Image forming device

Abstract: An image forming device, which is suitable for use in a duplicator. a printer, a facsimile machine or the like, and carries out a printing operation by utilizing an electrophotographic recording system and an electrostatic recording system, comprises a plurality of consumable working parts (10-1,...,10-n),including at least a developing unit, a drum unit, a fixing unit, and a transfer unit, and further comprises a unit (12-1,...,12-n) for integrating the working time of each of the working parts (10-1,...,10-n), a memory (14-1...,14-n) for storing the integrated working time of each working part (10-1,...,10-n), a lifetime setting unit in which a predetermined lifetime of each working part is set, and a generator (16) for generating an exchange requirement signal for at least one of the working parts (10-1...,10-n) when the integrated working time of the working part reaches the lifetime of the part set in the lifetime setting unit. Such an image forming device permits the exchange of consumable working parts to be carried out at appropriate intervals, regardless of the conditions of use.

Description: This invention relates to an image forming device,such as a duplicator, a printer, a facsimile or the like,in which a printing operation is carried out utilizing an electrophotographic recording system and an electrostatic recording system. In this kind of image forming device, a plurality of devices such as a photosensitive member, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a fixing unit or the like are provided as working parts, but obviously the life-time of these working parts is generally shorter than that of durable parts such as a motor or the like. Accordingly, these working parts having a relatively shorter lifetime are currently handled as consumable goods and are exchanged when their life-time is exhausted. To this end, in current maintenance procedures for a large-size image forming device, these consumable working parts are examined by an experienced operator at suitable intervals, and are exchanged at the discretion of the operator. In the maintenance procedure of a small-size image forming device, however, these consumable working parts are generally examined by the user, and therefore, such a small-sized image forming device is usually provided with a counter and a memory, the number of sheets printed by the image forming device is counted and integrated by this counter, and the integrated number of sheets printed in this image forming device is stored in the memory. In one type of these image forming devices, these consumable working parts are exchanged when a predetermined total number of printed sheets or number of sheets integrated by the mechanical counter as explained above is reached, or upon a lessening of the quality of the printed characters. Therefore, when the total number of sheets printed in the image forming device reaches the predetermined number previously set for a certain consumable working part of this device, the requirement for an exchange of that certain consumable working part will be generated and displayed to the user. Usually, however, a simple proportional relationship between the lifetime of those consumable working parts and the number of printed sheets does not exist, and further, the lifetime of these consumable working parts is greatly affected by the conditions of the current usage of the image forming device, and thus it is difficult for the user to determine the correct intervals for an exchange of these consumable working parts. For example, the photosensitive characteristic of a photosensitive member used in an image forming device utilizing an electrophotographic recording system will be deteriorated by a repeated incidence of a corona radiation from a precharging unit, a writing operation, an incidence of a corona radiation from a transfer unit and an incidence of a light from a lamp in a discharge unit, and further deteriorated by wear stemming from repeated contact with a developing substance, sheets to be printed, and a cleaner. This deterioration will occur not only in a period T p of a printing operation but also in a period T PRE of a process carried out prior to the printing operation (in which an initializing of the process, a charging, a writing, a sheet supply or the like is carried out.) and in a period T aft of a process carried out after the printing operation is completed (in which a discharge of the photosensitive member, a cleaning thereof a feeding of sheets out of the device or the like is carried out.). The extent of such deterioration occurring during the printing operation, and caused mainly by the deterioration of, for example, the photosensitive member, will vary greatly between an image-forming device in which the printing operation is repeatedly carried out every time one cut sheet is printed, as shown in Fig. 7(A), and an image-forming device in which a continuous printing operation is carried out as shown in Fig. 7(B). As a result, in the case shown in Fig. 7(A), often a consumable working part will be used even after the lifetime thereof is exhausted, and in the case shown in Fig. 7(B), a consumable working part must be exchanged before the lifetime thereof is exhausted. Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an image-forming device (apparatus) in which the consumable working parts (processing devices) can be exchanged at a correct interval with regard to the condition thereof. JP-A-61 100766 by Ricoh Co. Ltd. concerns an electronic recorder for accurately monitoring the exchange cycles of consumable parts by detecting the degree of consumption thereof from the operating time of a main driving source such as a drive motor. This document discloses the features of the preamble of accompanying claim 1. US-A-4 496 237 discloses a consumable status display in a reproduction machine, in which a non-volatile memory is used to store indications of machine consumable usage based on the number of copies made by the machine. According to the present invention, there is provided an image-forming apparatus for forming an image on a medium, the apparatus comprising:- a driving source; a plurality of processing devices for forming an image on said medium, which devices are consumable and exchangeable individually; a means for transmitting the driving force of said driving source to each said processing device; a means for counting a working time of each processing device respectively, said working time comprising a processing time taken for a processing operation by said processing device, in accordance with a driving time of said driving source to obtain a total working time of each processing device, respectively; a memory means for storing said total working time of each processing device; a lifetime setting means in which is set a predetermined lifetime of each processing device, respectively; and a means for generating an exchange requirement signal for at least one said processing device when said total working time of the device reaches said lifetime of the device, set in said lifetime setting means; characterised in that:- said processing devices include at least a drum unit, a developing unit, and a fixing unit, and wherein said driving force transmitting means comprises means for rotating said drum unit, said developing unit and said fixing unit in accordance with driving motion of said driving source both during said processing operation and during a non-processing operation of said devices; and in that said counting means comprises means for counting, as said working time of each processing device, a time taken for said non-processing operation in addition to said processing time of said processing operation. In an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a prediction means for predicting the possibility of a generation of an exchange requirement signal, for at least one of the processing devices (i.e. the working parts to be exchanged) after a predetermined number of sheets have been processed to form an image thereon, and a memory and display means for storing and displaying the preliminary exchange requirement signal generated by the prediction means even when the exchange requirement signal generating means does not generate an exchange requirement signal for the processing device. In an apparatus embodying the present invention, the end of the lifetime of each consumable processing device is independently checked, and when the time at which a certain consumable processing device should be exchanged is reached, this information is displayed on a suitable display means to inform the user of this exchange requirement. Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, even if the end of the lifetime of a consumable device has not been reached, the information that the end of its lifetime will be reached in the near future is displayed together with or without exchange requirement information for other consumable devices. Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Fig. 1 is a block diagram explaining the principle of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal construction of an image-forming device (apparatus) embodying the present invention; Fig. 3 is a diagram of the control system of the image-forming device shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a block diagram explaining one embodiment of a controller used in the present invention; Fig. 5 is a flow chart explaining the operation of one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a timing chart explaining the operation of one embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a timing chart explaining the operation of a writing unit used in an embodiment of the present invention; Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are flow charts explaining the operations of other embodiments of the present invention. As explained above, an image-forming device embodying the present invention can constitute an image-printing device used for a copying machine, or a printer used for a computer, a facsimile machine, or the like. Accordingly, in a device embodying the present invention, the printing means is not restricted to a specific printing means, and any printing means, for example an electrostatic recording system, an electrophotographic recording system, and a thermal transfer recording system or the like, can be used. The sheet to be printed in this image forming device may be made of any material on which images can be printed, for example, a paper or a film. The principle of this invention is explained with reference to Figure 1, wherein consumable working parts 10-1, 10-2, and 10-n, which may be driven by a motor or the like, are provided in the image forming device, and means 12-1, 12-2, and 12-n are provided for integrating the working time of each consumable working part 10-1, 10-2, and 10n, respectively; each of the working time integrating means 12-1, 12-2, and 12n being arranged in correspondence with and connected to each working part 10-1, 10-2, and 10-n. The integrated working time of each consumable working part 10-1, 10-2, and 10n is stored in a storing means 14-1, 14-2 and 14-n connected to the working time integrating means 12-1, 12-2, and 12n, respectively, and when any one of the integrated working time of the consumable working parts 10-1, 10-2, and 10n reaches a predetermined set value, a signal notifying a requirement for an exchange of one of the consumable working parts 10-1, 10-2, and 10n due to an end of the lifetime thereof, is generated and displayed by the display means 16. