METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOGENOUS COMMINUTION PRIMARILY OF OVERCOMPETENT, HETEROGENEOUS MINERAL MATERIAL

Abstract: In autogenous grinding of mineral material in a grinding mill with a screening wall a method is provided for enabling the removal of at least three different fractions without the need of the screening wall being divided into sectors, thus increasing grinding material turnover and grinding capacity, namely by passing through openings (8) distributed over the screening wall (7) a mixed material fraction containing all material fractions having a particle size greater than or equal to the greatest openings (8) in the screening wall, and dividing up the mixed material fraction into at least three fractions in a classifying apparatus (13), by always taking out from the classifying apparatus (13) at least a fine fraction, a coarse fraction and a medium coarse fraction, the latter two fractions being kept separate for permitting, as required, diversion (38) of the coarse material fraction as grinding charge to following grinding steps, the two fractions being put together when said need of charge material is not present, when they may be taken to a means for reduction to sub-critical sizes for subsequent return to the mill (1) for renewed grinding.

Description: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOGENOUS COMMINUTION PRIMARILY OF OVER- COMPETENT, HETEROGENEOUS MINERAL MATERIAL The present invention relates to an apparatus for autogenous grinding of a homogeneous or heterogeneous coarse crushed mineral material in a rot- erande drum mill with a screening wall arranged inside the drum at its discharge end. In autogenous grinding, the grinding charge active for grinding in the mill or mills comes from the mineral material itself, a subsequent grinding step being supplied with a grinding charge from the grinding charge of a preceding mill by selective discharge from the latter. The present invention also relates to a method of comminuting a hetero¬ geneous, coarse lump or coarsely crushed mineral material. In the ex¬ pression "mineral material" there may also be included "industrial min¬ erals", and together or individually these kinds of materials are also called "ore" or "ores" in the following. In dressing mineral material, e.g. ore, for the selective or collective extraction of valuable substances or material components, these oper- ■ ations or processes are preceded by a mechanical pulverisation of the material such that the valuable components are separated from each other. By using known separation processes the valuable components can be segregated. The mechanical pulverisation or comminution usually starts already at the extraction of ore from a mine or surface digging. It is also normal here to crush the ore in one or more steps before final grind¬ ing to a fine material size suitable for the process. Depending on the properties of the ore , as well as the grinding technique which is to be used, the mineral material is crushed to a maximum lump size varying between about 500-IOOmm. The techniques dominating in grinding operations are: - The autogenous, in which grinding is done by utilising grinding bodies from the material itself, - semi-autogenous, in which the grinding bodies form the material itself are partially substituted by steel balls, - conventional, in wnich grinding is done exclusively by steel rod or ball grinding bodies. Historically, the conventional grinding technique has been predominant, and it is preceded by extensive crushing of the mineral material or ore before grinding, which gives a stable grinding process, due to the grind¬ ing charge being homogeneous in weight and composition-However, the con¬ ventional technique is the most outstandingly expensive of the grinding ^ techniques mentioned, because of high investment and operational costs. Particularly with lean ores and high production, the autogenous technique is to be preferred to the others, due to lower costs and the absence of foreign material in the shape of grinding bodies, and also because the 10 conventional technique gives rise to Fe ions in the comminution, which sometimes results in a poorer yield in flotation subsequent to grinding. By autogenous techniques is intended the situation where the grinding charge essentially comprises grinding bodies from the mineral material ' 5 itself, but that both external ko petent mineral material and steel balls or other material can be added as substitutes when there is a lack of supply of grinding bodies from the material itself. A very usual situation is, however, that the mineral material contains a 0 too great amount of difficultly ground, so-called "over-competent" mater¬ ial, which has a very negative effect on grinding capacity, and thereby on both grinding result and cost, and this situation must be dealt with if required -profitability is to be attained with autogenous grinding. 5 It is known from the-state of the art, e.g. SE-PS 7909921-A, that in grinding mineral material there is always material having different properies to be taken into consideration, and the known technique giving the best technical/economical result is selected, with due regard to the material properties. Within the field in question, it is known that, depending on its comminution properties and /or its "grinding resistance", the mineral material has different properties, which fom the autogenous grinding aspect can normally be divided into three different competence ranges, or be defined as: 1). Competent, i.