TIMEPIECES

Abstract: A timepiece is provided by a unitary solid geometrical structure having a predetermined symmetry about a common axis comprising geometrical bodies individually rotatable about said common axis and provided with different units of time displaying indicia, the bodies being driven in time related mode about said axis so as to be displaced from an initial position and periodically to pass through that position. In different embodiments the bodies together form a pyramid a parallelepiped and a simulated consumer item.

Description: This invention relates to timepieces. The close interrelation of the concepts of space and time is not evident in the form of known timepieces. This lack of application of space-time concepts to the outward manifestations of clocks and similar timepieces appears surprising in retrospect having regard to this interrelationship between space and time. Of course, clocks and watches have three-dimensional housings. Analog timepieces have hands rotating on dials and digital timepieces display a succession of digits, sometimes provided endlessly on rotating and rotationally symmetrical objects or carriers. Also, some clocks have pendulums and other speed regulators, as well as driving weights and even decorative devices that somehow move through space at the clock. There also have been artistic structures moving with time. However, a genuine consequential space-time manifestation appears missing from known timepieces. For example, the clocks using solid geometrical elements according to U.S. Patents 864,533, by A.H. Hadley, issued August 27, 1907, and 1,929,582, by A. S. Greenwood, issued October 10, 1933, do not significantly change their three-dimensional configuration with passage of time. The same may be said of a so-called "Museum Clock", by Natico Originals, Inc., in which three concentric rotary disks with semi-spherical elements suggest a kind of planetary action with time. The continuous cam clock disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,875,736, by A. G. Gulko, issued April 8, 1975, has a vertically moving central cyclinder for indicating hours and a rotatable concentric outer cylinder for indicating minutes. Even though the central cylinder rises and falls with time relative to the outer cylinder, the overall configuration of that continuous cam clock remained cylindrical in outward appearance. U.S. Patent 3,593,515, by J. R. Shockner et al, issued July 20, 1971, disclosed several time-indicating elements, segments or pegs rising and falling with time relative to a flat or a cylindrical clock surface. However, the clock surface itself remained flat or cylindrical irrespective of time. An interesting clock was disclosed in U.S. Design Patents Des. 256,890 and Des. 258,808, issued, respectively, September 16, 1980 and April 7, 1981, to S. P. Diskin. That clock had time elements or segments arranged inside a transparent cylinder in the form of a helix which appeared to travel concentrically in that cylinder so that successive elements served to indicate time along a surface line or generatrix of the transparent cylinder. That cylinder remained static with time and even the seemingly travelling helix or helices remained helical in configuration throughout time. It is an object of this invention to provide timepieces that make a stronger space-time statement than existing timepieces. It is a related object of this invention to provide timepieces continuously or continually expressing passage of time by periodically changing and restoring the spatial volume occupied by the timepiece. The present invention consists in a timepiece having a unitary solid geometrical structure characterized by a predetermined symmetry about a common axis, said structure comprising geometrical bodies individually rotatable about said common axis and provided with time displaying indicia, the respective bodies displaying different units of time, driving means for rotating said bodies about said common axis in time related mode so as to displace said bodies from an initial disposition thereof to change the spatial volume occupied by said bodies and to pass periodically through said initial disposition and indicating means to facilitate reading of said time displaying indicia during rotation of said bodies about said axis. If desired, said unitary solid geometrical structure is in the form of a simulated consumer item broken down into segments constituting said bodies and having said predetermined symmetry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like or equivalent parts, and in which: FIGURE 1 is a top view of a timepiece according to an embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 2 is a bottom view of the timepiece shown in Figure 1; FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the timepiece shown in Figure 1 at a certain point of time; FIGURE 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing the timepiece at a second point of time; FIGURE 5 is another view similar to Figure 3, but showing the timepiece at a third point of time; FIGURE 6 is a side view, partially in section, of a timepiece similar to the timepiece shown in Figures 1 to 5 according to a single-axis embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 7 is a perspective view of a timepiece according to a further embodiment of the invention; FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of the timepiece of Figure 7, at a point of time different from the point of time displayed in Figure 7; FIGURE 9 is a perspective view of a timepiece in the form of a typical consumer item and according to a further embodiment of the invention, and FIGURE 10 is a perspective view of the timepiece of Figure 9, at a point of time different from the point of time displayed in Figure 9. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The timepiece or clock 10 shown in Figures 1 et seq comprises relatively movable or moving bodies 12, 13, 14 and 15 for displaying different units of time, such as hours and minutes, for example. These elements are arranged in a unitary solid geometrical structure 16 having a specific configuration as shown by way of example in Figures 1 and 3. Also, the unitary solid geometrical structure 16 is transfigured or transformed in outward appearance from that specific configuration through various three-dimensional outward appearances, such as shown in Figures 4 and 5 to the specific configuration shown in Figures 1 and 3, by movement of the time display bodies 12, 13, 14 and 15 relative to each other or one to another in a display of time. In practice, not all segments or bodies 12 to 15 of the apparatus 10 need be movable in point of time. For instance, bodies 13 and 14 may be movable relative to each other and both of these bodies may also be movable in point of time. The top of the body 15 may be movable, or may be relatively stationary, with the body 16 moving relatively thereto as a function of time. However, at least according to Figure 5, the top body 15 is also moving as a function of time and thereby enhances the change in the spatial volume occupied by the structure 16 achieved by embodiments of the invention. On the other hand, the bottom element 12 may be a stationary or relatively stationary base of the clock 10, and will be designated as such hereinafter. The structure 16 is solid geometrical, with solid geometry being that branch of geometry which deals with solid or hollow, perforate or imperforate, figures of three-dimensional space. Of course, the adjective "solid geometrical" would also refer to such three-dimensional figures as spheres, stepped or continuous circular cylinders and cones. Such figures may be designated as rotationally symmetrical, since they or their elements with their outer surfaces extend symmetrically about an axis of rotation through the centre of the sphere or along the height of the circular cylinder or cone. The preferred embodiment of the subject invention shapes and arranges the time display bodies 12 to 15 into a non-circular configuration as the desired specific configuration of the unitary solid geometrical structure 16. Such bodies are then moved relatively to each other to transform the non-circular configuration through different outward appearances while displaying time with such moving time display bodies. Expressed differently, the timepiece 10 comprises, in combination, a plurality of non-circular bodies or segments 12, 13, 14 and 15 arranged in a unitary solid geometrical structure 16 and bearing time markings or indicia as shown in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5, for instance. A timepiece drive 18, more fully described below, is coupled to these segments for rotating such segments relative to each other to transform a three-dimensional outward appearance of the unitary solid geometrical structure 16 through various progressive spatial volume changes while displaying time with the time markings, as shown in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5, for instance. The timepiece drive 18 is symbolically shown in Figure 2 as inserted into the bottom of the clock. By way of example, at least the base or bottom element 12 may be hollow for that purpose, and what is seen in Figure 2 may be a base for the timepiece drive 18 with or without a removable lid 119 for an electric power source, such as one or more batteries, unless a mechanical drive or an electric drive operating from a power outlet is preferred. Indeed, all kinds of drives for the movable elements may be employed in the practice of the subject invention, and the expression timepiece drive as herein employed is intended to be sufficiently broad to cover such drives, including clock actions, clockworks, and the like, without being limited thereto. The unitary solid geometrical structure has several distinct sides extending over the bodies or segments 12 to 15 at a predetermined point of time. By way of example, Figures 1 and 3 show a four-sided pyramid which, accordingly, has four lateral sides extending from the top to the bottom of the pyramid over the mutually aligned time display bodies or segments 15, 14, 13 and 12. Strictly speaking, the illustrated pyramid also has a fifth side at the bottom shown in Figure 2, but only the four lateral sides are rendered variable in the illustrated embodiment. These four lateral sides extend over the time display segments at one or more predetermined times, such as at 3am, 6am, 9am, 12 noon, 3pm, 6pm, 9pm and at midnight in the embodiment as shown in Figures 1 and 3. The illustrated preferred embodiments then break up the original sides into more sides than such original sides of the solid geometrical structure by movement of the time display segments relative to each other in a display of time. For instance, the embodiment shown in Figures 1 et seq subdivides the four lateral sides shown in Figures 1 and 3 into more sides than such four original sides by movement of the time display segments 15, 14, 13 and 12 relative to each other in a display of time. For example, six differently arranged sides are visible in Figure 4, if the visible sides of the top elements 14 and 15 are counted as two sides, since such top elements are mutually aligned. If the sides not visible in Figure 4 are added to the visible sides, it is seen that the configuration at the point of time shown in Figure 4 has twelve sides, as contrasted with the only four sides seen in Figure 1. Moreover, sixteen lateral sides are either facing the observer or facing away from the observer in the representation of Figure 5 at a further point of time different from the point of time indicated in Figures 1 and 3 and from the other point of time indicated in Figure 4. Indeed, with a four-sided pyramid a sixteen-sided configuration is readily attainable from time to time by shifting each time display body or segment out of alignment with its neighbouring time display body or segment. If the pyramid were three-sided, then its major sides could be broken up as a function of time into as many as twelve distinct sides, unless more than four time display bodies or segments were used. By way of example, there could be a further time display body in each case in order to display seconds, and even one or more further bodies in order