Information transmission system with record/reproducing device

Abstract: There is disclosed an information transmission system provided with: a record/reproducing unit for recording compressed information obtained by compressing digital information with highly efficient encoding, on a recording medium, and reproducing the information from the recording medium; a transmitting unit for transmitting the compressed information, reproduced by the record/reproducing unit, to a transmission channel; and a receiving unit for receiving the compressed information from the transmission channel and expanding the amount of the received compressed information to reproduce the original digital information.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an information transmission system and more particularly to an information transmission system with record/reproducing device. Related Background Art There are already known a digital video tape recorder for recording and reproducing digital video signals, and a system for transmitting and receiving digital video signals. Consequently a system for recording video signal in a digital video tape recorder and transmitting the reproduced video signal after encoding can be realized by the combination of known technologies, as shown in Fig. 1. Analog video signal supplied to an input terminal 1 is entered into a video tape recorder 2. Analog video signal released therefrom is supplied to an encoder (transmitter) 3 for encoding and band compression. The output of the encoder 3 is supplied through a transmission channel 30 to a decoder 4 constituting a receiver, for signal expansion and D/A conversion. Thus the original analog video signal is obtained at an output terminal 5. In the video tape recorder 2, there are provided an A/D converter 12, a band compression circuit 14, an electromagnetic converting unit 16, an expansion circuit 22 for effecting an expansion inverse to the process of the band compression circuit 22, and a D/A converter 24. In the encoder 3 there are provided an A/D converter 32, and a band compression circuit 34 for transmission. In the decoder 4 there are provided an expansion circuit 42 for effecting an expansion inverse to the process conducted in the band compression circuit 34, and a D/A converter 44. As an application of the above-mentioned signal transmission system, there can be conceived a system in which plural receivers with decoders can receive desired programs from plural transmitting video tape recorders (image sources) through an exchange. In such system, the transmitting side has conventionally been composed of plural transmitters, each composed of the video tape recorder 2 and the encoder 3, and the outputs of said transmitters have been connected to said exchange. However, in the above-explained system, an A/D conversion, and signal compression and expansion are conducted in the video tape recorder, and also in front of and behind the transmission channel 30. Such repeated processes head to a complication in the structure, thus resulting in a longer time in assembly, a lowered reliability, an elevated cost, a larger weight and a difficulty in compactization. These drawbacks become more marked when plural transmitters and plural receivers are connected through the exchange, as there is required a group of many equipment. Fig. 2 shows a similar system, in which the input and output of the video tape recorder, the input of the encoder and the output of the decoder are digital video signals, and in which a function of error correction in the codes is further added. In Fig. 2, digital video signal is subjected to a band compression in a band compression circuit 14, and is supplied to an error correction code (ECC) adding circuit 16, which adds an error correction code for detecting and correcting errors resulting in the recording and reproduction. The output of the ECC adding circuit 16 is supplied to an error correction circuit 26 through an electromagnetic conversion unit 10 consisting of magnetic heads and a magnetic recording medium. Said error correction circuit 26 corrects the errors caused in the recording and reproduction in the electromagnetic conversion unit, utilizing the error correction code added in the ECC adding circuit 16. If correction is not possible, the error correction circuit 26 releases an interpolation flag signal 27. An expansion circuit 22 applies, to the output of the error correction circuit 26, an expansion inverse to the band compression in the band compression circuit 14, and an interpolation circuit 28 effects interpolation on the data for which correction is not possible, according to the interpolation flag 27 set by the error correction circuit 26. The circuits 14 to 28 correspond to a digital video tape recorder 2, and the output of the interpolation circuit 28 is digital video signal. The output of the interpolation circuit 28 is supplied to a band compression circuit 34 for transmission and band compressed therein. Then the error correction code for transmission is added in an ECC adding circuit 36. The band compression circuit 34 and the ECC adding circuit 36 correspond to the encoder 3. The output data of the ECC adding circuit 36 are supplied, through a transmission channel 30, to an error correction circuit 46 of the receiving side, which corrects the error in the transmission according to the error correction code added by the ECC adding circuit 36. If the error is uncorrectable, the error correction