FLUID FILTER

Abstract: The present invention deals broadly with the field of fluid filtration. More specifically, however, the invention deals with a fluid filter wherein the filter medium is automatically purged of particulate contaminants each time fluid under pressure is initially introduced through an inlet port to the filter. A preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly appropriate for use with systems such as water systems wherein constant pressure can be provided to the system even when contaminants are purged from the filter housing.

Description: The present invention deals broadly with the field of fluid filtration. More specifically, however, the invention deals with a fluid filter wherein the filter medium is automatically purged of particulate contaminants each time fluid under pressure is initially introduced through an inlet port to the filter. A preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly appropriate for use with systems such as water systems wherein constant pressure can be provided to the system even when contaminants are purged from the filter housing. Various types of filtration devices are known and employed in the filter industry. Canister-type filters are, typically, used for removing particulate matter from lubricating oils in vehicles and other machinery. Such filters are attached to the vehicle or machine to continuously filter the oil while the machine is operating. Canister-type filters which are used on motor vehicle engines, while being able to operate satisfactorily for a period of time, lose efficiency as time passes and particulate matter builds up on the filter medium. They must, therefore, be discarded and replaced after approximately 100 to 300 hours of use. Canister-type filters can also be employed for filtration of particulate matter from water. Such filters can be used in homes and industry for removing sand, grit, rust, and water treatment chemicals from water supplies. Use of such filters is particularly appropriate in rural homes where the water supply has a high concentrate of particulate deposits. Again, however, the useful life of the filter is limited by the rate at which clogging occurs. As clogging in increases, the pressure drop across the filter medium increases commensurately. A significant problem in the filtration industry has, therefore, been this residual build-up of filtered particulates on the filter medium. Because of the typical surface area of filtration medium elements, little storage capacity is afforded. A relatively short component life, thereby, results. One solution which has been attempted and which has gone far to resolving these problems is a self-cleaning fluid filter as disclosed in Applicant's prior patent, US-A-4,645,591, which issued on February 24, 1987. The device of that document, while being able to filter various fluids, was particularly intended for use in vehicle lubrication system filtration. The canister housing of the filter device disclosed in that document employed means for mating the filter with a nipple on the face of the engine with which it is intented to be used. As previously indicated, that invention was a significant advance over the prior art. The housing defined a sump into which particulate build-up on the filter medium, purged during initial start-up of the engine, was deposited. Consequently, the problem of the limited surface area of the filter medium was overcome. This, in turn, extended the use of the filter. Still, however, the life of the filter was limited, although to a lesser extend than in prior art devices, because of the limited capacity of the sump. While the presence of the sump significantly multiplies useful life of a device constructed in accordance with that patent, eventually, the sump becomes filled, and the filter canister must be discarded. Additionally, the particular design employed in the device illustrated in that patent was relatively complicated in operation. Further, the filter illustrated in that document provided certain safeguards which are, typically, necessary in a filtration system such as in a motor vehicle. In a constant pressure system, such as a water supply of a municipality, certain of those safeguards are unnecessary. The present invention is an improvement over prior art filters including Applicant's invention as disclosed in US-A-4,654,591. It provides a filtration mechanism which is simple in both its construction and operation. Additionally, however, it provides a filter which has a virtually unlimited operational life. The present invention is a self-cleaning fluid filter, comprising: (a) a housing having spaced inlet and outlet ports in a common wall thereof for ingress and egress, respectively, of a pressurized fluid; (b) a first sleeve, extending from said common wall along an axis of said housing, wherein an interior chamber of said first sleeve is in fluid communication with said outlet port, said first sleeve having a narrowed portion proximate said outlet port and an expanded portion remote from said outlet port, said narrowed portion of said