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be explained hereunder with a reference to the attached drawings. In Fig. 2, the cut sheets 200, for example, a paper or a film or the like, are stacked on the inner bottom portion of the LED (Light Emitting Diode) printer 100, and contained in a cassette or the like, and the cut sheets 200 are picked up by a pick-up roller 206, one by one from the top of the stack of sheets in the cassette, and fed into a cut sheet carrying passage 202 having curved portions to form an S-shaped configuration, and provided inside of the LED printer 100 for carrying the cut sheets to an outlet sheet tray 204, i.e., a stacker provided at an upper portion of the LED printer 100. The cut sheets picked up by the pick-up roller 206 are carried into the sheet carrying passage 202 by a feed roller 208. Alternatively, the cut sheets 200 can be inserted into the sheet carrying passage 202 through a sheet inlet 210 provided on the side wall of the LED printer 100, as shown on the left hand side of Fig. 2. In the sheet carrying passage 202, a roller 212 is provided downstream of the roller 208 and the cut sheet inlet 210, whereby cut sheets picked up from the cassette or inserted at the cut-sheet inlet 210 can be carried to the lower portion of a photosensitive drum 214 along the sheet carrying passage 202. The photosensitive drum 214 is the main element of the printing means of this invention, and consists of a cylindrical member having a photosensitive film material coated on the outer surface thereof, and associated devices such as an image writing device, a developing device, a transfer device, a discharge device, and a precharging device, arranged in close contacted to the surface thereof and encircling the drum 214. The surface of the photosensitive drum 214 is discharged by the discharge device 216 after the toner is transferred, and thereafter, is cleaned by the cleaner 218 and again charged by the precharging device 220. At this stage, the surface of the drum is given an electrical potential of, for example, -600 V by the precharging device 220. Further, after the precharging operation is carried out, an image is formed on the surface of the drum 214 in such a way that a light emitted from the LED array 400 provided in a drum writing unit 222 and arranged in a line parallel to the axial direction of the drum, is incident on the surface of the drum 214 to form the latent image thereon, and the latent image is developed in the developing device 224 to form a toner image. The developing device 224 in this embodiment comprises a paddle roller 226, a developing roller 228, a blade 230, and a flow control plate 232, and the toner is supplied from a toner supply device 234. The toner image thus developed on the photosensitive drum 214 is transferred to a surface of the cut sheet 200 by the transfer device 236. When the light emitted from the LED array 400 is incident on the surface of the photosensitive drum 214, the electric potential of the point of the surface thereof on which the LED light is incident is made 0 V, i.e., to a natural characteristic of the photosensitive material coated on the surface of the drum 214. On the other hand, the toner is generally charged at a minus voltage (V) of, for example, about -500 V, and thus when the drum 214 is rotated and the point having the electric potential 0 V is in contact with the developing device 224, the toner is attached to that point to form an image on the drum 214. Further, when the image formed on the surface of the drum 214 is transferred to the cut sheet 200 by transferring the toner image to the surface of the cut sheet 200, an electric potential of about +5 kV as a transfer charge is applied to the surface of the cut sheet 200, to enable the transfer of the toner from the drum 214 to the surface of the cut sheet 200. Then the cut sheet 200 to which the toner image has been transferred is carried to toner fixing device 242 consisted of a heat roller 238 including a halogen lamp 310 therein and a pressure roller 240. After the transferred toner image is fixed on the cut sheet 200 at the toner fixing device 242, the cut-sheet 200 is carried to the outlet sheet tray 204 through feed rollers 244 and 246. Namely, after the transfer operation is completed, the cut sheet 200 is subjected to a thermal treatment by the heating roller 238 at a temperature of, for example, 190°C, to fix the toner image on the cut sheet 200. In this embodiment, a section 248 containing a controller 308 for controlling the operation of the devices in this printer is provided on the bottom surface of the LED printer 100, and further, detectors 250 and 252 for detecting the edges of the cut sheet 200 carried in the sheet carrying passage 202 is provided upstream of the roller 212 and roller 246, respectively. Further, a sensor 254 for detecting the temperature of the heat roller 238 is provided on the heat roller 238 and the temperature of the heat roller 238 is controlled by a signal output from the sensor 254. In Fig. 3, the control system of the LED printer of this invention is explained, and as apparent from the Fig. 3, the drive forces required for the operation of the respective devices are given by a motor 300. Further, each roller 206, 208, and 212 is provided with a clutch 302, 304, and 306, respectively, and these rollers, clutches and the motor 300 are controlled by the controller 308 contained in the controller containing section 248. The current flowing to the halogen lamp 310 contained inside the heat roller 238 is also controlled by the controller 308. Further, a display means 312 is provided and is controlled by the controller 308, and the exchange of consumable working parts such as a drum unit including the photosensitive drum 214, a developing unit 224, a transfer unit 236 and a fixing unit 242, or the like is carried out in accordance with the display at the display means 312. In Figure 3, each line extenting from the motor to each device such as a rollers 206, 208, 212, 224, 218, 214, 242, 244, 246 respectively is indicating a driving force transmitting means such as a gear array, belt or the like for transmitting such force from the motor to each device in a simplyfied form. