Fill flash control system for cameras

Abstract: An artificial illumination control system (1) for controlling the energization of an electronic flash device (3) during a photographic exposure interval in a camera has three flash related modes of operation, full flash, no flash, and fill flash, one of which is automatically selected in accordance with the level of ambient light intensity. If, however, the level of ambient light intensity warrants the fill flash mode, but the camera-to-subject distance exceeds a predetermined distance beyond which the flash output may be ineffectual for a fill flash exposure, the fill flash mode is prevented and the control system reverts to its no flash mode.

Description: The invention relates generally to the field of photography, and specifically to an artificial illumination control system for a camera. More particularly, the invention relates to an artificial illumination control system for controlling the energization of a source of artificial illumination in a normal (or full) flash mode of operation, where ambient light levels are too low for a proper daylight exposure, and in a fill (or fill-in) flash mode of operation, where ambient light levels are relatively high but certain portions of the subject to be photographed have significantly less light falling on them than surrounding portions of the subject. When taking a picture under conditions at which the levels of ambient light intensity are relatively high, such as in bright sun, but certain portions of the subject to be photographed have significantly less light falling on them than surrounding portions of the subject, resulting in the formation of dark shadows on the subject, it is desirable to provide additional scene illumination from a source of artificial illumination, such as an electronic flash device, sometimes referred to as a "strobe" unit. Situations where a source of artificial illumination are used in relatively high ambient light levels are commonly referred to as a "fill" or "fill-in" mode of flash operation. Cameras were recently introduced several years ago, for example the KODAK MEDALIST VR 35 Camera, manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, which include a manually operated fill-flash switch. The fill-flash switch must be manually closed to provide a fill flash mode of operation for a built-in electronic flash unit, and it must be held closed at the same time the shutter release button is depressed to initiate the photographic exposure interval. Conversely, in the normal flash mode of operation for use in dimly lighted surroundings, the electronic flash unit is automatically energized. Document US-A-4,331,400 discloses an electric strobe flash apparatus for automatic fill-in and full flash. Supplemental illumination for objects within the maximum range of the flash is provided. A full flash mode is applied under the condition of low ambient light, and a fill-in flash mode is used under conditions of bright ambient light. Here the electronic flash measures the ambient light level and selects the appropriate flash mode. There exist no possibility to determine the maximum distance for effective fill flash mode and to inhibit the fill flash mode when the camera-to-object distance is greater than the maximum distance. Still other cameras inhibit, i.e. render inoperative, an electronic flash unit or shift the control mode of the camera from flash photography to daylight photography whenever the subject to be photographed is located beyond an adequately operable distance for the flash output. See U.S. Patent No. 4,501,481 granted February 26, 1985. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a flash control system for a camera according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a microcomputer flow chart depicting the various steps of operation of the flash control system; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the contents of a non-volatile look-up table memory included in the flash control system; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram depicting three flash related modes of operation, fill flash, no flash, and fill flash, of the flash control system; and FIG. 5 is a graph-like chart comparing the exposure interval and the flash or no flash interval in each of the three modes of operation of the flash control system. According to the invention, there has been devised an improved artificial illumination control system where, when the level of ambient light intensity warrents a fill flash mode, but the camera-to-subject distance exceeds a predetermined distance beyond which the flash output may be ineffectual for a fill flash exposure, the fill flash mode is prevented and the control system reverts to a no flash mode. More particularly, there has been devised an improved artificial illumination control system for controlling the energization of an electronic flash device during a photographic exposure interval in a camera, wherein (a) light level detecting means provides a measure of the brightness level of ambient light intensity, (b) flash triggering means for energizing said electronic flash device operating in a fill flash mode to enable a fill flash exposure, and (c) camera-to-subject distance detecting means providing a measure of the camera-to-subject distance, wherein said control system is characterized by: comparator means for determining whether the measure of the level of the ambient light intensity provided by said light level detecting means is equal to or greater than a related light level for fill flash mode or is smaller than that level, and for determining whether the camera-to-subject distance provided by said camera-to-subject distance detecting means is less than or equal to a maximum distance for fill flash exposure or is greater than that distance; and control means, acting in response to said comparator means for operating said flash triggering means in its fill flash mode if both said measure of said level of ambient light intensity is equal or greater than said related light level for fill flash mode and said measure of the camera-to-subject distance is less than or equal to said maximum distance, and for preventing operation of