Emulation system capable of complying with microcomputers having different on-chip memory capacities

Abstract: An emulation system which includes an evaluation chip, a program memory and a data memory and is coupled to an external memory. The emulation system comprises an area discriminater for discriminating whether or not a space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is within an on-chip area of a target microcomputer and notifying the result of discrimination to the evaluation chip. On the basis of the result of discrimination, the evaluation chip operates to access the data memory when the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip area of the target microcomputer and the external memory when the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is not within the on-chip area of the target microcomputer.

Description: Background of the Invention Field of the invention The present invention relates to an emulation system according to the preamble part of claim 1. Such an emulation system is known from Electronic Design, vol. 34, No. 28, 27.11.1986, pages 41-42, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ, US; D. Tunick: "32-bit tools target 68020 development". Description of related art At present, so-called emulation systems are indispensable to development of programs for different microcomputers. However, the conventional emulation system is constructed under the assumption that a target microcomputer to be emulated has an on-chip memory area of a fixed capacity, for example 256 bytes, and a memory area exceeding 256 bytes is provided as an external memory. Therefore, if a target microcomputer chip having an on-chip memory area of for example 512 bytes is emulated, a first half of the 512 bytes is accessed as an on-chip memory access, but a second half of the 512 bytes is accessed as an external memory access. In other words, the second half of the 512 bytes cannot be properly emulated as on-chip memory access. With the advanced integrated circuit technology, on the other hand, recent LSIs can access to an on-chip memory with two cycles although they still require five cycles for access to an external memory (not the on-chip memory). If the above mentioned second half of the 512 bytes is accessed as an external memory access, the emulation cannot be executed by the emulation system under the same access time as in the case of the target microcomputer. Summary of the Invention Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an emulation system which has overcome the above mentioned defect of the conventional one. Another object of the present invention is to provide an emulation system capable of emulating an access to an on-chip memory of a target microcomputer having even a large memory capacity, with the access speed of the target microcomputer. The above and other objects of the present invention are achieved by the features of claim 1. With the above mentioned arrangement, the size or scale of the on-chip memory area is not set within the evaluation chip, but the discriminating means discriminates whether or not the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip memory area of the target microcomputer, and the result of discrimination is notified to the evaluation chip. This discrimination can be performed, for example, by decoding an address outputted from the evaluation chip. Therefore, the size or scale which should be deemed as the on-chip memory area can be freely set in the discriminating means, and accordingly, the emulation chip can emulate various target memories having different on-chip memory capacities. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a block diagram of a conventional emulation system; Figure 2 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the conventional emulation system in the case of accessing to the on-chip memory area; Figure 3 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the conventional emulation system in the case of accessing to the external memory; Figure 4 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the emulation system in accordance with the present invention; Figure 5 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the emulation system shown in Figure 4 in the case of accessing to the on-chip memory area; Figure 6 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the emulation system shown in Figure 4 in the case of accessing to the external memory; Figure 7 is a memory map illustrating an on-chip memory area of 256 bytes in the first embodiment; Figure 8 is a memory map illustrating an on-chip memory area of 512 bytes in the first embodiment; Figure 9 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the emulation system in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 10 is a memory map illustrating an on-chip memory area in the second embodiment. Description of the Preferred embodiments Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a diagram of one example of the conventional emulation system, which can access to an external memory and is able to emulate a microcomputer having an on-chip memory therein. The shown emulation system comprises an evaluation chip 10 which includes therein a central processing unit (called "CPU" hereinafter) 12, an external bus interface 14 and a data memory interface 16. The evaluation chip 10 is coupled to a program memory 20 storing a program therein, through a program address bus 22 which is used for supplying a program address from the evaluation chip 10 to the program memory 20 and through a program data bus 24 which is used for supplying a program read from the program memory 20 to the evaluation chip 