A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device of the present invention comprises a first step (Fig. 4A) of exposing a periphery of a first region (31) of a pho­ toresist layer (18) coating an insulating layer (12) formed on a semiconductor substrate (10) and a periphery of a second region (32) for positioning, and a second step (Fig. 4A) of heating said photoresist layer (13) in ammonia atmosphere and forming an alkali insoluble por­ tion in the periphery of the first region (31) and that of the second region (32), a third step (Fig. 4B) of exposing a third region (33), which is smaller than the first region (31), and the second region (32) and devel­ oping these regions, a fourth step (Figs. 4B and 4C) of etching the third region (33) and the second region (32) to a predetermined depth, and a fifth step (Fig. 4D, Fig. 4E, Fig. 4F) of repeating the third and fourth steps once or more in a region, which is smaller than the third region (33), and the second region (32).

Description: The present invention relates to a technique of lithography and, particularly to a manufacturing method for semiconductor device wherein a stepwise taper is formed in a contact hole, that is, a opening portion, which is formed in an insulating film and metal, by the combination of a resist patterning process and a dry etching process. As is known, the degree of integration of the semiconductor element has been improved with the advance of a fine process technique of the semiconductor element. For the purpose of fining, the so-called multilayered wiring element has been generally used. In order to control leak current generated in the element, the necessary interlayered insulating film is formed to have the thickness of 1 µm or more regardless of quality. Thereby, the depth of the opening portion, which is formed in the interlayered insulating film, is increased. As one of the fine process techniques, the frequency in use of a dry etching such as a reactive ion etching, in which an anisotropic etching is performed, is increased. For this reason, the side wall of the opening portion, which is formed in the interlayered insulating film, becomes almost vertical. Therefore, in a case where the inside of the opening portion cannot be completely embedded with the metal layer for wiring, which is deposited on the interlayered insulating film, the connection between the electrode in the opening portion and the external wiring layer is defective. To overcome this problem, there is known a method for forming a taper in the opening portion contacting the wiring metal layer, that is, 20 to 30% of the entire depth, by using the combination of a chemical reaction and physical etching. Also, an image reversal process which can be used as the fine process technique was disclosed in Vacuum, Vol. 29, No. 12, 1989, page 585. Specifically, as mask, in which a layer interrupting light is formed, is superimposed at a predetermined position of a positive resist of a novolak type, an exposing process, which is a part of a photo engraving process, is provided therein, so that a photosensitive portion is formed therein other than the light interrupting layer of the mask. However, if this lamination layer is processed in ammonia atmosphere, the exposed and photosensitive indene carboxylic acid generates decarboxylic acid, insoluble indene is formed in alkali developer. If this phenomenon is used, a pattern to be originally formed is reversed. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of forming taper by the combination of the chemical etching and the physical etching. More specifically, a wiring layer forming of Aℓ or Aℓ alloy or an electrode 2 is directly or indirectly deposited on a semiconductor substrate 1 via a coating layer, and an interlayered insulating layer 3 is entirely deposited thereon. Then, an opening portion 4 is formed on the interlayered insulating layer 3 by CDE process as chemical etching, in which a radical, which is generated by plasma generated by a magnetron tube, is moved to the distant position and RIE process as physical etching. The edge of the opening portion 4 is etched in a certain horizontal and vertical isotropic direction by CDE process. Due to this, as is obvious from the drawing, a taper 6 is formed and a double edge is formed in positioning marks 5, which are used in an aligner process, as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plane view of the opening portion 4 for the positioning marks 5 seen from the above. Moreover, Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view showing the opening portion 4 formed by providing image reversal process in the interlayered insulating layer 3. However, the side wall of the opening portion 4 is not vertically formed, and the double edge is formed in the positioning marks which are formed at the same with the above process. This causes the deterioration of the accuracy of the positioning. In a case where the taper is formed in the opening portion 4 by the combination of the chemical etching and the physical etching, the positioning marks 5 are shaped similarly and the edges of the positioning marks look double as shown in Fig. 2. In general, to detect the positioning marks 5, reflected light of the irradiated laser is electrically compared between a setting coordinate