Transmitter circuit for efficiently transmitting communication traffic via phase modulated carrier signals

Abstract: Transmitter for transmitting communication traffic via phase modulated carrier signals. The device provides for an efficient amplification of a phase modulated carrier signal using Class C amplifier (19) technology. An envelope function is applied to the carrier signal by modulating the Class C amplifier (19) with a related spectrum-suppressing amplitude envelope signal. Phase distortion accompanying the amplitude modulation of the Class C amplifier is compensated by generating a phase offset for the carrier signal. As each envelope function for suppressing the spectrum is generated, a corresponding phase offset may be applied to the carrier signal, avoiding the consequences of phase shift resulting from amplitude modulating the carrier signal in the Class C amplifier (19).

Description: The present invention relates to a transmitter for transmitting communication traffic from a subscriber to a base station by phase modulating a radio frequency carrier with said communication traffic. The invention relates further to an apparatus for efficiently amplifying a phase modulated carrier signal without phase distorting said signal. The present invention relates in general to remote communication systems. Specifically, an efficient transmitter is provided for phase modulating baseband data signals on a carrier signal, and amplifying the modulated signal using Class C amplifier technology. It has previously been known in remote geographical locations to connect telephone subscribers to a central office via a radio communication link. The subscribers transmit and receive telephone conversations over a carrier signal which may be a TDMA carrier signal operating in L band or UHF. A plurality of such subscribers may be located near each other on separate carriers and communicate with a base station. The base telephone station will interface the radio link with standard telephone trunk lines. In the past, certain constraints have been placed on these systems, vis a vis, the allowable bandwidth and protection against adjacent channel interference. The Federal Communications Commission has required that the signals occupy a limited bandwidth, and any sideband frequencies outside this bandwidth be suppressed to very low levels. In carrying out the foregoing communication system, baseband communication signals are phase or frequency modulated on a carrier signal. To meet the foregoing spectral requirements, this phase modulated signal is further envelope modulated with an amplitude modulation signal component. This signal component is related to the baseband data signal used for phase modulating, so that the net spectrum produced has the foregoing bandwidth limitations. In the past, the envelope function has been added to the phase modulated carrier at a low power level. Therefore, subsequent amplification stages have had linear amplification characteristics so as to preserve the envelope modulation signal while obtaining the required transmit power level. Using the linear amplification circuitry of these prior art devices has several drawbacks. First, as is well known, Class A amplification stages are very power-inefficient. Additionally, the cost of providing for Class A amplification stages, sufficiently linear to preserve the envelope, is undesirable. Given the foregoing disadvantages of using Class A amplification in these systems, the present invention has been implemented. The subject invention seeks to take advantage of Class C amplifiers for amplifying the required modulated signals to a power level sufficient to reliably communicate with a distant base station. Japanese Patent Abstract JP-A-61 52050 (Patent Abstracts of Japan, Vol. 10, No. 213 (E-422) (2269), July 25, 1986) discloses a phase modulator with a memory for compensation of the non-linearities of an amplifier in the subsequent transmission path. It does not deal with the specific problems and difficulties encountered when amplitude modulating a Class C amplifier and linearizing its phase. Class C amplifiers as such are described in French Patent Application FR-A-2 564 658. This document also relates to the compensation of the amplitude nonlinearities of such amplifiers. It discloses several circuits for analog amplitude linearization, see e.g. the environment of Fig. 4, but does not deal with phase linearization. In view of this, the transmitter mentioned at the outset comprises according to the invention: a carrier frequency generator; a phase modulating circuit for phase modulating a carrier frequency signal from said carrier generator with said communication traffic; a Class C power amplifier for efficiently amplifying said modulated carrier signal, and amplitude modulating said modulated carrier signal by controlling a power input voltage, said amplifier having a phase response which is substantially non-linear with respect to changes in said power input voltage; and means for adding a phase correction signal to said phase modulating circuit input which offsets phase changes which occur in response to changes in said power input voltage, thereby phase linearizing said amplifier. Further, according to the invention the apparatus mentioned at the outset comprises: a Class C amplifier for receiving said modulated carrier signal on an input thereof and for amplitude modulating the modulated carrier signal by controlling a power input voltage and having a phase response which is non-linear with respect to said amplitude modulating voltage; and means (13, 14, 17) for generating a correction signal for introducing a phase offset in said carrier signal phase in a direction opposite a phase offset in said amplifier phase response produced by said amplitude modulating voltage applied to said amplifier, whereby said amplifier signal produces an amplified modulated carrier signal without phase distortion. In general, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Abstract JP-A-61 52050 already discloses a transmitter with a carrier frequency generator, a phase modulating circuit for phase modulating a carrier frequency signal