ε ores having sufficient mechanical strength to form an active grinding charge by themselves, and are thus suitable for autogenous grinding, 2). incompetent, i.e. ores requiring an ad itin of foreign bodies, e.g. steel balls, to enable their comminution, and which are thus suit¬ able for semi-autogenous grinding or conventional grinding, 3). over-competent, i.e. ores which have very high mechanical strength, where their comminution in an autogenous grinding process requires a very high energy input, and which are thus suitable for conventional or semi-autogenous grinding. Within this technological field it is further known that comminution of a mineral material with the aid of autogenous grinding techniques takes place, generally speaking, in three different ways, namely: 1). By impact, i.e. shock on falling onto a substructure, or against the material itself, which is saving in energy; 2). by attrition, which is the most usual way in crushing, in rod or ball mills or in autogenous mills under favourable conditions, and means that small pieces are comminuted by pressure and shearing between larger pieces and/or between surfaces under pressure, this way being very saving in energy and is striven after in autogenous grinding processes; 3). by abrasion, i.e. comminution by the surfaces of material pieces being rubbed/worn against each other, which is normally requires a large amount of energy and often gives an unsuitable, uncontrollable ground product, and should therefore be avoided as far as possible. With "over-competent" material there is formed an excess of so-called critical material, i.e. difficultly ground fractions, this and increasing over-competence result in that the grinding space of the mill is success¬ ively filled by critical fractions, with resulting rapidly decreasing grinding capacity. In the mentioned Swedish patent examples are given of a technique that also substantially improves autogenous grinding of material having a pronounced over-competence.For certain intermediately competent materials and especially such that are clearly heterogeneous, this known technique gives unnecessarily high plant and operating costs, since in such cases more force than necessarv is used. One object of the present invention, in autogenous grinding, preferably wet grinding of a mineral material suitable for the process, to enable the discharge from a primary mill of a primary, ready-ground product, and also an over-critical fraction for being comminuted in an intermediate a-pparatus in the circuit to sub-critical partical size for returning this fraction, as well as enabling selectively and to a controllable amount the separation of a fraction from the critical fraction to form a grinding charge for a following grinding step, e.g. in a secondary pebble grinding step after a primary grinding step.. A further object of the invention is to achieve a method of comminuting a mineral material that gives the best possible solution to the problem of lowest investment and operating costs, as well as improving the econ- o y of otherwise possible autogenous circuits, simultaneously as it eliminates the need of semi-autogenous grinding. These inventive objects are achieved by the present apparatus and method being given the characterising features disclosed in the claims. With the apparatus and method of the invention there is provided the possib¬ ility of mastering with an extremely simple apparatus the problems occur¬ ring in autogeous grinding of over-competent material. At the same time as the primary grinding step is steered towards a technically/economical¬ ly favourable position, there is also obtained a controllable discharge of secondary grinding bodies as a grinding charge for a subsequent, sec¬ ondary grinding step. Certain mineral material may contain barren rock, and particularly such as that contained in what is defined here as critical fractions. The apparatus is also suitable here for taking out given fractions for which processing can continue via a special apparatus for separating barren rock. With regard to the method in accordance with the present invention of comminuting heterogeneous mineral material in an autogenous, primary grinding system r it is more specifically one where before the coarsely crushed mineral material is supplied to the autogenous grinding circuit it is divided up into a coarse and a fine fraction, the coarse fraction being such that it is suitable as grinding bodies in the grinding charge, while the fine fraction is subjected to crushing in one step to a size which from- a technical aspect gives a heavy reduction of fractions critical to the grinding, whereupon the fine fraction crushed in one step is put together with the coarse fraction forming the charge and is fed into an autogenous, primary mill in an intended mixing ratio. In the now started autogenous grinding, the material of non-critical character, i.e. the easily ground large and smaller lumps, will be quickly reduced, while critical fractions