Thermoplastic composite plate material and products molded from the same

Abstract: A thermoplastic composite plate material (4) having a quasi isotropy comprises a thermoplastic resin having a melt viscosity of 1,000-15,000 poise and strip pieces (1) each constructed of unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers and each having the ratio of the width to the length thereof within specific ranges. The strip pieces (1) are randomly distributed in the plane parallel to a surface of the composite plate material (4). Since the composite plate material (4) has good quasi-isotropic and high mechanical properties such as flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength, a composite product having good quasi-isotropic and high mechanical properties can be obtained by using the composite plate materials (4). Moreover, since the composite plate material (4) can be easily fitted into a mould, a composite product having a complicated shape can be easily moulded.

Description: The present invention relates to a composite plate material of a thermoplastic resin and reinforcing fibers (hereinafter referred to as FRTP plate) suitable for use in molding various products constructed from a composite material of the thermoplastic resin and reinforcing fibers (fiber reinforced thermoplastics, hereinafter referred to as FRTP) by stamping or press flow molding method etc., and relates to products molded out of the composite plate material or materials (hereinafter referred to as FRTP products). Various FRTP plates are known. There are two types of FRTP plates, using excessively long reinforcing fibers and using excessively short reinforcing fibers. Typical FRTP plate of the former type comprises unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibers, or reinforcing fibers formed as a fabric or a swirl mat. Typical FRTP plate of the latter type comprises reinforcing fibers formed as a chopped strand mat formation. Although both types of FRTP plates have respective characteristics, recently the former having higher mechanical properties has been more noted than the latter from the viewpoint of use of FRTP material for various mechanical parts which has been broadly developed. The former type of FRTP plates, which use excessively long reinforcing fibers, are disclosed in, for example, JP-B-63-37694 (and corresponding EP-A-0056703) and JP-A-60-36136. The FRTP plates disclosed in these publications are composites of thermoplastic resins and reinforcing fibers orientated in one direction parallel to one another in the form of a sheet. Since the reinforcing fibers are unidirectionally orientated in these FRTP plates, they are very suitable in the case where a product to be molded requires a directivity in its mechanical properties. However, in the case where a quasi isotropy is required for the mechanical properties of a product to be molded, it is required that a plurality of the FRTP plates must be laminated and arranged so as to gradually shift the directions of the reinforcing fibers of the laminated plates when the product is molded. In this molding, if the lamination structure of the FRTP plates is not adequately determined, the anisotropic properties of the molded product increase. The FRTP plates of reinforcing fibers formed as a fabric or a swirl mat are disclosed in, for example, the above-described JP-B-63-37694, JP-B-48-8468 and JP-B-48-9958. The FRTP plates having these formations of reinforcing fibers have anisotropies smaller than those of the FRTP plates using unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers. However, the FRTP plate of reinforcing fibers formed as a fabric is not suitable for molding an FRTP product having a complicated shape such as a shape having many curved surfaces and/or many corners even if an FRTP product having a simple shape such as a plane plate can be easily molded, because the structural stability of a fabric, wherein warp fibers and weft fibers cross crimp each other, is high, and therefore, the fittability of the FRTP plate in molding to a complicated shape is not good. Also in the FRTP plate of reinforcing fibers formed as a swirl mat, the fittability thereof is not good though the anisotropic properties thereof are smaller than those of the FRTP plate of a reinforcing fiber fabric. Therefore, it is difficult to uniformly distribute the reinforcing fibers in a molded FRTP product because the reinforcing fibers of the FRTP plate lack in fluidity during molding. On the other hand, the FRTP plate of excessively short reinforcing fibers formed as a chopped strand mat has an excellent fittability higher than that of any above-described FRTP plate, and can be relatively easily served to mold an FRTP product having a complicated shape. However, since the reinforcing fibers are short and it is difficult to increase the volume content of the reinforcing fibers in the FRTP plate or the FRTP product, the reinforcement effect due to the reinforcing fibers cannot be greatly increased, and therefore, the mechanical properties of the molded FRTP product are not high. To solve such a problem, JP-A-59-62112 proposes that, after a thermoplastic resin is impregnated into or applied on the bundle of reinforcing fibers, the bundle including the thermoplastic resin is cut to many bundle pieces each of which has an excessively long length compared to its width, the bundle pieces are disposed in a required form and the disposed bundle pieces are heated and pressed. According to this process, the thermoplastic resin is impregnated into the reinforcing fibers more completely and the volume content of the reinforcing fibers can be increased to some extent. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the molded FRTP product using the bundle pieces also can be increased to some extent. However, the degree of the increase is not sufficient to satisfy the objects of the present invention at all. Moreover, the common problem in FRTP materials or FRTP products comprising relatively short reinforcing fibers is that the impact resistance thereof is relatively low. It would be desirable to provide an FRTP plate having both the advantage of high mechanical properties caused by using fairly long reinforcing fibers and the advantage of good fittability caused by using fairly short reinforcing fibers, thereby easily molding an FRTP product having high mechanical properties. Further, it would be desirable to provide an FRTP plate having an excellent quasi-isotropic property, thereby making a quasi-isotropic FRTP product easily. Still further, it would be desirable to provide various molded FRTP products which can have excellent mechanical properties by using the FRTP plates. A composite plate material (FRTP plate) according to the present invention is defined in the independant claims 1 and 6. The plate material comprises a thermoplastic resin having a melt viscosity of 1,000-15,000 poise (100-1,500 N.s/m⁻²) at the temperature which the composite plate material is formed and strip pieces each constructed of substantially unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers. The strip pieces are substantially randomly distributed with respect to a plane substantially parallel to a surface of the FRTP plate. Each of the strip pieces has the following dimensions a) a thickness not greater than 0.2mm, b) a width in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fiber orientated direction in the range of 2-25 mm, c) a length in the reinforcing fiber orientated direction in the range of 5-33 mm, and d) a ratio of the width to the length in the range of 0.15-1.5 to 1. Such random distribution of the strip pieces enables the FRTP plate to have a narrow distribution of at least flexural modulus values, and indeed its mechanical properties in general, in different respective directions extending within a plane of the plate so that the plate may be described "quasi - isotropic" in that plane. The FRTP plate according to the present invention comprises a thermoplastic resin and strip pieces of reinforcing fibers. The thermoplastic resin has a melt viscosity of 1,000-15,000 poise (100-1,500 N s/m⁻²) at the temperature which the FRTP plate is formed. Each of the strip pieces is constructed of unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers. Each of the strip pieces is formed as a small composite plate piece 1, constructed of unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers 2 and a thermoplastic resin 3 pre-impregnated into the reinforcing fibers as shown in FIG. 2, or formed as a strip piece constructed of only unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers, as described later. The strip pieces are randomly distributed in plane parallel to a surface of a composite plate (FRTP plate) 4, and the FRTP plate 4, as shown in FIG. 1, is composed of reinforcing fibers 2 and the thermoplastic resin 3 in the manners described later. In the FRTP plate according to the present invention, a thermoplastic resin having a melt viscosity of 1,000-15,000 poise at the temperature which the FRTP plate is formed can be used. As such a thermoplastic, polyamide resin such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610 and nylon 612, or co-polyamide resin of these polyamide resins can be used. Also, polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, or co-polyester resin of these polyester resins can be used. Further, a thermoplastic resin such as polycarbonate, polyamide-imide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyolefin and polyether-imide can be used. Furthermore, the thermoplstic resin can be selected from thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane elastomer, polyester elastomer and polyamide elastomer. The melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin at a temperature which the FRTP plate is formed is measured by a capillary type viscometer. The actual measurement is carried out at just or near the temperature which the FRTP plate is formed and in the area of low shear rate, S in FIG. 3 which shows the typical relationship between shear rate and melt viscosity. As shown in FIG. 3, there are almost no effects of the shear rate on the melt viscosity in the area S. The measurement temperature is selected from the range higher than the melting point and lower than the decomposition point in a crystalline resin and from the range higher than the softening point and lower than the decomposition point in a non-crystalline resin. The reinforcing fibers are selected as at least one kind of fiber from high strength and high elastic modulus fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, polyaramid fibers, alumina fibers, alumina-silica fibers and silicon carbide fibers. The content of the reinforcing fibers is preferably in the range of 20-60 vol. %, more preferably 30-50 vol.%. In the present invention, the FRTP plate or the FRTP product can have a hybrid structure by using two or more kinds of thermoplastic resin and/or two or more kinds of reinforcing fiber. In the FRTP plate according to the present invention, the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin and the length and width of the strip piece are very important to achieve the aforementioned objects. Since the strip pieces are randomly distributed in plane parallel to a surface of the FRTP plate, the strip pieces are laminated at least partially to one another. Thus, there exist fine clearances in the laminated portions, or portions where the thermoplastic resin is rich if the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly impregnated into the reinforcing fibers. A stress concentration occurs predominantly at these portions, when an external force is applied and the fracture of the FRTP plate starts at the portions and propagates. The melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin is very important to prevent this stress concentration. Namely, if the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin is lower than 1,000 poise (100 N s/m⁻²), the thermoplastic resin is liable to stick out from the strip piece of the reinforcing fibers and/or the alignment of the reinforcing fibers is liable to be disturbed by the excessive flow of the resin, when the resin is impregnated into the reinforcing fibers. The sticking out of the thermoplastic resin causes non-uniform distribution of the reinforcing fibers in the resin of the FRTP plate, thereby causing stress concentration at the non-uniform portions and deterioration of the mechanical properties of the FRTP plate and the FRTP product. The disturbance of the reinforcing fibers also causes deterioration of the mechanical properties. If the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin is higher than 15,000 poise (1,500 N s/m⁻²), the impregnation of the resin into the reinforcing fibers deteriorates. Further, even if the impregnation of the thermoplastic resin is not so bad, the clearances at the laminated portions of the