hull of the embodiment according to Figures 20 to 22. Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view taken transverse to the plane of Figure 21. Figure 25 is an enlarged cross sectional view showing how the jet propulsion unit seals with the adjacent portions of the hull in its normal operating condition. Figure 26 is a perspective view of the seal for this embodiment. Figure 27 is a side elevational view, in part similar to Figure 20, showing another arrangement of the engine compartment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, a watercraft constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention and powered by a jet propulsion unit constructed in accordance with certain features of the invention is identified by the reference numeral 21. It should be understood that the hull and cabin configuration to be described is only one of many with which the invention can be practiced. The watercraft 21 is comprised of a hull assembly that includes a lower or main hull portion 22 closed by a deck 23. The hull portion 22 and deck portion 23 may be conveniently formed from molded fiberglass reinforced resins. Of course, other materials can be utilized as should be readily apparent. The hull and deck 22 and 23 define a forwardly positioned cabin 24 that is accessible through a hatch and hatch closure 25 from an open rider's compartment 26 formed rearwardly thereof. Positioned within the open rider's area 26 are a pair of forwardly disposed seats 27, one of which is designed to accommodate the operator. A steering wheel 28 is positioned forwardly of this one seat for steering of the watercraft, in a manner which will be described. The underside of the hull 22 is formed with a central, rearwardly disposed tunnel portion 29 in which a jet propulsion unit, indicated generally by the reference numeral 31 is positioned in a manner to be described. An engine compartment 32 is positioned forwardly thereof and contains an internal combustion engine 33 for driving the jet propulsion unit 31 in a manner to be described. A pair of rear decks or seats 34 are provide on opposite sides of the tunnel 29 an engine compartment 32. Referring now primarily to Figures 1, 3 and 7, the engine compartment 32 is formed in part by a pair of vertically extending side walls 35 that depend from a decks or seals 34 of the rider's compartment 26. A pair of forwardly disposed embossments 37 are formed therein so as to provide a means of attachment of the forward portion of the engine 33 thereto. The rear end of the engine compartment 33 is defined by a vertically extending bulkhead 38 that separates the engine compartment 32 from the tunnel 29. A bearing plate 39 is affixed thereto that has a forwardly extending portion 41 to which rear engine mounts 42 are affixed for completing the mounting of the engine 33 within the engine compartment 32. The engine compartment is further completed and enclosed by means of a removable engine cover 43 as best shown in Figure 7, which can be conveniently put in place and removed so as to afford access to the engine 33. Referring now in detail primarily to Figures 3 and 5, it will be noted that the jet propulsion unit 31 is comprised primarily of an outer housing 41 which may be of a unitary or fabricated construction. The outer housing 44 defines a water inlet portion 45 that terminates in a downwardly extending water inlet opening 46 that is defined by a peripheral flange 47. In the normal operating condition, the opening 46 and a portion of the inlet 44 is disposed beneath the normal operating water level. Rearwardly of the inlet portion 45, the housing 44 defines an impeller housing portion 48 in which an impeller 49 (Figure 5) is supported for rotation in a suitable manner. The impeller 49 is affixed to an impeller shaft 51 which, in turn, extends forwardly through the water inlet portion 45 and through a cylindrical projection 52 of the housing 44. A pair of water seals 53 are interposed between the impeller shaft 51 and the housing portion 52 so as to prevent leakage. The impeller housing 48 terminates at its rearward end in a convergent section 54 to which a pivotally supported steering discharge nozzle 55 is journaled about a pair of vertically extending pivot pins 56. The steering nozzle 55 is steered from the steering wheel 28 in a mechanism which will be described in more detail by reference to one of the other embodiments. The engine 13 drives an output shaft 57 that extends through a cylindrical flange portion 58 of the plate 39. A further support plate 59 is affixed to the rear side of the bulkhead 38 by threaded fasteners 61 which also serve to affix the plate 