DEVICE FOR MAKING A MECHANICAL ELEMENT INTEGRAL IN ROTATIONALMOVEMENT WITH A SECOND EXTERNAL, COAXIAL ELEMENT BY FRICTION

Abstract: Device for making two coaxial rotating mechanical elements (1, 2) integral by friction between two friction zones (3, 4) generated by traction on the inside element exerted by the threaded end with pitch n of shaft (10), screwing into a threaded hole (12) of inside element (1). Shaft (10) is also laterally threaded with pitch (10') equal to that of threaded pins (7) supported by housing (9) coaxial with the shaft. When end (11) of shaft (10) is screwed into hole (12), pins (7) rotate tangentially along the inside threading of pitch m of bushing (5) wedged in outside element (2) and translate with housing (9). When friction surfaces (3, 4) of the two elements come in contact, a further rotation of shaft (10), pitches m and n being different, causes the relative locking. Coupling between shaft (10) and pins (7) and the coupling between the pins and bushing (5) are of the forced type, obtained by an interference between the various threads.

Description: The invention concerns the field of the systems for blocking two coaxial rotating parts in any kind of machines by means of the traction exerted between the coupling of portions threaded with different pitches. The state of the art comprises some cases of said blocking-systems: a basic example is supplied by patent no. DE-C-952-673. In this case, like in the rest of the other known systems, the cited traction involves only threaded portions created on the two parts to be fixed, therefore affecting and influencing the project-dimensioning of such parts. Different is the solution provided by the present invention, wherein other independent parts are introduced, which cause the said required traction. These parts, as well as the relating advantages, will be explained in the following description. To owercome such such disadvantages, the object of the invention is a combination of a first mechanical element, a second mechanical element, and a device for locking the first mechanical element against relative rotation in the second element being external and coaxial to the first element by friction which is generated between two friction zones of the two elements as a result of an axial traction exerted on the first element, comprising a hollow cylindrical bushing threaded on its inner surface with pitch m, characterized in that the bushing is wedges in an inside cylindrical cavity of the second element, that threading stud pins are arranged to rotate tangentially to the threads of the bushing and to adhere by friction due to a deliberate interference between the diameters of their threading with that of bushing, said stud pins being threaded with pitch m, being supported at their ends by outside rings of a cylindrical housing and being free to rotate around their own axes as a result of the movement imparted to them, also by friction from the interference between the threadings, by the rotation of a shaft, which is also threaded with pitch m, that the shaft has the axis of rotation coincident with that of cylindrical housing, and carries a threaded end with pitch n greater than pitch m that screws into a threaded hole of the first element so that, by the effect of the rotation of shaft, during its screwing into hole, there are caused an axial approaching movement of the first element against the second element and a rotation in the opposite direction of threaded pins around their own axes, whereby the pins, engaging by friction of their own threads on the threading of bushing, translate, together with housing, along the direction of the longitudinal axis of inside element, until, friction surfaces of the two elements having come in contact, a further rotation of shaft in the screwing direction, by the resulting rotation of threaded pins, causes, by the effect of the difference between pitches m and n of the different threading, and axial traction of deliberate intensity on the first element and consequently a desired contact pressure between friction surfaces and the resulting locking of the two elements. The usefulness and reliability of the device become evident if, for clearness of explanation, a particular case of application of it is considered, i.e., for example, that in which one of the two mechanical elements to be locked is a machine tool arbor, to which is to be transmitted without slipping and vibrations the movement supplied by a cylindrical element, external and coaxial to it, for example, the rotating hollow shaft of an electric motor, or of another type. For said fastening, locking systems now in use adopt clamps that hold the arbor by engaging around its suitably shaped shank. The traction necessary to provide the desired pressure to the two friction surfaces, respectively, of the arbor and drive shaft, is provided by exerting, by systems of springs or the equivalent, the traction force sufficient to generate the friction necessary for transmission of the movement. These systems exhibit two main limitations of their functionality and reliability: in the first place, since dimensionally excessive or bulky structures cannot be constructed by spring or equivalent means, the traction force that can be exerted is limited, and not always such as to assure a perfect rigidity of transmission of the movement, i.e., without relative slipping or vibrations. In the second place, also for dimensional reasons, the shaped part gripped by the clamps necessarily exhibits a narrowing of the section which many times triggers fatigue breaking phenomena as a result of the torsional-bending stresses to which the arbor is subjected during its work and during the sudden insertion operations caused by automatic coupling elements. The device, object of the invention, solves both the problems, set forth above, as will be explained below. Figure 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of an arbor-shaft motor-locking device unit. Arbor 1 and rotating shaft 2 remain integral during rotation by the friction that is generated between their respective friction surfaces 3, 4. This friction is generated by the traction that is exerted on arbor 1 as follows: A threaded blind hole 12 with threading of pitch n is made in the end part of the arbor. In this hole is screwed threaded end 11 of arbor 10', an arbor which also carries on its surface a threaded portion 10 with threading of pitch m. Threaded pins engage in this threading by rotating around their own axes by the friction generated by a deliberate interference between the diameters of their threadings with that of shaft 10; they are threaded pins 7, also with pitch m, variable in number depending on the dimensional requirements, supported at the ends of end rings 8, 8' of a cylindrical housing 9 but free to rotate around their own axes. During the operation of screwing of threaded end 11 of shaft 10 in threaded hole 12 of the arbor, these threaded pins 7 therefore rotate in the direction opposite to that of shaft 10 inside bushing 5, wedged in inside cavity 2'of the drive shaft and also threaded with the same pitch m as pins 7, of shaft 10. The rotation of threaded pins 7, relative to threaded bushing 5, causes the translation of housing 9 and of the pins integral with it in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis. At the moment which the two friction surfaces 3, 4 come in contact, a further rotation in screwing of shaft 10, by the effect of the further movement of the bushing and of the difference between pitches m and n of the threadings, causes locking of arbor 1 to hollow shaft 2' of the motor. Because of the small angle of inclination of the spiral of the threading, which is much less than the friction angle of the material, this locking is irreversible, unless a suitable countermaneuver of unscrewing and unlocking is performed. The traction force exerted in locking is distributed over all the numerous points of contact between the threads of pins 7 and of bushing 5 and therefore can be very high, in practice a function only of the resistance to traction of the diametral section of shaft 10. It can be noted that the locking forces affect a limited, concentrated portion of the hollow shaft of the motor, without imparting stresses to the other elements. With the locking device considered by the invention it is also very easy to avoid the serious risk of violent expulsion, with the motor in movement, of the arbor, in case of an accidental loosening of the locking. With a simple annular cavity 14 made in friction surface 4 of drive shaft 2 connected to sensors 13, for example pneumatic, of desired sensitivity, with the slightest clearance being created between the two friction surfaces 3, 4, it is easy to order immediately by said sensors the stopping of the motor, certainly before a complete unscrewing of end 11 of shaft 10 from hole 12 of the arbor shank occurs. It is obvious that the system of locking between two mechanical elements which can be obtained with the device of the invention can be extended to any type of other pertinent application and, therefore, the figure represents only a particular example, without in any way being binding or limiting of the possibilities of use of the device under consideration. Final note: the clockwise and counterclockwise directions of the various threadings have not been indicated, since their selection is free depending on requirements, if the correct kinematic functioning of the entire device remains unchanged.

