Automatic power transmission with mechanism for establishing under-drive speed ratio and bearing structure therefor

Abstract: An automatic power transmission includes a clutch drum (1) integrally connected with an one-way clutch (RDCN O.W.C) is fixed to a support (5) secured on a transmission casing (K₂) so that each one bearing (6,7) is required for supporting the clutch drum (1) and the one-way clutch. A sun gear (S₃) is also supported by means of a single bearing (2) and is integrally formed with a spline (9a) which is loosely engageable with a spline (1a) of the clutch drum (1) so that the radial force may not act in the spline engagement while an engine output torque is transmitted therethrough.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to an automatic power transmission for an automotive vehicle. More specifically, the invention relates to an automatic power transmission with a mechanism for establishing an under-drive speed ratio which is lower than a first speed ratio. Further particularly, the invention relates to an automatic power transmission including a structure for rotatably supporting friction elements and control element in an under-drive mechanism, according to the preamble of the single claim. Field of the Invention An automatic power transmission with a subsidiary transmission unit has been disclosed in Japanese Patent First (unexamined) Publication (Tokkai) Showa JP-A-61-79068. The shown transmission includes a primary transmission unit and a subsidiary transmission unit. The subsidiary transmission has an additional planetary gear set which includes a ring gear supported on a subsidiary shaft and a pinion carrier receiving input force via the ring gear. A clutch drum is also provided for establishing engagement between the pinion carrier and a sun gear. The clutch drum includes a friction element engageable with the sun gear and another friction element for fixing or anchoring the sun gear onto a subsidiary transmission casing via the clutch drumm and an one-way clutch provided in parallel relationship with the friction elements. The sun gear is supported on an output shaft via a pair of bearings. The clutch drum is integrally formed with the inner race of the one-way clutch and is supported on a support via a pair of bearings. In addition, a pair of end bearings are provided for centering the outer race of the one-way clutch. A spline member is separately formed from the sun gear, which spline member firmly engages with the spline section of the clutch drum. With such construction, the pair of bearings becomes necessary for supporting the sun gear on the output shaft so as to prevent swaying of the sun gear and the drum support when the input force is active on the interengaging spline sections. Furthermore, since the long needle bearing cannot be used for supporting the sun gear because of high possibility of seizuring, a plurality of bearing becomes necessary. Therefore, too many bearings employed in the subsidiary transmission may result in high friction for causing power loss. Furthermore, great number of parts makes the assembling process complicate and costful. From US-A-4,716,786 an automatic power transmission according to the preamble of the single claim is known including a plurality of planetary gear sets for establishing predetermined speed ratios, each planetary gear set including a ring gear, a pinion carrier, and a sun gear interposed between said ring gear and said pinion carrier, said ring gear being driven by input torque and said pinion carrier forming output of driving torque, each of said planetary gear sets being associated with a clutch drum which is, in turn, associated with a one-way clutch for locking said sun gear onto a transmission casing, a support structure for at least one planetary gear set comprising: a first bearing supporting said sun gear on an output shaft, said one-way clutch being provided with an outer race, and an inner race, said inner race being connected to said casing, and said outer race being connected to said clutch drum, a second bearing supporting said clutch drum at an orientation in the vicinity of said sun gear and remote from said inner race, a third bearing supporting said outer race of said one-way clutch, said third bearing being cooperated with said second bearing for centering said outer race, wherein said sun gear can be braked to constitute a reaction member or can be connected to said pinion carrier through a clutch. From FR-A-2 283 364 there is also known an automatic power transmission in which the inner race of the one-way clutch is fixed relative to the housing. One problem of the prior art teachings is that one shaft should be supported on three bearings, this renders the automatic transmission of the above-identified prior art complicated and bulky. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an automatic transmission for a motor vehicle which comprises a simplified supporting structure for a rotary element or elements, a friction element in an automotive power transmission. According to the present invention, there is provided inter alia a first spline member which is integrally formed with said clutch drum, a second spline member, which is integrally formed with said sun gear, and means are provided for absorbing axial and radial force to be exerted on said first and second spline members interengaging to each other when the engine output torque is transmitted therethrough, wherein said force absorbing means establishes spline engagement with said first spline member with axial and radial play. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given herebelow and from the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiment of the invention, which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiment but are for explanation and understanding only. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a section of the preferred embodiment of a power transmission according to the present invention, which employs primary and subsidiary transmission units for providing capability of selecting of transmission speed ratio over five forward drive speed ratio including under-drive speed ratio lower than a first speed ratio; Fig. 2 is an enlarged section of the subsidiary transmission unit in the preferred embodiment of the power transmission; Fig. 3 is a skelton diagram of the preferred embodiment of the power transmission of Fig. 1 ; Fig. 4 is a chart showing active components in the automatic power transmission of Fig. 1 , which components are associated to the train of power for establishing respective speed ratios; and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a hydraulic shift control unit in the preferred embodiment of the automatic power transmission according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to the drawings, particularly to Figs. 1 through 3, the preferred embodiment of on automatic power transmission for an automotive power train, according to the present invention, is designed for establishing five forward drive speed ratio and a single reverse drive gear ratios, which five forward drive speed ratio includes the lowest first speed ratio, a second speed ratio, third speed ratio, fourth speed ratio, and, in addition, an under-drive speed ratio lower than the first speed ratio. The automatic power transmission is further shiftable to P (parking) range position, R(reverse) range position and N (neutral) range position. The shown embodiment of the power transmission will be represented by the reference sign "A". The automatic power transmission A includes a primary transmission unit A₁ and a subsidiary transmission unit A₂. The primary transmission unit A₁ provides capability of selection of speed ratio for first to fourth forward drive speed ratio, P range, R range and N range. On the other hand, the subsidiary transmission unit A₂ provides the under-drive speed ratio. The automatic power transmission in the shown embodiment, includes a torque converter T/C associated with an output shaft of an internal combustion engine via an input shaft I/S. The torque converter T/C includes a lock-up mechanism for establishing lock-up. The torque converter T/C is housed within a converter casing which is rigidly secured to a casing K₁ of the primary transmission unit A₁. Also, the subsidiary transmission unit A₂ has a casing K₂ connected to the primary transmission casing K₁ in alignment. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the primary transmission unit housed within the primary transmission casing K₁ includes an input or turbine shaft I/S connected to the output shaft of an automotive internal combustion engine as a prime mover, via a torque converter T/C. The primary transmission unit A₁ also includes an intermediate shaft M/S for transmitting driving torque to a final drive. The torque converter T/C has a pump impeller, a turbine runner and a stator. The pump impeller is connected to the engine output shaft. On the other hand, the turbine runner is connected to the input shaft I/S. The pump impeller is also connected to an oil pump for driving the latter. Between the input shaft I/S and the intermediate shaft M/S, a first planetary gear set PG₁, a second planetary gear set PG₂, a reverse clutch R/C, a high clutch H/C, a forward clutch FWD/C, an overrun clutch OVR/C, low-and-reverse brake L&R/B, a band brake B/B, low one-way clutch LOW O.W.C and forward one-way clutch FWD O.W.C. The torque converter incorporates a lock-up clutch. On the other hand, the first planetary gear set PG₁ includes sun gear S₁, a ring gear R₁, a pinion P₁ and a carrier PC₁ supporting the planetary gear. The second planetary gear set PG₂ includes a sun gear S₂, a ring gear R₂, a pinion P₂ and a carrier PC₂ supporting the pinion. The carrier PC₁ supporting the pinion P₁ is so designed as to be connectively associated with the input shaft I/S via a high clutch H/C. The carrier PC₁ is also connected to the ring gear R₂ of the second planetary gear set PG₂ via a forward clutch FWD/C and a forward one-way clutch FWD O.W.C. which is coupled with the forward clutch in series, or in the alternative, via the forward clutch FWD/C and a overrun clutch OVR/C which is provided in parallel to the forward one-way clutch FWD O.W.C. The carrier PC₁ is adapted to be anchored by a low and reverse brake L&R/B and its reverse rotation is prevented by the low one-way clutch LOW O.W.C. The sun gear S₁ of the first planetary gear set PG₁ is so designed as to be connectively associated with the input shaft I/S via a reverse clutch R/C. The sun gear S₂ of the second planetary gear set PG₂ is constantly connected to the input shaft I/S. The ring gear R₁ of the first planetary gear set PG₁ and the carrier PC₂ of the second planetary gear set PG₂ are constantly connected to the intermediate shaft M/S. The ring gear R₁ is integrally connected with the carrier PC₂ of the second planetary gear set PG₂. The sun gear S₂ of the second planetary gear set