Oral compositions

Abstract: Oral compositions containing a cationic antimicrobial agent and benzoic acid and phthalic acid or salts of these acids, which compositions are effective against plaque and gingivitis, are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for reducing plaque and gingivitis.

Description: The present invention relates to oral toothpaste or mouthwash compositions containing a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, benzoic acid and phthalic acid or salts thereof and a suitable vehicle, which compositions are effective against plaque/gingivitis. Plaque is an organic mixture of living bacteria found in the mouth. The bacteria can secrete acids, enzymes and microtoxins which can cause caries and periodontal disease such as gingivitis. The use of antimicrobial agents to reduce plaque/gingivitis as well as mouth odor has been recognized for many years. Included among references disclosing oral compositions containing antimicrobials are US-A-3,937,805, February 10, 1976 to Harrison; US-A-3,937,807, February 10, 1976 to Haefele; US-A-4,080,441, March 21, 1978 to Gaffar et al.; US-A-4,118,474, October 3, 1978 to Gaffar et al.; US-A-4,241,049, December 23, 1980 to Colodney et al.; US-A-3,925,543, December 9, 1975 to Donohue; and US-A-4,256,731, March 17, 1981 to Curtis et al. Additionally, US-A-4,666,708, May 19, 1987 to Goldemberg et al. discloses alkaline mouthwash compositions containing a benzoate salt and possibly a cationic antimicrobial. WO-88/00468, January 28, 1988 discloses toothpaste compositions containing a benzoate salt and optionally a cationic biocide. FR-A-2,220,270 discloses dental care compositions for reducing plaque comprising a carboxylic acid and which may also contain a bis-biguanide bactericide. WO-A-87/05501 discloses oral compositions comprising a biocide and a benzoic acid salt. While the prior art discloses the use of antimicrobials and benzoate salts in oral products, there is still the need for additional formulations which will provide enhanced performance against plaque/gingivitis. It has now been found that by using a mixture of phthalate and benzoate acids or salts with a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial, antiplaque and antigingivitis activity is achieved. These and other objects will become more apparent from the detailed description which follows. All percentages and ratios herein are by weight and all measurements are made at 25°C unless otherwise specified. According to the present invention there is provided oral toothpaste or mouthwash compositions which provide antiplaque/antigingivitis benefits comprising: a) from 0.02% to 1% by weight of a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent; b) from 0.01% to 5% by weight of phthalic acid or a suitable water soluble salt thereof; c) from 0.01% to 3% by weight of benzoic acid or a suitable water soluble salt thereof; and d) a suitable carrier The compositions of this invention employ a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent, a mixture of phthalic and benzoic acids or salts thereof and a suitable carrier. These and other components will be described in detail hereinafter. By the term "comprising", as used herein, is meant that various additional components can be conjointly employed in the compositions of this invention as long as the actives perform their intended functions. By the term "carrier", as used herein, is meant a suitable vehicle which can be used to apply the active components to the oral cavity. The antimicrobials essential in the compositions of the present invention are quaternary ammonium compounds (e.g., cetyl pyridinium chloride). Mixtures of cationic antimicrobials may also be used in the present invention. Antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compounds include those in which one or two of the substituents on the quaternary nitrogen has a carbon chain length (typically alkyl group) of some 8 to 20, typically 10 to 18 carbon atoms while the remaining substituents (typically alkyl or benzyl group) have a lower number of carbon atoms, such as 1 to 7 carbon atoms, typically methyl or ethyl groups. Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyl pyridinium chloride, domiphen bromide, tetradecyl ethyl pyridinium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl (2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide, benzyl dimethylstearyl ammonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, quaternized 5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)-5-methyl hexa hydropyrimidine, benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride are exemplary of typical quaternary ammonium antibacterial agents. Other compounds are the bis[4-(R-amino)-1-pyridinium] alkanes as disclosed in US-A-4,206,215, June 3, 1980 to Bailey. The pyridinium compounds are the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds for mouthwash executions