Oral compositions

Abstract: Oral compositions, such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, lozenges and chewing gum, containing a chlorous acid liberating material, and an antidemineralization agent such as indium are disclosed.

Description: The present invention relates to oral compositions containing a chlorous acid liberating material and an antidemineralization agent which compositions are effective against plaque and gingivitis and inhibit demineralization of dental enamel. The use of antimicrobial agents to reduce plaque/gingivitis as well as mouth odor has been recognized for many years. Included among references disclosing oral compositions containing antimicrobials are US-A-3,937,805 , February 10, 1976 to Harrison; US-A-3,937,807 , February 10, 1976 to Haefele; US-A-4,080,441 , March 21, 1978 to Gaffar et al.; US-A-4,118,474 , October 3, 1978 to Gaffar et al.; US-A-4,241,049 , December 23, 1980 to Colodney et al.; US-A-3,925,543 , December 9, 1975 to Donohue; and US-A-4,256,731 , March 17, 1981 to Curtis et al. In addition to the materials mentioned in the patent set forth above, the prior art discloses the use of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) or chlorous acid (HC10₂) liberating materials in oral products. One such reference is DE-A-2329753 , December 13, 1973, to National Patent Development Corporation. The compositions in this reference are primarily alkaline but they may be acidic. The German reference and other prior art disclosures which disclose chlorine dioxide or chlorous acid liberating materials in oral products do not recognize the problems associated with such systems when they are formulated at acidic pH's to maximize their effectiveness. Low pH's (i.e., below about 5.5) can possibly cause demineralizatlon of dental enamel. A way recognized in the prior art to reduce demineralization of dental enamel is through the use of indium (III) ions. A reference disclosing such systems is US-A-3,175,951 , March 30, 1965, to Tucker. The present inventors have surprisingly found that the use of an antidemineralization agent in combination with a chlorine dioxide or chlorous acid liberating agent does not interfere with the effectiveness of the liberating agent while still providing antidemineralization properties. It is an object therefore to provide oral products which are effective against plaque and gingivitis. It is a further object of the present invention to provide oral products which are effective against plaque and gingivitis while not being injurious to hard tissue surfaces in the oral cavity. It is still a further object of the present invention to provide products utilizing a chlorous acid liberating agent as the active. These and additional objectives will become readily apparent from the detailed description which follows. All percentages and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Additionally, all measurements are made at 25°C unless otherwise specified. According to the present invention there is provided an oral composition which provides antiplaque and antigingivitis benefits while also not being damaging to hard tissue comprising: a) from 0.01% to 10% by weight of a chlorous acid liberating compound; b) from 0.01% to 6% by weight of a protic acid to lower and buffer the pH of the composition to less than 5.5 selected from at least one of citric, malic, tartaric, glycolic, mandelic, aspartic, salicylic, phosphoric and carbonic acids and glycine; c) a water-soluble indium (III) salt antidemineralization agent; and d) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and wherein the composition additionally comprises a soluble fluoride ion salt; These and other components will be described in detail hereinafter. By the term "comprising", as used herein, is meant that various additional components can be conjointly employed in the compositions of this invention as long as the active ingredients can perform their intended functions. By the term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier", as used herein, is meant a suitable vehicle which can be used to apply the present compositions in the oral cavity. Chlorous Acid Liberating Compound The present invention employs a chlorous acid liberating compound as one of the components of the composition claimed herein. By "chlorous acid liberating compound" is meant any compound which when appropriately treated will liberate chlorous acid. While any chlorous acid liberating compound may be used, water-soluble chlorites are preferred because they are readily available and inexpensive. Typical water-soluble chlorites include alkali metal chlorites and alkaline earth metal chlorites. Sodium chlorite and potassium chlorite are preferred. Sodium chlorite is particularly preferred. The amount of chlorous acid liberating compound that is used in the present compositions is from 0.01 to 10, typically from 0.10 to 3.0, and preferably from 0.20 to 1.0% by weight of the total composition. Protic Acid The protic acid used in the present invention is at least one acid selected from citric, malic, tartaric, glycolic, mandelic, salicylic, aspartic, carbonic and phosphoric acids and glycine. Mixtures of two or more such protic acids may also be used. The pK of