4-Acylaminopyridine derivatives

Abstract: A novel 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I) is disclosed. The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative of the present invention is useful as a medicine for treating disturbances of memory such as senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease, since it has an action of directly activating malfunctioned cholinergic neuron.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a novel 4-acylaminopyridine derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt thereof useful for activating a malfunctioned cholinergic neuron. As a therapeutic treatment for various disturbances of memory such as Alzheimer's disease characterized by malfunction of a cholinergic neuron, has been made an attempt to increase the acetylcholine content in the brain by using an antiacetylcholinesterase. For example, investigation on the use of physostigmine is reported in Neurology, 8 , 397(1978). Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) Nos.61-148154 (1986), 63-141980(1988), 63-225358(1988), 63-238063(1988), 63-239271(1988), 63-284175(1988), 63-297367(1988), 64-73(1989) and 1-132566(1989), EP-A-268871 and EP-A-319429 and International Publication of PCT 88/02256 report that a particular derivative of 9-aminotetrahydroacridine has an antiacetylcholinesterase activity and is therefore useful for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Summers reports in the New England Journal of Medicine, 315 , 1241(1986) that 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (tacrine) is effective for treatment of Alzheimer's disease when used together with lecithin. However, improvement is still sufficient and it produces undesirable side effects, and therefore, a new therapeutic treatment has been demanded. As examples of the known 9-acylaminotetrahydroacridines, 9-acetylaminotetrahydroacridine is described in Journal of Chemical Society, 634(1947) and 9-chloroacetylaminotetrahydroacridine and 9-diethylaminoacetylaminotetrahydroacridine are described in Chem. listy, 51 , 1907(1957). 9-Diethylaminoacetylaminotetrahydroacridine is described to have a local anesthetic action. In Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 18 , 1056(1975), structure-activity correlation on antiacetylcholinesterase activity of 9-aminotetrahydroacridine derivatives and it is reported that the activity of 9-acetylaminotetrahydroacridine and 9-benzoylaminotetrahydroacridine is 1/1000 of the activity of 9-aminotetrahydroacridine. Some of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) Nos. 63-166881(1988), 63-203664(1988), 63-238063(1988), 63-239271(1988), 63-284175(1988), 64-73(1989) and 1-132566(1989) claims a 9-acylaminotetrahydroacridine derivative, however, none of them disclose expressly the synthesis of nor a pharmaceutical activity of a compound having a 9-acylamino group. The present inventors have made various and extensive studies so as to provide a medicine effective for treatment of senile dementia including Alzheimer's disease. As the result thereof, it has been found that a particular 4-acylaminopyridine derivative and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt thereof can improve disturbances of memory such as Alzheimer's disease by a mechanism different from that of a conventionally known compound having an antiacetylcholinesterase activity. The present invention has been accomplished based on this finding. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The present invention provides a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein R¹ represents a C₂-C₆ alkyl group or a group represented by the following formula (II): wherein each of R² and R³ independently represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group or wherein each of R⁴ and R⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent or wherein R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, and n represents 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that when R¹ is a C₂-C₆ alkyl group or a group represented by the formula (II) wherein one of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group and the other of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or -CH₂COOR⁵ wherein R⁵ is the same as defined above, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent and n is 1 or 2, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt thereof. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. The present invention still further provides a process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to the present invention is represented by the formula (I) shown above. In the formula (I), as examples of C₂-C₆ alkyl group (alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms) represented by R¹, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group and n-hexyl group may be mentioned. Among these, a C₂-C₄ alkyl group is particularly preferable. Examples of C₁-C₆ alkyl group represented by each of R² to R⁷ are methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group and n-hexyl group. Among these, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group is preferable. As C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group represented by each of R² and R³, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group may be mentioned. A halogen