CYLINDER LINER COOLING SYSTEM

Abstract: In accordance with a cooling method of a cylinder liner of an engine of the present invention, an insulating layer (5) consisting of a toroidal groove (1c) is formed near the upper part of a cylinder liner (2) disposed inside a cylinder block (1) in such a manner as to gently encompass the upper part of the cylinder liner so that the wall temperature of the upper part of the cylinder liner (2) is raised positively. A water jacket (4) having a progressively decreasing sectional area from the lower part to the center of the cylinder liner (2) is formed in a cylinder block at the portion below the `center of the cylinder liner (2), and cooling water is caused to flow from below to above inside the water jacket (4).

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates generally to a method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners in an engine. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners arranged mainly in the cylinder block of a diesel engine. BACKGROUND ART In general, to cool a plurality of cylinder liners in a water-cooling type diesel engine, a water jacket is formed in the region in the vicinity of each cylinder liner arranged in a cylinder block so as to allow a coolant to be pumped to the water jacket. As the cylinder liners are conventionally cooled, distribution of a temperature on the wall surface of each cylinder liner generally varies as represented by a curve A in Fig. 2. With respect to the configuration of a water jacket for a comparatively small-sized diesel engine having a piston displacement smaller than five liters, a sectional configuration of the water jacket is dimensioned to have a narrower width W more and more toward the upper part thereof, i.e., the cylinder head side, as shown in a sectional view in Fig. 5. It should be noted that formation of the sectional configuration of the water jacket having a narrower width W more and more toward the upper part thereof in the above-described manner has been hitherto disclosed in an official gazette of, e.g., Japanese Laid-Open Utility Model NO. 153843/1985. To assure that an engine generates a large magnitude of output with a supercharged intake air with the aid of a supercharger or the like means, a proposal has been already made such that each cylinder liner is molded of a ceramic material or the like material so as to thermally insulate the whole cylinder liner. With respect to the engine constructed in the above-described manner, a temperature on the wall surface of each cylinder liner is distributed as represented by a curve B in Fig. 2. As is apparent from the curve B, the wall temperature is elevated not only at the upper part of the cylinder liner but also in the region extending from the central part toward the lower part of the cylinder liner. A relationship between a temperature on the wall surface of each cylinder liner and a quantity of consumption of a lubricant oil is generally represented by a graph in Fig. 4. It has been found that the quantity of consumption of a lubricant oil is increased in substantial proportion to elevation of the temperature on the wall surface of each cylinder. For this reason, with respect to the aforementioned engine adapted to generate a large magnitude of output with a supercharged intake air with the aid of a supercharger or the like means while the whole cylinder liner is thermally insulated, there arises a malfunction that the quantity of consumption of a lubricant oil increases because of the elevated temperature of the whole cylinder liner. In addition, since an intake air is increasingly heated and expanded as a temperature of the whole cylinder liner is elevated, there arise another malfunctions that an intake air charging efficiency is degraded, properties in respect of a color of exhaust gas and a quality of particulates are deteriorated and moreover a quantity of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) increases due to elevation of a combustion temperature associated with elevation of a temperature on the wall surface of each cylinder liner at the end of a compression stroke. On the other hand, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 6, a cooling system for a small-sized engine having a piston displacement smaller than five liters is constructed such that a coolant delivered from a water pump P is supplied to a water jacket c formed around a fore cylinder liner b, the coolant is then supplied to an intermediate cylinder liner b from the fore cylinder liner b and the coolant is finally supplied to a rear cylinder liner b from the intermediate cylinder liner b. It should be noted that among outlet ports on a cylinder block d each communicated with a cylinder head (not shown) a rearmost outlet port e' has a cross-sectional flow passage area twice that of other outlet ports e. However, with respect to the cooling system shown in Fig. 6, since the fore cylinder liner b is sufficiently cooled by the coolant but the intermediate cylinder liner b and the rear cylinder liner b are insufficiently cooled by the warm coolant of which temperature has been elevated, there arises a malfunction that a temperature on the wall surface of each of the cylinder liners b located behind the fore cylinder liner b is elevated undesirably. For this reason, the conventional cooling system can not be employed especially for a large-sized engine adapted to generate a large magnitude of output. Additionally, in a case the water jacket c is dimensioned to have a width W which is narrowed more and more toward the upper part thereof as shown in Fig. 5, when a cooling system is constructed such that a coolant flows from the fore side toward the rear side