X-RAY APPARATUS COMPRISING AN ADJUSTABLE SLIT-SHAPED COLLIMATOR

Abstract: In an X-ray apparatus utilizing a fan-shaped X-ray beam (22) the thickness of the beam is determined by a collimator (14) of variable aperture. The X-ray beam irradiates a patient to be examined and is subsequently detected by a detector array (17). An image of a patient can be formed from detector signals. Using a variable aperture of the collimator, comprising two slats (5) which are pivotable in opposite directions and a collimating side of which is provided with an X-ray absorbing material (6), the thickness of the X-ray beam can be varied, and hence also the thickness of the slice to be imaged.

Description: The invention relates to an X-ray apparatus, comprising an X-ray source for generating an X-ray beam for irradiating an object to be examined, detection means for detecting X-rays having passed through the object and a collimator comprising two pivotable collimator slats, arranged between the X-ray source and the object, for collimating the X-ray beam so as to obtain a fan-shaped beam of adjustable thickness. Such an X-ray apparatus is known from DE-A 32 34 735. In that document a collimator for an X-ray source is disclosed in which two limitation plates are attached to pivotable axes. By means of a motor and levers the orientation of the plates can be changed. As the X-ray beam is intercepted by the limitation plates, the width of the collimator slit is determined by the orientation of the plates. Also from US-A 4,419,764 an X-ray apparatus with a collimator with a variable width of the collimator slit is known. In that X-ray apparatus, an apparatus for making panoramic images, an object to be examined, for example a patient, is irradiated by a fan-shaped X-ray beam. Opposite the X-ray source there are arranged detection means for detecting the X-ray beam after passage through the patient. The detection means are shown as an X-ray sensitive film. The thickness of an irradiated slice of the patient is determined by the degree of collimation of the X-ray beam in a direction perpendicular to a plane of examination. For collimation a collimator in the form of a trunnion which is made of X-ray absorbing material is arranged near the X-ray source, said trunnion comprising a slit which extends in the axial direction. The X-ray beam emerging from the X-ray source is collimated to an adjustable thickness by rotating the trunnion around its longitudinal axis. In the collimator known from US-A 4,419,764 the collimation at both sides of an X-ray beam occurs at different distances from the source, thus causing asymmetry in the X-ray beam. Both known constructions have the drawback that the edges of the collimator are rather sharp and easily damaged, giving rise to a beam of non-uniform thickness. It is the object of the invention to provide an X-ray apparatus comprising a collimator which has a simple construction with few moving parts, collimates symmetrically at both sides of the X-ray beam, and is comparatively insusceptible to mechanical damage. To achieve this, an X-ray apparatus of the kind set forth in accordance with the invention is characterised in that the collimator slats are provided, at a collimating side of each slat, with a round bar of X-ray absorbing material, secured to the collimating side of each of the collimator slats. This bar, for example consisting of lead bronze, tungsten or other heavy elements, is secured to the collimator slat by way of a joining technique, for example pressing, welding or gluing. As a result of the absence of sharp edges, the bar is hardly susceptible to mechanical damaging. A further preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the collimator slats can be locked in a number of discrete positions. Accurately reproducible adjustment of the slit is thus achieved. A further preferred embodiment in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the collimator slats can be displaced to two sides with respect to the position for a smallest slit aperture. The angular displacement of the collimator slats between two positions of successive magnitude of the slit aperture can thus be larger than the angular displacement obtained when the collimator slats are pivotable to one side only, so that the construction of a locking device is simplified. This embodiment is preferably used when, from a design point of view, no severe requirements are imposed on the space to be occupied by the collimator. An X-ray apparatus in accordance with the invention is constructed notably as a computer tomography apparatus, comprising an X-ray source and a detection device which is mounted opposite thereto, which source and detection device rotate together around the object, and also comprising a collimator which rotates together with the source and the detection device and which serves to adjust the thickness of the fan-shaped X-ray beam. When use is made of the collimator in accordance with the invention, the thickness of the X-ray beam can be accurately and reproducibly adjusted, which adjustment is decisive for the quality of the X-ray image to be reconstructed. Another special embodiment of an X-ray apparatus in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the apparatus is constructed as a slit-imaging apparatus, comprising an X-ray source which is pivotable about an axis which intersects the longitudinal direction of an object to be examined at right angles in order to irradiate an object in different directions by means of a fan-shaped X-ray beam of small thickness, and also comprising an array of detectors which are arranged opposite the X-ray source in order to detect X-rays having passed through the object, and a collimator which is arranged near the X-ray source and which rotates together with this source in order to adjust the thickness of the X-ray beam. A slit-imaging apparatus is known per se from European Patent Specification EP 0162512. Because the X-ray source rotates about an axis extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the patient to be examined, a number of consecutive, line-shaped projection images of the patient to be examined are obtained. The width of these projection images is determined by the thickness of the X-ray beam. A fan-shaped X-ray beam having an accurately adjustable and reproducible thickness can be obtained by collimation by means of a collimator in accordance with the invention. The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing. Therein: Fig. 1 is a sectional view, taken in the slit direction, of a preferred embodiment of the collimator in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the collimator for various slit apertures, Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the locking device for the collimator, Fig. 4 diagrammatically shows a computer tomography apparatus comprising a collimator in accordance with the invention, and Fig. 5 diagramatically shows a slit-imaging apparatus comprising a collimator in accordance with the invention. Fig. 1 shows a frame 1 of a collimator, comprising collimation shafts 2 which can be driven by an electric motor 4 via a gearwheel construction 3. Under the influence of angular rotation of a shaft of the electric motor 4, collimator slats 5 are pivoted through a given angle in opposite directions, so that the X-ray absorbing edges 6 of the collimator slats 5 are moved towards or away from one another. Discrete slit positions can be adjusted by means of a locking device 7. Fig. 2 shows the collimator slats 5 in two positions. As the angle rotation ϑ increases, a width d of the slit aperture increases as from a smallest slit aperture at an angular rotation ϑ amounting to 0°. At the ends of the slats 5 there are provided round bars 6 of an X-ray absorbing material, for example lead bronze or tungsten. Fig. 3 is a more detailed representation of the locking device 7. A spring 9 forces a pawl 8 into one of the recesses 10 of a cog wheel 11 mounted on the shaft of one of the collimator slats. As a result, the slats 5 can occupy a number of positions which correspond to equal angular rotations of the collimation shafts 2, the pawl 8 engaging in respective recesses 10. Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the use of the collimator in accordance with the invention in a computer tomography apparatus 12, the following components of which are shown: an X-ray source 13 and a collimator 14 which are rotatable, together with a stray radiation grid 16 and a detector array 17, around a space 18 for an object to be examined, for example a patient, by means of a drive mechanism 15. The output signals of the detector array 17 can be reconstructed, by means of a computer 20, so as to form an image for display on a television monitor 21. The collimator is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the slit is situated in the plane of drawing, the slit extending perpendicularly to the plane of drawing so that a fan-shaped X-ray beam 22 of the desired thickness can be adjusted. An X-ray apparatus as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5 is a slit-imaging apparatus. An X-ray source 30 can be pivoted about an axis 33 extending perpendicularly to the plane of drawing, together with the diaphragm 31 and a detection device 32. An object 34 can be irradiated at different angles ϑ. Three positions are shown. Using the collimator, the thickness of a fan-shaped X-ray beam can be exactly adjusted and adapted to the required imaging resolution. In Fig. 5 the plane of the fan-shaped beam, and hence the longitudinal direction of the slit of the collimator, and the longitudinal direction of a row of detectors of the detection device 32 extend perpendicularly to the plane of drawing. The thickness of the fan-shaped beam, and hence the width direction of the slit of the collimator, is situated in the plane of drawing.

