BALL VALVE

Abstract: A ball valve, in which the spherical obturator (3) is provided, in addition to the through-hole (3a), with an additional hole (11) for a reduced supply, the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the through-hole (3a) and lies in a plane perpendicular relative to the axis of rotation of the spherical ob­ turator (3). There is provided inside valves with a straight body (1), in the region of the seal (4) on the fluid inlet side, at least one opening (12) bypassing the said seal (4). The improved ball valves (A, B) may therefore also be used in areas where regulation of the throughput is required, for example as dual-flow regulator valves for heating system radiators, in mixing plants and the like.

Description: The present invention relates to a ball valve. Although, in the text, reference is made to ball valves, the same expression is also intended to refer to ball cocks, which have substantially the same structure. Ball valves are commonly found in gas and water supply systems both of the domestic and industrial type. These valves comprise a spherical obturator which has an axial opening (in the case of straight valves) or an elbow-shaped opening (in the case of elbow valves) and is accommodated between two seals inside a chamber which communicates with the two unions provided at the ends of the valve body. The spherical obturator can be actuated by means of a rod supporting externally an operating handle. As is well-known, ball valves are used as shut-off valves or opening/closing valves. This is due mainly to two reasons. The first reason is to do with the design and consists in the fact that the change-over from the open position to the closed position, and vice versa, is performed by means of a brief rotation of the spherical obturator through 90°. The movement, moreover, is extremely smooth and there are no intermediate positions. Thus it would be somewhat difficult to make frequent intermediate adjustments of a certain accuracy. The said adjustments would, moreover, be somewhat unstable. The second reason is to do with the operation and consists in the fact that, when the spherical obturator is set to intermediate positions, the annular seals are exposed partially to the through-flow. In the case of a hot fluid, the temperature of the said fluid would result in various thermal stresses on the various parts of the annular seals, as a result of which, upon various subsequent rotations of the ball valve, the sharp edges on the said valve, produced by the through-hole, would cause pinching of the seals, irreversibly damaging the sealing action of the said seals. Although extremely advantageous from the point of view of design, being easily and rapidly operated and extremely reliable as regards sealing action, the known ball valves cannot consequently be used as proper regulator valves. The said valves are therefore excluded from numerous areas of application. In AT-B-387 268 is disclosed a ball valve according to the features of the preamble of independent claims 1 and 3 whose spherical obturator in addition to a conventional through-hole is provided with an additional hole connecting the through-hole with an overflow room within the chamber housing the spherical obturator. The overflow room is in turn connected with the valve inlet union through connecting openings. During the closing rotation of the obturator the through-hole is therefore connected - via overflow room and connecting openings - with the inlet union, so that a pressure compensation occurs. The disclosed ball valve is designed for avoiding water hammering. The object of the present invention is to provide a ball valve which is able to allow variation of the supply flow according to a predetermined ratio with respect to the full throughput of the valve, and in which stresses on partial areas of the seals in both the regulatory positions of the obturator are avoided. The object of the present invention also includes the creation of a ball valve which retains the same dimensions as conventional valves and the additional manufacturing cost of which is so small as to be entirely negligible in practice. The objects of the present invention are achieved, in a ball valve with a straight or elbow-shaped body, in that the said valve has the features described in Claim 1 in the case of valves with a straight body and in Claim 3 in the case of valves with an elbow-shaped body. The ball valves according to the invention offer various important advantages. First of all, the valves proposed may now be used as regulator valves, thereby opening up a very large number of new areas of application for the said valves. Such areas include, for example, heating systems, in which the proposed valves may be used to control the incoming supply of hot water, the said valves being able to switch from full throughput to a reduced throughput, of 50% for example. Such uses are advantageous, for example, in countries with a mild climate, such as for example southern Italy, Greece, etc., where such regulation is undoubtedly regarded as being highly desirable. Other areas of application may consist, for example, in the regulation of the throughputs of mixing fluids, in chemical plants for example. In such plants, any regulation operations involving various stages of subdivision of the flow may advantageously be performed by placing two or more valves according to the invention in series. A further advantage of the said valves consists in the fact that in elbow valves only one additional hole needs to be provided, whereas in valves with a straight body, as well as the additional hole in the ball valve, only one or a few openings bypassing one of the two seals are required. The said openings can be formed directly during pressing of the obturator seat inside the valve body and therefore do not involve any specific additional manufacturing