10. Furthermore, the evaluation chip 10 is coupled to a data memory 30 through a memory address bus 32 which is used for supplying a memory address from the evaluation chip 10 to the data memory 30 and through a memory data bus 34 which is used for transferring data between the data memory 30 and the CPU 12 of the evaluation chip 10. In addition, the evaluation chip 10 generates a memory write signal 36 and a memory read signal 38 to the data memory 30. There is also provided a high order or place address latch 40 which has an input coupled to the memory address bus 32 for temporarily latching a high place portion of an address supplied onto the memory address bus 32. This latch 40 is connected to receive a high place address latch enable signal 42 from the evaluation chip 10, and has an output coupled to the data memory 30 for supplying the latched high place address to the data memory 30. Furthermore, the evaluation chip 10 is coupled to an external memory 50 through an external address bus 52 which is used for supplying a memory address from the evaluation chip 10 to the external memory 50 and through an external data bus 54 which is used for transferring data between the external memory 50 and the CPU 12 of the evaluation chip 10. In addition, the evaluation chip 10 generates an external memory write signal 56 and an external memory read signal 58 to the external memory 50. Here, assume that the CPU 12 can access a space of 64 Kbytes. In addition, assume that an area from an address "FE00 H " to an address "FEFF H " (256 bytes in total) are set as an on-chip memory area of a target chip or microcomputer, and two system clocks are required to access the on-chip memory area. Here, the suffix "H" attached to the address indicates a hexadecimal notation. Therefore, if the CPU 12 fetches an instruction from the program memory 20 and the result of the instruction decoding indicates that data "96 H " should be written to an address "FE5A H ", since the high place portion of the address is "FE H ", the CPU judges that the data should be written to the on-chip memory area and then starts a necessary write operation. Referring to Figure 2, there is illustrated a timing chart of the operation of the emulation system in the case of accessing to the on-chip memory area. First, the CPU 12 outputs the high place address "FE H " to the memory address bus 32, and at the same time, activates the high place address latch enable signal 42, so that the high place address "FE H " is latched to the high place address latch 40 in a state T 1 shown in Figure 2. In this condition, the latch 40 supplies the high place address "FE H " to the data memory 30. Thereafter, the CPU 12 outputs a lower place address "5A H " to the memory address bus 32, and at the same time, outputs the data "96 H " to the memory data bus 34 and activates the memory write signal 36. Thus, the data "96 H " is written from the CPU 12 to the address "FE5A H " of the data memory 30 (state T 2 ). A read operation can be executed similarly to the above mentioned write operation, except that the memory read signal 38 is activated in place of the memory write signal 36 and the CPU 12 fetches data read out onto the memory data bus 34 from the memory 30. Now, operation for accessing to the external memory, i.e., a memory area other than the on-chip memory, will be explained. If the CPU 12 fetches an instruction from the program memory 20 and the result of the instruction decoding indicates that data "96 H " should be written to an address "FD5A H " which does not exist within the on-chip memory area, the CPU judges that the data should be written to a memory area other than the on-chip memory area. In this case, the CPU 12 access through an external bus interface 14 to the memory 50 external to the emulation system. Five system clocks are required for this access. Figure 3 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the conventional emulation system in the case of accessing to the external memory. First, the CPU 12 outputs the high place address "FD H " to the external address bus 52 in a state T 1 shown in Figure 3. Thereafter, the CPU 12 outputs the lower place address "5A H " to the external address bus 52, and at the same time, outputs the data "96 H " to the external data bus 54 and activates the external write signal 56. Thus, the data "96 H " is written from the CPU 12 to the address "FD5A H " of the memory area other than the on-chip memory area (state T 2 ). However, the state T 2 for the external access is composed of four system clocks. A read operation can be executed similarly to the above mentioned write operation, except that the external read signal 58 is activated in place of the external write signal 56 and the CPU 12 fetches data read out onto the external data bus 54 from the external memory. In the above mentioned example, if a target microcomputer has therein an on-chip memory area whose capacity exceeds 256 bytes, an access to a portion of the on-chip memory area exceeding 256 bytes will be processed as an external access which needs the five system clocks. Therefore, the portion of the on-chip memory area exceeding 256 bytes cannot be properly emulated as an on-chip memory area access. Now, an embodiment of the emulation system in accordance with the present invention will be explained with reference to Figures 4 to 8. Figure 4 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the emulation system in accordance with the present invention. Figure 5 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the emulation system in the case of accessing to the on-chip memory area, and Figure 6 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the