first sleeve having at least one orifice formed therein; (c) a second sleeve, extending from said common wall and generally concentrically encircling a portion of said narrowed portion of said first sleeve to define a generally annular space in fluid communication with said inlet port therebetween, said second sleeve having a distal end spaced axially from said expanded portion of said first sleeve; (d) a generally cylindrical filter cartridge encircling said expanded portion of said first sleeve, being disposed for telescoping movement, in response to pressurized fluid flow through said inlet port, relative to said expanded portion of said first sleeve between a primary position, wherein a piston carried by a first end of said filter cartridge is received within, and occludes, said annular space, and a secondary position, wherein said piston is outside said annular space and axially intermediate said distal end of said second sleeve and said at least one orifice formed in said narrowed portion of said first sleeve to enable fluid flow entering the housing through the inlet port to pass outside and through the filter cartridge, and into the interior chamber of said first sleeve through said at least one orifice whenever said at least one orifice is not occluded; (e) means for normally biasing said filter cartridge to said primary position thereof; (f) a valve member received within said narrowed portion of said first sleeve and disposed for telescoping movement relative thereto between a primary position, wherein said at least one orifice formed in said narrowed portion of said first sleeve is occluded, and a secondary position, spaced axially from said primary position, wherein said at least one orifice formed in said narrowed portion of said first sleeve is /are unobstructed and permits fluid flow therethrough into said interior chamber; and (g) means, responsive to movement of said filter cartridge for urging said valve member from said primary position thereof to said secondary position thereof as fluid flow is introduced through said inlet port to urge said filter cartridge from said primary position thereof to said secondary position thereof, and for urging said valve member from said secondary position thereof to said primary position thereof as fluid flow through said inlet port is discontinued to allow said filter cartridge biasing means to urge said filter cartridge from said secondary position thereof to said primary position thereof; whereby, when fluid flow through the inlet port is recommenced, displacement of the filter cartridge, while said one or more orifices remain(s) occluded, gives rise to a back pressure acting on the filter cartridge and reverse travel therethrough of fluid, thereby to clean the filter cartridge of contaminants entrained therein. In the preferred embodiment, the valve member urging means comprises; (a) a valve piston exposed to pressure from fluid entering the inlet port as said filter cartridge is urged toward its secondary position and the piston carried by said cartridge passes the distal end of said second sleeve, received within the expanded portion of said first sleeve, the valve piston being operatively connected to the valve member for reciprocating movement relative to first sleeve and (b) means for normally biasing the valve member to said primary position therof. As fluid is introduced through the inlet port into the annular space, the piston carried by the filter cartridge is driven away from the wall in which the inlet port is formed and past the distal end of the second sleeve. The valve piston then becomes exposed to pressure from the fluid entering the inlet port. As pressure is brought to bear upon the valve piston, it will be driven axially to drive, in turn, the valve member axially away from its position occluding the orifice or orifices in the first sleeve narrowed portion. When fluid flow through the inlet port is terminated, the cartridge member will return to its primary position, and pressure will not be continuously exerted upon the piston received within the expanded portion of the first sleeve. Biasing means can be provided to engage either the valve member or the piston operatively connected to the valve member. When pressure on the piston connected to the valve member is terminated, the valve member will, therefore, be returned to its primary position occluding the orifice or orifices in the first sleeve. The filter cartridge itself is preferably internally delimited by a tubular portion defining an annular chamber between it and the narrowed portion of the first sleeve, with apertures being provided in the tubular portion of the filter cartridge, whereby when fluid flow through the inlet port is recommenced, orifice occlusion continues, the valve member remains in the primary position and the annular chamber reduces in size as the filter cartridge undergoes telescopic movement relative to the expanded portion of the first sleeve, thereby to propel fluid in the annular chamber through the openings in the tubular portion of the filter cartridge into the