METHOD, MACHINE AND PLANT FOR THE EVACUATION, CONVEYANCE, COMPACTING AND DISCHARGE OF BULK MATERIALS, ESPECIALLY SHAVINGS AND SWARF

Abstract: The method consists in the infeed bulk material onto a continuous screw conveyor, offering it one or more longitudinal flow ways external to the theoretical cylinder described by said screw and open to the same, in order to counteract the tendency of said material to wind itself around the screw, preventing it from being fed forward. The machine comprises an evacuator (EV) with a screw (3-4), comprising a rear transmission section (A), a middle reception-evacuation section (B) and a front conveyor and initial compacting section (C). In series with the outlet (13) of the evacuator (EV), tubular compactor elements (85, 86 and 87) may be installed: the evacuator, operating as part of a conveyor system, may inject material into a container (45), through one of its sides (46), through its front (51) or through its base (65), for compacting inside the same. The outlet of the evacuator (EV) may be inserted in the housing (15) of a corresponding screw-conveyor element (EC). The method also allows for the construction of a network, extending in any direction(s), in which one or more evacuators (EV) are connected to further conveyor elements.

Description: Method, machine and plant fo the evacuation, conveyance - compacting and dis harge of bull- materials, es cially shavings and swarf . Trie invtmf i on cαn ~ ι = t= ; n-f a me r hod- machine and plant, fn t i .-■ e vacuat i on - co vev rice - ccnnp.ct i ng and d ι _• c ar ηf bul l ma eri l - e pe i ll <_ha" i ng c and Wir-r , or i n o hei «vord=> a new -,/-A em i o i the- collect ion and ei'-j cua to n ( rent T l-ι e w o i !• p 1 a c e , o r the i n L 11 a 1 c o ] lect i on pomL . o + L o = e -,olιd mat', r i a I s i π J ud . ng _ n. ι :" ilia 11 J 1 e m -, - c e r a in i c s - w o o d , a er, pla. U c-,. - I n d g * : , manure, rubbL_;h and any fUi.i tang Led. inrα .. L V_ gi nt' La n d p o w e r . o mi _ i, p r o d LI C = r e qun in q e v a c u a t i o n + o ■■■ T- r a n.f .r t o -to a g & , i τθi t r a n 5 μ o i lat i on i n g e n ■=> r -: ! I ■ ■ t h t- p 1 ,- » c ι= w h e 1' e L e h a r e t o b &• i- e c y ■: 1 c- d , t r a n - f rme ii - d & s t r a , c- :i o i d i. r. h a i- g e d : _ncj.ud. ri g -J L -_ o I r ι = ■ r- v a c π -J 1 J 11 rn a c h n e - he c n n v e y o r e 1 e π ι e n t a n i L h * l ant e ι ι - '- d f i o π ι 3 3 d m a r h i e f o i t e c n e > a - o 5 d i ' ■ _ a n 1 f.iac . o r c l le ti n . n g p n e r a 1 o the a t e m l. c l -' e r e d b t h J s fiatenL app L i cat ion. Stal o-of-t Lie - ar t * rhn_> L og « i c Lude-. 3.-. the eva ua i n t ngs ϊwart and other loose so L id rna I α r i 1 => b means of ό l s l d convey o i- a , c orr-'e/o i b-l ls , i n 11. m i n I .Taper blades , a l t e r na L p — ■_ p e r _■ t i pur n e r = -.( cl = c r e w- f e e d P I- ', wit h -. >= irn - c y L i n d i- i c a I o r >~ _- ! i n " I r i - A L him -ri ng hf-τ ι ng to t.hι-. ,- ι e ? t e >- =lem genei l l - opei af i n a i r _• n r h ι i h Hit pf"! a 11 d d i = c h η e L - q i '< • L i - uiil > c. r. J I ι,l ran; ρo i t a I I o n L n L r, i, h f 3 - t o i- w i t h a s 11 g h incl ine, or some times v i i all/. The Ξ i f f dr r u ed f o r conve an e of s Inav i L L' l lr 4 : ι- f?μ. nfi ?r i ng 3 high r .t ι o ( e. g. qi eatei than 7 ■ r.f_ '-"rc the e t er na3 diam o t•_•i a nd Lhat of ? 'ι& ;!-, -.f L - •: > < ov•-■ r _ he: 1 thi _ιd. are ol ten of in-. 1 h j c L ne s _> , of τ ι- oi .dci o i ~ i o 1 - 1 nil X J J me t r e = f o r e , t o r na L d l a e ter . o f I n r _: .πif J ' ~ _" P ΓΪ ■ t'rm- In. i r UΞ C j - i rn?" ι -.. !• J , j uni t? d 1 •- n-_- ron ■ '-^ ■ inc. -" s ri a v J n : - a 11 i g ■ " t m • ι I h >- ? T = g o r . r. i- g ι- a mi i ■ :, i .- ■ - i ■ -. ■ ι " 1 r i rnaTM j ? J „ m÷ j I I nown to .- J t abl ' " • [ c i- J U- - )>. z 'Z r e —' — ^ ^ e t .-. r £ . f-, I 3 I iii ' .': f = h a " i n g - - nr a " lei a 1 : . I n q o ι ■- ■ r a L e 111 > ' t- " -i i. ? 1 . i -J T i m -. I h > J 11 a 111- .o .11 ι a ' a ■ ι ■■ - d i ' ' e i " n ' characteristi s which said materials, whether they be shavings or materials in general-- present- daring handling by the va ious conven o l means, there being many problems which often arise; for exampl r in the case of - long metal shavings, which easily form tangled masses, ■ transported, by means of a slat -ed conveyor, in addition to the damage to the slats caused by the said shavings, blockages- leading to hold-ups in operation and wasted time, also occur. 