High surface hardness transparent resin and polymerizable monomer

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high surface hardness transparent resin having excellent scratch resistance, heat resistance and chemical resistance, a glazing material, a protective cover for display devices, an optical lens and a hard coat material comprising the aforesaid resin, and a novel polymerizable monomer which is useful as a raw material of the above-mentioned resin. The monomer is represented by the formula (I) (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having an halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a hetero­ cyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an interger of 1 to 4, when n = 1 X is oxygen or sulfur, when n≧2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur). The aforesaid high surface hardness transparent resin comprises a crosslinked polymer prepared by copolymerizing a monomer (A) represented by the formula (I) and a monomer (B) having, in one molecule, m functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CH₂=CH-C(O)-O-, CH₂=C(CH₃)-C(O)-O- and where (n+m) is an integer of 3 or more.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (i) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transparent resin which has high surface hardness and exhibits excellent scratch resistance, heat resistance and chemical resistance. The invention also relates to a glazing material, a protective cover for display devices, an optical lens and a hard coat material comprising the resin and a novel polymerizable monomer useful as a raw material for the high surface hardness transparent resin. (ii) Description of the Prior Art Methacrylic resin, polycarbonate resin and polystyrene resin exhibit excellent transparency, impact resistance, workability and mass productivity, and therefore have been used as a glazing material such as windowpanes in vehilcles, houses, schools and sports facilities, baseboards of verandas, and balconies, protective covers for display devices such as various dashboards, displays for computers, liquid crystal televisions and front boards of vending machines, optical lenses, illuminator covers, signboards, protective glasses, optical photodisc substrates. Particularly, when the above-mentioned resins are applied as glazing materials, protective covers for display devices and as optical lenses, it is necessary that such resins have high scratch resistance, i.e., high surface hardness, chemical resistance, and heat resistance to achieve good visibility and desired appearance,transparency, optical physical properties, and mechanical strength stiffness. However, the above-mentioned transparent resins are linear polymers, and therefore do not exhibit the requisite surface hardness, chemical resistance and heat resistance. In addition, even if these resins are coated with a hard coat to improve their surface hardness and chemical resistance, sufficient performance cannot always be obtained. For the purpose of solving these problems, a transparent resin has been proposed which comprises a polymer having a crosslinking structure such as diethylene glycol diallylcarbonate resin or a urethane polyacrylate (Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No . 75022/1988). However, the proposed resins are prepared by themutual polymerization of an allyl group, an acrylic group or a methacylic group, polymerization rates of which are on a similar and therefore problems exist such as difficulty of controlling the rate of polymerization run-away reactions and a long period of time is required to obtain a polymer having a good surface state and a low polymerization strain. EP-A-0345748 discloses a monomer having both an isopropenyl-dimethylbenzyl group and an acryloyl or a vinylbenzyl group, and a resin obtained by polymerization of the monomer alone or copolymerization with other monomers. Japanese Patent Laid open Publication No. Sho-63-186722, discloses a resin obtained by copolymerizing a compound which is produced by blocking the isocyanato group of isopropenyl-α-α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing hydroxy group. US-A-4604439 describes a monomer obtained by reacting isopropenyl-α-α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate with a monovalent compound having a zerewitinoff active hydrogen atom and a chemical functionality desirable in polymers and a resin obtained by emulsion copolymerization of said monomer with one ethylenically unsaturated monomer or at least one diene monomer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages of the prior art by providing a high surface hardness transparent resin prepared by combining an isopropenylphenyl group having a low polymerization rate with another polymerizable group having a high polymerization rate, i.e. by copolymerizing a compound having isopropenylphenyl groups in one molecule thereof and another compound having an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group or a vinylphenyl group in which the radical polymerizability is higher than in the isopropenylphenyl group. An object of the present invention is to provide a transparent resin which can be prepared by an easily controlled polymerization reaction and which has a high surface hardness and exhibits excellent chemical resistance and heat resistance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a monomer having a polymerizable group which has a polymerization rate slower than an acrylic group, a methacrylic group and a vinylphenyl group and which exhibits excellent copolymerizability with these groups, and which can be formed into a polymer having a high surface hardness and excellent transparency, heat resistance and chemical resistance properties. Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combination, particularly pointed out in the appended claims. To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, in a first embodiment, the present invention provides a high surface hardness transparent resin comprising a cross-linked polymer prepared by copolymerizing a monomer (A) represented by the formula (I) (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an integer of 2 to 4, when n ≧ 2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur) and a monomer (B) having, in one molecule, m functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CH 2 =CH-C(O)-O-, CH 2 =C(CH 3 )-C(O)-O- and where (n+m) is an integer of 3 or more. In a second embodiment, the present invention provides a high surface hardness transparent resin comprising a cross-linked polymer containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (II) and/or (III) comprising the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) set forth above: (wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, R is an aliphatic residue having or not having a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, R' is hydrogen or methyl, Y is, similar or dissimilar, n is an integer of 2 - 4, and ( n+m ) is an integer of 3 or more). In a third embodiment, the present invention provides a glazing material comprising a high surface hardness transparent resin described in the first embodiment of the invention. In a fourth embodiment the present invention provides a protective cover for display devices comprising the high surface hardness transparent resin described in the first embodiment of the invention. In a fifth embodiment the present invention provides an optical lens comprising the high surface hardness transparent resin described in the first embodiment of the invention. In sixth embodiment the present invention provides a hard coat material comprising the high surface hardness transparent resin described in the first embodiment of the present invention. In a seventh embodiment of the present invention provides a high surface hardness transparent resin comprising a cross-linked polymer prepared by copolymerizing a monomer (A) of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of monomers represented by the formulae (V) and (VI). wherein n is 2, R is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 )i-(i=2-6), -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, -(iso-C 3 H 6 )-O-(iso-C 3 H 6 )-, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof , wherein n is 3, R