Compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator

Abstract: A filter press type compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator comprises first and second press plates 20, 22 which can be brought into face-to-­ face abutment around a pair of filter cloths 32. The face of each press plate is recessed 42, 142, the recess 42 of one being lined with an electrically insulating flexible diaphragm 46 containing an embedded metal core plate 68 connected to one pole of a DC power source. Conductors 70 project from the core plate through the diaphragm and support a plurality of divided flush carbon electrode plates 76. The recess 142 of the other press plate contains an electrode plate 176 connected to the other pole of the DC power source. The divided electrode plates 76 have the advantage over a single electrode plate that they are subject to more even pressures and are less liable to break, and that the electrical pathways to the electrodes are shorter and equalized.

Description: This invention relates to a press plate for a compressive and electro-osmotic dehydrator of the filter press type and to such dehydrators containing those press plates, in which liquid such as sludge or slurry of service water or sewage is dehydrated under pressure and electroosmotically to improve the dehydration. Particularly, the invention relates to improvements in the dehydrator electrodes and diaphragms supporting them. Many types of prior art electroosmotic dehydration are described in U.S.-A-4,376,022 while electroosmotic dehydration with a filter press is taught in U.S.-A-3,773,640. Compressive and electroosmotic dehydrators of the filter press type having press diaphragms are described in Japanese provisional patent publications Nos. 62-125810, 62-125811 and 62-125812. Figs. 1 a -1 c of the accompanying drawings illustrate the working stages of this type of conventional dehydrator, which includes press plates 2 a and 2 b and a pair of filter cloths 3 between them. The plate 2 a has a diaphragm 4 supporting an electrode plate 5 a . The other plate 2 b has an electrode plate 5 b fixed to it. In the first step shown in Fig. 1 a , the press plates 2 a and 2 b are closed to form a sealed space between them. Sewage sludge is pumped through passages 6 and squeezed between the cloths 3. Filtrate permeates through the cloths 3 and drains through small holes in the electrodes 5 a and 5 b and through passages 7. This produces a cake C of sludge and constitutes primary dehydration. In the second step shown in Fig. 1 b , compressed air is supplied between the plate 2 a and the diaphragm 4, which serves to compress the sludge cake C. This further dehydrates the cake to a water content of 80-85%, and constitutes secondary dehydration. In a later stage of this step, DC voltage is applied, for example at 40 volts for 15 minutes between the electrodes 5 a and 5 b . This causes electroosmosis to further promote dehydration, and constitutes tertiary dehydration. As a result, the water content is reduced to 50% and the cake volume is greatly reduced. In the last step shown in Fig. 1 c , the press plates 2 a and 2 b are opened and the cloths 3 are lowered to remove the finally dehydrated cake C. The electrodes 5 a and 5 b , which are expensive, are easily damaged electrochemically, while the electrode 5 a is also subjected to strong mechanical actions of diaphragm 4 supporting it. Conventionally, the electrodes have been made of metal plates, or sintered carbon plates for example. If the electrode 5 a attached to the diaphragm is a metal plate, it will have certain structural advantages, for example in terms of bending strength, but will have also certain electrochemical disadvantages. In contrast, if the electrode 5 a is a sintered carbon plate, then it must be made of special carbonic material advantageous for electroosmosis. However, such material is generally brittle and does not bend. Consequently, for a large size, an electrode of this material must be divided in order not to be broken by high pressure. The provision of divided electrodes on a flexible diaphragm, however, would involve the difficulties of equal voltage application to the electrodes, complexity in construction for the individual supports and reinforcements, difficulty in providing liquid passages through the electrodes, and ready exposure to the influences of electrode reaction. The present invention seeks to provide a compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator having an improved composite diaphragm construction for supporting divided carbon electrodes, and a press plate for use in such a dehydrator. According to the invention there is provided a press plate for a compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator of the filter press type, comprising: an electrically insulating frame having in its face a recess for registering with the recess in the face of another press plate to form a closed chamber for dehydrating feed liquid when the plates are in face-to-face abutment; an electrically insulating diaphragm fixed at its margin to the frame to line the recess and adapted to be displaced under the influence of a compressed fluid forced between the diaphragm and the frame; a metal core plate embedded within the diaphragm to reinforce the diaphragm except at its margin, and adapted to be connected to one pole of an electric DC power source; electric conductors attached in electric connection to the core plate and projecting through the diaphragm; and a plurality of divided flush carbon electrode plates electrically connected to the conductors over the diaphragm and core plate. According to the invention, there is provided also a compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator of the filter press type comprising: a first electrically insulating press plate as described above and a second electrically insulating press plate supported in parallel and adapted to be moved into face-to-face abutment, the second press plate having in its face a recess which registers with the recess in the face of the first press plate to form a closed chamber for dehydrating feed liquid when the plates are in abutment; and an electrode plate supported in the recess of the second press plate in parallel with the divided electrode plates