Oxygen absorbing thermoplastic resin sheet

Abstract: An oxygen absorbing sheet is obtained by molding a resin composition comprising from 15 to 70% by weight of a thermo­ plastic resin and from 30 to 85% by weight of an oxygen absorbent into a sheet having a thickness of from 10µm to 5µm and stretching the sheet at least uniaxially at a stretch ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0. The absorbent is an iron powder, preferably of particle size 0.1-100µm and preferably with a halide, carbonate, sulfate or hydroxide in amount of 0.1 to 10 wt % of the total absorbent. The resin is preferably a copolymer of ethylene and a C4-12 alpha -olefin, a copolymer of ethylene and/or butene-1 and propylene, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate and/or a (meth)-acrylic ester, or a metal salt of a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid. The composition can be shaped by extrusion or calendering and stretched by roll or tubular stretching uniaxially or biaxially (successively or simultaneously). The oxygen absorbing sheet is easy to handle, and its oxygen absorption capacity is controllable as desired.

Description: This invention relates to an oxygen absorbing sheet and, more particularly, to an oxygen absorbing sheet which is easy to handle and can have its oxygen absorption capacity controlled. Disoxidants, i.e., oxygen absorbents, are widely employed for oxygen removal in various fields in preservation of foods and other products in which the presence of oxygen is not desired. For example, an iron powder as disclosed in JP-A-62-234544 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application) has been of frequent use as oxygen absorbent. However, a powdered oxygen absorbent, especially a fine powder, readily absorbs oxygen in air. In particular, iron-based oxygen absorbents are difficult to handle due to spontaneous combustibility. JP-B-62-54704 (the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined published Japanese patent application") proposes a method of packaging a powdered oxygen absorbent with an air-permeable material. There remains a problem, however, that the powder leaks out unless it is completely sealed in. Further, from the fact that an oxygen absorbent conducts oxygen absorption from the surface of the air-permeable packaging material and undergoes reaction and hardening on the surface portion of the powder mass, it is not expected that the absorption reaction proceeds to the inside of the powder mass. As a result, oxygen absorbency cannot be manifested in proportion to the amount of the filled absorbent, thus failing to sufficiently control the rate of oxygen absorption. JP-A-55-116436 also proposes a method of packaging an oxygen absorbent. However, this method not only encounters extreme difficulty in precisely and speedily packaging a small amount of an oxygen absorbent but also requires an expensive automatic filling and packaging machine. In addition, since such packaged oxygen absorbents are packed together with foods in many cases, cases may occur in which the oxygen absorbent is eaten by mistake. Oxygen absorbents of the sheet type include a sheet prepared from a blend of an activated iron oxide oxygen absorbent and a thermoplastic resin, e.g., polyethylene, as disclosed in JP-A-55-44344; a porous sheet or film base with its pores filled with an oxygen absorbent as disclosed in JP-A-55-109428; and a foamed polyurethane sheet having continuous cells in which an oxygen absorbent powder is buried as disclosed in JP-A-60-183373. However, the oxygen absorbent of sheet type comprising a thermoplastic resin and an oxygen absorbent does not always exhibit sufficient oxygen absorbency. Further, the oxygen-absorbent of a porous sheet or film base has disadvantages in that the absorbent filled into pores of the porous base is easily released if handled, and provision of an air-permeable film for prevention of such a release increases the cost. Furthermore, the oxygen-absorbent of foamed polyurethane sheet has disadvantages that it is difficult to stably obtain a continuous cellular structure on an industrial scale, and materials per se are too expensive for practical use. JP-A-60158257 describes an oxygen-absorbing sheet obtained by moulding a resin composition comprising a low density polyethylene, iron powder of particle size less than 74 µm and sodium chloride (an electrolyte) into a sheet of thickness 200 µm. There is no disclosure of a copolymer with an alpha-olefin or of stretching the sheet. JP-A-60139335 describes a carbon-dioxide absorbing sheet obtained