circuit 46 releases an interpolation flag signal 47. An expansion circuit 42 applies, to the output of the error correction circuit 46, an expansion corresponding to the band compression in the band compression circuit 34, and an interpolation circuit 48 effects an interpolation on the uncorrectable data, according to the interpolation flag signal 47 from the error correction circuit 46. The circuits 46 to 48 correspond to the decoder 4, and the output of the interpolation circuit 48 is digital video signal. In addition to the drawbacks associated with the system shown in Fig. 1, the system shown in Fig. 2 has a drawbacks of requiring two interpolation circuits 28, 48, as the interpolations for the errors in the electromagnetic conversion unit 10 and in the transmission channel 30 are conducted separately. Also, for interpolation in the interpolation circuit 28, the compressed data are expanded in the expansion circuit 22, and are again compressed in the band compression circuit 34 for data transmission. Therefore the system of Fig. 2 is difficult to compactize as efficient utilization of circuits is not at all intended. Also the repeated compressions and expansions of the video signal may result in deterioration of image quality. Possibility of such deterioration in image quality is high if the band compression method for recording is different from that for transmission, for example if a sub-sampling is conducted by field offset method while the other is conducted by line offset method, or if the quantizers for differential quantization have different set values. Fig. 3 shows a similar system in which band compression associated with high-efficiency encoding is not conducted. Such system is adapted for use as an audio processing circuit in a system provided with a video processing circuit and an audio processing circuit. In the system shown in Fig. 3, analog audio signal supplied to a terminal 1 is digitized in an A/D converter 12, and an error correction signal for correcting the error in the recording and reproduction is added by an error correction code adding circuit 16. Then said signal is modulated in a modulating circuit 18 and is recorded on a recording medium T such as a video tape, by means of a magnetic head H R (a rotary magnetic head in case of video tape recorder. Another magnetic head H P (magnetic head H R may also be used for this purpose) reproduces the magnetic signal on the recording medium T, and said signal is demodulated by a demodulating circuit 29. An error correction circuit 26 corrects the error in the recording and reproduction, by the error correction code added by the error correction code adding circuit 16. In the transmission of thus reproduced signal, an error correction code adding circuit 36 adds, to the output of the error correction circuit 26, an error correction code for correction the error in the transmission, and a modulating circuit 38 effects modulation for transmission, for supply to the transmission channel 30. A demodulating circuit 49 receives and demodulates the data transmitted through the channel 30, and an error correction circuit 48 corrects the error in transmission, by the error correction code added by the error correction code adding circuit 36. A D/A converter 44 converts the output digital signal of the error correction circuit 46 into analog signal. Also in such system, the error corrections conducted in two stages increase the magnitude of circuitry and the cost of the system. US-A-3 836 957 describes a data storage system for a computer wherein error detection and correction is performed in a stage between the CPU and the memory. If more errors occur than can be corrected by the error correction code a flag is set and transmitted, together with the data retrieved from memory, indicating the CPU that the data are erroneous and that processing has to be immediately stopped. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve drawbacks mentioned above. Another object of the present invention is, in a system for transmitting the output of a record/reproducing apparatus, to compactize the magnitude of circuitry and to reduce the cost. Still another object of the present invention is, in a system for transmitting the output of an apparatus for recording and reproducing compressed information, to prevent deterioration of said information and to reduce the magnitude of the circuits. For attaining the above-mentioned objects, there is proposed, as an embodiment of the present invention, a system described in claim 1. Still another object of the present invention is, in a system for transmitting the output of an apparatus for recording and reproducing information with added error correction code, to reduce the magnitude of the circuits. For attaining the above-mentioned object, there is proposed a system described in the claim as another embodiment of the present invention. Also proposed are systems described in the claims as other embodiments. Still other objects of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, will become fully apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a system for transmitting the output of a record/reproducing apparatus to a transmission channel; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of another system similar to that shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a block diagram of still another system similar to that shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a system embodying the present invention; Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an application of the system shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the system of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of the system of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of the system of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of the system of the present invention; and Fig. 10 is a block diagram of an application of the system shown in Fig. 