is selected from the group consisting of and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof and a monomer (B) having, in one molecule, m functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CH 2 =CH- C(O)-O-, CH 2 =C(CH 3 )- C(O)-O- and where the sum of ( n+m ) is an integer of 3 or more. In an eighth embodiment the present invention is directed to a polymerizable monomer represented by the formula (I), especially, the formula (VII) below, wherein n is 2 or 3, R is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 ) i - (i=2-6), -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, -(iso-C 3 H 6 )-O-(iso-C 3 H 6 )-, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, or -CH 2 CH 2 CHCH 2 -, and and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof. The inventors have found that run-away reactions can be easily controlled during polymerization; and polymerization time can be noticeably shortened. In addition, it has also been found that the resin of the present invention has a high surface hardness, i.e., scratch resistance, heat resistance and chemical resistance, and therefore plate materials comprising this resin are useful as glazing materials such as windowpanes in vehicles houses, schools and sports facilites, baseboards of verandas, and balconies, protective covers for display devices such as various dashboards, displays for computers, liquid crystal televisions and front boards of vending machines, and optical lenses. Furthermore, it has been found that the resin of the present invention is also useful as a coating film, i.e., hard coat material, because when the resin is applied onto a resin, a metal or a lumber material and then polymerized, the obtained hard coat has excellent scratch resistance and chemical resistance. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention. Exemplary suitable monomers (A) represented by the following formula (I) of the present invention (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an integer of 2 to 4, when n ≧ 2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur) include a carbamic acid ester or a thiocarbamic acid ester obtained by reacting isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate with a compound having from 2 to 4 OH groups or SH groups and an aliphatic residue which may or may not contain a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue or a heterocyclic residue, i.e., reacting the isocyanate group of isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate with the OH group or SH group. Here, compounds of the formula (I) where when n is 2 or more, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, or when one or two X's are oxygen and the other X being sulfur, or one X is sulfur and the other X being oxygen, can be included. Usually, the lower the molecular weight of the residue R, the better, depending upon the steric firmness of its structure. Preferably, the molecular weight of the residue R is from 28 to 500. Exemplary suitable compounds having from 2 to 4 OH groups or SH groups and an aliphatic residue which may or may not have a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue or a heterocyclic residue which are used in preparing the monomer (A) by the above-mentioned method include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, spiro glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane-4,8-dimethanol, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol, 2,3-dibromo-1,4-butanediol, dibromoneopentyl glycol, bisphenol A (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, bisphenol F (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, bisphenol S (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, biphenol (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, tetrabromobisphenol A (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, benzenedimethanol, ethanedithiol, propanedithiol, butanedithiol, pentanedithiol, hexanedithiol, propanetrithiol, cyclohexanedithiol, ethylene glycol bis(2-mercaptoacetate), ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptopropionate), bis(mercaptomethyl)benzene, 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide, 2-mercaptoethanol, 1-mercapto-2-propanol, glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanuric acid, pentaerythritol, threitol, 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercapto acetate) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercapto propionate). The carbamic acid ester or thiocarbamic acid ester can be produced from the above-mentioned compounds by the reaction between the isocyanate group of isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and the OH group or the SH group. At this time, a tin compound such as dibutyltin dilaurate, and dimethyltin dichloride or an amine such as morpholine, and dimethylaminobenzene may be added thereto as a catalyst to accelerate the synthetic reaction. Preferably, a tin compound is added to prevent coloring in a subsequent radical reaction. When a solvent is used, the solvent should be distilled off after completion of the synthetic reaction. If necessary, pruification may be further carried out, and the thus obtained product may be used as the monomer (A) in the subsequent radical polymerization. Exemplary suitable monomers (A) for use in the invention include compounds represented by the formulae (V) and (VI) : wherein n is 2, R is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 )i - wherein i=2-6, wherein i=1 or 2, wherein i=0 or 2, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, -(iso-C 3 H 6 )-O-(iso-C 3 H 6 )-, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof . wherein n is 3, R is selected from the group consisting of and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof. Further examples of the monomer (A) are: (wherein n=4, R is the substituents on the aromatic ring are at m- or p-position), (wherein n=2, R is -(CH 2 )i - (i=2-6), the substituents on the aromatic ring are at m- or p-position), and (wherein R 2 is H or -CH 3 , the substituents on the aromatic ring are at m- or p-position). The monomer B having m functional groups of one kind selected from the group consisting of in the present invention is an ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or a derivative of styrene. Exemplary suitable monomers (B) in which m is 1 for use in the invention include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, benzyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol monoacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol monometharylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, chloromethylstyrene and methoxystyrene. Exemplary suitable monomer (B) in which m is 2 or more include ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2,2-bis(4-acryloxyethoxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-methacryloxyethoxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-acryloxydiethoxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-methacryloxydiethoxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-acryloxypropyloxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-methacryloxypropyloxyphenyl) propane, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate diacrylate, spiroglycol diacrylate, spiroglycol dimethacrylate, epoxy acrylate, epoxy methacrylate, 2-propenoic acid [2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxane-5-yl]methyl ester, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, bis(acryloyloxyethyl)hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, bis(methacryloyloxyethyl)hyroxyethyl isocyanurate, tris(acryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, tris(methacryloyloxyethyl) isocyanurate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, methyltri(acryloyloxyethoxy)silane, glycerol diacrylate, glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol methacrylate acrylate, dibromoneopentyl glycol diacrylate, dibromoneopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, divinylbenzene, urethane acrylates, urethane methacrylates, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexa(acryloyloxy)cyclotriphosphazene, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexa(methacryloyloxy)cyclotriphosphazene, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexa(acryloylethylenedioxy)cyclotriphasphozene