A NEW VEHICLE BUMPER

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle bumper (1) which performs an effective function of reducing any impact forces acting on the vehicle and thus protects the safety of the passengers and the vehicle. The bumper (1) according to the present invention comprises a base (2) and a pneumatic cushion (4) connected with the base (2) and filled with gas. The pressure within the pneumatic cushion (4) ranges from 0.5kg/cm² to 10kg/cm² (gauge), and 2kg/cm² to 6kg/cm² (gauge) preferably.

Description: The invention relates to an absorbing vehicle bumper which possesses the function of buffering and thus effectively reduces impact forces acting on the vehicle. Bumpers perform as protectors of passengers and vehicles when collisions between vehicles or between vehicles and other things happen. Yet, the protection effects of bumpers are not satisfactory. It has been known that the presently used bumpers can be roughly classified into three categories which are of all-metal, rubber encapsulated and rubber inlaid type. The all-metal type bumpers basically do not have buffering function and can not reduce any impact forces; the other two have some buffering function due to the encapsulated or inlaid rubber, but their buffering effects are not satisfactory. A vehicle bumper according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE-A-2 823 299. The pneumatic cushion of this known bumper is a flexible tube which is sealed at both ends. From US-A-3 961 818 there is known a vehicle bumper with a pneumatic cushion in the form of an endless belt in which the bumper is mounted to a vehicle body by a bracket surrounding the back part of the cushion and being fixed to a flat part of the groove plate not covered by the cushion. The object of the invention is to provide a pneumatic cushion vehicle bumper which effectively reduces impact forces to vehicles and thus ensures the safety of passengers and vehicles. Another object of the invention is to provide a pneumatic cushion vehicle bumper of a wide application for all kinds of vehicles. Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the detailed description hereinafter. In the drawings; Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle bumper; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the Line I-I in Fig.1; Fig.3 is similar to Fig.1 but shows another vehicle bumper; Fig.4 is a sectional view taken along the Line II-II in Fig.3; Fig.5 is similar to Fig.1 but shows another vehicle bumper; Fig.6 is a sectional view taken along the Line III-III in Fig.5; Fig.7 shows an embodiment of the invention; Fig.8 is a sectional view taken along the Line IV-IV in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is similar to Fig.7 except that the protection layer is removed; Fig.10 is a sectional view taken along the Line V-V in Fig.9; Fig.11 is a front view of the inflated belt of the embodiment of the invention; Fig.12 is a top view of inflated belt of the embodiment of the invention. A vehicle bumper according to the present invention comprises a base and at least one pneumatic cushion which connects with the base and is filled with gas. The pneumatic cushion can be made of high polymer materials or other materials possessed of certain strength, elasticity, toughness and good air tightness. It is formed into an inter-communicated endless belt. The cross section of the pneumatic cushion can be of different shapes, and a circular shape is a preferred one for its easier processing and better performance. The base can be made of various kinds of materials, such as steel or other metals which are commonly used today. Or the base can be made of materials of less strength and rigidity, because the base bears greatly reduced impact forces compared with a conventional bumper due to the buffering effect of the pneumatic cushion and the impact forces acting on the base are uniformly distributed. The base can be formed into a U shape which is similar to that of a conventional bumper or any other desired shapes, and can be fixed to the vehicle body by conventional means, such as bolt or welding, etc. The base can be produced through conventional processes, e.g., stamping and welding, etc. The cross section of the base can be in many forms. Some of them are described hereinafter. Preferably the side of the base which contacts the belt is a circular arc in the cross section of the base to match the pneumatic cushion having a preferred cross section shape, which is a circular shape as well. A bumper with such structure has a better function effect. A liner made of rubber, cloth or other materials may be added between the cushion and the base for better contact or fitness when a bumper is assembled. A protection layer may be added to prevent the pneumatic cushion from damages by avoiding direct contact of the cushion when a collision happens or strengthening the pneumatic cushion when the pressure within the pneumatic cushion exceeds the limiting pressure of the cushion. The protection layer partly or wholly wraps the pneumatic cushion or the assembly of the pneumatic cushion and the base. The protection layer is made of plastics, metal or other materials and designed in accordance with the shape of the pneumatic cushion or the assembly of the pneumatic cushion and the base. It may have its outer configuration similar to that of a conventional bumper. When more than one pneumatic cushion is used, more than one protection layer may be applied. The base may connect with the pneumatic cushion in many ways, the base is a groove plate and may have concave portions extending along the longitudinal edges of the groove plate, complementary convex portions may be provided on the pneumatic cushion or the protection layer longitudinally, the concave portions bears closely against convex portions on the pneumatic cushion or the protection layer after the preumatic cushion is inflated, the base