10- Furthermore, it must be noted that transporta ion by means of slatted conveyors, on the flat or with slight inclines, is the only option available for long metal shavings, since scraper blades and conventional -screw feeders are unsuitable because of the tendency of said shavings to ' 1 ' 5- become entangled in the blades, and to win round tire screw without progressing axially along the same blocking the feed of the material which follows, respectively_• As to the use of pusher for conveying long shavings, the efficiency- level is too low since the system operates on a v e ry high 20 apparent specific volume in discontinuous mode. Short shavings can be conveyed by scraper blades sind pushers, even if with low efficiency and high time wastage, while in the case of granular or powdery shavings, as already mentioned, the conventional screw feeder can be 25 used ad a. horizontal or, less frequently- vertical evacuation system. In all cases, the material is collected at the end of the transportation phase in removable containers into which the materials fall by gravity, this is of extremely low 3υ efficiency for those materials, such as long shavings, having high apparent specific volume. The e is also a system or he transportation of metal -shavings by means o a sha less screw thread op-era i g inside a basically semi-cylindrical housings however, said ■ - ■ -' sys em tends to have the ro lem of bloc ing caused by tangles and does not provide compacting of the material. For- compacting, t-he system mu - inco orate compactors !• I Ill i π O compacted state, in containers which it may enter by ravi y fall, o in l c s. Where n essary, it- must also be possible for the- material to be transferred rom the conveyor outlet into a container which may be located 5 higher than said conveyor outle itself. The invention solves the above technical problem by adopting a metod which involves the infeed of the bulk material onto a single or double continuous screw conveyor having one or two threads, with constant or variable pitch, ' 10 with an advantageously low ratio between the external diameter and that of the shaft r offering said material one or more longitudinal paths ourside the theoretic cylinder described by said -screw and open towards the same, said aths being provided in order to block or preven the 15- material from adopting a path around the circum rence of the -screw without moving forward, at the same time, to provide resistance to the flow of material parallel to the crew axis in order to provide a compacting effect, while permitting material to be fed onwards. SO The machine implementing the method comprises an evacuation screw conveyor divided into three parts, one rsa.r section for ransmission of rotational motion, one intermediate section for reception and evacuation of materials and one front section — if required — for conveyance, compacting 25 and discharge. The screw housing, whose function is basi ally protective in the irst se tion, ac s as a container only in the lower part of the middle section destined for reception of the material for evacuation, theore ically with al least one longitudinal line along 30 which i is n ' operational contact- with the screw, moving clearly- aw y from the theoretical cylinder described by the c ew i sel in one o isor. zones in order to p o ide o e or more longi udi al pa hs ou ide s id theore ic l cyli de said i t r edia e sec ion o the ho sin , open at h top, : ^Ξ- i i t wi h two dive ging si epis es .In he ront- pa t- the housing has -a. continuous cross—section, with at the lop at- least one theore ical longitudinal line in operational contact with the s ^ew at the p: and at least one s-.rs-→ in w h ι c h i s c I a r L v d i s t a r, c e d f r o m the s in - _■ r d i na t i w 11 h t h e d i r ι-_. '." tion of r u t a t i o n n f S?.J d s ew- ari a t t hi _• bot om 'ji f a r ng the same .hapf. s in the i nt e i od at t a nil re-^r sections of the evacuator, of which it i a :o nt I nua Thι_ sr'3 i s- upper section where s id l i cnt port. -> l" th housing ove= a^≡, f rom the screw is suit.abl; l cat.--.- i i n i r q uad r a nt f r 3 e f t hand e d - r r eii" i t h c 3 o ■- i • J i s n i- n t,-ι t t hi e r r o n t r of e ho sin is connected a t h t p r, r tn. ι n ► rnedi at ■= of the- same tn f our th- i fil m dm I ion and dist ibution of m eri l in the di s charge se tion. J n pra ce- t i a i a u n d I o b e a d v a n t a g e o u -, t o i n c L i n = t h re a ,> i = sli htl f o r wa r d a ri d d o w n in o r d e r t o D r r- v e n t wweeaarr ff tthhee hhoouussiinngg,, reessttiinngg LLhh«« LLoowwerr ρaι t of the. ≡ " "-&w ~ f- wrro.n d+t -e,n-..d-l ^o. -r-, a -. 1h-a -..r- .d-.e-, rn-,.e-. ,dJ s - .u, ,p-, ip- ,o-..i tt re. llnenm.en nnlt T T ee ffooll lloowwiinngg aarree ttwwoo eexxaammpplleess sshhoowwiinngg the -- ρ>-c i ι 3 c at. ι on o two screws s ces full tested fo r long, tangled and mi xe - hav i ug Example n. 1 - shaft diameter 5 mm: - thread constructed by winding round and welding f rod having section !Ξx12 m, obtai ni ng an M 1 a r a! diameter ooff < &_> < <=? } mmm= i ρι tch rom 2!f to 0 mm luith the lowest value ; use.i βbo" al l i -. α n v e y o r s p o s i t i o n o d v r- it i ^I I , r a t -"> I n- g o afιg1e ta f ha ho z n al' . Ex ;aammpp»liee nn.. c2 sshh ff ddlιaaπmι tteerr 9900 mmmm;; ■ hi"ead co n . rurted b_. wi ndi ng i oυn a nd we L d i n nf ro i having section 30 v radial i 2a mm- obtaining aan e t ern-■ - υttrh T ΓOHI fO to 130 mm. L' i = t h - * t h <=» i a t i o = b t a a n f 11 a e , 1 e r r. -t I d i r ,1 er mi ι h ' r ? h a r r e 1 , Z Z a n Λ 1 « σ-t r r s .- ,- r, x v e i J , i . e „ ni "• ι_ ι- o ' l ess fι - J f that f.-ijfid i -ι ron« nt J u ;i i .- r ι c- '-.' f en a i - • mr i nr,.;ι.. ι . τ ' rn a i < " !