and 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexa(methacryloylethylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene. In the present invention, the transparent resin having a high surface hardness can be prepared by copolymerizing a monomer (A) represented by the formula (I) (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an integer of 2 to 4, when n ≧ 2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur) and a monomer (B) having, in one molecule, m functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CH 2 =CH-C(O)-O-, CH 2 =C(CH 3 )-C(O)-O- and in such a ratio that (n+m) is an integer of 3 or more. For the purpose of adjusting viscosity, a monomer having an isopropenylphenyl group other than the above-mentioned monomer (A) may be additionally used. Exemplary suitable additional monomers include diisopropenylbenzene, N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2-acryloyloxy carbamate and N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethlbenzyl)-2-methacryloyloxy carbamate. In this copolymerization, the ratio of the isopropenyl group to in the above-mentioned monomers depends on the type of functional groups in the monomers and the structures of the monomers, Preferably the copolymerization is carried out in a ratio of the isopropenylphenyl group: the total of of 1 equitalent: 0.5 - 10 equivalents. The copolymerization in the present invention is a radical copolymerization and can be accomplished by heat polymerization or by a means using ultraviolet rays, γ rays, or a combination thereof. When the heat polymerization is carried out, the radical polymerization initiator is not limited to any particular one, but a known radical polymerization initiator can optionally be used. Exemplary suitable initiators include peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxy carbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl peroxy carbonate and carbonate and t-butylperoxy pivalate and an azo compound such as azobisisobutyronitrile. This intiator preferably used in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 % by weight. When the ultraviolet rays are utilized, the optical sensitizer is not particulary limited, but a known optical sensitizer can optionally be used. Exemplary suitable sensitizers include benzoyl compounds, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin propyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, 2-hydroxy-2-benzoylpropane, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzil, thioxanthone and diphenyl disulfide. This sensitizer is preferably used in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 % by weight. When a radiation such as γ ray and the like is utilized, the polymerization initiator and the like are not always necessary. In the present invention, the process for preparing plates or lenses of the surface hardness, transparent resin is not particularly limited. Known process can be used. A typical process is a casting polymerization process. For example, a mixture of the above-mentioned monomers is mixed with a radical polymerization initiator or an optical sensitizer sufficiently, followed by defoaming. Afterward, the mixture is poured into a glass or metallic mold with which a gasket or a spacer is combined, and is then cured by heating or the irradiation of ultraviolet rays or radiation. Additives may be added to the mixture prior to polymerization. Exemplary suitable additives include ultraviolet absorbents, oxidation inhibitors, dyes, near infrared absorbents, release agents and antistatic agents. These additives should be used in amounts such that they do not prevent polymerization and curing. When the high surface hardness transparent resin is used for the preparation of coating films, a known coating film manufacturing process may be employed. For example, a radical polymerization initiator or an optical sensitizer is added to a mixture of the above-mentioned monomers, and if necessary, the mixture is diluted with a solvent. Afterward, a substarate made of a resin, a metal, or a lumber material is coated with the mixture by roll coating, spray coating, flow coating, or dipping. When the solvent is used, it is volatilized, and curing is then carried out by heating or by the irradiation of ultraviolet rays or radiation. In this case, additives, or a filler can be added to the mixture prior to the polymerization. Exemplary suitable additives include an ultraviolet absorbents, oxidation inhibitors, dyes, pigments, near infraed absorbents, antistatic agents and fine inorganic compound grains. These additives should be used in amount such that they do not prevent the polymerization and curing. The thus obtained high surface hardness transparent resin plate can be used as a glazing material and a protective cover for display devices and has high scratch resistance, chemical resistance, heat resistance and excellent workability. In addition, when polymerization is carried out in a mold for lenses, or when the resin is processed by cutting and polishing, optical lenses having the same characteristics as in the above case can be obtained. Morever, the high-hardness transparent resin can be used as a coating material, i.e., a hard coat material that exhibits excellent scratch resistance, and chemical resistance on another resin, a metal, or a lumber material. The novel polymerizable monomer of the present invention is the above-mentioned monomer (A). Exemplary suitable polymerizable monomers include 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane, 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α-α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane, 1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,3,-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-4-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,5-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane, 1,5-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-5-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane, 1,6-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 1,6-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-6-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α-α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2,5-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 2,5-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-5-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, bis[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl] ether, bis[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl] ether, [2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl]-[2′-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl] ether, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2,2-dimethyl-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-methyl-1,5-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl) carbamoyloxy]pentane, 3-methyl-1,5-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane, 3-methyl-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-5-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane, bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)isopropyl] ether, bis[(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)isopropyl] ether, [(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)isopropyl][(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)isopropyl] ether, bis[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethoxy]ethane, bis[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethoxy]ethane, [2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethoxy]-[2′-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethoxy]ethane, 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2-ethyl-1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 2-ethyl-1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 2-ethyl-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 2-ethyl-1-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane, 3,9-bis[1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, 3,9-bis[1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, 3-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl]-9-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, 1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]cyclohexane, 