A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS IN HOT-DIP GALVANIZING

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for avoiding, in hot-dip galvanizing of an object (3), the eventuality that a coating formed on the object in the galvanizing process contains undesirable impurities from the bath. To this end, one or more flows of molten and pure zinc are, in a container (10), provided which are directed towards a surface region (4), i.e. the working surface (4), where the object passes on being immersed in and raised from the bath, respectively. As a rule, a surface flow is caused to pass from the one edge region (27) of the container, to its other edge region (29), any possible impurities (6) located on the surface of the bath being displaced from the working surface. The apparatus according to the disclosure includes a pump (25a) which, via a discharge pipe (33) supplies molten zinc to a gutter (26) in the upper region of a container (10). Opposing the gutter, the container is provided with a channel (31). The gutter and channel, respectively, mutually oppose an upper defining edge (27) and (29), respectively, over which molten zinc passes. The upper defining edge of the gutter is, as a rule, located higher than the defining edge of the channel.

Description: A method and an apparatus in hot-dip galvanizing The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus, in hot-dip galvanizing, for avoiding the eventuality that the coating formed during the galvanizing process contains undesirable impurities accompanying from the bath of molten zinc. In the hot-dip galvanizing of an object, for example of iron, steel etc., the object is immersed in a bath of molten zinc, iron and zinc forming alloys with one another. The alloys build up a coating of iron-zinc layers on the object, in which the layers have a decreasing iron content towards the coating surface. As a rule, the coating most proximal the surface consists of substantially pure zinc which, on removal of the object from the bath, has adhered to the coating of iron-zinc already formed in the bath. A plurality of factors such as the solidifying process, the composition of the iron, the condition of the iron surface, the composition and temperature of the molten zinc, the immersion time, etc. determines the thickness and quality of the coating which is formed. In order to attain fully adequate quality in the galvanizing, it is necessary that that part of the surface of the zinc bath through which the article under processing passes on its immersion and raising, respectively, be free of impurities when these passages take place. Within this art, use is made of the expression "working surface" for that portion of the surface of the bath through which the article passes. As a rule, the zinc surface of the bath is covered by impurities which, primarily, consist of oxides and flux residues. These impurities must be removed from the v/orking surface before the article passes therethrough, since such, impurities would otherwise accompany the article and cause a deterioration in the quality of the coating which is formed on the article in the galvanizing process. It is previously known in this art to employ different forms of mechanical devices in order to remove mechanically the impurities from the working surface. In certain cases the mechanical devices move the impurities floating on the zinc surface towards the edges of the container (bath or "pot") in v/hich the molten zinc is located, while in other physical applications, such removal is supplemented by means of frothing the impurities and their raising from the zinc bath. However, it is difficult to ensure that the working surface is completely exposed and free of impurities and, according to prior art technology, the time consumed for cleaning the working surface may be unacceptably high, which entails that capacity in the galvanizing plant is reduced and/or that the thickness of the coating will be undesirably large. In both cases, extra costs are incurred for the hot-dip galvanizing which is carried out. Because of the uncertainty which always prevails in respect of efficiency in the removal of impurities from the working surface, the technology currently employed requires continual monitoring of the galvanizing process in order to attain the contemplated quality of the coating on those articles which are hot-dip galvanized. There are expressed wishes within this art to be able, as far as is possible, to automize the hot-dip galvanizing process, but such wishes are difficult to reconcile because of the inherent problems involved in exposing and freeing the working surface from impurities preparatory to the passage of the article through the working surface. Automation of the process is particularly desirable in view of the severe environment surrounding the hot-dip galvanizing bath. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus which satisfy the requirements and wishes as set forth in the preceding paragraph. The present invention obviates essentially all require¬ ments of manual monitoring of the hot-dip galvanizing process. The invention is defined in the characterizing clauses of the independent claims appended hereto. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow move¬ ment of molten and pure zinc is directed substantially from beneath towards the working surface in order thence to continue, in the surface region of the bath, in a direction away from the v/orking surface. In such event, all possible impurities on the working surface will always be conveyed away from the surface. In a further preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned flow movement is directed substantially from a first region of the bounding definition of the container towards a second region of this bounding definition. Any possible impurities will, in this instance, accompany the flow of zinc, and impurities which are located in the region of the working surface are displaced away from the surface. Further expedient embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the other dependent claims. The present invention and its aspects v/ill be more readily understooc from the following brief description of the accompanying drawings, and the discussion related thereto. In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section corresponding to section I-I in Fig. 2 through an apparatus for hot-dip galvanizing; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section corresponding to section 11—11 in Fig. 3a through the apparatus; Fig. 3a is a cross-section corresponding to section III—III in Fig. 2 through the apparatus; Fig. 3b is a section corresponding to section III—III in Fig. 2 for a container filled with zinc; Fig. 3c shows the upper region of Fig. 3b on a larger scale; Fig. 4 is a section corresponding to section III—III in Fig. 2 supplemented with a schematic block diagram of an automatically operating apparatus for hot-dip galvanizing; and Fig. 5 is a section corresponding to section III—III in Fig. 2 in an alternative embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. The embodiment, shov/π in Figs. l-3c, of an apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a container 10 substantially of box form for a bath 2 of molten zinc. The container is defined by two substantially opposing short end walls 11a, lib, two substantially opposing longitudinal walls 12a, 12b located therebetween, and a closed bottom 16. In the upper region of the container, and along the longitudinal walls thereof, there are provided two mechanical devices 26, 31 facing towards the centre plane of the container and towards each other, the first forming at least one gutter 26 and the second at least one channel 31. The short walls, the longitudinal walls, the bottom, the gutter and -the channel are included in the outer bounding definition 28 of the container in v/hich the bath of molten zinc is located. In such instance the gutter forms a first upper defining edge 27 and the channel 31 forms a second upper defining edge 29 for the bounding definition 28 of the container. In one preferred embodiment, the first upper defining edge 27 is located on a higher level than the second upper defining edge 29 (cf Fig. 3a), in addition to v/hich the defining edges are of substantially horizontal orientation. In certain applications, the second upper defining edge may be replaced and/or supplemented by one or more run-off apertures and/or recesses which, as a rule, are also located on a level lower than the lowest level of the above-mentioned substantially horizontal first upper defining edge 27. In connection with the one short wall 11a, there is provided a firs- side container 17a and in connection with the second short well lib, a second side container 17b. Both of said containers each have a sealed bottom 13a, l£b, each one being located on a level which is lower than the bottom 32 of the channel 31. Pumps 25 are provided in association with each respective side container 17a, 17b and have outlet means 24, for example an outlet pipe which discharges in the gutter 26. Figs. 3b and 3c illustrate in particular how the container 10 is filled with the bath 2 of molten zinc, and how the upper surface 5 of the bath forms, in a central surfac region, a working surface 4 in a central surface region. On the surface 5 of the bath, impurities 5 are also marked in Fig. 3c, these impurities being, for instance, flux residues. Fig. 3b shows one example of an embodiment in v/hich an object 3 (cf. also Fig. 2) which is located in the bath 2 is suspended from a hook 7 which, via a wire S, is connected to a drum 0 which, by the intermediary of drive means (not shown in Figs. 3b and 3c) is rotated about a shaft 90 for the immersion and raising of the article into and out of the bath. Generally, the hook 7 and the means cooperating with the hook have been eliminated for purposes of simplifying the other figures. It ill be obvious to one skilled in the art that, in practical embodiments, the means for immersing the object into the bath and raising the object from the bath are designed so as to adapt to such factors as the configuration and weight of the object. It will further be obvious to one skilled in the art that there are provided, in association with the container, heating devices and control devices for adjusting the temperature of the bath to a