Box cutting method and apparatus thereof

Abstract: A box cutting method is characterised in that after moving a cutter (11A) for cutting a box (A) to a predetermined position which is determined in accordance with the size of the box, the box is cut by moving the cutter along a cutting line formed on the box.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention This invention relates a box cutting method and an apparatus for carrying out the method, and particularly to a box cutting method and an apparatus for carrying out the method which is suitably used for collectively cutting desired upper edge portions of a plurality of boxes and opening top surfaces of the boxes without damaging or injuring goods contained in the boxes and without generating cutting chips. Description of the Prior Art As a conventional box cutting method and an apparatus for carrying out the method, there are some as disclosed in Japanese Patent Early Laid-open Publication No. Sho 63-11297, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 52-27178, etc. The prior art disclosed in the above-mentioned Publications will be described. Japanese Patent Early Laid-open Publication No. Sho 63-11297 discloses a first box cutting apparatus and a second box cutting apparatus which are arranged at an angle of 90° with respect to each other, and furthermore, transfer conveyors transferring boxes through and from said first and second box cutting apparatuses, wherein said first and second conveyors are arranged at right angles. Similarly, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 52-27178 discloses a package unpacking device comprising a bottom cutter and an upper cutter for cutting both sides of a bottom portion of a package and an upper portion thereof. However, the prior art has the following problems. That is, the box cutting apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Early Laid-open Publication No. Sho 63-11297 and the package unpacking device disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 52-27178 are designed as such that an upper edge portion or an upper portion of a transferring box is cut by moving the box with respect to a cutter body which is held in a predetermined position. Accordingly, the box is swayed while it is transferred and the box is deformed by resistance when it is cut, which makes it impossible to cut the box at a desired place correctly. The result is that goods contained in the box are damaged and the box is cut in a wrong manner. Also, the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus or the above-mentioned package unpacking device is designed as such that the boxes are individually cut. Accordingly, cutting efficiency is low. In addition, the Publications do not disclose nor even suggest that a plurality of boxes are collectively cut. Further, the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus or the above-mentioned package unpacking device does not disclose nor even suggest that boxes, which are being transferred, are cut or not cut according to necessity. In other words, the Publications do not disclose nor even suggest that only an upper edge portion of a desired box is cut. Furthermore, the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus or the above-mentioned package unpacking device is designed as such that an upper edge portion or an upper portion of a box is cut without putting aside goods contained in the box inwardly. Accordingly, goods contained in the box are sometimes damaged. Still further, the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus is designed as such that a pair of opposite cutting knives are inserted with respect to a top surface and a side surface of a box to cut down an upper edge portion of the box at angles. Accordingly, the cutting pieces or cutting chips must be removed. Yet further, the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus or the above-mentioned package unpacking device is designed as such that all boxes are cut at an equal cutting depth. Accordingly, the box cannot correctly be cut at a desired deep position. The result is that goods contained in the box sometimes are damaged and the box is sometimes cut in a wrong manner. Moreover, the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus or the above-mentioned package unpacking device does not disclose nor even suggest that a cutting knife position of a box is determined with reference to a position where a clamping plate pressing the side surface of the box clamps the box. From DE-A-32 38 599, there is known a box cutting method and a box cutting apparatus wherein the cutter can move in three rectilinear dimensions for positioning and cutting a box clamped in a fixed position. It is an object of the present invention to provide a box cutting method and an apparatus for carrying out said method which is capable of cutting a box with accuracy and reliability by means of collectively cutting a plurality of boxes. The above object is achieved in terms of the desired method by the subject matter of claim 1 and in terms of the desired apparatus by the subject matter of claim 2. Preferred embodiments and further improvements of the invention are defined in the subclaims. In particular, the subject matter of the subclaims defines an apparatus which is capable of cutting only one desired upper edge portion of the boxes to