39 to the bulkhead 38. This plate also has a cylindrical flange 62 that is telescoped around the flange 58. At its rear end, the engine driven shaft 58 is connected by means of a universal joint, indicated generally by the reference numeral 63 to the impeller shaft 51. A yoke member 64 has a connection to the forward end of the impeller housing portion 52 and has a pair of bifurcated arms 65 that are pivoted to a pair of rearwardly extending arms 66 of the plate 59 by means of pivot pins 67. As a result of this connection, the entire jet propulsion unit 31 may be pivoted about a transverse horizontally extending axis defined by the pivot pin 67 relative to the hull of the watercraft, for a reason which will be described. Said raised pivoted state of the jet propulsion unit 31 is shown in Figure 4 . Even though, in said Figure an upper access opening 89 in the hull portion 76, which is described in greater detail below is not illustrated, for servicing purposes same is advantageously provided as similarly indicated in the preceding Figure 3. However, the present invention also covers embodiments which provide a closed upper hull portion 76 without any access openings 89 simply enabling to leave the water out of the passage 45 or preventing the water from entering into said passage 45. An elastic sealing boot 68 encircles the universal joint 63 and provides a watertight seal in this area. A further flexible sealing boot 69 is provided around jet propulsion unit portion 52 and the yoke 64 so as to provide good watertight construction while permitting relative rotation of the jet propulsion unit 31 about the axis of the impeller shaft 51 in a manner as will be described. The boots 68 and 69, therefore, act together so as to provide a good watertight seal and so as to permit the movements which will be described. In order to position the boots 68, 69 reliably, fastening means 68a, 69a, such as fasteners, are provided either fixedly clamping the respective boot portions to the supporting unit or housing portions enabling a relative rotation in between the surrounded elements by means of the elasticity of the boots, i.e receiving a relative rotation in between one end of the boot and another end by resilient deformation of the boot itself, or connecting the respective boot portion to the rotatable structure loosely only,allowing a relative rotation or displacement in between the pivotable member and its associated boot portion , respectively. As should be readily apparent, the jet propulsion unit 31 provides a good power source for the watercraft and nevertheless provides a very neat and clean appearance. When the watercraft 21 is in its normal operating mode, the water inlet portion 45 and inlet opening 46 of the jet propulsion unit 31 will be submerged at least partially below the normal water level in which the watercraft is operating, which water level is shown in the drawings by the line 71. However, as a result of this submersion, foreign material and encrustation can occur on the jet propulsion unit such as barnacle formation. This is not at all desireable. Therefore, an arrangement is provided for pivoting the jet propulsion unit 31 upwardly about the pivot axis described by the pivot pins 67 during periods of time when the watercraft is not in use. This mechanism includes a plate 72 that is affixed to the rear of the hull 22 beneath the tunnel 29 and rearwardly of the water inlet opening 46 of the jet propulsion unit 31. It should be noted that a seal arrangement 73 is carried by the peripheral flange 47 of the jet propulsion unit housing around the inlet opening 46 for sealing with the hull, the plate 72 and a horizontally extending flange the plate 59 when the unit is in its normal drive position, as shown in the solid line view of Figure 3. This is important for insuring good efficiency or the jet propulsion unit 31. The plate 72 has a pair of upwardly extending arcuate arms 74 that have flanges 75 at their upper end which are secured to the underside of a surface 76 of the hull which defines the tunnel 29. The arms 74 have arcuately shaped slots 77 which extend along a radius defined by the pivot points defined by the pins 67 that pivotally journal the jet propulsion unit 31. A support ring 78 encircles the jet propulsion unit and specifically the impeller housing portion 48 and journals it for rotation about an axis that is coincident with the rotational axis of the impeller shaft 51. The support ring 78 has a bracket portion 79 affixed to its upper end and which receives a pair of pins 81 for slidably supporting the support ring 78 in the slots 77 of the arms 74. In addition, a pair of