and a measuring coordinate. Then, if the edges are discriminated several times, a plurality of detection signals are obtained, so that the positioning step fails or the accuracy of positioning is deteriorated. Moreover, if the opening portion and the positioning marks are formed by use of the image reversal process, both the opening portion and the positioning marks are simultaneously formed, so that the taper 6 is formed in the positioning marks. As a result, since a detection signal having a clear waveform is not obtained, the accuracy of the positioning is deteriorated. In addition, regarding etching, it is difficult to set conditions such as an angle of a reverse taper and controllability and there is problem in reproductivity. An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for a semiconductor element wherein an opening portion having a sufficient coverage and positioning marks having high accuracy are simultaneously formed. This object is solved according to independent claims 1 and 2, respectively. According to the manufacturing method for semiconductor of the present invention, an alkali insoluble portion is formed in the periphery of the first region (31) by image reversal process of the first step (Fig. 4A) and the second step (Fig. 4A). Because of the presence of the alkali insoluble portion, even if exposing is erroneously performed in a larger range than the first region (31) and the developing is performed when the region is sequentially increased in the range of the first region (31) in the third step and the following steps, the region, in which the image reversal process is provided, is not etched. Also, in a case of etching positioning marks (15) for positioning, even if the range of the exposure and development is erroneously set in the third step, the etching position is not changed and a vertical side wall can be obtained because of the presence of alkali insoluble portion in the first and second steps. Moreover, the region is sequentially increased in the third step and the following steps, and the exposure and development are stepwise repeated, and etching is performed to a predetermined depth. Thereby, an insulating layer (12) having a stepwise taper can be formed. By this shape, the covering of the insulating layer (12) can be improved. This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view showing an opening portion and a positioning mark to which the present invention is not applied; Fig. 2 is an upper view of the positioning mark to the present invention is not applied; Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of an opening portion when an image reversal process is performed; Figs. 4A to 4G are cross sectional views showing each step of one of the manufacturing method of the present invention; Figs. 5A to 5D are cross sectional views showing the shift of mask positioning in each step of the manufacturing method of the present invention; Figs. 6A to 6D are cross sectional views showing the larger shift of mask positioning in each step of the manufacturing method of the present invention; Figs. 7A to 7F are cross sectional views showing each step of the other manufacturing method of the present invention; and Fig. 8 is an upper view of the positioning mark formed by the manufacturing method shown in Figs. 7A to 7F. Figs. 4A to 4G illustrate an embodiment in which an opening portion is formed in an interlayered insulating film which is indispensable to a multi-wiring. Fig. 4A shows an image reversal process which a part of the manufacturing method of the present invention. Fig. 4B shows the state in the course of the first exposing and developing processes. Fig. 4C shows the result of the first exposing and developing processes. Fig. 4D shows the result of the second exposing and developing processes. Fig. 4E shows the state in the course of the third exposing and developing processes. Fig. 4F is the result of the third exposing and developing processes. Fig. 4G shows the result of which all resists are etched. On a semiconductor substrate 10, there is provided a wiring layer, which is formed of Aℓ or Aℓ alloy (Aℓ-Si-Cu, Aℓ-Si) directly or indirectly via an oxide layer, or an electrode 11. An impurity material is introduced and diffused in the semiconductor substrate 10 showing an opposite conductivity type, thereby an active layer or a passive layer is formed and electrically connected to the wiring layer or the electrode 11. An interlayered insulating film 12, which is formed of a single layer consisting of silicon oxide or silicon nitride, or a composite layer, is coated on the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate 10 including a coated layer. Thereafter, novolak system posiresist 13 having thickness of 1 µm or more ("NPR-820" which is a trademark of Nagase Sangyosha) is coated thereon (Fig. 4A). In Figs. 4A to 4G, an opening 14 is shown on the left side of the paper and a positioning mark 15 is shown on the right of the paper. After prebake process is provided in the posiresist 13 in atmosphere, mask 16 is provided at the position where exposure is not to be carried out, that is, the portion where opening portion 14 and positioning mark 15 are to be formed as is obvious from Fig. 4B. Thereafter, a first exposing step using ultraviolet ray is provided. In the