with data signals and a power amplifier for amplifying said modulated carrier signal, said amplifier having a non-linear phase response. Further provided are means for adding a phase correction signal to said phase modulating circuit. It is a primary advantage of this invention to provide a transmitter for transmitting communication traffic via a radio carrier to a base station. It is a more specific advantage of this invention to take advantage of Class C amplifier technology to efficiently amplify carrier signals modulated with digitized voice or data traffic without distorting the modulated information. These and other advantages of the invention are obtained through the use of a standard Class C amplifier which will amplify a constant amplitude, phase or frequency modulated carrier signal. The Class C amplifier, as is known, will not under normal circumstances faithfully reproduce an envelope modulated signal. In the present invention, the required amplitude modulation component for maintaining the transmit frequency spectrum within the foregoing FCC limits, is added in the Class C amplifier stage. Thus, linear amplification of an envelope modulated signal is avoided by providing the amplitude modulation function in the last Class C amplifier stage of the transmitter. In carrying out the invention, the Class C amplifiers provide for savings in power, as well as in the cost of providing the transmitter. The present invention will apply the amplitude modulated signal through circuitry which amplitude modulates the Class C amplifier. The effect of amplitude modulating the Class C amplifier normally introduces a phase response which changes non-linearly for the applied amplitude modulating envelope signal. The present invention will provide for correction of this non-linear phase response so that the amplified signal does not suffer from phase distortion which would otherwise diminish the quality of recovered communication signals. Description of the Figures Figure 1 illustrates the required frequency spectrum for remote communication station transmitters having the required adjacent channel frequency separation. Figure 2 illustrates a specific embodiment of the invention for using a Class C amplifier in the final amplification stages of the transmitter. Figure 3 illustrates the power output function of the Class C amplifier versus operating DC voltage. Figure 4 illustrates the non-linear phase response of the Class C amplifier versus operating DC voltage. Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a frequency versus amplitude spectrum plot for a typical modulated transmitted signal which typically carries digitized voice or data traffic from a remote station. The relative output carrier signal power level is shown on one axis with the total spectrum energy decreasing rapidly to a constant level which begins at approximately 11 KHz from the nominal carrier frequency. At this point, the attenuation of the spectrum components beyond this bandwidth are below the level specified by the FCC regulations. The represented spectrum plot is for a carrier signal which includes an envelope modulated component of approximately 80% modulation depth, as well as a PM modulated component containing the baseband traffic. The baseband telephone traffic has been suitably filtered to assist in maintaining the spectrum within the shown bandwidth of Figure 1. The solid line in Figure 1 illustrate the aforesaid FCC bandwidth limitation requirement. To achieve the foregoing spectral limitations, the AM component is added, not as an information-bearing signal, but as a spectrum-suppressing signal. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that a carrier signal modulated in phase or frequency will produce a frequency spectrum proportional to SINX X . The additional spectral sidebands which would normally extend out beyond the bandwidth shown, would exceed the limitations shown in Figure 1 such that adjacent channel interference may be experienced with other transmitters operating in the same location, or number of transmitters operating into a base station. Figure 2 illustrates a specific embodiment of the present invention which will provide a modulated carrier signal containing a spectrum within the confines of that shown in Figure 1. In this circuit, a Class C amplifier 19 is shown as the final amplification stage for the transmitted signal. This Class C amplification stage 19 includes a DC voltage input 19a which is suitable for amplitude modulating a carrier signal being amplified by the Class C amplifier. As is known to those skilled in the art, many Class C amplifiers can be used as amplitude modulators by applying a modulation voltage to the normal DC supply voltage input. Although the embodiment of Figure 2 was designed specifically to transmit digitized telephone traffic, it is clear that data services can also use similar apparatus to efficiently transmit these other services. The Class C amplifier 19 is fed with a carrier signal having a zero envelope function, modulated in phase with the digitized voice and data traffic. The foregoing system is useful in 16 PSK modulation format. This carrier signal is provided by a preamplifier 18 which can be a Class A amplifier of low power consumption to provide a low level of amplitude signal for the Class C amplification stage 19. Control over the transmitter output is effected by disabling the power amplifier 18 by power switch 27. The carrier signal is supplied through a carrier generator 16. The foregoing system can be adapted to many carrier frequencies, L-band and UHF frequencies have been found to work well in this application. The L-band frequencies are quite effective for short distance communication. It is clear that the teachings of the invention are applicable to other longer distance communcations at other frequencies. The L-band carrier signal is applied to a phase modulator 15. The phase modulator is a standard PSK phase modulator which, experience has dictated, will handle 16 KBPS data rates. The modulation signal for the PSK modulator 15 is received through a low pass filter 17. Low pass filter 17 will also aid in shaping the