strip pieces in the FRTP plate are liable to remain because the configuration holding ability of each strip piece including the thermoplastic resin increases. Thus, the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin is important to form an FRTP plate which has no clearances at the positions where the strip pieces laminate to one another and which has no resin-rich portion. Moreover, if the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin in the FRTP plate is in the above-described range, i.e. 1,000-15,000 poise (100-1,500 N s/m⁻²), the reinforcing fibers impregnated with the resin appropriately move, the fittability of the FRTP plate improves and the distribution of the reinforcing fibers in an FRTP product becomes more uniform when the FRTP plate is heated and pressed to mold the FRTP product, because the temperature of the molding for the FRTP product is generally similar to the temperature at which the FRTP plate is formed. The thickness of the strip pieces is not greater than 0.2 mm in the present invention. By observing carefully the failure process in the FRTP plate to which an external force is being applied, it is understood that the stress to be distributed uniformly along the reinforcing fibers concentrates at the positions where the strip pieces laminate to one another and the lamination positions are apt to become starting points for the breakage of the FRTP plate. This is caused by such a lamination state as shown in FIG. 4 wherein the strip piece 5 of the reinforcing fibers is bent in the thickness direction of the strip piece at the lamination position 6 and the position near the lamination position. The thickness of the strip pieces must be sufficiently small to suppress the stress concentration due to the bending of the strip pieces to a small extent. From this point of view, the thickness of the strip pieces in the present invention is determined to be not greater than 0.2 mm, preferably 0.1 mm. The thickness of the strip piece in the present invention means the total thickness of the reinforcing fibers constituting the strip piece. In the case where the thermoplastic resin is pre-impregnated into the reinforcing fibers constituting the strip piece to form a small composite plate piece constructed of the thermoplastic resin and the reinforcing fibers, the thickness of the strip piece of the reinforcing fibers can be measured in the cross section of the small composite plate piece. However, the thickness of the strip pieces constructed of the reinforcing fibers can be determined to be almost the same as the thickness t (FIG. 2) of the small composite plate piece constructed of the reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic resin in the present invention. With respect to the relationship between the width W (FIG. 2) of the strip piece and the mechanical properties of the FRTP plate, the width of the strip piece greatly affects the impact resistance of the FRTP plate. Namely, the larger the width of the strip piece is, the higher the Charpy or Izod impact strength of the strip piece becomes. This is due to the fact that each strip piece impregnated with the thermoplastic resin is regarded as a small FRTP plate including unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers, such a small FRTP plate can have a high deformation resistance in accordance with bending, buckling or shear, and therefore, the small FRTP plate (the strip piece including the resin) having a larger width is more profitable for increase of its impact resistance. On the other hand, when the failure mode of the FRTP plate to which an external force was applied is observed, it is revealed that the initial breakage occurs at the end positions of the strip pieces in the direction parallel to the reinforcing fibers because the stress due to the external force concentrates on the end portions of the reinforcing fibers. Therefore, if the width of the strip pieces is too large in comparison with the length L (FIG. 2) of the strip pieces, the FRTP plate cannot have high mechanical properties because the area or the rate of the stress concentrated portions in the FRTP plate increases. Accordingly, an adequate range to be selected exists with respect to the relationship between the width and length of the strip piece. In the present invention, the width of the strip piece is set in the range of 2-25 mm, preferably 5-20 mm, and the ratio of the width and length of the strip piece is set in the range of 0.15-1.5, preferably 0.2-1.0. If the width of the strip pieces is smaller than 2 mm, it is difficult to achieve the above-described operation when using such small composite plate pieces constructed of reinforcing fibers and thermoplastic resin, and the impact resistance of the FRTP plate decreases. If the width of the strip pieces is larger than 25 mm, the impact resistance and other mechanical properties of the FRTP plate also decreases because the degree of stress concentration at the end portions of the strip pieces increases. The stress concentration at the end portions of the strip pieces is also affected by the length of the strip pieces; however, if the ratio of the width to the length of the strip pieces is smaller than 0.15, i.e. the strip pieces are longer and more slender pieces, the impact resistance of the FRTP plate decreases for the resin described above in relation to narrow pieces, even if the stress concentration at the end portions of the strip pieces decreases. On the other hand, if the ratio is larger than 1.5, the stress concentration at the end portions of the strip pieces increases, and therefore, an FRTP plate having high mechanical properties cannot be obtained. The relationship between the rigidity of such an FRTP plate according to the present invention and the length of the reinforcing fibers used for the FRTP plate can be determined using a modified Halpin-Tsai equation (J. C. Halpin, J. of Composite Materials, vol. 3, page 732, 1969). According to this equation, the longer the reinforcing fibers are, the higher the rigidity of the FRTP plate becomes, but if the length of the reinforcing fibers is larger than a certain value, the contribution due to the length of the reinforcing fibers to the increase of the rigidity decreases. On the other hand, in a press flow molding method, for example, the reinforcing fibers having a smaller length can move more easily, thereby obtaining an FRTP product having a complicated shape more easily. From these points