A LONG-LIFE SEMIFINISHED FOOD PRODUCT USEFUL AS A VEGETABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR WHIP CREAM IN GENERIC PASTRY ARTICLES AND ICECREAMS

Abstract: To achieve good stability and long preservation life, a semifinished food product comprising water, hydrogenated vegetable fats, and milk proteins is provided in the form of an oil emulsion in water by means of an emulsifying mixture comprising tartaric esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids.

Description: This invention relates to a long-life semifinished food product particularly useful as a substitute for whip cream in generic pastry articles and icecreams. More particularly, this invention is concerned with a semifinished food product of a type which comprises water, hydrogenated vegetable fats, and sugar, in suitable proportions. The invention further concerns a method of making a semifinished food product of the above-specified type on an industrial scale. It is a known fact that, in providing long-term preservation food products on an industrial scale, a prerequisite is that they be kept wholesome inasmuch as, generally within a very short time period, food products are liable to undergo rapid and substantial alterations of the bacteria-induced and chemical types which result in an unacceptable drastic degradation of their original organoleptic properties and, what is even worse, to turn toxic. A second, no less fundamental requisite is that they ought to retain their original organoleptic properties for a long time period, in particular their taste, flavor, consistency, appearance, and physical properties, the fast deterioration of which is a well-recognized problem in the art. Currently available, in an effort to meet the demand for long-life food products at least in part, are products whose preservability (wholesome and organoleptic properties) is ensured either by sterilization techniques (at 115-125°C for 5 to 20 minutes) or a U.H.T. process (at 135-150°C for 2 to 30 seconds) combined with homogenization at 100-250 bars. Such techniques have some recognized drawbacks as relates the stability of emulsions having a high fat content, with consequent gelling/separation, decreased or increased viscosity, loss of physical properties (rise), and the inception of undesiderable side processes (saponification, etc.). Such shortcomings usually make their appearance after a preservation period which may vary according to storage temperature but is in any case limited in time. The problem underlying this invention is to provide a long-life semifinished food product, as a vegetable substitute for whip cream, which can retain, throughout its shelf life, wholesome characteristics, organoleptic characteristics, and chemiophysical -- i.e. rising -- properties comparable with those it exhibits when freshly prepared, and is such that it can be circulated through normal sale outlets at a controlled temperature (22°C or lower) without involving any special and expensive safeguarding techniques, such as the like of a cold line. This problem is solved according to the invention by a long-life semifinished food product comprising water, hydrogenated vegetable fats, milk proteins, at least one stabilizer, and sugar, being characterized in that it is an oil in water emulsion comprising an emulsifying mixture including mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, lactic esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, and soy lecithin, said emulsifying mixture being provided in an amount ranging from 0.2% to 1.5% by weight of the overall weight of the semifinished food product. In particular, and in accordance with a further aspect, the water that goes into the making of the semifinished food product of this invention has a hardness of about 1 ppm CaCO₃ (about 10 French degrees) or lower and is present in the semifinished food product in a by-weight amount ranging from 55% to 65%, preferably of 60%, of the overall weight of said semifinished product. The hydrogenated vegetable fats used in the preparation of the inventive semifinished food product are those having their melting point in the 30° to 40°C range, and are preferably hydrogenated vegetable fats from coconut or palm nut oil and mixtures thereof. Advantageously, the amount of the hydrogenated fats employed varies between 15% and 35% by weight. The milk proteins used in the semifinished food product of this invention are preferably obtained from or made available by sodium caseinate, either skim or whole powdered milk, in amounts within the 0.4% to 7% range by weight of the overall weight of the semifinished product, sodium caseinate being most preferred. The stabilizer used in the semifinished food product of this invention is preferably selected from a group comprising sorbitol and hydroxypropylcellulose in amounts ranging from 0.1% to 2% by weight of the overall weight of said semifinished product. The sorbitol may be utilized in either the syrup or powder forms and in by-weight amounts ranging from 0.5% to 2%, while hydroxypropylcellulose is preferably utilized in by-weight amounts within the 0.1% to 0.4% range. The inventive semifinished food product may also comprise natural flavors and natural coloring matter such as, of preference, carotene, as well as kitchen salt. The emulsifying mixture used in accordance with the basic teaching of this invention, and especially, primarily the presence therein of mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, has unexpectedly shown an ability to yield a very fine and stable emulsion (oil in water) of all the components of said semifinished food product, which emulsion withstood the sterilization ond homogenization process quite well. Furthermore, inhibited showed to be in this emulsion, for even quite long time periods of up to 8 months and longer, any inception of saponification or another comparable emulsion degrading, separating, or destabilizing effect. Even if the chemiophysical mechanics which enables the acetyltartaric esters of fatty acids to yield the above favorable result has not been fully understood, it is believed that the unexpected, effective emulsifying action revealed is also due to a synergic effect between the various emulsifying agents (which make up the mixture just described) and the softened water. Additionally to the advantage of retention over time of wholesome characteristics, organoleptic characteristics, and physical properties (rise) as exhibited when freshly prepared, the semifinished food product of this invention has a shorter structure than similar conventional products which closely resembles that of whip cream. The invention features and advantages may be more clearly appreciated from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of a method of preparing the semifinished food product according to the invention, where all the parts mentioned are parts by weight. Example In a double-walled vessel equipped with a slow speed stirrer and a turbine, 20 l of water having a hardness 0.2 ppm CaCO₃ (2 French degrees) is heated to 55°C. On reaching the predetermined temperature and under powerful stirring, 0.2 parts by weight are then added of hydroxypropylcellulose, followed by cold softened water to an overall amount of water of 60 l. Stirring is maintained until the hidroxypropylcellulose is fully dissolved, and on the temperature reaching 65°C, under powerful stirring, there are added 1 part sodium caseinate or 4 parts powdered milk and 0.4 parts mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (E 472e emulsifier) and lactic esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids (E 472b emulsifier). While still maintaining a powerful stirring action, and raising the mixture temperature to 70°C, 25 parts of hydrogenated vegetable fats from coconut and palm nut oil, as previously brought to melting by heating at about 50°C and to which there have been added 0.2 parts fluidic soy lecithin and natural carotene, are loaded. Once the desired emulsion is obtained, the same is additivated with 10 parts sugar, 2 parts sorbitol, and a mixture comprising kitchen salt and natural flavors. The semifinished food product thus obtained is then taken to a UHT sterilization step which also includes a homogenization step at 100/250 bars to yield a substantial reduction in the fat blobs on the order of 0.5-2 micrometers, as well as a final cooling step down to a lower temperature than 20°C. Thereafter, the semifinished product of this invention is packed in sterilized containers at an aseptic packaging station. The resulting packaged semifinished product could be delivered to normal sale outlets by controlling its temperature within a range not to exceed 22°C. It becomes possible, therefore, to avoid the use of the expensive current cold or freezing storage techniques.