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the exchange of the consumable working parts of the image forming device is carried out under the principle that the exchange requirement signal for each respective consumable working part is displayed as accurately as possible by taking into account the deterioration rate of each respective working part based on the conditions of use thereof, not by determining the exchange time thereof only in accordance with the integrated number of sheets printed, as in the conventional system. Namely, in a device embodying the present invention, the time factor is introduced into the determination of the exchange time for each respective working part by counting and integrating pulses from the time when the device is started by supplying electric power thereto, with or without adding a pertinent weight to the count due to the condition under which the part is used, instead of counting only the number of printed sheets. With a view to overcoming the problems discussed above in relation to previously-proposed devices, in an embodiment of the present invention the control system for determining the time at which a consumable working part should be exchanged basically comprises the following steps: supplying power to the device to generate a pulse from a pulse generator; counting this pulse by the integrating working time means for a working part, to determine the integrated working time of the part; storing the counted number of pulses to the memory means for the part; comparing the counted number of pulses with a predetermined number corresponding to the lifetime of the working part stored in the lifetime setting means; generating an exchange requirement signal for the working part when the counted number of pulses reaches the predetermined set number; storing the exchange requirement signal in a memory; repeating the above steps for each of several other working parts successively one by one; and displaying the exchange requirement signal at the display means when the counted number of pulses of any one of the working parts reaches the predetermined set number. A control system in an embodiment of the present invention will be explained in more detail by a specific embodiment thereof, with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4 shows the basic construction of the controller 308 shown in Figure 3, wherein control operations of this device are carried out by an MPU (Micro Processor Unit) 400. The control program therefor is stored in a ROM 402 and is used for processing the MPU 400. A plurality of data corresponding to a lifetime of each consumable working part (lifetime value), including the time factor, are stored in the ROM 402, and the RAM 404 is used as a counter for counting the working time of each consumable working part. The number counted by the RAM 404 and indicating the integrated working time of each working part is stored in a non-volatile memory 406, and thus the counted number of the integrated working time of each working part is always held in the memory, even when the electric power for the device is accidentally shut down. Figure 5 is a flow chart explaining the operation of one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 6 is a timing chart explaining the operation of one embodiment of the present invention. When the motor 300 is started, as shown in Figure 6 (YES at step 500 in Figure 5), a counted value of each counter 404 of the developing unit 224, the photosensitive drum 214, the fixing unit 242 and the transfer unit 236 is incremented by one at intervals of, for example, one second, in steps 504, 510, 516, and 522 of Figure 5. Thereafter, the counted value indicating the integrated working time of each working part is compared with the predetermined lifetime value of the corresponding working part at steps 506, 512, 518, and 524, and when it is confirmed that a counted value of one working part has not reached the respective predetermined lifetime value, the counted value of each working part is stored in the non-volatile memory 406 corresponding to each counter of the working part, at step 532. (This storing operation of step 532 may be carried out after the operation of this device is completed.) Further, when the counted value of one of the consumable working parts reaches the predetermined lifetime value set for that working part (YES in any one of steps 506, 512, 518, and 524), the exchange requirement signal indicating the need to exchange the working part is generated (at any one of steps 508, 514, 520 and 526) and an indication that the consumable working part must be exchanged, corresponding to the part for which the exchange requirement signal is generated, is displayed at the display means 312 at step 530. As apparent from Figure 6, the working time of each working part is checked from the time of starting the image forming device, and the lifetime of each working part is respectively set as a pulse number to introduce the time factor into the lifetime, taking into the account the condition under which the working part concerned is used. Therefore, the lifetime of each working part is different, and accordingly, even when the exchange requirement signal for the developing unit is generated, the exchange requirement signal for the drum unit is not generated. In this embodiment, in addition to the exchange requirement display system as explained above, a separate display system indicating the need to exchange the working part is provided. Namely, an exchange requirement signal predicting the possibility of the generation of an exchange requirement signal for a working part after a predetermined number of sheets has been processed, is generated for the working part by a predicting means even when an exchange requirement signal is not generated for that working part, and is displayed together with an exchange requirement signal generated for another working part. This embodiment is shown in Figure 5 at step 530. By utilizing this system, maintenance of the image forming device is simplified, since due to the display of the prediction of an exchange requirement signal, the exchange of a working part having a lifetime which will end within the processing of a predetermined number of cut sheets 200 to be processed, will be made at a correct timing. In an embodiment of the present invention, this predetermined number of sheets to be processed may be, for example, 250, and this can be set in accordance with the maximum number of cut sheets contained in a cassette used in this device. As explained above, when the halogen lamp 310 of the fixing unit is turned ON while the motor of this device is not energized, preferably the pulse count by the counter of the working part while the lamp 310 is turned ON before the motor is energized, is given a suitable weighting. This