of an engine like the cooling system shown in Fig. 6, there arises another malfunction that the coolant flows at a lower speed in the region where the water jacket c has a narrower width, resulting in that the cooling efficiency is degraded. US-A-4 284 037 describes a cylinder cooling system wherein each cylinder liner is surrounded by a cooling jacket configured as a circular chamber having a rounded upper and a rounded lower end. The water jackets of the cylinders are connected to a water manifold formed in the side portion of the cylinder block. This structure of the cooling system results in the above-mentioned effects of the prior art cooling systems. The present invention has been made with the foregoing background in mind and its object resides in providing a cylinder liner cooling system in an engine, wherein the cooling efficiency of the cylinder liners is improved, the intake air charging efficiency is improved, properties in respect of a color of exhaust gas and a quality of particulates are improved and moreover the quantity of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the exhaust gas is reduced substantially. The cylinder liner cooling system of the present invention is defined by claim 1. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a perspective view which schematically illustrates arrangement of a number of coolant flow passages employable for practicing a method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners in an engine in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of the engine which shows essential components required for practicing the method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) are a perspective view of a cylinder liner which schematically illustrates a flow passage around the cylinder liner by way of which a coolant flows in the upward direction, respectively. Fig. 4 is a graph which illustrates a relationship between a temperature on the wall surface of each cylinder liner and a quantity of consumption of a lubricant oil. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of an engine to which a conventional method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners in the engine is applied. Fig. 6 is a perspective view which schematically illustrates arrangement of a plurality of coolant flow passages employable for practicing the conventional method. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Now, the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a perspective view which schematically illustrates arrangement of a number of flow passages for practicing a method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners in an engine in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention. Especially, the drawing illustrates a case where the method of the present invention is applied to a multicylinder engine having a plurality of cylinders arranged in parallel with each other. As is apparent from the drawing, plural cylinder liners 2 (four cylinder liners) are arranged in a cylinder block 1 in accordance with the shown order as viewed from the front side to the rear side of the engine. A coolant is discharged from a water pump 3. As the water pump 3 is driven, the coolant enters inlet ports 1d on a water manifold 1a which are formed at the positions located along the side wall of the cylinder block 1 in the longitudinal direction of the same. Flow passages for the coolant extending from the inlet ports 1d are divided into a plurality of branch passages of which number corresponds to the number of cylinder liners 2 so as to allow the coolant to flow in water jackets 4 which are formed around each cylinder liner 2. As shown in Fig. 2, each water jacket 4 is formed such that its sectional area is gradually reduced from the lower part to the upper part of the water jacket 4. The coolant which has flowed in the water jacket 4 from the lower side thereof rises in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder liner 2 while spirally turning around the wall surface of the cylinder liner 4, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 3(a). Alternatively, the coolant straightly rises along the wall surface of the cylinder liner in the upward direction, as illustrated in Fig. 3(b). As the coolant flows upwardly in that way, each cylinder liner 2 is cooled by the coolant which flows at a substantially same flow rate. When the coolant reaches the upper part of the cylinder block 1, it is then delivered to a cylinder head (not shown) via a plurality of outlet ports 1b each having a substantially same sectional opening area, as shown in Fig. 1. In addition, as shown in Fig. 2, a thermal insulating layer 5 in the shape of an annular groove is formed in the region in the vicinity of the upper end of each cylinder liner 2 while surrounding the periphery of the cylinder liner 2. The thermal insulating layer 5 is arranged to thermally insulate the region in the vicinity of the upper dead point of the cylinder liner so as to positively elevate a temperature on the wall surface of the cylinder liner in the vicinity of the upper dead point. To this end, an annular groove 1c is formed in the cylinder block 1 in the concentrical relationship relative to the cylinder liner 2 to accomplish thermal insulation at the upper part of the cylinder liner 2 in the presence of an air layer in the annular groove 1c. Next, a method of cooling the cylinder liners 2 each constructed in the above-described manner will be described below. Additionally, the construction of each cylinder liner 2 will be described in more detail in the following manner. As shown in Fig. 1, the coolant delivered from the water pump 3 flows in the water manifold 1a. Then, the