drawing, arrows denote ultraviolet ray. In the first exposing step, a pattern for the opening and a reversed mask are originally used. Moreover, the image reversal process explained in the prior art is performed in ammonia atmosphere at temperature of 90° to 100°C, and the areas of the resist layer 13 exposed by the first exposing step become insoluble. A heating furnace, which performs this step, provides a preprocess in which nitrogen purge is repeated by a rotary pump to remove oxygen and water, thereby reducing the pressure to 30 to 100 torr (1 torr ≡ 133.3 Pa). Here, the second exposing step is performed by use of a pattern which is smaller than that of the first exposing step in the region of the opening. The entire surface where the positioning mark 15 is to be formed is exposed by use of the mask shown in Fig. 4B and the opening portion 14 and the areas (32) for defining the positioning mark 15 are alkali-developed by choline. Then, the interlayered insulating film 12 is etched by use of the obtained pattern, thereby obtaining the shape shown in the cross sectional view of Fig. 4C. Moreover, in the third exposing step, the pattern, which is larger than that of the second exposing step, is exposed by use of the positioning mark 15 formed in the second exposing step, and developing and local etching are repeated again. In this case, since the size of the image pattern formed in the first exposing step is unchanged, the positioning mark 15 is intermittently etched. The same steps can be repeated n times. In Fig. 4, these steps are repeated three times, thereby the stepwise taper is formed in the opening 14 and a pattern having a profile, which has perpendicular side-walls namely the mark 15, is formed. Fig. 4D is a cross sectional view showing the end of the developing and etching performed after the third exposing step. Fig. 4E is a cross sectional view showing the end of the developing and etching performed after n exposing step. Fig. 4F is a cross sectional view showing the end of the developing and etching performed thereafter. Fig. 4G shows the state in which the resist is removed. Figs. 5A to 5D are cross sectional views showing a case in which the shift of mask positioning is formed in each exposing step in the pattern formation of the opening portion in the same manufacturing steps as Figs. 4A to 4G. Figs. 6A to 6D are cross sectional views showing a case in which the shift of mask positioning is extremely largely generated. In other words, Fig. 5A shows a cross section after all steps, the first exposing step + the image reversal process + the second exposing step + local etching + the third exposing step, are finished. Figs. 5B and 6B show the state after the developing step, which is performed after the third exposing step, is finished. Figs. 5D and 6D show the state after the etching + the final entire surface exposing step are finished. Figs. 5C and 6C show cross sections after the final developing is finished. As is obvious from each drawing, by use of the image reversal process, even if the first exposing pattern is extremely shifted after the second exposing step, the shift of the pattern is not generated in the developing step thereafter, so that shift can be controlled to a certain extent that the distance between the stepwise tapers is different. Moreover, the stepwise taper is formed in the pattern for the opening portion. However, since the pattern for the positioning mark can be formed to have substantially perpendicular side-walls, failure in the positioning steps thereafter is reduced and the accuracy of the masking can be improved as compared with the prior art. Furthermore, the deposition of the opening portion having a stepwise taper, which is formed of Aℓ or Aℓ alloy layer, can obtain a sufficient coverage. Additionally, other embodiment of the present invention will be explained as follows: In the semiconductor element, it is general to form an active layer or a passive layer by introducing and diffusing an impurity material in a semiconductor substrate showing an opposite conductivity type, thereby forming an active layer or a passive layer, and provide an opening portion in a wiring layer, which is electrically connected to both the active layer and the passive layer, or an electrode. Moreover, a positioning mark is formed in an insulating layer, which is adhered to the semiconductor substrate and adjacent to the opening portion. In an element using a multilayered wire, an interlayered insulating film is formed to cover the wiring layer or the electrode introduced to the insulating layer serving as a first layer. In this case, the opening portion and the positioning mark must be formed. In the present invention, insulating material layers, which are superimposed on the semiconductor substrate, include the above-mentioned multilayered wiring element and the single wiring element. An embodiment, in which an opening portion and a positioning mark are formed in an interlayered insulating film of the multilayered wiring semiconductor element, will be explained with reference to Figs. 7A to 7F. Fig. 7A shows a semiconductor substrate to which the other manufacturing method of the present invention is applied. Reference numeral 110 is a semiconductor substrate; 111: an insulating layer; and 112: a wiring