costs. Another advantage of the proposed valves lies in the fact that the seals are never subjected, on their circumference, to thermal stresses of varying intensity. Consequently, a perfect sealing action is ensured, exactly as in conventional ball valves. Yet another advantage of the proposed valves lies in the fact that the same are provided with set positions for closure and the two possible supply throughputs, thereby avoiding with certainty undesired intermediate positions. Other characteristic features, advantages and details of the ball valves according to the invention will emerge more clearly from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which two preferred embodiments are illustrated, one relating to a valve with a straight body and the other relating to a valve with an elbow-shaped body. The drawings show the following in diagrammatic form: in Fig. 1, a vertical middle section, with the parts exploded, of a ball valve with a straight body according to the invention; in Fig. 1b, a side view of Fig. 1 in the direction of the arrow f; in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively, a vertical middle section through the ball valve with a straight body according to Fig. 1, and more precisely in the closed position in Fig. 2, in the open position with full flow in Fig. 3 and in the open position with partial flow in Fig. 4; in Figs. 2a, 3a and 4a, a cross-section along the plane Y-Y of Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively; in Figs. 2b, 3b and 4b, a cross-section, along the plane X-X of Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively; and in Figs. 2c, 3c and 4c, a plan view of the pommel grip shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively; Fig. 5 shows a vertical middle section through an elbow valve according to the invention, in an exploded view; Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show, respectively, a vertical middle section through the valve shown in Fig. 5, with the spherical obturator in the closed position in Fig. 6, in the full-flow position in Fig. 7 and in the reduced-flow position in Fig. 8, respectively; Figs. 6a, 7a and 8a a cross-section along the plane Y-Y of Figs. 6, 7 and 8, respectively; Figs. 6b, 7b and 8b a section along the plane X-X of Figs. 6, 7 and 8 respectively; and Figs. 6c, 7c and 8c a plan view of the pommel grip shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, respectively. Reference will be made initially to the ball valve with a straight body shown in Figs. 1 to 4. The valve is indicated in its entirety by A. The said valve comprises a valve body 1 with a completion sleeve 2. 3 denotes a spherical obturator with a through-hole 3a, while 4 denotes the two seals cooperating with the said obturator, 5 the rod for operating the spherical obturator, 6 the stopper supporting the rod inside the valve body 1 and 7 a pommel grip for operating the obturator 3. The latter is accommodated inside the chamber by means of the valve body 1, the end unions of which are indicated by 8 and 9, respectively. The said unions may obviously have any shape required, either of the male or female type, or, in the case of a cock, one end may be configured in the manner of a supply nozzle. Inside the valve body 1 and inside the completion sleeve 2, seats are denoted by 10, these seats being per se conventional and intended to accommodate seals 4 which are also of the conventional type. Up to this point, the ball valve described has a conventional design. However, according to the invention, an additional hole 11 for the supply of a partial flow is provided in the spherical obturator. The hole 11 therefore has a small section compared to the through-hole 3a and is arranged perpendicularly relative to the latter and, more precisely, with its axis in the plane perpendicular relative to the axis of rotation of the spherical obturator 3. In the drawing, adjacent to the seat 10 for the seal 4 inside the valve body 1, provision is made for openings bypassing the said seat, which openings are indicated by 12 and, in the example shown, four of which are provided in a cross-type arrangement, as can be seen from the side view of Fig. 1b in the direction of the arrow f in Fig. 1. In the same figure, 13 denotes an end-of-travel rib cooperating with stops 14 inside the pommel grip 7 (Figs. 2b, 3b and 4b). With the arrangement according to the invention, it is therefore possible to obtain the three operating conditions illustrated in detail in Figs. 2, 2a, 2b and 2c showing the valve in the closed position, in Figs. 3, 3a, 3b and 3c showing the valve in the open position with full flow, and in Figs. 4, 4a, 4b and 4c showing the valve in the semi-open position, or with partial flow. This partial-flow operation is made possible by the simultaneous presence of the additional hole 11 with a reduced aperture, perpendicular relative to the through-hole 3a, and the presence of the openings 12 bypassing the seal 4 inside the valve body 1, on the fluid inlet side, as can be seen from the various figures, in which the flow movement is indicated by arrows. While in the closed and full-flow position, the presence of the said bypass openings 12 is completely irrelevant, since the ball valve behaves in the manner of conventional valves, when the ball valve is in the position shown in Figs. 4 and 4a, a continuous flow is created between the unions 8 and 9 via the said openings 12 and the said additional hole 11. The individual positions of the spherical obturator 3 are easily discernible externally, for example, with the respective three different operating positions being shown on the pommel grip 7 of the valve (Figs. 2c, 3c and 4c), the black dot 15, on the valve body 1 for example, representing the reference point for reading off the respective position of the spherical obturator 3. In ball valves with an elbow-shaped body B, the modification