atom represented by R⁷ is exemplified by fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom. As examples of C₁-C₄ alkyl group represented by each of R⁸ to R¹³, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl group may be mentioned. In the present invention, among the compounds represented by the formula (I), is preferred a compound wherein R¹ represents a C₂-C₆ alkyl group or a group represented by the following formula (II): wherein R² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, R³ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group or wherein each of R⁴ and R⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent wherein R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, and n represents 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, or wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group; and wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or More preferred is a compound wherein represents wherein R⁷ to R¹¹ are the same as defined above. The acid-added salt of the compound represented by the formula (I) is preferred to be pharmaceutically and physiologically acceptable. For example, inorganic acid-added salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate and phosphate, and organic acid-added salts such as oxalate, maleate, fumarate, lactate, malate, citrate, tartrate, benzoate, methanesulfonate and camphorsulfonate may be mentioned. The compound represented by the formula (I) and the acid-added salt thereof can be present in the form of hydrate or solvate. These hydrate and solvate are also included in the compound of the present invention. A process for producing the compound of the present invention will now be explained. The compound represented by the formula (I) is produced by, for example, any of the following processes (1) to (5). Process (1) In the above reaction scheme, in the formulae (III) and (V) are the same as defined above, and R¹⁴ in the formulae (IV) and (V) represents a C₁-C₆ alkyl group or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group. Through the process (1), the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (V) can be produced by reacting a primary aromatic amine of the formula (III) with an isocyanate compound of the formula (IV). As the reaction solvent, a halogen solvent such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane or an inert polar solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methylpyrrolidone may be preferably used. The reaction may be carried out at a temperature from 0 to 120°C, preferably 20 to 80°C. Process (2 ) In the above reaction scheme, in the formulae (III), (VI) and (I₁) and R² and R³ in the formulae (VII) and (I₁) are the same as defined above. Through the process (2), the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I₁) can be produced by reacting a compound of the formula (III) with excess trichloroacetyl chloride (reaction (a)) to obtain and isolate a trichloroacetamide compound of the formula (VI), and then reacting the compound of the formula (VI) with an amine of the formula (VII) or acetate thereof (reaction (b)). The reaction (a) is carried out by using trichloroacetyl chloride also as the solvent at a temperature from 80 to 115°C, preferably from 100 to 115°C. The reaction (b) is carried out preferably in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc. The reaction temperature is from 0 to 100°C, preferably from 0 to 50°C when the amine is used, and from 50 to 160°C, preferably from 100 to 150°C when the acetate of the amine is used. Process (3 ) In the above reaction scheme, in the formulae (III) and (I₁) and R² and R³ in the formulae (VII) and (I₁) are the same as defined above. Through the process (3), the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I₁) can be produces. More in detail, the compound of the formula (III) is dissolved in an inert solvent such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, then, a phosgene compound such as ditrichloromethyl carbonate, phosgene and trichloromethyl chloroformate is added to the solution, followed by the addition of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine. The thus obtained solution is added dropwise to a solvent containing the amine represented by the formula (VII) to give the compound represented by the formula (I₁). As the solvent for dissolving the amine represented by the formula (VII), tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile and alcohols are preferable, and it is possible to use a mixed solvent of water with at least one of the above-described solvents, if necessary. In the above reaction (c), the addition of the phosgene compound and the addition of the tertiary amine are carried out at a temperature from -10 to 50°C, preferably from 0 to 30°C. The reaction with the amine represented by the formula (VII) is carried out at a temperature from -20 to 30°C, preferably from -10 to 20°C. Process (4) (1) By reacting the compound represented by the formula (III): wherein have the same meanings as defined in the above formula (I), with a reactive derivative of the compound represented by the formula (VIII): wherein R¹⁵ represents a C₂-C₆ alkyl group, the compound represented by the formula (I₂) of the present invention can be obtained. wherein and R¹⁵ have the same meanigs as defined above. Examples