desired level. Such devices are selected in view of the particular requirements which prevail in each embodiment of the containers employed and those hot-dip galvanizing processes which are currently applicable to the galvanizing plant. For purposes of clarity, the object 3 is also intimated in Fig. 2 even though it is wholly surrounded, in this figure, by the zinc bath SUBSTITUTESHEET and is, in reality, not visible. The object is in this instance intimated by broken lines. In Fig. 2, the arrov/s A-D show how molten zinc flows to and from the container 10 (cf. also Fig. 3c). When the present invention is reduced into practice, the container 10 is filled with the bath 2 of molten zinc. A certain volume of molten zinc is also to be found in the first and second side containers, 17a and 17b, respectively. The temperature of the molten zinc is adjusted to a level v/hich is adapted to the hot-dip galvanizing process which, on the occasion, is to be employed. Zinc is moved by means of the pumps 25 from the side containers 17a, 17b to the gutter 26, and the zinc flows, in this instance, in the direction of the arrows A tov/ards the central portions of the gutter 26. In such instance, the gutter is filled with molten zinc to a level which entails that the zinc passes over the first upper defining edge 27 (cf. the arrows B) of the container and into the container 10. Since the second upper defining edge 29 of the container is located on a slightly lower level than the first defining edge 27, a surface flow 20 of zinc will occur from the first defining edge to and over (cf. the arrov/s C) the second defining edge. In such instance, impurities 6 located on the surface of the bath 2, will accompany the surface flow of zinc and pass via the second upper defining edge down into the channel 31 and thence further to the side containers 17a, 17b. The zinc supplied from the channel is added to the zinc located in the side containers, for which reason the side containers will hold a substantially constant volume in time of molten zinc on whose surface the supplied impurities ill float. The pumps 25 are disposed with their suction intake apertures at such a level in the side containers that substantially pure zinc is sucked into the pumps, while the impurities 6 remain on each respective zinc surface in the side containers, at the same time as those depositions which are formed in the region of the bottom 18a, 18b of the side containers are not affected by the suction of molten zinc to the pumps. The pumps supply the zinc to the gutter 26 which, thereby, is fed with that additional supply of zinc which is required in order that the previously described flow movements may continue. Preparatory to immersing the object 3 in the bath or raising the object from the bath, the supply of zinc to the gutter 26 is stopped, whereby the flow of zinc from the first upper defining edge 27 towards the second upper defining edge 29 ceases. Since substantially pure zinc had prior thereto passed in over the first upper defining edge and thence further towards the second upper defining edge, essentially all impurities 6 will be moved from the zinc surface 5 to the channel 31, and consequently, on passage of the object through the v/orking surface, there will be no impurities associated therewith which may adhere to the object when it passes through the v/orking surface. After this passage, the supply of molten zinc is recommenced to the gutter 26, whereby the above-described cycling of zinc continues. In order to automatize the hot-dip galvanizing process, in certain embodiments of the present invention, the devices for handling the objects in conjunction with their immersion in and raising from the bath, and the devices which provide the flow (the cycling) of zinc are regulated, by means of control devices, such that the flow of molten zinc to the gutter 26 is discontinued at a pre-adjustable point in time and before the object 3 passes through the working surface 4. The time interval between the discontinuation of the supply of molten zinc to the bath 2 over the first defining edge 27 and the passage of the object through the working surface 4 is adjusted taking into account such factors as the size of the container, the capacity of the pumps, the temperature of the bath, the time v/hich elapses for the formation of zinc oxide on the surface of the bath, etc. Fig. 4 shows one example of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention in which the apparatus is adapted to automatize the hot-dip galvanizing process in accordance with the principles indicated in the preceding paragraph. The section illustrated in Fig. 4 corresponds substantially to a section which is to be found in Figs. 3a-3c. In addition to those devices which are illustrated in these figures, Fig. 4 shows one or more pumps 25a disposed beside the container and provided with one or more suction intake pipes 43 discharging in the container 10 at a level which is located below the level of the surface 5 of the zinc bath when the hot-dip galvanizing process is carried out. In addition, the pump 25a is provided with at least one discharge pipe 33 v/hich is shov/n in the figure as discharging in