IMPROVED HERBICIDE FORMULATIONS AND THEIR USE

Abstract: A herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of an agriculturally acceptable herbicide, humectant, and silicone surfactant optionally with inert adjuvants and water. A herbicidal method of use for killing and controlling weeds is also disclosed.

Description: IMPROVED HERBICIDE FORMULATIONS AND THEIR USE BACKGROUND This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application USSN 07/206,405 filed June 14, 1988. This invention relates to a method and composition for enhancing the efficacy of herbicides in particular herbicides selected from the group consisting of acifluorfen, its agriculturally accept- able salts, oxyfluorfen, lactofen, imazaquin acid and This invention also relates to a ready to use composition comprising an enhanced delivery system for herbicides. Herbicides may be applied to plants in a variety of methods including different formulations. Of these various methods, use of liquid and dry compo¬ sitions are quite desirable. The particular formu¬ lation desired and resulting efficacy enhancement will greatly depend upon the weed species to be treated, environmental conditions, the geographical area and the climatology of the area at the time of treatment. In many areas of the world, it is highly desirable to apply a herbicide composition having rainfastness quality (adherence to foliage) in areas of high rainfall amounts or under conditions and timing where rainfall is highly likely following application of a herbicide. Further in some areas, it may be particularly desirable to apply herbicide compositions (typically a herbicidal composition) to vegetation which has a thick cuticle and therefore herbicide penetration may be somewhat inhibited. Use of compositions of this invention produced increased herbicide efficacy particularly in applications of a herbicide in accordance with this invention on rhizome johnsongrass, a narrowleaf perennial, and seedling johnsongrass, bamyardgrass and downy brome which are narrlowleaf annuals. Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) is well known as a foliage-acting herbicide. In the free acid form, glyphosate has low water solubility, and because of this, commercial formulations contain a water-soluble salt of glyphosate. For example, in Roundup® herbicide, sold as a concentrate, glyphosate is formulated as the isopropylamine salt. U.S. Patents 3,799,758 issued to John E. Franz on March 26, 1974 and 4,405,531 issued on September 20, 1983 disclose derivatives of N-phos¬ phonomethylglycine and the use of N-phosphonomethyl¬ glycine, its salts and derivatives thereof as herbicides and herbicidal compositions thereof. U.S. Patent 4,315,765 issued to George B. Large on March 15, 1983 discloses trimethylsulfonium and trimethylsulfoxonium salts of N-phosphonomethylglycine and their use as herbicides and herbicidal compo¬ sitions. Iminourea and substituted iminourea salts such as guanidine and aminoguanidine salts of N-phosphonomethylglycine are also examples of known herbicides. The use of humectants with certain herbicides is disclosed in "Additives in Herbicide Formulations", Andress G. Kanallopoulos, Sandos, Ltd. Agrochemical Department Switzerland Chemistry and Industry, 7 December 1974, which discloses on page 352 that humectants improve penetration of herbicides into plant leaves by preventing drying of spray deposit, thereby increasing the penetration time. This article discloses that glycerol has been used as a humectant with 2,4-D and other herbicides. Other glycols disclosed are ethylene and propylene glycol, and polyhdric alcohols in mixtures with free fatty acids and DMSO. Polymeric compounds are reported to be humectants which according to this article includes Carbowax, sucrose, molasses and polypropylenediol. In Comparison of Urea Foliar Sprays Con¬ taining Hydrocarbon or Silicone Surfactants with Soil Applied Nitrogen in Maintaining the Leaf Nitrogen Concentration of Prune Trees, D.R. LEECE et. al. J. Amer. Soc. Hor Sci.104(5):644-648 1979 discloses use of a nonionic silicone surfactant, L-77 (organo- silicone block copolymer - Union Carbide New York, the nonionic hydrocarbon surfactant (X-77), and free fatty acid and isopropanol with the humectant glycerol in urea fertilizer foliar sprays on prune trees. Compositions and use are also disclosed for glycerol and L-77 in this article. Monsanto sells Roundup herbicide EPA Registration No. 524-308-AA (label booklet 1987-4) which is a commercial formulation of the isopropyl- amine salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine also containing an ethoxylated amine surfactant, inert adjuvants and water. The use of an organosilicone surfactant, such as Silwet L-77 in tank mixes with commercially purchased Roundup® herbicide at time improves the rainfastness of the resulting formulation of Roundup on some species of weeds. However, Silwet L-77-is antagonistic to Roundup herbicide in such tank mixes with Roundup herbicide when rainfall