PG₂ connected to the input shaft I/S. The ring gear R₂ is connectively associated with the carrier PC₁ via the overrun clutch OVR/C. In order to establish a predetermined drive relation, the forward one-way clutch FWD O.W.C and the forward clutch FWD/C are arranged between the carrier PC₁ and the ring gear R₂ of the second planetary gear set 16. Engagement of the forward clutch FWD/C causes the forward one-way clutch FWD O.W.C. to connect the ring gear R₂ with the carrier PC₁ in the reverse rotational direction. A low and reverse brake L&R/B can fix the carrier PC₁. On the other hand, a band brake B/B can fix the sun gear S₁. A low one-way clutch LOW O.W.C. permits rotation of the carrier PC₁ in a forward direction (same direction to the rotating direction of the engine intermediate shaft M/S) and prevents the carrier PC₁ from rotating in reverse direction (opposite to the rotating direction in forward direction). On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the subsidiary transmission unit A₂ includes a third planetary gear set PG₃ which includes a sun gear S₃, a ring gear R₃, a pinion P₃ and a pinion carrier PC₃. The third planetary gear set PG₃ of the subsidiary transmission unit A₂ is housed within the subsidiary transmission casing K₂. A direct clutch D/C, a reduction brake RDCN/B and a reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. are also housed within the subsidiary transmission casing K₂. The reduction brake RDCN/B is arranged in parallel relationship with the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. The ring gear R₃ is rigidly connected to the intermediate shaft M/S for co-rotation therewith. On the other hand, the sun gear S₃ is radially supported on an output shaft O/S via a sun gear bearing 2. The sun gear S₃ is associated with the reduction brake RDCN/B so that it can be locked on the subsidiary transmission casing K₂ when the latter is applied. The sun gear S₃ is connectable with the pinion carrier Pc₁ via the direct clutch D/C which has a clutch drum 1 provided for co-rotation with the sun gear S₃. The clutch drum 1 of the direct clutch D/C is associated with the reduction brake RDCN/B for locking the sun gear S₃ onto the subsidiary transmission casing. On the other hand, the sun gear S₃ is associated with the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. for to be permitted rotation in forward direction and prevented rotation in the reverse direction. The reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. has a outer race 3 is rigidly fixed to the clutch drum 1 of the direct clutch D/C. On the other hand, the inner race 4 of the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. is integrally formed with a support 5. The end portion of the clutch drum 1, which end portion is oriented in the vicinity of the sun gear S₃, is supported by means of a drum bearing 6. On the other hand, the free end of the outer race 3 is supported by means of an end bearing 7. The clutch drum 1 has the end bent radially inward and formed with spline section 1a. An attachment plate 8 is secured on the radially extended section of the clutch drum 1. The attachment plate 8 has the splined radial inner end 8a. The sun gear S₃ has a helical gear teeth 9 with a spline section 9a which is formed integrally with the helical gear teeth. Both of the splined radial inner ends 1a and 8a engage with the spline section 9a with a play in axial and radial directions. In Fig. 2, reference numeral 10 and 11 denote thrust bearings, 12 denotes clutch hub formed integrally with the pinion carrier PC₃ of the third planetary gear set PG₃, 13 denotes a parking gear integrally formed with the pinion carrier PC₃, 14 is a clutch piston, 15 denotes a return spring, 16 denotes a brake piston, 17 denotes a return spring, 18 denote a bolt for securing the support 5 onto the subsidiary transmission casing K₂. In the subsidiary transmission unit A₂, the rotary elements which are required to be supported by means of bearings are the sun gear S₃, the clutch drum 1 and the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. As set forth, the outer race 3 of the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. is rigidly secured to the clutch drum 1, and the inner race of the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. is secured to the support 5 attached to the subsidiary transmission casing K₂. Therefore, the clutch drum 1 associated with the outer race 3 can be supported with respect to the support 5. Also, centering of the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. can be done with respect to one side. Therefore, the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. also can be supported at one side. Therefore, in the shown construction, the bearings 6 and 7 can perform equivalent supporting performance to a pair of bearings required for the clutch drum and a pair of end bearings required for centering the outer race of the reduction one-way clutch in the prior art. In addition, since the play in radial and axial direction is provided between the spline section 9a axially extending from the sun gear S₃ and the spline section 1a of the clutch drum 1 of the clutch drum 1, radial direction force may not act on the interengaging spline sections when the engine output power is transmitted therethrough. Therefore, sun gear S₃ can be supported by means of a sole bearing 2. Furthermore, since the sun gear S₃ is independent of the clutch drum 1 and the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C., accuracy