1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]cyclohexane, 1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-4-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]cyclohexane, 4,8-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane, 4,8-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane, 4-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-8-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane, 3-chloro-1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-chloro-1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-chloro-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-chloro-1-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-bromo-1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-bromo-1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-bromo-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 3-bromo-1-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2,3-dibromo-1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2,3-dibromo-1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2,3-dibromo-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-4-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 2,2-dibromomethyl-1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2,2-dibromomethyl-1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2,2-dibromomethyl-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,2,3-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl) carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-3-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,2,3-tris[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,1,1-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]ethane, 1,1-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]ethane, 1,1-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]ethane, 1,1,1-tris([N-4-ispropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]ethane, 2-ethyl-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1,3-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2-ethyl-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1,3-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2-ethyl-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1,3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 2-ethyl-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1,3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane, 1,2,4-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-4-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-4-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,2,4-tris[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane, 1,3,5-tris[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)] isocyanurate, 1,3-bis[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)]-5-[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)] isocyanurate, 1,3-bis[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)]-5-[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)]isocyanurate and 1,3,5-tris[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl)] isocyanurate. The above-mentioned polymerizable monomer of the present invention can be prepared by the following procedure: A diol or a triol is allowed to react with 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, 4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate or a mixture thereof in the absence or in the presence of a solvent and in the absence or in the presence of a catalyst at a suitable temperature. Exemplary suitable diols include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 3,9-bis(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane-4,8-dimethanol, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol, 2,3-dibromo-1,4-butanediol and dibromoneopentyl glycol. Exemplary suitable triols include triglycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanetriol and 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanuric acid. In this reaction, the amount of the 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, 4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate or a mixture thereof is preferably from 0.8 to 1.1 equivalents, more preferably 0.95 to 1.05 equivalents per equivalent of the hydroxyl group in the diol or the triol. Furthermore, examples of the suitable solvent include hexane, chloroform, benzene, toluene and xylene which are not reactive with the raw materials. The above-mentioned suitable catalyst is a catalyst to accelerate a urethane formation reaction such as dibutyltin dilaurate. The catalyst is preferably employed in an amount of from 0.01 to 5 % by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 3 % by weight based on the weight of the isocyanate. The suitable reaction temperature is preferably from about 30 to 200°C, more preferably from 50 to 150°C. After completion of the reaction, the resulting reaction solution is then purified by column chromatography or another means, thereby obtaining the desired polymerizable monomer of the present invention. The resin of the present invention has a high surface hardness and is excellent in transparency, chemical resistance and heat resistance. In addition, it is also excellent in workablity such as cutting owing to the high surface hardness. Moreover, in the preparation of the resin of the present invention, polymerization control in the polymerization step is very easy, and therefore any peeling, whiting and cracking do not occur in the molding polymerization. The resin of the present invention exhibits very good moldability and therefore accurate molding is possible. Thus, the resin of the present invention can be suitably used as a glazing material, a protective cover for display devices, an optical lens and a hard coat material. Furthermore, when the novel polymerizable monomer of the present invention is copolymerized with a monomer having a polymerizable group in which the polymarization rate is high, for example, an acrylic group, a methacrylic group or a vinylphenyl group, a transparent resin can be obtained which has a high surface hardness and which is excellent in heat resistance and workablity such as cutting. Additionally, in the polymerization step, polymerization control is very easy. Therefore, the monomer of the present invention is useful as the raw material of the above-mentioned high-hardness transparent resin. The present invention will be further clarified by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention. EXAMPLES In the following examples, part and parts are by weight, unless otherwise specified. Example 1 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of toluene, 40.3 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were mixed. The solution was then stirred for 1 hour, while the temperature of the solution was maintained at 80°C, to carry out the reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated. The resulting concentrate was then purified by chromatography, thereby obtaining 40.0 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane in the form of colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 28 H 36 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.13 7.59 6.21 Calcd. (%) 72.39 7.81 6.03 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 2 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of toluene, 40.3 parts of 4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were mixed. The mixed solution was then stirred for 1 hour, while the temperature of the solution was maintained at 80°C, to carry out the the reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated. The concentrated solution was then purified by chromatography, thereby obtaining 41.2 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 28 H 36 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.59 7.92 6.18 Calcd. (%) 72.39 7.81 6.03 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 7.6 parts of 1,3-propanediol, thereby obtaining 42.5 parts of 1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 38 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.71 7.81 5.69 Calcd. (%) 72.77 8.00 5.85 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 4 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 7.6 parts of 1,3-propanediol, thereby obtaining 41.7 parts of 1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 38 