layer for wiring. Fig. 7B shows a semiconductor substrate in which an image reversal process is performed. Fig. 7C shows a step in which exposing and developing processes are performed in an opening portion 131. Fig. 7D shows a step in which an isotropic etching is performed in the opening portion 131. Fig. 7E shows a step in which a dry etching is performed in the insulating layer. Fig. 7F shows a step in which the resist is removed. The outline of this manufacturing method will be explained as follows. Specifically, this manufacturing method comprises a first step (Fig. 7B) of exposing the peripheral portion of a first region (131) of a photoresist layer (115) coating an insulating layer (111) formed on a semiconductor substrate (110) and the peripheries (118) of second regions (132) for forming positioning masks; a second step (Fig. 7C) of heating the photoresist layer (115) in ammonia atmosphere, and forming alkali insoluble portion in the peripheral portion of the first region (131) and those (118) of the second regions (132); a third step (Fig. 7D) of performing an isotropic etching of the first region (131) to a predetermined depth; and a fourth step (Fig. 7E) of performing a dry etching of the first and second regions (131, 132). As shown in Fig. 7A, the insulating layers, which are superimposed on the semiconductor substrate 110, cover the wiring layer formed of Aℓ or Aℓ alloy (Aℓ - Si - Cu, Aℓ - Si) and the electrode (112). Then, in order to form the opening portion (131) and the positioning mark (118) at a predetermined position by PEP (Photo Engraving Process), a posiresist layer (115) having thickness of 1 µm or more ("NPR-820" which is a trademark of Nagase Sangyosha) is coated thereon. In Figs. 7A to 7F, the opening portion (131) is shown on the left side of the paper and the positioning mark (118) is shown on the right of the paper. In the posiresist layer (115), there is provided a pattern to be originally formed, which is reversed and exposed by the so-called aligner. In this process, as shown in Fig. 7B, under the presence of a mask (116) interrupting the position where the opening portion (131) and the positioning mark (118) are to be formed, such a pattern is exposed by ultraviolet ray (arrow in Figs. 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E) in the above-mentioned manner. As shown in Fig. 7B, the opening portion 131 and the second regions (132) of the posiresist layer 115 corresponding to the mask (116) are not exposed. Moreover, the image reversal process explained in the prior art is performed in ammonia atmosphere at temperature of 90° to 100°C, and decarboxylic reaction is generated in inden carboxylic acid exposed in the first exposing step, thereby forming areas insoluble in alkali developer. In a heating furnace performing this step, nitrogen purge is repeated by a rotary pump to remove oxygen and water, thereby reducing the pressure to 100 torr. As shown in Fig. 7C, an exposing step is performed by use of the mask (119) in order that only the first region containing the opening portion (131) is exposed and the positioning mark (118) and its peripheries (132) are not exposed. Moreover, if alkali-developing is performed, only the pattern of the opening portion 131 is developed. Sequentially, by use of the pattern of the opening portion (131), isotropic chemical dry etching, that is, CDE process is performed. As a result, as shown in Fig. 7D, a pattern having an opening surface, which is led to the pattern of the opening pattern (131) and wider, is partially formed in the insulating layer (111). Furthermore, a step, in which the resist layer, is exposed and developed followed by a step in which the entire thickness of the insulating layer (111), exposed in the openings is etched are performed, thereby obtaining the cross section shown in Fig. 7E. This etching is used to form a substantially vertical side wall by use of RIE process and detect the positioning mark (118) by laser. Also, the positresist layer is separated, thereby obtaining the structure having a cross section shown in Fig. 7E. As mentioned above, alkali solution such as choline is used as a developer. Fig. 8 shows an upper view of the positioning mark which is formed by the method of the present invention. After a series of these steps, the posiresist layer is removed and these steps will, as a matter of course, be followed by the next step, that is, the formation of PSG as an On Aℓ Passivation layer or nitrogen silicon layer, or that of a mixing layer of both layers. It is needless to say that the method of the present invention can be applied to the multilayered semiconductor element other than the example of the two-layered wiring. According to the method of the present invention, since a vertical wall surface can be obtained without generating a taper around a positioning mark, the generation of a large positioning shift in the patterning which is the next process using an aligner and the mode such as non-detection of a detection signal are reduced. For this reason, the accuracy of the positioning of the wiring pattern such as Aℓ, which is deposited on the opening portion, thereby making it possible to improve productivity. Reference signs in the claims are intended for better understanding and shall not limit the scope.