remaining from the pre- crushed fraction as well as those newly formedb.y reduction of tne large fraction are taken out selectively from a classifying apparatus connected to the mill, after which the fraction taken out from the classifying app¬ aratus is subjected to special fine crushing to sub-critical size and then -returned to the primary mill. There is achieved by this inventive method the advantage that minimum effort is required, simultaneously as controlled regulation of the crit¬ ical fractions is obtained. Grinding efficiency is thus increased con¬ siderably, and semi-autogenous grinding with steel grinding bodies is no longer required to any extent. In accordance with the present method, coarsely crushed mineral material is first crushed into two fractions, the coarse fraction thus obtained then being fed, preferably via an intermediate store, as a grinding charge to an autogenous mill, while the other fine fraction -obtained at the division into two fractions is taken to a crusher for reduction of the substantial share of fractions critical for grinding that it con¬ tains, the resulting crushed productthen being fed, preferably via an intermediate store, to the autogenous mill as the essentially largest grinding charge share therein. Remaining and newly formed critical fractions are taken from the auto¬ genous mill via the special, inventive klassifying apparatus connected to it, and these fractions are then further reduced in a crusher for re¬ turn to the autogenous mill. Accordingly, with the method of this invention, most ores ground today using the semi-autogenous technique because they are over-competent can be ground using the inventive, fractional method, which gives a consid¬ erably high degree of grinding efficiency, no costs for steel or other foreign, heavy grinding bodies and in addition a grinding product that is well adjusted to subsequent processes. What are designated herein as "critical" or "critical sizes" are such materials that due to their strenαth do not ' allow their comminution bv attrition. The invention will now be described in more detail in the following, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, where Figure 1 is an axial -5 section through an apparatus in accordance with the present invention, in its basic embodiment; Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the in¬ ventive method applied to a 2-step autogenous grinding plant, in which the inventive apparatus is included as an essential part; Figure 3 is an axial section through a modified embodiment of the apparatus in Figure 1 lu" and Figure 4 is an axial section through an alternative embodiment, which is particularly suitable for material, the major part of which is over-competent. On the drawings, a drum mill intended for autogenous wet grinding is 5 denoted by the numeral 1, and may be, although not necessarily so, the primary mill in a grinding plant containing several autogenous grinding steps. The mill 1 includes a drum 3 enclosing a grinding space 2, the drum rotating about its substantially horizontal, longitudinal axis. The grinding drum 3 is conventionally equipped with a lining and lifters of 0 wear-resistant material, e.g. rubber, although this is not shown on the drawings. A screening wall 7 is disposed inside the drum 3, and spaced from its end wall 6, which is provided with a discharge opening 4 and a hollow 5 trunnion 5. The screening wall 7 is provided over its entire surface with slots 8 of preferably rectangular configuration, with a greatest transverse dimension permitting the discharge from the grinding space 2 of mixed material having a maximum particle or lump size normally cor¬ responding to the upper or largest lump size for coarse material in the 0 over-critical size class, and which is intended for use as a grinding charge or grinding bodies in a following autogenous secondary mill 23 Figure 2) . The mixed material dischargee from the grinding space 2 via the screening wall slots 8 thus contains fractions of fine (primary ready-ground), intermediate and coarse material. The slots 6 are also arranged regarding size, numoer and position such that during norπ.r.1 op¬ eration the mill 1 is always caused tc maintain the desired P L 'lp level and charge composition in the grinding chamber 2. The screening wall 7 tightly surrounds a boss 9, which suitably has the shape of a truncated cone,with its base, in the plane of the screening wall and the rest of it projecting into the discharge opening 4 and trunnion 5. The boss 9 is concentric with the drum 3. As with the screening wall 7, the end wall 6 of the drum is provided on its side 5 facing the grinding space 2 with radial and/or substantially radial lif¬ ters 10 of wear-resistant material, e.g. rubber. The end wall lifters 10 work in a cavity 11 defined by the end 6 and screening wall 7, this cavity receiving the mixed material discharged via the slots 8, and which is lifted up by the lifters 10 and conveyed towards the centre of 10 the end wall. The outer side of the boss 9 functions as a deflector 12 for this material and directs it towards the discharge opening 4 and trunnion 5 and to a classifying apparatus 13 coaxially connected to the discharge end of the drum and rotating with it. 15 The apparatus 13 includes