bandwidth spectrum, as required in Figure 1. The data signal 11 representing digitized telephone traffic to be phase modulated on the carrier is received in an interpolation network 12 which will provide for a digital baseband data signal carrying the voice content of a subscriber, and a corresponding amplitude modulation component which is used for shaping the envelope of the transmitted signal to maintain spectral bandwidth, as shown in Figure 1. The generation of both the phase modulating signal and amplitude modulating signal is identical as for the previously used systems where Class A amplification was used throughout. In the prior art telephone transmission devices, 16 PSK phase modulation was used to modulate the voice data on the carrier signal. As is known, the 16 PSK system has 16 stable phase states, each of which is capable of transmitting a data symbol or other representation of a voice sample. Associated with the voice symbol is an amplitude modulation signal. In changing phase states from any one of the 16 phase states to another phase state, an amplitude modulation function is generated. This amplitude modulation function increases as the phase shift between consecutive phase states increases. Thus, for 180° phase shift, an amplitude modulation signal component will be generated which is a substantially 100% modulation envelope function. When phase shifts of only 22½° are experienced, such as when the phase shift is between adjacent phase states of the 16 PSK function, only a minor amount of envelope modulation is needed to contain the spectrum. In applying these prior art spectrum-containing principles to the embodiment of Figure 2, it is necessary to have the envelope function phase aligned with the phase transitions experienced by the carrier containing the change in phase state produced by 16 PSK modulation. Phase equalization of the two modulation paths, i.e., the modulation path through phase modulator 15 and through amplitude modulation circuit 20, is accomplished by the present invention. As will be recognized from Figure 3, the amplitude modulation function versus DC power voltage changes in a non-linear manner. It is possible to program PROM 21 with a table which will linearize the function shown in Figure 3. Thus, when an amplitude modulation level is supplied by interpolation circuit 12, the PROM 21 will select the proper voltage to develope the precise envelope level for the transmitted signal. The phase alignment between the envelope and carrier signal phase is accomplished by programming into the representative data values of PROM 21 a component which reflects the difference in delay between modulation paths. Thus, PROM 21, when addressed with a data signal from the interpolation circuit 12, will produce a data value which includes a compensation of phase shift, as well as compensation for the non-linear amplitude versus input voltage response of Figure 3. Resulting digital data is converted in digital-to-analog converter 22, and an appropriate driver amplifier and low pass filter 24 further condition the signal for Class C amplifier 19. Class C amplifier 19 receives the operating DC voltage on an input, which is the amplitude modulation voltage. The amplitude modulation signal, as is evident from Figure 3, will cause the signal produced by amplifier 19 to include an envelope function which is proportional to the voltage appearing on terminal 19a. However, the Class C amplifier 19 includes the disadvantage of having a phase response which also changes with the applied DC voltage. As is evident from Figure 4, lower DC voltages, although providing the requisite amplitude function of Figure 3, will seriously distort the phase response through amplifier 19. This phase response will result in the phase modulation being masked with an additional phase modulation component imparted to the carrier signal by virtue of attempting to amplitude modulate the Class C amplifier. The present invention will compensate for this phase characteristic which changes as a result of applied DC voltage. Returning to Figure 2, there is shown an embodiment of the present invention which will correct for this measured phase change. The standard phase modulator 15, shown as a phase locked loop, which may encompass other modulator designs, receives the modulating voltage through a low pass filter 17. The carrier signal is supplied by carrier generator 16. A second PROM 13 includes digital data which will produce a given phase shift for the phase modulator 15. PROM 13 data is converted in digital-to-analog converter 14, the output of which is connected to low pass filter 17. The PROM 13 digital includes a component for identifying the amount of phase shift change to be effected in response to an input data signal, as well as a compensation component related to the phase shift imparted as a result of amplitude modulating Class C amplifier 19. As both the amplitude modulation signal and phase modulating signal are related, PROM 13 can include a phase offset value for each new phase state received from interpolation circuit 12. Thus, when a transition in 16 PSK is made from two consecutive phase states, the amount of phase shift offset needed will correspond to an amount of amplitude modulation required to suppress the spectrum. Thus, PROM 13 produces a data value for implementing the required phase shift for offsetting the amplifier 19 phase shift, as well as a required amount of phase shift to represent the phase state of the input data. It is therefore seen that the Class C amplifier 19 may be used to efficiently amplify and transmit the phase modulated carrier signal having a requisite envelope function modulated thereon. The transmitted signal will be contained within the required frequency spectrum. Additionally, the amplitude modulation on the Class C amplifier will not produce any consequential phase distortion of the input carrier signal bearing the telephone traffic as a phase modulation component. Thus, it is clear that the present invention provides for an improved transmitter having higher power efficiency and a lower net cost of manufacture as a result of employing this technology.

