Non-filming high performance solid floor cleaner

Abstract: A solid cleaning concentrate composition for aqueous dilution to form a non-filming floor cleaner, said concentrate comprising a major portion of a carrier for inertly containing the active ingredients of said concentrate in a solid cast mass prior to dilution, said active ingredients comprising an effective amount of a surfactant component for imparting wettability and lypophilic solubilizing character to said non-filming floor cleaner an effective amount of a solubilizer for solvating fatty oils and grease on the surface of application, and an effective amount of alkali for maintaining said non-filming floor cleaner above a pH of 9.0 upon dilution.

Description: Field of the Invention This invention relates to solid floor cleaning concentrate compositions and more specifically, to a concentrate composition which when dispensed and diluted results in a floor cleaner having a non-filming character. Background of the Invention The cleaning art has developed a number of various forms of floor cleaner including, for example, liquids, gels, particulates and slurries. In the past, the principle focus has been on liquid floor cleaners. EP-A 0 017 149 concerns a liquid cleaning composition for the household and commercial enterprises whereby the cleaning agent is an aqueous solution or an organic solution with is mixable with water. Further the liquid cleaning composition comprises a non-ionic tensid and an alkaline anorganic or organic builder. Liquid floor cleaners, intended for commercial use, can be problematic in manufacture and use. For instance, being dilute, the inherent added volume of diluent in the liquid cleaner results in higher shipping costs due to the added bulk. Also, the added volume of a liquid requires greater storage space both at the location of manufacture and at the location of use. The increased volume and overall size of a liquid cleaner also results in a higher packaging cost. One of the most critical problems faced by the use of a liquid floor cleaner is the hazard of manufacturing, shipping and applying a product which tends to have an elevated caustic character. To overcome these problems, our research has refocused on concentrated floor cleaning compositions which are manufactured as a cast solid and then diluted and mixed at the point of application. The solid floor cleaner, in turn, eliminates many of the hazards resulting from the manufacture, shipment and use of a caustic liquid floor cleaner. Also, the use of a solid floor cleaner composition, which may be diluted at the point of application, provides many economies of packaging, shipping and storage which are unattainable with a high bulk liquid floor cleaners. However, one of the problems encountered in the manufacture and use of solid floor cleaning concentrates is the formation of residual of films on the surface of application. US-A 4,747,880 discloses a floor cleaner composition which can be reconstituted in water. This cleaning agent presents granules containing an alkaline builder and an alkali-soluble film-former bonded together with a water-soluble binding agent. The alkaline builder has cleaning functions and serves as solubilizing agent for the film forming component. US-A 4,077,896 relates to a heavy-duty cleaning composition, specifically appropriate for moving soils from baseboards, ceramic tiles, walls and floors, whereby the composition contains an aqueous solvent system including a water-soluble monobutylglycol ether organic solvent and a primary amine. Further the composition contains a sufficient compatible water-soluble film-forming resin to prevent rapid evaporation of the organic solvent and the amine. Certain post-application processes such as vacuum suctioning, rinsing, or the like will be used to eliminate a residual film on the surface of application. However, the application environment is not always conducive to the use of such post-application processes. Furthermore, these processes have to be strictly followed to completely prevent film formation. Finally, the need to use these post-application processes reduces the economy and efficiency of the entire cleaning process. Summary of the Invention We have found a solid floor cleaning concentrate composition having the aforementioned economies as well as safety in manufacture and use which has a surprising non-filming character. More specifically, the composition of the present invention contains a surfactant system, a solubilizer for solvating fatty dirts and oils, an alkali base to maintain the pH of the floor cleaning composition after dilution and, in turn, heighten clean efficacy, and a solid water-soluble carrier which assists in converting the mixture to a solid mass and provides the inert containment of the actives. Detailed Description of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a solid cleaning concentrate composition comprising a surfactant system, a solubilizer, an alkali source, and a solidifying carrier, diluent or processing aid. The composition of this invention is manufactured in a concentrate formulation through a series of steps which comprise heating the surfactant system and carrier in a mixing vessel, adding the alkali and