be cut. For this purpose there is provided a cutter body vertical movement portion for moving a cutter body in the general vertical direction. In an attempt to cut the upper edge portions of the boxes without generating cutting chips a cutting knife is provided at angles with respect to the top surfaces of the boxes to be cut. In particular, the cutting knife is arranged in such a manner as to have a predetermined distance from an external side of a side surface of the box situated beneath said upper edge portion. Furthermore, detecting means can be provided for detecting the top surface of a box. Specifically, the boxes are cut at a cutting depth from said top surface which is preset in accordance with the size of the box. The above and other objects and characteristic features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art as the disclosure is made in the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front view showing one embodiment of a box cutting apparatus Fig. 2 is a side view thereof; Fig. 3 is a plan view thereof; Fig. 4 is a side view showing the details of an important portion thereof; Fig. 5 is a plan view showing the details of an important portion in the vicinity of a press roller portion thereof; Fig. 6 is a side view showing the details of an important portion in the vicinity of the press roller portion; Fig. 7 is a side view showing the details of an important portion of a cutter and a vertical movement device thereof; Fig. 8 are front and side views showing one example of a rotary knife thereof; Fig. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by X of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 are front and side views of another example of the rotary knife; Fig. 11 are front and side views of a rotary file thereof; Figs. 12 through 14 are explanatory views showing a positional relation between the rotary knife and the box when the box is cut; Fig. 15 is a side view showing the details of an important portion in the vicinity of a height detector thereof; Fig. 16 is a front view showing the details of an important portion in the vicinity of the height detector; and Fig. 17 is an arrangement view showing a box cutting system, in which two box cutting apparatuses of the present invention are used. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Fig. 1 is a front view showing a box cutting apparatus, Fig. 2 is a side view thereof, Fig. 3 is a plan view thereof, and Fig. 4 is a side view showing the details of an important portion thereof. In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a cutter (cutter 1 is not shown in Figs. 1 through 3) for cutting a box A, 2 a vertical movement device for moving the cutter 1 in the generally vertical direction, 3 a horizontal movement device for moving the cutter 1 in the generally horizontal direction, 4 a back and forth movement device for moving the cutter 1 along a cutting line C formed on the box A, and 5 a box clamping device (clamping device 5 is not shown in Fig. 3) for pressing the box A in the generally horizontal direction. After the cutter 1 is moved to a predetermined position by the vertical movement device 2 and horizontal movement device 3 in accordance with the size of the box A, the cutter 1, as shown in Fig. 5, is moved along the cutting line C formed on the box A in order to cut an upper edge portion B of the box A which is in a stopped state. Various component parts of the above-mentioned embodiment will be described. As shown in Figs. 4 through 7, in order to cut two upper edge portions B of the right and left sides of the box A simultaneously or in order to cut either one of them, two sets of cutters 1 are provided. Each of the cutters 1, as shown in Fig. 4, comprises a cutter body portion 11 including a rotary knife 11a as a cutting knife, a motor 11b connected to the rotary knife 11a, a pair of upper and lower linear bearings 11c, 11c, etc.; an air cylinder portion 12 as a cutter body vertical movement portion including an air cylinder 12a, a bracket 12b with the air cylinder 12a mounted thereon, a linear bearing 12c mounted on the bracket 12b, etc.; a press roller portion 13 as a box pressing portion adapted to press the box A including a press roller 13a, a spring 13b for urging the roller 13a against the box A, a linear bearing 13c, etc.; and the like, so that a desired cutter body portion 11 is independently brought to a lower position by the air cylinder 12a of the air cylinder portion 12, and the cutter body portion 11 in the lower position is moved in the generally vertical direct ion by the vertical movement device 2 as will be described so as to bring the cutter body portion 11 to a position corresponding to the height of the box A. Figs. 12 through 14 show the embodiments of the rotary knife 11a suitable for cutting a box A formed of a corrugated board having a thickness of from 2mm to 8mm. The rotary knife 11a is disposed at angles with respect to a top surface D of the box A. More specifically, the rotary knife 11a is attached at an angle of 60° However, the knife 11a may preferably be attached at an angle of from 30° to 120° and more preferably at an angle of from 45° to 75° . Similarly, the figures show the embodiments of from 5mm to 15mm as the cutting depth in the vertical direction. However, it may preferably be from 2mm to 30mm, and more preferably