-■ n o ate r ri s i d i a e t ■= i , t 11 a t h e d t h i c i- n e <= ■ -, i n t i . •_ "i i-,' n_ " in tfif indent ion i s mar_ timer -nine l i πu' ? a e ter i"- Φu i. e'- - gre tar I h ^ n hai - n a, cαrr' n' i on a I _ • " a"-' C ' " i I i'.' ~'V 0 l „ The s ecial marethol gy of the screw used in the inven ion wi.th its limited radial depth,, combined with the concept o the h sing ha ing ross :tion including a,st ne zone in which it moves clearrly away from the perimeter o- the screw, in order to allow the flow of material and at least initial compacting of the same, constitute the first element of the invention. Depending on the length of the spiral screw and the type o material to be conveyed, in addition to offering said scre integral with the shaft, the evacuator may also have the ■ screw itself as coaxial and external to an -axial longitudinal cylindrical elemen to which it is externally- connected rotationally, powered from its re& r ends said screw may also be driven, synchronously and in the same, direction, from rsa.r and ont ends by means of an a ial shaft passing through said longitudinal cylindrical elemen of hollo * tyρe r supported inside the same in such a way as to allow its rotation and fitted with cylindrical end of suitable diameter to allow its connection to the front end of the spiral screw. The pli nt includes collection containers, with or without lids, which can be transported and tipped up, designed to bs filled with material by the injection of the ame th ough the insertion into each c ntaine , by means of a hole which ca be shut off. of the outlet of an evacuator or conveyor elemen s- said insertion being made in the side, front or base of the container. The material leaving the evacuator outlet is further compacted inside the container bscau-ϊs of the effect of the sides -and lid (if any) of the same, while if tree material contains liquid this may be drained off through ths? bottom. M reove , in practice it is found to be highly advantageou υ r o e the liquid i the in e m i e p rt o he ho si above the ho izontal plane passing through the screw ax-is - in order to prevent blockage of the holes, when said housing is inclined forwards and downwards and when the machine's outlet- ir- fitted with container for said liquid, wi h he sha i gs b i g discha ged through the opeπinq i 1.1 ru ro i n o in , - r. - - — _. = — - -- 3 .-- P — rε'iuirεd; filling, wit-n compacting, of containers also be coupled to the bases of machine tools, by ;nj-cl io of materials through the sides, fronts or bottoms of said containers? r° o <-j ζ r of lubricating and coolant liquids; c n ey rs routed in systems.with full choice nf directions with ossibili y of vertical climbs, above or below y rcund leval; reduction of plant dimensions = chopping" and reduction of investment and running costs. A number of ways of implementing the invention are 1 illustrated- solely as examples, i.π the twenty drawings enclosed- in which; Figure 1 is a side view- partially sectioned, of an evacuator constructed in accordance i h the invention, having asymmet i s I T conveyor sections Figure Ξ is Figure 1 viewed t am abov a ? Figure Z ts ihe t__ vertical cross section of Figure 1- enlarged 111—III. in the reception and evaluation section, open a tho l pϊ Figure is an enlarged view of the outlet only of Figure 1. seen from the right? Figure 5 is the side view, interrupted and partially sectioned, of a leπght of Ξ.O conveyor system coordinated with the evacuator illustrated in Figures 1 to ^? Figure fc is the Horizontal section VI— 'J of a right—angle transmission in transfer from the evacuator to a conveyor elements Figure ~ is the vertical section I1— II uf Figure 5. relating to a further right— 23 anσls co ve or elements Figure 3 is a view from the rj-yhthand sida ,.f the outlet of an evacuatoi h -ing b?si._a}l_, square conveyor section? Figure " χ= 3 side vιe~'- iπtarruptsd and partially sectioned, of a section of conveyor plant coordinated ith an evacuator having Ξ > J r riM'-'i'- or with .qucr. cross section? Figure 10 is the Horizontal section X—Λ of Figure ° relating to a right— sr.qle t rans i ss luπ in transfer from the '-'acuator la a i tfc l - rcuiar sec ion: Figure 1Ξ is the sida vie . ir-ts! rupl ?:i .ni part t l L .ecf loned, nf 3 isnght of cαπvs-, ρian + cc _>. dir.ate.. with s e-- cuatoι h ving lohei ci rcular .- -r =.. tior. Pjniiff ti 1= tre section "IIT- HI .- f f:.u -el ing tloo a3 rrighntt--a-innggl1e-di. 1111 aannssmmii --.. ss ii oonn 1i ~ ->< tthhsi. 1111 ,,.-• nn:. r ron. tthhi--. evaacruuaatteo"'"" ttoo aa ccaonnvveey.'πorr eelleemmeenntt ;; FFiigguurreess 11--ιι B aτT..a a i i- t he c r o a : s se 1 ori of tha i e c. t i n - e''a cua. o π _,ι- ct i o a n d t hi (- iniss PPeer , section respe ti e Ly in ri h a " in g c _. r cuu LI r on • - ■ av < i -. a 11 on ; Figui -; i _-. :•n:i 17 r-_• fe : LITI i icir 3 - to a Lo Jijyjf y em ha"iny f our- 1 obed -quϋi s e t i on; F i g u res ! 2' a ri d 1 i e Pe t o . O n v f /or = .1 e m w i I h ■ -- q u a r '- ■ s μ ■ - 11 o n a n d h a v L r. c o π 1 e- n a diap h r g m • F i g u re; I' " ' and 1?" i'r-.f μ |- t cofv ui s stems w th o pen- 1 o pp'-'d U =,ect ι oιι and re t angular secti oa, including with 5 tcenl i' i t_al Ly~ 1 P L -at&d sc ew- re s pe ct l ve I Ϊ Figure: 20 an 2 I r e e r t o on v a y o y -, t e ru - w 11 h s e c t I o n r e c t nguisr in the lower part .and having -, I anted upper : .ιdι.:ι! !