said flash triggering means in said fill flash mode if both said measure of said level of ambient light intensity is equal to or greater than said related light level for fill flash mode and said measure of the camera-to-subject distance is greater than said maximum distance, said control means is arranged to automatically select a no flash mode of operation for providing a daylight exposure whenever said level of ambient light intensity is greater than a related light level for full flash mode and smaller than said related light level for fill flash mode, regardless of the determined camera-to-subject distance, and whenever the level of said ambient light intensity is equal or greater than said related light level for full flash mode and said camera-to-subject distance exceeds said maximum distance beyond which said flash triggering device is not operated in its fill flash exposure. The invention is disclosed as being embodied preferably in a conventional 35mm camera having a built-in electronic flash unit. Because such a camera is well known, this description is directed in particular to photographic elements forming part of or cooperating directly with the disclosed embodiment. It is to be understood, however, that other elements not specifically shown or described may take various forms known to persons of ordinary skill in the art. Referring now to the drawing, Fig. 1 depicts a flash control system 1 for controlling the energization of a conventional electronic flash device 3 during a photographic exposure interval in a 35mm camera. According to an embodiment of the invention, the control system 1 has three flash related modes of operation, full (or normal) flash, no flash, and fill (or fill-in) flash, one of which is automatically selected, each time the exposure interval is commenced, in accordance with a measure of the level of ambient light intensity provided by a conventional light level detecting circuit 5. As shown in FIG. 1, the control system 1 includes, in addition to the electronic flash device 3 and the light level detecting circuit 5, a conventional microcomputer 7 having a microprocessor or central processing unit (CPU) 9, a volatile random access memory (RAM) 11, a non-volatile read-only memory (ROM) 13, a look-up table memory 15, an input/output (I/O) chip 17, a flash timer 19, and an exposure interval timer 21. Moreover, a normally open release trigger switch 23 is shown which is closed in response to manually depressing a shutter release button, not shown, on the body of the camera. A conventional, preferably automatic, camera-to-distance detecting device 25, i.e. an automatic focus device, is shown which is operated to focus an objective lens, not shown, and to provide a measure of the camera-to-subject distance. A conventional diaphragm shutter assembly 27 is shown which is opened to commence the exposure interval and closed to terminate the exposure interval in response to its receipt of respective control signals from the microcomputer 7. A normally open "crack of light" switch 29 is shown which is closed each time the diaphragm shutter assembly 27 is initially opened. A conventional flash triggering circuit 31 for energizing the electronic flash device 3 is shown which is operated by the microcomputer 7 in a full flash mode to enable a full flash exposure and is operated in a fill flash mode to enable a fill flash exposure. FIG. 2 is a flow chart for the microcomputer 7, depicting the various steps of operation of the flash control system 1. When the release trigger switch 23 is closed in response to manual depression of the shutter release button, the microcomputer 7 interrogates its look-up table memory 15 to determine whether the measure of the level of ambient light intensity provided by the light level detecting circuit 5 either is less than or equal to 64 foot-lamberts, which is too low for a proper daylight exposure, is greater than 64 foot-lamberts but less than 500 foot-lamberts, or is equal to or greater than 500 foot-lamberts, which is bright enough that shadowed areas of the subject to be photographed may result. In the case where the microcomputer 7 determines that the level of ambient light intensity is equal to or greater than 500 foot-lamberts, a further interrogation of the look-up table memory 15 is made to determine whether the measure of camera-to-subject distance provided by the camera-to-subject distance detecting device 25 is less than or equal to 11.5 feet or is greater than 11.5 feet. This distance is the maximum camera-to-subject distance suitable for a fill flash exposure in the example at hand. Following the appropriate determination, one of the three flash related modes, full flash, no flash, or fill flash is automatically selected. (a) Full Flash Mode Steps 1. If, as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 2 and in the look-up table of FIG. 3, the measure of the level of ambient light intensity provided by the light level detecting circuit 5 is less than or equal to 64 foot-lamberts, the limit or duration of the flash timer 19 is set to T₂ seconds and the limit or duration of the exposure interval timer 21 is set to T₄ seconds. T₄ seconds is longer in duration than T₂ seconds - see FIG. 5. 2. Then, as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 2, the microcomputer 7 issues a control signal to begin opening of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27, to commence the exposure interval. The exposure interval begins at T₀ seconds, as shown in FIG. 5. 3. Initial opening of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27 closes the crack of light switch 29 via a suitable known mechanism, not shown. 4. Closure of the crack of light switch 29 instructs the microcomputer 7 to simultaneously start the flash timer 19 and the exposure interval timer 21 at T₀ seconds. 5. When the flash timer 19 reaches the limit to which it has been set, in this instance T₂ seconds, the microcomputer 7 issues a control signal that operates the flash triggering circuit 31 to energize the electronic flash device 3. As shown in FIG. 5, the resulting flash discharge at T₂ seconds is typical. That is, it is very brief and intense, with virtually no firing delay. In FIG. 5, the area under the "spike" 33 represents the full flash output in lumen-seconds. 