from 3mm to 20mm. Likewise, the figures show the embodiments of 4mm as the cutting depth in the horizontal direction. However, it may preferably be from 1mm to 10mm, and more preferably from 3mm to 5mm. Also, as shown in Fig. 6, a push amount of the press roller 13a may be from 3mm to 15mm with respect to the upper edge portion B of the box A, and more preferably from 6mm to 10mm. Also, as the rotary knife 11a, a sharp rotary knife such as a round blade may be used. Otherwise, there may be used various shapes of knives as shown in Figs. 8 through 10 for example. That is, when a sharp knife like a round tooth is used, the cutting line C, i.e., the edge portion of the cutting plane becomes too sharp and a hand is sometimes injured by the edge portion of the cutting plane when goods are taken out of the box A. Therefore, in the illustrated examples, the rotary knife 11a is formed as such that the cutting plane is made somewhat rough in order not to injure the hand but not so rough as to generate cutting chips. Figs. 8 and 9 show an example, in which the rotary knife is provided with a plurality of slits on its periphery and the blades are provided to the hatched portion. Also, Fig. 10 shows an example of the rotary knife in which the rotary knife is provided on its side surface with a small knob. Also, Fig. 11 shows an example of a rotary file for making rough the plane which was cut by the sharp rotary knife 11a like a round blade. The rotary file is disposed behind the rotary knife 11a separately from the rotary knife 11a. The rotary file is preferably thicker than the thickness of the rotary knife 11a. Furthermore, the press roller portion 13, as shown in Fig. 6, is designed as such that the press roller 13a is caused to press an upper portion of the side surface E beneath the upper edge portion B to be cut of the box A in the horizontal direction. The press roller portion 13, as shown in Fig. 7, is connected with respect to a rod portion hanging down from a hook 12e vertically mounted to the bracket 12b for fixing the air cylinder 12 through a plate 13d mounted on the linear bearing 13c of the press roller 13, and the rod portion is resiliently provided with a spring 12f, so that the press roller 13 is moved in the vertical direction in accordance with the vertical movement of the air cylinder portion 12. In a case that a low box A is cut, as the lowering movement of the cutter body portion 11 and the air cylinder portion 12 by means of activation of the vertical movement device 2 along a linear rail 21a causes the press roller portion 13 to be lowered to a position where the press roller portion 13 interferes with the box clamping device 5 along the linear rail 21a, the linear rail 21a is provided at its lower end with a stop plate 21d so that the press roller portion 13 would not be lowered exceeding the stop plate 21d. That is, when the press roller portion 13 is brought to the stop plate 21d in accordance with the lowering movement of the cutter body portion 11 and the air cylinder portion 12, the spring 12f is compressed and the press roller portion 13 is not lowered exceeding that point. Also, the vertical movement device 2, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 7, comprises a pair of lifting masts 21, 21 including a linear rail 21a disposed in the vertical direction, a timing belt 21b juxtaposed to the linear rail 21a, a linear bearing 21c, etc.; a motor 22 and a driving shaft 23 disposed on a traveling truck 41 and adapted to drive the timing belt 21b; a height detector 24 disposed in the vicinity of a lower end of the lifting mast 21 and adapted to detect the height of the box A; and the like. The vertical movement device 2 is connected with the timing belt 21b through the plate 12d mounted on the linear bearing 12c of the air cylinder portion 12, and the rotation of the timing belt 21b causes the cutter 1 to be moved in the vertical direction. One lifting mast 21 is moved on the linear rail 31a of a horizontal movement device 3 as will be described in the generally horizontal direction through the linear bearing 21c (see Figs. 3 and 4). On the other hand, the other lifting mast 21 is fixed with respect to the horizontal direction. Also, the height detector 24, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, comprises an air cylinder 24a, a box detecting plate 24c, a plate mounting rod 24d, a boss member 24e, a spring 24f, a long hole plate 24g, etc. The height detector 24 is mounted on the bracket 12b of the air cylinder portion 12 of the cutter 1 through a bracket 24h. A piston rod 24b of the air cylinder 24a is provided at its one end with the boss member 24e. Lower ends of a pair of plate mounting rods 24d, 24d, which penetrate through the boss member 24e and the bracket 24h at both sides of the piston rod 24b, is attached with a box detecting plate 24c. Also, between the box detecting plate 24c and the boss member 24e, the spring 24f is disposed as such that the plate mounting rod 24d is wound therearound with the spring 24f. The box detecting plate 24c is normally pushed down by the spring 24f. Also, the long hole plate 24g interconnects the box detecting plate 24c and the boss member 24e. And, the boss member 24e is moved within the range of the long hole of the long hole plate 24g by means of the activation of the air cylinder 24a through the