filter cartridge to clean the filter cartridge of contaminants entrained thereby. The preferred embodiment of the invention also includes structure whereby a sump is defined within the housing at an end thereof opposite said common wall, and wherein a wall of said housing opposite said common wall has a scavenger port formed therein. Preferably means is provided whereby the sump may be purged, at intervals, of particulate matter which has been scoured from the surface of the filter medium carried by the filter cartridge. Such purging means preferably comprises a spool valve operatively connected to the valve member for movement through the scavenger port, the spool valve having primary and secondary annular lands and a narrowed diameter portion interconnecting said lands, the primary and secondary annular lands, each precluding flow of fluid from the housing through the scavenger port when the valve, respectively, and the narrowed diameter portion permetting flow of fluid from the housing as said valve member transits between its primary and secondary positions. When the valve member is in its primary position, the spool is disposed so that a primary, annular land thereof is in a position occluding the scavenger port in the housing. As the valve member, however, is urged toward its secondary position, a reduced diameter portion of the spool is axially coextensive with the scavenger port, the primary land having become unseated. With the spool in this position as the valve member transits to its second position, fluid in the sump and particulate matter carried thereby are purged from the filter housing. As operation of the filter is continued, a secondary annular land becomes axially coextensive with the scavenger port. This land, as in the case of the primary land, has a diameter and sealing means so that, when it is so axially coextensive with a scavenger port, it precludes flow therethrough. As will be able to be seen then, in view of this disclosure, as the spool is drawn reciprocally by the valve member, purging of the sump will be occasioned only during the transit of the spool as the valve member moves between its primary and secondary positions. During both a static status and full operation of the filter, the scavenger port will be occluded, and purging of fluid therethrough will be precluded. For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same can be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a sectional, side elevational view of the present invention with the disposition of the parts illustrated as during a stactic status; and Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 but illustrating the various components in the positions they occupy during full operation of the filter. Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the several view, the figures illustrate a filter 10 in accordance with the present invention. The filter 10, as shown, employs a generally circularly cylindrical canister housing 12 which encloses the various operational components. While not essential to the operation of the invention, the filter 10 would typically be oriented as shown in the figures. That is, an end of the filter 10 including inlet and outlet ports 14, 16 would be disposed at the top. Further definition of the invention will, therefore, be made with reference to this orientation. The filter housing 12 is further defined by an upper closure wall 18 having the inlet and outlet ports 14, 16 formed therein, and a lower conical wall 20 having a scavenger port 22 formed therein. The scavenger port 22 provided fluid communication between a sump 24 in the lower section of the housing 12 and a conduit 26 leading to a drain (not shown). The upper closure wall 18 of the housing 12 can be integrally formed with a fitting 28, generally disk-like in configuration, which provides passage for fluid to be introduced into the filter 10 and be evacuated therefrom. The disk-like member 28 is shown as including a generally radially extending passage 30 which is in fluid communication with the inlet port 14. The passage 30 is, at its radially outward end (as at 32), internally threaded so that it can be mated with a hose or tube (not shown) providing the source of fluid to be filtered. Similarly, a passage 34 extending radially in an opposite direction is in fluid communication with the outlet port 16. This passage 34 provides fluid flow from the outlet port 16 to a hose or other type of conduit to which the fluid is to be channelled. Again, a radially outward end of the passage (as at 36) can be internally threaded to afford mating facility. An assembly of the upper closure wall 18 of the housing 12 and the disk-like member 28 can be provided with threads 38 so that the assembly can be tightened onto the cylindrical side wall 40 of the housing 12. Corresponding external threads 42 on the outer surface of the cylindrical housing wall 40 would, of course, be provided. An O-ring seal 44 can be received within a recess 46 in the assembly to provide a seal between the side cylindrical wall 40 of the housing 12 and the