Constant wall shaft with reinforced tip

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method of making sporting products such as golf club shafts which is less susceptible to deformation. The shaft is given a constant wall thickness by exercising a three-step method including a first step of rotary-swaging a second step of sink-drawing and a third step of rotary-swaging. The shaft is thereby given constant wall thickness over a substantial length of the shaft.

Description: This invention relates to a method for making improved tubular metallic shafts for golf clubs and other sporting implements. As is commonly known, a golf shaft undergoes a significant stress during a golf swing at the portion of the shaft where the club head is attached. Typically, this portion of the shaft is of the narrowest diameter with respect to the remainder of the shaft since most golf shafts have a tapered configuration. Thus, this portion is especially susceptible to deformation if excessive force is used in hitting a golf ball or, in the alternative, a mis-hit occurs and the club head hits the ground. The most convenient way of eliminating such a problem area on the shaft would be to increase its diameter to a value closer to the diameter of the rest of the shaft. Such a remedy is highly undesirable, however, because the weight distribution and moment of inertia inherent in a narrowing diameter or tapering shaft is necessary for execution of the most effective golf swing. More particularly, a tapered shaft is necessary in order to provide the proper "flex" and "flex point" of the shaft for an effective stroke. Both the "flex" and the "flex point" are determined according to the tapering nature of the shaft. Consequently, various tip configurations have been used to reinforce this segment of the shaft while retaining its narrowing characteristic, the most common perhaps being the incorporation of a reinforcing metal insert. Such an insert, however, adds undesired weight to the shaft and also necessitates some kind of retaining feature to hold it in place. Such a retaining feature may include the use of a retaining pin or a special mechanical joining operation. Methods for making shafts with varying wall thickness are contemplated in the prior art. For example, U.S. Patent No. 2,095,563 to Cowdery discloses a method of making a golf shaft wherein a tip portion has a wall thickness larger than that of the remaining portion of the shaft. However, the increased wall thickness is achieved by an operation which usually fails to give a constant wall thickness along the shank portion of the shaft thus adversely affecting weight distribution. U.S. Patent No. 2,240,456 to Darner and U.S. Patent No. 4,616,500 to Alexoff show methods for providing varying wall thickness on a shaft with a constant outer diameter. U.S. Patent No. 3,292,414 to Goeke shows a method that provides a shaft with a tapered end, the tapered end having internal corrugations for strenghthening. U.S. Patent No. 3,841,130 to Scott, Jr. et al. shows a baseball bat with a tapered, constant-thickness wall. U.S. Patent No. 3 691 625 shows a baseball bat comprising a tapered portion with a gradually increasing wall thickness. OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a method for making a shaft that solves the problems enumerated above. A further object of the invention is to provide a shaft having a reinforced tip portion due to increased wall thickness. A further object of the invention is to provide a shaft having constant wall thickness over at least a tapered shank portion of a shaft. The objects are achieved according to the invention which involves a method of making a shaft, e.g. a golf shaft, comprising the steps of: rotary swaging a first end portion of a metal shaft from a first outer diameter to a second, smaller outer diameter and increased wall thickness, sink drawing a second portion of the metal shaft located adjacent the end portion through at least four draw passes of decreasing die diameter to form a series of steps of progressively increasing outer diameter in a direction away from the end portion, and, rotary swaging the stepped second portion to form a smooth taper on the outer diameter of the shaft, which taper narrows toward the end portion. The invention also contemplates a shaft, e.g. a golf shaft, for sporting implements comprising: a tip section at least a substantial portion of which having a first constant wall thickness, a shank section having a second constant wall thickness, the outer diameter of the tip section being less than that of the shank section, the first constant wall thickness being greater than the second constant wall thickness, the shank section including a smooth peripheral tapered outer diameter which narrows toward the tip section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals designate like elements, and in which: Fig. 1 shows a block diagram including the steps needed to perform the present invention. Figs. 2A-2D shows a shaft during various stages of fabrication. Fig. 3 shows a crossection of a tip portion of a shaft as depicted in Fig. 2D. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention in use as a shaft for a golf club wood. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention in use as a shaft for a golf club iron. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With reference now to the drawings, and especially Fig. 1, the various stages of forming a metal shaft are shown. Initially, a metal shaft 10 is provided which has a substantially constant wall thickness 20 and a substantially constant outer diameter 21 over its entire length (see Fig. 2A). For a shaft made from titanium alloy and intended for use as a golf club shaft, the outer diameter 21 is preferably about 1,5 cm (.5945"), the wall thickness 20 is preferably about 0,5 mm (.0235") and the length is preferably around 107 cm (42 inches). In the first step, the shaft is subjected to a conventional rotary swaging operation so that the wall thickness 22 at one end 12 along a certain length 23, e.g., about 15,2 cm (6 inches), is increased with respect to the wall thickness 20 on the remainder of the shaft (see Fig. 2B). As a result, a tip portion 24 is formed that serves at least two purposes. First, a clamping surface is provided to which a drawing tool can be attached for performing draw passes as discussed below. Second, the shaft now has a portion that is strengthened with respect to the remainder of the shaft due to the increased wall thickness which is highly desirable in certain uses for shafts, e.g. use in a golf club. In the next series of steps of Fig. 1, a drawing tool (not shown) is clamped to the swaged end 24 of the shaft in a conventional manner and sink drawing is performed on a portion 25 of the metal shaft adjacent the swaged portion 24. The sink drawing includes several draw passes and each successive draw uses a draw die having a smaller diameter than that of the draw die used in the immediately preceding draw. The successive draws form a stepped contour on the outer periphery of the metal shaft having steps of increasing outer diameters 26-30 and axial lengths 31-35 as shown in Fig. 2C. The step with the smallest diameter 26 includes that portion 24 of the shaft that was initially swaged The outer diameters 26-30 and, the axial lenghths 31-35 will vary according to desired "flex" and "flex points" for a particular shaft. It should be noted that one draw step can include the simultaneous use of two dies (of different diameter) and thus reduce the number of draws required while yet still providing the desired number of steps. Preferably, for golf club shafts made from titanuim alloy and designed to have a midway "flex point", the outer diameters of each of the steps 26-30 are about 9,5 mm (.375"), 10,6 mm (.420"), 11,6 mm (.460"), 12,8 mm (.507") and 14,0 mm (.552"), respectively, while the axial lengths 31-35 of steps 26-30 are 19 cm (7.50"), 11,4 cm (4.5"), 10,2 cm (4.0"), 12,1 cm (4.75"), and 10,8 cm (4.25"), respectively. The undrawn and unswaged portion 36 of the shaft remains at the original shaft diameter 21. Since the steps are formed through a sink drawing operation, i.e., drawing without an internal mandrel, the wall thickness of the shaft at each step portion 26-30 remains substantially the same as it was before drawing (wall thickness remains substantially the same in the undrawn portion 36 as well). The drawing operation will, however, slightly increase the length of the shaft beyond its initial length due to the cold flow of the metal. After all of the drawing steps are completed, the metal shaft is again subjected to a conventional rotary swaging operation, this time performed on the stepped portion 25 of the shaft to remove the steps 26-30 created in the sink drawing operation and thus form a smooth taper 37 over that length of the shaft as shown in Fig. 2D. The swaging operation also serves to blend the taper 37 with the end of the shaft 24 that was rotary swaged in the first step. The rotary swaging operation may require two or three passes and generally will be performed using long swaging dies as are known in the art. For a titanium alloy shaft, the length of the taper 38 is preferably around 65,5 cm (25.8") which would require two or three swaging operations using conventional 30,5-38,1 cm (12"-15") swaging dies. After rotary swaging the steps, the segment of the tip portion 24 of the shaft that has served as a clamping surface for the drawing tool is cut-off. The forces exerted on the metal on that segment will have caused scuffing and pitting thus rendering an unusable surface. It should be noted that only that segment effected by the clamped tool is removed and not the entire tip portion. Thus, a swaged portion 24 of increased