~ i 'i u r - 2 a i d 27 r r e r t n a ri υ v a 1 - s e t ] n on 1 ' e y o i z = L e π . ; F 1 g .' r ι- =• ari ϊ'? ' i -fer to a conveyor system with uρp £ .f oo lyg-ma L section h a v in four s l e = = fi r s 2.2. a n d E r Ϋ P r t, o a con', f-yor -.-,'St πι having tr iangular sect ion; Figure 2S is - " ■ : i de i 1 * 1 f rt evacua or whi ch rans er, the .ha« ιn i to i πntainer, being mseri ed i nto the f ont of i l: Figur e 2° ι -, a v i w r m above of the stati on of the container in Fi gur 2l2 , refer n s d o ths. base of he ma hine tool ? Fi g 20 is the hci iajoritc l se t ion X>' >-\- F i ure ,28 = Figu e S i , i : the s ide view of ran .-vacual r which Li ans p f. materie l f i the container shown i n Fi gure 28- beim ins e te in the- . id? " ■ ' th j same;, f i gure 32 i - a ~> ιdt ■ -' 10 rι f a t >-en:lι -i nst ,-,11 t-d evacua o will, i gh any] e- l r ,-.. n s in i s s i o n t n -Λ V & I 11 c o 1 c n n -J ■- » / o i t r n s f e r in ni ? t a i l a L I r the a am- cont i ner shown in Fi gu r es 23 and 2 t - _ιι r, |- i n .- I'll :m i thu belt mi. of the ..ins ■ F i gur" 22 i s s ". rt, i c =t 1 1 o n g 11 u d i n I " e 11 n o f a s re ω t h r e p r a-, v J ._ e e ■ J' i t h n '- ? f & ' " 1 o v e m o t j n •- e L a 1 o n t o a n i n t α r na I r : s , i J 1 c _. ! i r- I r i a ! c n r r ■ - Fig u μ ? t ι • a = F- - c i o r. ε i m 11. " . r ϊ ■_> t h - > i n rjgui"-- 72- ,-i'- i n] t - t πi a a I ύι π.ii f τ.m both eno- : F i . 'ii ■ - 2 C i the I r ri'T 1 t utii f! i ! verti a 1 - orticr. of a i " 0 iTlp:" ti n C| 'iri w n t, '-Ti i i 11 n r i 11 e ■ I 111 i-i n ii e. a c 1 I 1IP t c o IT p i s ing a ■ _- i I n d r l c a 1 " f t a p π e a ■ ubul r 1 H5 I on jliJuur ; a i 11 c - L s.i lii n n ii-τ,.. ■ e . Jl ui :■ i r ■ s. r f i ri c 3.-n... i w l ' 11 0 u f J .- -to- pointing upwards: Figure 1 ~ is tne longitudinal vei tical section of an elbow— ype tubuJai compacting element with horizontal outlet; Figuru So ι. tne luπgituαinal vertical section nf a compac ing element with diverging tapered Ξ , thread; Figure 29 is the longitudinal vertical section of a compacting element with convarging tapered threads Fxgu ' Λ 0 is the longitudinal vertical section of a cylindri al tubular compacting element with intermittent J_, operated shut-off device; Figure -1 is the longitudinal vertical ( 0 section of a compacting element w th chamber the volume of winch a- be acidly reduced; Figure is a perspective view '.i the lay—out of an overhead evacuation, conveyor 3.rtd compacting plant designed in accordance -^ilh the invention- using vertic-l and horizontal conve/ors u , Fιg,_,,-'_ 1- 42 is ,-* side ieu,' similar lo that in Figure 1 =ho'uιng an especially advantageus versio:.* Figure 44 is the vertical section LI '-XLIV c Figure 2: Figures 4-5- 6 (plan, 1 . 47. 4-S and 49 represent the longitudinal section sf the machine's front, or evacuation end, capable in some 2Λ_ Γ versions o-f eva a ing shavings at angles of up to Q & to the horizontal a,cis* for e,'ample (but not restricted to) for discharge c- r shavings into an open container? Figure !_* ■" I F the longitudinal section cf a to ikle section of plan -as in Figure 42- howe pt '_-ith conveyor section lncl 1 π.-d at 2 less than OQ* . Tne following features are inert ed on said drawings. A. B- C, are the drive, reception—evacuation and conveyance- compression parts respec ively of the evacuator E 1 -'2 i is a geared motn- cr hydraulic or pneumatic motor, dri.'ing, b_- 20 means of ;oιnt 2- shaft 2 fitted with peripheral th eat -t ha my one or more threads- running in th= posi e' direction t _ι tha÷ in which said shaft rctstes- ι».ιth ϊui -ilil, square c-'- rscT_^n ' laι- cross section- ha' mg suits t;- high ι -.t;e between and full zones and with —— pitch apqj oprist on the cne hand u th._' con v ' α .ιng speed ,+ ubular sJ = sn p- o i ir. ] o irt — protect i on and stiffs; c_- i .. 7'ift lower oart of tna J onci tudinal housir-, o . " tn. -1 I- ϊ reω 4 having rectangul ar cross section with wing- " a c t i n g ■ -.: _ 111 r a n e r -, ,a π d :- u p p n r t in g 1 h e p a i i ci f a i d --- s 2' -( e epti n o i πt-ite r I-Λ! ' e.g. sh d ng; 1 en er in f ro.'i -_ ■ bn ..aid ". rrew being rentei &d in said r - , I angule i se l ion 10 - i'" s ', -irgi tudin l a 1 erne n1 wi c oss se ion l n the snace f a 'l'i'-. rι." ' '■> f ι ,od,. i n a =^ iiiC-' I π -Λ I rroa- pos ion on thi-. pai l i'l " wings 7, general ly at μ tangenl to t e s rew t h r e a d s u p p s r g snsi _lru, n o r d a r t p r •_ ide, i app o ia e- , '3ft a ti e cent -, ring of shaft 5 and to bi oadcr 1 the secti n of the material ut-f low in corr wl ti n wi h 1 t h r e a ■:' i o t a t i n d i r p c t ID n ι n o r d c i t c e n s u r & i n c r e a s _ • d i I .;ιw- i a t c- - μ s pe c i a 13 v J n t h e ca s e n f f re ~ f 1 ow I ng shavin - in the f.rst quadrant 01 (Figures 2, -■ ■ thu: [ r o v J d i n g -.J- C O n v e y o ci n.- e tion in t h a : h a pie o f a n 15 c. yπiiiii? I ,"i ..cl " " ( note that a n r r & s J: ond L ng material flow path is ρro"ided i c-ach o the quadi ants 01. 02, 02 nd 04 ; ϊ 11 i s a tank for collection f the J ubr i ca t mg- cuo J an fluid located near to the m chi ne tool i the -^stc- i s l ri - t c.11 e d f o i" e ct c ua 1 o n o f etal ;having = ; 12 i ≡ a n u p p e r Ξ. funnelling element whi h connects s ide -pieces . " . to .