of the reactive derivatives of the compound of the formula (VIII) are preferably symmetric acid anhydrides or acid halides, particularly acid chloride. The reaction is carried out in the presence of of an inert solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, etc., or by using excessive amounts of symmetric acid anhydrides or acid halides as a solvent. When the symmetric acid anhydrides are used, a tertiary amine such as pyridine may be preferably used. The reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of 30 to 150°C, preferably 50 to 120°C. (2) After processing the compound represented by the above formula (III) with an equimolar amount or more of sodium hydride to prepare a sodium salt, reacting it with an ester compound represented by the formula (IX): wherein R¹⁶ represents (wherein represents an integer from 1 to 3), and R¹⁷ represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, to obtain the compound represented by the formula (I₃): wherein and R¹⁶ have the same meanigs as defined above. As the solvent, preferred are tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, etc. The reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of 10 to 80°C, preferably 30 to 60°C. wherein X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; represents 1, 2 or 3; have the same meanings as defined in the formula (I); R¹⁸ in the formula (XII) represents a C₁-C₆ alkyl group or (wherein R⁴ and R⁵ have the same meanings as defined in the formula (I); R¹⁹ in the formula (XIII) represents By the above two steps of the reaction formulae, the compound of the formula (I₄) or (I₅) can be synthesized. In the above formulae (I₄) and (I₅), R¹⁸, R¹⁹ and have the same meanings as defined above. That is, an acyl halide compound of the formula (X) is reacted with the compound of the formula (III) to obtain the compound of the formula (XI) [step (a)]. Then, to the compound of the formula (XI) the compound of the formula (XII) is reacted, or else a compound which is a sodium salt obtained by treating the compound of the formula (XIII) with sodium hydride [step (b)], the corresponding compound (I) can be obtained. The step (a) is carried out by using an excessive amount of acyl halide also as the solvent, or by using an inert solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, etc., at a temperature in the range of 50 to 150°C, preferably 70 to 120°C. The step (b) is carried out by using an excessive amount of amine also as the solvent, or by using an alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, etc., or a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., at a temperature in the range of 0 to 150°C, preferably 20 to 100°C. When the sodium salt of the compound of the formula (XIII) is reacted, the reaction is carried out by using a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc., at a temperature in the range of 0 to 120°C, preferably 20 to 80°C. Process (5) The compound where R¹ is a group represented by the formula (II) and R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent wherein R⁶ is the same as defined above, i.e. the compound represented by the formula (I₆), can be produced according to the following reaction scheme. wherein and R⁶ are the same as defined above and R²⁰ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl group. In more detail, the compound of the formula (I₆) can be obtained by heating the compound of the formula (XIV) together with 1 to 10 equivalents of urea in the presence or absence of a solvent. The compound of the formula (XIV), the starting material, can be obtained by the process described in process (4). As the solvent for producing the compound of the formula (I₆), an inert polar solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone is preferred. The reaction temperature is from 120 to 190°C, preferably from 140 to 170°C. The starting compound represented by the formula (III) can be easily synthesized by, for example, the methods described in (a) Tetrahedron Letters, 1277(1963), (b) Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 42 , 2802(1977), and (c) Acta Chemica Scandinavica, B, 33 , 313(1979) and similar methods thereto. It is also possible to synthesize the starting compound (III) in accordance with the methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (KOKAI) Nos. 61-148154(1986), 63-141980(1988), 63-166881(1988), 63-203664(1988), 63-225358(1988), 63-238063(1988), 63-239271(1988), 63-297367(1988), 64-73(1989), 1-132566(1989) and EP-A-268871. The acid-added salt of the compound represented by the formula (I) can be easily obtained by a known method to prepare an acid-added salt of a quinoline or pyridine based compound. Some of the starting compound represented by the formula (III) for producing the compound of the present invention, which were produced according to the methods described in the above references are shown in Table 1 below. The compound of the present invention is used as a therapeutic medicine by administrating it singly or in the form of a mixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition is determined based on the solubility and property of the compound to be used as the active ingredient, the administration route and dosage regimen. For example, the compound of the present invention may be orally administered in the form of granule, subtilized