Ceramic-metal joined composite bodies

Abstract: A ceramic-metal composite body comprises a ceramic member (1) having a projection (2) and a metallic member (3) having a recess (4) formed therein. The projection (1) of the ceramic member is fitted into the recess of the metallic member, and a corner (5) of a bottom of the recess has a rounded dimension such that R/D≧0.04 in which R is the rounded dimension of the corner (5) of the bottom of the recess and D is the outer diameter of the projection.

Description: The present invention relates to ceramic-metal joined composite bodies. As illustrated in JP-A-58-223 675 discloses the features of the first part of present claim 1. JP-A-58-223,675 and JP-A-61-226,501 conventional ceramic-metal joined composite bodies are each constituted by providing a projection on a ceramic member, and fixing the projection to a recess formed in a metallic member through fitting such as press fitting, shrinkage fitting, or expansion fitting, or brazing. In many of them, a corner of a bottom of the recess of the metallic member is shaped substantially at right angles or tapered (see EP-A-139 406). Further, even when the bottom corner is rounded, as in JP-A-58-223 675, its shape is not specified. However, since conspicuous stress concentration occurs at the bottom corner of the recess of the metallic member due to fitted forces in the case of the conventional ceramic-metal joined composite bodies, cracks occur at the corner of the recess bottom of the metallic member owing to bending fatigue under rotation, which sometimes leads to fracture of the joined composite bodies. Thus, with the conventional joined composite bodies high reliability could not be obtained. EP-A-161 081 is an example where a hollow ceramic projection of tapering outer shape is fitted into a recess of a metal shaft. The bottom of the recess is pierced. It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide ceramic-metal joined composite bodies having high reliability, which can easily be produced. The present invention is set out in claim 1. In the invention, the limitation of the ratio R/D is intended to mean both that the axial section of the corner of the bottom of the metallic member exhibits an arc having a given radius of curvature and that it involves all shapes exhibiting not a complete arc but shapes substantially approximate thereto. In the construction of the invention, the stress concentration occurring at the corner of the bottom of the recess of the metallic member is reduced by setting the rounded dimension R of the bottom corner of the recess at not less than 0.04 times the outer diameter D of the projection of the ceramic member. Consequently, the bending fatigue resistance under rotation of the joined composite body can be enhanced to effectively prevent the fracture of the joined composite body. Since only a poor effect can be obtained when R of the bottom corner of the recess falls in R/D<0.04, R/D needs to be not less than 0.04. For a better understanding of the invention, reference is made to embodiments illustrated in the attached drawings, wherein: Figs. 1 and Fig. 2 are partially sectional views of ceramic-metal joined composite bodies. Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical view illustrating an embodiment of the ceramic-metal joined composite body according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a projection 2 is provided on a ceramic member 1, and the projection 2 is fitted into a recess 4 of a metallic member 3. As shown in Fig. 1, the recess 4 may be formed in an intermediate member which is joined to an end of the metallic member 3. The projection has a frusto-conical end portion. As a fitting method, conventionally known press fitting, shrinkage fitting, expansion fitting or a combination thereof can favorably be used. As shown in Fig. 1, the shape of the corner 5 of the bottom of the recess 4 is rounded, the radius of curvature, R, being not less than 0.04 times the outer diameter D of the projection. Although any ceramic material and any metallic material may be used, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and sialon are preferred as the ceramic materials, and precipitation hardenable alloys such as Incoloy (tradename), heat-resisting alloys, etc. are preferred as the metallic materials. In general, the greater the R value, the more excellent stress-mitigating effect. The effect is the greatest in the case of R/D=0.5. However, as R/D approaches 0.5, rounding of the bottom corner of the recess becomes more difficult. Depending upon the method of working, the smaller the R, the easier the working. The R and D values are generally controlled during cutting. For example, the recess is formed in the metallic member as follows: First, a hole is formed in a metallic member at a given depth by means of a drill having the outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the intended recess. The shape of the bottom of the thus formed hole is a V shape. If the metallic member is hard or the inner diameter of the recess is large to make it bore a final hole difficult, a small hole is first formed by a drill having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the recess by a few millimeters, and then the hole is worked to the intended inner diameter by a cutting tool. Next the inner peripheral surface and the bottom surface of the hole are ground by using a #120 WA grinding tool with a tip having an outer peripheral portion of an intended R-shape, thereby forming the R at the corner of the bottom. When R/D is 0.5 (as in same cases in Table I below), the grinding is effected by a ball end mill. To appropriately decide how much R/D is depends upon various factors in designing and economy. When the outer diameter of the projection is up to about 15 mm, R/D is 0.04 to 0.20. As the R/D increases, the time required for boring the hole in the metallic member generally becomes longer. Preferably R/D ≧ 0.1. In the following, actual examples of the present invention will be explained. Example 1: Each of ceramic-metal joined composite bodies partially sectionally shown in Fig. 1 was prepared, in which a projection 2 of the ceramic member 1 made of Si 3 N 4 was joined to a recess 4 of an intermediate member made of an Fe-Ni alloy. The intermediate member was friction pressure welded to an end of a metallic member 3 made of SNCM 439. The outer diameter of the projections and the inner diameter of the recesses were varied as shown in Table 1. In the above joined composite bodies, the radius of curvature R, at the corner of the bottom 5 of the recess 4 was varied while the width of a frusto-conical end portion of the projection of the ceramic member, "ℓ", was kept constant. Bending fatigue tests were carried out at 9,000 rpm while a load was applied to a portion A in Fig. 1 to give a moment of 0.8 kgm. Results are shown in Table 1. Outer diameter of projection D Intermediate member Results inner diameter outer diameter R/D 8 7.95 11.4 0.03 Metallic member was factured from the corner of the bottom of the recess at 7.8×10 5 cycles. " " " 0.04 No abnormality was observed at 1.0×10 7 cycles. " " " 0.06 " " " " 0.08 " " " " 0.2 " " " " 0.3 " " " " 0.5 " 10 9.93 14.3 0.03 Metallic member was factured from the corner of the bottom of the recess at 1.8×10 6 cycles. " " " 0.04 No abonormality was observed at 1.0×10 7 cycles. " " " 0.07 " " " " 0.10 " " " " 0.2 " " " " 0.3 " " " " 0.5 " 12 11.92 17.2 0.03 Metallic member was factured form the corner of the bottom of the recess at 2.6×10 6 cycles. " " " 0.04 No abnormality was observed at 1.0×10 7 cycles. " " " 0.06 " " " " 0.10 " " " " 0.2 " " " " 0.3 " " " " 0.5 " 14 13.91 20.0 0.03 Metallic member was factured from the corner of the bottom of the recess at 2.3×10 6 cycles. " " " 0.04 No abnormality was observed at 1.0×10 7 cycles. " " " 0.05 " " " " 0.07 " " " " 0.10 " " " " 0.2 " " " " 0.3 " " " " 0.5 " It is seen from the results in Table 1 that excellent effects can be obtained when the rounded dimension R of the corner of the bottom of the recess of the metallic member falls in R/D≧0.04. The time required for boring the hole was 6 minutes when R/D-0.05, and 10 minutes when R/D=0.5. That is, as R/D increases, the boring time becomes longer. Example 2: A ceramic turbocharger rotor 11 partially sectionally shown in Fig. 2 was prepared, in which a projection 12 of the ceramic rotor 11 made of Si 3 N 4 was joined to a recess provided in an intermediate member 14 made of an Fe-Ni alloy. The intermediate member 14 was friction pressure welded to one end of a metallic shaft 13 made of SNCM 439. In Example 2, the 10 mm outer diameter projection 12 of the ceramic rotor 11 was press fitted to the recess of the intermediate member 14. The inner and outer diameters of the recess before the press fitting were 9.93 mm and 14.9 mm, respectively. R/D was set at 0.05. After the press fitting, the joined composite body was thermally treated. The ceramic turbocharger rotor was assembled to a high temperature rotary tester, and was rotated at a circumferential speed of 500 m/sec in combustion gases at 900°C for 100 hours. As a result, no abnormality was observed. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and various modifications, variations and changes of the same could be made. For instance, although only the ceramic turbocharger rotors were illustrated in the above examples, it goes without saying that the present invention is favorably applicable to rotary members such as gas turbine rotors. As is clear from the foregoing explanation, according to the present invention, the bending fatigue resistance under rotation of the ceramic-metal joined composite body can be enhanced by setting the R of the corner of the bottom of the recess of the metallic member in the range at not less than 0.04 to 0.20 times the outer diameter D of the projection of the ceramic member. Thereby, the fracture of the joined composite body can effectively be prevented. Thus, the ceramic-metal joined composite bodies having high reliability can be obtained.