-on ,'?;o 10 to aid the entry of matte, la L i ntu discha e sec ion C -, 12 is the- evacuator ou let ; 11 arc sl t s in t ho base of- t i tubular" elements 5 and the lower section 6 of the longitudinal housin oh s rew -, f o r r a i n a g e of -- 111 b r i c a t i n g - c o o J a n t f lui d •- o t h ■ i i q u i d s . t his p r o c ess i pos ibl when the ha acteri sti of the c h ι -' i n g = a re sue h as not I n bLfjf l the slots t n=mse I v== - 271 ι Figure 7) i = -< conveyor element compri sing a otor 1 driving a shaft 2 f i 1 e w i I h s c r o w 4 , ith f h -_• la t,- ria e d if a p p i o o i i. a I a , - " - < ■ - rer't-rs n tιι r n i n g <u 11 h i π a tub lar e 1 e m n t I 'c o f s ? u → r p rro Ξ s '-. ■: 1 on . s i tubul ar element Lie ing connected j ■ - ri ht n le tn he outla + n+ " n ^ cua f or E'<' hut wii h 'l : jilϊ fι f t h c eft i J n r. e i f i ■_) ui ; ε. led <:• 1 4'. ' t o t h a s etri cal 1 -chaρed er ,?-, section m said e va cua to r c.j th ^ T, h a a ,; i s s ! ι i f I r- d a r a 11.- ! : - : d i : l a 11 c e F c n rr.l a I P d w i t j- t he si i l hi ft i e t ω a s n t n .- t u b u I s r e I e e n + 1 ' " ■ a n d t h e a, i - i tlf- :> ha -i o-f thf ? '. - , ..•,- 1.■ ι i self ; Et " I 3 -:> μ τ " ιιrτn n r cnnuiHnr element ? t ,-- , n l + --. r. L -. - in t !-,•-• eie prr EC 1 Ϊ R is a coTinecting element ' if reαuired* between the longitudinal element 10 of evacuate."" E- ! and the tubular- element 15 of the conveyor element EC \ - It- '.Figure 9' is a square— ection longitudinal tubular element constituting 2 the end part C of evacuator E'>-' 1 _ connected at right— ngles t This tubular element " 7 " ". wi th square sect ion of a con eno element EC. the side of said section leading i si. c [; the same direction as the corresponding side of the square cross section of the tubular element 10 constituting the part 0 of evacustαr EV 1 = E !) Ξ is an evacuator formed by a tubular element 1 D with circular cross section interrupted in quadrant 01 in order to obtstin a lobed appendi; 20- which enlarges the material f1.ii" sertLon in correlation -,'ith the thread ro tion 1— section- b means of a straight c snne 1 or discharge roul . Z1 22 ( Ti giji-". 12"' is the elboω union hr-tωeen said straigh chanrrel of evacuator E'.'Z and a corresponding straight channel 23 of tubular element Et having cross section corresponding to that of the tubular element 19. to which 2ϋ it is connected at right— ngles; Ξ5 (Figure 14' is the lower secticn of a longitudinal housing having incomplete circular cross section containing the screw con tituting the in ermediate section 3 o* an evacuatoπ £6 ''Figure 12' is the bular element with circular cross section- 22 comprising the end— art C of the evacuator itself. Simiiarlv. for tht cross sections of parts B and C of tne other e'-'scuators shown. 2 ~~ and ΞB .Figures 1__ and t " " 1 used the case of the square section with four lobes Ξ9= 20 and 1 iFigures IS and I' 51 αspd the case of the sαuare d { sp-tion with centra-line dischrag r 22- th= last— amed being adjustable- f i 'ed between pal fϊ of edoes 22 of angular lonuitudiπ.. 1 ! elements 2-n ~ * 'Figura 1 ,:? ' / an-- 1 2-t" ■ Figure ϊ°" ■ s"? res ective] - a lc-r.git niπal housing havin U—se 1 ion with screw 2 - → m=tailed in eccentri ro itio -- and a tongitcdma1 housing having rectangular sectio-. ω. "ccentrjι_ x-- <-- ent i a 1 . =.-re .' ' note that m oract cs it ι= not e s sential that the sere-' be centred tr the housing bv t-onta t hi-t'L i ean said housir.- and 1 > ^crew • ■ jeπ ratπ ι - 72 a r.d it -. I- i g IJ r e . 2.' and 2 l ■ use i n t h e c a =. <? of c n ir.'syo c having re tangul r lower ection with wings 7 or ,ϊ nιm β 11 J ca I ft i tched covering ale merits 77 and 22? 2° ar ι > F ! u r e s 22 a n d 27 , ■ used i n t hi >? c a s e o f o v I se i on: A 1 2 and -ι2 .Figni ei 2b and . 2*^ .-t o i n the case of pol"gnnal se t ion's wi h morn than four . : ιde-' →2 and →4 ''Figure. £.__ ■ ,5fιij 2") u = ?,l ιi"ι tha > &- of t iangular section. Oth i em- indicated ares -ι3 (Fi gure 2'2 ) is a trans ferabl cm 1 ϊin. r , >■•> i 1 h o p e n r close top, for f ont i n f e e d of ■ 0 materi l injected by the evacuator and compacting .if same; 'it. .are tha Bi >-= of cont ainer r ι7 equi ped with hous i ng -t " " for tha ela ive oscil lation jn.idn the satin 3 of support →f ; of 111 n g e p i n -', : 20 i .a n o p e n in π, t h f r o n t w a 1 ! r I ''whi ch ti I s b- ' l* *va ε and down' of contain r 2 ' f l t I ς a I 12 fiH re* (τii with υfi t ual wall ϋ 1 ' ■ . ai opening permi ting msertic n o e v a c ua t o i o u 11 e t '2 a τι d be i n g e q u I p p e d w I t h a Ple 'ibLe star- di aph rag : 52 is the base nf contain -τ2 equipped with Four-way opening 52 for insertion of lift- i ucl for I i n the samp? 24 is a pai of adjust, -able hool s 20 at the ei r for connection to the side pins 22 in sides 46; 26 is a pair of adjustable hool s at the front for connec ion to the side pins 27' i n base 2- ? 5S i a pa 11 of coil -ρι i πgs to ensu e the conne i n between the machine tool and the ba e of he* πi*: 29 refer- n ball s rest inn •=•- o 11 In e P L O O r i o i in \ ι a a 1 r f o r t r a n -. f e r π f the o n t a i n a r -i 7 i h r e 1 a 11 i . b → s e s 6 is a t a n I* o r e s e r v o i r f o r ol lection of lubr icati g and ecu lant 1 L g u id di.c h a r g e cl f rom the container b means of a f il ter 61 'Figure Ξ° ■ in th*-* bn to of the s me - the sides o-f ≡aicl tan! . connected to the machi e tn.] - are used to guidn the wheels 2' : of f nt 3 me i ι r " and aid in≡ei t ion of ■:•"./ a cuatur en J- iece J n boJe .0" D2 J ,a mo t c r — Dump uni connected to tanl* .