solubilizer into the vessel, mixing the components to create a homogenous liquid composition, and forming the solid concentrate floor cleaning composition in a capsule. The solid floor cleaning concentrate composition of this invention may in turn, be dispensed through any variety means including a standard dilution or a hydraulic dispensing. The first component of the solid cleaning concentrate is the surfactant system which functions as a penetrant to add wettability to the composition allowing easy dilution and solubilization of the solid floor cleaning concentrate. The surfactant system also solubilizes fatty soils and lowers surface tension, thus adding surface activity to the composition. The surfactant system is composed of nonionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants tend to promote high foaming characteristics which make the manufacturing and application process of a floor cleaner more difficult. In contrast, nonionics provide good solvency and low surface activity with an ability to solubilize a wide variety of contaminants found on commercial floor environments. Commonly used nonionics are those containing alkoxylate chains. Specifically, nonionics having ethoxylate chains ranging in length from 6 moles to 10 moles have been found to be of utility. Generally, nonionics such as alcohol ethoxylates being either linear C₆₋₁₅ alcohols or branched C₆₋₁₂ alcohols are preferred. Nonyl phenol ethoxylates have also been found to be of particular utility. Moreover, the surfactant system is preferably a two constituent blend of nonionic surfactants. The first constituent, generally having a concentration around 10% ± 2%, is preferably a nonylphenol ethoxylate having 9 to 10 moles of ethoxylation which imparts a hydrophilic character to the cleaning system as well as the solid floor cleaning concentrate composition. Also, the high degree of ethoxylation adds wettability to the solid floor cleaning concentrate composition of the invention. Preferably, the other constituent of the surfactant system is a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant having a lower degree of ethoxylation -- approximately 6 to 7 moles. The lower concentration of ethoxy groups adds nonpolarity to the composition of the invention and thereby imparts a lypophilic characteristic for solubilizing fatty soils. Specific examples of nonionics useful in the surfactant system of the present invention are Igepal 630 from GAF, Makon 10 from Stepan, and Triton N101 from Rohm & Haas as common sources of the hydrophilic constituent of the present invention. A common example of chemicals which may be used for the lypophilic constituent of the surfactant system is Igepal 530 from GAF. The concentration of the surfactant system within the entire concentrate composition ranges preferably from 7% to 16% and is preferably 10% to 14%, given a two constituent surfactant component. The overall concentration range of this component will be split between a hydrophilic constituent comprising 10% ± 2% and a lypophilic constituent comprising 3% ± 1%. The solid floor cleaning concentrate composition of the present invention also contains a solubilizer. The solubilizer imparts a degreasing character to the composition by solubilizing fatty soils and dirts. The solubilizer is an organic solvent type constituent able to solubilize greasy soils which does not contribute a toxic character to the final concentrate product. Specifically, exemplary chemicals used in the invention are compounds such as monoethanolamine, ethylene glycolmonobutyl ether, also known as Butylcellosolve, or diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, also known as Carbatol, both available from Union Carbide Corporation. Generally, the composition of the present invention will contain approximately 5% to 20% and preferably 7% to 9% of solubilizer. The upper concentration of solubilizer is limited by the intended physical properties of the final solid concentrate composition. In other words, the use of too much solubilizer will result in the solid concentrate becoming malleable or soft. In contrast, lowering the concentration of the solubilizer results in a loss of solvency and, in turn, a loss of oily soil removing efficacy for the solid floor cleaning concentrate upon dilution and application. Another element of the composition of the present invention is an alkali source. The alkali source raises the pH of the concentrate composition to greater than 9 with a useful range being 11.0 to 12.5 and a preferred range being 11.5 to 12.0. The higher pH increases the efficacy of the chemical breakdown and facilitates the rapid dispersion of soils. The general character of the alkali source is only limited to those chemical compositions which have a greater solubility. That is, the alkali source should not assist in promoting the formation of filming salts. Exemplary products which may be used as an alkali source are sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide. Also, volatile bases such as amines and, specifically, monoethanol amine may be used as an alkali source. These compounds are readily available from sources such as PPG, Stouffer, Dow Chemical, Ashland Chemical, or Union Carbide Corporation. The alkali