6. When the exposure interval timer 21 reaches the limit to which it has been set, in this instance T₄ seconds, the microcomputer 7 issues a control signal to begin closing of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27, to terminate the exposure interval. In FIG. 5, the area under the largest curve 35 represents the exposure interval for a full flash exposure. (b) Fill Flash Mode Steps 1. If, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the measure of the level of ambient light intensity provided by the light level detecting circuit 5 is equal to or greater than 500 foot-lamberts, and the measure of the camera-to-subject distance provided by the camera-to-subject distance detecting device 25 is less than or equal to 11.5 feet, the limit or duration of the flash timer 19 is set to T₁ seconds and the limit or duration of the exposure interval timer 21 is set to T₃ seconds. T₃ seconds is longer in duration than T₁ seconds (and each of these times is shorter in duration than T₂ seconds or T₄ seconds) - see FIG. 5. 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the microcomputer 7 issues the control signal to begin opening of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27, to commence the exposure interval. The exposure interval begins at T₀ seconds, as shown in FIG. 5. 3. Initial opening of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27 closes the crack of light switch 29. 4. Closure of the crack of light switch 29 instructs the microcomputer 7 to simultaneously start the flash timer 19 and the exposure timer 21 at T₀ seconds. 5. When the flash timer 19 reaches the limit to which it has been set, in this instance T₁ seconds, the microcomputer 7 issues the control signal that operates the flash triggering circuit 31 to energize the electronic flash device 3. As shown in FIG. 5, the resulting flash discharge at T₁ seconds yields a fill flash output represented by the area under the spike 37. Note that the fill flash output 37 and the full flash output 33 in FIG. 5 are identical; that is, they have the same peak intensity and the same duration. The only difference between the two flash outputs is the time of introduction, T₁ or T₂. 6. When the exposure interval timer 21 reaches the limit to which it has been set, in this instance T₃ seconds, the microcomputer 7 issues the control signal to begin closing of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27, to terminate the exposure interval. In FIG. 5, the area under the smallest curve 39 represents the exposure interval for a fill flash exposure whenever the control system 1 is operated in the fill flash mode. (c) No Flash Mode Steps 1. If, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the measure of the level of ambient light intensity provided by the light level detecting circuit 5 is greater than 64 foot-lamberts but less than 500 foot-lamberts, the limit or duration of the exposure interval timer 21 is set for T₅ seconds (no limit or duration is set for the flash timer 19). T₅ seconds is between T₃ seconds and T₄ seconds as to duration - see FIG. 5. Alternate 1. If, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the measure of the level of ambient light intensity provided by the light level detecting circuit 5 is equal to or greater than 500 foot-lamberts, and the measure of the camera-to-subject distance provided by the camera-to-subject distance detecting device 25 is greater than 11.5 feet, the limit or duration of the exposure interval timer 21 is set for T₃ seconds (no limit or duration is set for the flash timer 19). 2. Then, in either case, as shown in FIG. 2, the microcomputer 7 issues the control signal to begin opening of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27, to commence the exposure interval. The exposure interval begins at T₀ seconds, as shown in FIG. 5. 3. Initial opening of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27 closes the crack of light switch 29. 4. Closure of the crack of light switch 29 instructs the microcomputer to start the exposure interval timer 21 (but not the flash timer 19) at T₀ seconds. 5. When the exposure interval timer 21 reaches the limit to which it has been set, in this instance either T₃ or T₅ seconds, the microcomputer 7 issues the control signal to begin closing of the diaphragm shutter assembly 27, to terminate the exposure interval. In FIG. 5, the area under the midsize curve 41 represents the exposure interval for an ambient light (no flash) exposure whenever the level of ambient light intensity is greater than 64 foot-lamberts and less than 500 foot-lamberts. Moreover, the area under the smallest curve 39 represents the exposure interval for an ambient light exposure whenever the level of ambient light intensity is equal to or greater than 500 foot-lamberts and the camera-to-subject distance is greater than 11.5 feet. Accordingly, with the control system 1, either a full flash exposure or a no flash exposure will automatically be selected in accordance with only the level of ambient light intensity, and either a fill flash exposure or a no flash exposure will automatically be selected in accordance with both the level of ambient light intensity and the camera-to-subject distance. This is illustrated in schematic fashion in FIG. 4. The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications can be effected within the ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. For example in the preferred embodiment, the three exposure interval curves 35, 39, and 41 assume a film speed of ASA 100. With other film speeds, the curves of course would be somewhat different as to aperture and/or as to the closing times T₄, T₃, and T₅. Also, the flash output spikes 33 and 37 for full flash and fill flash might be somewhat different as to the times T₂ and T₁. In the preferred embodiment, the exposure interval curves 35, 39, and 41 are limited to three in number. However, it will be appreciated that this number can be increased. Also, the control system can be made more sophisticated simply by increasing the number of light level zones in the look-up table memory 15.