of view, the length of the reinforcing fibers, i.e. the length of the strip pieces, must be selected from the range of 5-30 mm, more preferably 10-25 mm, to form an FRTP plate excellent in practical use and having good mechanical properties. If the length of the strip pieces is smaller than 5 mm, the rigidity of the FRTP plate and the FRTP product obtained decreases to a great extent. Moreover, the width of the strip pieces must be reduced corresponding to the small length of the strip pieces to ensure high flexural properties, but the FRTP plate or product using such strip pieces deteriorates in impact resistance. If the length of the strip pieces is larger than 30 mm, it is difficult to obtain a good quasi-isotropic property of the FRTP plate and uniformly distribute the reinforcing fibers in the FRTP plate and FRTP product because the fluidity of the reinforcing fibers decreases in forming process of the FRTP plate and molding process of the FRTP product, even if the rigidity of the FRTP plate or product increases. The FRTP plate according to the present invention is formed as follows. In a first method, the strip pieces are made as small composite plate pieces constructed of the reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic resin pre-impregnated thereinto before the FRTP plate is formed. For example, the bundle of reinforcing fibers is continuously coated with the molten thermoplastic resin by extrusion, the coated bundle of reinforcing fibers is passed between a pair of rollers heated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, the impregnation of the resin into the reinforcing fibers and the flattening of the bundle including the resin and the reinforcing fibers are carried out by pressing the bundle between the pair of rollers, and thereafter, the bundle flattened and impregnated with the resin is cut at a predetermined length to make strip pieces including the reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic resin. Alternatively, the bundle of reinforcing fibers already impregnated with the thermoplastic resin is continuously touched onto a bar heated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, the bundle is widened and flattened, and thereafter, the bundle is cut at a predetermined length to make strip pieces. The strip pieces including the thermoplastic resin are randomly distributed in a cavity of a mold in order that they are randomly oriented in plane parallel to a surface of an FRTP plate to be formed. Then the mold is closed, and the distributed strip pieces are heated and pressed to form the FRTP plate by compression molding. In a second method, the strip pieces are made as pieces constructed of only reinforcing fibers before the step of forming the FRTP plate. For example, the bundle of the reinforcing fibers impregnated with a sizing agent is widened to predetermined width and thickness, the widened bundle is cut at a predetermined length to make strip pieces of the reinforcing fibers, and the strip pieces with a required cut length are randomly distributed in plane parallel to a surface of an FRTP plate to be formed. The powder of thermoplastic resin is scattered on the distributed strip pieces or the distributed strip pieces are sandwiched by films of thermoplastic resin, and the strip pieces with the thermoplastic resin powder or the strip pieces sandwiched by the thermoplastic resin films are heated and pressed at a temperature higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin to form the FRTP plate required. In the FRTP plate thus obtained, the strip pieces of the unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers are randomly distributed in a plane parallel to a surface of the FRTP plate and the strip pieces are randomly laminated and connected to one another by the thermoplastic resin. This random lamination and distribution of the strip pieces results in a sufficient quasi-isotropic property of the FRTP plate in a plane thereof. In the present invention, that an FRTP plate is quasi-isotropic in relation to a mechanical property, for example, flexural modulus, means that the FRTP plate is in the state wherein that mechanical property of the FRTP plate in any two directions perpendicular to each other and in a direction at an angle of 45 degrees to the above directions in the plane of the FRTP plate are in the range of ±10% in the dispersion of the mechanical property. The FRTP plate has a thickness of, for example, 0.5-20 mm, more preferably 2-10 mm, and includes a relatively thin plate which is generally called a sheet. The FRTP plate or plates obtained are served to mold various FRTP products as described later in examples. The accompanying drawings illustrate several preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a composite plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a strip piece including a thermoplastic resin used for forming the composite plate shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a graph showing a typical relationship between the melt viscosity and the shear rate of a thermoplastic resin and a measurement area for determining the melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin present in a composite plate material embodying the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view of two strip pieces including a thermoplastic resin, showing an example of a laminate construction of strip pieces in a composite plate material embodying the present invention. FIGS. 5A and 5B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates used in a test for determining the fluidity of reinforcing fibers included in the composite plates. FIGS. 6A and 6B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of an FRTP product, and FIG. 6C is a perspective view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 7A and 7B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of another FRTP product, and FIG. 7C is a perspective view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 8A and 8B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, FIG. 8C is a plan view of the molded FRTP product and FIG. 8D is an elevational view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 9A and 9B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, FIG. 9C is a plan view of the molded FRTP product and FIG. 9D is an elevational view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 10A and 10B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, FIG. 10C is a plan view of the molded FRTP product and FIG. 10D is a side view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 11A and 11B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, and FIG. 11C is a perspective view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 12A and 12B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, FIG. 12C is a plan view of the molded FRTP product and FIG. 12D is a side view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 13A and 13B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, and FIG. 13C is a perspective view of the molded FRTP product. FIGS. 14A and 14B are vertical sectional views of molds and composite plates showing the molding of a further FRTP product, and FIG. 14C is a perspective view of the molded FRTP product. Some preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described hereunder with reference to the attached drawings. Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 In Example 1, "AMILAN" CM1010, a nylon 6, melt viscosity at 250°C: 3,000 poise (300 N.s/m⁻²), produced by Toray Industries, Inc. ("AMILAN" is a trademark) is extruded at 260°C around the glass multifilament "ER550" (the diameter of a single filament: 17 µm, the number of filaments: 1,000) produced by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd., and a glass multifilament coated with nylon 6, having glass fiber content of 40 vol.%, is obtained. The obtained glass multifilament with nylon 6 is preheated to a temperature of 260°C by a far infrared radiation heater and the glass multifilament with nylon 6 is the pressed by a pair of rollers heated at 260°C to form a tape having the width of 6 mm and the thickness of 0.09 mm. The tape obtained is cut to make strip pieces impregnated with nylon 6 and having the length of 6 mm. When the cross section of each strip piece obtained is observed, it is evident that the glass fibers are distributed up to both the surfaces of the strip piece, and therefore, the thickness of the glass fibers constituting the strip piece is substantially the same as that of the Strip piece including the nylon 6. The strip pieces are distributed in a cavity of a mold, and compression molded at 260°C to form an FRTP plate having the thickness of 3 mm. Thus the FRTP plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is obtained. In Example 2, the length of strip pieces is set to 13 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. In Example 3, the length of strip pieces is set to 25 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. In Comparative Example 1, the length of strip pieces is set to 3 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. In Comparative Example 2, the length of strip pieces is set to 40 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 1. According to ASTM-D-790, the samples are made from the FRTP plates obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the flexural properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus) of the respective of samples are determined. As shown in Table 1, the flexural properties of the FRTP plate having the longer strip pieces i.e. longer glass fibers can increase in comparison with those of the FRTP plate having the shorter strip pieces. Length of strip piece (mm) Flexural strength (kgf/mm²) Flexural modulus (kgf/mm²) Com. Ex. 1 3 21 1130 Ex. 1 6 27 1210 Ex. 2 13 31 1250 Ex. 3 25 41 1300 Com. Ex. 2 40 43 1320 Next, the samples extending in the direction of angles of 0 degree, 45 degrees and 90 degrees to the respective FRTP plates obtained in Examples 1, 2 and 3 are taken out from the respective FRTP plates. The flexural properties of the respective samples of each FRTP plate are determined. As shown in Table 2, it is understood that all the FRTP plates obtained in Examples 1 to 3 have good quasi-isotropic properties in their plane directions. Flexural strength (kgf/mm²) Flexural modulus (kgf/mm²) Angle 0° 45° 90° 0° 45° 90° Ex. 1 27 28 27 1210 1230 1200 Ex. 2 31 29 32 1250 1210 1290 Ex. 3 41 38 40 1300 1350 1340 Next, the respective FRTP plates obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are heated at 280°C by a far infrared radiation heater, and the same kind of the heated FRTP plates 11a and 11b are stacked two at a time in a cavity 12 of a lower mold 13 as shown in FIG. 5A. The cavity 12 has a cylindrical recessed portion 14 having a depth of 10 mm and an inner diameter of 10 mm at its central portion. An upper mold 15 is closed and pressed at a pressure of 100 kgf/cm² to mold an FRTP product 16 having a thickness of 4 mm in its plate portion and the projection 17 (height: 10 mm, diameter: 10 mm) in its central portion, as shown in FIG. 5B. After molding respective FRTP products 16, projections 17 are cut away from the respective FRTP plates, nylon 6 is burnt off from the respective cut projections, and the volume contents of the glass fibers in the respective projections are determined by measuring the volumes of the remaining glass fibers in the respective burnt projections. As shown in Table 3, in the projection molded from the FRTP plates obtained in Comparative Example 2 wherein the length of the glass fibers is larger than the range according to the present invention, the volume content of the glass fibers is low because the glass fibers do not sufficiently flow into the projection portion. Length of strip piece (mm) Volume content of glass fibers (vol.%) Com. Ex. 1 3 40 Ex. 1 6 40 Ex. 2 13 40 Ex. 3 25 37 Com. Ex. 2 40 28 Examples 4 and 5, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 In Example 4, a nylon 6 having the melt viscosity of 3,000 poise at 260°C is extruded at 260°C around the bundle of carbon fibers "TORAYCA" T300-6K (diameter of a single fiber: 7 µm, number of fibers: 6,000) produced by Toray Industries, Inc., ("TORAYCA" is a trademark) and a bundle of carbon fibers coated with nylon 6, having carbon fiber content of 30 vol.%, is obtained. After the obtained carbon fiber bundle with nylon 6 is preheated to a temperature of 260°C by a far infrared radiation heater, the bundle with nylon 6 is pressed by a pair of rollers heated at 260°C to form a tape having a width of 6 mm and a thickness of 0.13 mm. The tape obtained is cut to make strip pieces impregnated with nylon 6 and having a length of 13 mm. The strip pieces are distributed in a cavity of a mold, and compression molded at 260°C to form an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm. In Example 5, a nylon 6 having a melt viscosity of 12,000 poise at 260°C is used. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 4. In Comparative Example 3, a nylon 6 having a melt viscosity of 500 poise is used. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 4. In this Comparative Example, there are many portions where the nylon 6 has stuck out from the strip pieces of carbon fibers, and the width of the strip pieces disperses relatively greatly. In Comparative Example 4, a nylon 6 having a melt viscosity of 17,000 poise is used. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 4. In this Comparative example, the nylon 6 cannot uniformly impregnate into the bundle of carbon fibers, and the obtained strip pieces with the nylon 6 have voids. According to ASTM-D-790, the samples are made from the FRTP plates obtained in Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4, respectively, and the flexural strength of the respective samples are determined. As shown in Table 4, the flexural strength of the FRTP plate using nylon 6 having a melt viscosity of 500 poise (50 N s/m⁻²), lower than the range according to the present invention or a melt viscosity of 17,000 poise 1,700 N s/m⁻² higher than the range, is lower than that of the FRTP plate using nylon 6 having a melt viscosity within the range. Melt viscosity (poise) Flexural strength (kgf/mm²) Com. Ex. 3 500 25 Ex. 4 3,000 31 Ex. 5 12,000 29 Com. Ex. 4 17,000 17 Examples 6-9, Comparative Examples 5 and 6 In Example 6, the bundle of carbon fibers "TORAYCA" T300-12K (diameter of a single fiber: 7 µm, number of fibers: 12,000) is used, and a tape with nylon 6 having a thickness of 0.09 mm and a width of 24 mm is obtained in a manner similar to that in Example 1. Strip pieces having a length of 25 mm and a width of 6 mm are made from the tape, and an FRTP plate is made using the strip pieces in the same manner as that in Example 1. In Example 7, strip pieces are cut to a length of 25 mm and a width of 12 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 6. In Example 8, strip pieces are cut to a length of 25 mm and a width of 24 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 6. In Example 9, strip pieces are cut to a length of 20 mm and a width of 24 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 6. In Comparative Example 5, strip pieces are cut to a length of 25 mm and a width of 2 mm. In Comparative Example 6, strip pieces are cut to a length of 13 mm and a width of 24 mm. Other conditions are the same as those in Example 6. According to ASTM-D-256, the samples are made from the FRTP plates obtained in Examples 6 to 9 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6, and unnotched Izod impact tests are carried out with respect to the respective samples. As shown in Table 5, the impact resistance of the FRTP plate using the strip pieces having a ratio of width to length lower than the range according to the present invention or a ratio higher than the range, is lower than that of the FRTP plate using the strip pieces having a ratio within the range. Length of strip piece (mm) Width of strip piece (mm) Ratio of width/length Izod impact value (kgf.cm/cm²) Com. Ex. 5 25 2 0.08 25 Ex. 6 25 6 0.24 40 Ex. 7 25 12 0.48 42 Ex. 8 25 24 0.96 38 Ex. 9 20 24 1.20 35 Com. Ex. 6 13 24 2.08 28 Examples 10 and 11, Comparative Example 7 In Example 10, the bundle of carbon fibers "TORAYCA" T300-12K (diameter of a single fiber: 7 µm, number of fibers: 12,000) is used, and the bundle coated with nylon 6 is obtained in a manner similar to that in Example 1. After the carbon fiber bundle with nylon 6 is preheated to a temperature of 260°C by a far infrared radiation heater, the bundle is pressed between a pair of rollers which are heated to a temperature of 260°C, one of which has a groove extending in the circumferential direction of the roller and having a width of 12 mm and the other of which has a projection extending in the circumferential direction of the roller and having a width corresponding to the width of the groove, to make a tape having a width of 12 mm and a thickness of 0.08 mm. Strip pieces including nylon 6 and having a length of 25 mm are made by cutting the tape. The strip pieces obtained are distributed in a cavity of a mold, and the distributed strip pieces are compression molded at 260°C to form an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm. In Example 11, two bundles coated with nylon 6, which are obtained in Example 10, are laminated to each other, and the laminated bundles are pressed by the pair of rollers used in Example 10 to make a tape having a width of 12 mm and a thickness of 0.16 mm. The tape obtained is cut to strip pieces having a length of 25 mm, and an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm is formed using the strip pieces in the same manner as that in Example 10. In Comparative Example 7, three bundles coated with nylon 6, which are obtained in Example 10, are laminated to each other, and the laminated bundles are pressed by the pair of rollers used in Example 10 to make a tape having a width of 12 mm and a thickness of 0.24 mm. The tape obtained is cut to strip pieces having a length of 25 mm, and an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm is formed using the strip pieces in the same manner as that in Example 10. The flexural properties of the FRTP plates obtained in the above Examples 10 and 11 and Comparative Example 7 are determined in the same manner as that in Example 1. As shown in Table 6, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the FRTP plate using the strip pieces having a thickness larger than the range according to the present invention, are lower than those of the FRTP plates using the strip pieces having a thickness within the range. Length of strip piece (mm) Thickness of strip piece (mm) Flexural strength (kgf/mm²) Flexural modulus (kgf/mm²) Ex. 10 25 0.08 50 2,500 Ex. 11 25 0.16 48 2,430 Com. Ex. 7 25 0.24 35 2,300 Example 12 The polybutylene terephthalate "PBT1100", having a melt viscosity at 250°C of 4,000 poise (400 N.s/m⁻²), produced by Toray Industries, Inc. is extruded at 270°C around the glass multifilament "RS57PR-452SS" (diameter of a single filament: 13 µm, number of filaments: 1,700) produced by Nittobo Glass Fiber Co., Ltd., and a glass multifilament coated with the polybutylene terephthalate, having a glass fiber content of 40 vol.