coolant which has flowed in the water manifold 1a is divided into branch flows at the inlet ports 1d which are communicated with the lower parts of the water jackets 4. Thus, each branch flow of the coolant is pumped to the lower part of each water jacket 4 at a substantially same flow rate. As illustrated in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), the coolant which has been pumped to the lower part of each water jacket 4 rises along the wall surface of the cylinder liner 2 while cooling the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder liner 2. As shown in Fig. 2, the water jacket 4 is formed such that its sectional area is gradually reduced from the lower part toward the upper part of the water jacket 4. For this reason, a flow speed of the coolant which has been pumped in the water jacket 4 is accelerated as the coolant rises toward the upper part of the water jacket 4. As a result, as represented by a curve C in the graph in Fig. 2, a temperature on the wall surface of the cylinder liner 2 is largely lowered in the region ranging from the central part to the lower part of the cylinder liner 2. This means that the cylinder liner 2 is cooled by the coolant at an improved cooling efficiency and the wall temperature is maintained at a low level with uniform distribution thereof even in a case where the engine generates a large magnitude of output. On the other hand, since the upper part of the cylinder liner 2 is thermally insulated by the thermal insulating layer 5 as shown in Fig. 2, a temperature in the region in the vicinity of the upper side of the cylinder liner 2 is largely elevated (as represented by the curve C in the graph in the drawing). Additionally, the coolant which has reached the upper part of the water jacket 4 as shown in Fig. 1 flows in the cylinder head (not shown) via a plurality of outlet ports 1b which are formed on the upper surface of the cylinder block 1, whereby the cylinder head is cooled by the coolant. As described above, according to the present invention, the method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners in an engine is practiced such that a thermal insulating layer is formed in the region in the vicinity of the upper part of each cylinder liner while surrounding the cylinder liner in order to thermally insulate the upper part of the cylinder liner. Thus, the wall temperature at the upper part of the cylinder liner is substantially elevated, whereby a period of delayed ignition can be shortened and a combustion temperature can substantially be lowered by virtue of the reduction of heat release for an initial period of combustion. This leads to the result that a quantity of nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas can be reduced. Further, since a temperature on the wall surface of the cylinder liner is maintained at a possibly low level in the region ranging from the central part to the lower part of the cylinder liner, each cylinder is filled with an intake air at a high charging efficiency, resulting in an air excess rate being improved. Consequently, an occurrence of malfunction such as deterioration of a color of the exhaust gas and deterioration of particulates in the exhaust gas can be prevented. Since a smaller quantity of lubricant oil is evaporated from the wall surface of each cylinder liner, a quantity of consumption of the lubricant oil can be reduced. In addition, since a cooling loss is reduced by suppressing escape of a thermal energy to the cooling system, the cooling system can be constructed in smaller dimensions in contrast with the conventional cooling system. This leads to excellent advantageous effects that a mechanical loss can be reduced and the engine can be operated with a reduced fuel consumption cost. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The method of cooling a plurality of cylinder liners in an engine according to the present invention is preferably employable for an engine which requires that a quantity of consumption of a lubricant oil is reduced, an intake air charging efficiency is improved, properties in respect of a color of exhaust gas and a quality of particulates are improved and moreover generation of nitrogen oxides is reduced substantially.

Claims: A cylinder liner cooling system in an engine, comprising: a plurality of cylinder liners (2) juxtaposed within a cylinder block (1); a plurality of water jackets (4), each being configured for independently surrounding each cylinder liner (2) and having an inlet port (1d) formed on the side wall at the lower portion of the cylinder block for intaking a coolant water and having a plurality of outlet ports (1b) formed on the upper wall of the cylinder block; and a water manifold (1a) formed on the side portion of the cylinder block (1), for introducing the coolant water into each inlet port (1d) of each of the plurality of water jackets; characterized in that the water jackets (4) have a cross sectional area which becomes smaller from the lower part to the upper part of the water jacket, and thermal insulating layers (5) are formed in the cylinder block (1) in the vicinity of the upper part of each of the plurality of cylinder liners, for elevating the temperature of the wall surface of each cylinder liner at the upper part of the same. The cylinder liner cooling system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulating layer (5) is a circular groove (1c) formed in the cylinder block (1) so as to encircle the cylinder liner.

Inventors: OZAWA, GODO, OZAWA, Godo, c/o K.K. Komatsu Seisakusho
Applicants: KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOMATSU SEISAKUSHO
Application year: 1989
Main classification: F01P3
IPC codes: F01P3, F02F1