Porous ceramic honeycomb filter and method of producing the same

Abstract: Porous ceramic honeycomb filter having a chemical composition consisting of, as main components, 42-56 wt% SiO₂, 30-45 wt% Aℓ₂O₃, and 12-16 wt% MgO and contains cordierite as a main component of a crystalline phase is disclosed. The porous ceramic honeycomb filter has a porosity of at least 40% and not greater than 55%, and the volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm in the filter is not larger than 0.015 cc/g to thereby improve the collecting time with low pressure loss and high collecting efficiency.

Description: The present invention relates to a porous ceramic honeycomb filter consisting of a cordierite ceramic and in particular to an improvement of properties of a thermal shock resistance and particulate collecting time of the porous ceramic honeycomb filter for collecting particulates e.g. soot contained in an exhaust gas from a diesel engine. The invention also relates to a method of producing such a filter. Recently, ceramic materials having high thermal resistance and thermal shock resistance have been used in various industrial fields. As an example, a diesel particulate filter having a honeycomb structure consisting of cordierite ceramic is used for collecting particulates contained in exhaust gas from a diesel engine e.g. for automobiles or other vehicles. The diesel particulate filters may be classified broadly into a high collecting efficiency type for big vehicles and a low collecting efficiency type for small vehicles and are used in dependence on various purposes. JP-B-61-54750 relates to filtering performance of a porous honeycomb filter. The publication discloses that porous ceramic honeycomb filters of the high collecting efficiency type and the low collecting efficiency type can be designed by controlling open porosity and average diameter of pores. Furthermore, JP-A-58-70814 (corresponding to US-A-4 464 185) discloses that the pressure loss can be decreased by providing large pores having a diameter larger than 100 µm. The porous ceramic honeycomb filter has three properties such as a particulate collecting efficiency, a pressure loss and a particulate collecting time as a filter. The particulate collecting efficiency and the pressure loss are in a relationship of an inverse proportion to each other, that is the higher the collecting efficiency, the greater the pressure loss and reversely the smaller the pressure loss the lower the collecting efficiency, and this relationship varies depending on the kind of engines to which the filter is to be be applied. The most important property of the filter is the particulate collecting time in which the filter can continuously effectively collect the particulate in the gas with a pressure loss not greater than a predetermined value. If the collecting time is short, the interval between regenerating treatments becomes short. Accordingly, there is a problem that the volume of the filter must of necessity be made large since the collecting time is short. It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the above mentioned drawbacks. The invention makes it possible to provide a porous ceramic honeycomb filter having a property of long collecting time independent of the high collecting efficiency type and the low collecting efficiency type, that is the collecting time is greatly increased with the same collecting efficiency and pressure loss. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of producing such an improved porous ceramic honeycomb filter. The porous ceramic honeycomb filter according to the present invention is set out in claim 1. A method of producing the porous ceramic honeycomb filter according to the present invention is set out in claim 3. According to the present invention, the porous ceramic honeycomb filter has an open porosity of at least 40% and not greater than 55% and the volume of pores having a diameter of not larger than 2 µm is not greater than 0.015 cc/g, so as to decrease fine pores to thereby prolong the collecting time, independent of the high collecting efficiency type and the low collecting efficiency type. The fine pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm do not contribute to the particulate collecting efficiency and are clogged by the particulates to cause premature increase of the pressure loss. The pores having a diameter larger than 2 µm are effective for the collecting efficiency and the pressure loss. Therefore, the volume of the pores having a diameter larger than 2 µm should be adjusted corresponding to the use. The volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm is preferably not greater than 0.010 cc/g, to further improve the collecting time. The porous ceramic honeycomb filter wherein the volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm is not greater than 0.015 cc/g can be produced by adjusting the total amount of fine particles having a grain size not larger than 2 µm so as to decrease it to an amount not more than 35% of the mixture of the cordierite raw material and the pore forming agent. It is preferable to adjust the total amount of fine particles having a grain size not larger than 2 µm so as to decrease it to an amount not more than 15% since the volume of the pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm can be further decreased. In a preferred embodiment of the method of producing the porous ceramic honeycomb filter according to the present invention, it is preferable that the amount of the fine particles of silica having a grain size not larger than 2 µm is not more than 20% of the total amount of particles of silica, the amount of the fine particles of alumina having a grain size not larger than 2 µm is not more than 70% of the total amount of particles of alumina, the amount of the fine particles of kaolin having a grain size not larger than 2 µm is not more than 60% of the total amount of particles of kaolin, and the amount of the fine particles of the pore forming agent is not more than 10% of the total amount of particles of the pore forming agent. These and other features and advantages of the invention will be appreciated upon reading of the following description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the attached drawings. For a better understanding of the invention, examples are described below, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein: Figs. 1A and 1B are a front elevational view and a side elevational view with a part being broken away of an embodiment of the porous ceramic honeycomb structural body; Figs. 2A and 2B are a front elevational view and a side elevational view with a part being broken away of an embodiment of the porous ceramic honeycomb filter; Fig. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between the pressure loss and the collecting time; and Fig. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm and the collecting time. In a first stage of producing the porous ceramic honeycomb filter according to the present invention, a mixture of a composition of cordierite ceramic consisting of 42-56 wt% SiO₂, 30-45 wt% Aℓ₂O₃ and 12-16 wt% MgO is prepared by using an amount of each of kaolin, calcined kaolin, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, silica, talc, calcined talc and a pore forming agent such as graphite or the like and is adjusted such that the total amount of fine particles having a grain size not larger than 2 µm is not more than 35% of the starting material. In the next stage, a plasticizer and a binder are added to the mixture to make a deformable batch mixture. The thus plasticized batch mixture is shaped by extrusion molding and dried, which is then fired at a temperature in a range of 1350-1440°C to obtain a porous ceramic honeycomb structural body 1, as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, having channels 2 extending therethrough and porous ceramic partition walls 3. Finally, the porous ceramic honeycomb structural body 1 is sealed by inserting sealing medium 4 into openings at the opposite ends of the structural body to provide a porous ceramic honeycomb filter 5 as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. In the following, an example of the present invention will be explained. Example 1 Starting materials having chemical compositions and grain size shown in Table 1 were mixed to prepare batches of mixture No. 1∼No. 101 shown in Table 2, to each of which methylcellulose 3.5 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the batch mixture and additional water were added and then each batch mixture was kneaded to make an extrudable molding batch body. Each batch body was extruded to produce a cylindrical honeycomb structural body having an outer diameter of 118 mm, a height of 152 mm and a partition wall thickness of 430 µm with the number of cells being 16/cm². Each of the porous ceramic honeycomb structural bodies thus obtained from each batch was dried and then fired in firing conditions shown in Table 2. The properties of the thus fired honeycomb structural bodies i.e. the coefficient of thermal expansion at a temperature in a range of 40∼800°C, porosity, volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm and amount of cordierite crystals were determined. Each porous ceramic honeycomb structural body was sealed by inserting sealants into the openings at the opposite ends of each channel to produce a porous ceramic honeycomb filter. The properties of the filters i.e., the initial pressure loss and collecting time were determined. The results of the determination are shown in Table 2. Furthermore, the relationship between the total volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm and the collecting time is shown in Fig. 3 and an effect of improving the collecting time is shown in Fig. 4. In Table 2, the run Nos. 1∼62 are of the high collecting efficiency type and the run Nos. 63∼101 are of the low collecting efficiency type. It will be understood from the results shown in Table 2 that the collecting time can be more prolonged in the case of the volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm being not more than 0.015 cc/g, then the case of the total volume of that being more than 0.015 cc/g, and if the porosity is less than 40% the initial pressure loss becomes too large to imprive the collecting time, while if the porosity is more than 55%, the strength of the honeycomb structural body is decreased.