hydraulic cylinders 82 are pivotally connected at one end to the pins 81 and at their opposite ends, by means of further pins 83 to a pair of lugs 84 formed on the plate 72. When the cylinders 82 are extended or retracted, the jet propulsion unit 31 will be pivoted about the first axis defined by the pins 67 which are aligned with the universal joint 63 between its lower normal position as shown in the solid line figure of Figure 3 to a raised or out of the water storage, service position as shown in the phantom line views of this figure, and in solid line Figure 4. When so raised, the unit opening 46 will be disposed above the water level 71 and hence the jet propulsion unit 31 will be raised out of the water and the problems as aforenoted will not occur. In addition, all water will drain out of the jet propulsion unit 31 and this will provide assurance against any problems. In order to provide further assurance against water damage when the watercraft is not being operated and also so as to afford access for servicing, the jet propulsion unit 31 may be rotated about the aforedescribed pivotal axis defined by the support ring 78. Said raised rotated state of the jet propulsion unit 31 is shown in Figure 6. Again said Figure, corresponding to Figure 4, does not reflect the access opening 89 to be provided. Accordingly, irrespective of the benefits such a service opening may lend and indeed induces, the present invention also covers watercrafts equipped with the jet propulsion unit pivoting and/or rotating mechanisms which do not have such a hull opening 89. In order to rotate the jet propulsion unit 31, an electric or hydraulic motor 85 is supported on the support ring 78 and has a driven gear 86 that is enmeshed with a ring gear 87 formed on the jet propulsion unit 31. When the motor 85 is operated, the entire jet propulsion unit 31 will rotate about the axis of the impeller shaft 51 while the boot 69 torsionally deflects so that the unit 31 may be positioned so that the water inlet portion 45 and inlet opening 46 instead of facing downwardly face upwardly. This will place the inlet opening 45 in such a direction that water cannot inadvertently enter the jet propulsion unit when it has been elevated. This rotation also gives rise to the ability to service the unit by removing foreign particles from the impeller housing through the opening 46. To accomplish this, there is provided an access opening 89 in the hull portion 76 that has an access door 91 for its servicing. The access door 91 has a construction as best shown in Figure 10 and the associated opening 89 is shown for pivotally supporting a closure plate 94 for movement between a closed position as shown in Figure 3 and an open or service position as shown in phantom in Figure 3 and also in solid lines in Figure 8. A turnbuckle type fastener 95 cooperates with the flange 92 for holding the closure plate 94 in its closed position. As may be readily seen in Figure 1, an operator 96 may conveniently open the access door 91 and obtain access to the jet propulsion unit 31 when it has been pivoted about the pivot axis defined by the pivot pins 67 through actuation of the cylinder assemblies 82 by a suitable control and when the motor 85 has been rotated so as to swing the jet propulsion unit 31 to its service position as shown in phantom in Figure 3. The operator may easily reach into the inlet opening 46 and clear any entrapped material from the impeller housing. In addition to permitting the jet propulsion unit 31 to be swung up for servicing as aforedescribed and for protection when not in use, the hydraulic motors 82 may be operated so as to provide trim adjustment for the unit 31. The arms 45 in addition to providing a path of movement for the jet propulsion unit 31 as it pivots about the axis defined by the pivot pins 67, also serve to take side thrusts from the jet propulsion unit during its operation. Thus, the assembly is quite rigid even though the jet propulsion unit 31 may pivot both about a horizontally extending transverse axis and a longitudinally extending horizontal axis. It should be noted that it is desirable to effect pivotal movement about the transverse pivot axis before rotation of the jet propulsion unit 31 about the longitudinal axis is accomplished in order to minimize wear on the seal 73. In the illustrated embodiment, the seal 73 is being described as being carried by the flange 47 of the jet propulsion unit 31. It is to be understood, of course, that the seal can be fixed to the hull of the watercraft rather than the jet propulsion unit. In addition, various other types of seal arrangements can be employed without