required in assembling and machining the the clutch drum 1 and the reduction one-way clutch RDCN O.W.C. becomes lower. The power train as set forth above is selectable of power transmission mode by combination of the states of one or more friction elements, i.e. the reverse clutch R/C, the high clutch H/C, forward clutch FWD/C, the overrun clutch OVR/C, the low and reverse brake L&R/B and the band brake B/B, to establish various modes of operation of the components of S₁, S₂, S₃, R₁, R₂, R₃, PC₁, PC₂ and PC₃ of the first, second and third planetary gear sets PG₁, PG₂ and PG₃. With the various modes of operation of the components of the first, second and third planetary gear sets PG₁, PG₂ and PG₃, rotation speed at the intermediate shaft M/S versus of the rotation speed at the input shift I/S is varied at various rates. Active components at respective operational modes of the transmission are illustrated In Fig. 4. In the table of Fig. 4, gear ratios of sun gears S₁, S₂ and S₃ versus the ring gears R₁, R₂ and R₃. By combination of the gear ratios, the ratio of rotation of the output shaft O/S versus the rotation speed of the input shaft I/S is determined. The hydraulic system of the shown automatic power transmission, as shown in Fig. 5, is provided hydraulic pressure controlling operation of respective friction elements. The hydraulic system includes a pressure regulator valve 40, a pressure modifier valve 42, a line pressure solenoid 44, a modifier pressure accumulator valve 46, an accumulater shift valve 47, a pilot valve 48, a torque converter relief valve 50, a lock-up control valve 52, a lock-up solenoid 56, a manual selector valve 58, a first shift valve 60, a second shift valve 62, a first shift solenoid 64, a second shift solenoid 66, a 3-2 timing valve 70, a 5-2 relay valve 72, a 5-2 sequence valve 74, a first range reducing valve 76, a shuttle shift valve 78, an overrun clutch control valve 80, an overrun clutch solenoid 82, an overrun clutch reducing valve 84, a reducing timing valve 85, a N-D accumulator 86, a 2-3 accumulator 88, a 3-4 accumulator 90, 1-2 accumulator valve and piston 92, an accumulator control valve 94 and a strainer 96. These shift control components in the hydraulic circuit are essentially the same or similar construction and perform essentially the same or similar functions as that done by the components in an automatic power transmission known as NISSAN Full-Range Automatic Power Transmission Type RE4R01A. The construction of the hydraulic circuits and function of circuit components have been disclosed in the United States Patent US-A-4,680,992, issued on July 21, 1987, to Hayasaki et al. and from "Nissan Full-Range Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission Service Manual", published by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., on March, 1987. Furthermore, Japanese Patent First (unexamined) Publication (Tokkai) Showa JP-A-82-62047 also discloses the hydraulic circuit similar to that illustrated in Fig. 3. In addition to the components set forth above, a 4-5 accumulator 98 and a reduction brake accumulator 100 are provided. The shown circuit structure has been somewhat modified from that disclosed in the above-identified publication in some aspect. The modified hydraulic circuit has been disclosed in Service Manual No. 626 (YA1-3, YA1B) "NISSAN CEDRIC, GLORIA, Introduction to Modification of Y31 type series" pages C-22 to C-35, issued in June, 1989, by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. The pressure regulator valve 40 adjusts a line pressure by modulating the source pressure from the oil pump depending upon a driving condition. The pressure modifier valve 42 serves for assisting the pressure regulator valve 40 and adjusts signal pressure (modifier pressure) for providing adjusting line pressure depending upon the driving condition. The modifier accumulator valve 46 removes pulsation of the line pressure by smoothing the pressure modifier pressure supplied from the pressure modifier valve 42. The pilot valve 48 produces a pilot pressure for controlling line pressure, lock-up of torque converter, overrun clutch, 3-2 timing valve and so forth. The accumulator control valve 94 controls back pressure according to the driving condition. The manual selector valve 58 is associated with a manually operable selector lever and shiftable according to selector lever position for selectively distributing the line pressure for corresponding friction elements set forth above. The first and second shift valves 60 and 62 are associated with the first shift solenoid 64 for simultaneously switching connection of three lines for controlling shifting operation between first, second, third and fourth speed ratios through both the second chamber and a fourth speed servo apply chamber. With this construction, when second speed pressure is supplied to the second speed servo apply chamber, the band brake (B/B) 28 is applied; when the third speed pressure is supplied to the third speed servo release chamber, the band brake is released; and when the fourth speed pressure is supplied to the fourth speed servo apply chamber, the band brake is applied. The shuttle valve selectively provides pressure for 3-2 timing control and overrun clutch control depending upon accelerator position. Furthermore, the second shuttle valve further disables the overrun clutch for prevention of interlocking at fourth speed ratio while a throttle valve open angle is