Claims: An artificial illumination control system (1) for controlling the energization of an electronic flash device (3) during a photographic exposure interval in a camera, comprising light level detecting means (5) providing a measure of the brightness level of ambient light intensity, flash triggering means (31) for energizing said electronic flash device operating in a fill flash mode to enable a fill flash exposure, and camera-to-subject distance detecting means (25) providing a measure of the camera-to-subject distance, wherein said control system (1) is characterized by: comparator means (9, 15) for determining whether the measure of the level of the ambient light intensity provided by said light level detecting means (5) is equal to or greater than a related light level for fill flash mode or is smaller than that level, and for determining whether the camera-to-subject distance provided by said camera-to-subject distance detecting means (25) is less than or equal to a maximum distance for fill flash exposure or is greater than that distance; and control means (9, 17), acting in response to said comparator means (9, 15) for operating said flash triggering means (31) in its fill flash mode if both said measure of said level of ambient light intensity is equal or greater than said related light level for fill flash mode and said measure of the camera-to-subject distance is less than or equal to said maximum distance, and for preventing operation of said flash triggering means (31) in said fill flash mode if both said measure of said level of ambient light intensity is equal to or greater than said related light level for fill flash mode and said measure of the camera-to-subject distance is greater than said maximum distance, said control means (9, 17) is arranged to automatically select a no flash mode of operation for providing a daylight exposure whenever said level of ambient light intensity is greater than a related light level for full flash mode and smaller than said related light level for fill flash mode, regardless of the determined camera-to-subject distance, and whenever the level of said ambient light intensity is equal or greater than said related light level for full flash mode and said camera-to-subject distance exceeds said maximum distance beyond which said flash triggering device is not operated in its fill flash exposure. The control system (1) as recited in claim 1, wherein said related light level for fill flash mode corresponds to a level of ambient light intensity which is bright enough that at least certain areas of the subject to be photographed may be significantly shadowed, and said maximum distance corresponds to a camera-to-subject distance which is small enough to ensure that the fill flash output will lighten shadowed areas of the subject during a fill flash exposure. The control system (1) as recited in claim 1 or 2 wherein said related light level for fill flash mode corresponds to a level of ambient light intensity as in bright sun, wherein said ambient light level is greater or equal than 500 foot-lamberts and wherein said maximum distance to ensure fill flash mode is less than or equal to 3.5 meters (11.5 feet). The control system (1) as recited in claim 3, wherein there can be selected a full flash mode of operation for providing a full flash exposure, and characterized further in that: said control means (9, 17) automatically selects said full flash mode regardless of said camera-to-subject distance, whenever said level of ambient light intensity is smaller than said related light level for full flash mode set at a level of ambient light intensity dim enough to warrant a full flash exposure.

Inventors: MALLOY DESORMEAUX STEPHEN GIRA, MALLOY DESORMEAUX, STEPHEN GIRARD
Applicants: EASTMAN KODAK CO, EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (A NEW JERSEY CORPORATION)
Application year: 1989
Main classification: G03B7
IPC codes: G03B15, G03B7