while the benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride are preferred for dentifrice use. The quaternary ammonium antimicrobial is used in the present compositions at a level of from 0.02% to 1%, preferably from 0.02% to 0.5%, most preferably from 0.04% to 0.3%. Benzoic and Phthalic Acids and Water Soluble Salts Thereof Also included in the present compositions are benzoic acid and phthalic acid or their water soluble salts. The counterions useful in these salts are generally alkali metal and ammonium ions. The preferred benzoate salt is sodium benzoate while the preferred phthalate salt is potassium biphthalate. In the present compositions the benzoic acid or a benzoate salt is present at a level of from 0.01% to 3%, preferably from 0.1% to 2%. The phthalic acid or phthalate salt is present at a level of from 0.01% to 5%, preferably from 0.1% to 3%. Carriers Conventional mouthwash composition components can comprise the carrier for the antimicrobial and salts of the present invention. Mouthwashes generally comprise about 20:1 to about 2:1 of a water/ethyl alcohol solution and preferably other ingredients such as flavor, sweeteners, humectants and surfactants. Suitable flavoring agents include oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove. Sweetening agents which can be used include aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, dextrose, levulose and sodium cyclamate. Suitable humectants include sorbitol and glycerin while suitable surfactants include oleate and laurate esters of sorbitol and its anhydride condensed with ethylene oxide as well as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide condensates. Other types of surfactants which may be used include amphoterics. The amphoteric sudsing agents useful in the present invention can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g, carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Generally, on a weight basis the mouthwashes of the invention comprise 5% to 30% (preferably 5% to 20%) ethyl alcohol, 0% to 25% (preferably 3% to 20%) of a humectant, 0% to 5% (preferably 0.01% to 0.5%) surfactant, 0% to 0.5% (preferably 0.005% to 0.06%) sweetening agent, 0% to 0.3% (preferably 0.03% to 0.3%) flavoring agent, and the balance water. Toothpastes and toothpowders are also suitable carriers and contain as a major component an abrasive. The abrasive polishing material contemplated for use in the present invention can be any material which does not excessively abrade dentin. These include, for example, silicas including gels and precipitates, calcium carbonate, dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate, insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate, hydrated alumina, and resinous abrasive materials such as particulate condensation products of urea and formaldehyde, and others such as disclosed by Cooley et al. in US-A - 3,070,510 , December 25, 1962. Mixtures of abrasives may also be used. Silica dental abrasives, of various types, can provide the unique benefits of exceptional dental cleaning and polishing performance without unduly abrading tooth enamel or dentin. Silica abrasive materials are also exceptionally compatible with sources of soluble fluoride and other ion sources. For these reasons they are preferred for use herein. Of course the abrasive selected should also exhibit excellent compatibility with soluble cationic therapeutic sources. The silica abrasive polishing materials useful herein, as well as the other abrasives, generally have an average particle size ranging between about 0.1 and 30 microns, preferably 5 and 15 microns. The silica abrasive can be precipitated silica or silica gels such as the silica xerogels described in Pader et al., US-A - 3,538,230 , issued March 2, 1970 and DiGiulio, US-A - 3,862,307 , June 21, 1975. Preferred are the silica xerogels marketed under the tradename "Syloid(RTM)" by the W. R. Grace & Company, Davison Chemical Division. Preferred precipitated silica materials include those marketed by the J. M. Huber Corporation under the tradename, "Zeodent(RTM)". These silica abrasive are described in US-A - 4,340,583 , July 29, 1982. The abrasive in the dentifrice compositions described herein is present at a level of from about 6% to about 70%, preferably from about 15% to about 25% when the dentifrice is a toothpaste. Higher levels, as high as 90%, may be used if the composition is a toothpowder. Flavoring agents can also be added to the dentifrice and other compositions of the present invention. Suitable flavoring agents include oil of wintergreen, oil of peppermint, oil of spearmint, oil of sassafras, and oil of clove. Sweetening agents are also useful and include aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, dextrose, levulose and sodium cyclamate. Flavoring and sweetening agents are generally used in the compositions herein at levels of from about 0.005% to about 2% by weight. The