by moulding a resin composition comprising polyethylene and slaked lime and a coupling agent, and stretching the sheet at least uniaxially at a ratio of 1.1 to 4. The sheet is not described as having particles therein and the stretching thereof will have a different effect to that of stretching a sheet containing iron particles. An object of this invention is to provide an oxygen-absorbing sheet which is easy to handle, allows no leakage of oxygen absorbent, can have its oxygen absorption capacity controlled as desired, requires no technically delicate step of filling and packaging, and is prevented from being eaten by mistake. According to this invention this is accomplished by mixing an oxygen absorbent and a thermoplastic resin, molding the mixture in a molten state to obtain a film, and stretching the film under specific conditions. The oxygen-absorbing sheet of the invention is obtained by molding a resin composition comprising by weight (a) from 15 to 70% of a thermoplastic resin containing at least 10% by weight based on the weight of the composition consisting of the resin (a) and absorbant (b) of a copolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms which copolymer has a density of from 0.870 to 0.915 g/cm³ and contains from 18 to 45% by weight of a component which is xylene-extractable at 25°C and whose weight average molecular chain length is from 100 to 900 nm and (b) from 30 to 85% of an oxygen-absorbent comprising by weight (i) from 90 to 99.9% of an iron powder having a particle size of from 0.1 to 100 µm and a specific surface area of 1000 cm²/g or more and (ii) from 0.1 to 10% of an electrolyte, the electrolyte being adhered on the surface of the iron particles; the composition being molded into a sheet having a thickness of from 10 µm to 5 mm and the sheet being stretched at least uniaxially at a stretching ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0. The oxygen-absorbing sheet of this invention is characterized by its small voids (microvoids) formed by stretching a film or sheet comprising a thermoplastic resin having uniformly dispersed therein an oxygen-absorbent by melt-kneading under specific stretching conditions. In the stretched sheet, since the uniformly dispersed oxygen-absorbent is in contact with air through the microvoids, it effectively absorbs oxygen in air. The iron powder used usually contains from 0.1 to 20% by weight of iron-based secondary components, such as iron carbide and iron oxides, chiefly on its surface. The iron powder has a particle size of from 0.1 to 100 µm, preferably from 1 to 50 µm. Too large a particle size not only decreases the specific surface area, which reduces oxygen-absorption, but makes it impossible to form a thin film. On the other hand, too small a particle size reduces its dispersibility in the thermoplastic resin. Moreover, a fine iron powder is not easily available in an industrially stable manner. The iron powder has a specific surface area of 1000 cm²/g or more, preferably 5000 cm²/g or more. Accordingly, the most suitable shape of the iron powder is a porous or nearly porous shape. Electrolytes which can be used in the present invention function to accelerate the rate of oxygen absorption of an iron powder and include halides, carbonates, sulfates and hydroxides. Preferred of them are halides, with calcium chloride, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride being more preferred. The electrolyte is used as adhered on the iron powder surface. The electrolyte is used in an amount of from 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the sum of the iron powder and the electrolyte. Where it is used as adhered or coated on the iron powder surface, the most practical amount ranges from 0.1 to 5% by weight. If the amount of the electrolyte exceeds 10% by weight, the oxygen-absorbing sheet excessively absorbs moisture, getting wetted with water so as to lose commercial value. The oxygen-absorbing sheet according to this invention is characterised by ease in handling because it does not absorb substantial oxygen at a low humidity but absorbs oxygen in the presence of a sufficient water content, for example, in air having a relative humidity of 50% or higher. The oxygen absorbing sheet of the invention comprises from 30 to 85% by weight of the above-described oxygen absorbent. If the content of the oxygen absorbent is less than 30% by weight, formation of microvoids is insufficient so that those microvoids connecting to the atmosphere are reduced in number. As a result, the oxygen absorption capacity in the atmosphere becomes too low to be of practical use. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 85% by weight, the resulting sheet is considerably brittle and not suitable for practical use. Thermoplastic resins which can be used in the present invention include low-density branched polyethylene obtained by the high-pressure process, copolymers of ethylene and an α olefin having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, high-density polyethylene, random or block copolymers of ethylene and/or butene-1 and propylene, propylene homopolymers, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate and/or a (meth)acrylic ester, metal salts of copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Preferred among them are copolymers of ethylene and an α-olefin having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, random or block copolymers of ethylene and/or butene-1 and propylene, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate and/or a (meth)acrylic ester, and metal salts of copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid. The thermoplastic resin containing at least 10% by weight of the composition of the very low-density polyethylene as claimed exhibits satisfactory dispersibility on melt-kneading with an oxygen-absorbent, to provide a sheet which can be stretched at a high stretch ratio with excellent stretchability. The very low-density polyethylene can be prepared by known techniques as described, e.g., in JP-A-56-99209 and JP-A-59-230011. The thickness of an unstretched sheet comprising the thermoplastic resin and the oxygen-absorbent varies depending on the end use within the ranges of 10 µm to 5 mm. If it is less than 10 µm, case are met in which an extremely large area of an oxygen-absorbing sheet must be used in order to obtain a desired oxygen-absorption capacity and then the oxygen-absorbing sheet would stand out prominently from the content, e.g., foods, of packages. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5 mm, uniform heating of the sheet for stretching is difficult, failing to conduct uniform stretching, or a stretching stress becomes so high that stretching cannot be carried out with an ordinary stretching device. The sheet comprising the thermoplastic resin and the oxygen absorbent is then stretched at a stretch ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0. If the stretch ratio is less than 1.5, formation of microvoids is insufficient, and the uniformly dispersed oxygen absorbent cannot be brought into sufficient contact with air, resulting in a failure to attain an oxygen absorption capacity sufficient for practical use. If the stretch ratio exceeds 8.0, the resulting stretched sheet has seriously reduced film strength, such as tear strength, and is easily broken on application of a slight outer force and, therefore, is unsuitable for practical use. The stretching temperature is set at a temperature lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin by at least 5°C. For example, in using polyolefin resins, stretching is usually carried out at a temperature of from room temperature to about 70°C. If desired, the composition for obtaining an oxygen absorbing sheet of the present invention may further comprise additives, such as antioxidants, dispersing agents, antistatic agents, deodorizers, and bactericides, in such amounts that do not substantially affect the effects of the present invention. An example of methods for producing the oxygen absorbing sheet according to the present invention are illustrated below. A thermoplastic resin and an oxygen absorbent are mixed or kneaded in a usual manner by means of rolls, a Banbury mixer, or a single-screw or twin-screw extruder to prepare a composition. The composition is molded in a usual manner, for example, blown-film extrusion, calendering, or T-die extrusion, to obtain a film or a sheet, which is then stretched uniaxially or biaxially. Uniaxial stretching is preferably effected by roll stretching or may be effected by tubular stretching. Biaxial stretching may be performed by simultaneous biaxial stretching or successive biaxial stretching comprising longitudinal stretching followed by transverse stretching. Thus, the oxygen absorbing sheet of the present invention is produced through two steps: film or sheet formation from the resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and an oxygen absorbent, and stretching of the film or sheet. These two steps may be conducted either separately or continuously. The present invention is now illustrated in greater detail by way of the following examples, wherein the percentages and parts are given by weight unless otherwise indicated. In the Examples and Comparative Examples, various physical properties were measured as follows. 