Liquid-jet recording head and recording apparatus employing the same

Abstract: A liquid-jet recording head (30) comprises an ejection opening (4) for ejecting liquid, a liquid path (6) communicating to the ejection opening (4) and a substrate (10) having an energy-generating element (5) provided in correspondence with the ejection opening (4). The substrate (10) is combined with a heat-capacity member (1) and the heat accumulated in the substrate is efficiently released through the heat-capacity member (1).

Description: The present invention relates to a liquid-jet recording head having an ejection-energy-generating element, and more particularly to a recording head which can solve the problem caused by the heat from the ejection-energy-generating element. The present invention also relates to a recording apparatus having the above-mentioned recording head, and more particularly to a recording apparatus which can be miniaturized and simplified. In known liquid-jet recording apparatuses, liquid is ejected in minute liquid droplets driven by pressure change in a liquid path caused by strain of a piezoelectric element, or further the ejected liquid droplets are deflected by additional provision of a pair of electrodes. In other proposed apparatuses, liquid is ejected by driving force of bubbles generated by abrupt heat generation in a heating element in a liquid path. There are further various proposals regarding the liquid ejection. Among these, the types of ejection of a recording liquid by use of heat energy mentioned last, as disclosed in the US-A-4 723 129 and the US-A-4 740 796, is regarded as being particularly useful in liquid-jet recording apparatuses because the method enables the high-density arragnement of the ejection openings as well as high-speed recording. In such recording methods, the change of temperature of the recording liquid caused by the drive of the ejection-energy generating elements or by the heat transferred from the drive-signal transmitting circuit can sometimes be a serious factor. The reason is that a recording liquid will change the properties thereof such as surface tension and viscosity depending on the temperature, and that such change of properties will affect the ejected quantity, the feeding rate, etc. of the recording liquid. The temperature rise of the recording liquid is remarkable when a heat-generating element is employed. This temperature rise depends on the temperature rise of the substrate of the recording head where the heat-generating element is provided. For controlling the temperature of recording liquids, systems have been employed in which the temperature rise of the substrate (hereinafter referred to as "a heat-generating substrate") is prevented. One of the systems, for example, is based on spontaneous cooling (air-cooling) in which a heat-generating substrate is attached onto a heat-conductive substrate so that superfluous portion of the heat energy generated by the heat-generating substrate may be released through the heat-conductive substrate to the surrounding atmosphere. There is literature regarding heat problems. The JP-A-56-9429 (1981) discloses a Peltier element, provided in addition to a heat-energy generating element, to allow bubbles to constrict after their formation by nuclear boiling, thus extinguishing the bubbles. The US-A-4 8723 127 discloses use of a heat energy generating element simultaneously exhibiting Peltier effect also. These elements, however, are directed to bubbles per se, and do not based directly on the technical idea regarding a heat-generating substrate. The JP-A-57-138472 (1982) discloses a perforation construction of a substrate for supply of liquid from the back face to its front face adjacent to a common liquid chamber for the purpose of stable liquid supply from the common chamber to a plurality of liquid paths. This publication, however, recognizes nothing about problems caused by the heat. The reason is clear from the fact that the construction disclosed by the JP-A-57 138472 includes very small contact region area between the liquid supply paths and the substrate so that the thermal variation is not influential. Anyway, a recording head of liquid-jet recording apparatus employing liquid ejection energy, in particular, employing heat energy, involves a problem that, when high-density recording such as solid priniting is practiced particularly in high velocity by high-frequency drive, the temperature of the recording head rises to cause abnormal bubbling, resulting in difficulty in formation of normal liquid droplets, and deterioration of quality of records caused by variation of dot diameter at a temperature higher than a certain level T₁. To meet the problems, the recording is simply stopped when the temperature of the recording head rises to a certain temperature T₂ which is lower than temperature T₁ until the temperature of the head falls, or otherwise the liquid temperature is lowered by conducting preliminary ejection as disclosed in the GB-B-2 165 855, and thereafter the recording is re-started. However, such intermission of recording for a long time offsets the advantage of high speed recording. The above-mentioned phenomenum of temperature rise is especially remarkable in recording heads made of a low-thermal-conductivty material such as a plastic. A construction employing a high-thermal-conductivity material for cooling is not suitable for miniaturization of the head because of a required large volume of heat radiation substrate to secure sufficient heat capacity. On the other hand, air-cooling type of heads involve problems that the recording is liable to be affected by environment and that the temperature cannot easily be controlled stably and effectively. In this type of cooling, heat is accumulated increasingly with lapse of time, causing temperature rise of the liquid, change of ejected liquid droplet diameter and ejecting rate, etc. with time, and