deviating from the invention. In the embodiment as thus far described, the entire steering effect for the watercraft 21 was accomplished through pivotal movement of the steering nozzle 55 of the jet propulsion unit 31. As has been previously noted, there are times when additional steering effect may be desirable, such as when travelling at low speeds or when coasting. Figures 11 through 14 show another embodiment of the invention which has all of the attributes of the embodiment as thus far described and further includes a steering assist rudder mechanism, indicated generally by the reference numeral 101. Except for this variation, this embodiment is the same as the previously described embodiment. For that reason, components which are the same have been identified by the same reference numerals and will not be described again, except insofar as is necessary to understand the construction and operation of this embodiment. Because of the similarities, further discussion of the jet propulsion unit, its mounting in the hull and its rotary motion and pivotal movement will not be repeated. Figures 12 and 14 show the steering mechanism for the steering nozzle 55. This steering mechanism includes a steering arm 102 that is integrally formed with the steering nozzle portion 55 and which has an eyelet that receives a spherical joint 103 connected to one end of a bowden wire cable 104. The other end of the bowden wire cable 104 is connected to the steering wheel in an appropriate manner. Referring now to the rudder mechanism 101, it will be seen that it has a generally inverted U shape with a pair of steering rudder arms 105 which lie on opposite sides of the steering nozzle 88 and which have a pivotal connection thereto by means of pivot pins 106 that extend outwardly from brackets 107 affixed to opposite sides of the steering nozzle 55 and which are received within openings 108 formed in the arms 105. A pair of tension springs 109 are affixed in openings 111 formed in outwardly extending lugs 112 of the brackets 107. The opposite ends of the springs 109 are received in openings 113 formed in the rudder arms 105. The springs 109 have sufficient tensile force or preload so as to retain the rudder arms 105 in their normal submerged position where they extend beneath the plate 72 as clearly shown in Figure 9. In the event an underwater obstacle is struck the rudder arms 105 may pivot as shown in the phantom line views in Figure 10 about the pivot pins 106 so as to clear the underwater obstacle. Immediately upon clearing of the underwater obstacle, the springs 109 will return the rudder arms 105 to their steering position. It should be noted that the rudder arms 105 are interconnected by a bridge portion 114 that overlies the steering nozzle 55 but which has a recess 115 therein which is sufficiently large so as to permit full tilt up of the rudder assembly 101 so as to avoid damage. It should also be noted that in this embodiment, the tunnel 29 is provided with a raised portion 116 at its rear end so as to clear the rudder assembly 101 when the jet propulsion unit 31 is elevated and rotated to its out of the water service or storage position. Figures 15 through 17 show another embodiment of the invention which is generally the same as the embodiment of Figures 9 through 12 but in which a reverse thrust bucket assembly 151 is also associated with the steering nozzle 55 for generating reverse thrust and for permitting the watercraft to be operated in a reverse direction. In this embodiment, the reverse bucket assembly 151, which may take any known configuration is pivotally supported on the pins 106 and is connected to a bowden wire actuator 152 which extends to the rider's compartment 26 to an appropriate control (not shown) for steering of the watercraft. A spherical joint 153 is connected to the forward end of the bucket 151 for this operation. Because of the incorporation of the reverse thrust bucket 151, a multipart rudder assembly, indicated generally by the reference numeral 154 is provided that is supported outwardly of the bucket assembly 151 on the pivot pins 106. The rudder assembly 154 includes a pair of spaced apart rudders 155 which are, in turn, interconnected by means of a cross piece 156. In this embodiment, the torsional spring 109 is connected to the rudders 155 and to lugs 157 which, unlike the previous embodiment, are formed directly on the bucket assembly 55. Of course, a construction of the type as shown in the previously described embodiment may also be employed in lieu of forming the lug 157 directly on the steering nozzle 55. It should be readily apparent that the reverse bucket assembly 151 