a region above the gutter 26. In association with the channel 31, a transducer 34 is provided for detecting the surface level of the molten zinc which is located in the channel, or alternatively the absence of molten zink in the channel. From the channel, the molten zinc flows down into a container (not shown) corresponding to the side containers 17a, 17b, whence the zinc is recycled to the bath, for example by means of separate pumps (not shown) or by means of the pump or pumps 25a shown on the drawing. The drum 9 for uncoiling or winding up the wire 8 in connection with the immersion or raising of the object 3 into or from the bath 2 is, in Fig. 4, shown as being provided with a driving rack pinion 38 which, by the intermediary of a connecting means 37, for example a cog belt, is driven by the drive wheel 36 of a motor 35. The motor 35 is coupled via a signal communication 39 to a registra- tion and control device 42. This is also connected via signal communications 40 and 41, respectively, to the transducer 34 and the pump (pumps) 25a, respectively. When an apparatus according to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 is reduced into practice, the container 10 is filled with the bath 2 of molten zinc. The pump or pumps 25a, respectively, suck molten zinc from a region in the bath 2 located well below the surface 5 of the bath and supply the zinc to the gutter 26. In accordance with the earlier description, a flow will thereby occur of molten zinc from the gutter 26 to the channel 31. Since the zinc extracted by suction from the interior of the bath is substantially pure, any possible impurities on the surface of the zinc bath will, as a result of the flow of zinc along the surface of the zinc bath, be moved to the channel 31. In certain embodiments, the molten zinc is caused to pass through a purification chamber, for instance corresponding to the pre¬ viously-described side containers 17a, 17b, before being supplied to the gutter 26. Preparatory to the displacement of an object down into the zinc bath, the registration and control device 42 stops the pump or pumps 25a, respectively, via the signal communication 41 and awaits a signal from the transducer 34 that the zinc surface of the molten zinc in the channel 31 has fallen below a certain level, in order to ensure that the flow of molten zinc tov/ards the channel 31 has ceased. When this signal is received, the registration and control device 42 starts, via the signal communication 39, the motor 35 for uncoiling the wire from the drum 9, the object 3 being immersed in the zinc bath. The v/orking surface 4 of the zinc bath is, in this instance, wholly free of impurities and zinc oxides. When the object is immersed to a predetermined depth in the zinc bath, the registration and control device stops the motor and, via the signal communication 41, starts the pump or pumps 25a, respectively, in order to recommence the flow of molten zinc to the gutter 26 and, thereby, the flow therefrom towards the channel 31. After a certain time which is adjustable and adapted in compliance with the actual hot-dip galvanizing process, the registration and control device 42 once again stops via the signal communication 41, the work of the pump or pumps 25a, respectively, via the signal communication 41, awaits the signal for the registration and control device from the transducer 34 that the zinc level in the channel 31 has fallen below a certain predetermined level and thereafter emits a signal via the signal communication 39 to the motor 35 to raise the object 3 from the bath. In accordance with that described in the foregoing in connection with the immersion of the object, the working surface is, on raising of the object from the bath, wholly free of impurities and zinc oxide. When the object has been raised from the bath, it is removed from the suspension device 7, for example by means of a robot (not shown) which also places a new object in the suspension device, whereafter the previously described cycle is repeated. In one alternative embodiment, the registration and control device is adjusted so as to emit a signal to start the movement of the motor 35 and, thereby, the immersion and raising, respectively, of the object after the elapse of a time established with reference to the capacity 10 and size of the bath, after the supply of molten zinc to the gutter 26 had ceased in that a signal is emitted to the pump or pumps 25a, respectively to stop work. In certain embodiments, continual supply is effected of molten and pure zinc to the region of the working surface in that the zinc is, by means of mechanical devices, for examples pumps, impellers etc., caused to assume a flow movement entailing that zinc from the central region of the bath is displaced from beneath towards the working surface in the form of upwardly-directed flows of zinc, v/hence the pure zinc continues towards the defining walls of the container (crucible) in the form of surface currents. The zinc bath will, in a central surface region corresponding to the working surface, thereby be freed of impurities. As a rule, the zinc is displaced with accompanying impurities from the region adjacent the defining