does not occur after a Roundup composition containing Silwet L-77 (without added humectant) has been applied to many plants, particularly on narrowleaf species. Monsanto sells "Pulse" penetrant (which is L-77) for use with Roundup herbicide and discloses on the Pulse label that the addition of Pulse can reduce the rainfree period for Roundup herbicide from 4-6 hours to 2 hours on perennial ryegrass when label recommended rates of Roundup herbicide and Pulse are sprayed on dry foliage. Stauffer Australian Patent Application AU-A-64552/86 published May 7, 1987 discloses herbicide compositions comprising (a) an herbicidally effective amount of an agriculturally acceptable salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine, (b) at least one humectant having a moisture capacity substantially equivalent to that of sorbitol; (c) inert adjuvants; and (d) water; wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) ranges from about 1:33 to about 5:1 by weight. A herbicidal method of use of such compositions is also disclosed. Further, at page 3, this published patent application discloses that suitable humectants can be employed to keep a salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine moist over a longer period of time on the foliage of plants, thereby enabling it to be absorbed into the foliage in a greater quantity and at a higher rate than would otherwise be possible. L. L. Jansen, "Enhancement of Herbicides by Silicone Surfactants" Volume 21, Issue 2 (March) 1973, WEED SCIENCE, discloses that in a comparative evalu¬ ation of adjuvant effects in eight species, nonionic silicone glycol surfactants enhanced the activity of six herbicides to a greater extent than a standard organic surfactant, whereas cationic amino silicone surfactants enhanced to a lesser extent. '•■"; ' Great Britain Patent Number 1,225,249 to Dow;'φp ' rning Corporation, published December 1, 1971, discloses herbicide compositions employing silicone glycol copolymers. Here, general utility of a large number of adjuvants is professed, as exemplified by two generic silicone glycol formulas which embrace structures having both diorganosiloxane units and alkyl-glycol siloxane units. There is also provided a wide-ranging list of suitable herbicides. This reference, however, provides little direction to those skilled in the art as to which particular silicone glycol structures are to be advantageously combined with specific herbicides, save for two examples employing a triazine herbicide in conjunction with an adjuvant having 1.8 siloxy units and bearing a glycol chain having 12 ethylene oxide units. In addition to the herbicidal enhancement provided by the activity-increasing adjuvants discussed above, it is often important that herbicide formulations retain a significant degree of activity when plants treated therewith are exposed to rain shortly after application, this being a definition of the degree of "rainfastness." This is particularly important for water-soluble foliar-applied herbicides, such as glyphosate salts. While prior art tank mix formulations of Roundup have included added glycol humectants, or have included Silwet L-77 without added glycerol, a need exists for a formulation of N-phosphonomethylglycine or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof or mixtures thereof which will provide the advantages of using an organosilicone such as Silwet L-77 without antagonism toward the N-phosphonomethylglycine based herbicide under both rainfall and no rainfall conditions following application of a composition of this invention to plant foliage. OBJECTS It is an object of the invention to provide an agriculturally acceptable herbicidal composition having improved efficacy particularly for herbicidal compositions comprising herbicide, inert adjuvant(s), water, humectant, and silicone surfactant. It is another object of the invention to provide a glyphosate herbicidal composition having improved efficacy under rainfall or no rainfall conditions with less antagonism toward the herbicide active ingredient than when a silicone surfactant is present in the formulation. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a delivery system for enhancing the efficacy of herbicidal compositions containing a herbicide. It is yet an additional object of the invention to make a herbicide more effective in maintaining contact with the locus of application, e.g., on the plant foliage. It is still yet another object of the invention to provide a herbicidal composition com- prising an efficacy increasing amount of a humectant and silicone surfactant. It is yet an additional object of this invention to provide a herbicidal method of use of such compositions as described above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above and other objects are met in this invention which provides a novel method and composi¬ tion for enhancing the efficacy of herbicides, in particular foliar applied herbicides more in particu- lar herbicides selected from the group consisting of acifluorfen (5-(2-chloro-ααα-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2- nitrobenzoic acid and its agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4- nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene: -lactofen, (l'-(Carboethoxy)ethyl 5-'2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxyl'-2-nitrobenzoate: imazaquin (2-'4,5-Dihydro- 4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-lH-imidazol-2— yl'-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and the agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, N-phosphonomethylglycine or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, derivatives thereof, mixtures thereof and the like. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention herein comprises a herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of a herbicide in particular a herbicide selected from the group consisting of acifluorfen (5-(2-chloro-ααα- trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid and its agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, (see US Patent 3,979,437); oxyfluorfen (2-chlo- ro-l-(3-ethoxy -4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene: lactofen, (l'-(Carboethoxy)ethyl 5-'2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxyl'-2-nitrobenzoate: imazaquin (2-' [4,5-Dihydro- 4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-lH-imidazol-2- yl ! ]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and the agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, N-phosphonomethylglycine or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, mixtures thereof and the like, inert adjuvant(s), water, humectant, and silicone surfactant. Herbicide compositions herein include both package and tank mix compositions. The term agricul- turally acceptable as employed herein includes agri¬ cultural, industrial and residential uses. Herbicides which are useful in this inven¬ tion include triazines, ureas, carbamates, acetamides, uracils, acetic acid or phenol derivatives, triazoles, benzoic acids, nitriles, diphenyl ethers and the like such as: Heterocyclic nitrogen/sulfur derivatives including 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine; 2-chlo- ro-4,6-bis(ethylamine)-s-triazine; 3-isopropyl-lH-2,l, 3-benzothiadiazin-4-(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, 3-amino- 1,2,4-triazole; 5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil; 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imdazolin-2-yl-)3- quinolinecarboxylic acid; isopropylamine salt of 2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid, methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin- 5 2-yl)-m-toluate; and methyl 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl- 5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-p-toluate; and further including acids/esters/alcohols such as (2, 2-dichloropropionic acid; 2-methyl-4-chloropheno xyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0 methyl-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionate, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, 2-methoxy-3,6- dichlorobenzoic acid, 2,3,6-trichlorophenylacetic acid, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, sodium 5-[2-chloro- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate, 4,6-dinitro-o-sec-butylphenol, butyl 2-[-[(trifluoro¬ .* methyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy]-phenoxy]-propanoate; and cyclohexanediones such as sethoxydium and garlon and ethers such as 2,4-dichlorophenyl-4-nitrophenyl ether, 2-chloro-trifuluorop-tolyl-3-ethoxy-4-nitrodiphenyl ether, 5-(2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl- sulfonyl 2-nitro-benzamide, 1'-(carboethoxy) ethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitro- benzoate and other diphenylethers and other miscel¬ laneous herbicides such as 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, onosodium acid methanearsonate, disodi ' um methanear- sonate, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3- isoxazolidinone. Other herbicides useful for practicing the invention herein include fosa ine, haloxyfop, imazapyr, mefluidide, metsulfuron, picloram, quizalofop and imidazolinones. The above compounds are intended merely as representative of the types of compounds which may be employed in this invention. N-phosphonomethylglycine itself may be employed in this invention or optionally any agriculturally acceptable salt, amide, ester, or derivative thereof, mixtures of one or more agricul¬ turally acceptable derivatives or salts or mixtures of an agriculturally acceptable salt and N-phosphono¬ methylglycine may be employed. Typical agriculturally acceptable salts which may be employed include those disclosed in US Patents 3,799,758; 4, 405,531; 4,315,765. Preferred salts include the isopropylamine, sodium, ammonium, tri- methylsulfonium and guanidine salts. Other compounds further representative of this class of compounds are those herbicidally active compounds