dentifrice compositions of this invention may also contain emulsifying agents. Suitable emulsifying agents are those which are reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range, including non-soap anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric organic synthetic detergents. Nonionic surfactants are preferred. Many of these suitable surfactants are disclosed by Gieske et al. in US-A - 4,051,234 , September 27, 1977. Water is also present in the toothpaste compositions of this invention. Water employed in the preparation of commercially suitable compositions should preferably be deionized and free of organic impurities. Water generally comprises from about 10% to 50%, preferably from about 20% to 40%, by weight of the toothpaste compositions herein. These amounts of water include the free water which is added plus that which is introduced with other materials such as with sorbitol. In preparing toothpastes, it is necessary to add some thickening material to provide a desirable consistency. Preferred thickening agents are carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenan, hydroxyethyl cellulose and water soluble salts of cellulose ethers such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Natural gums such as gum karaya, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth and polysaccharide gums such as xanthan gum can also be used. Colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica can be used as part of the thickening agent to further improve texture. Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a preferred binder. Thickening agents in an amount from 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the total composition may be used. It is also desirable to include a humectant in a toothpaste to keep it from hardening. Suitable humectants include glycerin, sorbitol, and other edible polyhydric alcohols at a level of from about 10% to about 70%. Other vehicles include lozenges and chewing gums. Components useful in such compositions are disclosed in US-A - 4,083,955 , April 11, 1978 to Grabenstetter et al.. Another suitable vehicle is a topical gel. Suitable topical dental gels generally comprise a base of a humectant such as glycerine thickened with a suitable agent. Such gels generally do not contain an abrasive. An optional ingredient which may be useful in any of the present compositions is an anti stain agent. As with other antimicrobials the cationic antimicrobial materials used in the present compositions may cause staining when used at fairly high levels. Antistain agents include carboxylic acids such as those disclosed in US-A - 4,256,731 , May 17, 1981 to Curtis et al.. Other agents include amino carboxylate compounds as disclosed in US-A-3,937,807, February 10, 1976 to Haefele; dicarboxylic acid esters as disclosed in US-A-4,080,441, March 21, 1978 to Gaffar et al.; and phosphonoacetic acid as disclosed in US-A -4,118,474, October 3, 1978 to Gaffar et al. Another useful optional component is a soluble fluoride ion source. The number of such sources is great and includes, among others, those disclosed in US-A-3,535,421, October 20, 1970 to Briner et al.. Typical sources include stannous fluoride, potassium fluoride, indium fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, alanine hydrofluoride as well as many others. The preferred source is sodium fluoride used at a level sufficient to provide from about 25 ppm F⁻ to about 250 ppm for a rinse and about 1100 ppm for a toothpaste. Another useful agent for incorporation into the present compositions is a soluble pyrophosphate salt such as di and tetra alkali metal pyrophosphate salts. These salts are generally used in amounts sufficient to provide at least about 1% P₂O₇ and are described in US-A-4,515,772, May 7, 1985 to Parran et al.. Many other agents in addition to those discussed herein may also be used. If used the agents are generally in an amount of 0.05% or greater. The anti stain active may be used in the same composition with the cationic compound or in a separate composition used sequentially with the cationic compound. The pH of the present compositions and/or its pH in the mouth can be any pH which is safe for the mouth's hard and soft tissues. Such pH's are generally from about 3 to about 10, preferably from about 4 to about 8. The carrier compositions of the present invention can be made using methods which are common in the oral products area. EXAMPLE I The following is a mouthwash representative of the present invention: Component Weight % Ethyl Alcohol 6.500 PEG 40 SDIS 0.100 Flavor 0.120 Ethylene Glycol/Propylene Glycol Condensate Nonionic Surfactant 0.150 Double reverse osmosis water 84.200 Sodium Benzoate 0.600 Monosodium phosphate 0.500 Benzoic Acid 0.020 Potassium Biphthalate 2.000 Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride 0.100 Glycerin 5.000 Sodium Fluoride 0.020 Sodium Saccharin 0.020 Dye (1% Solution) 