assembly. A first sleeve 48 is shown as extending downwardly from the upper wall 18 of the housing 12. The first sleeve 48 is shown as being aligned along an axis 50 of the housing 12, and it is in fluid communication with the outlet port 16. The first sleeve 48 is fixed within the housing 12, and therefore, has no axial movement relative to the housing 12. The first sleeve 48 has a narrowed portion 52 which extends immediately from the upper housing wall 18. Additionally, it has an expanded portion 54 which is remote from the housing upper wall 18. Inner and outer shoulders 56, 58 are, thereby, defined. A second sleeve 60 also extends from the upper wall 18 of the housing 12. This sleeve 60 encircles, and is generally concentric with respect to,the first sleeve 48. The second sleeve 60, in the illustrated embodiment with the first sleeve 48, designed as shown and filter cartridge 62 mounted therearound for travel thereover and formed with annular supports 80 at positions as shown, is significantly shorter than the first sleeve 48. This size differential between the sleeves will vary according to the design of valve and its magnitude, as required by the illustrated embodiment, will be made clearer still in description set out hereinafter. The filter cartridge 62 concentrically encircles the first sleeve 48, and a substantially rigid tubular portion 64 of the filter cartridge 62 has an inside diameter substantially the same as the outside diameter of the expanded portion 54 of the first sleeve 48. Consequently, as the filter cartridge 62 reciprocates axially relative to the first sleeve 48 in a fashion as will be discussed hereinafter, the expanded portion 54 of the first sleeve 48 functions as a guide for the cartridge 62. At the same time, the second sleeve 60 also functions as a guide for the filter cartridge 62. In the case of the second sleeve 60, however, support is exerted radially inwardly upon the cartridge 62 by the encircling second sleeve. A piston surface 66 comprises the upper wall 68 of the filter cartridge 62, and the piston surface wall 68 has a central aperture 70 therethrough to accommodate the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48. As will be able to be seen then, in view of this disclosure, the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48 also serves a guiding function for the filter cartridge 62. The piston surface 66 of the upper wall 68 of the cartridge 62 is sized and configured so that it completely occludes the annular space 72 defined between the second sleeve 60 and the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48, when the filter cartridge 62 is received within that annular space 72. Consequently, fluid introduced through the inlet port 14 will be brought to bear upon the piston surface 66 of the filter cartridge 62 and will drive the filter cartridge 62 downwardly. An O-ring seal 74 can be carried within a recess 76 formed in the filter cartridge 62 to ensure a seal between the cartridge 62 and the second sleeve 60 while the cartridge 62 is within the annular space 72. As seen in the figures, the tubular portion 64 of the filter cartridge 62 is provided with a plurality of apertures 78. The apertures 78 are spaced both axially and circumferentially about the member 64. In the preferred embodiment, the cartridge 62 employs a plurality of annular supports 80 which space a filter medium 82 radially outwardly from the tubular member 64. The apertures 78 provided in the member 64 are disposed so that they underlie the filter medium 82. Consequently, fluid flow through the filter cartridge 62 will be accomplished by allowing passage of the fluid through the apertures 78 and the filter medium 82. The filter cartridge 62 is disposed for movement between a primary position, illustrated in Figure 1, and a secondary position, illustrated in Figure 2. In the preferred embodiment, a coil spring 84 is provided to bias the cartridge 62 to the primary position. As seen in the figures, a generally annular spring retainer 86 can be carried by the filter cartridge 62 to engage and retain therein an upper end of the coil spring 84. A similar spring retainer 88 can be fixedly carried at a defined axial location along the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48 to engage an retain therewithin the opposite end of the coil spring 84. A valve element 90 is slideably disposed within the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48 for axial movement relative thereto. The valve element 90, in the preferred embodiment, is sleeve-like in configuration. A diaphragm piston 92 is disposed within the expanded portion 54 of the first sleeve 48 for relative movement therewithin. The diaphragm piston 92 is, in turn, interconnected to the valve member 90 by a post 94 extending axially within the chamber 96 defined by the first sleeve 48. The post 94, as seen in the figures, can be mated to the diaphragm piston 92 by appropriate threading (as at 98), and to the valve member 90 by one or more generally radially extending struts 100. It should be pointed out, however, that, whatever