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.98 8.13 5.53 Calcd. (%) 72.77 8.00 5.85 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 5 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 1,4-butanediol, thereby obtaining 44.4 parts of 1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.88 8.23 5.47 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 6 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 1,4-butanediol, thereby obtaining 43.9 parts of 1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.29 7.96 5.73 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 7 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 10.4 parts of 1,5-pentanediol , thereby obtaining 44.6 parts of 1,5-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 31 H 42 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.53 8.47 5.36 Calcd. (%) 73.49 8.35 5.53 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 8 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 10.4 parts of 1,5-p entanediol, thereby obtaining 43.6 parts of 1,5-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 31 H 42 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.88 8.19 5.74 Calcd. (%) 73.49 8.35 5.53 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 9 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.8 parts of 1,6-hexanediol, thereby obtaining 48.5 parts of 1,6-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.98 8.43 5.51 Calcd. (%) 73.81 8.52 5.38 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 10 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.8 parts of 1,6-hexanediol, thereby obtaining 47.7 parts of 1,6-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.97 8.61 5.14 Calcd. (%) 73.81 8.52 5.38 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 11 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 7.6 parts of 1,2-propanediol, thereby obtaining 43.1 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 38 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.63 8.15 5.67 Calcd. (%) 72.77 8.00 5.85 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 12 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 7.6 parts of 1,2-propanediol, thereby obtaining 44.8 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 38 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.69 8.15 5.72 Calcd. (%) 72.77 8.00 5.85 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 13 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 1,3-butanediol, thereby obtaining 45.2 parts of 1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.98 7.87 5.81 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 14 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 1,3-butanediol, thereby obtaining 46.7 parts of 1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.37 8.03 5.86 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 15 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 2,3-butanediol, thereby obtaining 44.8 parts of 2,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.01 8.29 5.42 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 16 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 2,3-butanediol, thereby obtaining 42.9 parts of 2,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.44 8.09 5.47 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 17 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.8 parts of 2,5-hexanediol, thereby obtaining 49.1 parts of 2,5-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.98 8.36 5.14 Calcd. (%) 73.81 8.52 5.38 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 18 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.8 parts of 2,5-hexanediol, thereby obtaining 47.9 parts of 2,5-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 74.03 8.77 5.28 Calcd. (%) 73.81 8.52 5.38 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 19 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 10.6 parts of diethylene glycol, thereby obtaining 47.4 parts of bis[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl] ether in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 5 ) C H N Found (%) 70.66 7.72 5.68 Calcd. (%) 70.84 7.93 5.51 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 20 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 10.6 parts of diethylene glycol, thereby obtaining 47.6 parts of bis[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl] ether in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 5 ) C H N Found (%) 70.79 7.98 5.38 Calcd. (%) 70.84 7.93 5.51 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 21 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 10.4 parts of neopentyl glycol, thereby obtaining 46.9 parts of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 31 H 42 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.38 8.34 5.74 Calcd. (%) 73.49 8.35 5.53 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 22 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 10.4 parts of neopentyl glycol, thereby obtaining 48.1 parts of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 31 H 42 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.18 8.42 5.71 Calcd. (%) 73.49 8.35 5.53 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 23 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.8 parts of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, thereby obtaining 47.7 parts of 3-methyl-1,5-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.67 8.74 5.36 Calcd. (%) 73.81 8.52 5.38 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 24 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.8 parts of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, thereby obtaining 46.8 parts of 3-methyl-1,5-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]pentane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.93 8.76 5.24 Calcd. (%) 73.81 8.52 5.38 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 25 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 13.4 parts of dipropylene glycol, thereby obtaining 49.7 parts of bis[(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)isopropyl] ether in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 5 ) C H N Found (%) 71.78 8.14 5.06 Calcd. (%) 71.61 8.26 5.22 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 26 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 13.4 parts of dipropylene glycol, thereby obtaining 50.6 parts of bis[(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)isopropyl] ether in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. (a mixture of isomers). Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 5 ) C H N Found (%) 71.77 8.05 5.38 Calcd. (%) 71.61 8.26 5.22 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 27 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 15.0 parts of triethylene glycol, thereby obtaining 49.5 parts of bis[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethoxy]ethane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 69.62 8.31 4.93 Calcd. (%) 69.54 8.02 5.07 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 28 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 15.0 parts of triethylene glycol, thereby obtaining 51.5 parts of bis[2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethoxy]ethane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 44 N 2 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 69.61 8.29 5.09 Calcd. (%) 69.54 8.02 5.07 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 29 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 1,2-butanediol, thereby obtaining 43.4 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 72.98 8.34 5.47 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 30 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 9.0 parts of 1,2-butanediol, thereby obtaining 46.4 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 40 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 73.18 8.07 5.43 Calcd. (%) 73.14 8.18 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 31 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 14.6 parts of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, thereby obtaining 50.4 parts of 2-ethyl-1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 34 H 48 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 