emulation system in the case of accessing to the external memory. Figure 7 is a memory map illustrating an on-chip memory area of 256 bytes, and Figure 8 is a memory map illustrating an on-chip memory area of 512 bytes. In Figure 4, elements similar or corresponding to those shown in Figure 1 are given the same Reference Numerals, and explanation thereof will be omitted. As seen from comparison between Figures 1 and 4, the first embodiment of the emulation system in accordance with the present invention additionally comprises an area discriminater 60, which is in turn coupled to the memory address bus 32 and connected to receive the high place address latch enable signal 42, and which generates an area designation signal 62 to the evaluation chip 10. When the high place address latch enable signal 42 is activated, the area discriminater fetches the high place address on the memory address bus 32, and discriminates whether or not the address to be accessed is within the on-chip memory area. If the address to be accessed is within the on-chip memory area, the area discriminater 60 activates the area designation signal 62 so as to notify the CPU 12 that the address to be accessed is within the on-chip memory area. On the other hand, if the address to be accessed is not within the on-chip memory area, the area discriminater 60 does not activate the area designation signal 62. Since the area discriminater 60 discriminates whether or not the address to be accessed is within the on-chip memory area, it is possible to freely set or designate an address extent assigned to the on-chip memory area. In other words, it is possible to freely determine a first address and a last address of the on-chip memory area. In this embodiment, the CPU 12 requires two system clocks for access to the on-chip memory area but five system clocks for access to memory areas other than the on-chip memory area. Here, assume that an on-chip memory of the target computer has the capacity of 256 bytes, and the area discriminater 60 is set to judge that addresses "FEOO H " to "FEFF H " are the on-chip memory area as shown in Figure 7. Therefore, if the CPU 12 fetches an instruction from the program memory 20 and the result of the instruction decoding indicates that data "96H" should be written to an address "FE5A H ", the CPU 12 performs a necessary write operation in the sequence as shown in Figure 5 which illustrates a timing chart of the operation of the emulation system in the case of accessing to the on-chip memory area. First, the CPU 12 outputs the high place address "FE H " to the memory address bus 32 and the external address bus 52, and at the same time, activates the high place address latch enable signal 42, so that the high place address "FE H " is latched to the high place address latch 40 in a state T 1 shown in Figure 2. When the high place address latch enable signal 42 is activated, the area discriminater 60 discriminates whether or not the address "FE H " on the memory address bus 32 is within a space assigned to the on-chip memory area. In this case, since the address "FE H " is within the space assigned to the on-chip memory area, the area discriminater 60 activates the area designation signal 62, and in response to the activated designation signal 62, the CPU 12 judges that the access is directed to the on-chip memory area (state T 1 ). Thereafter, the CPU 12 outputs a lower place address "5A H " to the memory address bus 32, and at the same time, outputs the data "96 H " to the memory data bus 34 and also activates the memory write signal 36. At this time, since the CPU 12 had already judged in the state T 1 that the access is directed to the on-chip memory area, the CPU executes the access of two system clocks. Thus, the data "96 H " is written from the CPU 12 to the address "FE5A H " of the data memory 30 (state T 2 ) as the access to the on-chip memory area. A read operation can be executed similarly to the above mentioned write operation, except that the memory read signal 38 is activated in place of the memory write signal 36 and the CPU 12 fetches data read out on the memory data bus 34 from the memory 30. If the CPU 12 fetches an instruction from the program memory 20 and the result of the instruction decoding indicates that data "96 H " should be written to an address "FD5A H " which does not exist within the on-chip memory area, the CPU 12 starts a necessary write operation in the sequence as shown in Figure 6 which illustrates a timing chart of the operation of the emulation system in the case of accessing to the external memory area. First, the CPU 12 outputs the high place address "FD H " to the memory address bus 32 and the external address bus 52 in a state T 1 shown in Figure 6. At the same time, the CPU activates the high place address latch enable signal 42. When the high place address latch enable signal 42 is activated, the area discriminater 60 discriminates whether or not the address "FD H " on the memory address bus 32 is within a space assigned to the on-chip memory area. In this case, since the address "FD H " is not within a space assigned to the on-chip memory area, the area discriminater 60 does not activate the area designation signal 62. As a result, the CPU 12 judges that the access is not directed to the on-chip memory area (state T 1 ). Thereafter, the CPU 12 outputs the lower place address "5A H " to the external address bus 52, and at the same time, outputs the data "96 H " to the external data bus 54 and activates the external write signal 56. Thus, the data "96 H " is written from the CPU 12 through the external bus interface 14 to the address "FD5A H " of the memory