means are employed for mating the post 94 to the valve member 90, axial fluid flow along the post 94 particularly at its axial point of connection to the valve member 90 should not be precluded. This is for a reason as will be pointed out hereinafter. The narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48 includes at least one orifice 102 formed therethrough. Typically, however, a plurality of circumferentially spaced orifices would be provided. In the preferred embodiment, the circumferentially spaced orifices 102 would be at a common axial location along the narrowed portion 52 of the sleeve 48. Figure 1 illustrates the valve member 90 in a primary position thereof. With the valve member 90 in this position, the orifices 102 are occluded to prevent fluid flow therethrough. Figure 2 illustrates the valve member 90 in a secondary position wherein fluid flow through the orifices 102 is unobstructed. A second coil spring 104 is employed for biasing the valve member 90 to its primary position. The primary position is the one the valve member 90 would occupy when fluid is not introduced into the filter 10 through the inlet port 14. One end of this biasing spring 104 (that is, an upper end) can engage a shoulder 106 defined by a constriction in the passage through the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48. The other end can engage a shoulder 108 on the inner surface of the valve member 90 at an axial location at which the struts 100 mate the valve member 90 to the post 94. As shown in the figures, the post 94 can be made to extend downwardly from the diaphragm piston 92 to define a scavenger valve spool 110. The spool 110 includes a primary annular land 112 and a secondary annular land 114. A narrowed diameter portion 116 of the spool 110 is provided between the primary and secondary lands 112, 114. Each land is provided with a diameter such that, when it is axially adjacent the scavenger port 22, it will, in combination with an O-ring seal carried thereby, occlude fluid flow through the scavenger port 22. As the valve element 90 traverses from its primary to its secondary position, however, the spool 110 will be moved so that the primary land 112 will become unseated from the scavenger port 22 and the secondary land will 114 become seated in the scavenger port 22. During the transit, however, the narrowed diameter portion 116 of the spool 110 will be coextensive with the port 22, and fluid flow through the port 22 will be permitted. The figures show the lands 112, 114 as being adjustable axially toward and away from one another. Similarly, the diaphragm piston 92 can be adjusted axially along the post 94. In view of these adjustability features, fine tuning of the filter 10 and its scavenger feature can be effected. As previously discussed, O-ring seals can be employed at various locations as indicated. Additionally, such seals can be included at other interfaces such as the one between the expanded portion 54 of the first sleeve 48 and the filter cartridge 62. Such seals, in fact, can be introduced at any location at which sealing must be effected. Operation When the filter 10 illustrated in the figures is initially installed, fluid can be introduced through the inlet port 14 to flood the filter 10. This will occur as a result of the pressurized fluid driving the filter cartridge piston surface 66 downwardly to a point at which the piston surface 66 has escaped the annular space 72 between the second sleeve 60 and the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48. This is a position as seen in Figure 2. The position of the filter cartridge 62 as seen in Figure 1 is defined as the primary position, and the position of the filter cartridge 62 as illustrated in Figure 2 is defined as the secondary position. As the cartridge 62 moves downwardly and the piston surface 66 thereof moves axially below the distal end 118 of the second sleeve 60, fluid will be permitted to flow radially outwardly through an annular escapement slot 120 which will be defined between the piston surface 66 of the cartridge 62 and the distal end 118 of the second sleeve 60. Fluid will pass downwardly along the filtration medium 82 and fill the sump 24 in the bottom of the filter housing 12. Once the housing sump 24 becomes filled, fluid will pass inwardly through the filtration medium 82 and through the apertures 78 in the tubular portion 64 of the cartridge 62. A chamber 122 defined within the tubular portion 64 then becomes filled, and pressure will increase within the sump 24 to drive the diaphragm piston 92 upwardly until it engages the first sleeve inner shoulder 56. Once the valve member 90 moves axially relative to the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48 to a position at which the orifices 102 become exposed, flow will pass inwardly through the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48 and outwardly through the outlet port 16 in the upper wall 18 of the filter housing 12. When pressure to the filter 10 is discontinued, the housing 12 will remain flooded. During subsequent