1) Rate of Oxygen Absorption: An oxygen absorbing sheet weighing 3.7 g per liter of air was placed in a sealed container. An average rate of oxygen absorption (cm³/h) was obtained by measuring the amount of oxygen absorbed within the initial 4 hours. The sealed container used is a graduated glass cylinder standing upright on a water surface, which is so designed that the water level rises by the volume corresponding to the volume of oxygen absorbed. 2) Weight Average Molecular Chain Length: A weight average molecular chain length of a xylene extractable content at 25°C (hereinafter referred to as cold xylene soluble content, abbreviated as CXS) was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following conditions: Chromatograph: "Model 811" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation Column: GMH 6-HD (two columns) Measurement Temperature: 130°C Standard: polystyrene 3) Density: Densities of resins were measured at 23°C by means of a density-gradient tube in accordance with JIS K6760-1981. 4) Melt Flow Rate (MFR): Measured in accordance with JIS K6760-1981. 5) Specific Surface Area: A sample weighing about 0.3 g was put in an adsorption sample tube and heated at 200°C for 20 minutes in a stream (30 mℓ/min) of a mixed gas comprising 30 vol% of nitrogen and 70 vol% of helium. After being allowed to cool, the sample tube was placed in liquid nitrogen at about -196°C, and the nitrogen gas adsorption was obtained as an adsorption (V) at 22°C under 1 bar. The absorption V was inserted in the equation shown below which was obtained by approximation of BET equation to calculate a total surface area (St; m²) of the sample. St = 2.84 x V A specific surface area (S; m²/g) was obtained by dividing the total surface area (St) by the weight of the sample (W) [S = St/W] . EXAMPLE 1 Twenty-five percent of an ethylene-butene-1 copolymer as a linear low-density polyethylene (CXS content: 21%; weight average molecular chain length of CXS: 370 nm (3700 Å); density: 0.900 g/cm³; MFR: 1.8 g/10 min) (hereinafter referred to as A-1), 75% of an iron powder (average particle size: 40 µm; specific surface area: 90000 cm²/g) comprising 85% of Fe, 9% of Fe₃C and 6% of FeO and containing, as an electrolyte, 1% of calcium chloride, and 1.0 part, per 100 parts of the resin composition (i.e., A-1 plus iron powder), of zinc stearate as a dispersing agent were previously mixed in a tumbler mixer "Model MT 50" (manufactured by Morita Seiki K. K.). The mixture was further kneaded in a Banbury mixer "Model BR" (manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd.) at 120 to 150°C for 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was kneaded in a 65 mm extruder (manufactured by Minami Senju Seisakusho K.K.) and extruded from a T-die (die width: 700 mm; lip clearance: 0.7 mm) to obtain a 1 mm thick sheet (extrusion temperature: 250°C at cylinder 1; 280°C at cylinders 2 and 3, head, and die). The sheet was stretched 3.2 times at 60°C in the machine direction using stretching rolls manufactured by The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. to produce an oxygen absorbing sheet. The resulting oxygen absorbing sheet had a rate of oxygen absorption of 12.0 cm³/h as shown in Table 2, which level is sufficient for practical use as an oxygen absorbent. This oxygen absorbing sheet absorbed substantially no oxygen at a low humidity but absorbed oxygen in the presence of a sufficient amount of a water content. Thus, it was very easy to handle not only from its shape but in view of function controllability. Further, no release of the oxygen absorbent from the base sheet was observed. The linear low-density polyethylene A-1 used here was prepared as follows. Titanium trichloride having been crystallized together with aluminum chloride (TiCℓ₃·1/3AℓCℓ₃) and vanadium trichloride were charged in an atomic ratio of titanium to vanadium of 1/1 in a discontinuous ball mill and co-ground for 2 hours to prepare a catalyst. The catalyst was dispersed in methylcyclohexane at a concentration of 2.5 g/ℓ. Separately, triethylaluminum was dissolved in methylcyclohexane at a concentration of 4.8 g/ℓ. To a 0.6 ℓ-volume autoclave was fed a compressed mixed gas comprising 45.055 mol% of ethylene, 54.845 mol% of butene-1, and 0.1 mol% of hydrogen at 50°C, and the above-prepared two kinds of catalysts were simultaneously fed to conduct a continuous polymerization reaction at a final