%, is obtained. The glass multifilament obtained is preheated to a temperature of 270° by a far infrared radiation heater and the glass multifilament is then pressed by a pair of rollers heated at 270°C to form a tape having a width of 6 mm and a thickness of 0.09 mm. The tape obtained is cut to make strip pieces impregnated with polybutylene terephthalate and having a length of 25 mm. The strip pieces are distributed in a cavity of a mold, and compression molded at 260°C to form an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm. According to ASTM-D-790 and D-256, the samples are made from the FRTP plate, and the flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact value of the FRPT plate are determined as shown in Table 7. Example 13 The polyether sulfone "VICTREX" 4100G, having a melt viscosity at 350°C of 10,000 poise (1,000N.s/m⁻²), produced by Imperial Chemical Industries, PLC. ("VICTREX" is a trademark) is extruded at 375°C around the bundle of carbon fibers "TORAYCA" T300-6K produced by Toray Industries, Inc. and a bundle of carbon fibers coated with the polyether sulfone, having a carbon fiber content of 40 vol.%, is obtained. The carbon fiber bundle obtained is preheated to a temperature of 380°C by a far infrared radiation heater and is then pressed by a pair of rollers heated at 350°C to form a tape having a width of 6 mm and a thickness of 0.09 mm. The tape obtained is cut to make strip pieces impregnated with polyether sulfone and having a length of 25 mm. The strip pieces are distributed in a cavity of a mold, and compression molded at 375°C to form an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm. The flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact value of the FRTP plate are determined in the same manner as that in Example 12 and the resulted data are shown in Table 7. Example 14 The polyether imide "ULTEM" 1000, having a melt viscosity of 370°C of 10,000 poise (1,000N.s/m⁻²), produced by General Electrics Co. Ltd. ("ULTEM" is a trademark) is extruded at 375°C around the bundle of carbon fibers "TORAYCA" T300-6K and a carbon fiber bundle coated with the polyether imide, having a carbon fiber content of 40 vol.%, is obtained. The carbon fiber bundle obtained is preheated to a temperature of 380°C by a far infrared radiation heater and is then pressed by a pair of rollers heated at 360°C to form a tape having a width of 6 mm and a thickness of 0.09 mm. The tape obtained is cut to make strip pieces impregnated with polyether imide and having a length of 25 mm. The strip pieces are distributed in a cavity of a mold, and compression molded at 375°C to form an FRTP plate having a thickness of 3 mm. The flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact value of the FRTP plate are determined in the same manner as that in Example 12 and the resulting data are shown in Table 7. Example 15 An FRTP plate is formed in the same manner as that in Example 2 other than using nylon 6 "AMILAN" CM1016-K, having a melt viscosity at 250°C of 3,000 poise (300N.s/m⁻²) produced by Toray Industries, Inc. According to ASTM-D-790 and D-256, the samples are made from the FRTP plate, and the flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact value of the FRTP plate are determined as shown in Table 7. Example 16 An FRTP plate is formed in the same manner as that in Example 15 other than using the bundle of carbon fibers "TORAYCA" T300-6K. The flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact value are determined in the same manner as that in Example 12 and the resulting data are shown in Table 7. In all these Examples 12 to 16, FRTP plates having high strength, high rigidity and high impact resistance are produced, as shown in Table 7. Flexural strength (kgf/mm²) Flexural modulus (kgf/mm²) Izod impact value (kgf.cm/cm²) Ex. 12 37 1310 95 Ex. 13 45 2370 42 Ex. 14 47 2460 39 Ex. 15 31 1300 130 Ex. 16 40 2300 41 Example 17 The strip pieces of glass fibers impregnated with nylon 6 which are obtained in Example 15 and the strip pieces of carbon fibers impregnated with nylon 6 which are obtained in Example 16 are mixed at the ratios of 30, 50 and 70 vol.%, and the mixed strip pieces are distributed in a cavity of a mold and compression molded at 260°C to form three kinds of FRTP plates with different volume contents of glass fibers and carbon fibers and which have a thickness of 3 mm. The flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact value of the respective FRTP plates are determined according to ASTM-D-790 and D-256. The resulted data are shown in Table 8. As shown in Table 8, FRTP plates simultaneously having two or more kinds of excellent mechanical properties can be obtained by combining the different kinds of reinforcing fibers. Next, various FRTP products are explained with reference to the drawings. Since the FRTP plates embodying the present invention have excellent quasi-isotropic properties, and they have good mechanical properties such as high flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact resistance and good fittability, various FRTP products having good mechanical properties and in which reinforcing fibers are uniformly distributed can be easily molded even if the FRTP products have complicated shapes. Example 18 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 16 are preheated to a temperature of 260°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plates 21 are stacked in a cavity 22 of a lower mold 23 as shown in FIG. 6A. An upper mold 24 is closed, and the FRTP plates are molded to an H-type channel 25 as an FRTP product by compression molding using molds 23 and 24 heated at 250°C as shown in FIG. 6B. The channel 25 obtained (FIG. 6C) has good quasi-isotropic and mechanical properties. Even if rivet holes are provided on channel 25, the bearing strength of the portions around the rivet holes can be sufficiently high. Example 19 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 16 are preheated to a temperature of 280°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plates 31 are stacked in a cavity 32 of a lower mold 33 as shown in FIG. 7A. A piston or rod type upper mold 34 is inserted into the cavity, and the FRTP plates are molded to a pipe joint 35 by compression molding using molds 33 and 34 heated at 250°C as shown in FIG. 7B. The pipe joint 35 obtained (FIG. 7C) is used, for example, for the frame of a bicycle. Example 20 The FRTP plate obtained in Example 16 is preheated to a temperature of 280°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plate 41 is placed between molds 42 and 