source may be added to the composition as a liquid or solid. Caustic (NaOH) is commonly available in any variety of forms including solid beads or flakes or in solution. Usually, the alkali source is present as NaOH or KOH in a concentration of 2.0 to 4.4% of a 50% (w/v) solution. The alkali concentration should be maintained at a level which facilitates cleaning yet doesn't preclude removal of the floor cleaner from the surface of application after washing. The final element of the solid floor cleaning composition of the present invention is the carrier. During processing, the carrier converts the composition of the present invention into a cast solid. Moreover, once converted into a solid, the carrier allows inert portable containment of the active ingredients, namely, the cleaning system, the alkali source, and the solubilizer within the composition. The carrier may be any water-soluble organic filler which creates a solid matrix. Preferably, the organic filler used has a low concentration of inorganics, thus avoiding the formation of salts or residual films on the surface of application. A specific exemplary chemical which may be used is polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of approximately 3000 to 8000 commonly available from Union Carbide Corporation. Generally, the quantity of carrier is 15% to 50% and preferably 28% to 36%. The concentration of carrier should be adequate to form a solid cast product while still providing a material which is water soluble and can readily be dispensed into an aqueous system. Composition Component Concentration Ranges CONSTITUENT WORKING RANGE USEFUL RANGE PREFERRED RANGE Surfactant 7 - 16% 9% - 15% 10 - 14% Solublizer 5 - 20% 5% - 15% 7 - 9% Alkali pH>9 pH 11 - 12.5 pH 11.5 - 12.0 Carrier 15 - 50% 25% - 40% 28 - 36% In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided a process for formulating the composition of the invention comprising the steps of heating the elements of the composition, mixing the heated elements, and forming the mixture into a solid usable concentrate mass. The first step of the process is heating the chosen surfactant and carrier components. The heating step melts the carrier component in the surfactant system to provide a homogenous mixture. This step also provides a liquid mixing environment for the solubilization and intermixing of the entire concentrate composition prior to solidification. Specifically, the carrier is added to the surfactant system and the temperature of the mixture is raised to approximately 54.5 to 65.6°C (130° F to 150° F). The preferred temperature will be above the melting point of the carrier but not so high as to char the mixture. The next step is the mixing of all the elements into the surfactant system/carrier mix. The mixing step provides for greater homogenization of the composition of the invention. Specifically, alkali is added to the surfactant - carrier molten mixture while at a temperature of 54.5 to 65.6°C (130° to 150° F). Next, the appropriate amount of solubilizer is added to the molten mixture. The effect of adding the solubilizer is to cool the composition and thus, lessen the exposure time to the fumes of the molten mixture. The final step in the process is forming the solid floor cleaning concentrate into a cast solid. The formation step is completed in a manner and at a rate which maintains the homogeneity of the mixture and allows for economical production of the composition. Specifically, once completely mixed, the composition is poured at a temperature of approximately 46.1 to 54.5°C (115° to 130° F) into any of a variety of capsule containers. The preferred pouring temperature will allow for the efficient decanting of the molten mixture, yet, not be so great as to result in a phase separation of the mixture or create the need for extended cooling time. The composition may be formed into any weight or volume of solid composition. It has been found that the 0.45 to 4.5 Kg (1 to 10 pound) capsules are commercially advantageous as they strike a balance between providing a readily portable volume and an economically optimal quantity of the floor cleaning concentrate. The forming step is completed by cooling the concentrate composition. Preferably, the mixture is cooled in either a chilling or a water cooling tunnel having a temperature ranging generally from below -0.2°C to + 21.1°C (32° F to 70° F). Preferably, the temperature of the cooling tunnel will maintain an efficient and economical manufacturing process requiring a cooling time not exceeding 2 hours. Once the solid floor cleaning concentrate of the invention is formed within the capsules, it may be shipped and dispensed in any variety of manners. Common methods of dispensing the floor cleaner of the present invention include simple dilution, hydraulic dispensing, or the like. A preferred method of dispensing the solid floor cleaning concentrate composition of the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,569,780 to Fernholz et al. Specifically, the solid cast floor cleaning concentrate is surrounded on all sides but its upper surface by a capsule. The cast solid is then placed in a mechanism having a dispensing device designed to dispense liquid aqueous detergent from