Claims: Combination of a first mechanical element (1), a second mechanical element (2), and a device for locking the first mechanical element (1) against relative rotation in the second element (2) being external and coaxial to the first element by friction which is generated between two friction zone (3, 4) of the two elements as a result of an axial traction exerted on the first element (1), comprising a hollow cylindrical bushing (5) threaded on its inner surface with pitch m, characterized in that the bushing (5) is wedged in an inside cylindrical cavity (6) of the second element (2), that threading stud pins (7) are arranged to rotate tangentially to the threads of the bushing and to adhere by friction due to a deliberate interference between the diameters of their threading with that of bushing (5), said stud pins being threaded with pitch m, being supported at their ends by outside rings (8) of a cylindrical housing (9) and being free to rotate around their own axes as a result of the movement imparted to them, also by friction from the interference between the threadings, by the rotation of a shaft (10), which is also threaded with pitch m, that the shaft (10) has the axis of rotation coincident with that of cylindrical housing (9), and carries a threaded end (11) with pitch n greated than pitch m that screws into a threaded hole (12) of the first element (1) so that, by the effect of the rotation of shaft (10), during its screwing into hole (12), there are caused an axial approaching movement of the first element (1) against the second element (2) and a rotation in the opposite direction of threaded pins (7) around their own axes, whereby the pins, engaging by friction of their own threads on the threading of bushing (5), translate, together with housing (9), along the direction of the longitudinal axis of inside element (2), until, friction surfaces (3, 4) of the two elements having come in contact, a further rotation of shaft (10) in the screwing direction, by the resulting rotation of threaded pins (7, 7'), causes, by the effect of the difference between pitches m and n of the different threading, and axial traction of deliberate intensity on the first element (1) and consequently a desired contact pressure between friction surfaces (3, 4) and the resulting locking of the two elements. Device according to claim 1, characterized by a system of one or more sensors (13) which, noting the condition of imperfect approach between the two friction surfaces (3, 4) of the two mechanical elements (1, 2) immediately switch off the drive apparatus connected to the mechanical elements in rotation, causing their stopping. Device according to claims 1 and 2 applied to a machine tool arbor which receives the movement of the hollow shaft of a motor that is electric or of another nature.

Inventors: MANTOVANI, ELIS
Applicants: BALDACCINI, MARIO
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B23B31
IPC codes: F16H25, B23B31, B23Q3