granule, powder, tablet, hard capsule, soft capsule, syrup, emulsion, suspension and solution. The compound of the present invention may be also administered intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously by injection. The compound of the present invention may be prepared to an injectable powder and injected alter dissolving or suspending in an appropriate solvent when used. It is possible to use an organic or inorganic, solid or liquid carrier or diluent, which is suitable for oral, intestinal, parenteral or local administration, together with the compound of the present invention. As a vehicle for a solid preparation, lactose, sucrose, starch, talc, cellulose, dextrin, kaolin and calcium carbonate are usable. A liquid preparation for oral administration, i.e. emulsion, syrup, suspension, solution, etc., contains a usual diluent such as water, vegetable oil, etc. The liquid preparation can contain an auxiliary such as a humectant, suspending agent, sweetening agent, aromatic, coloring agent, preservative etc. in addition to the inert diluent. The liquid preparation may be encapsulated in an absorbable wall substance such as gelatin. As a solvent or a suspending agent used for preparing a parenteral preparation such as an injection preparation, water, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl oleate and lecithin may be mentioned. The preparation may be carried out by an ordinary method. The daily clinical dosage of the compound of the present invention in oral administration is usually 1 to 1000mg, preferably 1 to 100mg for an adult. It is preferable to appropriately increase or decrease the dose depending upon the age of patient, condition of disease, condition of patient, and whether or not another medicine is administered. The daily dose of the compound of the present invention may be administered at once, or in two or three portions with appropriate interval. Intermittent administration thereof is also applicable. The daily dosage of the compound of the present invention in injection is 0.1 to 100mg, preferably 0.1 to 50mg for an adult. Although the antiacetylcholinesterase activity of the compound represented by the formula (I) is 1/100 of that of known 9-aminotetrahydroacridine, the compound of the present invention can reactivate the presynaptic site of the cholinergic neuron to enhance the neurotransmission. More precisely, the compound of the present invention improves the reduced high-affinity choline-uptake in the hippocampak synaptosome of a rat treated with AF64A (ethylcholine aziridinium ion; J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 222 , 140(1982) and Neuropharmacol., 26 , 361(1982)) intra-cerebroventricularly (Test Example 1 below). This kind of action is not observed in 9-aminotetrahydroacridine. Further, the compound of the present invention is very low in toxicity and scarcely produces side effect in comparison with 9-aminotetrahydroacridine, and therefore, the compound of the present invention can be a useful medicine for treating disturbances of memory such as Alzheimer's disease. The compound of the present invention represented by the formula (I) is a pharmaceutically active and valuable compound. Especially, the compound of the present invention is useful as a medicine for treating disturbances of memory such as senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease, since it has an action on the activating malfunctioned cholinergic neuron. In senile dementia, in particular, Alzheimer's disease, the function of the cholinergic neuron in the brain is decreased, and it is recognized that there is a good correlation between the deficit in the cholinergic neuron and the degree of disturbances in memory. As reported by Fisher (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 222 , 140(1982)) and Leventer (Neuropharmacol, 26 , 361(1987)), AF64A causes long-term malfunction selectively on cholinergic neuron, and disturbance of memory and learning is observed in a rat to which AF64A is administered. Such a rat is used as a good model of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, from the above pharmacological results, the compound of the present invention is considered to be useful for treating senile dementia including Alzhimer's disease. EXAMPLES: The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples, but it is to be understood that the present invention is not restricted to the following examples and any modification is possible within the scope of the present invention. Example 1: Synthesis of N-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]-quinolin-4-yl)butanamide To 4.37g of 4-amino-3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline, were added 8 ml of pyridine and 12.7g of n-butyric anhydride and the mixture was refluxed for 13 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under a reduced pressure, and dissolved in 170ml of methanol and 40ml of ethanol. To the solution, was added 70ml of concentrated ammonia water and the reaction was carried out at 65°C for 1.5 hours. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure and 100ml of chloroform, 100ml of water and 5ml of concentrated ammonia water were added, followed by stirring. The chloroform layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The chloroform solution was evaporated. The obtained product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform-methanol) and was recrystallized from chloroform-diethyl ether to obtain 5.11g of the titled compound having the melting point of 200 to 202°C. Examples 2 to 13: Each of the compounds listed in Table 2 was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1. Example 14: Synthesis of N-(2,3-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b]-quinolin-4-yl)isobutanamide The titled compound having the melting point of 245 to 246°C was obtained in the same way as in Example 10 except for using isobutyric anhydride in place of n-butyric anhydride. Example 15: Synthesis of 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-N-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)acetamide Into a suspension of 1.26g of sodium hydride (60% content) in 15ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, was added 3.28g of 4-amino-3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline at room temperature. The mixture was heated to 50°C and stirred for 40 minutes. Thereafter, 4.72g of methyl 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate was added dropwise to the mixture at 50°C over a period of 30 minutes. After the stirring at 50°C for 20 minutes, the mixture was cooled to 15°C and poured into 130ml aqueous solution containing 13.5g of ammonium chloride. After extraction of the solution with 100ml of chloroform, the extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, followed by evaporation to dryness. The resultant product was added with ethyl acetate, pulverized and filtered. The crude crystals were recrystallized from chloroform-ethyl acetate to obtain 4.31g of the titled compound having the melting point of 244 to 246°C. Examples 16 to 29: Each of the compounds listed in Table 3 was synthesized in the same way as in Example 15. Example 30: Synthesis of N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3b]quinolin-4-yl)urea A mixture of 8.17g of 4-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline and 90ml of trichloroacetyl chloride was refluxed for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled to 25°C and 30ml of 1,2-dichloroethane was added thereto. The crystals were filtered out and washed with 1,2-dichloroethane. The suspension of the crystals in 200ml of chloroform and 120ml of water was added with 5ml of concentrated ammonia water. After the chloroform layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, it was purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform). By recrystallization from chloroform-n-heptane, 11.84g of N-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)trichloroacetamide having the melting point of 176 to 178°C was obtained. In 20ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, was dissolved 3.5g of the obtained compound. After adding 6.2g of ammonium acetate to the solution, the reaction was carried out at 150°C for 30 minutes. After cooled to 30°C, the reaction mixture was added with 100ml of water and 50ml of chloroform, followed by stirring. The pH of the aqueous layer of the mixture was adjusted to 10 with concentrated ammonia water. The insoluble matters were collected by filtration and washed with chloroform and water, followed by recrystallization from ethanol-1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-ethyl acetate to obtain 0.73g of the titled compound having the melting point of 260 to 262°C. Example 31: Synthesis of N-methyl-N′-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)urea In 120ml of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, was dissolved 2.45g of 4-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline, and 1.78g of ditrichloromethyl carbonate was added to the solution at a temperature from 20 to 30°C. After adding 6.7g of triethylamine at a temperature from 20 to 30°C, the mixture was stirred for one hour at room temperature. Separately, 70ml of 40% methanol solution of methylamine was cooled at -10°C. The reaction mixture was added dropwise to the methanol solution at 0°C and heated to 30°C in one hour. Then, 150ml of water and 120ml of chloroform were added to the mixture and the insoluble matters were filtered out, followed by recrystallization from methanol-chloroform to obtain 2.49g of the titled compound having the melting point of 253 to 255°C. Examples 32 to 37; Compounds shown in Table 4 were synthesized in the same way as in Example 31. Example 38: Synthesis of N-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl]-L-alanine ethyl ester To 5g of 9-chloroacetylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine, was added 22g of L-alanine ethyl ester and the reaction was continued for 30 minutes at 100°C. After cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was added with 100ml of chloroform and 100ml of water and stirred. The chloroform layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform-methanol), followed by recrystallization from chloroform-n-hexane to obtain 5.9g of the titled compound having the melting point of 101 to 102°C. Example 39: Synthesis of N-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-yl)aminocarbonylmethyl]-L-alanine Into 12ml of 1N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, was added 2g of the compound obtained in Example 38 at room temperature, and the reaction was