a coarse screening barrel 14 with a . fine screening barrel 15 coaxially surrounding it, the latter being tightly connected to the end wall 6 of the drum and extending coaxially past the discharge end 16 of the coarse screening barrel 14 with its discharge end 17, or flush with the discharge end 16 or inwards of it. Suitably, *- u the barrel 14 may have the same diameter as the discharge opening 4 and constitute a direct continuation of the end wall discharge trunnion 5, or be tightly connected to it. With this classifying apparatus 13, in accordance with the invention, 5 there is obtained a very advantageous process function which may be sum¬ marily described ss follows. The material/watery mixture discharged through the slots 8 is subjected to classifying and pulp separation in the apparatus 13, the mixed product fed into it being classified into a maximum of four kinds of poducts, namely: 1) a primary ground product 0 comprising the finest material fraction including substantially all the water, which goes to an outside classifying means 22 of the grinding • • circuit (see Figure 2); 2) a fraction above this product and having a particle size less than the one critical for grinding; 3) a fraction con¬ taining critical grinding sizes up to the least grinding pebble size for j a grinding charge εςuireo in a secondary pebble grinding step subsequent to the primary step: 4) a grinding pebble fraction which, according to this invention, may be mixed with the preceding critical fraction and be separately treated in a way described more closely hereinafter, and also may be controllably directed to a secondary mill 23 as a grinding charge when so required. Simultaneously as the apparatus 13 is a classifying means it is also im¬ plemented as a conveying means for conveying the respective fractions to subsequent treatment steps. The primary screening barrel 14 of the app¬ aratus 13 is divided into a first zone 18 with screen openings 18a, all¬ owing material of sub-critical size to pass to the surrounding fine screening barrel 15 with its screen openings 15a, 15b, and also to a second zone 19 with screen openings 19a having a size suited to the classifying -lower limit for grinding pebbles in the grinding charge of the secondary step. All solid material,as well as substantially all the water, which passes through the screen openings 15a, 15b, these having a least width in the order of magnitude 5-15 mm, is collected in a funnel 20 for pump¬ ing by a pump 21 or being conveyed in some other way to the outside classifying means 22 of the plant. From the means 22 the upper fraction returns to the mill 1 and the lower fraction to the secondary grinding step 23. Alternatively, this fraction is taken past the step 23 to a cyclone 24 after the step 23, via an outlet line 25 from the step 23 to a pump 26. The coarse screen barrel 14 is internally provided with conveying means in the shape of helically extending baffles or guides 27, for conveying outwards material coming from the opening 4, and thus they aid in the discharge from the coarse sceen barrel 14 th,ε fraction comprising pebble sized material. In given amounts, this material is taken with the aid of a diverting means 38 to the secondary mill 23 for forming its grinding charge, the remaining part or excess of this fraction being put together, by putting the diverting means 38 into the position illustrated in Figure 1, with the critical grinding fraction that has passed through the screen openings 19a. These two fractions are then subjected to (preferbly wet mechanical) comminution to sub-critical size, e.g. in a crusher 28, for return to tne mill 1 witn tne aid of a pump 29 or other suitable conveying means 30. r For separating the material allowed to pass through the screen openings 19a from the material passing through the screen openings 16a in the coarse screen barrel 14, the fine screen barrel 15 is provided with a partition wall 31 at the interface between zones 18 and 19. This divides the- fine screen barrel 15 into two separate zones 32 and 33, such that the zone 32 contains the openings 15a and zone 33 the _neeH.openings 15b for the primary, ready-ground fraction. The barrel 15 is interiorly provided in the zone 32 with conveying means in the shape of helically extending guides or baffles 34. The material passed through the openings 5 18a which is not allowed to pass through the openings 15a is returned, with the aid of the baffles 34 to the grinding space 2 via at least one walled duct 35 connecting zone 32 of the fine screen barrel to the grinding space 2. There is thus returned to the grinding space via this duct the material conveyed by the baffles 34 during the part of each 10 revolution the drum makes when the duct 35 is above a horizontal plane through the longitudinal axis 36 of the drum 3. Zone 33 of the fine screen barrel. 15 is provided,to enable obtaining positive discharge of the critical fraction which is allowed to pass 15 through the openings 19a in the coarse screen barrel 14 and also the grinding pebble fraction, where applicable, with helically extending baffles 37 adapted such as to convey in the opposite direction to the baffles 34 in zone 32. The material discharged from the classifying app¬ aratus 13 with the aid of these baffles 37 is diverted, as previously 20 mentioned, to a means, e.g. one for wet mechanical comminution, for re¬ ducing this fraction to sub-critical size. As previously mentioned, there is a diverting means 38 arranged in connection with the discharge end 16 of the coarse screen barrel 14. 