and the pneumatic cushion thereby being connected; or the base may connect with the pneumatic cushion by adhesion. One or more gas inflation means, such as a gas inflation valve, is provided on the pneumatic cushion, by means of which gas, preferably air can be filled into the pneumatic cushion. The pneumatic cushion is inflated before the bumper is put to use. The operation pressure within the pneumatic cushion ranges from 0.49 bar (0.5kP/cm²) to 9.8 bar (10kP/cm²) (gauge), preferably 1.96 bar (2kP/cm²) to 5.87 bar (6kP/cm²)(gauge), which is determined in accordance with many factors such as the weight of the vehicle, the speed of the vehicle, etc. The pressure within the pneumatic cushion is maintained when the bumper is being used. At least one pressure relief valve is further provided on the pneumatic cushion which performs the functions of protecting the pneumatic cushion when the pressure inside the cushion increases sharply, and multiple buffering is provided by decreasing the pressure within the pneumatic cushion. When the pneumatic cushion is compressed in case of any collision of a vehicle, the pressure within the pneumatic cushion may exceed the limiting pressure of the pneumatic cushion, which is related to the material of the cushion. In this case, the pressure relief valve may open automatically and release some of the gas within the pneumatic cushion, thus the pressure can be decreased and the pneumatic cushion is protected from damage. Moreover, after some of the gas is released, the pneumatic cushion can be further compressed till the preset pressure of the relief valve, thus further buffering function is performed The repeat of this process may provide a multiple buffering function. The preset pressure of the pressure relief valve is determined by many factors, e.g., the material used for the pneumatic cushion. The operation pressure of the pressure relief valve, ranges from 1.96 bar (2kP/cm²) to 11.76 bar (12kP/cm²) preferably. A bumper according to the invention possesses an effective function of buffering. When a vehicle collides with any obstacles, the pneumatic cushion or the protect layer bumps against the obstacles firstly.As the inflated pneumatic cushion is compressed, it greatly absorbs the kinetic energy of the vehicle and thus reduces the impact forces acting on the vehicle. Moreover, the impact forces transferred to the base, and then the vehicle, are uniformly distributed.forces rather than a concentrated force. Thus, the damage of the base is decreased; and the vehicle can be protected. A bumper according to the present invention can be applied to any conventional vehicles without any influence on the original design. It has lower cost, simpler structure and processes and easier assembly and can be repetitively used. Description is now being made with reference to the accompany drawings. Figs. 1 and 2 show a bumper. In the assembly, the pneumatic cushion is in the form of a belt 4 which has its ends sealed. The belt 4 is made of butyl rubber or other synthetic rubber and formed by extruding or other processes. A gas inflation valve 3 is provided on the belt 4 for inflating the belt 4. By means of the gas inflation valve 3, the belt 4 can be re-inflated and therefore be of repetitive use. A base which is in the form of a groove plate 2 is made of metal and formed through conventional processes, such as rolling or stamping. The groove plate 2 has a straight line cross section shape with both ends bent into concave shapes. The groove plate 2 is further provided with a through hole (not shown) for passing through the gas inflation valve 3. A protection layer 5 which is made of plastics or other materials and formed by conventional processes,e.g., extruding, wraps the belt 4. The protection layer 5 protects the belt 4 from damage caused by direct contact with the obstacles it bumps against or by an exceeding pressure within the pneumatic cushion.The protection layer 5 further connects the belt 4 with the groove plate 2 by the engagement of convex portions 6 which are integrally formed with the protection layer 5 along its longitudinal edges and corresponding concave portions 7 on the groove plate 2. As it can be seen in Fig. 2, the inner surface of the protection layer 5 is circular and the outer surface has a flat surface A at the front side and is similar to the shape of a conventional bumper, or the outer surface can be any shape which is of aesthetic design. When the bumper is to be assembled, the belt 4 is first wrapped by the protection layer 5; then, the protection layer 5 and the belt 4 are fitted on the groove plate 2 by the engagement of the convex portions 6 and the concave portions 7; after that, the belt 4 is inflated and the expanded belt 4 bears against the inner surface of the protect layer 5, and then, the convex portions 6 of the protect layer 5 bear against the concave portions 7 of the groove plate 2; thus the connection is completed. The operation pressure within the belt 4 can range from 0.49 bar (0.5kP/cm²) to 9.8 bar (10kP/cm²) or 1.96 bar 2kP/cm² to 5.87 bar 6kP/cm² (gauge) preferably. The specific operation pressure can be determined according to many factors, such as the loading capacity of a vehicle, the speed of a vehicle, etc. Figs. 3 and 4 show another bumper which is similar to the first one. The components with functions identical or analogous to those in the first bumper are designated by reference numerals retaining the last one digit from the first bumper. In addition to the identical components, the components whose function or configuration has changed and the newly added components are explained. It can be seen in Fig. 4 that the cross section of the groove plate 22 is a C shape and the cross section of the belt 24 is circular. The protection layer 25 has a different configuration from that in the first bumper. Figs. 5 and 6 show a third bumper. The differences between the first