large. The overrun clutch control valve 80 serves for switching lines in order to prevent the overrun clutch from being activated while the band brake is active at the fourth speed ratio. The 4-2 relay valve 72 stores the state of driving at the fourth speed ratio and cooperates with the 4-2 sequence valve and the first and second shift valves for preventing fourth speed ratio to third speed ratio upon 4-2 down-shifting. The 4-2 sequence valve 74 prevents the band servo pressure from being drained during 4-2 shifting operation until the high clutch operating pressure and the band servo release pressure is being drained. The servo charger valve 68 is active at the third and fourth speed ratios for supplying band servo operating pressure for second speed ratio for enabling 4-2 and 3-2 down-shifting. The 3-2 timing valve 70 temporarily provides a neutral state for providing a delay for draining of band servo release upon 3-2 down-shifting when the vehicular speed is higher than a predetermined speed. The overrun clutch reducing valve 84 reduces operating pressure for the overrun clutch for reducing shock it initiation of engine braking. The torque converter release valve 50 prevents the torque converter pressure from becoming excessive. The lock-up control valve 52 controls lock-up activated state and deactivated state for providing smooth transition. In the shown construction, an apply chamber and a release chamber are defined in the torque converter T/C in order to control the state of the lock-up clutch. Namely, when the fluid pressure is supplied to the release chamber, the lock-up clutch is released and when the fluid pressure is supplied to the apply chamber, lock-up clutch is engaged for establishing lock-up condition. The band brake B/B defines a second speed servo apply chamber, a third speed servo release chamber and a fourth speed servo apply chamber. With this construction, when second speed pressure is supplied to the second speed servo apply chamber, the band brake B/B is applied; when the third speed pressure is supplied to the third speed servo release chamber, the band brake is released; and when the fourth speed pressure is supplied to the fourth speed servo apply chamber, the band brake is applied. In addition to the components set forth above, the shown embodiment of the hydraulic circuit of the automatic power transmission incorporates a variable displacement vane-type oil pump 34 associated with a feedback accumulator 32. The hydraulic circuit further comprises an oil cooler 36, a front side lubricant line 37 and a back side lubricant line 38. With the shown construction of the hydraulic circuit, the transmission can be operated to various range positions as illustrated in Fig. 4. Though the shown embodiment is directed to the supporting structure of the sun gear and other elements in the subsidiary transmission, the similar construction may be applicable for supporting sun gear and associated elements in the over-drive mechanism (4th range) of the primary transmission. Furthermore, the similar supporting structure may be applicable for a laterally mounted type transmission which has parallel shafts.

Claims: An automatic power transmission including a plurality of planetary gear sets PG₁, PG₂, PG₃), for establishing predetermined speed ratios, each planetary gear set (PG1, PG2, PG3) including a ring gear (R₁, R₂, R₃), a pinion carrier (PC₁, PC₂, PC₃), and a sun gear (S₁, S₂, S₃) interposed between said ring gear (R₁, R₂, R₃) and said pinion carrier (PC₁, PC₂, PC₃), said ring gear (R1, R2, R3) being driven by input torque and said pinion carrier (PC1, PC2, PC3) forming output of driving torque, each of said planetary gear sets (PG1, PG2, PG3) being associated with a clutch drum (1) which is, in turn, associated with a one-way clutch (OWC) for locking said sun gear (S1, S2, S3) onto a transmission casing (K₁, K₂), a support structure for at least one planetary gear set (PG1, PG2, PG3) comprising: a first bearing supporting said sun gear (S3) on an output shaft; a second bearing (6) supporting said clutch drum (1) at an orientation in the vicinity of said sun gear (S3) and remote from said inner race (4); a third bearing supporting said outer race (3) of said one-way clutch (OWC), said third bearing being cooperated with said second bearing for centering said outer race (3), wherein said sun gear (S3) can be braked to constitute a reaction member or can be connected to said pinion carrier (PC1, PC2, PC3) through a clutch, characterized in that said one-way clutch (OWC) is provided with an outer race (3), and an inner race (4), said inner race (4) being connected to said casing (K₁, K₂), and said outer race (3) being connected to said clutch drum (1); and in that a first spline member (1a) is integrally formed with said clutch drum (1), a second spline member (9a) is integrally formed with said sun gear (S3) and means are provided for absorbing axial and radial force to be exerted on said first and second spline members (1a, 9a) interengaging to each other when the engine output torque is transmitted therethrough, wherein said force absorbing means establishes spline engagement with said first spline member (1a) with axial and radial play.

Inventors: HATTORI NOBORU, IWANAGA KAZUYOSHI, UMEBAYASHI SHIGETO, HATTORI, NOBORU, IWANAGA, KAZUYOSHI, UMEBAYASHI, SHIGETO
Applicants: JATCO CORP, NISSAN MOTOR, JATCO CORPORATION, NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: F16H3
IPC codes: F16H3, F16H57, B60K17