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Now the present invention will be clarified in detail by embodiments thereof shown in the attached drawings. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. Analog video signal entered from an input terminal 1 is supplied to an encoder 103 for A/D conversion and band compression. The compressed output data of the encoder 103 are supplied to a digital data recorder (DDR) 10 having an electromagnetic conversion unit and are recorded on a recording medium such as a magnetic tape. Data reproduced in the DDR 10 are transmitted, through a switch 56, to a transmission channel 30. The output of the encoder 103 can be transmitted in real time to the transmission channel 30 by placing the switch 56 at a contact b. The data transmitted through the transmission channel 30 are entered into a decoder 104 for effecting a process inverse to that of the encoder 103 to obtain the original band width. Thus analog video signal is obtained at an output terminal 5. In the encoder 103 there are provided an A/D converter 12 and a band compression circuit 52. In the decoder 104 there are provided an expansion circuit 54 for effecting an expansion process inverse to the process of the band compression circuit 52, and a D/A converter 44. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an application, based on the system shown in Fig. 4, in which plural receivers can make access to plural image sources through an exchange. There are shown an input terminal 1 for analog signal; an encoder 103 composed of an A/D converter 12 and a band compression circuit 52; digital data recorders 10-l - 10-i; a signal line 60 bypassing the digital data recorders; switches 58-l - 58-(i+1) for supplying the output of the encoder 103 to the digital data recorders 10-l - 10-i and the signal line 60; an exchange switch 61 having an exchange function; transmission channels 30-l - 30-j; and decoders 104-l - 104-j each having an expansion circuit 54 and a D/A converter 44. In the structure shown in Fig. 5, the compressed data obtained by A/D conversion and data compression in the encoder 103 are recorded in desired one of the digital data recorders 10-l - 10-i or directly supplied to the exchange switch 61 through the signal line 60 by means of the switches 58-l - 58-(i+1). The receivers having the decoders 104-l - 104-j make access to digital data recorders 10-l - 10-i having desired program or data through the transmission channels 30-l - 30-j and the exchange switch 61 to receive said data. Said data are expanded by the expansion circuit 54 and converted into analog signal by the D/A converter 44 to provide analog video signal. The recording medium of the digital data recorders can be composed of magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, magnetooptical disk etc. As will be easily understood from the foregoing, the systems shown in Figs. 4 and 5 avoid repetition of band compression and expansion in the signal transmission and simplify the structure, thereby facilitating the assembly of circuit, and improving the reliability. Also there can be realized cost reduction, weight reduction and compactization. Fig. 6 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, wherein same components as those in Figs. 2 and 4 are represented by same numbers. The band compression circuit 52 is same as that shown in Fig. 4, and the ECC adding circuit 16 and the electromagnetic conversion unit 10 are same those shown in Fig. 2. The output of the electromagnetic conversion unit 10 is supplied to an error correction circuit 64, which corrects the error in the recording and reproduction in the electromagnetic conversion unit according to the error correction code added in the ECC adding circuit 16, or releases an interpolation flag signal 65 for uncorrectable data. An addition circuit 66 adds an interpolation flag signal 65 for example behind every data of a predetermined amount released from the error correction circuit 64. The ECC adding circuit 36 adds an error correction code to the data from the addition circuit 66 and sends said data to the transmission channel 30. In the receiving side, the data transmitted through the transmission channel is supplied to an error correction circuit 70, which corrects the error in transmission utilizing the error correction code added in the ECC adding circuit 36. The error correction circuit 70 generates an interpolation signal 71 corresponding to the interpolation flag signal 65, and another interpolation flag signal for uncorrectable data. Said interpolation flag signals 71, 72 are supplied to an addition circuit 73, which functions logically as an OR circuit, and, if either of said interpolation flag signals 71, 72 indicates the necessity of interpolation, sends said flag signal to an interpolation circuit 74. The expansion circuit 54 applies, to the output data of the error correction circuit 70, an expansion process corresponding to the band compression in the band compression