WHEEL UNIT

Abstract: A wheel unit (9) for a camera dolly (7) includes first (20) and second (50) wheel assemblies each having a ground wheel (24-30-32) and a track wheel (22) attached to the ground wheel (32). The diameter of the track wheel (22) is less than the diameter of the ground wheel (24). A king pin (10) disposed in between the first (20) and second (50) wheel assemblies has first (14) and second (16) axles extending therefrom at a declined angle. The first (20) and second (50) wheel assemblies are rotatably attached to the first (14) and second (16) axles, such that the wheel unit (9) may be interchangeably used on ground or track.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The field of the present invention is wheel assemblies. More specifically, the field of the present invention relates to wheel assemblies for video and motion picture camera dollies. In the motion picture or video filming procedures, cameras are often supported on dollies so that the camera positions, angles and elevations may be smoothly and easily changed without interruption. For use on a relatively smooth surface, the camera dolly may be equipped with pneumatic wheels. On the other hand, if the dolly is to be moved over rough terrain or irregular ground, it is common practice to lay a track over such terrain or surface to provide a smooth rolling surface for the dolly. However, running the dolly on the track or rails has heretofore required that the pneumatic dolly tires be removed from the dolly and replaced with track wheels specifically configured to roll on the track but not suitable for operation on pavement or other smooth surface. This required changeover from the pneumatic tires to track wheels has been time consuming. In addition, it requires a grip, technician or mechanic to make the pneumatic to track wheel exchange. Correspondingly, one or more tools to make the changeover are also required. In addition, in many, if not all dollies, the changeover from pneumatic (ground) tires to track wheels (and vice versa) exposes certain dolly components, i.e. bearings and axles, at least momentarily, to contamination from dirt and debris. Moreover, whichever set of tires or wheels is not being used on the dolly must be stored and transported with the dolly, thereby requiring additional space and adding weight. Further, the dolly braking system must be considered in the changeover between the track wheels. The applicants have, in a prior construction, marketed a dolly under the name of the Chapman Peewee Dolly, described in a brochure published in 1987 and which provides the basis for the prior art portion of claim 1. This prior Peewee Dolly utilised a wheel assembly comprising two mutually inclined wheels with each wheel comprising a larger diameter ground-engaging portion and a smaller diameter track-engaging portion with the two portions being formed integrally of a solid rubber material which, in certain applications, gave a too firm support from the ground engaging portions and too soft a ride from the track engaging portions. The present invention, as defined in claim 1, provides a camera dolly wheel unit with each wheel assembly, instead of being a solid twopart wheel, comprising a tyre supporting rim portion whereby a tyre giving just the right degree of resilient support is provided at the periphery of the groundengaging wheel with a very firm track-engaging wheel being mounted to the rim whereby the benefits of track- and ground-engagement can be achieved without any alteration being necessary. Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to provide a camera dolly wheel assembly capable of operating interchangeably on ground or on track. Other and further objects and advantages will appear hereinafter. Thus, the present invention is directed to a camera dolly wheel unit or assembly which may be used on the ground or on track without any equipment changes required. To this end, as later described with reference to the drawings, first and second wheel assemblies each include a ground wheel and a track wheel having a diameter less than the diameter of the ground wheel. The track wheel is concentrically attached to the ground wheel. A king pin assembly includes a king pin blade and first and second axles joined to the blade, with each axle disposed at an obtuse angle with respect to the blade. The first and second wheel assemblies are rotatably attached to the first and second axles respectively. The planes of the first and second wheel assemblies diverge in the direction of extension of the king pin towards the dolly chassis, such that the spacing between the wheel assemblies is greater adjacent to the king pin and dolly chassis and correspondingly lesser adjacent to the ground or track. Preferably, the ground wheel includes a pneumatic tyre and the track wheel includes a polyurethane (or other suitable firm resilient material) radiused concave outer portion for track engagement, with the outer portion having one side continuously circumferentially engaging one side of the pneumatic tyre to provide sidewall and flexure support thereto. Most desirably, the first and second ground wheels each include an inner split wheel half containing two spaced apart roller or ball bearings, and an outer split wheel half fastened to the inner split wheel half. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, wherein similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a camera dolly having the wheel assembly of the present invention with the dolly supported on tracks; Figure 2 is a front perspective view in part section of a wheel unit of the invention positioned on a tubular track; Figure 3 is an exploded view in part section of the first wheel assembly of the wheel unit illustrated in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a perspective view in part phantom of the king pin and track wheel of Figure 2 with a track wheel brake; and Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of the track wheel brake shown in Figure 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Turning in detail to the drawings, as shown in Figure 1, a camera dolly 7 includes a pivotally mounted swing arm 8 at each corner. Pivotally attached to the arm 8 is a wheel unit 9 adapted to roll on a generally flat surface or on a track or rail 11. Turning to Figure 2, the wheel unit 9 includes a king pin 10 having a flattened king pin blade 12. The king pin 10 pivotally joins the wheel unit 9 to the swing arm 8 of the camera dolly 7. Slant axles 14 and 16 are concentrically joined to the king pin blade 12 on opposite sides thereof. The longitudinal axis of each of the slant axles 14 and 16 is slightly declined from the horizontal plane. Preferably, the angle of slant or declination is 3.42 degrees. Rotatably attached to the first or left slant axle 14 is a first wheel assembly 20. A second wheel assembly 50 is similarly attached to the second or right slant axle 16. The first wheel assembly 20 and the second wheel assembly 50 are identical and may be used interchangeably. Accordingly, for simplicity in the following detailed description, only the first wheel assembly 20 is described, it being understood that such description applies equally as well for the second or right wheel assembly 50. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the first or left wheel assembly 20 includes an inner split wheel half 32 which holds spaced apart ball bearings 34 and 36. An outer split wheel half 30 is secured to the inner split wheel half 32 by fasteners 40. Preferably a bolt circle of 8 fasteners 40 (cap screws) is used. An axle cap 38 covers the end of the first slant axle 14. A pneumatic tire 24 is provided around the outside of the wheel rim 31 formed by the joined inner and outer split wheel halves. A tube 26 is positioned within the tire 24. A valve 28 used for inflating the tube 26 extends through an opening in the wheel rim 31. A track wheel 22 has a polyurethane concave radiused outer contour 46 bonded around a track wheel plate 44. The plate 44 is joined to the inner split wheel half 32 by fasteners 45. The track wheel is positioned and then secured concentrically to the inner split wheel half 32 by having a chambered shoulder 47 (Figure 3) on the plate 44 align with a positioning surface 42 on the inner split wheel half 32. The shoulder 47 and positioning surface 42 are dimensioned to mutually engage with light pressure during assembly. As shown in Figure 2, when the track wheel 22 is joined to the inner split wheel half 32, the outer contour 46 continuously and circumferentially contacts or butts against the inner side wall of the pneumatic tire 24. In this way, the track wheel 22 helps provide side wall support to the tire 24. Also as shown in Figure 2, the outer contour 46 is designed to match the radius of a tubular track or rail 11 on which the dolly is to ride. The present wheel assembly may be interchangeably used on track and on the ground, without any need for changeover of the wheels or tires. When on track, the dolly rides on the track wheels 22 and the tires 24 do not contact the track 11 or the ground. However, when the dolly is on track the tires 24 act as a safety guide to help keep the dolly on track. In addition, whether the dolly is used on the ground or on track, the track wheel 22 butting against the tire 24 helps seal out dirt and debris. Moreover, since the wheel assemblies 20, 50 are not removed for changeover between ground and track set-ups, the bearings 34 and 36 are not ordinarily exposed to contamination. The need for multiple bearings is also eliminated since the same bearings 34, 36 are used for both ground and track use. The declined angle of the slant axles 14 and 16 causes the outer contour 46 (on both wheel assemblies 20 and 50) to properly align with the track 11. In addition, the slant of the wheel assembly also reduces friction and introduces an axial load to the bearings 34 and 36. This provides stabilization for the wheel assembly and removes play from the bearings, thereby facilitating a more smoothly operating dolly. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, a brake unit is provided for operation in conjunction with the track wheels 22. The brake includes a brake plate 52 attached to the king pin blade 12. The plate 52 extends circumferentially over a sector of the track wheels 22, and it is slightly spaced apart from the track wheels 22. A tube 56 is joined to the forward narrow edge of the king pin blade 12 and extends radially outwardly towards the brake plate 52. A threaded rod 64 passes through a hole in the brake plate and engages the tube 56. A return compression spring 58 is disposed around the threaded rod 64 in between the brake plate 52 and the tube 56. A backing ring 60 is provided on the brake plate and a washer 62 is disposed above the backing ring 60. A hand cam lever 66 is secured to the outer end of the threaded rod 64 by a pin 68. The end portion of the brake plate 52 includes a brake contour surface or shoe (not shown) shaped to match the contour of the track wheels 22. In operation, the brake is operated by the hand cam lever 66 which cams over the brake plate 52 forcing the brake shoe to engage the track wheels 22, to provide a frictional braking force thereto. The amount of braking force to be applied can be varied by changing the length of engagement of the threaded rod 64 with the tube 56, and by manipulating the hand cam lever 66. The hand cam lever 66 extends beyond the profile of both the track wheels 22 and the ground tires 24 to facilitate hand access. The engagement of the brake shoe which is made of metal, preferably steel, with the polyurethane outer contour 46 of the track wheels 22 provides for effective braking. Of course, other materials may be used, for example polybutadiene may be used in place polyurethane for the outer contour 46. Variations may be made as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, in the invention described, the track wheels 22 may be configured to ride on square or rectangular track, rather than round track. This variations would require an outer contour 46 compatible with a square or rectangular track.

Claims: A ground and track wheel unit for a camera dolly (7), the unit comprising a pair of wheel assemblies (20,50) rotatably mounted on opposite sides of a kingpin blade (12), the wheel assemblies being mounted dihedrally with the tops of the wheel assemblies being spaced further apart from each than are the bottoms of the wheel assemblies, each wheel assembly (20,50) including a ground engaging portion (24) and a track engaging portion (22) of smaller diameter than the ground engaging portion (24), the track engaging portions (22) of each wheel assembly (20,50) being closely adjacent each other at their nearest points at the bottom of the wheel assemblies, a supporting bearing (34,36) being associated with each wheel assembly, characterised in that each wheel assembly (20,50) comprises a wheel rim (31), a tyre (24) disposed on the rim as the ground engaging portion, and a track wheel (22) concentrically attached to the inner side of the rim (31) as the track engaging portion, the bearing (34,36) being associated with the rim (31), the track wheel (22) having a radiused concave outer contour (46) for track engagement, said outer contour (46) having one side continuously circumferentially engaging the inner side of the tire (24) to provide sidewall support thereto. A wheel unit according to claim 1, wherein said ground wheel comprises an inner split wheel half (31) and an outer split wheel half (30). A wheel unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said track wheel outer contour (46) comprises polyurethane. A wheel unit according to any preceding claim, wherein said outer contour (46) is concavely radiused for rolling engagement with a tubular track. A wheel unit according to any preceding claim, further comprising a brake shoe releasably engageable onto said track wheel. A wheel unit according to any preceding claim, wherein each ground wheel tyre (12) is inflatable. A wheel unit according to any preceding claim, wherein the king pin blade (12) extends radially in between said first and second wheel assemblies (20,50), said king pin blade (12) having first and second opposing axles (14,16) joined thereto, said first and second wheel assemblies (20,50) being rotatably attached to said first and second axles (14,16), respectively, with said axles (14,16) projecting at least partially into said ground wheels and respectively engaging said bearings. A camera dolly comprising a plurality of wheel units, each wheel unit being as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

Inventors: CHAPMAN, LEONARD T.
Applicants: LEONARD STUDIO EQUIPMENT INC.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B60B33
IPC codes: B60B33, B60B19, F16M11, H04N5, B60B17