-0 to c f n u, e* sai i iqut'i to ! anl- 11s ," • F J O IJ r e 2 I ι L - a r. upf-m ng i n n -.if. s id- 46 ni con ai ns i τ'_> tn llow evacuator πutl 1 12 - " - '" to h= ιn = ...| ted i n ι he same'; '-.→ 'Fi gurf- 22 ) i s a further t ιρ-un <"ύ n t s L fir r , f itted wi h ba c 62 l r .co r ρo ra 11 nπ ho] ."- .'-.■_-. lor th Λ in = erti"jn in th-r aarrn-.' f outL'-t c_~ of a conv^vor v 3 '- ■ ment F ,17 ■" o n n e •: f *=• --. t → j- 1 π h. I, a n g I a t t r e c h — i n s t a I 1 e evacuator EV3; 6S is a. pair of adjustable hooks, floor- mounted, which connected to pegs 69 projected from sides 4 of " container 45? 70 is the trench, equipped with tank 71 for collection of the lubricating—coolant liquid draining - ■ from an opening in the lower part of conveyor element EC3; 72 (Figure 33) is a circual — ection longitudinal element of an evacuator EV4 whose rear end 73 es articulated to support frame 74; 75 is a drive transmission equipped with horizontal shelf 76 external and coaxial to said r ea r end 0 in order to support the rear end of a. recep ion/evacuation and conveyor screw, rotation— oupled on said circular- section longitudinal element and centered on tubular .-element 5. on the part of longitudinal housing 6 and in longitudinal element 10? 78 (Figure 34) is the shaft, of an 2> evacuator EV5 pow red by gear 79. to the ront end o which is keyed a cylindrical appendix 80 of greater diameter, to which is fixed the front end of a screw 81 which runs against the outer surface of the tubular longitudinal element 82 coaxial and external to shaft 78; S3 is a gear 0 wheel r synchronous with gear 79. to the hub of which is fixed the other end of thread 81; 84 are bearings supporting shaft 78 inside tubular element- 82; 85 (Figure 35) is a tubular element in series with the outlet of evacuator EV r ha ing cross -s ction equal (if appro riate) -- to that of part 0 of said evacuator. constant- or tapering to the front for fu th r compac ing o materi l be ore injection of the -same through the side of the container 45*? 86 (Figure 36) is a tubular elbow element for additional compacting of material before the injection of the same D into the container from below 87 (Figure 375 is a tubular elbow element for further compacting of the material before injection of the same through a. side— all 88 (Figure 38) is a tubular compacting element consituting a continuation of the housing of part 0 of evacuator EV; 89 is a tapered 5 element with its smaller end i ed to the housing at the en of shaft 3. only which is anchored a length of thread 90 having section decreasing in the axial travel direction of the material in relation the dec ease i annular outflow se I I 10 I 1 I π n O is a coil spring inserted in elbow 111 to transmit torque from screw 3 to screw 110' in correspondence with elbow 111? 115 is a motor powering inclined—axis screw 110"-, whose shaft 116 is guided by a tubular element 117 derivi 5 from the housing C of screw 3. Note tha the elements 109 and 110 may be inclined in relation to the horizontal at up to a limit of 90'"' s this may either provide access to a free disch,a.rge point or provide transfer to a compressed discharge point — in the "10 latter case, connection to a further housing may also be stalled. Note r in addition, that housing 6 may be inclined backwar and downwards r which can maintain the screw horizontal. The machine operates as follows (Figure 1). Once shaft- 3 15- crew 4 has been started, material 9 s fed by gravity on said screw 4 between sides 8 of mid-section C of evacuato EV. If said material is of a type having medium or high apparent specific volume-, as is the case in shavings of medium or long lenght r it will move forwards, tending in 0 part to "float" above the screw until it meets the funnelling element IE which favours infeed of materials into the screw housing. The material is then fed on to th lower zones of" the conveyor section, moving outside the limit " of the theoretical cylinder described by the threa 5 itself to penetrate-, as shown for example in Figure 4. in the flow ways parallel to the axis indicated in said figu with the names of the quadrants 03 and 04. Turning to the upper part of the conveyor section, the rotation of screw conveys throughout this area the material which "floats" i ϋ the flow ways marked 01 and Q2. especially in Q1 which offers a greater section to the product flow, in correlation with the screw rotation direction? this also favours the dispersal of that part of the material which would otherwise tend to be kept stationary by the circular -- movement of the shaft. As the material gradually enters- th flow ways, it meets resistance from the walls of the same which tend to brake it. The other material a ri i g rom behind:, pushed orwa d b ro f' l ru ! n O JX •B . n JX 3 o rn TJI Ci. TJ - 3 ft' 13 — ' l'l a. o JX G P •JJ JX B •Ci p ε p JJΓ B , , 3 ft' — g il -_. --, e v a c u a t o r o r c o n v e y o r . At the practical level, the