piston rod 24b so as to move the box detecting plate 24c in the generally vertical direction. Also, the horizontal movement device 3, as shown in Figs. 2 through 4, comprises a width narrowing bed 31 including a linear rail 31a, etc. disposed on a traveling truck 41; a ball screw 32 disposed in parallel relation with the width narrowing bed 31; a motor 33 for driving a screw shaft 32a of the ball screw 32; etc. In accordance with the rotation of the screw shaft 32a of the ball screw 32, a plate 34 provided with a nut 32b is moved in the generally horizontal direction, and one lifting mast 21 is moved in the generally horizontal direction through the movement of the plate 34. The horizontal movement device 3 is moved in the back and forth direction in accordance with the traveling of the traveling truck 41 of the back and forth movement device 4, as will be described. Also, the back and forth movement device 4, as shown in Figs. 1 through 3, comprises a traveling truck 41 adapted to travel on a pair of linear rails 61, 61 disposed in the back and forth direction on an upper surface of the frame 6; a motor 42 for driving the traveling truck 41; a rack 43a juxtaposed to an external side of each of the pair of linear rails 61, 61; a pinion 43b connected with the motor 42 and adapted to mesh with the rack 43a; etc. The traveling truck 41 is mounted thereon with the cutter 1, the vertical movement device 2, and the horizontal movement device 3. The cutter 1, which is moved to a predetermined position beforehand by the vertical movement device 2 and the horizontal movement device 3, is moved in the back and forth direction, i.e., in the direction along the cutting line C (the direction generally perpendicular to the horizontal direction) in accordance with the traveling of the traveling truck 41. Also, the box clamping device 5, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, comprises a pair of clamping plates 51, 51 each including a projection 51a disposed at each side of a transfer path of the box A and adapted to prevent the box A from falling and/or moving due to resistance generated when the box A is cut; a pair of air cylinders 52, 52 connected with the clamping plates 51, 51; a pair of guide shafts 53, 53 disposed in both sides of the air cylinder 52; etc. Lower portions of the side surfaces E of the box A are pressed in the generally horizontal direction by the pair of clamping plates 51, 51 in order to fix the box A. Also, a bracket 54 of the box clamping device 5 is provided with a fixed guide 54a. In a case that the box A is high (for example, more than 300mm in height), if only the lower portions of the side surfaces E of the box A are clamped by the pair of clamping plates 51, the box A is sometimes, clamped in an inclined state. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned clamping plates 51, it is preferable to provide another pair of clamping plates (not shown) in order to press upper portions of the side surfaces E of the box a in the generally horizontal direction. Next, a box cutting system using two box cutting devices of the present invention will be described. Fig. 17 is an arrangement view showing one embodiment of the above-mentioned system. In the figure, α denotes a first box cutting apparatus adapted to cut two upper edge portions B in the longitudinal direction of the box A, β a second box cutting apparatus adapted to cut two upper edge portions B in the width direction of the box A, 7 a transfer conveyor including (roller) conveyors 71, 72, 73, ... which are adapted to transfer the box A, and 8 a box stopper including stoppers 81, 82, 83, ... adapted to stop the box A. The box cutter apparatuses α and β shown in Fig. 17 are designed as such that the dimension of the cutter 1 able to move in the back and forth direction is larger than that of the box cutting apparatus shown in Figs. 1 through 3 in order to cut a plurality of boxes A by a single back and forth movement of the cutter 1. In the above-mentioned box cutting system, after a cutting unit consisting of a plurality of boxes A which are cut by a single back and forth movement of the cutter 1 is formed, the plurality of boxes A forming the cutting unit are clamped by the box clamping device 5 and the cutter 1 is moved along the cutting line C formed on the boxes A in order to collectively cut the upper end portions B of the boxes A. Also, the transfer conveyor 7 is provided at its upstream side with a depalletizer (not shown). One mode for carrying out a box cutting method of the present invention will be described next with reference to the embodiment wherein the above-mentioned box cutting apparatus is used. In one mode for carrying out a box cutting method of the present invention, first, a single or a plurality of boxes A depalletized by the depalletizer are collected into groups for each kind of goods and transferred in the longitudinal direction to pass the conveyor 71, then transferred to the conveyor 72 while being counted by a photoswitch PH11 and stopped by the stopper 82 in sequence. When the maximum number registered in a control CPU (not shown) beforehand as a number able to be cut at a time for each kind of goods is detected by the photoswitch (PH11) or if the number of the boxes A to be cut is smaller than the maximum number, when the number to be cut is detected by the