non-uniformity of recording concentration from the beginning to the end of the record, which may not satisfy enough the need for stable recording in high quality. An object of the invention is to provide a liquid-jet recording head and a recording apparatus using the head which have solved the aforementioned problems of disadvantageous enlargement of the apparatus and increase of heat accumulation resulting from low heat radiation coefficient. According to the invention this object is achieved with respect to the liquid-jet recording head by the features of claim 1 and with respect to the recording apparatus by the features of claim 4. Adavantageous further developments are set out in the dependent claims. According to the present invention a liquid-jet recording head and a recording apparatus using the head are provided which enable high speed recording of high quality image independently of the time length of practice of recording. The liquid-jet recording head and the practically miniaturized and inexpensive recording apparatus using the head enable reduction of thermal change rate of the liquid jet recording head without special driving, intermittance of the recording and enlargement of the recording apparatus. The liquid-jet recording head comprises a liquid-path-forming member having a heat capacity sufficient for adjusting substantially the temperature of the substrate at the side opposite to a liquid path for the ejection liquid in relation to a substrate having an ejection-energy-generating element. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, and Fig. 1C show respectively a partial sectional view from the ejection opening side, a sectional side view perpendicular to the liquid paths directing to the ejection openings, and a plan view of the substrate, of a recording head of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a liquid-jet recording apparatus provided with the recording head of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of another embodiment of the recording head of the present invention. In typical preferred embodiment of the present invention, briefly, the heat accumulated in the substrate having an ejection-energy-generating means is efficiently released through a heat-capacity member provided at least in contact with a surface of the substrate, and the rise of the substrate temperature is suppressed by flow of the liquid through the liquid path formed by the heat-capacity member and the substrate to promote heat exchange. In consideration of high heat generation in the central portion of the ejection-energy-generating element arrangement, heat distribution can advantageously made uniform by forming a liquid path so as to introduce the liquid first to the center region of the arrangement and then toward the both ends of the arrangement. The present invention is explained in detail based on the drawings. Referring firstly to Fig. 2, an example of a liquid-jet recording apparatus is described which is provided with the recording head of the present invention. Recording heads 30 which eject respectively recording liquid of different colors are fixed to a carriage 31 by pressing members 31. The recording heads 30 in Fig. 2 are the ones shown in Fig. 1 and store recording liquid therein. The carriage 37 provided with the recording heads 30 moves in a reciprocative manner along a guide member 32 by driving force from a driving motor 38. Liquid is ejected in Z-direction to a recording medium 35, while the carriage is moving to conduct recording. A platen 33 is rotated by a motor 34, to deliver the recording medium 35. A flexible wiring 36 supplies electric signals for ejecting the recording liquid in Z-direction through a connecting member provided on the carriage 37. A control means 1000 controls the above-mentioned constitution of the devices to conduct recording in a predetermined timing. In particular, the control means supplies drive signals to the aforementioned electrothermal energy transducer in a high speed in correspondence with the recording signals. The action of the control means 100 is controlled by a main switch 39 which switches on and off the apparatus. The apparatus in this example achieves high speed recording without employing a momentary stop mode and a conventional recovery means and operating mode therefor for avoiding loss of time. Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, and Fig. 1C show respectively a partial sectional view from the ejection opening side, a sectional side view perpendicular to the liquid paths directing to the ejection openings, and a plan view of the substrate, of a recording head of embodiment of the present invention. In the Figs. 1A to 1C, a heat-capacity member (or a cooling member) 1 of the present invention is provided in contact with the substrate 10. In this example, the heat-capacity member is formed from a resin with a metal dispersed therein which has larger heat capacity than the substrate and exhibits heat accumulation effect. The numeral 2 denotes a filter for removing dust from the recording liquid; 3 a cover plate; 4 an ejection opening or an orifice; 7 a common liquid chamber. The numeral 6 denotes a linear liquid path which introduces the recording liquid from the common liquid chamber to the ejection opening 4. A plurality of the liquid paths are arranged in predetermined spacings, and are respectively provided with a heat-generating element 5 as an electrothermal energy transducer. The numerals 8 and 9 denote recording liquid tanks separated by a filter 2; 10 a heat-generating substrate; 11 a wire bonding for electrically connecting the heat-generating substrate 10 with a lead frame 12. In this example, the heat-capacity member 1 is a hollowed member, and forms a liquid path 100 in combination with the substrate. The liquid path communicates a tank 8 to a common liquid chamber 7 through a liquid path 101 directing from the tank 8 to the substrate 