Scroll apparatus control

Abstract: A scroll-type machine (12, 14) having a control arrangement (43, 42, 50) which acts to disable the electric motor (12) of the machine when there is an abnormal pressure in one of the scroll fluid pockets, thereby preventing damage to the machine upon reverse rotation or low system charge.

Description: This invention relates generally to scroll compressors and more particularly to a control arrangement therefor for sensing low system gas charge and/or a reverse rotation condition. Scroll machines generally comprise first and second scroll members, each comprising an end plate which is provided with an upstanding spiral wrap. The scroll members are interleaved, with the flanks of the wraps engaging one another at substantially line contacts and the tips of each wrap sealingly engaging the end plate of the other scroll member so as to define travelling pockets of varying volume in which gas is compressed as one scroll member is caused to orbit relative to the other. Suction gas is communicated to the outermost compression chamber near the radially outward-most portion of the wraps and discharged through a discharge port centrally of the wraps. A motorized drive mechanism causes the orbiting scroll to orbit thereby decreasing the volume of the pockets and increasing the pressure of the compressed gas as it is progressively moved towards the discharge port. Exemplary of such an apparatus is US-A-4767293 entitled "Scroll Type Machine", the disclosure thereof being specifically incorporated herein by reference. When a scroll machine works as a compressor, the pockets are pressurized thereby causing the scroll members to be forced apart, however when orbited in the reverse direction the machine acts as a vacuum pump and therefore the scroll members are drawn together. The latter can be caused when the motor is improperly wired, or by a power interrupt, and the resulting vacuum can cause damage to the scroll members because of the excessive wear which occurs. The possibly destructive vacuum condition can also occur when a serviceman runs the compressor with the suction blocked, a not uncommon occurrence. Another condition which can result in excessive wear is a loss of charge particularly in a refrigerant compressor, which results from the installation of insufficient refrigerant into the system or from refrigerant leakage. US-A-4672231 discloses a pressure sensing and control apparatus for use in connection with a piston type refrigerant compressor. The apparatus senses whether or not sufficient lubricating pressure exists by sensing the difference in pressure between the output of an oil pump and the crankcase of the compressor. The apparatus is arranged to deenergize the compressor motor when the lubricating pressure is insufficient, to prevent undue wear and possible seizure of the compressor. The apparatus is however not sensitive to a possibly destructive vacuum condition of the type described above in relation to scroll-type machines. According to the present invention there is provided a scroll machine comprising: (a) a scroll assembly comprising a pair of scroll members, each including an end plate and an upstanding spiral wrap, said spiral wraps intermeshing with one another so as to define a plurality of pockets whereby orbiting of one scroll member with respect to the other scroll member will cause said pockets to progressively change in volume; (b) means defining an inlet chamber for supplying inlet fluid to said scroll assembly; (c) drive means for causing one of said scroll members to orbit with respect to the other scroll member; and (d) control means responsive to a control pressure for deenergizing said drive means when said pressure is of a value indicating an undesirable machine condition, said control pressure being the pressure of fluid in one of said pockets. There is thus provided a scroll machine with a control means which is capable of overcoming the problems of continued running of the machine in the above-mentioned possibly destructive vacuum condition. Furthermore, the control is both simple and inexpensive and does not result in a significant loss of machine efficiency. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figures 1 and 2 are schematic horizontal cross-sectional views of a portion of a scroll compressor assembly including a pair of intermeshed scroll members, illustrated at two different stages of compression, the view being taken from the middle of the assembly and looking toward the non-orbiting scroll member; and Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a control arrangement which can be used in conjunction with the sensing means of the present invention in order to deenergize the compressor when there is a loss of refrigerant charge or a vacuum is being generated. Although the principles of the present invention may be applied to many different types of scroll machine, they are described herein for exemplary purposes embodied in a hermetic scroll-type compressor, and particularly one which has been found to have specific utility in the compression of refrigerant for air conditioning, heat pump and/or refrigeration systems. A hermetic scroll compressor 10 comprises a shell (not shown) for enclosing a driving electric motor 12 connected by a crankshaft (not shown) to a scroll assembly 14 comprising a pair of interleaved scroll members 16 and 18 including end plates 17 and 19 having respective spiral wraps 20 and 22 projecting therefrom. In the illustration shown, scroll members 16 and 18 are, respectively, non-orbiting and orbiting. The scroll members receive refrigerant gas at radially outward suction inlets 24 and discharge the refrigerant through a discharge port 26 in end plate 17. The crankshaft is operative to drive one of the scroll members in an orbit relative to the other scroll member, i.e. orbiting scroll member 18, such that the wraps define a plurality of sealed compression pockets or chambers, such as pockets 30 and 31, which travel along a spiralling path generally radially inwardly while the volume of the pocket is progressively decreased, thereby compressing the fluid therein. A compressor of this type, to which the invention is applicable is fully disclosed in assignee's aforementioned patent. Except for the sensing means of the present invention the scroll machine is in all ways of known design and operation. Figure 1 shows a position wherein outward radial tip 32 at the end of the non-orbiting scroll wrap 20 has just sealed a compression chamber 33 which extends around to approximately point A . A similar outward radial tip 34 at the end of wrap 22 has just sealed against wrap 20. Figure 2 shows the scroll assembly 180° crank angle later wherein the inner tip 36 of orbiting scroll wrap 22 is ready to separate from wrap 20 and place the fluid in compression chamber 31 in communication with discharge opening 26, the beginning of chamber 31 being indicated at point B . The outward radial tips 32 and 34 allow a new charge of refrigerant to be received in compressor assembly 14. Further orbiting of scroll member 18 will cause continuing discharge in the usual manner. In accordance with this invention, a unique arrangement is provided for sensing an internal chamber pressure in scroll machine and, depending on the application, disabling the driving motor so that the compressor cannot be operated if the pressure indication is above or below a predetermined value. In this regard, either absolute chamber pressure or the differential between the chamber pressure and suction pressure can be sensed. Referring to the drawings, a pressure sensing port 40 is located in end plate 17 in a position to sense the pressure in chamber 30. Port 40 is preferably located just inwardly of point A because that is where the maximum vacuum will be developed in a reverse rotation situation, and yet is a point which will never see suction pressure. Port 40 can be located further angularly inwardly if desired, such as to increase response time, but cannot be located further inwardly than point B because it should never see discharge pressure. Preferably the port is located in the range between approximately 10° inwardly of point A and approximately 10° outwardly of point B . This places the port in a range slightly more than 360° from the inner and outer ends of wrap 20. An electrical output pressure sensor 42 is provided which, depending on the application, is responsive to the absolute pressure in chamber 30 via a tube 43 and fitting 44, connected to end plate 17 in fluid communication with port 40; or to the differential pressure between port 40 and suction pressure via a tube 46 in communication suction line 48 (for example). A line circuit breaker 50 is electrically connected to motor 12 and receives a signal, from the pressure sensor 42. Should the signal be of a value indicating that the pressure in chamber 30 is below a predetermined value, then the circuit breaker will act to disable the electrical connection to motor 12. If during compressor operation the absolute pressure of pocket 30 goes below a predetermined value (determined by the application), then the compressor is either running backwards or the system is low on refrigerant charge. If the measured pressure is lower than suction pressure during compressor operation, then the compressor is running backwards. The predetermined value is a matter of choice, but is preferably less than the minimum pressure normally encountered under design operating conditions. In the case of the compressor running backwards, the normal discharge valve or discharge flow check valve on the scroll machine will prevent backflow into the compressor as refrigerant in the pockets is forced out through the normal suction openings of the compressor due to reverse rotation. As a result, the internal volume of the compressor between point A on the wrap and the discharge check valve will be quickly evacuated to a very low pressure, certainly a pressure below suction pressure and also below any pressure the system would normally experience. Thus, an abnormally low chamber pressure can be used to detect reverse rotation of the compressor. With regard to sensing low charge in the system (i.e., inadequate refrigerant being supplied by inlet 24 to the scroll assembly), a low system charge will result in abnormally low suction pressure during compressor operation. Compressing an abnormally low suction pressure results in an abnormally low pressure in chamber 30. Thus, sensing a chamber pressure below some preset value which is below a normally expected pressure level in the chamber would indicate a low system charge.