materials, dimensions and details of components may be different from those indicate but- technically equivalent to the same, without therefore -- failing to fall within the juridical scope of this invention. Thus the longitudinal flow ways to the outside of the theoretical cylinder, appropriately parallel to its axis, may be provided along the evacuator only or may be extende r fully or in part, to one or more of the 10 compactors and/or conveyors which follow, depending on the type of material? moreover the shapes of the sections show in Figures 3 and 4 r from 14 to 27 and 44 may clearly be varied within the scope of this invention and the lobes indicated as 29 may also be applied to other section shape 1Ξ-- i n order to obtain flow ways with cross section in the for of arcs of a. circle-, and there may also be more or less than four of the same. Again, part- C of the evacuator coul be eliminated or considerably reduced in lenght in cases where the material will nevertheless provide an adequate ' SJ degree of compacting at the discharge point of middle section B. or when this is not- required. Finally-- hooks 56—57 could be transferrsd to side 46 of container 5.

Claims: l.l ru ro o i n same, forming a longitudinal flow-way outside saaid theoretical cylinder, while in its lower ppaarrtt iiss o...f, t_■h>.e«= s= * a«.m... shape as the cross section of the housing of the middle and rear lengths of the evacuator-, of which it is a cαntinuatiα said. front part (C) being connected to the rear and top to the side—pieces (8) of the middle section (B) fay means of an upper funnelling element (IS). 4. Machine-, in accordance with one or more of claims 2 and 3, characterised in that- the straight section of the lower housing (6) in the middle section (B) of the evacuator (EV) comprises a squared U with upper wings (7), to which is fixed the upper housing (195 having similar cross section in the form of a widened, upturned U, to form a total section in the form of a T. 5-„ Machine, in accordance with claim 4, characterised by the fact that the upper part of the T— haped cross section of the front section (C) of the evacuator (EV) presents a clearer distancing from the upper pt-art of the theoretical cylinder described by the screw in the first quadrant (Q1) in relation to the material flow direction because of a lefthand screw and clockwise rotation, providing an overall symmetric T— haped section. 6« Machine, in accordance with one- or more of claims 2 and 3- characterised by the fact that the cross section of the lower housing of the middle section (B) of the evacuator (EV) is a squar,ad ϋ—shape, the u per housing o part (0) which follows also being an upturned squared ϋ—shape, forming in this part an overall section which is more or less- square with horizontal base. 7. Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims 2 and 3, characte ised by the fact- that the cross section of the l er housing in iddle section (B) o the evacuator (EV) is a V—sha e, the upp r housing o part (0) which follows also being an uptu ne V—shape, forming i thi part .an over. ll se tion of squ red shape with a vertic l i gonal , S_ Machine, i acco dance with claims E and 3, haract ri ed by the fac hat the cross sec ion of the quadrant. (Q1) in relation to the material's direction of travel with lefthand thread screw and clockwise rotation. 13. Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims 2 an 3, characte ised by tha fact- that the cross section of the - lower housing of the middle section (B) of the evacuator (EV) comprises half an oval (39) or similar, while the uρρe-r part of the housing of part- (C) which follows is of the same shape but upturned, in order to form an overal section of oval or similar shape. 14. Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims 2 and 3, characte ised by the fact that the cross section of the lower housing of the middle section CEr) of the evacuator (EV) has a broken line perimeter, while the cros section of the upper housi-ng of part (0; which follows is - of the same -shape but upturned, providing an overall cross section in the form of , polygon with more than four sides. 15. Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims S an 3, characterised by the fact that the cross section of the lower housing of the middle section (B) of the evacuator (EV) is V—shaped, while the cross section of the upper- housing of evacuator part CO which follows has a broken line perimeter with the longest side at the top, providing an overall cross section in part CO of a triangle with it tip at the bottom. s --j . Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims 2 an 3, characterised by the fact that the cross section of the lower housing of middle section CB) of evacuator (B) has a broken line perimeter with the longest side at the bottom, while the cross section of the upper housing of evacuator part CO which follows is triangular, providing an overall cross section in part CO of a triangle with its tip at th top. 17. Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims 2 an 3, characte ised by the fact that- the screw (77) of - evacuator CEV4) is fix d at the rear to a cylindrica.1 driv ledge (76) coaxial and exterio to the rear end (73) o a longitudinal cylindrical tubular element fixed at the rear- to the frame ork (74) to which said screw is couoled so as l I.J ro ro ι.