Improved data storage medium

Abstract: An improved optical data storage medium is disclosed. The medium is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and the surface or a surface region of the medium includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range. The textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, said alloy comprising (1) a first component which is at least one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, irridium and platinum; and (2) at least one other metallic element, preferably from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements according to Mendeleev. The preferred alloy compositions for such data storage media contain platinum and tungsten. Specific alloy compositions based on platinum/tungsten are also provided, as is the use of certain alloy compositions in providing an overcoating layer for optical data storage media.

Description: This invention relates to a data storage medium of the type described and claimed in U.S. Patent No.4,616,237. This patent (and the corresponding published European application No.EP-0107379A) discloses a data storage medium having a surface or a surface region which is strongly absorbant of at least a predetermined band of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, whereby the surface or surface region can be written-upon by such radiation, the surface or surface region including a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern which is a regular pattern comprising an arrangement of grooves or protuberances, the pitch of which is smaller than the shortest wavelength within said predetermined band of wavelengths, and the depth (peak-to-trough) of which pattern is at least 100 nm, the textured surface pattern being free from undercutting so as to be suitable for production or replication by moulding, casting, embossing or similar process against a tool, and the textured surface pattern being overcoated with a thin film of a material which has a high opacity at the predetermined band of wavelengths. Information is stored on said data storage medium by irradiating selected areas on the surface of said medium to heat underlying heat sensitive material and change the local reflectivity of the surface of the medium. The depth of the surface texture may be less than 100nm, e.g. 25nm. Once written upon, such data storage media can be read using a read beam which, in many instances, will be in the form of a low power laser beam. We have found that, if the data storage medium is subjected to repeated read operations at relatively high laser powers, the data storage medium may deteriorate. We have now found that the archival longevity of, and/or signal generated when reading, a recorded data storage medium of the type described above can be significantly increased if the overcoating material used in the fabrication of the data storage medium is an alloy. It is known from DE-A-3 712 839 to provide a platinum-based alloy further comprising one or more of palladium, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and tantalum for use in jewellery. JP-A-59 118836 discloses a palladium/silver/gold/platinum-based alloy, further comprising one or more of tungsten, vanadium and tantalum for use in a sliding contact material. JP-A-58 142894 discloses an alloy consisting of two or more of platinum, copper, tungsten, titanium, nickel, chromium, tantalum, manganese and vanadium which is used to contain the offensive odour released when writing to an optical data storage disc including a tellurium-based recording layer. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data storage medium which is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and the surface or a surface region of which includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, and wherein said textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, said alloy comprising (1) a first component which is at least one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, irridium and platinum; and (2) at least one metallic element from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements. The metals of Groups Va, VIa, VIIa and Ib are V, Nb, Ta; Cr, Mo, W; Mn, Tc, Re; and Cu, Ag, Au. Technetium (Tc) is preferably not used because of its radioactivity. Optionally, the alloy defined above may also include one or more of iron, cobalt and nickel. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data storage medium which is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and the surface or a surface region of which includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, and wherein said textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, said alloy comprising (1) a first component which is a noble metal (which term as used herein includes all of the platinoid metals) or a mixture of noble metals; and (2) at least one other metallic element. Said other metallic element may itself be a noble metal (but different from that or those of said first component). Preferably, said other metallic element is selected from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements. Optionally, the alloy defined above may also include one or more of iron, cobalt and nickel. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a data storage medium which is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and which includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regularly repeating pattern, e.g. an array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, and wherein said textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, said alloy comprising (1) a first component which is a noble metal (which term as used herein includes all of the platinoid metals) or a mixture of noble metals; and (2) at least one other metallic element. The presently preferred noble metal for use in the alloy composition used to coat the textured surface pattern of a data storage medium in accordance with this invention is platinum. The noble metal or metals which make up said first component are preferably present in the alloy in an amount of 40-95 atomic per cent. The other metallic component, e.g. a metal from one of Groups Va, VIIa and Ib, will make up the remainder of the alloy's composition, except where one or more of iron, cobalt and nickel are present. In such a case, the alloy may contain up to 20 atomic per cent in toto of iron and/or cobalt and/or nickel. The presently preferred alloys to coat the textured surface pattern of a data storage medium in accordance with this invention are platinum/tungsten, platinum/tungsten/gold, platinum/tungsten/silver, platinum/tungsten/copper, platinum/tungsten/chromium, platinum/gold, platinum/chromium, platinum/copper, and gold/chromium. Alloys containing platinum and tungsten give particularly high output signals after recording, and are therefore most preferred. The presently preferred range of composition for such alloys is from 2 to 20% by weight tungsten; from 0 to 10% by weight in toto of one or more of gold, silver and copper; and the balance platinum, or, more specifically, from 5 to 18% by weight tungsten; from 0 to 8% by weight gold; and the balance platinum. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing optical data storage media, which method includes the step of applying a thin film of an alloy to a layer of heat sensitive material having a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, characterised in that said alloy comprises (1) a first component which is at least one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum; and (2) at least one metallic element from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements according to Mendeleev. The following Examples are given in order to illustrate the invention in greater detail. EXAMPLE 1 A first data storage disk of the type described and claimed in U.S. Patent 4,616,237 had, as its overcoating metallic layer, a thin film of pure platinum which was 16 nanometres in thickness. The platinum film was deposited onto the disk surface by sputtering. The surface texture of the disk was in the form of an orthogonal "crossed grating" structure whose depth (peak to trough) was 100 nanometres and whose pitch (i.e. periodicity) was 300 nanometres. The disk was formatted and recorded using laser optics working at 780 nanometres and a power of 8 milliwatts, and was then subjected to continuous repeated reading also with laser optics at 780 nanometres, but at a power level of 1 milliwatt. Other data storage disks, identical to the first disk except in the composition of their overcoating metallic layer, were produced and tested in the same manner as described above. The composition of each of the disks involved in the tests is shown in the table below: Disk 1 Disk 2 Disk 3 Disk 4 Disk 5 Pt 100 Pt 75/Au 25 Pt 80/Cu 2 Pt 75/Cr 25 Au 75/Cr 25 After 12 hours continuous reading, there was evident read damage on disk 1 - the output signal from the reading head was reduced by 30% in comparison with its initial value. In contrast, each of disks 3, 4 and 5 showed no diminution of output even after 200 hours continuous reading. EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that different overcoating metallic layers were used, and the signal recording conditions were: disk rotation, 900 r.p.m.; laser power, 7 mW; laser wavelength, 800 nm; numerical aperture, 0.5; and signal frequency, 1.6 MHz. Under standard read conditions i.e. using the same laser but at a power level of 1 mW - the signal strength obtained for different metallic coatings (whose composition is indicated in parts by weight) was as shown in Table 2 below: Metallic Coating Signal (mV) 100 Pt 50 85 Pt 15W 130 80 Pt 15W 5 Au 190 We have also found that the electrical resistance of a Pt/W alloy increases linearly with tungsten content, at least over relatively low proportions of tungsten (0-20%). This increase in electrical resistance is accompanied by a corresponding ability to withstand high temperatures (i.e. thermal resistance). These properties are desirable for optical data storage disks where the recording mechanism involves ablation of a material (e.g. a plastics material) which undergoes a large volume change on degradation, the material being located beneath a thin metal coating which retains its integrity throughout the recording process (i.e. it does not rupture, but changes its physical configuration in a way which alters the localised reflectivity of the disk).