10, and is perpendicular to the ejection direction of the liquid droplets and parallel to the heat-generating substrate 10. The recording liquid flows along the arrow marks from A ○ to D ○ in the Figs. More specifically, the recording liquid flows through the filter 2 with dust removed [A ○] and reaches the back face of the heat-capacity member 1 through a liquid path provided under the heat-capacity member [B ○ and C ○], cooling the heat-capacity member by heat exchange. The recording liquid subsequently passes the liquid path 101 directing to the substrate 10 to cool the substrate 10 at the central region thereof, then flowing in the liquid path 100 in a direction perpendicular to the ejection of the flying liquid droplets and parallel to the heat-generating substrate to exchange heat with the substrate [C ○, D ○]. The recording liquid enters the common liquid chamber 7 located on the heat-generating substrate 10 from both end regions of arrangement of the ejection-energy-generating elements [D ○], then flowing into each of the liquid paths 6 [E ○] receiving heat energy form the heat generating element 5 to be ejected from ejection opening 4 by generation of bubbles [F ○], to conduct recording on the recording medium. The recording liquid is made to eject on receiving heat from the heat-generating substrate. The higher the recording density, the more is the quantity of the ejection, and the higher is the aforementioned cooling efficiency, so that an abrupt temperature rise of the heat-generating substrate is unlikely to occur even with high-density recording. As described above, the heat-capacity member 1 of the present invention is in contact with the heat-generating substrate 10, serving to receive the heat that is accumulated in the heat-generating substrate 10. Additionally, the liquid paths of the recording liquid provided in the heat-capacity member enable the effective heat exchange with the recording liquid. The movement of the recording liquid in the direction intersecting the arrangement of the energy-generating elements is advantageous in uniformization of temperature distribution throughout the substrate. The heat capacity of the heat-capacity member 1 is preferably larger for receiving a larger amount of heat accumulated in the heat-generating substrate. The heat capacity of not less than 0.1 J/K is preferable. With the heat capacity of less than 0.1 J/K, there may arise troubles such that the heat-capacity member cannot receive sufficient heat from the heat-generating substrate, or the temperature of the heat-capacity member rises abruptly to cause an abrupt temperature rise of the recording liquid. On the other hand, although the upper limit for the heat capacity is not specified, the value of not more than 10 K/J is preferable for miniaturizing of recording heads. The contact area between the heat-capacity member 1 and the heat-generating substrate 10 is preferably not less than 40 % of the back face of the heat-generating substrate since a larger area is more effective in heat transfer. In consideration of formation of the liquid paths of the recording liquid, the upper limit is preferably 95 % for securing the liquid path from C ○ to D ○. The surface roughness of the heat-capacity member is preferably not higher than 25 µmRs(25S) in terms of center-line average roughness, and the surface undulation is preferably not higher than 40 µmW CA in terms of profile irregularity (three-wave center line undulation). The material for constituting the heat-capacity member may be a resin or a ceramic if it meets the requirement mentioned below, and is particularly preferably a metal having a high thermal conductivity such as copper, aluminum, bronze, beryllium, nickel, platinum, stainless steel, and steel. The thermal conductivity thereof is preferably not less than 5 J/m.S.K. If the thermal conductivity is less than 5 J/m.S.K, the heat received from the heat-generating substrate cannot be transferred to the recording liquid, not suppressing the temperature rise of the heat-generating substrate. A larger contact area between the recording liquid and the liquid path provided in the heat-capacity member is preferable for higher heat exchange rate, and the contact area of not less than 20 mm² is preferable. The area of less than 20 mm² may cause insufficient liquid paths, hindered flow of the recording liquid, and attachment of bubbles or dust. Naturally, the present invention is not limited to the above constitution, but includes various modifications. For example, the heat-capacity member and the heat-generating substrate 10 (or the part thereof being integrated) is constructed as shown in Fig. 3 to take a stepped or finned structure so as to obtain a larger contact area with the recording liquid to exchange heat more effectively. Otherwise, a portion of the heat-capacity member 1 may be extended out of the liquid and provide a fin 1A to release the heat into the atmosphere. The liquid path formed in the heat-capacity member 1 be in any shape inasmuch as it enables effective heat exchange. The above description concerns with application of the present invention to a serial type of recording heads provided on a carriage. However, the present invention can naturally applicable with effectiveness and ease to a full-line type of recording heads in which ejection openings are arranged over the full width of a recording medium. As described above, according to the examples, the rise of the temperature of the heat-capacity member itself can effectively be prevented by transferring the energy generated in a heat-generating element and accumulated in the heat-generating substrate into a heat-capacity member having a large heat capacity, and by subsequently releasing the heat to the recording liquid flowing in a liquid path formed in the heat-capacity member. As the result, the liquid can be ejected stably independently of recording speed and recording