74.56 8.77 5.04 Calcd. (%) 74.42 8.82 5.10 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 32 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 14.6 parts of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, thereby obtaining 51.1 parts of 2-ethyl-1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]hexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 34 H 48 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 74.47 8.73 5.16 Calcd. (%) 74.42 8.82 5.10 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 33 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 30.4 parts of 3,9-bis(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, thereby obtaining 66.7 parts of 3,9-bis[1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 41 H 58 N 2 O 8 ) C H N Found (%) 69.56 8.34 3.72 Calcd. (%) 69.66 8.27 3.96 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 34 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 30.4 parts of 3,9-bis(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane, thereby obtaining 63.4 parts of 3,9-bis[1,1-dimethyl-2-(N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 41 H 58 N 2 O 8 ) C H N Found (%) 69.73 8.48 3.75 Calcd. (%) 69.66 8.27 3.96 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 35 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.6 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanediol, thereby obtaining 48.2 parts of 1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]cyclohexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 42 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 74.23 8.05 5.62 Calcd. (%) 74.10 8.16 5.40 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 36 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.6 parts of 1,4-cyclohexanediol, thereby obtaining 46.7 parts of 1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]cyclohexane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 32 H 42 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 74.35 8.32 5.29 Calcd. (%) 74.10 8.16 5.40 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 37 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 19.6 parts of tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane-4,8-dimethanol, thereby obtaining 55.9 parts of 4,8-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 38 H 50 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 76.27 8.69 4.55 Calcd. (%) 76.22 8.42 4.68 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 38 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 19.6 parts of tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane-4,8-dimethanol, thereby obtaining 54.8 parts of 4,8-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoylmethyl]tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 38 H 50 N 2 O 4 ) C H N Found (%) 76.19 8.65 4.32 Calcd. (%) 76.22 8.42 4.68 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 39 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.1 parts of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, thereby obtaining 49.2 parts of 3-chloro-1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 37 N 2 O 4 Cl) C H N Cl Found (%) 67.72 7.31 5.35 6.98 Calcd. (%) 67.89 7.27 5.46 6.91 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 40 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 11.1 parts of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, thereby obtaining 49.8 parts of 3-chloro-1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 37 N 2 O 4 Cl) C H N Cl Found (%) 68.04 7.31 5.24 6.83 Calcd. (%) 67.89 7.27 5.46 6.91 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 41 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 15.5 parts of 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol, thereby obtaining 51.4 parts of 3-bromo-1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 37 N 2 O 4 Br) C H N Br Found (%) 62.31 6.49 5.21 14.08 Calcd. (%) 62.48 6.69 5.02 14.33 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 42 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 15.5 parts of 3-bromo-1,2-propanediol, thereby obtaining 52.3 parts of 3-bromo-1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 29 H 37 N 2 O 4 Br) C H N Br Found (%) 62.29 6.81 5.13 14.15 Calcd. (%) 62.48 6.69 5.02 14.33 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 43 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 24.8 parts of 2,3-dibromo-1,4-butanediol, thereby obtaining 59.8 parts of 2,3-dibromo-1,4-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 38 N 2 O 4 Br 2 ) C H N Br Found (%) 55.58 5.93 4.25 24.79 Calcd. (%) 55.40 5.89 4.31 24.57 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 44 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 24.8 parts of 2,3-dibromo-1,4-butanediol, thereby obtaining 57.6 parts of 2,3-dibromo-1,4-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 30 H 38 N 2 O 4 Br 2 ) C H N Br Found (%) 55.28 5.69 4.53 24.72 Calcd. (%) 55.40 5.89 4.31 24.57 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 45 The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 26.2 parts of 2,2'-dibromomethyl-1,3-propandiol thereby obtaining 62.1 parts of 2,2-dibromomethyl-1,3-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 31 H 40 N 2 O 4 Br 2 ) C H N Br Found (%) 55.93 6.14 4.18 24.00 Calcd. (%) 56.04 6.07 4.22 24.05 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 46 The same procedure as in Example 2 was repeated except that 6.2 parts of ethylene glycol was replaced with 26.2 parts of 2,2'-dibromomethyl-1,3-propandiol thereby obtaining 63.2 parts of 2,2-dibromomethyl-1,3-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 31 H 40 N 2 O 4 Br 2 ) C H N Br Found (%) 56.21 6.03 4.39 24.32 Calcd. (%) 56.04 6.07 4.22 24.05 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 47 6.1 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of toluene, 40.3 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were mixed. The solution was then stirred for 1 hour, while the temperature of the solution was maintained at 90°C, to carry out the reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated. The resulting concentrate was then purified by chromatography, thereby obtaining 42.4 parts of 1,2,3-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane. Values of elemental analysis (as C 42 H 53 H 3 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 72.26 7.71 6.09 Calcd. (%) 72.49 7.68 6.04 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 48 6.1 parts of glycerol, 30 parts of toluene, 26.8 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were mixed. The solution was then stirred for 1 hour, while the temperature of the solution was maintained at 60°C. Afterward, 13.4 parts of 4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate was added thereto, and the solution was stirred for 1 hour, maintaining the temperature of the solution at 80°C, to carry out reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated. The resulting concentrate was then purified by chromatography, thereby obtaining 41.3 parts of 1,3-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl- , - dimethylbenzyl) carbamoyloxy]-2-[N-4-isopropenyl- , - dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 42 H 53 N 3 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 72.31 7.74 6.17 Calcd. (%) 72.49 7.68 6.04 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 49 The same procedure as in Example 47 was repeated except that 6.1 parts of glycerol was replaced with 8.0 parts of trimethylolethane, thereby obtaining 44.5 parts of 1,1,1-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]ethane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 44 H 57 N 3 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 72.87 7.98 5.75 Calcd. (%) 73.00 7.94 5.80 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 50 The same procedure as in Example 47 was repeated except that 6.1 parts of glycerol was replaced with 8.9 parts of trimethylolpropane, thereby obtaining 42.7 parts of 2-ethyl-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1,3-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyl oxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 45 H 59 N 3 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 73.06 8.14 5.65 Calcd. (%) 73.24 8.06 