25 This means is provided with a chute 39 and is pivotally mounted at 40 to a stationary holder (unillustrated) for movement between a first, and a second position. Tne first position is shown dashed in figures 1,3 and 4, in which the means 38 with its chute 39 is spaced from the end of the barrel 14, thus allowing the material passed cut of cue barrel to fall . - 5n into the fine screen barrel 15 and be discharged with the aid of its baffles 37 from the klassifying apparatus 13, in the cases where the fine screen barrel 15 extends past the ciscnarge end 16 of tne coarse screen barrel, or the material discharged from the coarse screen barrel 14 and the material discharged from the fine screen barrel 15 are toget- 35 ner taken furtner to tne means 28 for further reduction in the cases where the fine screen barrel has its discharge end 17 in line with or inwards of the discharge end of the coarse screen barrel. Tne second position is the one illustrated in Figure 1 , where the diverting means with its chute 39 takes off the fraction conveyed out by the baffles 27 from the inside of the barrel, this fraction being the grinding pebble fraction, to the following secondary grinding step 23, simulaneously as the material discharged from the fine screen barrel is taken to the means 28 for further reduction. The removal of grinding bodies from the classifying apparatus 13 to the secondary mill 23 is preferably controlled in response to the momentary need of this mill with the aid of power or weight sensing control means 41, such that when the mill requires grinding bodies the means 41 causes 10 the diverting means 38,39 to assume the position illustrated in figure 1, and when this need is no longer present, the means 41 causes, preferably in coaction with a like control means 41 for the primary mill 1, that the diverting means 38,39 is pivoted away from the position illustrated in Figure 1, and thus from the discharge end 16 of the 15 coarse screen drum 14 included in the classifying apparatus 13^ In this position the grinding pebble fraction is mixed with the critical fraction from zone 33 of the fine screen barrel 15, the two fractions then being taken to the means 28 for further reduction and return to the initial mill, i.e. the grinding mill 1 in the present case. 20 With this arrangement in accordance with the invention there is achieved the possibility, which is very advantageous from the profitablity aspect, of taking out from an autogenous grinding charge the maximum amount of critical fractions together with primary, ready-ground material, as well 25 as sub-dividing and controlling this discharge such that a subsequent secondary and/or tertiary grinding step is always supplied with the re¬ quired or αe εnded amount of grinding bodies. At the same time, the problem in the known technology of an increasing excess of critical material in the primary mill is entirely eliminated. One of the distin- 30 guishing features enabling this is the screening wall 7 disposed in the grinding drum 3. This wall has an area available for making orifices which is equal to its total superficial extent less the minor area taken up by the boss 9, which is provided for returning material from the classifying apparatus 13 via the duct 35 to the grinding space 2. -_*✓:___ • . In Figure 3 there is illustrated an embodiment of the present invention which is particularly suitable for over-competent, homogeneous material, i.e. such material that after grinding in the primary mill αoes not con¬ tain any great amount of the kind of product unαεr 2) on page 2 of this description, this product having a greatest particle size which is less than the size critical to grinding. This embodiment differs from the one in Figure 1 in as far as the fine screen barrel 15 is not divided into zones, but is provided along its whole length with the same baffles 37 as in the zone 33 of the embodi¬ ment in Figure 1. These baffles 37 convey to discharge all the material coming through the screen openings 18a and 18b in coarse screen barrel 14 that have a particle size greater than the greatest particle size of the finest material fraction. After discharge from the classifying apparatus 13 this material is taken to the subsequent reduction step 28. In the same way as with the embodiment in Figure 1 , the fine material fraction or primary, ready-ground material together with water passes out into the funnel 20 via the screen openings 15a of the fine screen barrel 15. Since no material in this embodiment is intended to, or needs to be returned directly from the fine screen barrel 15 to the grinding space 2, the return duct 35 has therefore been omitted in Figure 3. In addition, in the embodiment according to this Figure the openings 18a in the coarse screen barrel 14 may have the same size as the openings 19a, if so desired. The number of classifying steps in the embodiment of Figure 3 is thus 3, as compared with the four steps in- the embodiment of Figure 1, but for the remainder