continued for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture, was added 15ml of 1N hydrochloric acid at a temperature not higher than 15°C to precipitate white crystals. The crystals were collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to obtain 1.42g of the titled compound having the melting point of 238 to 242°C (decomposed). Examples 40 to 42: Compounds shown in Table 5 were synthesized in the same way as in Example 38 or 39. Reference Example 1: Synthesis of 2-chloro-N-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)acetamide To 12.7g of 4-amino-3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline, was added 40ml of chloroacetyl chloride, and the mixture was refluxed for 40 minutes. The oil bath was removed and the reaction mixture was added with 50ml of 1,2-dichloroethane and cooled to 25°C. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and washed with 1,2-dichloroethane. The crystals were suspended in a mixed solvent of 250ml of chloroform, 55ml of water and 60ml of ethanol, and 4.3ml of concentrated ammonia water was added thereto. The suspension was heated to 40°C to dissolve substantially all the crystals. The chloroform layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to a volume of about 100ml. The chloroform solution was added with 40ml of n-heptane and cooled, followed by filtration to obtain 8.2g of the titled compound having the melting point of 233 to 236°C. Example 43: Synthesis of 2-cyclopropylamino-N-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)acetamide To 12ml of t-butanol and 25ml of dimethylformamide, was added 2.1g of the compound obtained in Reference Example 1. Then, 9ml of cyclopropylamine was added and the reaction was carried out at 100°C for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness under a reduced pressure, then, 100ml of chloroform, 30ml of water and 5ml of concentrated ammonia water were added, followed by stirring. The chloroform layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and purified by silica gel column chromatography (chloroform-methanol), followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate to obtain 1.52g of titled compound having the melting point of 141 to 144°C. Examples 44 to 52: Compounds shown in Table 6 were synthesized in the same way as in Example 43. Example 53: Synthesis of 2-((S)-5-methyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-yl)acetamide In 9ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, was dissolved 3.9g of the compound obtained in Example 38, and 2.64g of urea was further added thereto. The reaction was carried out at 160°C for one hour. The reaction mixture was cooled at 80°C and 100ml of water was added. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and dissolved in a mixture of 5 ml of methanol and 150ml of chloroform. The solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness. The obtained product was recrystallized from ethanol-ethyl acetate to obtain 2.44g of the titled compound having the melting point of 260 to 263°C. Examples 54 to 60: Compounds shown in Table 7 were synthesized in the same way as in Example 53. Example 61: Synthesis of2-((S)-5-methyl-2,4-dioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-N-(3-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)-acetamide In 8ml of N-methylpyrrolidone, was dissolved 2.5g of the compound obtained in Example 44, and 8g of urea was further added. The reaction was continued at 160°C for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C and further cooled to 25°C after addition of 90ml of water. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and recrystallized from methanol-water to obtain 0.84g of the titled compound having the melting point of 273 to 277°C. Examples 62 to 65: Compound shown in Table 8 were synthesized in the same way as in Example 61. Compounds shown in Table 9 and Table 10 can be synthesized in the same way as described in Examples above. Test Example 1: Na⁺ dependent high-affinity choline uptake ability (HACU) of the brain of a rat treated with AF64A AF64A was prepared from AF64 in accordance with the method of Fischer et al. (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 222 , 140(1982)). AF64A (1.5 nmol/1.5µl/side) was injected into both the lateral ventricles of a rat. One week after, the rat was decapitated and only the hippocampus was taken out. The hippocampus was homogenized with 0.32M of sucrose and centrifuged at 1000g for 10 minutes. The supernatant thereof was further centrifuged at 20000g for 20 minutes to obtain a crude synapse fraction. The crude synapse fraction was added with a compound of the present invention and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. After adding [³H]choline (1 µM), the mixture was further incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes. Another crude synapse fraction was incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes and used as the control. The reaction was discontinued by filtering the mixture with suction on a Whatman GF/B filter. The radioactivity on the filter was measured by a liquid scintillation counter and the measured value was regarded as the amount of HACU. The amount of protein was determined in accordance with the method of Bradford (Anal. Biochem., 72 , 248(1976)). The results are shown in Table 11.