concept can be applied to other count operations in this device, and therefore, in, for example, the writing unit, the count may be carried out by applying different weightings to the counted pulse numbers in the preliminary processing period and in the actual writing period, respectively. This coefficient of this weighting can be determined in accordance with the construction of the device, by previous experiments. Hereafter, another control system will be explained with reference to Figures 8, 9, and 10, in which the display for exchanging a working part is carried out by a process comprising the steps of: supplying power to the device to generate a pulse from a pulse generator; counting this pulse by the integrating working time means for a working part to determine the integrated working time of the part; storing the counted number of pulses to the memory means for the part; comparing the counted number of pulses with a predetermined number corresponding to the lifetime of the working part stored in the lifetime setting means; generating an exchange requirement signal for the working part when the counted number of pulses reaches the predetermined set number; storing the exchange requirement signal in a memory; previously determining the possibility of a generation of an exchange requirement signal after a predetermined number of sheets have been processed, and thereafter, when the counted number of pulses has not reached the predetermined set number, generating a predicted exchange requirement signal for a working part when it is predicted that the exchange requirement signal will be generated after a predetermined number of sheets have been processed, and storing the predicted exchange requirement signal in a memory; repeating the above steps for each of several other working parts, successively one by one; and displaying the exchange requirement signal at the display means when the counted numbers of pulses of one of the working parts reaches the predetermined set number, and simultaneously, displaying the predicted exchange requirement signal for one of working parts shows for which the exchange requirement signal will be generated after a predetermined number of sheet have been processed. The specific embodiment of this process is explained in Figures 8 to 10. In this embodiment, when the motor 300 is started (YES at step 500 in Figure 8), a counted value of each counter 404 for the developing unit 224, the photosensitive drum 214, the fixing unit 242 and the transfer unit 236 is incremented by one at internals of, for example one second, at steps 504, 510, 516, and 522 in Figure 5, and each time the counters are incremented, the process for an exchange requirement for each working part as shown in the flow chart in Figure 9 is carried out at step 800. In this flow chart, the current counted value just incremented is compared with the lifetime value corresponding to the working part, at step 900, and when the counted value is higher than the lifetime value set (YES at step 900), the exchange requirement signal for that working part is generated at step 902. When the counted value is lower than the lifetime value set (NO at step 900), then it is determined whether or not the exchange requirement of a working part will be generated before a predetermined number of sheets, for example, 250 sheets, is printed, at step 904, and when the occurrence of an exchange requirement is predicted (YES at step 904), this predicted exchange requirement signal is stored in the non-volatile memory 406 at step 906. After the incrementing of the counter and the process for the exchange requirement are completed for all of the working parts in this device, it is determined whether or not the exchange requirement signal for a working part at which the counted value is more than the lifetime of the working part is generated, at step 802. At that time, when the generation of the exchange requirement signal for a working part is predicted (YES at step 802) the predicted exchange requirement signal for that working part stored in the non-volatile memory 406 is read out, and all of the exchange requirement signals are displayed at the display means at step 804. In this embodiment, the predicted exchange requirement signal may be generated, for example, in such a way that a difference value obtained by subtracting the integrated pulse number counted from the lifetime value previously set is compared with an average time required when a predetermined number of cut sheets, for example, 250 sheets, is to be processed, and when the difference value is less than the average time, the predicted exchange requirement signal is generated. The process in the flow chart of Figure 10 may be carried out simultaneously with the process of Figure 8. Namely, after the working part to be exchanged has been exchanged in accordance with the display, and when the reset signal for resetting the exchange requirement for the working part is generated by a switching operation on the switching panel, or when the reset signal for resetting the exchange requirement for the working part is automatically generated by an automatic detection of the exchange operation of the working part (YES at step 1000), the value of the counter to be reset is cleared at step 1002. As explained above, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the indication of the exchange requirement signal for a working part is displayed when the integrated working time of each of the consumable working parts reaches a predetermined time set therefor, whereby the exchange of the consumable working part can be carried out easily and at correct intervals. Therefore, an unnecessary exchange of the consumable working parts is effectively avoided, and further, a deterioration of the quality of the printed matter caused by an over usage of a working part, can be avoided. As explained above, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the exchange of each consumable working part can be carried out within a suitable period, whereby a waste of such consumable working parts can be avoided and the quality of the printed characters can be maintained at a high level.