operations, particulate materials and other contaminants entrained within the fluid will build up on the outer surface of the filtration medium 82 as fluid passes radially inwardly through the medium 82. As will be able to be seen, however, in view of this disclosure, the tubular member 64 of the filtration cartridge 62, in combination with the piston surface wall 68 of the cartridge 62 and the outer shoulder 58 defined by the first sleeve 48, defines chamber 122 contained by those members. When pressure and introduction of fluid through the inlet port 14 have been terminated after a previous operation, the valve member 90 will be in its primary position occluding the orifices 102 in the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48. As fluid is reintroduced into the filter 10 through the inlet port 14, therefore, fluid within this chamber 122 will become compressed as a result of the chamber size being decreased as the filter cartridge 62 moves downwardly. The piston wall 68 of the cartridge 62 approaches the outer shoulder 58 defined by the first sleeve 48, and the net volume of the chamber 122 is reduced. Consequently, the pressure within the chamber 122 will be increased and will have the effect of purging the filter medium 82 of contaminants which have become deposited on the outer surface 124 thereof. As the piston surface 66 is continued to be urged downwardly and the piston surface 66 passes the distal end 118 of the second sleeve 60, the escapement slot 120 becomes existent, and fluid flows radially outwardly therethrough. The flow continues downwardly along the filtration medium surface 124, and scourging of the surface 124 is accomplished. The contaminants, in view of the direction of the flow of the fluid are deposited within the sump 24. The increased pressure in the sump 24 will then drive the diaphragm piston 92 upwardly. The valve member 90 is, commensurately, urged upwardly to expose the orifices 102 in the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48. As this occurs, normal filtration will occur, fluid flowing radially inwardly through the medium 82, through the apertures 78 in the rigid, tubular portion 64 of the filter cartridge 62, through the orifices 102 in the narrowed portion 52 of the first sleeve 48, and outwardly through the outlet port 16. Normal operation will continue as long as pressurized fluid is introduced at the inlet port 14. As each new cycle is initiated, as the valve member 90 is driven upwardly, the primary land 112 will become lifted from its seat at the scavenger port 22. Contaminants in the sump 24 from the immediately previous operation or a number of previous operations will be allowed to pass downwardly through the scavenger port 22 as the reduced diameter portion 116 of the spool 110 passes the port 22. Once the secondary position of the valve member 90 is achieved, the secondary land 114 will engage and seat at the scavenger port 22 so that pressure within the filter 10 can be maintained. As will be able to be seen, in view of this disclosure, purging of contaminants in the sump 24 can also be accomplished during movement of the valve member 90 from its secondary position back to its primary position, when pressurized fluid is terminated, in view of the narrowed diameter portion 116 of the spool 110 passing the scavenger port 22. As previously mentioned, the axial distance between the lands 112, 114 can be varied. Optimum positioning can, thereby, be obtained so that desired pressurization of the fluid system can be maintained.

Claims: A self-cleaning fluid filter (10), comprising: (a) a housing (12) having spaced inlet and outlet ports (14, 16) in a common wall (18) thereof for ingress and egress, respectively, of a pressurized fluid; (b) a first sleeve (48), extending from said common wall (18) along an axis of said housing (12), wherein an interior chamber (96) of said first sleeve (48) is in fluid communication with said outlet port (16), said first sleeve (48) having a narrowed portion (52) proximate said outlet port (16) and an expanded portion (54) remote from said outlet port (16), said narrowed portion (52) of said first sleeve (48) having at least one orifice (102) formed therein; (c) a second sleeve (60), extending from said common wall (18) and generally concentrically encircling a portion of said narrowed portion (52) of said first sleeve (48) to define a generally annular space (72) in fluid communication with said inlet port (14) therebetween, said second sleeve (60) having a distal end (118) spaced axially from said expanded portion (54) of said first sleeve (48); (d) a generally cylindrical filter cartridge (62) encircling said expanded portion (54) of said first sleeve (48), being disposed for telescoping movement, in response to pressurized fluid flow through said inlet port (14), relative to said expanded portion (54) of said first sleeve (48) between a primary position, wherein a piston (68) carried by a first end of said filter cartridge (62) is received within, and occludes, said annular space (72), and a secondary position, wherein said