circuit 52. The interpolation circuit 74 effects an interpolation on the output of the expansion circuit 54, according to the output of the addition circuit 73. Since the error rate in the transmission change 30 is usually very small, the interpolation flag signal from the error correction circuit 64 scarcely generates an error in the transmission through the channel 30, so that the deterioration of image quality resulting from such error is negligible. As will be apparent from the foregoing description, the system shown in Fig. 6 requires only one interpolation, band compression and expansion. It is consequently possible to compactize the entire system and to reduce the weight thereof. Fig. 7 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein analog video signal is supplied to an input terminal 1 and is digitized in an A/D converter 12. A band compression circuit 52 compresses the output data (digital video signal) of the A/D converter 12 by sub-sampling, differential encoding etc. to reduce the quantity of data. An error correction code adding circuit 16 adds an error correction code to the output data of the band compression circuit 52. Then a modulating circuit 18 effects digital modulation for example by scramble NRZ method, and the output thereof is recorded by a magnetic head H R on a magnetic tape T. The signal recorded on the magnetic tape T is reproduced by a magnetic head H P , and is demodulated by a demodulating circuit 29. An error correction circuit 26 effects error correction according to the error correction code added in the error correction code adding circuit 16 to provide compressed video signal. In a simple combined system, the output of the error correction circuit 26 is expanded by an expansion circuit, but, in the present embodiment, the output of the error correction circuit 26 is directly supplied to an interpolation circuit 80 for effecting interpolation on the data that have not been corrected in said error correction circuit 26. The interpolation circuit 80 provides necessary data by intra- or interframe interpolation. The interpolation to compressed signal is not necessarily easy for certain compression methods, but some interpolations are quite easy such as line interpolation for differential digitized signal, and there can be selected suitable combination of a compression and an interpolation. The output of the interpolation circuit 80 is supplied then to a processing system for transmission. Thus an error correction code adding circuit 36 adds an error correction code for transmission, and a modulating circuit 38 executes modulation for transmission. Thus the output of the modulating circuit 38 is transmitted to the transmission channel 30, composed for example of an optical fiber or a communication satellite. The signal transmitted by the transmission channel 30 is demodulated by a demodulating circuit 49 of the receiving side, and an error correction circuit 46 effects error correction utilizing the error correction code added by the error correction code adding circuit 36. Then an expansion circuit 54 effects an expansion process corresponding to the process of the band compression circuit 52, thereby obtaining digital video signal. An interpolation circuit 80 executes interpolation on a part not corrected by the error correction code from the error correction code adding circuit 36. A D/A converter 44 converts the output data of the interpolation circuit 82 to analog signal, which is released from an output terminal 5. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the signal reproduced from a magnetic tape T constituting the recording medium is subjected, without expansion, to interpolation in the interpolation circuit 80, then added with the error correction code for transmission and is sent to the transmission channel 30. Thus the signal is transferred in the compressed state from the record/reproducing system to the transmission channel, so that the image quality deterioration resulting from repeated compressions and expansions can be prevented. Fig. 8 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein same components as those in Fig. 7 are represented by same numbers. In the present embodiment, in the transmitting side, the record/reproducing system of the matnetic tape T can be bypassed by a bypass 84 and a selector which 86. In the receiving side, the output of the error correction circuit 46 is supplied to an interpolation circuit 88 for effecting at first the interpolation of the uncorrectable data, and the output thereof is supplied either to a record/reproducing system 100 or a bypass 101, selected by a switch 95. The output thereof is supplied to the expansion circuit 54 for effecting expansion corresponding to the band compression in the band compression circuit 52. The record/reproducing system 100 is composed of an error correction code adding circuit 90; a modulating circuit 91; a recording head H R '; a magnetic tape T'; a reproducing head H P '; a demodulating circuit 92; an error correction circuit 93; and an interpolation circuit 94, and functions in the same manner as the record/reproducing system of the transmitting side. That is, in case that a transceiver circuit which has both function of the transmitting and receiving sides shown in the figures is employed, one record/reproducing system can be used for such systems of transmitting and receiving sides. If the switch 86 is positioned at the contact a in