Claims: An image-forming apparatus (100) for forming an image on a medium (200), the apparatus comprising:- a driving source (300); a plurality of processing devices (214, 224, 242, ...) for forming an image on said medium, which devices are consumable and exchangeable individually; a means for transmitting the driving force of said driving source (300) to each said processing device; a means (404) for counting a working time of each processing device respectively, said working time comprising a processing time (T p ) taken for a processing operation by said processing device, in accordance with a driving time of said driving source (300) to obtain a total working time of each processing device, respectively; a memory means (406) for storing said total working time of each processing device; a lifetime setting means (402) in which is set a predetermined lifetime of each processing device, respectively; and a means (308) for generating an exchange requirement signal for at least one said processing device when said total working time of the device reaches said lifetime of the device, set in said lifetime setting means (402); characterised in that:- said processing devices include at least a drum unit (214), a developing unit (224), and a fixing unit (242), and wherein said driving force transmitting means comprises means for rotating said drum unit (214), said developing unit (224) and said fixing unit (242) in accordance with driving motion of said driving source (300) both during said processing operation and during a non-processing operation of said devices; and in that said counting means (404) comprises means for counting, as said working time of each processing device, a time (T PRE , T aft ) taken for said non-processing operation in addition to said processing time (T p ) of said processing operation. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a display means (312) for displaying at least one said exchange requirement signal of the processing devices. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a predicting means (308) for predicting a possibility of a generation of said exchange requirement signal for at least one of the processing devices to be exchanged after a predetermined number of sheets of said medium has been processed in co-operation with said exchange requirement signal generating means (308), even when said exchange requirement signal generating means does not generate said exchange requirement signal, and a memory (402) and display means (312) for storing and displaying a predicted exchange requirement signal generated by said predicting means. An apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said counting means (404) counts the integrated working time of each processing device respectively with a weighting factor depending upon whether the device is performing said processing operation or said non-processing operation. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein for counting said integrated working time of each processing device, said counting means (404) counts clock pulses generated by a clock pulse generator, starting when electric power is applied to drive said apparatus (100) and stopping when said electric power ceases. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein, for each of the respective processing devices, said predetermined lifetime, said integrated working time, said exchange requirement signals, and said predicted exchange requirement signals, if any, are stored in a non-volatile memory (402, 406). An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said exchange requirement signal generating means includes means for comparing said counted number of pulses with said predetermined lifetime stored in said lifetime setting means (402) for each of said processing devices successively one by one, and generating said exchange requirement signal for said processing device when said counted number of pulses corresponds to said predetermined lifetime, a memory (402) for storing said exchange requirement signals and display means (312) for displaying at least one of said exchange requirement signals stored in said memory (402). An apparatus according to claims 3 and 7 combined, wherein said display means (312) is further operable to display at least one of the predicted exchange requirement signals together with said exchange requirement signal generated for another of said processing devices. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising a control means (308) for controlling the driving source (300) and the processing devices (214, 224, 242, ...) so as to perform an initialisation of each processing device. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein said processing devices further include a transfer device (236) for transferring a toner image to the medium (200) and a cleaner device (218) for cleaning residual toner on the surface of said drum unit (214).

Inventors: HOUKI YOJI, NISHIO YUKIO, WATARAI SHINICHI, YASUDA MEGUMI, HOUKI, YOJI, NISHIO, YUKIO, WATARAI, SHINICHI, YASUDA, MEGUMI
Applicants: FUJITSU LTD, FUJITSU LIMITED
Application year: 1989
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: G03G21, G03G15