photoswitch (PH11), the stopper 81 is moved up to stop the following box A, and the feeding of the box A to the conveyor 72 is completed. A single or a plurality of boxes A of the same kind of goods assorted on the conveyor 72 are put closely together in the forward direction by the stopper 82, and are then transferred to the conveyor 73. When the arrival of the foremost box A to the stopper 83 is detected by the photoswitch PH13, the conveyor 73 is stopped and two upper edge portions B in the longitudinal direction of the box A are cut by the cutters 1 of the first box cutting apparatus α as will be described. The boxes A, which were cut by the first box cutting apparatus α, are transferred to the conveyor 74 and then individually separated by the stopper 84. Thereafter, the boxes A are transfer at right angles from the conveyor 75 to the conveyor 76. After stopped by the stopper 85, the box A, which was cut the longitudinal direction thereof, is further cut two upper edge portions B in the width direction of the box A by the second box cutting apparatus β and then transferred to the downstream side conveyor 77. Regarding to the sequent order of cutting the box A, the width direction of the box A may be cut first and then the longitudinal direction thereof may be cut. Also, it is preferable that the conveyors 74 and 75 can move at a higher speed than the conveyor 73. Also, the cut-out top surface D of the box A is removed by suitable means such as , for example, absorption by a vacuum head, removal by a worker or the like. As described in the foregoing, the boxes A, which were depalletized by the depalletizer, are collected into groups for each kind of goods and transferred in the longitudinal direction and then stopped on the conveyor 73. That is, when the cutting unit consisting of a plurality of boxes A is formed, two upper edge portions B in the longitudinal direction of the box A are cut by the box cutting apparatus α. That is, first, in order to fix the plurality of boxes A, which form the cutting unit, to a predetermined position, the lower portions of both side surfaces E of each box A are pressed in the generally horizontal direction and clamped by the pair of clamping plates 51, 51 of the box clamping device 5 in such a manner as to be fixed to the predetermined position. At this time, the clamping plate 51 at the side of the fixed guide 54a is always pushed out to a predetermined position, and the other clamping plate 51 is pushed out until the box A is pressed against the box A at the side of the fixed guide 54a. Each of the pair of clamping plates 51, 51 is provided with a limit switch (not shown), respectively. By virtue of the foregoing limit switch, completion of the fixing work of the box A to the predetermined position can be detected by detecting the completion of the pressing action of the clamping plates 51, 51 against the box A. When the box A has been fixed to the predetermined position, the rotary knife 11a is inserted at angles with respect to the top surface D of the box A to start the cutting operation to the upper edge portion B of the Box A. That is, the rotary knife 11a starts its rotation, and the rotary knife 11a as will be described moves in the vertical and horizontal directions until it reaches an extension line of the upper edge portion B of the box A. That is, the synchronous movement step for synchronously moving a plurality of cutter body portions 11 in the generally vertical direction causes the cutter body portion 11, which is brought to a lower position by an independent movement step as will be described, to be moved to a position corresponding to the height of the box A. At this time, if two upper edge portions in the longitudinal direction of the box A are required to be cut, the cutter body portions 11, 11 are brought to the lower position, i.e., the cutting position, by the air cylinders 12a, 12a. On the contrary, if one of the upper edge portions B is not required to be cut, the cutter body portion 11 at the side of non-cutting upper edge portion B is brought to the upper position, i.e., the non-cutting position, by the air cylinder 12a. That is, the independent movement step for independently moving the plurality of cutter body portions 11 adapted to cut the box A in the generally vertical direction causes a desired cutter body portion 11 to be brought to the lower position. As described in the foregoing, as the air cylinders 12a, 12a can independently be activated, two upper edge portions B in the longitudinal direction of the box A can simultaneously be cut or one of the upper edge portions B can selectively be cut. Therefore, by using two box cutting apparatuses α and β, all of the four upper edge portions B of the box A can be cut. It is also possible that only one upper edge portion B is cut, or two upper edge portions B are cut in an L-shape, or three upper edge portions B are cut in a generally C-shape according to necessity. There will be described hereunder a case where four upper edge portions B are all cut. In order to make setting of position in the vertical direction, the cutter 1 is lowered first from a predetermined height by the vertical movement device 2 and then, the top surface D of the box A is detected by the height detector 24 (box detection step). That is, when the box A is fixed to a predetermined position by the