density, so that high-speed high-density recording can be made consistently and effectively. Recording apparatuses provided with the above-described liquid-jet recording heads is satisfactory indeed in practical application since the apparatuses require no other complicated mechanism, are simple in construction, and yet are capable of high recording. The present invention shows excellent effect particularly in recording heads and recording apparatus employing bubble jet systems among ink jet recording systems. The typical constructions and the principle thereof are disclosed, for example, by the US-A-4 723 129, and the US-A-4 740 796. The system of the present invention is applicable both to an on-demand type and to a continuous type. This system is particularly effective on-demand type since, in the system, heat energy is generated in an electrothermal transducer by applying a driving signal to the transducer located in corresponding with a sheet or a liquid path holding a liquid (or ink) to give rapid temperature rise exceeding nuclear boiling temperature corresponding to recording information and to give film boiling on the heating surface of the recording head, forming bubbles in one-to-one correspondence with driving signal. Liquid (or Ink) is ejected by the growth and constriction of the bubble through the ejection opening to form at least one droplet. Pulse type driving signal enables instantaneous and suitable growth and constriction of the bubble, achieving excellent responsiveness of ejection of liquid (or ink), and is preferable. Suitable driving signals of pulse type is described in the US-A-4 463 359 and the US-A-4 345 262. Additionally, more excellent recording is realized if the conditions described in the US-A-4 313 124 regarding the invention of temperature rise rate of the heat action surface mentioned above. The present invention covers the constitution of recording head such as combination of an ejection opening, a liquid path, and an electrothermal transducer (a linear liquid path or a rectangular liquid path) disclosed in the above cited patent specifications, and also a constitution having a heat action portion located in a bended region disclosed in the US-A-4 558 333 and the US-A-4 459 600. Further, the present invention is applicable effectively to constructions employing a common slit for ejection opening for electrothermal transducers disclosed by the JP-A-59-123670, and constructions having openings for absorbing pressure wave in correspondence with ejection openings disclosed in the JP-A-59-138461. A liquid-jet recording head comprises an ejection opening for ejecting liquid, a liquid path communicating to the ejection opening and a substrate having an energy-generating element provided in correspondence with the ejection opening. The substrate is combined with a heat-capacity member and the heat accumulated in the substrate is efficiently released through the heat-capacity member.

Claims: A liquid-jet recording head (30) comprising an ejection opening (4) for ejecting liquid; a first liquid path (6) communicating to said ejection opening (4); and a substrate (10) having an energy-generating element (5) provided in correspondence with said ejection opening (4); said substrate (10) being combined with a heat-capacity member (1) for forming a second liquid path (100) for supplying the liquid to said first liquid path (6). A liquid-jet recording head according to claim 1, characterized in that said energy-generating element (5) is an electrothermal energy transducer for generating heat energy. A liquid-jet recording head according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said heat-capacity member (1) is made from a metal having a high heat conductivity. A recording apparatus comprising a liquid-jet recording head (30) comprising an ejection opening (4) for ejecting liquid; a first liquid path (6) communicating to said ejection opening (4); and a substrate (10) having an energy-generating element (5) provided in correspondence with said ejection opening (4); said substrate (10) being combined with a heat-capacity member (1) for forming a second liquid path (100) for supplying the liquid to said first liquid path (6), said apparatus further comprising a carriage (37) for carrying said recording head (30), a driving motor (38) for driving said carriage (37), and a control means (1000) for supplying a driving signal in high speed for generating ejection energy at said recording head (30). A liquid-jet recording head (30) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a plurality of electrothermal energy transducers (5) provided on said substrate (10) in a predetermined arrangement; first liquid paths (6) provided on said substrate (10) in correspondence respectively with each of said electrothermal energy transducers (5) wherein said heat-capacity member (1) forms said second liquid path (100) in combination with said substrate (10) and is in contact with said substrate (10) at the side opposite to said first liquid paths (6) in relation to said substrate (10), and wherein said first liquid paths (6) and said second liquid path (100) form bended liquid supplying paths. A liquid-jet recording head according to claim 5, characterized in that said second liquid path (100) is formed parallel to the plane of the arrangement of said transducers (5) and in a direction crossing said transducers (5). A liquid-jet recording head according to any of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that said liquid supplying path enters said second liquid path (100) made by said heat-capacity member (1) leading to the middle portion of the arrangement of said tranducers (5) and reaches the both end sides of the arrangement.

Inventors: FUKUDA TSUGUHIRO, KARITA SEIICHIROU, NAKAGOMI HIROSHI, FUKUDA, TSUGUHIRO, KARITA, SEIICHIROU, NAKAGOMI, HIROSHI
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B41J29
IPC codes: B41J2, B41J29