Device to open and close the bolt in semiautomatic pistols

Abstract: The invention relates to a device opening and closing the bolt of semiautomatic pistols with a barrel (11) wich is rotating and axially displaceable in the stock (10) and interacting with the bolt (12) in such a way that during the first section of the back motion barrel (11) and bolt (12) are integral and without a relative motion, while in the second section the barrel (11) rotates in respect to the bolt (12) but is still following its linear movement till the barrel (11) stops and the bolt (12) moves back for the actual opening of the arm.

Description: This invention relates, in general, to semiautomatic pistols with a barrel both rotating and axially displaceable in the pistol stock, and more particularly to a device designed to open a close the bolt of said pistols. In GB - A- 465 041 on which the preamble of independent claim 1 is based a pistol of the above type is disclosed which comprises: a stock including a fixed block; a bolt positioned on said stock for axial movement between a forward close position and a rearward open position, a spring associated with said fixed block biasing said bolt into said forward close position, said bolt having a barrell receiving opening, a stop plane surface extending into said opening and a longitudinal groove extending forwardly from said stop plane; a barrell positioned in said barrell opening of said bolt, said barrel being axially displaceable and co-acting with said fixed block through a screw-type connection to cause the locking and unlocking of the barrell and the bolt for axial movements. In such known pistol construction, barrel is provided with both a locking tooth designed to engage in the longitudinal forwardly extending groove in the bolt, and helicoidal control bosses which engage in curved grooves within the fixed block. But, locking tooth and control bosses are axially spaced each to other and thus they occupy a certain length of the barrel. However, according to the known execution, the only means keeping the bolt in its closed position is the screw connection between barrel bolt, as any other positive stop is lacking. In addition, the known opening system is rather bulky due the axially spaced position of locking tooth and control bosses and therefore bent to increase the overall dimension of the pistol. It is instead an object of the present invention to provide a pistol with rotating and axially displaceable barrel as mentioned above but with an improved connection between barrel and bolt to allow: a general reduction of the overall dimensions of the pistol in comparision to the known execution by reducing the dimensions of the opening and rotating device, as locking tooth and screw type connection coincide; a positive lock of the bolt on the barrel in its closed position and during part of its opening motion, both manually and by recoil; and further to substantially delay the opening of the bolt in order to fully exploit the gases in the barrel for the ejection of a shot each time an ammunition is fired, by preventing at the same time the gas from hitting the shot on the moment the bolt is opened. Said object and advantages are fulfilled by a semiautomatic pistol construction according to the charactering part of claim 1. In practice, fixed block arrangement inside the pistol stock provides each of: the support of the barrel; the establishment of limits of the run course of the barrel itself with respect to the axial direction during recoil, without the presence of any other arresting member; a means causing the barrel to rotate creating a delay of the aperture registration; and a structure for bounding the recoil spring. The characteristics of the invention will be more apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter with reference to the enclosed drawing in which: Fig.1 shows a perspective view of the bolt and the barrel and, separately, the fixed block interacting with the barrel; Fig. 1a shows a split view of the bolt with the barrel fixed to the bolt itself; Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a pistol with its bolt locked in closed position; Fig. 2a shows a cross section on the line II-II in Fig. 2; Fig.2b shows a view of the barrel and the tooth interacting with the relating groove when the pistol is in the condition shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section according to Fig. 2, but with locked bolt and barrel in rearward position; Fig.3a shows a cross section on the line III-III in Fig. 3; Fig.3b shows a view of the barrel and the tooth interacting with the relating groove when the pistol is in the condition shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 4 shows another longitudinal section of the pistol, but with rotating barrel moving to the rear with the bolt; Fig.4a shows a cross section on the line IV-IV in Fig. 4; Fig.4b shows a view of the barrel and the tooth interacting with the relating groove when the pistol is in the condition shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 5 shows still a longitudinal section of the pistol, but with stationary barrel and fully opened bolt; Fig.5a shows a cross section on the line V-V in Fig. 5; Fig.5b shows a view of the barrel and the tooth interacting with the relating groove when the pistol is in the condition shown in Fig. 5; In a known manner, on the stock of a pistol a barrel (11) is mounted and covered by an interacting bolt (12). The barrel (11) can rotate in respect to the bolt and to the stock and it is also displaceable in an axial direction. The bolt (12) is able to axially move on the stock both with the barrel and independently to pass from a front closing position on the barrel and an open rear position far from the barrel. The bolt is subject to a spring (13) normally keeping it in its front closed position, its back motion being obtained either manually or automatically by recoil forces due to the firing of o shot. Now, according to the invention and to its embodiment shown on the drawing, barrel (11) is fitted in an intermediate position, with an over-lapping section (14) with spaced front and back stops (15, 16) on one side, and on the other side with at least one forward directed shoulder (17) preferably collimating with front stop (15). In the overlapping section (14) (see Fig. 1) a slot is cut in which, starting from the back stop (16) has a first portion (18) which is rectilinear and parallel to the axis of the barrel and followed by a helicoidal portion (19) extending to the front stop (15). A tooth (20) which is part of a fixed block (21) mounted on stock (10) and locked, for instance, by a peg (20) or the like is engaged and interacts in said slot (18,19), a spring (13) of bolt (12) longitudinally and freely passing through said block (21). Block (21) also presents on the opposite sides of tooth (20) two axially spaced abutments (23,24) cooperating with stop ends (15,16) on barrel (11) to limit its axial displacements. The coupling between slot (18,19) and tooth (20) is such that only an axial displacement of the barrel is possible when tooth (20) is interacting with the rectilinear portion (18) of the slot, while the barrel can move and simultaneously rotate as a screw if the tooth is interacting with the helical portion (19) while the barrel is axially displaced in respect to block (21) bearing tooth (20). It is pointed out that the sense of rotation of the barrel allowing the opening of the bolt will be opposite to that to which the barrel is subject to when a shot is fired and to that due to it internal rifling. In bolt (12) a stop plane (25) is facing rearwards and designed to interact with shoulder (17) of the barrel when the bolt is closed and the barrel has moved to the front to let tooth (20) engage the rectilinear portion (18) of the slot. Finally the bolt presents, starting from said stop plane (25), a longitudinal and rectilinear groove (26) extending towards its front to receive shoulder (17) and thus eliminate its stopping action as soon as the barrel has moved back and been rotated by tooth (20) interacting with the helicoidal section (19) of the slot. Figures 2, 2a and 2b of the drawing show the pistol with the bolt (12) moved towards the front and thus in closed position, where it is coupled with the barrel by means of the spring (13). In this position: barrel (11) is displaced towards the front end, with its stop (15) bearing on the abutment (23) of the fixed block (21); barrel (11) is rotated to have the rectilinear portion (18) of its slot engaged by tooth (20); in consequence, shoulder (17) of the barrel is turned away from slot (26) in the bolt and positively bearing upon stop plane (25) of the bolt; thus barrel and bolt make up a solid assembly in axial direction to prevent them from moving to and from each other and ensure the closure of the arm for its use. Starting from this closed position, after a shot has been fired out of the barrel and owing to the recoil forces the bolt is opened in opposition to spring (13) and through the following sequence: through a first part of the recoil corresponding to the rectilinear slot (18) barrel and bolt are displaced together without any relative motion, the bolt taking back the barrel owing to the interaction between stop plane (25) of bolt (12) and shoulder (17) on barrel (11). This intermediate condition is shown on Figures 3, 3a and 3b. Then, through a second part of the recoil, barrel and bolt are still moving together, but the barrel is simultaneously rotating due to the interaction between tooth (20) and the helicoidal part (19) of the slot on the barrel. Hence, shoulder (17) on barrel (11) is angularly displaced towards the relating longitudinal groove (26) in bolt (12). This second intermediate position is shown on Figures 4, 4a and 4b. Now, when the barrel has moved back till its rear stop (16) is bearing against abutment (24) of the fixed block (21), it stops rotating and shoulder (17) falls into groove (26). Now the barrel is standing still and the bolt goes back to its open position represented in Figures 5, 5a and 5b allowing the ejection of the cartridge case and the advance of the hammer. By the successive advance of the bolt the feed of another ammunition is obtained and an inverse sequence of the movements taking the bolt back to its initial closed position and the arm ready for use as shown in Fig. 2. It is thus evident that the relative opening between barrel and bolt is delayed as it takes place during an intermediate part of the recoil stroke of the bolt and not at the beginnig of said stroke in order to allow a full exploitation of the gas pressure in the barrel for the ejection of the shot and without any rearward gas outflow.