and the third bumper are: the cross section of the groove plate being an enclosed frame with one circular side which contacts the belt 34, the belt being directly connected with the groove plate 32 by an adhesive layer 38. In the cross section, the inner side of the belt 34 is circular and the outer side of the belt 34 is designed in accordance with the shape of a conventional bumper, or other desired configurations. The three above-described bumpers are not embodiments of the invention as claimed. Figs. 7 to 12 show an embodiment of the bumper according to the present invention. The pneumatic cushion is in the form of an endless belt 44, as it can be understood with reference to Figs. 11 and 12. The belt 44 comprises a front part 44a and a back part 44b. Both the front part 44a and the back part 44b have circular cross section shapes which are preferred shapes for a better function effect. The cross section area of the back part 44b is smaller than that of the front part 44 (see Fig. 10) , so that the volume of the bumper can be reduced. A gas inflation means, such as a gas inflation valve 43 is provided on the back part 44b by means of which gas, preferably air, can be filled in the belt 44. At a position "E" which is preferably located on the back part 44b of the belt 44, a pressure relief valve (not shown) is connected with the belt 44. When the pressure within the belt 44 exceeds the preset pressure of the pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve may release some of the gas within the belt and thus protect the belt 44 from damage. Slots 40 are provided on the back part 44b for passing through any securing means used to mount the bumper on a vehicle. The base 42 can be made of various kinds of material and, advantageously, by some materials which are of less strength and rigidity, because the impact forces acting on the base 42 are greatly reduced and uniformly distributed by means of the buffering function of the belt 44. The base 42 can be formed by conventional means, such as rolling, extruding and welding. The cross section shape of the base 42 is an enclosed frame (see Fig. 10) with a pair of opposite sides curved to match with the circular cross section shape of the front and back parts 44a and 44b. The curved sides are preferably circular arcs which are of better effect. A pair of liners 49 made of rubber, cloth or other materials may be further provided to compensate for any processing error of the circular arc shape of the base 42. A protection layer 45 made of plastics, metal or other materials is provided to wrap the belt 44 and the base 42 entirely. The cross section shape of the protection layer 45 can be seen in Fig. 8. The protection layer 45 is locked at position "B". When the bumper is assembled, the belt 44, the base 42 and the protect layer 45 are separately formed, then, the belt 44 is made to surround the base 42, whereafter the belt 44 and the base 42 are wrapped by the protection layer 45 which is locked at position "B". Finally, the belt 44 is inflated with gas until the operation pressure within the belt reaches the desired value. The inflated belt 44 bears against the base 42 and completes the connection of them (see Fig. 7). The operation pressure within the belt 44 can range from 0.49 bar (0.5kg/cm²) to 9.8 bar (10kg/cm²), or 1.96 bar (2kg/cm²) to 5.87 bar (6kg/cm²) (gauge) preferably. When the bumper collides with an obstacle, the belt 44 is compressed. The inflated front part and back part, 44a and 44b impose the reduced impact forces on the base 42 in opposite direction and thus improve the working condition of the base 42. As it can be seen in Fig. 8, the back part 44b is compressed after inflation. Thus, the contact area between the back part 44b and the curved side of the base 42 is increased.Therefore, the working condition of the base 42 is further improved. As the belt 44 is compressed upon a collision, the pressure within the belt 44 may increase sharply and exceed the preset pressure of the pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve opens automatically and releases some of the gas within the belt 44. The pressure is thus decreased and the belt 44 can be further compressed performing a further buffering function till the pressure within the belt 44 reaches the preset pressure of the pressure relief valve a second time. The repeat of this process may provide a multiple buffering function.

Claims: A vehicle bumper, comprising a base (42), a pneumatic cushion connected with the base and filled with gas, and gas inflation means (43) and pressure relief valve means provided on the pneumatic cushion, characterized in that the base (42) comprises a groove plate, the pneumatic cushion is in the form of an endless belt (44) having a front part (44a) and a back part (44b) which surround the groove plate, and the back part (44b) is provided with slots (40) which receive securing means for mounting the base (42) to a vehicle body. A vehicle bumper according to claim 1, characterized in that the front part (44a) of the belt (44) has a larger cross-sectional area than the back part (44b). A vehicle bumper according to claim 2, characterized in that a protection layer (45) is provided to wrap around the belt (44) and the groove plate (42). A vehicle bumper according to claim 3, characterized in that the protection layer (45) is made of plastic. A vehicle bumper according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one liner (49) is further provided between the groove plate (42) and the cushion. A vehicle bumper according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that the belt has an operating pressure of from 1,96 bar (2 kp/cm²) to 5,87 bar (6 kp/cm²) (gauge).

Inventors: PENG, XIAOLAN, NO. 10, UNIT 5, BUILDING 11, ZHANG, NING, NO. 10, UNIT 5, BUILDING 11, ZHOU, JIYONG
Applicants: ZHANG, NING
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B60R19
IPC codes: B60R19