according to the invention is limited to the provision of the additional hole with a reduced aperture 11 arranged perpendicularly relative to the conventional through-hole 3a. In Figs. 5 to 8, the individual components or parts of the same are indicated by the same references as in Figs. 1 to 4. In this embodiment also, the flow pattern in the various positions is indicated by arrows. In the full-flow position shown in Fig. 7, the fluid flow is exactly the same as that in conventional valves. From this position, by further rotating the spherical obturator 3 through 90°, the additional hole with a reduced aperture 11 is brought opposite the outlet union 9, thereby resulting in a fluid supply with a reduced throughput. The various positions of the spherical obturator 3 in the three operating positions of the straight and right-angled ball valves proposed are clearly visible from the relevant figures, thus making a detailed and repetitive description of such operation superfluous. If, in the plant in question, it is necessary for the throughput to be divided up in several steps, it will therefore be sufficient to insert two or more valves according to the invention in series. In such a case, each valve will supply its own subdivided throughput ratio according to the incoming flow. It will be clear from the structural and functional description given above that, with the ball valves according to the invention, the object forming the basis of the said invention has been effectively achieved, and the advantages mentioned in the introductory part are obtained. In practice, the diameters, or the apertures, of the additional holes with a reduced flow passage, and also the number and the configuration of the openings bypassing the seal on the inlet side of the spherical obturator, may be varied as required, without thereby going outside the protective scope of the present invention. The operating lever also, shown in the form of a pommel grip, may in practice have any desired design. With respect to the valve body, the scope of the present invention also provides for the use of any embodiment of the same.

Claims: Ball valve comprising: a valve body (1) having internally a chamber accomodating a spherical obturator (3); said obturator (3) being provided with a through-hole (3a) and with an additional hole (11) for reduced supply; said additional hole (11) being arranged perpendicularly relative to said through-hole (3a), having a smaller diameter compared to the diameter of said through-hole (3a) and connecting the latter with the external surface of the spherical obturator (3); a fluid inlet union (8) and a fluid outlet union (9), opposing seals supporting said obturator (3a); a rod (5) for rotational operating said obturator (3a), said operator (5) being provided with an associated external operating handle (7); and at least one opening (12) in said valve body (1) bypassing the obturator seal on said fluid inlet union (8), characterized in that the valve body (1) is straight; the additional hole (11) also being arranged perpendicularly relative to the axis of rotation of the obturator (3) and; said obturator (3) can be rotated such, that said additional hole (11) is directly connected with the outlet union (9), whereby the fluid entering the inlet union (8) passes through the said at least one opening (12) into said through-hole (3a), located in a transverse position relative to the direction of flow, and from said through-hole (3a) into the outlet union (9) via said additional hole (11). Ball valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that four openings (12) bypassing the adjacent seal (4) of the spherical obturator (3) are provided on the fluid inlet side (8). Ball valve, comprising: a valve body (1) having internally a chamber accommodating a spherical obturator (3); said obturator (3) being provided with an elbow shaped through-hole (3a) and with an additional hole (11) for reduced supply; said additional hole (11) being arranged perpendicularly relative to said through-hole (3a), having a small diameter compared to the diameter of said through-hole (3a) and connecting the latter with the external surface of the spherical obturator (3); a fluid inlet union (8) and a fluid outlet union (9); opposing seals supporting said obturator (3a); and a rod (5) for rotational operating said obturator (3a), said operator being provided with an associated external operating handle (7); characterized in that the valve body (1) is elbow-shaped; the additional hole (11) also being arranged perpendicularly relative to the axis of rotation of the obturator (3); and said obturator (3) can be rotated such, that said additional hole (11) is directly connected with the outlet union (8), whereby the fluid entering the inlet union (8) passes into said through-hole (3a) and from said through-hole (3a) into the outlet union (9) via said additional hole (11). Ball valve according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that externally on the neck portion of the valve body (1), there is provided an end-of-travel rib (13) cooperating with two end-of-travel shoulders (14) formed on the inside of a handle (7) in the form of a pommel grip which has, on its front visible side, three markings, offset respectively by 90° and indicating, with reference to a read-off point (15), notch or the like provided, for example, on the valve body (1), the real position of the spherical obturator (3). Assembly for regulating the throughput of fluids, characterized in that it comprises two or more spherical valves (A,B) according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 4, connected in series. Use of the ball valves (A,B) according to one or more of the preceding claims as flow regulator valves and cocks.

Inventors: CIMBERIO, RENZO
Applicants: FIMCIM S.R.L.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: F16K11
IPC codes: F16K5