Claims: An X-ray apparatus, comprising an X-ray source for generating an X-ray beam for irradiating an object to be examined, detection means for detecting X-rays having passed through the object and a collimator comprising two pivotable collimator slats, arranged between the X-ray source and the object, for collimating the X-ray beam so as to obtain a fan-shaped beam of adjustable thickness, characterised in that the collimator slats are provided, at a collimating side of each slat, with a round bar of X-ray absorbing material, secured to the collimating side of each of the collimator slats. An X-ray apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the collimator slats can be locked in a number of discrete positions. An X-ray apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the collimator slats can be displaced to two sides with respect to the position for a smallest slit aperture. An X-ray apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised by its implementation as a computer tomography apparatus, comprising an X-ray source and a detection device which is mounted opposite thereto, which source and detection device are arranged to rotate together around an object to be examined, the apparatus also comprising a collimator for adjusting the thickness of the fan-shaped X-ray beam, the collimator being arranged for rotating in conjunction with the source and the detection device. An X-ray apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised by its implementation as a slit-imaging apparatus comprising an X-ray source which is pivotable about an axis which intersects the longitudinal direction of an object to be examined at right angles for irradiating the object in different directions by means of a fan-shaped X-ray beam of small thickness, further comprising an array of detectors which are arranged opposite the X-ray source in order to detect X-rays having passed through the object and a collimator arranged near the X-ray source for adjusting the thickness of the X-ray beam, the collimation being arranged for rotating in conjunction with the source. An X-ray collimator , suitable for application in a X-ray device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising two pivotable collimator slats for obtaining an X-ray beam of adjustable thickness, characterised in that the collimator slats are provided, at a collimating side of each slat, with a round bar of X-ray absorbing material, secured to the collimating side of the collimator slats.

Inventors: HERMENS, JOANNES LEONARDUS GERARDUS
Applicants: N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN
Application year: 1989
Main classification: G21K1
IPC codes: G21K1, G01N23, A61B6