to display days of the week, days of the month, names of the month, etc. In this respect and in general, timepieces according to embodiments of the subject invention may include or may in fact constitute calendars. The preferred embodiment of the invention recurringly transforms the unitary solid geometrical structure, such as the pyramid 16, to its specific configuration, such as to the original configuration shown in Figures 1 and 3, via various spatial volume changes which produce outward appearances, such as including those shown in Figures 4 and 5. By way of example, the unitary solid geometrical structure 16 may be periodically transformed to the specific configuration shown in Figures 1 and 3, for instance, via various three-dimensional outward appearances as a function of time, such as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. In this respect, Figure 4 shows the time index 19 at the bottom body, segment or base 12 in effect between the hours of 10 and 11 on the rotating hour segment 13, if the perspective of Figure 4 is considered. Figure 4 also shows the indication of half an hour or thirty minutes on the rotating minute segment 14 aligned with the time index 19. Figure 4 may thus be taken as showing the time of 11:30. An AM or PM indication may, if desired be added to this time indication, such as by the addition of yet another rotating time body or segment, or the clock may be designed as a twenty-four hour clock, such as by digits to this effect on the rotating hour segment 13. To a person familiar therewith, the clock 10 would also indicate spatially that another quarter hour has passed, such as from the spatial alignment of the base and minute segments 12 and 14 as in Figures 4 and 5. As seen in Figure 5, the pyramid top body or segment 15 may also be moved or rotated, such as to indicate seconds. In the illustrated simplified version, an index or marking 21 may be provided on the top 15 to aid the obesrver with a spatial impression of advancing time. Figures 1 and 3 illustrate restoration of a specific configuration within predetermined units of time, such as every three hours, or every hour on the hour, or every fifteen minutes, etc. Within the scope of the subject invention, part of the specific configuration may be restored within one of predetermined different units of time. For instance, if a pyramid or prism is four-sided, then a specific part 14 of the pyramid 16 may be restored to coincidence with the base 12 every fifteen minutes or quarter hour, as in Figures 4 and 5. Another part of the specific configuration may then be restored within another of predetermined different units of time. For instance, as apparent from Figures 1 and 3, the relatively moving base and hour elements of the four-sided pyramid 16 are readily restored to coincidence every three hours. This rate of occurrence may, of course, be varied within the scope of the subject invention by using differently sided prisms, pyramids, parallelpipeds, cubes, etc. The timepiece or clock 110 shown in Figure 6 also serves the continuous or continual expression of passage of time by change of form or appearance. Such timepiece or clock according to Figure 6 may be similar or even identical to the timepiece or clock 10 shown in Figures 1 to 5. However, Figure 6 shows an open bottom 119 and a clockwork 118 as the timepiece drive, which may also be used as such in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 5. The power source symbolized at 19 in Figure 2 and otherwise described above has not been shown in Figure 6. The clockwork 118 has a base or housing attached to the base 12, such as with the aid of a thread 23. The driven part of the clockwork has an outer hollow shaft 24, an inner hollow shaft 25 and a central solid shaft 26, all arranged concentrically, for driving the hour, minute and second segments, respectively, as if they were hands of a regular analog clock. Accordingly, the outer hollow shaft has an end attached to the hour segment or body 13. The inner hollow shaft 25 has an end attached to the minute segment or body 14, and the central solid shaft 26 has an end attached to the top segment or element 15 for indicating the passage of seconds in time and space. As specifically illustrated in Figure 6, at least the time segments or bodies 13, 14 and 15 are arranged along an axis 28 and such segments are made asymmetrical relative to that axis, rather than rotationally symmetrical. Accordingly, the outward appearance of the unitary solid geometrical structure is again transformed as the clockwork 118 moves the asymmetrical time segments 13, 14 and 15 relative to each other and to the base 12 about the axis 28 in a display of time. What has been said above with respect to Figures 1 to 5 may also be applied to the embodiment shown in Figure 6 in which the unitary solid geometrical structure is also in the form of a pyramid 16. However, the subject invention and its embodiments are not limited in any such manner. By way of further example, Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a unitary solid geometrical structure 116 in the form of a cube or parallelepiped which in some manner has its outward appearance transformed from the specific base configuration shown in Figure 7 through various three-dimensional outward appearances back to that specific configuration by movement of time display bodies 113, 114 and 115 relative to each other and to the main body 112 of the parallelepipedal configuration in a display of time. By way of example rather than by way of limitation, the same clockwork as shown at 118 in Figure 6 may be employed in the parallelepipedal embodiment for driving the hour, minute and second segments or bodies 113, 114 and 115 through concentric shafts 24, 25 and 26, respectively. The unitary solid geometrical structure 116 of the embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8 has a corner 120 having distinct sides, including several sides 121, 122 and 123 on three sides of the corner 120. That corner is subdivided into segments 113, 114 and 115 extending over these several sides 113, 114 and 115 bearing time markings. In