the embodiments are in mutual agreement. In autogenous grinding of. certain materials, particularly those having - high surface wear as well as favourable disintegration, i.e. competent materials, the above-described apparatus and process may not neεd to be utilised to its full extent, since the material supplied to the primary mill is rapidly ground to the desired particle size without particularly high energy comsumption and without specially critical fractions being formed in the grinding charge. In this case also, the number of classi- fying steps may De reduced to three, as compared with tne four steps in the embodiment of Figure 1. This permits a simpler embodiment, which is illustrated in Figure 4, this embodiment differing from the one in Figure 1 by the fine screen barrel 15 extending past the discharge end 16 of the coarse screen barrel 14. and not being divided into any special zones. The barrel 15 is also equipped along it:- whole length with the same baffles 34 as those of the zone 32 in the embodiment of Figure 1. With the diverting means 38 pivoted out to the position indicated by dashed lines, the baffles 34 of the fine screen barrel 15 convey all the material coming from the coarse screen barrel 14 to the return duct 35 for return to the grinding space 2, excepting the primary, ready-ground material, which passes out through the screen openings 15a and 15b in a manner previously described. Since the material that this embodiment is specially intended for does not form any critical fractions needing separation from other fractions, the openings 18a and 19a of the coarse screen barrel 14 may bε thε same as in the embodiment in Figure 1 , but it is also possible to omit the openings 19a and instead allow the openings 18a to have a size corres- ponding to the size of the openings 19a in Figure 1, i.e. the lower limit of the grinding pebble fraction, which is thus in this embodiment return¬ ed to the mill grinding space 2 in the cases where the following mill 23 requires an addition of grinding pebbles for its grinding function. In this embodiment, taking out grinding pebble fractions from the grind¬ ing space 2 is only brought about by thε need of grinding pebbles in the following grinding step, and not from any part of the grinding process in the primary mill grinding space 2, and thus the number of screen openings 8 in the screening wall 7 permitting thε passage of thε pebble fraction can be substanially reduced in comparison with the embodiments of figures 1 and 3. As already mentioned, most ores which are ground using autogenous grind¬ ing techniques include more or less homogeneous material, which can be more precisely expressed by saying that even in an apparently homogeneous material thεre are large differences in competence, disintegration pro¬ perties etc. It is therefore very advantageous, net in the least from tne economical aspect, that autogenous comminution of an ore material can take place such that the weaknesses of tne material can Dε utilisec in * hε nrst place, i s is attained or er.ab-_.5c r.'it t ε apparatus and εthcd of the prεsent invention, where the mεthcd itself mav bε des¬ cribed as a classifying tεchnique where the crude ore is treatεd in the following manner. 13 As will be seen from the flow diagram of Figure 2, incoming crude ore which has already been convεntionally crushεd to a lump size of 200- 500 mm is fed to a screen 50, which divides the orε into two fractions in the tolerance range of—100 mm. The coarser fraction is taken directly to a stockpile 52 and is used to form grinding charges for the primary grinding mill in a single or multi-step autogεnous grinding plant. The fine fraction obtained from the screen 50 is taken to a crusher 53 and crushed in it in a first reduction to a lump size suit¬ able for the material in question, thus also acieving that a large part of the critical sizes in it are removed. This crushed product is then taken from the crusher 53 to a stockpile 54, or optionally taken by a conveyor 55 to the autogenous primary mill 1. In connection with each stockpile or hopper 52,54 thεre are prefεrably arranged weighing discharge means 56 for discharging the coarse fraction from the hoppεr 52, or the fine fraction from the screen 50 which is reduced in the crusher 53_, onto the feed conveyor 55. This conveyor may also be equipped with weighing units 57 arrangεd directly after the respective discharge means 56. Preferably, there is also control equipment for controlling the total flow to the conveyor. The latter thus feeds the coarse fraction and the fine fraction which has been further reduced in the crusher 53 to thε autogenous primary mill 1 via • its feed hoppεr 59 in a predetermined ratio, the necessary amount of water also bεing supplied to the mill 1. During the immediate rεsiceπcε time in thε ir.il! 1 thεrε is a selective grinding of sub-critically sized material, as well as coarser material with weakness zones and of material having low competence. The material lumps of critical size accumulating in the grinding charge in the mill 1 now comprise still over-competent material from the size-reduced fine fraction from thε crusher 53 and impact-disintegrated coarser charge material from the coarse fraction coming from the screen 