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 51 8.9 parts of trimethylolpropane, 30 parts of toluene, 13.4 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, 26.8 parts of 4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were mixed. The solution was then stirred for 1 hour, while the temperature of the solution was maintained at 80°C, to carry out the reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated. The resulting concentrate was then purified by chromatography, thereby obtaining 43.5 parts of 2-ethyl-2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]-1,3-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 45 H 59 N 3 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 73.17 8.04 5.73 Calcd. (%) 73.24 8.06 5.69 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 52 The same procedure as in Example 47 was repeated except that 6.1 parts of glycerol was replaced with 7.1 parts of 1,2,4-butanetriol, thereby obtaining 41.8 parts of 1,2,4-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]butane in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 43 H 55 N 3 O 6 ) C H N Found (%) 72.81 7.79 5.96 Calcd. (%) 72.75 7.81 5.92 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 53 The same procedure as in Example 47 was repeated except that 6.1 parts of glycerol was replaced with 17.4 parts of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanuric acid. The reaction solution was maintained under toluene reflux, thereby obtaining 49.9 parts of 1,3,5-tris[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl- , -dimethylbenzyl)-carbamoyloxyethyl)] isocyanurate in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 48 H 60 N 6 O 9 ) C H N Found (%) 66.73 6.87 9.81 Calcd. (%) 66.65 6.99 9.72 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) Example 54 17.4 parts of 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)cyanuric acid, 30 parts of toluene, 26.8 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, 13.4 parts of 4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate and 0.2 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were mixed. The solution was then stirred for 1 hour under reflux, to carry out reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was concentrated. The resulting concentrate was then purified by chromatography, thereby obtaining 51.4 parts of 1,3-bis[2-[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl]]-5-[2-[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl]] isocyanurate in the form of a colorless transparent liquid. Values of elemental analysis (as C 48 H 60 N 6 O 9 ) C H N Found (%) 66.58 7.05 9.63 Calcd. (%) 66.65 6.99 9.72 NMR (δ/CDCℓ 3 ) In the following examples, the high surface hardness transparent resin of the present invention will be described in detail. Example 55 17.6 parts of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide were added to 23.2 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane obtained by the same procedure as in Example 1, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The resulting uniformed solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 56 17.6 parts of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide were added to 23.2 parts of 1,2-bis[N-(4-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]ethane obtained by the same procedure as in Example 2, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The resulting uniformed solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates, and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 57 33.4 parts of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide were added to 25.4 parts of bis[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy)ethyl] ether obtained by the same procedure as in Example 19, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The resulting solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 58 20.0 parts of ethyl acrylate and 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide were added to 29.9 parts of 4,8-bis[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]tricyclo[5,2,1,0 2,6 ]decane obtained by the same procedure as in Example 37, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The resulting uniformed solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 59 26.4 parts of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide were added to 31.7 parts of 1,2,3-tris[N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxy]propane obtained by the same procedure as in Example 47, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The resulting uniformed solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 60 42.3 parts of tris(acryloyloxyethyl)isocyanurate and 0.4 part of benzoyl peroxide were added to 43.3 parts of 1,3,5-tris[2-(N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)carbamoyloxyethyl] isocyanurate obtained by the same procedure as in Example 53, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The resulting solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 61 11.5 parts of glycerol and 0.5 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were added to 100.6 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate, and the mixture was then heated with stirring for 1 hour so that an internal temperature might be 80°C. After cooling, 4.0 parts of methanol was added thereto, and heating was then carried out with stirring for 1 hour so that the internal temperature might be 55°C, in order to obtain a mixture of two kinds of urethan compounds. To this mixture, 92.0 parts of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate was added, followed by mixing and defoaming. This solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. Example 62 11.6 parts of ethylene glycol and 0.1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate were added to 75.5 parts of 3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyante, and the mixture was then heated with stirring for 1 hour so that an intenal temperature might be 70°C. Afterward, 41.5 parts of N-(3-isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2-methacryloyloxy carbamate was added thereto. 88.1 parts of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 1.0 part of benzoyl peroxide were added thereto, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp. Polymerization was then effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 150°C over 1.5 hours. After cooling, a transparent resin plate having a smooth surface was released from the mold. For the transparent resin plates obtained in Examples 55 to 63, various physical properties were measured. The results are set forth in Table 1. In measuring these physical properties, the following procedures were employed: (1) Appearance: The appearance of each polymer plate was evaluated by observing the same by the naked eye. The polymer plates which were free from cracks and a rough surface were denoted by "O", and the plates having such disadvantages were denoted by "X". (2) Surface Hardness: This was measured by the use of a pencil scratching test machine for coating films under JIS-K-5401. (3) Heat Resistance: The resin plates were allowed to stand at 120°C for 4 hours in a hot-air drier. Afterward, the resin plates were observed by the naked eye. The plates which were free from coloring and strain on the surfaces thereof were denoted by "O" and the plates having such drawbacks were denoted by "X". (4) Chemical Resistance: The polymer plates were immersed in isopropanol and toluene at room temperature for 24 hours. Afterward, they were scratched with an HB pencil. The plates which were free from any traces were denoted by "O", and the plates having some traces were denoted by "X". (5) Workability: The plates which could be abraded by a lens polisher for spectacle lens processing were denoted by "O", and the plates which could not be done were denoted by "X". Test Item Example 55 Example 56 Example 57 Example 58 Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example 62 Appearance O O O O O O O O Surface Hardness 9H or more 9H or more 4H 4H 9H or more 6H 9H or more 9H or more Heat Resistance O O O O O O O O Chemical Resistance O O O O O O O O Workability O O O O O O O O Example 63 0.1 part of benzoyl peroxide was added to 30 parts of a monomer mixture