Claims: 1. A long-life semifinished food product for generic pastry articles and icecreams as a substitute for whip cream, comprising water, hydrogenated vegetable fats, milk proteins, at least one stabilizer, and sugar, characterized in that it is an oil in water emulsion comprising an emulsifying mixture including mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, lactic esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, and soy lecithin, said emulsifying mixture being provided in an amount ranging from 0.2% to 1.5% by weight of the overall weight of the semifinished food product. 2. A semifinished food product according to Claim 1, characterized in that said water has a hardness not exceeding approximately 1 ppm CaCO₃ (10 French degrees). 3. A semifinished food product according to Claim 2, characterized in that said softened water is provided in an amount ranging from 55% to 65% by weight, preferably of 60% by weight. 4. A semifinished food product according to Claim 1, characterized in that said hydrogenated vegetable fats are those having melting point within the 30° to 40°C range and are provided in by-weight amounts within the 15% to 35% range. 5. A semifinished food product according to Claim 4, characterized in that said hydrogenated vegetable fats are fats from coconut, palm nut oil, and mixtures thereof. 6. A semifinished food product according to Claim 1, characterized in that said milk proteins are either obtained from or made available by sodium caseinate, skim or whole powdered milk, and are provided in amounts within the range of 0.4% to 7% by weight. 7. A semifinished food product according to Claim 1, characterized in that said stabilizer is selected from the group comprising sorbitol and hydroxipropylcellulose and is provided in an amount within the 0.1% to 2% range by weight. 8. A semifinished food product according to Claim 7, characterized in that said stabilizer is sorbitol in either syrup or powder form and is provided in an amount within the 0.5% to 2% range by weight. 9. A semifinished food product according to Claim 7, characterized in that said stabilizer is hydroxipropylcellulose and is provided in an amount within the 0.1% to 0.4% range by weight. 10. A method of preparing a long-life semifinished food product for pastry articles and icecreams, as a vegetable substitute for whip cream, characterized in that it comprises the successive steps of, dissolving in water which has a hardness not exceeding approximately 1 ppm CaCO₃ as heated to about 55°C a by-weight amount of 0.1% to 2% of a stabilizer selected from sorbitol and hydroxipropylcellulose, while maintaining a temperature of about 65° to 70°C and under powerful stirring, adding 0.4% to 7% by weight of milk proteins as made available by either sodium caseinate or powdered milk and their mixtures, 0.2% to 1% by weight of mono- and di-acetyltartaric esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids and lactic esters of the mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids, adding to the emulsion, as maintained at about 70°C under powerful stirring, 15% to 35% by weight of hydrogenated vegetable fats from coconut, palm nut oil or mixtures thereof, as previously melted by the application of heat and additivated with fluidic soy lecithin, additivating the resulting emulsion with sugar, sorbitol, and optionally such additives as natural flavors, natural coloring matter, and kitchen salt, sterilizing and homogenizing said emulsion, and cooling the sterilized emulsion yield down to below 20°C. 11. A method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the emulsion homogenization step is carried on until the fat blob therein are reduced in size to within the range of 0.5 to 2.0 micrometers.

Inventors: COACCI, SETTIMIO, LUZIETTI, DINO
Applicants: COOPERLAT SOC. COOP. A.R.L.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: A23L1
IPC codes: A23L1