50. There is thus obtained in the mill 1 an intermediate fraction containing material of critical size and material of over-critical size. i.e. charge material, wnich can form critical sizes by being further reducεd. and in accordance with the invention is continuously taκεr> out of tne mill with the aid of a classifying apparatus, and is taken to the crushing step 28 in closed circuit with thε primary mill 1 for further reduction and return via a pump means 29 to the feed hopper 59 of the mill for refeed¬ ing to the mill. Due to the material-selective first reduction in the mill 1 , thε required crushing of the fine fraction from the screen 50 in the crusher 53 is minimised, and the quantity of critical sizes is kept 5 at a low level in the mill with the aid of continuous removal by the apparatus according to Figure 1 or 4. To obtain a favourable grinding sequence, coarse crushing should be sufficiently extensive for providing a relatively narrow interval 10 between the smallest and the largest size of the coarse fraction. The boundary between the coarse and fine fractions for the coarsely crushed material is suitably selected so that the least quantity and size required for grinding charges is provided with respect to coarse material. -15 The already described classifying apparatus 13 constitutes an essential component for carrying out the inventive method, and with it there is achieved a very advantageous function in the process technique, which may be summarily described as follows. Apart from the classifying 20 apparatus 13, the screening wall 7 in the primary mill 1 shall have, in accordance with the invention, the scrεen openings 8 distributed over its entire surface, and they shall havε a grεatεst transversε dimεnsion allowing dischargε from the mill 1 having a maximum particle or lump size normally corresponding to the upper, or thε greatest lump size for 25 an intermediate fraction in the over-critical size class, and which is intenoεd for use as grinding chargs or grinding bodies in a following autogenous sεcoπcary mill 23. Tne material/watery mixture passed out via the openings 8 in the screening wall 7 is subjected in the classifying apparatus to classifying and pulp separation, which classifies the mixed 30 product fed to it into a maximum of four kinds of product, namely: 1) a pi arily ground product comprising the finest ground material fraction, including substantially all thε water, this product being taksn tc the outside classifying 22 means (Figure 1) of the grinding circuit; 2) a fraction above the product just mentioned, and having a greatest -- • " ' particle size less tnan mat critical for grinding: 3 / a fraction containing sizεs critical fcr grinding, up to least crir. inα pεbblε size for a grinding chargε required in a secondary pebble grinding step fol¬ lowing the primary grinding step; 4) a grinding pebble fraction which, ir accordance with the invention, can be mixed with thε critical fraction just mentioned and be specially treated a way describεd earlier, and which as required can be controllably directed to the secondary mill 23 as a grinding charge. The invention is not restricted to what has been described above and illustrated on the drawings, and it can be modified in many different ways within the inventivε concept disclosed in thε following claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Mεthod of autogenously grinding mineral material in έι rotating arum grinding mill, witn a screening wall inside of the drum at its discharge end, characterised in that over the major part of its extension the wall (7) has screen openings (8) for passing a mixed material fraction con- taiπing all material fractions with a particle size less than or equal to the greatest openings (8) of the wall:, in that the mixed material fraction is segregated in a classifying apparatus. (13) into at least three material fractions, namely a coarse material fraction comprising material that can be used as charge material in a following grinding step; a medium coarse fraction of material critical for grinding and a fine fraction constituting material ready-ground in the mill; in that at least these three fractions are always taken out from the classifying apparatus (13); in that the coarse fraction is kept separatε from the medium coarse fraction for allowing, when required, diversion of the coarse fraction as .charge material to a following grinding step (23);. and in that these two fractions are put together when said requirement of charge material to the following grinding step is not present, and that they are then taken to a means (28) for reduction to a sub-critical size for subsequent return to the mill for renewed grinding. 2. Method as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that thε removal of the coarse material fraction as charge material from the classifying apparatus (13) is contollεd as to rεquirεmeπt from a following grinding step, and in that the coarse fraction taken from tne classifying apparε- tus (13) is entirely or partially taken, togetnεr with said " medium coarse fraction to a crushing plant (26) connεctεG in a circuit witn tnε mill drum (3), or altεrnatively indepεndent thereof, for crushing these fractions to sub-critical material, when there is no requirement of supplying charge material to the following grinding step (23). 