INSULATION OF FLAT ROOFS AND SIMULTANEOUS CONSTRUCTION OF A GRADIENT FOR POSITIVE DRAINAGE OF THE ROOFING PLACED ON THE INSULATION

Abstract: Insulation of flat roofs and simultaneous construction of a gradient for positive drainage of the roofing placed on the insulation, said gradient being perpendicular to the outer edges of the roof and running in two directions perpendicularly to one another, and where between the differently angled falls border lines are running from the corners of the roof towards the centre line of the roof, said insulation comprising rectangular elements having an oblique surface corresponding to the gradient of the roof. In order to provide a roof insulation, by means of which and by use of only a few standardized elements an insulation layer with a gradient may be obtained without any cutting during the laying out, said gradient either running from the middle of the roof and towards its edge or the other way round from the edge of the roof towards the middle to a drain, the insulation is characteristic in that the rectangular elements are arranged in rows parallel to the edges of the roofs in such a way that at the border lines, where the lengths running perpendicularly to one another meet, one of these rows adjoins these border lines with one of the highest corners of the elements, elements being arranged in another row running parallel to the first row, and that along the border line a number of rectangular, triangular adjusting elements are arranged in a jagged pattern on top of the elements, the hypotenuse of which runs along the border line and the two other sides of which are made of side faces in the shape of an acute triangle, the side edge opposite the acute angle having a length, which corresponds to the difference in thickness between the thicker and the thinner part of the rectangular element.

Description: Insulation of flat roofs and simultaneous construction of a gradient for positive drainage of the roofing placed on the insulation. The present invention relates to insulation of flat roofs and simultaneous construction of a gradient for postive drainage of the roofing placed on the insulation, said gradient being perpendicular to the outer edges of the roof and running in two directions perpendicularly to one another, and where, between the differently angled gradients, border lines are running from the corners of the roof towards the centre line of the roof, said insulation comprising rectangular elements having an oblique surface corresponding to the gradient of the roof and a different thickness at their respective ends. Roof gradients of the above kind are often called envelope gradients, because the border lines form a pattern on the roofing like the one made by the folded edges of an envelope. Such a gradient is often used on buildings, which were originally constructed with a completely flat roof, and where in the centre of the roofing a drain for water was placed, the outlet being in the interior of the building. In connection with roof repairs an insulation layer of sheets is placed on top of the original roofing, which sheets have not only been cut in such a way that they can cover the roofing area, but which are also cut in the shape of a wedge, making it possible to give the insulation after it been laid out an even gradient towards the drain. If a proper envelope gradient is to be built, in which the border lines run from the corners of the roofing to the drain, an individual cutting of an essential part of the sheets forming the insulation layer is required. The individual cutting is costly, both in connection with the cutting process as well as during the placing, where it is necessary to make sure that the sheets are placed correctly and not mixed up. If one or more of the sheets are damaged during transport or during the placing, it will be complicated to get a replacement sheet. On account of the recently introduced stricter rules for work in connection with the laying out of insulation materials containing synthetic mineral fibres, the insulation materials should be of the kind not requiring adjustment on the place, where they are placed, or such an adjustment should at least be reduced to a minimum. These rules prevent any manual shaping or adjustment of * standardized elements on the place, where they are to be laid out, as it is required in practice that the normal shaping should take place under controlled, industrial conditions, where effective precautions against undesirable dust can be taken. It is the object of the present invention to provide a roof insulation, where by means of a number of standardized elements an insulation layer with a gradient can be constructed without any cutting during the placing, said gradient running either from the centre of the roof against the edge or the other way round from the edge of the roof towards the centre to a drain. The number of different elements should be small, and the placing should be possible according to a simple and foreseable system in order to avoid cutting of elements at the building site, but it should also be possible to replace damaged elements by adjusting standardized elements through simple shortening at right angles without any waste and without the use of dust- producing mechanical tools. The object of the invention is met by means of an insulation, which is characteristic by the subject matter of the characterizing clause of claim 1. In addition to one or maybe two sets of rectangular elements, which can be put together for the formation of a gradient, only one special, triangular adjusting element will be needed for the formation of even roofing areas around the border lines between the roofing areas, and, if necessary, a plane infilling element to be placed on top of the rectangular elements. There is in particular no need for cutting the rectangular elements along oblique lines and only a slight need for a preceding marking of the elements. Thereby a great flexibility is ensured during the carrying out of the insulation work at the building site. The simplest form of insulation is achieved according to a preferred embodiment of the invention when the rows in the two directions running perpendicularly to each other have the same width, and when the adjusting elements are in the shape of an isosceles triangle. According to this embodiment the border lines will run under an angle of 45 in relation to the edges of the roof, which, when it is a question of rectangular buildings, often results in a ridge or a valley in the middle of the roof. It is, however, possible also to use the insulation in connection with roofs, whose gradient is differing in the two directions running perpendicularly to each other. It is in particular advantageous to distribute the gradient of the rows in one of the directions on two sets of rectangular elements having the same dimensions as the elements in the rows running perpendicularly thereto, and also that the adjusting elements are isosceles triangles, the two sides of which are twice as long as the third one. According to the invention the insulation for roofs having a gradient towards the centre of the roof is characteristic by the subject matter of claim 4, and the insulation for roofs having a gradient towards the edge of the roof is characteristic by means of the subject matter of claim 5. The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 shows a building with a roof having an envelope gradient seen from above, . fig. 2 shows the placing on the roof of insulation elements according to the invention, fig. 3 shows a section of the roof according to fig. 2 in an oblique depiction, fig. 4 shows in oblique depiction a corner of a roof with a gradient from the middle towards its edges after the placing of the rectangular elements and before the placing of the adjusting and infilling elements, and fig. 5 shows in a depiction corresponding to fig. 4 a corner of a roof after the adjusting and infilling elements have been placed. Fig. 1 shows a building seen from above with a roofing 1. The roofing can be found on an exisisting building, which has been constructed with a plane and flat roof, and where a new roof is desired, said rooof having a gradient towards a drain 2 placed centrally on the roof for collecting the water falling on the roof. Simultaneously with the establishing of the new roof with a gradient, it is desired to improve the thermal insulation of the roofing. The roof may, however, also be on a new building, where the bearing construction forms a plane supporting surface, on which the roofing and at least a part of the thermal insulation of the roof is to be placed. Also in this case it is desired to drain off water through a drain placed centrally. In such cases the so-called envelope gradient is used, according to which the roof is divided into surfaces 3,4 having a gradient from the outer edge of the roofing towards the centre thereof as indicated by the arrows 5. These surfaces adjoin at border lines 6 and at a possible valley 7 used i rectangular buildings. If the same gradient is used for the division surfaces 3 and 4, the border lines will form an angle V of 45° to the outer dimensions of the building, and this is a prerequisite for the roof insulation according to the invention described in the following. However, the invention can be modified in such a way that it can also be used in connection with different gradients in the directions running perpendicularly to each other. It is in particular advantageous if the gradients in the two directions form a multiple with each other. In the roof insulation according to the invention rectangular, wedge-shaped insulation sheets 21,22,23 are used, said sheets being laid out as shown in fig. 2. The wedge-shape of the insulation sheets is adjusted in such a way that when the sheets are placed on a plane, horizontal surface, the desired gradient is obtained, and the sheets


Inventors: NIELSEN HENNING, THOMSEN BO, NIELSEN, HENNING, THOMSEN, BO
Applicants: ROCKWOOL INT, ROCKWOOL INTERNATIONAL A/S
Application year: 1989
Main classification: E04D13
IPC codes: E04B7, E04D13