Claims: A 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I): wherein R¹ represents a C₂-C₆ alkyl group or a group represented by the following formula (II): wherein each of R² and R³ independently represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group or wherein each of R⁴ and R⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent or wherein R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, and n represents 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when R¹ is a C₂-C₆ alkyl group or a group represented by the formula (II) wherein one of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group and the other of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or -CH₂COOR⁵ wherein R⁵ is the same as defined above, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent and n is 1 or 2, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt thereof. The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein R¹ represents a C₂-C₆ alkyl group or a group represented by the following formula (II): wherein R² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, R³ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group or wherein R⁴ and R⁵ are the same as defined in claim 1, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent wherein R⁶ is the same as defined in claim 1, and n represents 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; represents wherein R⁷ is the same as defined in claim 1, wherein R⁸ and R⁹ are the same as defined in claim 1, or wherein R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are the same as defined in claim 1; and represents wherein R¹² and R¹³ are the same as defined in claim 1, or The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to claim 2, wherein represents wherein each of R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are the same as defined above. The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to claim 3, wherein represents wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, and represents wherein R¹² and R¹³ are the same as defined above, or The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to claim 3, wherein represents wherein R⁸ and R⁹ are the same as defined above, and represents wherein R¹² and R¹³ are the same as defined above. The 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to claim 3, wherein represents wherein R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are the same as defined above. A pharmaceutical composition comprising pharmaceutically effective amount of the 4-acylaminopyridine derivative according to claim 1 or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid-added salt according to claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (V): wherein R¹⁴ represents a C₁-C₆ alkyl group or C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group; represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when R¹⁴ is a C₁-C₆ alkyl group, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula (III): wherein are the same as defined above, with a diisocyanate compound represented by the following formula (IV); R¹⁴-N=C=O wherein R¹⁴ is the same as defined above, in a solvent at a temperature from 0 to 120°C. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₁): wherein each of R² and R³ independently represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group or wherein each of R⁴ and R⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent or wherein R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group; represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when one of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group and the other of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or -CH₂COOR⁵ wherein R⁵ is the same as defined above, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent and n is 1 or 2, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (III): wherein are the same as defined above, with excess of trichloroacetyl chloride at a temperature of 80 to 115°C to obtain a compound represented by the following formula (VI): and reacting the compound represented by the formula (VI) with an amine represented by the following formula (VII): wherein R² and R³ are the same as defined above, in a solvent at a temperature of 0 to 100°C, or with an acetate of the amine represented by the formula (VII) in a solvent at a temperature of 50 to 160°C. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₁): wherein each of R² and R³ independently represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group, C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl group or wherein each of R⁴ and R⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent or wherein R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group; represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when one of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group and the other of R² and R³ is a hydrogen atom or -CH₂COOR⁵ wherein R⁵ is the same as defined above, or R² and R³ together with the nitrogen atom to which both R² and R³ are attached represent and n is 1 or 2, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises adding a phosgene compound and a tertiary amine into a solution of a compound represented by the formula (III): wherein are the same as defined above, at a temperature of-10 to 50°C, and adding the thus obtained solution dropwise into a solution of an amine represented by the following formula (VII): wherein R² and R³ are the same as defined above, at a temperature of -20 to 30°C. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₆): wherein represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or R⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group; and n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises heating a compound represented by the following formula (VIII): wherein and R⁶ are the same as defined above and R²⁰ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, together with 1 to 10 equivalents of urea at a temperature of 120 to 190°C in the presence or absence of a solvent. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₂): wherein represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or and R¹⁵ represents a C₂-C₆ alkyl group; with the proviso that (1) is not wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula (III): wherein have the same meanings as defined above, with a reactive derivative of a compound represented by the following formula (VIII): wherein R¹⁵ is the same as defined above, in the presence of an inert solvent or using the reactive derivative of the compound represented by the formula (VIII) as the solvent in a temperature in the range of 30 to 150°C. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₃): wherein R¹⁶ represents (wherein represents an integer from 1 to 3); represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group; represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when is 1 or 2, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and is not wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises processing a compound represented by the following formula (III): wherein are the same as defined above, with an equimolar amount or more of sodium hydride to prepare a sodium salt of the compound represented by the formula (III), and reacting the sodium salt with an ester compound represented by the following formula (IX): wherein R¹⁶ has the same meanings as defined above, and R¹⁷ represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, in a solvent at a temperature in the range of 10 to 80°C. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₄): wherein represents 1, 2 or 3; R¹⁸ represents a C₁-C₆ alkyl group or wherein each of R₄ and R⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₆ alkyl group; represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when R¹⁸ represents a C₁-C₆ alkyl group or -CH₂COOR⁵ wherein R⁵ is the same as defined above, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (III): wherein are the same as defined above, with an acyl halide compound represented by the formula (X): wherein has the same meanings as defined above, and X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, in an inert solvent or using an an excessive amount of the acyl halide as the solvent in a temperature in the range of 50 to 150°C to obtain a compound represented by the formula (XI): wherein and X have the same meanings as defined above, and reacting the compound of the formula (XI) with a compound of the formula (XII): H₂N-R¹⁸ wherein R¹⁸ has the same meanings as defined above, in a solvent or using an excessive amount of the compound of the formula (XII) as the solvent at a temperature in the range of 0 to 150°C. A process for producing a 4-acylaminopyridine derivative represented by the following formula (I₅): wherein represents 1, 2 or 3; R¹⁹ represents represents wherein R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, C₁-C₆ alkyl group or halogen atom, wherein each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group, wherein each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, represents wherein each of R¹² and R¹³ independently represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or R¹² and R¹³ may be combined together to form a C₂-C₆ alkylene group, or with the proviso that (1) when is 1 or 2, wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above, or is not wherein R⁹ is the same as defined above, and wherein R¹² represents a hydrogen atom or C₁-C₄ alkyl group or is not and (2) when is wherein R⁷ is the same as defined above and B is R¹ is is not a dialkylaminomethyl; which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (III): wherein are the same as defined above, with an acyl halide compound represented by the formula (X): wherein has the same meanings as defined above, and X represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, in an inert solvent or using an an excessive amount of the acyl halide as the solvent in a temperature in the range of 50 to 150°C to obtain a compound represented by the formula (XI): wherein and X have the same meanings as defined above, and reacting the compound of the formula (XI) with a an alkali metal salt obtained by treating a compound of the formula (XIII): H-R¹⁹ wherein R¹⁹ has the same meanings as defined above, with an alkali metal hydride, in a solvent at a temperature in the range of 0 to 120°C.

Inventors: BESSHO TOMOKO, HARADA HARUKO, MORINAKA YASUHIRO, NINOMIYA KUNIHIRO, SAITO KENICHI, SUGANO MAMORU, TOBE AKIHIRO, BESSHO, TOMOKO, HARADA, HARUKO, MORINAKA, YASUHIRO, NINOMIYA, KUNIHIRO, SAITO, KENICHI, SUGANO, MAMORU, TOBE, AKIHIRO, SUGANO, MAMORU, MITSUBISHI KASEI K. K.
Applicants: MITSUBISHI CHEM CORP, MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Application year: 1990
Main classification: C07D219
IPC codes: C07D219, C07D401, C07D495, C07D491, C07D471, C07D221