may be moved between its positions without interference from the rudder assembly 154 and also that the rudder assembly may operate as in the previously described embodiment. That is, the rudder assembly 154 will normally be maintained in the position shown in the figures and can pivot upwardly when an underwater object is struck by the yielding of the springs 109. The springs 109 will return the rudder assembly 154 to its normal position once the underwater object has been cleared. Yet another embodiment of rudder assembly is shown in Figures 18 and 19. Since this embodiment is quite similar to those previously described, those components which are the same or substantially the same as previously described embodiments have been identified by the same reference numerals as applied in those embodiments. In this embodiment, a bracket assembly 201 is affixed to the underside of the steering nozzle 55 and has a pair of bifurcated arms that receive a pin 202. A single rudder 203 is journaled by the pin 202 between these arms for movement between its normal position as shown in the solid line view and its retracted position as shown in the phantom line view of Figure 16. A torsional spring 204 acts between the rudder 203 and the bracket 201 and normally urges a stop 205 carried by the rudder 203 into engagement with a lug or a portion of the bracket 201 so that the rudder 203 will be held in its normal position during operation except when an underwater obstacle is struck. In all of the embodiments of the invention as thus far described, the jet propulsion unit 31 has been pivotal about both longitudinal and transverse horizontally extending axes. Of course, certain features of the invention may be employed by merely mounting the jet propulsion unit 31 for rotation about the longitudinally extending axis and Figures 20 through 26 show such an embodiment. Because of the similarity of this embodiment to those previously described, components which are the same or substantially the same as previously described embodiments have been identified by the same reference numerals and will be described again only insofar as is necessary to understand the construction and operation of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the support plate 39 does not directly support the engine 33 but rather the engine 33 is supported solely from the underside of the hull through four mounts 37. In addition, a flange 251 of the support plate 39 extends forwardly from the bulkhead 38 in addition to rearwardly. In this embodiment, since the jet propulsion unit 31 is not supported for pivotal movement, the universal joint can be eliminated as can the surrounding protective boot. The boot 69 is, therefore, directly interposed between the flange 62 of the support plate 59 and the portion 52 of the jet propulsion unit 31, and is fastened to said elements by fastening means 69a. The support ring 78 is, in turn, directly supported by a supporting bracket 252 that is affixed to the hull portion 76 by means of fasteners 253. In addition, a cover plate 254 is affixed to the rearward portion of the watercraft to enclose the tunnel 29 rearwardly of the jet propulsion unit inlet flange 47. A seal 255 of the lip type and shown in most detail in Figures 24 through 26 is affixed to the flange 47 and sealingly engages the opening formed in the plate 254 when the jet propulsion unit 31 is in its normal driving condition as shown in the solid line views of the figures. As with the previously described embodiment, the seal may be fixed to the plate 254 rather than to the flange 47. Figure 22 shows an exploded perspective view on the jet propulsion unit 31 whereas Figure 23 is a perspective bottom view of the rear end portion of the hull. Within the hull 21 is formed an engine compartment 32 for accommodating the engine 33 behind which is disposed the jet propulsion unit 31 with a partition wall 38 in between. The engine 33 is, as previously mentioned, supported by mounting blocks 37. The drive shaft 57 of the engine 33 is connected, through a coupling with the front end of the impeller shaft 51 extending further through the partition wall 38. At the penetrating portion of the partition wall 38 is formed a coupling portion comprising a mount member 39 fastened on the front side of the partition wall 38 through walls 61, a mount member 59 is fastened on the rear side of the partition wall 38 through bolts 61 and a torsionally deformable roll boot 69 made of elastic material such as rubber. The mount member 39 has a cylindrical portion 39b formed at the center of its mount plate 39a, and the mount member (59) is composed of a mount plate 