Claims: A semiautomatic pistol construction, comprising a stock (10) including a fixed block (21); a bolt (12) positioned on said stock (10) for axial movement between a forward close position and a rearward open position, a recoil spring (13) associated with said fixed block (21) biasing said bolt (12) into said forward close position, said bolt (12) having a barrel receiving opening, a rearward facing stop plane (25) extending into said opening and a longitudinal groove (26) extending forwardly from said stop plane; a barrel (11) positioned in said barrell opening of said bolt, said barrel being axially displaceable and co-acting with said fixed block (21) through a screw-type connection to cause the locking and unlocking of the barrel and the bolt for axial movements, characterized in that: said fixed block (21) has a tooth (20) extending toward the barrel and two axially spaced abutments (23, 24) on opposite side of said tooth (20), said barrel has a side defining a groove (18, 19) with an initial rectilinear groove portion (18), extending substantially parallel to a central axis of said barrel followed by a helicoidal groove portion (19), said barrel has another side defining a forward projection shoulder (17), said block tooth (20) is engaged with said groove (18-19) of the barrel (11) as a screw connection, whereby said barrel rotates relative to said tooth as said tooth engages said helicoidal groove portion upon axial movement of said barrel, upon rotation of said barrel said shoulder coming into register with said bolt longitudinal groove (26), thereby allowing said bolt to move rearwardly to its open position. A semiautomatic pistol construction according to claim 1, wherein said rectilinear groove portion (18) followed by said helicoidal groove portion (19) are formed cut into a section (14) extending radially outwardly of a surface of said barrel, said rectilinear groove portion (18) being positioned rearwardly of said helicoidal groove portion (19), said section (14) having axially spaced end stops (15,16) engageable with corresponding axially spaced abutments (23-24) of said fixed block (21). A semiautomatic pistol construction according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said bolt (12) and barrel (11) recoil together upon firing of the semiautomatic pistol for a first part of an opening stroke as stop plane (25) in the bolt engages forward projecting shoulder (17) of the barrel, and barrel is connected (18,19,20) to said fixed block for allowing a first stroke part upon recoil in which said bolt and barrel are displaced with respect to said stock without any relative motion and a second stroke part in which said barrel rotates with respect to said bolt allowing said bolt to move indipendent rearwardly into its open position and for limiting the axial movement of said barrel.

Inventors: BERETTA PIER GIUSEPPE, BERETTA, PIER GIUSEPPE
Applicants: BERETTA ARMI SPA, FABBRICA D'ARMI P.BERETTA S.P.A.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: F41A5
IPC codes: F41A5