Claims: A data storage medium which is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and the surface or a surface region of which includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, and wherein said textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, characterised in that said alloy comprises (1) a first component which is at least one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum; and (2) at least one metallic element from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements according to Mendeleev. A data storage medium which is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and the surface or a surface region of which includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, and wherein said textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, characterised in that said alloy comprises (1) a first component which is a noble metal (which term as used herein includes all of the platinoid metals) or a mixture of noble metals; and (2) at least one other metallic element. A data storage medium which is responsive to incident electromagnetic radiation and which includes a layer of heat sensitive material which has a textured surface pattern in the form of a regularly repeating pattern, e.g. an array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, and wherein said textured surface pattern is overcoated with a thin film of an alloy, characterised in that said alloy comprises (1) a first component which is a noble metal (which term as used herein includes all of the platinoid metals) or a mixture of noble metals; and (2) at least one other metallic element. A data storage medium as claimed in claim 2 or 3, further characterised in that said alloy includes at least one metallic element from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements according to Mendeleev. A data storage medium as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, further characterised in that said alloy further includes one or more of iron, cobalt and nickel. A data storage medium as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that said alloy comprises from 2 to 20% by weight tungsten; from 0 to 10% by weight in toto of one or more of gold, silver and copper; and the balance platinum. A data storage medium as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that said alloy comprises of from 5 to 18% by weight tungsten, from 0 to 8% by weight gold; and the balance platinum. A method of producing optical data storage media, which method includes the step of applying a thin film of an alloy to a layer of heat sensitive material having a textured surface pattern in the form of a regular array of grooves or protuberances, the dimensions of the surface features which constitute said textured surface pattern being in the sub-micron range, characterised in that said alloy comprises (1) a first component which is at least one of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum; and (2) at least one metallic element from Groups Va, VIa, VIIa, and Ib of the Periodic Table of elements according to Mendeleev. A method according to claim 8, further characterised in that said alloy comprises platinum and one or more of tungsten, gold, copper, silver and chromium.

Inventors: ABRAMS MICHAEL JOHN, HELFET PETER ROY, LONGMAN ROBERT JAMES, ABRAMS, MICHAEL JOHN, HELFET, PETER ROY, LONGMAN, ROBERT JAMES
Applicants: PLASMON LTD, PLASMON LIMITED
Application year: 1989
Main classification: G11B7
IPC codes: G11B7