area (the external memory 50) other than the on-chip memory area (state T 2 ). In the external access, however, the state T 2 is composed of four system clocks. A read operation can be executed similarly to the above mentioned write operation, except that the external read signal 58 is activated in place of the external write signal 56 and the CPU 12 fetches data read out onto the external data bus 54 from the external memory. In the case of emulating a target microcomputer having an on-chip memory of 512 bytes, it is assumed that the area discriminater 60 is set to judge that addresses "FDOO H " to "FEFF H " are the on-chip memory area as shown in Figure 8. In this case, if the CPU 12 fetches an instruction from the program memory 20 and the result of the instruction decoding indicates that data "96 H " should be written to an address "FD5A H ", the CPU starts a necessary write operation in the sequence as mentioned below. First, the CPU 12 outputs the high place address "FD H ", to the memory address bus 32 and the external address bus 52, and at the same time, activates the high place address latch enable signal 42. In response to the activated high place address latch enable signal 42, the area discriminater 60 discriminates whether or not the address "FD H " on the memory address bus 32 is within a space assigned to the on-chip memory area. In this case, since the address "FD H " is within a space assigned to the on-chip memory area, the area discriminater 60 activates the area designation signal 62. As a result, the CPU 12 write the data "96 H " to the address "FD5A H " as the access to the on-chip memory area, similarly to the above mentioned on-chip memory area writing operation in the case that the capacity of the on-chip memory area is set to 256 bytes. If an instruction fetched from the program memory 20 were an instruction indicating that data "96 H " should be written to an address "FC5A H ," the data "96 H " is written to the address FC5A H " as the access to a memory area other than the on-chip memory area. In place of the external memory 50 which is accessed through the external bus interface 14, it is possible to provide, within the emulation system, a memory which can be accessed with the same access cycle as that for the external memory 50, so that the access to the external memory can be emulated by use of the internal memory. Referring to Figure 9, there is shown a block diagram of a second embodiment of the emulation system in accordance with the present invention. In Figure 9, elements similar or corresponding to those shown in Figure 4 are given the same Reference Numerals, and explanation thereof will be omitted. As seen from comparison between Figures 4 and 9, the second embodiment shown in Figure 9 additionally includes a second data memory 30A, which is in turn coupled to the memory address bus 32, the memory data bus 34 and the high place address latch 40 and also connected to receive the memory write signal 36 and the memory read signal 38. The second data memory 30A is provided for emulating the target microcomputer, similarly to the first data memory 30, but is different from the first data memory 30 in the number of required access cycles. In addition, the area discriminater 60 generates not only the area designation signal 62 but also a second designation signal 62A. Both of the first and second designation signals 62 and 62A indicate whether or not the address to be accessed is within the on-chip memory area. However, the area designation signal 62 designates the first data memory 30 and the second designation signal 62A indicates the second data memory 30A. Now, assume that a target microcomputer having a memory map shown in Figure 10 is emulated. Addresses "FE00 H " to "FEFF H " are assigned to an on-chip memory area 1 that requires two cycles for access, and addresses "FC00 H " to "FCFF H " are assigned to an on-chip memory area 2 that requires three cycles for access. In this case, the area discriminater 60 is set to activate the first area designation signal 62 when the CPU accesses any of the addresses "FE00 H " to FEFF H " and the second area designation signal 62A when the CPU accesses any of the addresses "FC00 H " to "FCFF H ". Thus, if an instruction fetched from the program memory 20 indicates that data 96 H " should be written to an address "FE5A H ", the data "96 H " is written to the first data memory 30 with two system cycles. On the other hand, if an instruction fetched from the program memory 20 indicates that data "96 H " should be written to an address "FC5A H ", the data "96 H " is written to the second data memory 30A with three system cycles. As seen from the above, in the case of emulating a target microcomputer having a plurality of on-chip memories that require different numbers of access cycles, respectively, the second embodiment can emulate the target microcomputer with the proper numbers of access cycles. As will be apparent from the above explanation, the evaluation chip (the CPU) does not determine whether or not the access space is within the on-chip memory area. The area discriminater receives a high place address of the address which is supplied from the evaluation chip, and discriminates whether or not the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip memory area. In addition, the area discriminater notifies the result of discrimination to the evaluation chip to cause the evaluation chip to execute an access operation with reference to the result of discrimination. Accordingly, it is possible to emulate various target microcomputers having different on-chip memory area capacities, with respective proper access cycles.