wall thickness 22 remains at the end of the shaft. The shaft resulting from this method thus has a wall of substantially constant thickness 39 along length 40 of the shaft. Preferably, for a golf club shaft of titanium alloy, this thickness is about 0,5 mm (.023") over a length of about 96,3 cm (37.9"). For the remaining end portion 41 of the shaft as seen in Fig. 2D, the thickness 22 remains substantially greater than the thickness of the rest of the shaft, this being due to the initial swaging operation. The length 41 of this portion of increased thickness 24 is preferably about 17,8 cm (7"). This thickness 22 is constant along a substantial portion of length 41 and is preferably about 0,1 mm (.040") maximum. As a result, the end product is a shaft having a wall of constant thickness over a substantial length of the shaft and a wall of increased thickness at the tip of the shaft where a golf club head is attached. Accordingly, no further reinforcement, for example, by a reinforcing insert, is necessary. It should be noted that as a final step, the shaft may undergo a heat treatment process wherein one of the results is a growth in the outer diameter of the shaft. In a golf shaft of titanium alloy wherein the outer diameter was initially 1,51 cm (.5945"), the outer diameter after heat treatment will have increased to about 1,52 cm (.600") which is the industry standard for golf shafts. The metal that is particularly suited for this method of making a golf shaft is seamless titanium or titanium alloy (e.g., Ti-3Al-2.5V) tubing although other metal alloys are also acceptable. Welded tubing is not recommended since the weld could crack during swaging. This method is particularly adapted for making club irons or club woods as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The golf club includes a handle portion 50 or 50', a shank portion 51 or 51' and a striking portion 52 or 52' (wood or iron, respectively). The handle portion 50 or 50' includes a wrapping 54 or 54' for easier gripping. The handle portion 50 or 50' and shank portion 51 or 51' is formed of the shaft formed as in Fig. 2D with the shank portion 51 or 51' being connected to the appropriate striking portion 52 or 52' by an epoxy resin as is known in the art. For making woods, it is preferable to use five draw steps while for making irons it is preferable to use four draw steps. The additional draw step for making woods is necessary since woods typically require a smaller tip diameter than do irons. To aid in the final swaging operation that forms the smooth taper, it is encouraged that as many draws are performed as possible.

Claims: A method of making a shaft for sporting implements which comprises the steps of: rotary swaging a first end portion (24) of a metal shaft from a first outer diameter to a second, smaller outer diameter and increased wall thickness (22), sink drawing a second portion of said metal shaft located adjacent said end portion through at least four draw passes of decreasing die diameter to form a series of steps of progressively increasing outer diameter (26-30) in a direction away from said end portion, and, rotary swaging said stepped second portion to form a smooth taper (37) on said outer diameter of said shaft, which taper narrows toward said end portion. A method of making a shaft for sporting implements according to claim 1, wherein said rotary swaging of said first end portion is performed on a metal shaft comprised of seamless titanium alloy tubing. A method of making a shaft according to claim 1, wherein said sink drawing of said metal shaft comprises four draws. A method of making a shaft according to claim 1, wherein said sink drawing of said metal shaft comprises five draws. The method of claim 1 for making a shaft when used to make the shaft of a golf club, further comprising fixedly attaching a golf head (52, 52') to the end portion (24) of the shaft. A golf club having a handle portion (50, 50'), a shank portion (51, 51') and a striking portion (52, 52'), characterized in that the handle and shank portions are made of a metal shaft comprising a tip section (24), at least a substantial portion of which having a first constant wall thickness (22), a shank section (36, 37) having a second constant wall thickness (39), whereby the outer diameter of said tip section is less than that of said shank section, said first constant wall thickness (22) is greater than said second constant wall thickness (39), and said shank section (36, 37) includes a smooth peripheral tapered outer diameter (38) which narrows toward said tip section. A golf club according to claim 6, characterized in that said metal shaft is seamless titanium alloy tubing.

Inventors: MEREDITH STEVEN E, MEREDITH, STEVEN E.
Applicants: SANDVIK SPECIAL METALS, SANDVIK SPECIAL METALS CORP.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B21C37
IPC codes: B21C37, B21K17, A63B53