65, a cylindrical portion 66 projecting at the center of the mount plate 65 and having a bearing disposed within and a bottom plate 65a extending horizontally under the cylindrical portion 66. The above-mentioned jet propulsion unit 31 has an inlet flange 47, formed at its lower end, a flow passage 45 formed with a water suction port 46 opening at the hull bottom, an impeller 20 fastened on the rear end of the impeller shaft 51 within the passage 46 and a jet nozzle 55 mounted horizontally swingable around vertical shafts 56 at the rear end of this jet propulsion unit 31. Around the inlet flange 47 is mounted a sealing arrangement 73 for filling up the gap in between the flange 47 and the hull bottom plate 38a, enabling the flange 47 as mounted within the sealing strip assembly 47a to move slantly upward. The jet propulsion unit 31 has a shaft support portion 52 through which the impeller shaft 51 penetrates, formed at its front portion integrally with the unit 31, a cylindrical portion 48 formed integrally at the central portion of the jet propulsion unit (31) and a gear 87 formed on the rear periphery of the unit 31. Outside this cylindrical portion 48 is rotatably fitted a cylindrical holder 78 provided with brackets 79 on which a rotating motor 85 is mounted for rotating a pinion 86. The front end of the shaft support portion 52 above is inserted into the cylindrical portion 66 of the mount member 59 and is rotatably supported therein through the bearing. By rotating the impeller within the flow passage 45 to suck in water through the water suction opening 46 and injecting the water through the jet nozzle 55 backward of the stern in a desired direction, the watercraft can be propelled and steered. Over the jet propulsion unit 31 extends an upper wall 76 backward from the partition wall 38. On both sides of the upper wall 76 are formed side walls 22a opposite to each other as the upward extension of the hull member 22 forming a concave surrounded by this upper wall 76 and side walls 22a for accommodating the jet propulsion unit 31. Also the upper wall 76 is provided with a closable check window 91 through which the driver on the watercraft can inspect the jet propulsion unit 31. When the watercraft is stationary for long periods of time or for servicing purposes, the motor 85 is operated so as to rotate the jet propulsion unit 31 about the axis defined by the impeller shaft 51 to the upper or raised position as shown in Figures 18 and 19 through a path as shown in Figure 19. In this way, the inlet opening 46 will be disposed above the water level and water can drain from the unit as aforedescribed. In addition, the inlet opening 46 will be accessible for servicing through the service closure 91 as previously described. Therefore, this construction has many of the advantages of the previously described embodiment but does not provide the pivotal movement about the transverse axis, as already noted. In Figures 20 through 26, the engine 33 is disposed immediately adjacent the tunnel 29. It is, of course, possible to position the engine forwardly in the boat if balance in that location is preferred. Such a different layout is shown in Figure 27. In that case the engine compartment 32 is provided in front of the steering wheel of the watercraft, whereas a shaft compartment 32a is formed behind said steering wheel. Behind this shaft compartment 32a is formed a concave 33a for accommodating the jet propulsion unit 31 similar to that mentioned above, and the shaft 58 of the engine 1 is connected with the impeller shaft 51 through an intermediate shaft 51a. Such a construction has an advantage that, since the engine compartment 32 requiring large space does not overlap with the driver seat formed behind the steering wheel 10a, the freedom of driver seat design is increased. It should be readily apparent from the foregoing description that a number of embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, each of which provides a very good jet propulsion unit for a watercraft, which can be tilted up out of the water when not in use, even though the watercraft is still submerged, so as to avoid encrustation and other deleterious effects. In addition, the jet propulsion unit may be rotated for servicing or cleaning from within the watercraft even though the jet propulsion unit is contained within a tunnel in the hull of the watercraft. Also, a variety of rudder arrangements have been depicted which will permit steering during such times when the jet propulsion unit steering effect is not great and which will nevertheless be freely moveable to a position for protection if an underwater obstacle is struck.