walls of the container via overflows to receptacles in which any possible impurities occuring in the zinc are separated off, whereafter the molten zinc is recycled to the bath. Fig. 5 illustrates an example of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention adapted to permit continual supply of molten and pure zinc to the region of the v/orking surface 4. The section shown in the figure corresponds essentially to those sections which are to be found in Figs. 3a-3c and Fig. 4. The apparatus comprises a plurality of pumps 25b disposed along each respective longitudinal wall 12a, 12b of the container 10. The zinc which is discharged from the pumps is directed thereby obliquely inwardly and upwardly, implying that the flows 21 of zinc which are formed meet one another in the region of a vertical centre plane located between the pumps and between the first upper defining edge 27 and the second upper defining edge 29. Consequently, the current flows of zinc change direction beneath the region of the v/orking surface 4 and continue in the form of surface flows 20 along the zinc surface 5. Hereby, a layer of zinc is created which passes over the two overflov/s v/hich the defining edges 27, 29 form and passes via these to the gutter 26 and the channel 31, respectively. From the gutter and channel, respectively, the molten zinc runs dov/n into a container (not shown) corresponding to the side containers 17a, 17b, whence the zinc is recycled to the bath. The surface flow 20 of molten zinc which passes from the working surface towards the overflows to the gutter and the channel, respectively, entrains impurities 6 located on the zinc surface, at the same time as the flow of zinc which is supplied to the zinc surface from beneath consists of pure zinc from the interior of the bath. It will hereby be ensured that, in the area of the v/orking surface 4, the working surface will be free of impurities. It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 5 is also capable of use for intermittent operation of the pumps 25b in accordance with an operation programme corresponding to that described above.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. In the galvanizing of an object (3) by immersion of the object in a bath (2) of molten zinc accommodated in a container (10) v/ith a bounding definition (28), in which the bath has a surface (5) comprising a working surface (4) which is passed by the object on its displacement down into and up from the bath, a method for avoiding the eventuality that the coating formed on the object on galvanizing contains undesirable impurities such as oxides and flux residues from the bath, characterized in that there is provided, in the bath (2) one or more flow movements (20, 21) of molten and pure zinc which are directed tov/ards the v/orking surface (4) in order there to form a surface of zinc from which any possible impurities occurring on the surface (5) of the bath are removed on passage of the object (3) through the working surface. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said flow movement (20, 21) consists of a flow (21) directed substantially from beneath tov/ards the surface (5) of the bath (2); and that said flow directed from beneath forms, in connection with the working surface (4), a surface flow (20) in the surface region of the bath (2) which surface current continues from the region of the working surface (4) tov/ards the bounding definition (28) of the container, whereby any possible impurities on the working surface are removed therefrom. 3. The method as claimed in claim " 1 or 2, characterized in that said flow movement (20) includes or consists of a flow (20) which is directed substantially from a first region (27) of the bounding definition (28) of the container (10) towards a second region (29) of the bounding definition of the container. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said second region (29) is disposed substantially opposing said first region (27). 5. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that said flow movement (20, 21) is effected intermittently with a pause during a period of time which precedes and includes the time interval for the movement of the object through the working surface (4). 6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that said flow movement (20, 21) is realized by means of one or more mechanical devices (25, 25a, 25b, 26, 31, 17a, 17b) comprising, for example, pumps, impellers (25, 25a, 25b) etc., v/hich are at least partly surrounded by the bath (2) and cooperate v/ith at least one gutter (26) and/or at least one channel (31). 7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the surface flow (20) is realized in that the bounding definition (28) is provided with a first upper, substantially horizontal defining edge (27) in connection to which molten and pure zinc is supplied to the bath (2), and v/ith a second upper, substantially horizontal defining edge (29) in connection to which molten zinc leaves the bath; that said second defining edge (29) is disposed on a lower level than the first defining edge; and that said first and second defining edges are disposed to provide space therebetween for the working surface (4). 