0.070 Sodium Hydroxide (50% solution) 0.600 (q.s. to pH) Total 100.000 EXAMPLE II The following is another mouthwash representative of the present invention: Component Weight % Ethyl Alcohol 15.000 PEG 40 SDIS 0.500 Flavor 0.200 Double reverse osmosis water 71.560 Sodium Benzoate 0.200 Monosodium phosphate 1.000 Benzoic Acid 0.020 Potassium Biphthalate 1.000 Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride 0.050 Glycerin 10.00 Sodium Fluoride 0.050 Sodium Saccharin 0.020 Dye (1% Solution) 0.100 Sodium Hydroxide (50% Solution) 0.300 (q.s. to pH) Total 100.000 EXAMPLE III The following is another mouthwash representative of the present invention: Component Weight % Ethyl Alcohol 10.000 Ethylene Glycol/Propylene Glycol Condensate Nonionic Surfactant 0.150 Flavor 0.160 PEG 40 SDIS 0.160 Double reverse osmosis water 82.230 Sodium Benzoate 0.500 Monosodium phosphate 0.700 Benzoic Acid 0.020 Potassium Biphthalate 0.615 Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride 0.075 Glycerin 5.000 Sodium Fluoride 0.050 Sodium Saccharin 0.060 Dye (1% Solution) 0.070 Sodium Hydroxide (50% Solution) 0.210 (q.s. to pH) Total 100.00 EXAMPLE IV The following is a toothpaste composition representative of the present invention: Component Weight % Double Reverse Osmosis Water 14.300 Sorbitol (70%) 42.525 Sodium Fluoride 0.243 Sodium Saccharin 0.460 Benzethonium Chloride (98.8%) 1.012 Sodium Benzoate 1.000 Potassium Biphthalate 3.000 NaOH (50%) 1.400 PEG-6 3.000 Titanium dioxide 0.500 Dye (1% solution) 0.050 Silica 22.000 Glycerin 7.000 Hydroxyethyl Cellulose 1.250 Flavor 1.100 PEG 40 SDIS 1.160 Total 100.000 EXAMPLES V-VII Given below are additional toothpaste compositions of the present invention: Component V VI VII Weight % Double Reverse Osmosis Water 14.300 14.300 1.4300 Silica 22.000 22.000 22.000 Sorbitol (70%) 42.079 42.085 42.525 Glycerine 7.000 7.000 7.000 Sodium Fluoride 0.243 0.243 0.243 Benzethonium Chloride (98.8%) 0.506 -- 1.012 Domiphen Bromide -- 0.500 -- Sodium Benzoate 1.000 1.000 1.000 Phthalic Acid 2.427 2.427 -- Potassium Biphthalate -- -- 3.000 Sodium Hydroxide (50%) 2.435 2.435 1.400 PEG-6 3.000 3.000 3.000 Titanium Dioxide 0.500 0.500 0.500 Flavor 1.000 1.000 1.100 Sweetener 0.850 0.850 0.460 PEG-40 SDIS 1.160 1.160 1.160 Hydroxyethylcellulose 1.500 1.500 1.250 Dye -- -- 0.050 100.000 100.000 100.000 The above compositions are useful in reducing the incidence of plaque and gingivitis. Other vehicles such as lozenges, chewing gums and dental gels may also be used to deliver the actives. Other cationic actives such as dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyl pyridinium chloride, domiphen bromide, tetradecyl ethyl pyridinium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl(2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide, benzyl dimethylstearyl ammonium chloride, quaternized 5-amino-1,3-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)-5-methyl hexa hydropyrimidine and benzalkonium chloride may be used.

Claims: An oral toothpaste or mouthwash composition comprising: a) from 0.02% to 1% by weight of a quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent; b) from 0.01% to 5% by weight of phthalic acid or a suitable water soluble salt thereof; c) from 0.01% to 3% by weight of benzoic acid or a suitable water soluble salt thereof; and d) a suitable carrier A composition according to Claim 1 which is a mouthwash and alkali metal salts of benzoic acid and phthalic acid are present. A mouthwash composition according to Claims 1 or 2 wherein the cationic antimicrobial is cetyl pyridinium chloride. A mouthwash composition according to any of Claims 1-2 wherein the benzoate salt is a sodium salt and the phthalate salt is a potassium salt. A mouthwash composition according to any of Claims 1-4 which in addition contains a soluble fluoride ion source. A mouthwash composition according to any of Claims 1-5 which in addition contains a soluble pyrophosphate salt. A composition according to Claim 1 which is a toothpaste and alkali metal salts of benzoic acid and phthalic acid are present. A toothpaste composition according to Claim 7 wherein the cationic antimicrobial is benzalkonium chloride. A toothpaste composition according to Claims 7 or 8 wherein the benzoate salt is a sodium salt and the phthalate salt is a potassium salt. A toothpaste composition according to any of Claims 7-9 which in addition contains a soluble fluoride ion source. A toothpaste composition according to any of Claims 7-10 which in addition contains a soluble pyrophosphate salt.

Inventors: CHARBONNEAU DUANE LARRY, EVANS MARK DAVID, GERMAIN LINCOLN DAVIDSON, ROBIN MARTIN STEVEN, CHARBONNEAU, DUANE LARRY, EVANS, MARK DAVID, GERMAIN, LINCOLN DAVIDSON, ROBIN, MARTIN STEVEN
Applicants: PROCTER & GAMBLE, THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
Application year: 1989
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61K8, A61Q11, A61K9