the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, the function is same as that of the transmitting side of the embodiment shown in Fig. 7. If said switch 86 is positioned at the contact b, the signal from the input terminal 1 is transmitted, on real-time basis, to the transmission channel 30. On the other hand, in the receiving side, at first the interpolation circuit 88 effects interpolation on the data that have been uncorrectable in the error correction circuit 46. If the switch 95 is positioned at the contact b, the output of the interpolation circuit 88 is expanded in the expansion circuit 54 and is converted into analog signal by the D/A converter 44. If the switch 95 is positioned at the contact a, the output of the interpolation circuit 88 is once recorded on the magnetic tape T'. Such interpolation on the compressed video signal avoids the repetition of the compression and expansion even when the received signal is once recorded on the recording medium. The embodiment shown in Fig. 8 allows four modes of use by the combinations of the switches 86 and 95. In Figs. 7 and 8 there is employed each one unit of the magnetic heads H R , H P , H R ' and H P ', but there may be employed plural units for each, or the recording head and the reproducing head may be combined. Also there may be employed rotary heads as in the video tape recorder. Furthermore, the magnetic tape may be replaced by a magnetic disk or an optical disk. As will be easily understandable from the foregoing explanation, the systems shown in Figs. 7 and 8, being free from repetition of signal compression and expansion at the record/reproducing and transmission of the data, enables simplification of the system structure, cost reduction, simplification and lower power consumption, and prevents unnecessary deterioration in the signal quality. Fig. 9 is a block diagram of still another embodiment of the system of the present invention for record/reproduction and transmission of information signal, wherein shown are an A/D converter 12; an error correction code adding circuit 108 for adding code of a higher correcting ability than that of the error correction code used for correcting transmission error, such as a DEC code for correcting two vertical directions and SEC/DED code for correcting one horizontal direction (one correction/two detections); a modulating circuit 18 for recording on a recording medium; a recording magnetic head H P ; a recording medium T such as a video tape or a magnetic disk; a reproducing magnetic head H P ; a demodulating circuit 29 corresponding to the modulating circuit 18; a modulating circuit 38 for transmission; a transmission channel 30; a demodulating circuit 49 corresponding to the modulating circuit 38; an error correction circuit 109 for effecting error correction according to the error correction code added by an error correction code adding circuit 108; and a D/A converter 44. The embodiment shown in Fig. 9 functions in the following manner. The A/D converter 12 digitizes analog audio signal, and the error correction code adding circuit 108 adds an error correction code capable of correcting the error in the transmission in the transmission channel 30. The data with thus added error correction code are recorded on the recording medium T through the modulating circuit 18 and the magnetic head H R , and the reproduced output of the magnetic head H P is demodulated in the demodulating circuit 29, of which output corresponds to the output of the error correction code adding circuit 108 unless there is an error in the recording and reproduction. The modulating circuit 38 modulates the output of the demodulating circuit 29, and sends the obtained output to the transmission channel 30. The transmitted data are demodulated by the demodulating circuit 49. The data are then corrected in the error correction circuit 109, based on the error correction code added by the error correction code adding circuit 108, and are converted into analog signal by the D/A converter 44. The error rate at the stage of input to the error correction circuit 109 is estimated to be higher than that in the simple combined system, but the errors can be sufficiently corrected by the use of an error correction code of a high redundancy and a high error correcting ability in the error correction code adding circuit 108. Fig. 10 shows an embodiment in which the system shown in Fig. 9 is applied to a system for simultaneously transmitting audio and video signals, wherein same components as those in Figs. 3 and 9 are represented by same numbers, and will not be explained in detail. Input video signal Vin and input audio signal Ain are respectively supplied to input terminals 1-V, 1-A. The video signal is digitized in an A/D converter 12-V, then subjected to band compression, such as sub-sampling for reducing the number of pixels or encoding for reducing the number of bits for each pixel, in a band compression circuit 52-V, and supplied to an error correction code adding circuit 16-V. The video signal is given an error correction code for record/reproduction by an error correction code adding circuit 16-V, and the audio signal is given an error correction code for record/reproduction and transmission by an error correction code adding circuit 108-A. A time-divided multiplex circuit 110 effects time-divided multiplexing of the video and audio signal obtained from said adding circuits 16-V, 108-A, and the obtained multiplex signal is recorded on a recording medium T