Claims: An emulation system which includes an evaluation chip (10), a program memory (20) and a data memory (30) and is coupled to an external memory (50), characterized by means (60) for discriminating whether or not a space to be accessed by the evaluation chip (10) is within an on-chip memory area of a target microcomputer and notifying the result of discrimination to the evaluation chip (10), so that the evaluation chip (10) operates to access the data memory (30) at a predetermined access timing when the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip (10) is within the on-chip memory area of the target microcomputer and the external memory (50) at another predetermined access timing when the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip (10) is not within the on-chip memory area of the target microcomputer. An emulation system claimed in Claim 1 characterized in that the program memory (20) stores a program, the data memory (30) is provided for emulating the target microcomputer, and the evaluation chip (10) is coupled to the program memory (20) and has therein a processing unit (12) executing an operation in accordance with the program stored in the program memory, the evaluation chip (10) also including therein a data memory interface (16) for accessing to the data memory (30) and an external bus interface (14) for accessing an external memory (50) outside of the emulation system, and that said means (60) for discriminating whether or not a space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip memory area of the target microcomputer and notifying the result of discrimination to the evaluation chip, is coupled to the evaluation chip (10) so that the evaluation chip (10) operates to access the data memory (30) through the data memory interface (16) when the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip memory area of the target microcomputer and the external memory (50) through the external bus interface (14) when the space to be accessed by the evaluation chip is not within the on-chip memory area of the target microcomputer. An emulation system claimed in claim 2 wherein the discriminating means (60) is coupled to receive an address from the evaluation chip (10) for decoding the address so as to determine whether or not the address outputted by the evaluation chip (10) is within an on-chip area of the target microcomputer, the discriminating means (60) outputting an area designation signal (62) to the evaluation chip (10) when the address outputted by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip area of the target microcomputer. An emulation system claimed in claim 3 wherein the discriminating means (60) is coupled to receive a predetermined high place portion (42) of the address outputted from the evaluation chip (10). An emulation system claimed in claim 2 wherein the evaluation chip (10) is coupled to the data memory (30) through a memory address bus (32) and a memory data bus (34) and also through the memory address bus to a high place address latch (40) which is in turn coupled to the data memory (30), and the evaluation chip (10) generates a high place address latch enable signal (42) to the high place address latch (40) when the evaluation chip outputs a high place address to the memory address bus (32), and wherein the discriminating means (60) is coupled to the memory address bus (32) and is connected to receive high place address latch enable signal so that when the high place address latch enable signal is activated, the discriminating means (60) executes an operation for discriminating whether or not the address outputted by the evaluation chip (10) is within an on-chip area of the target microcomputer and then generates an area designation signal (62) to the evaluation chip when the address outputted by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip area of the target microcomputer. An emulation system claimed in claim 5 further including a second data memory (30A) and wherein the discriminating means (60) generates a first area designation signal (62) to the evaluation chip (10) when the address outputted by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip area portion of the target microcomputer corresponding to the first data memory (30), and a second area designation signal (62A) to the evaluation chip (10) when the address outputted by the evaluation chip is within the on-chip area portion of the target microcomputer corresponding to the second data memory (30A).

Inventors: TAMURA TOSHINORI, TAMURA, TOSHINORI, TAMURA, TOSHINORI C/O NEC CORPORATION
Applicants: NIPPON ELECTRIC CO, NEC CORPORATION
Application year: 1989
Main classification: G06F9
IPC codes: G06F12, G06F11, G06F9, G06F15