π in o tn o in —.C*-*•M,*- -* o an elbow (111) to a further similar housing (110) tilting upwards at an angle of up to 90° containing another similar screw (110 '' ) 5 the front end of " the first -screw and the end. of the second being connected fay a carda 5 joint (112). 23. Machine, in accordance with one or more of claims 2, 3 19 and 20, characterised by the fact that the end of the rtousing (O of the screw (3,4) is connected, by means of an elbow (111) to a further similar housing (110) tilting 0 upwards at an angle of up to 90° containing another simi¬ lar screw (110')s the front- end of the first- screw and the end of the second being connected by a oupli g length (113) in flexible steel or plastic. 24. Machine, i accordance with one or more of claims 2, 5* 3, 19 -and 20, characterised by the fact that the end of the housing CO of the screw (3,4) is connected, by means of an elbow (111) to a further similar housing (110) tilting upwardas at an angle of up to 90° containing another -similar screw (110' ). the front end of the first 0 screw ar.d the end of the second being connected by a coi¬ led spring joint (114). 2:5. Plant, implementing the method described in claim 1, characterised by the fact that it includes at least one tubular elbow material—compactor element (86, 87) in se- 3 ties with the outlet- of an eva.cua.tor or a conveyor and having a section which is the conti uation of the same. 26. Plant, implementing the method described in claim 1. characterised by the fact that- it i equipped with at- lea.st one straight tubular compactor element inserted at U any point in the route followed by the material, in con¬ tinuation of the outlet- of an evacuator. 27- Plant, impl me ti g the method described in claim 1, cha acterised by he f ct that i is equipped. with at l ast one tubular elbow compactor element inserted at- • 5 any point- in the route followed, by the material in continuation of the outlet- of an evacuator and leading in any direction. 28. Plant, imolemeπtinα the method described in claim 1, the fact that- it is of tip-up type and t ansfer-able, with open or closed top- and equipped, on the b-ase (52) with a number of ways (5-3) suitably connected to the base of the machine generating the material for transfer, with a pair of sides (46). with front (51) tilting backwards nd downwards., with vertical back (51 ' > r and with base (65); each sid.e being equipped with housing (47) allowing movement- in relation to the same of the support (48) of hinge—pin (49)? said container, resting on the ground by means of wheels (59) and with opening in the base to allow he dra.iπ,a.ge out of any liquids, can be anchored to the base (52) , while the latter can be anchored to the base of the rrua.chine referred to above; this obtained by means of respective pairs of removable hooks. 34. Plant, in accordance with claim 33 r characte ised by the fact that the outlet of the evacuator or the conveyor element is inserted in the inclined front (51) of the container (45) through a hole (50) equipped with star-type f1 aib1e dia * h agm. aph agm. 36. Plant-, in a ordance wi h cl im 33. characte ised by the fact that the outlet of the evacuator or the convevor inserted in th containe (45) through -a. hole (66) i the base (65). 37. lant, i a ordance with claim 33. characterised by the fact that b eath the base of the containe (45) and -aligned with the central part of the same is installed, at ound l vel, a long tudinal tank or r servoir (605 for collection and recycling of the liquid associated with the mateπal. aligned betωeen the wheels f 0 "' of the cnnt-:,ιne ll sel f . 33. Plant, implementing the method d c ibed in cl im 1. character ised by the act, that, e; tonding abnva and beIow → ground, it coπipri ses orie ηio e ev→cuatorT ( EO • suppi i ed with bull* mater lal . Q.r nf one f which feeds ,:> cnnveyor element ( EC ) located at 90° oi at another angle ' 110 110' 115 ) , which may in its turn b -iimilarly connected tu o1h p cofi eyor el πients. and so on, with or without the* insertio 1 o cu p- ctor e Le en1 «- s in case of nbst,acJ e=> an / < ■ •r c-j,cess i lenghts, two conveyors ' E'J i will be connected )τ- a shnrt i nter i ufitlng cross- lement ( EPT)« 29. Plant, according to claim , characteri ed b* the fac that iT incorporates thp injection of the m.a1.,ari"tl Le,avιrιg 15 the outlet of an evacuator (E'*' > o r a conveyor (EC * into a compactor container \ 5 ) , oi thμ gravity-fall of the compacted material into a contamei of any 1 ind ( 105',- whi may be s lf-propelled. 0. Plant, implementing the method described in claim 1, 2.0 characterised by the fact th,at, above all in thi' ca-:?- of granular or powdery materials, or those of all 1 i nds havi .malt particle si - th-"* cross-section of thn- housing. For the conveyor element .EC> and for anv compactor element ?,, rc lar : Lt i r, aI -.o r i i cu1 ar tor the outle s- ■ tJ on "7 o 35 t ns evacuate;"- EV) . while for the middle section ' 6 ■ it i<= i?rnι cii rul ar wJ th di e ging sides 'fl'.

Inventors: SOAVI FABIO, SOAVI, FABIO
Applicants: GOVONI TRASPORTATORI, TRASPORTATORI GOVONI S.R.L.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B65G33
IPC codes: B23Q11, B30B9, B65G33