43 heated at 200°C as shown in FIG. 8A. Molds 42 and 43 are closed, and the FRTP plate is molded to an upper casing 44 of a camera by a stamping molding method as shown in FIG. 8B. The upper casing 44 obtained (FIGS. 8C and 8D) has good quasi-isotropic and mechanical properties even if it is relatively thin. Example 21 The FRTP plates with appropriate length and width obtained in Example 8 are preheated to a temperature of 280°C, and the preheated FRTP plates 51 are stacked in a pot 52 formed in an upper mold 53 as shown in FIG. 9A. The FRTP plates 51 are pressed by a plunger 56 and transferred into a cavity 55 formed between upper mold 53 and a lower mold heated at 200°C to mold a head 57 of a golf club by transfer molding as shown in FIG. 9B. The head 57 obtained (FIGS. 9C and 9D) has good quasi-isotropic and mechanical properties. Example 22 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 8 are preheated at 280°C, and the preheated FRTP plates 61 are stacked in a pot 62 formed in a mold 63 as shown in FIG. 10A. The FRTP plates 61 are pressed by a plunger 64 and transferred into a cavity 65 formed in mold 63 heated at 200°C to mold a casing 66 of a reel for fishing by transfer molding as shown in FIG. 10B. The casing 66 obtained (FIGS. 10C and 10D) also has good quasi-isotropic and mechanical properties. Example 23 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 3 are preheated to a temperature of 280°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plates 71 are stacked and placed between molds 72 and 73 heated at 180°C as shown in FIG. 11A. The molds 72 and 73 are closed, and the FRTP plates are molded to an oil pan 74 of an engine by a stamping molding method as shown in FIG. 11B. The oil pan 74 obtained (FIG. 11C) can have good mechanical properties in any portion thereof. Example 24 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 1 are preheated to a temperature of 280°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plates 81 are stacked in a pot 82 formed in a mold 83 heated at 180°C as shown in FIG. 12A. The FRTP plates 81 are pressed by a plunger 84 and transferred into a cavity 85 to mold a base 86 of a door mirror equipment for a vehicle by transfer molding as shown in FIG. 12B. Although the base (FIGS. 12C and 12D) has a relatively complicated shape, the base can be easily molded and the base obtained can have good quasi-isotropic and mechanical properties. Example 25 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 14 and cut in a circular shape are preheated to a temperature of 400°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plates 91 are stacked on a lower mold 92 as shown in FIG. 13A. Lower mold 92, upper mold 93 and side molds 94a and 94b heated at 350°C are closed, and the FRTP plates are molded to form a wheel 95 for a vehicle by compression molding as shown in FIG. 13B. The wheel obtained (FIG. 13C) has excellent quasi-isotropic and excellent mechanical properties of flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength. Example 26 The FRTP plates obtained in Example 15 are preheated to a temperature of 280°C by a hot blast oven, and the preheated FRTP plates 101 are stacked and placed between molds 102 and 103 heated at 200°C as shown in FIG. 14A. Molds 102 and 103 are closed to mold a cylinder head cover 104 by a stamping molding method as shown in FIG. 14B. The cylinder head cover obtained (FIG. 14C) has good quasi-isotropic and excellent mechanical properties. Although several specific FRTP products have been explained in Examples 18 to 26, the FRTP plates according to the present invention can be used for molding other structural FRTP products which require good quasi-isotropic and good mechanical properties.

Claims: A thermoplastic composite plate material (4) comprising a thermoplastic resin (3) and pieces (1) constructed of unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibers (2) characterised in that the thermoplastic resin (3) has a melt viscosity of 1,000-15,000 poise (100-1,500N.s/m⁻²) at the temperature at which said composite plate material is formed; and the pieces (1) constructed of unidirectionally orientated reinforcing fibers (2) are each strip pieces (1) randomly distributed in a plane parallel to a surface of said composite plate material, each of said strip pieces (1) having the following dimensions a) a thickness (t) not greater than 0.2 mm, b) a width (w) in a direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fiber orientated direction in the range of 2-25 mm, c) a length (l) in the reinforcing fiber orientated direction in the range of 5-30 mm, and d) a ratio of said width (w) to said length (l) in the range of 0.15-1.5 to 1. A composite plate material according to claim 1, wherein the content of said reinforcing fibers (2) in said composite plate material (4) is in the range of 20-60 vol.%. A composite plate material according to any preceding claim, wherein said thermoplastic resin is at least one kind of resin selected from polyamide resin, co-polyamide resin, polyester resin, co-polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polysulfone resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyether-ether-ketone resin, polyolefin resin and polyether-imide resin. A composite plate material according to any preceding claim, wherein said reinforcing fibers (2) are at least one kind of fiber selected from carbon fibers, glass fibers, polyaramid fibers, alumina fibers, alumina-silica fibers and silicon carbide fibers. A thermoplastic composite plate material according to any preceding claim, wherein the dispersion of at least respective values of flexural modulus of respective sample portions thereof taken from the said plate, which portions extended in respective directions, all in the plane of the plate, perpendicular to one another and at 45° to each of the said directions perpendicular to one another, is in the range ± 10%. Use of a thermoplastic composite plate material according to any preceding claim for preparing a moulded product. Use according to claim 6, wherein the moulded product is a wheel for a vehicle. Use according to claim 6, wherein the moulded product is a cylinder head cover of an engine.

Inventors: KIMOTO YUKITANE, MURAKI TOSHIO, MURATA KOHZOU, KIMOTO, YUKITANE, MURAKI, TOSHIO, MURATA, KOHZOU
Applicants: TORAY INDUSTRIES, TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B29C70
IPC codes: B29C70, B29B11, B29K105, F02F7, C08J5, B29C45, B29K101