of the first press plate and connected to the other pole of the power source. The invention will now be described in greater detail by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figs. 1 a -1 c are schematic cross-sectional views showing steps of operation of a conventional dehydrator; Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a dehydrator according to the invention; Figs. 3 and 4 are perspective views of an active press plate and a passive press plate, respectively, of the dehydrator of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a somewhat enlarged fragmentary view in cross section of the dehydrator of Fig. 2 showing adjacent active and passive plates; and Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary view in cross section of the active plate of Fig. 3. Referring to the drawings, the arrangement and construction shown in Fig. 2 is substantially conventional. The dehydrator comprises a filter press 12, which includes a front frame 14, a rear frame 16 and a pair of horizontal rails 18 fixed to the front and rear frames. The rails 18 support a front end passive press plate 19 fixed to the frame 14, a number of alternating active and passive press plates 20 and 22, a rear end passive press plate 23, and a rear end plate 24 which may be fixed to the frame 16. The plates 20, 22, 23 and 24 can be slid on the rails 18 by a drive 26. The frames 14 and 16 support a horizontal shaft 28 at the top, which can be rotated by a drive 30 mounted on the rear frame 16. From the shaft 28 are suspended pairs of filter cloths 32, which can be lowered and raised by rotating the shaft 28. Each pair of cloths 32 is interposed between adjacent press plates 19, 20, 22 or 23. The cloths 32 are formed with aligned holes, each aligned with a washer 34 and opening downwardly (Fig. 5). The frames also support a pair of horizontal bus bars 36 connected to the positive and negative poles, respectively, of a DC power source (not shown). One of bars 36 is connected through cables 38 to the active plates 20; the other bar 36 is connected through other cables 38 a to the passive plates 19, 22, and 23. With reference to Figs. 3, 5 and 6, each active plate 20 has a generally rectangular frame 40 which may be made of polypropylene. The frame 40 has a wide recess 42 (Figs. 5 and 6) on each side and a shallower peripheral seat 44 around the recess. The recess 42 is lined with a press diaphragm 46 which may be made of natural rubber, neoprene rubber or other electrically insulating flexible material. The diaphragm 46 has a central portion 48, a thin portion 50 of substantially the same width around the center portion and a peripheral margin 52, which is fixed to the seat 44. The margin 52 has grooves 54 (Fig. 3) formed across its outer surface. The frame 40 has horizontal passages 56, 58 and 60 formed through it adjacent its periphery. The top center slurry passage 56 is aligned with a hole 62 formed through each diaphragm 46. Two of the three drain passages 58 communicate through paths 63 with the diaphragm margin grooves 54. The upper air passage 60 opens through a path 64 out of the frame 40 and upon the inner side of diaphragm 46. The central diaphragm portion 48 has a large number of outer projections 66 of the same height, and is reinforced by a core plate 68 embedded in it. The core plates 68 on both sides are electrically connected to the associated cable 38 each through a bolt 69 and a wire 71. These plates 68 may be made of iron, titanium, aluminum or other relatively electrically conductive metal. Each metal plate 68 supports a number of elongated horizontal and vertical electric conductors 70, which are exposed through (or from) the diaphragm 46 and substantially flush with the projections 66. The conductors 70 may be made of stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium or carbon. Each conductor 70 is fixed to the metal plate 68 by a flush head screw 72 (Fig. 6) of stainless steel with electrically conductive adhesive coated between them. The gaps between the conductor 70 and diaphragm 46 are sealed by calking material 73. The metal plate 68 is thus surrounded by the insulating anticorrosive material, except where the conductors 70 extend. This completely prevents the plate 68 from corroding with acids or alkalies produced on the electrodes during electrolytic reaction. The outer surface of conductor 70 is lined with carbonic material 74 fixed by electrically conductive adhesive. This material 74 may be a carbon plate having carbon fibers bound by carbon, a graphite sheet or glassy carbon. Four divided, generally rectangular electrode plates 76, one of which is shown in Fig. 3, are each formed with a number of peripheral outer recessed seats 77 each having a hole through it. The electrodes 76 are fixed to the conductors 70 by plastic split snaps 78 resiliently snapping though the seats 77 and liners 74 into the conductors 70. The head of each snap 78 does not project from the seat 77. To the bottom of seat 77 is baked or adhered a thin sheet 79 of polyvinyl chloride or other electrically insulating material in tight contact with the head of snap 78. The sheet 79 insulates the upper surface of the thin bottom wall of electrode seat 77. The electrodes 76 can be easily removed by cutting the snaps 78 by a nipper or the like. This snapping attachment permits quick replacement of damaged electrodes. The plastic snaps 78 and insulating sheets 79 do not conduct electricity, and are not dissolved by electrolytic reaction. This prevents electrolytic dissolusion of the thin bottom walls of electrode seats 77, and consequently secures the attachment of electrodes 76 to the conductors 70. Each conductor 70 extends adjacent and in parallel with one of the four sides of each electrode 76. This arrangement reduces the bending forces exerted on the electrodes 76 via the conductors 70, and equalizes the electric application to the electrodes. The electrodes 76 are supported by the diaphragm projections 66 as well as the conductors 70. Each electrode plate 76 has three right angle corners supported by the wider projections 66 not to be broken by the motion of diaphragm 46. The electrode 76 has a large number of small holes 80 formed through it spaced from the projections 66 and conductors 70. With reference