Claims: A porous ceramic honeycomb filter for operation by passage of a gas being filtered through the partition walls of the honeycomb structure, having a chemical composition consisting of, as main components, 42-56 wt% SiO₂, 30-45 wt% Al₂O₃ and 12-16 wt% MgO, and containing cordierite as a main crystalline phase, wherein the material of the porous ceramic honeycomb filter has a porosity of at least 40% and not greater than 55%, and the volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm in the filter is not greater than 0.015 cc/g. A porous ceramic honeycomb filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume of pores having a diameter not larger than 2 µm is not greater than 0.010 cc/g. A method of producing a porous ceramic honeycomb filter according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: preparing a mixture by mixing a cordierite raw material having a chemical composition consisting of, as main components, 42-56 wt% SiO₂, 30-45 wt% Al₂O₃ and 12-16 wt% MgO with a pore forming agent, wherein the grain size of fine particles of the raw material is such that particles having a grain size not larger than 2 µm are not more than 35 wt% of all of the raw material; making a batch mixture by adding a plasticizer and a binder to the mixture; manufacturing a ceramic honeycomb filter by extrusion molding the batch mixture; and drying and firing the extruded ceramic honeycomb filter at a firing temperature in a range of 1350≈1440°C. A method of producing a porous ceramic honeycomb filter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the amount of particles having a grain size not larger than 2 µm in the mixture of the cordierite raw material and the pore forming agent is adjusted to be not more than 15% of all the mixture.

Inventors: HAMAGUCHI KUNIKAZU, HAMANAKA TOSHIYUKI, HARADA TAKASHI, HAMAGUCHI, KUNIKAZU, HAMANAKA, TOSHIYUKI, HARADA, TAKASHI
Applicants: NGK INSULATORS LTD, NGK INSULATORS, LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: C04B38
IPC codes: C04B35, C04B38, B01D39, F02B3, B01D46, F01N3