prepared by the same procedure as in Example 56, followed by sufficient mixing and defoaming. The mixture was then filtered through a filter having a pore diameter of 5 µm under pressure, and then poured into a +2 diopter lens mold for diethylene glycol diallyl carbonate. Afterward, polymerization was effected by elevating the temperature of the mixture from 70°C to 140°C over 3 hours. After cooling, a transparent convex lens having a smooth surface was released from the mold. The pencil hardness on the surface of the convex lens was 9H or more, and a refractive index by the Abbe's refractometer was 1.54. Example 64 0.2 part of benzoyl peroxide was added to 20.0 parts of a monomer mixture prepared by the same procedure as in Example 56 followed by mixing and defoaming. The mixture was then applied onto a steel plate by the use of a coating bar so that a coating thickness might be 50 µm. Afterward, the mixture was cured at a temperature of 140°C for 30 minutes, whereby a transparent coating film having a smooth surface was obtained on the steel plate. The pencil hardness of this coating film was 9H or more, and the results of a checher test (JIS K 5400) were good. In addition, heat resistance was also good (the specimens were allowed to stand at 120°C for 10 hours in a hot-air drier, and those which were free from any problems were evaluated to be good). Comparative Example 1 3.0 parts of benzoyl peroxide was added to 100 parts of diethylene glycol diallyl carbonate, followed by mixing and defoaming. This solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp, and it was tried that polymerization was effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 70°C to 120°C over 3 hours. However, when the temperature reached about 70°C in the course of the polymerization, the polymerization advanced vigorously, so that the polymer was peeled from the glass mold and was colored yellow. Only when the polymerization was carried out by elevating the temperature from 50°C to 120°C over 10 hours, a resin plate could be obtained without peeling from the mold, but the pencil hardness of the obtained resin was 3H. Comparative Example 2 18.8 parts of m-xylylene diisocyanate was added to 20.0 parts of methyl methacrylate, and 0.5 part of dibutyltin laurate was further added thereto. 26.0 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate was slowly added thereto, while heating was carried out so that an internal temperature might be 60°C, thereby obtaining a viscous methyl methacrylate mixture of an urethane compound in which the infrared spectrum absorption based on an isocyanate group was scarcely seen. 0.3 part of benzoyl peroxide was further added thereto, followed mixing and defoaming, and the solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp, and it was tried that polymerization was effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 45°C to 120°C over 3 hours. However, when the temperature reached about 65°C in the course of the polymerization, the polymerization advanced vigorously, so that the polymer was peeled from the glass mold. Comparative Example 3 0.5 part of benzoyl peroxide was added to 50 parts of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, followed mixing and defoaming. This solution was then poured into a mold prepared by interposing a 5-mm-thick polyvinyl chloride spacer between peripheral portions of two 5-mm-thick glass plates and then firmly fastening them together with a clamp, and it was tried that polymerization was effected in a hot-air oven for polymerization by elevating the temperature therein from 60°C to 140°C over 3 hours. However, at an early stage in the course of the polymerization, the polymerization advanced vigorously, so that the polymer was peeled from the glass mold. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and proctice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims: A high surface hardness transparent resin comprising a crosslinked polymer prepared by copolymerizing a monomer (A) represented by the formula (I) (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having an halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an integer of 2 to 4, when n ≧ 2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur) and a monomer (B) having, in one molecule, m functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CH 2 =CH-C(O)-O-, CH 2 =C(CH 3 )-C(O)-O- and where that (n+m) is an integer of 3 or more. The high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1 comprising a crosslinked polymer containing at least one structural unit represented by the following formula (II) and / or (III). (wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, R is an aliphatic residue having or not having a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, R' is hydrogen or methyl, Y is, similar or dissimilar, n is an integer of 2-4, and (n+m) is an integer of 3 or more). A glazing material comprising said high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1. A protective cover for display devices comprising said high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1. An optical lens comprising said high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1. A hard coat material comprising said high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1. The high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1 wherein said monomer (A) is selected from the group consisting of monomers represented by the formulae,(V) and (VI). wherein n is 2, R is selected from the group consisting of -(CH 2 )i-(i=2-6), -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, -(iso-C 3 H 6 )-O-(iso-C 3 H 6 )-, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof , wherein n is 3, R is selected from the group consisting of and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof and a monomer (B) having, in one molecule, m functional groups of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of CH 2 =CH- C(O)-O-, CH 2 =C(CH 3 )- C(O)-O- and where the sum of ( n+m ) is an integer of 3 or more. The high surface hardness transparent resin of claims 1,2 or 7 wherein said monomer (A) is an acid ester selected from the group consisting of carbamic acid ester and thiocarbamic acid ester which is obtained by reacting isopropenyl-α,α-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate with OH and/or SH group of a compound containing 2-4 OH groups and/or SH groups and an aliphatic residue containing or not containing a halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue. The high surface hardness transparent resin of claim 1 or 2 wherein the molecular weight of said residue R is from 28 to 500. The high surface hardness transparent resin of claims 1,2 or 7 wherein the ratio of said isopropenyl group in said monomer (A) to the total of the functional groups selected from the groups selected from the group consisting of CH 2 =CH-C(O)-O-, CH 2 =C(CH 3 )-C(O)-O- and in said monomer (B) is 1 equivalent: 0.5-10 equivalents. A polymerizable monomer represented by the formula (I) (wherein R is an aliphatic residue having or not having an halogen atom, an oxygen atom, an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring or an aromatic ring, an alicyclic residue, or a heterocyclic residue, n is an integer of 2 to 4, when n ≧ 2, X's are all oxygen or all sulfur, one X is oxygen while the other X or X's are sulfur, one X is sulfur while the other X or X's are oxygen, or two X's are oxygen while the other X's are sulfur). A polymerizable monomer of claim 11 wherein X is oxygen. A polymerizable monomer represented by the formula (VII) (wherein n is 2 or 3, R is selected from the groups consisting of -(CH 2 ) i - (i=2-6), -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, -(iso-C 3 H 6 )-O-(iso-C 3 H 6 )-, -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 -, and the substituent on the aromatic ring is present at the m-position or the p-position thereof).

Inventors: IMAI MASAO, KANEMURA YOSHINOBU, SASAGAWA KATSUYOSHI, SUZUKI TOSHIYUKI, IMAI, MASAO, KANEMURA, YOSHINOBU, SASAGAWA, KATSUYOSHI, SUZUKI, TOSHIYUKI
Applicants: MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, INC.
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C08F212
IPC codes: G02B1, C08F212, C07D493, G11B7, C07C333, C07D251