fact, what is now a base 112 may also be considered as one of the segments extending over the three sides of the corner 120. A timepiece drive, such as the above mentioned clockwork 118 shown in Figure 6, now mounted in the base 112, is coupled to the segments 113, 114 and 115 for rotating these segments relative to each other and to the base segment 112. As seen in Figure 8, this subdivides the distinct sides 121, 122 and 123 into more sides than these three sides at different points of time, while displaying time with the time markings on the rotating segments or time elements. Of course, within the scope of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, there may be as many different appearances as in the case of the pyramid clock disclosed above with the aid of Figures 1 to 6, except that the pyramid is now three sided or is a corner of a cube, parallelepiped, prism or the like. Figures 9 and 10 show a clock according to an embodiment of the subject invention in the form of a consumer item represented as a solid geometrical structure 216, subdivided into bodies or segments 212, 213, 214 and 215. The segment 212 may again be a base having a timepiece drive, such as the clockwork 118 shown in Figure 6, mounted therein for movement or rotation of the segments 213, 214 and 215 relative to each other. The segment 213 may indicate hours, the segment 214 may indicate minutes, and the segment 215 may indicate seconds by rotation thereof. The top segment 215 represents the top seal 217 of a milk carton. In most countries, a milk carton is a well-recognised consumer item. Typically, such milk cartons contain milk, another well-known consumer item. However, such "milk cartons" now also contain various juices and similar consumer items for convenient delivery to and consumption by a multitude of consumers. Figure 9 shows the illustrated consumer item in its typical solid geometrical form. By way of example, this form may be represented by the clock every three hours on the hour, if the base of the solid geometrical structure is a square. Different time intervals for a unitary showing may, however, be provided, such as by making the base of the unitary structure rectangular, for instance. The clock shown in Figures 9 and 10 again displays a strong space-time statement to the observer by moving the segments 213, 214 and 215 relative to each other and to the base element 212, such as in the manner shown in Figure 10. In the case of a well-known consumer item, such space-time statement is particularly strong, since such consumer item is well recognised by large if not all segments of the population, as in the case of the example shown in Figure 9, whereby any deviation from such form, including the deviation shown in Figure 10, makes a particularly strong impression on the observer.

Claims: 1. A timepiece having a unitary solid geometrical structure characterised by a predetermined symmetry about a common axis, said unitary solid geometrical structure comprising geometrical bodies individually rotatable about said common axis and provided with time displaying indicia, the respective geometrical bodies displaying different units of time, driving means for rotating said bodies about said common axis in time related mode so as to displace said geometrical bodies from an initial disposition thereof to change the spatial volume occupied by said geometrical bodies and to pass periodically through said initial disposition and indicating means to facilitate reading of said time displaying indicia during rotation of said geometrical bodies about said axis. 2. A timepiece as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that said driving means are adapted to effect periodic breaking up and periodic restoring of said predetermined symmetry by ongoing displacement of said geometrical bodies of said unitary solid geometrical structure itself. 3. A timepiece as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that said unitary solid geometrical structure has a constant envelope volume throughout said ongoing displacement. 4. A timepiece as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterised in that said geometrical bodies each have corners and said driving means for periodic breaking up and periodic restoring said predetermined symmetry include means coupled to a timepiece drive as said driving means and to said geometrical bodies for rotating said geometrical bodies into periodic alignment of respective corners of said geometrical bodies and into deliberate misalignment of said respective corners between successive alignments in a display of time. 5. A timepiece as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 4, characterised in that said unitary solid geometrical structure is in the form of a simulated consumer item broken down into segments constituting said geometrical bodies and having said predetermined symmetry. 6. A timepiece as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 5, characterised by a plurality of geometrical bodies bearing said time displaying indicia and arranged in a unitary solid geometrical structure having several distinct sides extending over said geometrical bodies at a predetermined point of time, and driving means coupled to said geometrical bodies effecting subdivision of said distinct sides into more sides than said several sides at different points of time, while displaying time with time markings and said time displaying indicia. 7. A timepiece as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that said unitary solid geometrical structure is in the form of a pyramid. 8. A timepiece as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that said unitary solid geometrical structure is in the form of a parallelepiped. 9. A timepiece as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that said unitary solid geometrical structure has a corner having several sides as said distinct sides; and said corner is subdivided into said geometrical bodies extending over said several sides.

Inventors: CHAUT, YARON
Applicants: 4-D DESIGN, INC.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: G04B19
IPC codes: G04B45, G04B19