Claims: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: a) a first step of exposing the periphery of a first region (31) of a photoresist layer (13) coating an insulating layer (12) formed on a semiconductor substrate (10), said first region (31) to contain an opening, and simultaneously exposing the peripheries (15) of second regions (32) of said photoresist layer (13), said peripheries of said second regions (32) to form positioning marks; b) a second step of heating said photoresist layer (13) in ammonia atmosphere and making alkali insoluble said previously exposed periphery of said first region (31) and said peripheries (15) of said second regions (32); c) a third step of exposing a third region (33) of said photoresist layer (13) which is smaller than said first region (31) and included therein, and simultaneously exposing said second regions (32), and developing only the exposed second regions (32) and the third region (33) using alkali solution developer; d) a fourth step of anisotropic etching said insulating layer (12) through said third region (33) and through said second regions (32) to a predetermined depth the peripherie (15) of said second regions (32) this forming positioning marks; and e) a fifth step of repeating the third and fourth step once or more wherein the size of said third region (33) is increased (34, 35) in each successive repetition, thus forming an opening with a stepwise taper in said first region (31) and no taper in said second regions (32) and wherein the peripheries (15) of said second regions (32) the larger third region (34, 35). A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: a) a first step of exposing a periphery of a first region (131) of a photoresist layer (115) coating an insulating layer (111) formed on a semiconductor substrate (110), said first region (111) to contain an opening, and simultaneously exposing the peripheries (118) of second regions (132) of said photoresist layer (115), said peripheries (118) of said second regions (132) to form positioning marks; b) a second step of heating said photoresist layer (115) in ammonia atmosphere and making alkali insoluble said previously exposed periphery of said first region (131) and said peripheries (118) of said second regions (132); c) a third step of exposing said first region (131) while not exposing said second regions (132) on peripheries thereof (118) and developing said first region (131) using alkali solution developer; d) a fourth step of performing isotropic etching of said insulating layer (111) through said first region (131) to a predetermined depth; e) a fifth step of exposing said second region (132) and developing said second regions (132) using alkali solution developer; and f) a sixth step of performing anisotropic etching of said insulating layer (111) through said first region (131) and through said second regions (132) the peripheries (118) of said second regions (132) thus forming positioning marks. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said anisotropic etching is dry etching. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that said isotropic etching is dry etching. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising a final step of removing said photoresist (13). A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said photoresist layer (13, 111) is a novolak type of posiresist A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said insulating layer (12, 111) is of silicon oxide. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said insulating layer (12, 111) is of silicon nitride. A method according to any one of preceding claims, characterized in that said ammonia atmosphere is at 90° to 100° C.

Inventors: HARAGUCHI HIROSHI C O INTEL PR, HASHIMOTO HIDETSUNA C O INTEL, HIRATA OSAMU C O INTEL PROP DI, TSUJI HITOSHI C O INTEL PROP D, HARAGUCHI, HIROSHI, C/O INTEL. PROP. DIV., HASHIMOTO, HIDETSUNA, C/O INTEL. PROP. DIV., HIRATA, OSAMU, C/O INTEL. PROP. DIV., TSUJI, HITOSHI, C/O INTEL. PROP. DIV.
Applicants: TOSHIBA KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Application year: 1990
Main classification: H01L21
IPC codes: G03F7, H01L21