box clamping device 5, the air cylinder 24a pushes down the boss member 24e to a position (the position indicated by the solid line in Figs. 15 and 16). As a result, the box detecting plate 24c connected with the boss member 24e is also pushed down to a position (the position indicated by the two dotted chain line in Fig. 15). The start of a downward movement of the bracket 12b of the air cylinder portion 12 of the cutter 1 by the vertical movement device 2 also causes the height detector 24 mounted on the bracket 12b to be lowered. Upon contact of the box detecting plate 24c with the top surface D of the box A, the box detecting plate 24c stops at that position but the cutter 1 and the bracket 24h are continuously lowered. And, when the photoswitch PH1 mounted on the bracket 24h detects the box detecting plate 24c, the photoswitch PH1 starts a pulse counting of a counter number preset by an encoder mounted on a driving shaft 23 of the vertical movement device 2. That is, in accordance with the configuration, dimension, etc. of the upper edge portion B of the box A to be cut, as shown for example in Fig. 12 through 14, a preset cutting depth from the top surface D is selected with reference to the count number of the encoder (cutting depth selection step). Therefore, the cutter 1 is continuously lowered from the position of the top surface D detected by the afore-mentioned box detection step until the pulse count reaches the preset value and causes the rotary knife 11a to be brought to a cutting position by an amount of the cutting depth selected by the cutting depth selection step. When the pulse count reaches the preset value, the rotary knife 11a of the cutter 1 is brought to the position of a proper cutting depth. After the cutter 1 is correctly position with respect to the vertical direction, the air cylinder 24a draws up the boss member 24e to a position (the position indicated by the two dotted chain line) so that the box detecting plate 24c would not interfere with the box A when cutting. PH2 denotes a cutting depth abnormal detecting photoswitch which is disposed to a position slightly above the photoswitch PH1, and PH3 denotes a reflection type photoswitch which is disposed one-sided to the bracket 24h and adapted to detect an approaching state of the box A which is located in a lower position. When the approaching state of the top surface D of the box A is detected by the reflection type photoswitch PH3, the lowering speed of the vertical movement device 2 is switched from a high speed to a low speed. Also, the rotary knife 11a of one cutter 1 is moved in the generally horizontal direction from outside the side surface E of the box A located beneath the upper edge portion B to inside thereof by a predetermined distance, i.e., in such a manner as to have 4mm simultaneously with the above-mentioned lowering movement. As a result, the rotary knife 11a of the cutter 1 is brought to a position on the extension line of the upper edge portion B of the box A which is fixed to a predetermined position by means of pressing of the clamping plate 51 exerted to the side surface E of the box A. That is, in order to correctly position, the cutting knife 11a is moved inwardly from the above-mentioned position by a desired distance by narrowing the width of the lifting mast 21 with respect to the horizontal direction, with reference to the position of a dog 55 disposed at the clamping plate 51 at the opposite side of the clamping plate 51 at the fixed guide 54a which presses the side surface E of the box A. A photoswitch PH4, as shown in Fig. 4, is disposed in the vicinity of a lower end of the lifting mast 21 and adapted to detect the position of the dog 55 from above so as to stop the cutting knife 11a on the extension line of the upper edge portion B of the box A. Also, a photoswitch PH5 is adjacent to the photoswitch PH4 and adapted to switch the width narrowing speed of the horizontal movement device 3 from a high speed to a low speed. As described in the foregoing, when the rotary knife 11a is brought to the position on the extension line of the upper edge portion B of the box A, the cutter 1 is moved in the direction as indicated by the arrow along the cutting line C as shown in Fig. 5 and causes the rotary knife to be cut into the top surface D of the box A from a diagonal direction while allowing the rotary knife 11a to be rotated as shown in Fig. 6. As a result, the upper edge portions B of a plurality of boxes A can collectively be cut (cutting step). When the rotary knife 11a is moved in the direction as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 5 along the cutting line C, the press roller 13a, as shown in Fig. 5, presses the upper portion of the side surface E beneath the upper edge portion B of the box A by means of the spring 13b. As a result, goods contained in the box A are put aside inwardly (goods putting aside step) so that the goods would be away from the rotary knife 11a, i.e., the upper edge portion B of the box A. Accordingly, the upper edge portion B of the box A can be cut without damaging the goods contained in the box A. That is, as the upper edge portion B of the box A is tough and not easily put aside inwardly even if a pressure is exerted, only the goods contained in the box A and the side surface E of the box A can be put aside inwardly. When the