Claims: A ceramic-metal joined composite body comprising a ceramic member (1) having a projection (2) formed thereon and a metallic member (3) having a recess (4) formed therein, the projection (2) being fitted into the recess (4) by a fitting method which causes stress in the regions at which the outer surface of the projection (2) contacts the recess of the metallic member, the projection (2) being of solid cylindrical shape of diameter D over its length where its peripheral outer surface contacts the side of the recess of the metallic member, and the corner of the bottom of the recess of the metallic member being rounded where the bottom of the recess joins the side of the recess, characterised in that the bottom of said recess is unpierced, the diameter of the projection (2) is not more than 15 mm and R/D is in the range 0.04 to 0.20 wherein R is the radius of the corner (5) of the bottom of the recess (4) where the bottom of the recess (4) joins the side of the recess. A body according to claim 1 wherein the projection (2) is fitted in the recess (4) by any one of press fitting, shrinkage fitting or expansion fitting. A body according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the projection (2) contacts the bottom of the recess (4). A body according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the projection (2) has a frusto-conical tip portion of length 1. A body according to any one of claims 1 to 4 which comprises a rotary shaft for turbocharger rotor or a gas turbine rotor. A rotor comprising a body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

Inventors: KATO KOJI, KAWASE HIROYUKI, KATO, KOJI, KAWASE, HIROYUKI
Applicants: NGK INSULATORS LTD, NGK INSULATORS, LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: F01D5
IPC codes: F16B4, F16B11, F02B39, B23P11, C04B37, F16D1, F01D5, F16B1, B23K20