piston (68) is outside said annular space (72) and axially intermediate said distal end (118) of said second sleeve (60) and said at least one orifice (102) formed in said narrowed portion (52) of said first sleeve (48) to enable fluid flow entering the housing (12) through inlet port (14) to pass outside and through the filter cartridge (62), and into the interior chamber (96) of said first sleeve (48) through said at least one orifice (102) whenever said at least one orifice (102) is not occluded; (e) means (84) for normally biasing said filter cartridge (62) to said primary position thereof; (f) a valve member (90) received within said narrowed portion (52) of said first sleeve (48) and disposed for telescoping movement relative thereto between a primary position, wherein said at least one orifice (102) formed in said narrowed portion (52) of said first sleeve (48) is occluded, and a secondary position, spaced axially from said primary position, wherein said at least one orifice (102) formed in said narrowed portion (52) of said first sleeve (48) is /are unobstructed and permits fluid flow therethrough into said interior chamber (96); and (g) means (92, 94, 100), responsive to movement of said filter cartridge (62), for urging said valve member (90) from said primary position thereof of said secondary position thereof as fluid flow is introduced through said inlet port (14) to urge said filter cartridge (62) from said primary position thereof to said secondary position thereof, and for urging said valve member (90) from said secondary position thereof to said primary position thereof as fluid flow through said inlet port (14) is discontinued to allow said filter cartridge biasing means (84) to urge said filter cartridge (62) from said secondary position thereof to said primary position thereof; whereby, when fluid flow through the inlet port (14) is recommenced, displacement of the filter cartridge (62), while said one or more orifices (102) remain(s) occluded, gives rise to a back pressure acting on the filter cartridge (62) and reverse travel therethrough of fluid, thereby to clean the filter cartridge (62) of contaminants entrained therein. A self-cleaning fluid filter (10) in accordance with Claim 1, wherein the filter cartridge (62) is internally delimited by a tubular portion (64) defining an annular chamber (122) between it and the narrowed portion (52) of the first sleeve (48) and apertures (78) are provided in the tubular portion (64) of the filter cartridge (62), whereby when fluid flow through the inlet port (14) is recommenced, orifice (102) occlusion continues, said valve member (90) remains in said primary position and the annular chamber (122) reduces in size as the filter cartridge (62) undergoes telescoping movement relative to the expanded portion (54) of said first sleeve (48) thereby to propel fluid in annular chamber (122) through the openings (78) in tubular portion (64) into the filter cartridge (62) to clean the filter cartridge of contaminants entrained therein. A self-cleaning fluid filter (10) in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, wherein said valve member urging means (104) comprises; (a) a valve piston (92) exposed to pressure from fluid entering said inlet port (14) as said filter cartridge (62) is urged toward its secondary position and said piston carried by said cartridge (62) passes said distal end (118) of said second sleeve (60), received within said expanded portion (54) of said first sleeve (48), said valve piston (92) being operatively connected to said valve member (90) for reciprocating movement relative to first sleeve (48); and (b) biasing means (104) for normally biasing said valve member (90) to said primary position thereof. A self-cleaning filter (10) in accordance with Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said valve member (90) comprises a third sleeve. A self-cleaning filter (10) in accordance with Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein a sump (24) is defined within said housing (12) at an end thereof opposite said common wall (18), and wherein a wall (20) of said housing (12) opposite said common wall (18) has a scavenger port (22) formed therein. A self-cleaning filter (10) in accordance with Claim 5 further comprising a spool valve (110) operatively connected to said valve member (90) for movement through said scavenger port (22), said spool valve (110 having primary and secondary annular lands (112, 114) and a narrowed diameter portion (116) interconnecting said lands (112, 114), said primary and secondary annular lands (112, 114) each precluding flow of fluid from said housing (12) through said scavenger port (22) when said valve member (90) occupies its primary and secondary position, respectively, and said narrowed diameter portion (116) permitting flow of fluid from said housing (12) as said valve member (90) transits between its primary and secondary positions.

Inventors: GERULIS, BENEDICT R.
Applicants: C.I.B., INC.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B01D29
IPC codes: B01D29, B01D35, F01M11, B01D24