Claims: A scroll machine, comprising: (a) a scroll assembly (14) comprising a pair of scroll members (16, 18), each including an end plate (17, 19) and an upstanding spiral wrap (20, 22), said spiral wraps intermeshing with one another so as to define a plurality of pockets (30, 31) whereby orbiting of one scroll member with respect to the other scroll member will cause said pockets to progressively change in volume; (b) means defining an inlet chamber (24) for supplying inlet fluid to said scroll assembly; and (c) drive means (12) for causing one of said scroll members to orbit with respect to the other scroll member; characterised in that the machine further comprises: (d) control means (40, 42, 50) responsive to a control pressure for deenergizing said drive means when said pressure is of a value indicating an undesirable machine condition, said control pressure being the pressure of fluid in one of said pockets. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control pressure is sensed at a point (40) on a scroll member which is more than 360 degrees from the outer end of the wrap (20) which defines the outside of said one of said pockets (30). A scroll machine as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said control pressure is sensed at a point (40) which never sees inlet pressure. A scroll machine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, further comprising means defining an outlet port (26) for discharging fluid from said machine, where said control pressure is sensed at a point (40) which never sees discharged fluid at outlet pressure. A scroll machine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein each said pocket (30, 31) moves from a first open condition in which it receives inlet fluid to a closed condition in which the pressure of the fluid therein changes with pocket volume, and then to a second open condition in which fluid is discharged. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein said control pressure is sensed at a point (40) in said pocket just after said pocket closes. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein said point (40) is approximately 10 degrees after said pocket closes. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein said control pressure is sensed at a point (40) in said pocket just before said pocket opens to said second open condition. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein said point (40) is approximately 10 degrees before said pocket opens. A scroll machine as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said control means (40, 42, 50) is arranged to deenergize said drive means (12) when said control pressure drops below a predetermined value. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 10, wherein said predetermined value is slightly less than the minimum pressure expected in said one of said pockets under normal operating conditions. A scroll machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said control means (40, 42, 50) also senses inlet pressure, said control pressure being the pressure differential between the pressure of fluid in said one of said pockets and said inlet pressure. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein said control means (40, 42, 50) is arranged to deenergize said drive means (12) when said control pressure is slightly less than the minimum pressure differential expected under normal operating conditions. A scroll machine as claimed in claim 12, wherein said control means (40, 42, 50) is arranged to deenergize said drive means when said control pressure is approximately zero pressure differential. A scroll machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said control pressure is slightly less than the minimum pressure expected in said one of said pockets under normal operating conditions. A scroll machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said machine is a gas compressor and said control means (40, 42, 50) is arranged to deenergize said drive means (12) when said compressor is generating a vacuum. A scroll machine as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said machine is a gas compressor adapted to be used in a closed system and said control means (40, 42, 50) is arranged to deenergize said drive means (12) when there is a loss of system gas charge.

Inventors: GRIFFITH RUSSELL WILLIAM, GRIFFITH, RUSSELL WILLIAM
Applicants: COPELAND CORP, COPELAND CORPORATION
Application year: 1989
Main classification: F04C29
IPC codes: F04C18, F04C28, F04B49