cutting of the box A is finished, the cutter 1 is returned to a predetermined position, that is, to the upper end position by the vertical movement device 2, to the right end position by the horizontal movement device 3, and to the front end position by the back and forth movement device 4, respectively. Also, the box clamping device 5 opens the box A, the conveyor 73 is actuated, the stopper 83 is lowered, the box A is transferred to the second box cutting apparatus β via the downstream side conveyors 74, 75 and 76, and then two upper edge portions in the width direction of the box A are cut by the second box cutting apparatus β in the same manner as the preceding case where two edge portions in the longitudinal direction of the box A are cut by the first box cutting apparatus α. Then, the box A with its four upper edge portions already cut is transferred to the conveyor 77 in the same manner as the preceding case where the box A is transferred to the conveyor 74. In a case that the following box A is identical with the preceding box A, it is preferable that the cutter 1 is returned to a position higher by approximately 150mm from the current position by the vertical movement device 2, to a position away by approximately by 50mm in the right-hand direction by the horizontal movement device 3 and to the front end position by the back and forth movement device 4, respectively, instead of returning the cutter 1 to the predetermined position. Although several embodiments of a box cutting apparatus of the present invention and several modes for carrying out a box cutting method of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments nor modes. For example, the box clamping device 5 for pressing the box A in the generally horizontal direction can be omitted, so that the box A is cut in a moving state. Also, the traveling truck 41 of the back and forth movement device 4 may be moved by a chain or by a motor for driving the chain. Also, the press roller portion 13 may be omitted. Also, as the detector 24 for detecting the height of the top surface D of the box A, there may be provided a plurality of photoswitches adapted to detect the top surface D of the box A so that the cutting depth is selected with reference to a photoswitch which has detected the top surface D. As a box cutting method and an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, as described in the foregoing, is designed as such that a cutter is moved along a cutting line formed on a box, an upper edge portion of the box can be cut with accuracy and with reliability. Furthermore, as it includes a box clamping device adapted to press a box in the generally horizontal direction, the box is cut in a stopped state. Accordingly, the box is not swayed and/or deformed. As a result, goods contained in the box are not injured and the box is not cut in a wrong manner. Moreover, as a plurality of boxes are collectively cut, the boxes can be cut with high efficiency. And, by cutting a box in a stopped state, the box is not swayed nor deformed. As a result, goods contained in the box are not injured and the box is not cut in a wrong manner. Also, as it includes an independent movement step adapted to independently move a plurality of cutter body portions for cutting a box in the generally vertical direction, that is, as it includes a cutter body vertical movement portion adapted to move the cutter body portions in the generally vertical direction, only a desired upper edge portion or portions can be cut. And, as it includes a horizontal movement device adapted to move a cutter in the generally horizontal direction, a back and forth movement device adapted to move the cutter along a cutting line formed on a box, and a box clamping device adapted to press the box in the generally horizontal direction, and as the box is cut in a stopped state, the box is not swayed nor deformed. As a result, goods contained in the box are not injured and the box is not cut in a wrong manner. Also, as goods contained in a box are put aside inwardly, an upper edge portion of the box can be cut without injuring the goods contained in the box. Also, as it includes a vertical movement device adapted to move a cutter in the generally vertical direction, a horizontal movement device adapted to move the cutter in the generally horizontal direction, and a box clamping device adapted to press the box in the generally horizontal direction, and as the box is cut in a stopped position, the box is not swayed nor deformed. As a result, goods contained in the box are not injured, and the box is not cut in a wrong manner. Also, as a cutting knife is inserted at angles with respect to a top surface of a box, an upper edge portion of the box can be cut without generating cutting chips. And, as it includes a press roller portion, an upper edge portion of a box can be cut without injuring goods contained in the box. Also, as a cutting knife is moved first to a position of a preset cutting depth from a top surface and is then moved along a cutting line formed on the box, an upper edge portion of the box can be cut with accuracy and with reliability. Also, as the position of a cutting knife is determined with reference to a position where a clamping plate presses the side surface of a box, an upper edge portion of the box can be cut with accuracy and with reliability.