to Figs. 4 and 5, each passive press plate 19, 22, 23 (not shown) has a construction somewhat similar to the active plate 20, but has no diaphragm. The passive plate has a frame 140 formed with a wide recess 142 on each side corresponding to the active plate recesses 42. The frame 140 has a slurry passage 156, drain passages 158 and an air passage 160 formed through it in respective alignment with the active plate passages 56, 58 and 60. One of the drain passages 158 opens into the recesses 142 through paths 163. To the bottom of each recess 142 of each intermediate passive plate 22 are fixed two horizontal conductors 168, which are connected to the associated electric cable 38 a . These conductors 168 support a number of vertical conductors 170 fixed to their outer surfaces by flush screws 172. The outer surfaces of vertical conductors 170 may be lined with carbonic material similar to the liners 74 (Fig. 6). The vertical conductors 170 support four (one shown in Fig. 4) electrode plates 176, which are substantially the same as the electrodes 76 and fixed to the conductors by plastic snaps 178 similarly to the electrodes 76. Each electrode 176 has a number of small holes 180 through it. Such electrodes and conductors as 176, 168 and 170 are also provided on one side of each end passive plate 19, 23 which faces the adjacent active plate 20. Back to Fig. 2, the front frame 14 is provided with a slurry inlet 82, drain outlets 84 and an air inlet (not shown) in respective alignment with the slurry passages 56 and 156, drain passages 58 and 158 and air passage 160. In the first step of operation, the drive 26 forces the end plate 24 to compress the press plates 19, 20, 22 and 23 together against the frame 14. This makes the adjacent press plates form sealed filter spaces between the wide recesses 42 and 142 in the same manner as shown in Fig. 1 a . Slurry is then pumped through the inlet 82, passages 56 and 156 and washers 34 to collect between and swell the cloths 32 in the sealed spaces. This forces an amount of filtrate from the slurry to permeate through the cloths 32 and drain through the electrode holes 80 and 180, diaphragm corner grooves 54, paths 63 and 163, passages 58 and 158 and outlets 84. In the second step, compressed air is fed through the passages 60 and 160 and paths 64 to swell the diaphragms 46 compressing cakes which have resulted from the slurry, in the same manner as shown in Fig. 1 b . In a later stage of this step, DC voltage is applied between the electrodes 76 and 176 of adjacent active and passive plates. This forces a further amount of filtrate to drain. In the final step, the press plates are separated from each other, in the same manner as shown in Fig. 1 c , so that the cakes can be removed. Thus, the arrangement according to the present invention enables the diaphragms supporting the electrodes to effect more equal compression of the slurry. The individual divided electrodes bear the divided pressures more evenly so that they are less liable to break. This also simplifies, shortens and equalizes the electrical pathways to the electrodes.

Claims: A press plate (20) for a compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator of the filter press type, comprising: an electrically insulating frame having in its face a recess (42) for registering with the recess in the face of another press plate to form a closed chamber for dehydrating feed liquid when the plates are in face-to-face abutment; an electrically insulating diaphragm (46) fixed at its margin to the frame to line the recess and adapted to be displaced under the influence of a compressed fluid forced between the diaphragm and the frame; a metal core plate (68) embedded within the diaphragm to reinforce the diaphragm except at its margin, and adapted to be connected (38) to one pole of an electric DC power source; electric conductors (70) attached in electric connection to the core plate and projecting through the diaphragm; and a plurality of divided flush carbon electrode plates (76) electrically connected to the conductors over the diaphragm and core plate. A press plate according to claim 1, wherein the divided electrode plates (76) are generally rectangular, and supported on a plurality of projections (66) extending from the diaphragm, the projections being of larger area adjacent the corners of the divided electrode plates and the projections being spaced apart to form drain passages between the divided electrode plates and the diaphragm. A press plate according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the divided electrode plates are attached to the conductors by electrically insulating plastics snap fasteners (78). A press plate according to claim 3, wherein the snap fasteners have heads which are accommodated in recesses (77) in the divided electrode plates, the bottom of each recess having an electrically insulating covering (79). A press plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the divided electrode plates are electrically connected to the conductors via carbon liners (74) attached to the outer surfaces of the conductors. A press plate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the conductors are attached to the core plate by means of an electrically conductive adhesive. A compressive and electroosmotic dehydrator of the filter press type comprising: a first electrically insulating press plate (20) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and a second electrically insulating press plate (22) supported in parallel and adapted to be moved into face-to-face abutment, the second press plate having in its face a recess (142) which registers with the recess (42) in the face of the first press plate to form a closed chamber for dehydrating feed liquid when the plates are in abutment; and an electrode plate (176) supported in the recess of the second press plate in parallel with the divided electrode plates (76) of the first press plate and connected (38) to the other pole of the power source.

Inventors: KONDO SHIRO, MUROI OSAMU, SANO SHIGERU, SUWA TAKESHI, KONDO, SHIRO, MUROI, OSAMU, SANO, SHIGERU, SUWA, TAKESHI
Applicants: SHINKO PANTEC CO LTD, SHINKO PANTEC CO., LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B01D61
IPC codes: B01D61, B01D25, C02F11, B01D35