through a succeeding modulating circuit 18. Signal reproduced from the recording medium T is demodulated in a demodulating circuit 49, then separated into the video signal and the audio signal in a data separation circuit 112, and the video signal lone is subjected to the addition of error correction codes for the error in the record/reproduction and that in the transmission, in circuits 26-V, 36-V. Said signals are then again subjected to time-divided multiplexing in a time-divided multiplex circuit 114, and are sent to the transmission channel 30 through a modulating circuit 38. The signal transmitted through the transmission channel 30 is demodulated in a demodulating circuit 49, then separated again into the video signal and the audio signal in a data separation circuit 116, and the video signal is subjected to the correction of error in the transmission by an error correction circuit 46-V while the audio signal is subjected to the correction of error in the record/reproduction and in the transmission in an error correction circuit 109-A. The video signal, after the error correction in the error correction circuit 46-V, is subjected to the expansion of the number of bits to the original state and the interpolation of the pixels skipped in the sub-sampling or lost by dropouts, in an expansion circuit 54. Thus there are obtained output image signal Vout and output audio signal Aout. The above-explained system allows to significantly simplify the circuit structure for the audio signal. The amount of data of the audio signal increased due to the elevated redundancy, but such increase is not a problem because the band for the audio signal is sufficiently narrower than that of the video signal. Consequently the circuit structure can be simplified without deterioration of the quality of the image and sound. The error correction circuit and the error correction code adding circuit for the video signal may be dispensed as in the case of audio signal, but this will result in a considerable increase in the amoung of redundant data to be transmitted. Therefore, if the simplification of the circuit structure for the video signal is desirable, there may be employed an increased band compression in the band compression circuit 52-V. In the foregoing embodiment, the record/reproducing system is provided in the transmitting side, but it may naturally be provided in the receiving side or in both the transmitting side and the receiving side. As will be apparent from the foregoing description, the systems shown in Figs. 9 and 10 employ only one error correction and can therefore achieve circuit simplification and cost reduction.

Claims: An information processing apparatus comprising: input means (10) for inputting digital image information and first error check codes for error correction of the digital image information; and error correction means (64) for correcting an error in the digital image information by using the first error check codes, and generating an error flag information (65) indicating a presence of an uncorrectable error when there is an uncorrectable error in the digital image information; characterized by transmission means (36, 66) for multiplexing the digital image information and the error flag information (65), and transmitting the multiplexed information to an external apparatus via a transmission channel (30). An apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the digital image information is compressed-coded image data. An apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said input means includes record/reproducing means (10) for recording the digital image information with the first error check codes on a recording medium, and reproducing the digital image information from the recording medium. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that An information processing method comprising the steps of: inputting digital image information and first error check codes for error correction of the digital image information; and correcting an error in the digital image information by using the first error check codes, and generating an error flag information (65) indicating a presence of an uncorrectable error when there is an uncorrectable error in the digital image information; characterized by multiplexing the digital image information and the error flag information (65), and transmitting the multiplexed information to an external apparatus via a transmission channel (30). said transmission means ( 36, 66 ) includes error check code adding means ( 36 ) for adding second error check codes to the digital image information. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the digital image information is compressed-coded image data. A method according to claims 5 or 6, characterized in that said input step includes recording the digital image information with the first error check codes on a recording medium, and reproducing the digital image information from the recording medium. An apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that said transmission step includes adding second error check codes to the digital image information.

Inventors: HASEGAWA MASAHIDE, IKEDA SHINGO, KASHIDA MOTOKAZU, TANAKA MITSUGU, YAGISAWA TOSHIHIRO, HASEGAWA, MASAHIDE, IKEDA, SHINGO, KASHIDA, MOTOKAZU, TANAKA, MITSUGU, YAGISAWA, TOSHIHIRO, Tanaka, Mitsugu, Canon Musashishinden-ryo
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1989
Main classification: H04N5
IPC codes: G11B20, H04N7, H04N5