Claims: A transmitter for transmitting communication traffic from a subscriber to a base station by phase modulating a radio frequency carrier with said communication traffic, comprising: a carrier frequency generator (16); a phase modulating circuit (15) for phase modulating a carrier frequency signal from said carrier generator (16) with said communication traffic; a Class C power amplifier (19) for efficiently amplifying said modulated carrier signal, and amplitude modulating said modulated carrier signal by controlling a power input voltage, said amplifier (19) having a phase response which is substantially nonlinear with respect to changes in said power input voltage; and means (13, 14, 17) for adding a phase correction signal to said phase modulating circuit (15) input which offsets phase changes which occur in response to changes in said power input voltage, thereby phase linearizing said amplifier (19). The transmitter according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for supplying a phase correction signal comprises a PROM (13) containing a plurality of phase offsets. The transmitter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized by an amplitude modulating circuit (20) for amplitude modulating said Class C power amplifier with an envelope function related to changes in phase of said carrier frequency signal which suppresses sidebands produced from phase modulating said carrier. The transmitter according to claim 3, characterized in that said amplitude modulating circuit (20) includes a memory (21) containing modulating signal levels, and a power control circuit (23, 24, 19a) for modulating said Class C amplifier (19) output signal with said amplitude modulating signal levels. The transmitter according to claim 4, characterized in that said memory (21) is addressed by a digital representation of an envelope function for suppressing said phase modulated carrier signal bandwidth. The transmitter according to claim 1, for transmitting telephone traffic from a subscriber to a base station by phase modulating a radio frequency carrier signal with said telephone traffic, and for controlling the frequency spectrum of said carrier signal by amplitude modulating said carrier signal with a related signal, characterized by: said Class C amplifier (19) amplifying said phase modulated carrier frequency signal and amplitude modulating said carrier frequency signal with said related signal which suppresses side band components of said phase modulated carrier frequency signal; a modulating voltage generator (23, 24) connected to supply (19a) said amplitude modulating voltage to said Class C amplifier (19) in response to a signal representing said related signal; a first digital memory (13) for containing a plurality of modulation data, addressed by a signal representing said telephone traffic, said data including a phase offset for correcting phase shift included in said Class C amplifier as a result of said amplitude modulating voltage; and a digital to analog converter (14) connecting said memory (13) to a phase modulator (15) producing a signal for changing the phase of said carrier signal. The transmitter of claim 6, characterized by: a second digital memory (21) for containing digital representations of an amplitude modulation function, said memory (21) being addressed by said related signal; and a second digital to analog converter (22) connected to said second digital memory (21) for generating an amplitude modulating signal for said modulating voltage generator (23, 24). The transmitter of claim 7, characterized in that said second digital memory (21) digital representations include a phase equalizing component for phase aligning said envelope function with phase modulation on said carrier signal. The transmitter of claim 7, characterized in that said second digital memory (21) digital representation includes a component for linearizing the amplitude modulation response of said Class C amplifier (19). An apparatus for efficiently amplifying a phase modulated carrier signal without phase distorting said signal, comprising: a Class C amplifier (19) for receiving said modulated carrier signal on an input thereof and for amplitude modulating the modulated carrier signal by controlling a power input voltage and having a phase response which is non-linear with respect to said amplitude modulating voltage; and means (13, 14, 17) for generating a correction signal for introducing a phase offset in said carrier signal phase in a direction opposite a phase offset in said amplifier (19) phase response produced by said amplitude modulating voltage applied to said amplifier (19), whereby said amplifier signal produces an amplified modulated carrier signal without phase distortion. The apparatus of claim 10, characterized in that said means (13, 14, 17) for generating a correction signal comprises: a memory (13) containing a plurality of digital correction values which is addressed by a phase modulating signal, said memory (13) having stored therein values of phase modulation data which includes a phase offset for correcting for said non-linear phase response; and a digital to analog voltage converter (14) connected to receive said memory values, and generate a control voltage for phase modulating whereby said phase is linearized for varying amplitude modulation voltage signal levels. The apparatus of claim 11, characterized by a linear amplifier (18) for supplying said phase modulated carrier signal to said input of said amplifier (19) operating in a Class C mode.

Inventors: ERNST GREGORY JOHN, FRALEY DANIEL MCCREIGHT JR, ERNST, GREGORY JOHN, FRALEY, DANIEL MCCREIGHT, JR.
Applicants: HUGHES NETWORK SYSTEMS, HUGHES NETWORK SYSTEMS, INC. (A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
Application year: 1989
Main classification: H04L27
IPC codes: H04L27, H04B1, H03C5, H03C3, H03G3, H03F1