8. An apparatus (1) comprising a container (10) for receiving a bath (2) of molten zinc,- the apparatus being adapted to be used in hot-dip galvanizing of objects (3) and arranged so as to avoid the eventuality that coatings formed on each respective object on galvanizing contain impurities (6) such as oxides, flux residues etc., from the surface region (5) of the bath, characterized in that a first set of devices (25, 25a, 25b, 26) is disposed for realizing a flow movement (20, 21) of pure and molten zinc towards that region (4) of the surface of the bath (2), i.e. the working surface (4) which each respective object (3) passes on its movement down into and up from the bath; and that a second set of devices (31, 17a, 17b) is disposed to receive molten zinc together with accompanying impurities (6) displaced from the v/orking surface (4) by the flow movement to a region adjacent the bounding definition (28) of the container, 9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said first set of devices (25, 25a, 25b, 26) includes a gutter (26) from v/hich molten and pure zinc is supplied to the bath (2) in association with a first upper, substantially horizontal defining edge (27) of the bounding definition (28) of the container; and that said second set of devices (30, 31) includes a channel (31) which is supplied, by the flow movement (20, 21) with molten zinc together with accompanying impurities (6) from said region adjacent the bounding definition (28) in association with a second, upper, substantially horizontal defining edge (29) of the bounding definition. 10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the second defining edge (29) is located on a lower level than the first defining edge (27). 11. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 9-10, " characterized in that said first (27) and second (29) defining edges are substantially opposed to one another and located each on their side of the v/orking surface" (4) of the bath (2). 12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the bounding definition (28) is, at least in its upper portion, of rectangular cross section; and that said first (27) and second (29) defining edges are disposed in association v/ith those sides of the bounding definition which correspond to the longitudinal sides of the cross section. 13. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that the bounding definition (28) has, in conjunction with the second defining edge (29), one or more overflows, run-off recesses and/or run-off apertures for the passage of zinc from the bath to the channel (31). 14. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 8-13, in which a device (7, 8, S, 35, 36, 37) including drive means (35) is provided for displacement of the object (3) to and from a position where the object is immersed in the bath (2), and in which at least one supply device (25a), for example a pump, is provided for supplying molten zinc to the bath, characterized in that a registration and control device (42) is connected by means of a signal communication (41) to the supply device (25a); that the registration and control device is connected, by means of a signal communication (39), to the drive means (35); that the registration and control device is operative via the signal communication (41), to initiate, at a point in time which precedes the passage of the object through the working surface (4), the supply device (25a) to cease supply of molten zinc to the bath (2); and that the registration and control device is operative, via the signal communication (39), to start the drive means (35) for displacement of the object (3) to and from the position in the bath at a point in time selected such that the object passes through the working surface at a point in time which earliest corresponds to that point in time when the flow of molten zinc from the bath (2) ceases. 15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that a transducer (34) for detecting molten zinc v/hich is under movement from the bath (2) is connected, by means of a signal communication (40), to the registration and control device (42); and that the registration and control device is operative to emit a signal to start the drive means (35) when a signal has been received from the transducer (34) that the flow of molten zinc from the bath has fallen below a predetermined level or has ceased entirely. 16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the transducer (34) is disposed in association with the device (31) provided for receiving molten zinc displaced from the bath. 17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the device (31) for receiving molten zinc displaced from the bath is designed as a channel (31). 18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the transducer (34) is operative to detect the zinc level or alternatively the absence of molten zinc, in the device (31) for receiving molten zinc from the bath (2).

Inventors: EVENSEN TORSTEIN, LINDBLOM LARS, EVENSEN, TORSTEIN, LINDBLOM, LARS
Applicants: EVENSEN TORSTEIN, LINDBLOM LARS, EVENSEN, TORSTEIN, LINDBLOM, LARS
Application year: 1989
Main classification: C23C2
IPC codes: C23C2