temperature of 200°C and a final pressure of 600 kg/cm². The average retention time of the catalysts in the autoclave was about 5 minutes. EXAMPLES 2 TO 8 An oxygen absorbing sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using each of the thermoplastic resin composition shown in Table 2 below and changing the stretching conditions as shown in Table 2. The linear low-density polyethylenes (A) used are shown in Table 1 below. The resulting oxygen absorbing sheets exhibited excellent performance as shown in Table 2. Similarly to Example 1, these sheets were excellent in ease of handling, and no release of the oxygen absorbent from the base sheet was observed. No. CXS Content Density (g/cm³) Melt Flow Rate (g/10 min) Kind of α-Olefin Weight Average Molecular Chain Length (nm) (Å) Content (wt%) A-1 370 (3700) 21 0.900 1.8 butene-1 A-2 350 (3500) 18 0.906 2.4 hexene-1 A-3 400 (4000) 45 0.889 0.6 butene-1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 TO 4 An oxygen absorbing sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using each of the resin compositions shown in Table 2 and changing the stretching conditions as shown in Table 2. The oxygen absorbing sheets of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 exhibited no or substantially no oxygen absorption performance, and the resin composition of Comparative Example 4 failed to provide a stretched sheet. As described above, an oxygen absorbing sheet which is easy to handle, suffers from no leakage of an oxygen absorbent, requires no step of filling and packaging, and is not eaten by mistake, and whose oxygen absorption capacity is arbitrarily controllable can be obtained by subjecting a resin composition comprising a specific thermoplastic resin and a specific oxygen absorbent in a specific proportion to stretching at a specific stretch ratio. An especially remarkable effect of the present invention is that use of a specific oxygen absorbent permits of free handling in the atmosphere without a fear of undesired oxygen absorption from sheet processing through actual use. These effects are attributed to uniform dispersion of the specific oxygen absorbent in the specific thermoplastic resin and formation of a number of microvoids connecting to the atmosphere at the interface between the oxygen absorbent and the thermoplastic resin matrix through stretching at a specific stretch ratio, which provides a significantly increased surface area of the oxygen absorbent exposed to the atmosphere. These effects of the oxygen absorbing sheet according to the present invention can be made use of in packages of processed foods including high water content foods and general foods, fruits, vegetables, flowers, machine parts, medicines. The oxygen absorbing sheet of the invention can also be used in combination with other base materials according to use.

Claims: An oxygen-absorbing sheet obtained by molding a resin composition comprising by weight (a) from 15 to 70% of a thermoplastic resin containing at least 10% by weight based on the weight of the composition consisting of the resin (a) and absorbant (b) of a copolymer of ethylene and an alpha-olefin having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms which copolymer has a density of from 0.870 to 0.915 g/cm³ and contains from 18 to 45% by weight of a component which is xylene-extractable at 25°C and whose weight average molecular chain length is from 100 to 900 nm and (b) from 30 to 85% of an oxygen-absorbent comprising by weight (i) from 90 to 99.9% of an iron powder having a particle size of from 0.1 to 100 µm and a specific surface area of 1000 cm²/g or more and (ii) from 0.1 to 10% of an electrolyte, the electrolyte being adhered on the surface of the iron particles; the composition being molded into a sheet having a thickness of from 10 µm to 5 mm and the sheet being stretched at least uniaxially at a stretching ratio of from 1.5 to 8.0. A sheet as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said electrolyte is a halide. A sheet as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the iron powder has a surface area of 5000 cm²/g or more. A sheet as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said alpha-olefin is butene-1.

Inventors: KAWAKITA TOSHIO, KUME TAKANORI, NAKAE KIYOHIKO, SUGIYAMA MASASHI, KAWAKITA, TOSHIO, KUME, TAKANORI, NAKAE, KIYOHIKO, SUGIYAMA, MASASHI
Applicants: SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO, SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY, LIMITED
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B65D81
IPC codes: C08J5, C08K3, B29C55