Claims: A jet propulsion unit (31) for association with a main hull portion (22) of a watercraft (21) for propelling said water craft (21) through a body of water, comprising a housing assembly (41) having a generally downwardly facing water inlet portion (45) defining a water inlet opening (46) for drawing water in which the watercraft (21) is operating, an impeller portion (48) containing an impeller (49) for drawing of the water through said inlet portion (45) and a discharge portion for the discharge of water moved by said impeller (49) for propelling the watercraft (21), characterized by means (85,86,78) for rotating said jet propulsion unit (31) about a generally horizontally extending longitudinal axis to rotate said water inlet portion (45) from a downwardly facing position towards an upwardly facing position in which the water inlet opening (46) of said water inlet portion (45) is disposed above the water level. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that , the axis of rotation of the jet propulsion unit (31) is coincident with the axis of rotation of the impeller (49). Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claims 1 or 2, characterized by means for supporting said jet propulsion unit (31) for pivotal movement about a horizontally extending axis transverse to the longitudinal axis. A jet propulsion unit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the means for pivoting the jet propulsion unit (31) about the transverse axis includes a pair of spaced apart guide rails (74) fixed to the main hull portion (22) and having slots (77) which receive pins (81) affixed to the jet propulsion unit (31) and for taking side thrusts on the jet propulsion unit (31) Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claim 4, characterized by hydraulic motor means (82) for pivoting the jet propulsion unit (31) about the transverse pivotal axis and by further motor means (85,86) for rotating the jet propulsion unit about the logitudinally extending axis. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, the jet propulsion unit (31) is positioned within a tunnel (29) formed in the main hull portion (22) of the watercraft (21). Jet propulsion unit as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, the inlet opening (46) is surrounded by an outwardly extending flange (47) with a sealing means (73) being interposed betweeen said flange (47) and a member of the main hull portion (22). Jet propulsion unit as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized by an access opening (91) formed in the main hull portion (22) through which the jet propulsion unit inlet portion (45) is accessible when the jet propulsion unit inlet portion (45) is rotated towards its upwardly facing position. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in in at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the means for supporting said jet propulsion unit (31) for pivotal movement about the transverse axis includes a universal joint (63) disposed at said transverse pivot axis of the jet propulsion unit (31). Jet propulsion unit as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a steering nozzle (55) for discharging water from said impeller portion (48) is provided, said steering nozzle (55) being pivotal relative to said impeller portion (48) about a vertically extending axis for steering of the watercraft (21) and a rudder (155,203) is pivotally connected to the steering nozzle (55) for generating a steering movement when the jet propulsion unit (31) is not delivering sufficient steering force, said rudder (101) being moveable to a retracted position when an underwater obstacle is struck. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, a biasing spring means (109,204) for biasing the rudder (105,203) to an operative position is provided. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claims 10 or 11, characterized in that, a reverse thrust bucket (151) is pivotally supported for movement by the steering nozzle (55) and moveable into a position for generating a reverse driving thrust. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in at least one of the preceeding claims 1 to 12 characterized in that, a bottom plate arrangement (59, 72) of the hull (22) forms an inlet portion defining an opening which is adapted to mate with the water inlet opening (46) of the jet propulsion unit (31) when same is in its normal drive position. Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that , a sealing means (73) is interposed between said inlet portion of the bottom plate arrangement (59, 72) of the hull (22) and the water inlet portion (45) of the jet propulsion unit (31). Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claimed in at least one of the preceeding claims 1 to 14 characterized in that , the means for supporting the jet propulsion unit (31) for pivotal movement about the transverse axis permits the water inlet portion (45) to be raised clear of the water so as to permit all water to drain out of the jet propulsion unit (31). Jet propulsion unit as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that , a pivot axis of the jet propulsion unit (31) is disposed forwardly of the water inlet portion (45).

Inventors: KOBAYASHI NOBORU, KOBAYASHI, NOBORU
Applicants: YAMAHA MOTOR CO LTD, YAMAHA HATSUDOKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1990
Main classification: B63H11
IPC codes: B63H11, B63B17