a solid cast detergent using an impinging liquid spray. The liquid aqueous detergent flows out of the dispensing device generally simultaneously with its formation in the dispenser. After dilution, the floor cleaner has a concentration ranging from 0.10% to 0.40% and preferably 0.15% to 0.30%. This controlled dilution of the solid floor cleaning concentrate provides for a more accurate solubilization of the solid concentrate. Thus, the dispenser prevents over-application of floor cleaner resulting from the mixing of too concentrated a solution and, in turn, provides a more economical use of the floor cleaning concentrate. Upon application, the solid floor cleaning concentrate composition of this invention has a non-filming character. The working examples, provided below, exhibit the characteristics of the non-filming solid floor cleaning concentration of this invention upon application. Examples Comparative Examples A-C and working Examples 1 and 2 were prepared to exhibit the non-filming character of the working examples. All examples were prepared in accordance with the process of the present invention as detailed in the preceding paragraphs. Specifically, five 10% solutions each containing 50 grams of solids were prepared having constituent concentrations as shown in Tables II and III. The first step in preparing the concentrate composition was to charge a 600 milliliter beaker containing water with the appropriate amount of nonyl phenol ethoxylate having 9.5 moles of ethoxylation and nonyl phenol ethoxylate having 6.5 moles of ethoxylation. The beaker was then placed on a hot plate and stirred. The appropriate amount of polyethylene glycol 8000 was then added to the beaker and the components were heated to 54.5°C (130° Fahrenheit). During the heating process, the system was continually stirred. The elapsed time from room temperature until the mixture reaches 54.5°C (130°F) was approximately 10 minutes. The mixture was heated until the polyethylene glycol was melted. Once the PEG melted, the dye and solubilizer were added to the mixture. In this specific instance, both ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and monoethanolamine were used as a solubilizer. The composition is then mixed until it was homogeneous. At this point, the working examples were completed. However, in order to form the comparative examples, additional elements were added to the three remaining mixing flasks. To form comparative Example A, Cabosil or silicon dioxide was added at a temperature of 48.9 to 51.7°C (120° to 125° Fahrenheit) and mixed for 20 minutes. The silicon dioxide thickens the composition. Once the viscosity of the mixture has increased, sodium tripolyphosphate and/or sodium metasilicate were added to the compositions during mixing. Once an adequate dispersion of the sodium metasilicate and sodium tripolyphosphate was completed, these mixtures were then completed. The resulting formulations are shown in Table II as comparative examples and Table II as working examples. Comparative Examples Constituents Ex. A Ex. B Ex. C Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate 9.5 5.15% 5.15% 5.15% Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate 6.5 1.35% 1.35% 1.35% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 8000) 15.5% 15.5% 15.5% Dye .025% .025% .025% Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% Monoethanolamine 13.5% 13.5% 13.5% SiO₂ .975% --- .975% Sodium Metasilicate (.5H₂O) --- 5.0% 5.0% Sodium Tripolyphosphate 5.0% 5.0% --- FILMING 2 2 3 Working Examples Constituents Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate 9.5 5.15% 5.15% Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate 6.5 1.35% 1.35% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 8000) 15.5% 15.5% Dye .025% .025% Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 3.5% 3.5% Monoethanolamine 13.5% 13.5% SiO₂ --- --- Sodium Metasilicate .5H₂O --- --- Sodium Tripolyphosphate --- --- FILMING 1 1 Comparative Examples A, B, and C along with Working Examples 1 and 2 were uniformally applied to identical floor surfaces. All of the examples were then rated on the basis of their tendency to form a deposit or residual film upon the surface of application according to the following scheme. Film Rating Numerical Rating Description Comments 1 No Film Rating indicates that application of cleaner failed to form residual film on surface of application 2 Moderate Film Rating indicates that a thin chalk-like haze was left on the surface of application 3 Severe Film Rating indicates that a heavy chalk-like powdery residue was left on surface of application Upon uniform application of equal concentrations of Comparative Examples A, B, and C as well as Working Examples 1 and 2 it was found that Comparative Examples B and C resulted in the formation of severe films. Example A resulted in the formation of a moderate film. All three comparative Examples A, B and C, resulted in at least a chalk-like haze on the surface of application and in two instances formed a heavy chalk-like powdery residue. In contrast, Working Examples 1 and 2 failed to form a film when applied at a concentration and in a method which conformed to the same method used to apply the comparative examples.