3. Method as claimed in claim ': cr 2. characterised in that in thε classifying apparatus (13) a segregation of two medium fractions is obtained, namely a coarser and a finer medium fraction, the coarsεr constituting tne fraction critical for grinding, ana wnicn is tnus taκerι from thε classifying apparatus, while the finer rediurr. fraction is returned untreated to thε grinding space (2) of the mill. 4. Method as claimed in claime 3, characterised in that the finer medium fraction is returned to thε grinding space (2) via a return duct (35) extending substantially inwards towards the grinding space (2) from the classifying apparatus (13). 5. Apparatus in rotating drum grinding mills for autogenous wet grinding, and of the type having a screening wall spaced from the end wall of the grinding drum equippεd with a discharge opening, said wall having openings for passing material from the grinding space of the drum Q to a classifying apparatus connected to said discharge opening and rotating with the drum for receiving all the material passing the open¬ ings of the screening wall, said classifying apparatus including coaxial¬ ly arranged screening barrels, characterised in that over the major part of its extension the screening wall (7) has openings (8) for passing a mixed material fraction containing all atεrial fractions having a particlε size lesser than or equal to the greatest openings in the screening wall, and for also passing a coarse material fraction intεnded as grinding bodies or a grinding charge to a following grinding stεp (23), in that thε inner screεning barrel (14) of the classifying appara¬ tus (13) i.s provided with openings (18a, 19a) not permitting passage of said coarse material fraction, in that the outer screening barrel (15) of thε classifying apparatus is provided with openings (15a) solely permitting the passage of a fine material fraction including ready- ground material, and in that there are means (38) at the ciscnarge end (16) of thε inner screening barrel for enabling diversion of the coarse material fraction to a following grinding step -(23) as grinding cnarge, or for putting togεtnεr thε materials fεd cut of ootn srrεεning barrels (14,15) for taking to a means (28) which reduces this matεrial to subcritical sizε for rεturning it to thε mill for rεnεwεd grinding. 6. Apparatus as claimεd in claim 5, characterised in that the inner screening barrel (14) i= ύivϊdsd. into two zones (18,19), such that the zone (19) nearest the discharge end (16) of thε barrεl is provided with openings which are greater than those (18a) in thε inward zonε (18), 7. Apparatus as claimεd in ciεirr. 5 cr £. characterised in that the outer scrεεning barrel (15) is provided with conveying means (37) for discharging all material allowed to pass through thε opεnings of thε inner screening barrel (14), excepting the fine material fraction, from the classifying apparatus (13). 8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that as with the inner screening barrel (14), the outer screening barrel (15) is divided into two zones (32,33), the one (33) nearest the discharge end (17) of the outer barrel being provided with conveying means for discharging material coming from the corresponding zone of the inner screening barrel out from the classifying apparatus, and in that the inward zonε (32) of the outer barrel is provided with conveying means (34) for returning intermediate fractions from the inward zonε (18) of the inner barrel to the grinding space (2) of the drum via a walled return duct (35). 9. Method of comminuting a coarse lump heterogeneous mineral material by utilising an autogenous grinding system irrespective of the type of mineral material with regard to its competence, the material supplied being coarsely crushed and screened into at least two fractions, the coarsest fraction being intended to constitute charge matεrial to an autogenous primary mill included in the autogenous grinding systεm, whilε thε other, finer fraction is furthεr reduced to a fraction containing both a minor proportion of critical material fractions and a major proportion of sub-critical fractions, characterised in that substantially the entire grinding material quantity is stepwise brought to sub-critical particle size by said finε fraction being crushεd bεforε entry into said primary -till togstner witn saic first grinding cnergε traction, -anc ε so oycontinuous rεmovai of critical fractions via tne classifying apparatus of said primary mill, and crushing this fraction to sub-critical size for subsequent return to said primary mill. 10. Method as claimed in claim 1 , characterised in that said critical fraction taken out f said still is diverted as crincin nettles in an amount controlled by the nεεd of it to form grinding -chargεs to grind¬ ing steps possibly following the primary grinding step. 11. εtcd as ci≡ire ir * clair 1 cr 2. characterised ir f-.st sub- critical material fractions are continuously segregated and returned to the grinding space of the mill.

Inventors: MARKLUND OLLE, SOEDERMARK GUNNAR, MARKLUND, OLLE, SOEDERMARK, GUNNAR
Applicants: SKEGA AB
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B02C17
IPC codes: B02C17, B02C21