Claims: A method for collectively cutting a plurality of boxes characterized by the following sequence of steps: a predertermined plurality of boxes (A) is closely lined on a first conveyor (71-73) one behind the other to form a cutting unit, said cutting unit is clamped, at least one of the upper edge portions (B) of each of the boxes forming said cutting unit are collectively cut by a cutter apparatus (α) moving in a direction parallel to the conveying direction of said first conveyor, unclamping said cutting unit and transferring the individual boxes forming said cutting unit to another conveyor (76,77) which is arranged under an angle of 90° with regard to the first conveyor, and on which the boxes are oriented in a 90° rotated manner with regard to said other conveyor if compared with their orientation on said first conveyor, the thus rotated boxes (A) are again closely lined to form another cutting unit and clamped on said other conveyor, at least one of the not yet cut upper edge portions (B) of each of the boxes forming said cutting unit are collectively cut by a second cutting apparatus (β), moving in a direction parallel to the conveying direction of said other conveyor, so that at least two upper edge portions, arranged at an angle of 90° with respect to each other are cut in the upper surfaces of all boxes. An apparatus for carrying out the method of claim 1 comprising: a first box cutting apparatus (α) and a second box cutting apparatus (β) which are arranged at an angle of 90° with respect to each other,and transfer conveyors (71-77) for transferring boxes (A) through and from said first and second box cutting apparatuses (α,β), said first and second conveyors being arranged at right angles, characterized by box stoppers (81-85) for stopping boxes at predetermined positions on said conveyors, clamping devices (5) for clamping cutting units formed by predetermined pluralities of boxes, rotatable cutters (1) which are provided in said box cutting apparatuses (α,β) and are movable along a predetermined path for collectively cutting at least one of the upper edge portions (B) of each of said boxes (A), wherein the vertical positions of said rotatable cutters (1) are adjustable. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 characterized in that press rollers (13a) are provided for pressing inwardly an upper side surface of said boxes (A) beneath said upper edge portions (B) for urging goods comprised in said boxes (A) in a position away from said upper edge portions. An apparatus as set forth in claims 2 or 3, wherein each of said box cutting apparatuses (α,β) comprises two sets of cutters (1) arranged opposite to each other; each of said sets of cutters being provided with means (12,12a) for adjusting same independently in the vertical direction, thereby allowing to bring each of said sets of cutters individually into or out of their cutting positions, such that merely one, or two, or three upper edges (B) of said boxes (A) are cut. An apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a height detector means (24-24h) is provided for detecting the position of the top surface of a box (A), such that the cutters (1) can be brought into their cutting positions for enabling a preset cutting depth from the top surface of the box.

Inventors: HIRATA EIJI, KATAYAMA YASURO, KOBUKI MANABU, TANAKA NOBUHIRO, HIRATA, EIJI, KATAYAMA, YASURO, KOBUKI, MANABU, TANAKA, NOBUHIRO
Applicants: KAO CORP, SEIBU ELECTRIC & MACHINERY CO, KAO CORPORATION, SEIBU ELECTRIC & MACHINERY CO., LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B65B69
IPC codes: B26D3, B65B69