Claims: A solid cleaning concentrate composition for aqueous dilution to form a non-filming floor cleaner, said concentrate being characterized in that it comprises a major portion of a water-soluble organic carrier for inertly containing the active ingredients of said concentrate in a solid cast mass prior to dilution, said active ingredients comprising (i) an effective amount of a nonionic surfactant component for imparting wettability and lypophilic solubilizing character to said non-filming floor cleaner, (ii) an effective amount of an organic solubilizer for solvating fatty oils and grease on the surface of application, and (iii) an effective amount of an alkalinity source for maintaining said non-filming floor cleaner above a pH of 9.0 upon dilution and selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and volatile organic bases. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 1 wherein said carrier is polyethylene glycol having a molecular weigth of 3000 to 8000. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 1 wherein said nonionic surfactant component is selected from the group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, nonyl phenol ethoxylates, and mixtures thereof. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 1 wherein said solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, ethylene glycol butylether, diethylene glycol monoethylether, and mixtures thereof. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 1, wherein said alkalinity source is selected from the group consisting of NaOH, KOH and monoethanolamine. The solid floor cleaning concentrate composition of claim 1, wherein said surfactant component is present in a concentration of from 7 % to 16 % by weight. The solid cleaning concentrate composition of claim 1, wherein said alkalinity source is present in an amount effective to maintain the pH of the composition between 11.0 and 12.5 upon dilution. The solid cleaning concentrate composition of claim 1, wherein said solubilizer is present in an amount ranging from 5 % to 20 % by weight. A non-filming floor cleaner comprising a major portion of aqueous diluent and from 0.10 % to 0.40 % by weight solid cleaning concentrate composition, said solid cleaning concentrate composition comprising a major portion of a water-soluble organic carrier for inertly containing the active ingredients of said concentrate as a solid cast mass prior to dilution, said active ingredients comprising: (a) an effective amount of a nonionic surfactant component for imparting wettability and lypophilic solubilizing character to said non-filming floor cleaner; (b) an effective amount of an organic solubilizer for solvating fatty oils and grease on the surface of application, and (c) an effective amount of an alkalinity source for maintaining said non-filming floor cleaner between a pH of 10.5 and 12.5 upon dilution and selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and volatile organic bases. A solid cleaning concentrate composition for aqueous dilution to form a non-filming floor cleaner according to claim 1, said concentrate comprising from 28 % to 36 % by weight of said water-soluble organic carrier; 10 % to 14 % by weight of said nonionic surfactant component; from 7 % to 9 % by weight of said organic solubilizer and an effective amount of said alkalinity source for maintaining said non-filming floor cleaner between a pH of 11.5 of 12.0 upon dilution, wherein said concentrate composition is diluted to form an aqueous floor cleaner which imparts a non-filming character upon application. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 10, wherein said alkalinity source is selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH and monoethanolamine. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 10, wherein said surfactant component is selected from the group consisting of alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol exthoxylates, and mixtures thereof. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 10, wherein said carrier comprises polyethylene glycol having a molecular weigth of 3000 to 8000. The solid cleaning concentrate of claim 10, wherein said solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethylether, and mixtures thereof. A solid cleaning concentrate composition for aqueous dilution to form a non-filming floor cleaner according to claim 1, said concentrate comprising from 25 % to 40 % by weight of said water-soluble organic carrier; an effective amount of said nonionic surfactant component wherein said surfactant component comprises a first surfactant component having from 9 to 10 moles of ethoxylation and a second surfactant component having from 6 to 7 moles of ethoxylation; and an effective amount of said alkalinity source for maintaining said non-filming floor cleaner between a pH of 11 and 12.5 upon dilution, wherein said concentrate composition is diluted to form an aqueous floor cleaner which imparts a non-filming character upon application. A method for using a solid cleaning concentrate composition for aqueous dilution to form a non-filming floor cleaner according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: (a) dispensing said concentrate composition as a cast solid in a capsule container; (b) injecting an aqueous spray into said capsule containing said solid concentrate cleaning composition; (c) diluting said concentrate composition to provide a floor cleaning composition wherein a major portion of said floor cleaning composition is aqueous diluent and from 0.10 % to 0.40 % by weight of it is said floor cleaning concentrate; and (d) applying said floor cleaner to the intended surface of application, wherein said floor cleaner imparts a non-filming character upon application.

Inventors: BEECHER JOHN L, MORGANSON STEPHEN A, BEECHER, JOHN L., MORGANSON, STEPHEN A.
Applicants: ECOLAB INC, ECOLAB INC.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: C11D1
IPC codes: C11D3, C11D1, C11D10, C11D17