these organic acids is generally from 2.0 to 5.0, and preferably from 2.5 to 4.0. The amount of protic acid used is sufficient to lower the pH of the composition to less than 5.5, typically from 2 to 5, and preferably from 2.5 to 3.0. The amount of protic acid used herein is from 0.01 to 6, preferably from 0.05 to 3, and preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of the total composition. The chlorous acid liberating compound is generally kept separate from the protic acid prior to use in order to avoid premature reaction of the ingredients. Antidemineralization Agent The antidemineralization agent used in the present compositions is a water soluble salt of indium (III). The amount of the indium (III) should be sufficient to provide from about 1 to about 1000 ppm indium (III). The indium salt can be any salt which provides the necessary levels of ions. Suitable counter ions include chloride, bromide, and fluoride. The action of indium (III) salt is enhanced when used in combination with fluoride ions. It is preferred to provide a weight ratio of I (III) to F⁻ within the range of 1:1 to 1:500, preferably 1:5. Pharmaceutically Acceptable Carrier The carrier(s) for chlorous acid liberating compound and the protic acid compound can be any vehicle suitable for use in the oral cavity. Such carriers include the usual components of mouthwashes, toothpastes, tooth powders, prophylaxis pastes, lozenges, gums and the like and are more fully described hereinafter. Dentifrices and mouthwashes are the preferred systems. Dentifrices preferably contain from 0.05% to 10% by weight of the chlorous acid liberating component. Dentifrices also contain an abrasive polishing material and typically also contain sudsing agents, flavoring agents and sweetening agents. Toothpaste compositions additionally contain binders, humectants and water. The dentifrice abrasive, generally has a particle size of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns in diameter and can be any abrasive polishing material which does not excessively abrade tooth dentin. These include, for example, silica, both precipitated and gels, calcium carbonate, dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate and insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate. Preferably, however, the abrasive is one which has a high degree of compatibility at low pH's with the chlorous acid liberating compounds and fluoride ions. These include, for example silica xerogels such as those described in US-A-3,538,230 to Pader et al., issued November 3, 1970; hydrofluoric acid-treated amorphous silica abrasives such as those disclosed in US-A-3,862,307 to DiGiulio, issued January 21, 1975; mineral abrasives coated with cationic polymers such as those disclosed by J. J. Benedict in US-A-4,157,387, issued June 5, 1979; and condensation products of urea and formaldehyde such as those disclosed in Cooley et al., in US-A-3,070,510, issued December 24, 1972. The total amount of abrasive materials in the dentifrice embodiments of this invention can range from 0.5% to 95% by weight of the dentifrice. Preferably toothpastes contain from 6% to 60% by weight and toothpowders contain from 20% to 95% by weight abrasives. Dentifrice compositions can also contain emulsifying agents. Suitable emulsifying agents are those which are reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range, including non-soap nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric organic synthetic detergents. Many of these suitable surfactants are disclosed by Gieske et al. in US-A-4,051,234, September 27, 1977. It is common to have a water-soluble fluoride compound present in dentifrices in an amount sufficient to give a fluoride concentration of from about 0.0025% to about 5.0% by weight, preferably from about 0.005% to about 2.0% by weight, to provide anticaries effectiveness. The fluoride compounds are believed to provide protection against demineralization as well as aid in remineralization of dental enamel. Preferred fluorides are sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, indium fluoride, and sodium monofluorophosphate. Norris et al., US-A-2,946,725, issued July 26, 1960 and Widder et al., US-A-3,678,154, issued July 18, 1972 disclose such salts as well as others. In preparing toothpastes, it is necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable consistency. Preferred thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers, hydroxyethyl cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as gum karaya, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth can also be used. Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can be used as part of the thickening agent to further improve texture. Thickening agents in an amount from 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the total composition can be used. It is also desirable to include some humectant material in a toothpaste to keep it from hardening. Suitable humectants include glycerin, sorbitol, and other edible polyhydric alcohols. The humectant can comprise up to about 65% by weight of the toothpaste composition. With both humectants and binders, care must be taken if these are combined with the chlorous acid liberating compound that they do not activate the compound before the product is used. Flavoring agents can also be added to dentifrice compositions. Suitable flavoring agents include oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, menthol oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove. Sweetening agents which can be used include aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, dextrose, levulose and sodium cyclamate. Flavoring and sweetening agents are generally used in dentifrices at levels of from about 0.005% to about 2% by weight. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a mouthwash composition. Conventional mouthwash composition components can comprise the carrier for the chlorous acid liberating component of the present invention. Mouthwashes generally comprise about 20:1 to about 2:1 of a water/ethyl alcohol solution and preferably other ingredients such as fluoride ion sources, flavor, sweeteners, humectants, and sudsing agents such as those mentioned above for dentifrices. The humectants, such as glycerin and sorbitol give a moist feel to the mouth. Generally, on a weight basis the mouthwashes of the invention comprise 5% to 60% (preferably 10% to 25%) ethyl alcohol, 0% to 20% (preferably 5% to 20%) of a humectant, 0% to 2% (preferably 0.01% to 0.15%) emulsifying agent, 0% to 0.5% (preferably 0.005% to 0.06%) sweetening agent such as saccharin, 0% to about 1.67% fluoride ions (preferably from about 0.0017% to about 0.67%), 0% to 0.3% (preferably 0.03% to 0.3%) flavoring agent, and the balance water. The amount of chlorous acid liberating compound in mouthwashes is typically from about .01 to about .5% by weight. Suitable lozenge and chewing gum components are disclosed in US-A-4,083,955, April 11, 1978 to Grabenstetter et al.. METHOD OF MANUFACTURE The carrier compositions of the present invention can be made using methods which are common in the oral products area. COMPOSITION USE The present invention in its method aspect involves applying to the oral cavity safe and effective amounts of the compositions. Generally an amount of the composition to provide at least about 50 ppm of chlorous acid is effective. All of the examples are of rinses since rinses are the preferred vehicle. EXAMPLE I ACTIVATOR BASE Component Wt. % Component Wt. % Malic acid 0.75 NaClO₂ 0.30 Glycerin 20.0 NaF 0.10 Ethanol 16.0 Water q.s. Menthol 0.03 Na saccharin 0.05 InCl3 0.02 FD&C Blue #1 0.02 Water q.s. After mixing in 1:1 vol:vol ratio, final pH = 3 ± 0.2, final F⁻ = 225 ppm, and final In(III) = 50 ppm. EXAMPLE II ACTIVATOR BASE Component Wt. % Component Wt. % Glycine 1.0 NaClO₂ 0.30 Sorbitol 20.00 NaF 0.10 Na benzoate 0.05 Water q.s. Methyl salicylate 0.10 Na saccharin 0.10 InCl₃ 0.02 FD&C Blue #1 0.03 FD&C Yellow #5 0.03 HCl to adjust pH to 3 Water q.s. After mixing in 1:1 vol:vol ratio, final pH = 3.2 ± 0.2, final F⁻ = 225 ppm, and final In(III) = 50 ppm. Indium salts are preferably added when rinse is at lowest pH to aid in dissolution. In addition to NaClO₂, other alkali metal salts such as KC10₂ or LiClO₂ or alkaline earth salts such as CaC10₂ may be used with similar results being obtained. Acids other than those indicated such as tartaric acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid and carbonic acids may also be used. Mixtures of acids may also be used.

Claims: An oral composition which provides antiplaque and antigingivitis benefits while also not being damaging to hard tissue comprising: a) from 0.01% to 10% by weight of a chlorous acid liberating compound; b) from 0.01% to 6% by weight of a protic acid to lower and buffer the pH of the composition to less than 5.5 selected from at least one of citric, malic, tartaric, glycolic, mandelic, aspartic, salicylic, phosphoric and carbonic acids and glycine; c) a water-soluble indium (III) salt antidemineralization agent; and d) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and wherein the composition additionally comprises a soluble fluoride ion salt. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said chlorous acid liberating compound is a metal chlorite. The composition of Claim 1 or 2 wherein said composition contains from 0.10 to 3.0 percent by weight metal chlorite based upon the total weight of said composition. The composition of any of Claims 1-3 wherein said composition contains up to 0.3 percent by weight metal chlorite based upon the total weight of said composition and from 0.05% to 3% of protic acid having a pK of from 2.0 to 5.0, to buffer the pH of said composition in the range of from 2.0 to 5.0. The composition of any of Claims 1-4 wherein said composition contains from 0.03 to 0.3% by weight metal chlorite based upon the total weight of said composition. The composition of any of Claims 1-5 wherein said composition contains from 0.0001% to 0.03% by weight metal chlorite based upon the total weight of said composition. The composition of any of Claims 1-6 wherein the weight ratio of I(111) to F⁻ is from 1:1 to 1:500.

Inventors: AGRICOLA FRANCIS OSWALD, COOLEY WILLIAM EDWARD, AGRICOLA, FRANCIS OSWALD, COOLEY, WILLIAM EDWARD
Applicants: PROCTER & GAMBLE, THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
Application year: 1989
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61K8, A61Q11