disclosed in U.S. Patents Numbers 3, 455,675; 3,799,758; 3,977,860; 3,868,407; 4,315,765 and 4,397,676. Illustrative suitable humectants which may be employed in this invention includes those compounds which absorb water substantially equivalent to glycerin. Suitable humectants include sorbitol, poly- ethylene glycol and poly-propylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, sodium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, homolinear polymers of ethylene oxide and soluble collagen, sold under the tradename collasol by Croda Inc., lactic acid and salts thereof, cane molasses, sodium lactate and the like. Illustrative suitable silicone surfactants useful in this invention comprise organosilicone surfactants and polyaklylene oxide modified dimethylpolysiloxane copolymers which are sold under the trademark Silwet, a trademark of Union Carbide Corporation, U.S.A. These are surface active materials and contain dis¬ crete hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-hating) segments. These products have the general formula: wherein a ranges from 3 to about 24, b ranges from 0 to about 15, x is in the range from 0 to 3 and y ranges from 1 to 5 and in which "Z" can be hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having 1-3 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Silwet silicone surfactants useful in this invention include those described in a trade brochure by Union Carbide entitled Silicones For the Agricul¬ tural Industry SUI-356, 6/84, 5M and Surface Active Copolymers also by Union Carbide SUI-394A, 7/85-5M, both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Other suitable illustrative silicone surfactants which may be employed herein include SF-1188 (General Electric Company, Silicone Products Division, Rubber & Fluid Products Department, Waterford, NY 12188), Silwet L-7607, and Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI silicone glycols Q2-5309, 2-5152, Q2-5852 and Q2-5853 mixtures thereof and the like. Compounds of Formula (I) are particularly described in U.S. Patent 3,299,112 issued to Donald L. Bailey on January 17, 1967 which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. A particularly desired siloxane wetting agent useful herein is shown having the formula Me 3 SiO MeO(C 2 H 4 θ) 7 C 3 H 6 SiMeO]Si e 3 . Also useful herein as a silicone surfactant is a silicone glycol of the average structure Me I Me 3 SiO( SiO ) SiMe 3 ( II ) I R(0CH 2 " CH 2 ) m 0Z wherein Me hereinafter denotes a methyl radical and R is a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene or hexamethylene. m can be 3 to 24. It is preferred that R is a trimethylene group. In the above formula, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferably, Z is an acetoxy group. The silicone glycols described above are known in the art and may be prepared by coupling the corresponding allyl-terminated glycol to a bis- siloxane structure having a hydrogen attached to the central silicon atom, said structure being Me I Me 3 SiO(SiO)SiMe 3 (III) I H Generally, the coupling is accomplished in the presence of a platinum catalyst. The skilled artisan will recognize that, in such coupling reactions, a fraction of the allyl-terminated glycol is not converted and will remain as an impurity in the final silicone glycol product. Herbicide compositions may contain such impurities and still be within the scope of the present invention. Silicone glycol-silicone alkane terpolymers also have utility as a silicone surfactant in the present invention. These compounds may be represented by the average formula 10 QR 2 SiO(SiR 2 0)x(SiO, y SiO,)z_SiR 2 Q (IV) 15 wherein R is independently selected from alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; A is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; G is a glycol moiety having the formula -R' (OCH 2 CH 2 )mOZ, in which R' is a divalent alkylene group having 1 to 6 20 carbon atoms, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 8 to about 100; Q is independently selected from the group consisting of said alkyl radical A, said 25 glycol moiety G and said alkyl radical R; x is 0 to 100, y is 0.1 to 25 and z is 0.1 to 50. A highly preferred silicone glycol-silicone alkane terpolymer (II) useful in the present invention as a silicone surfactant has the average structure Me Me I I Me 3 Si0(Si0) o . 64 (Si0) 1 . 36 SiMe, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 24 0C(0)CH 3 (V) -(CH 2 )uCH 3 wherein Me hereinafter denotes a methyl radical. The silicone glycol-silicone alkane terpoly- mers described above may be prepared by methods well known in the art. Briefly, the corresponding allyl- terminated glycol and alpha-alkene are coupled to an SiH-functional siloxane having the average structure Q'R 2 SiO(SiR 2 0) χ (SiRO) y+z SiR 2 Q' (VI) wherein Q' is R or hydrogen and R, x, y and z are as defined in Formula (IV) above. For the highly preferred silicone glycol- silicone alkane terpolymer described above, 0.77 moles of alpha-dodecene and 1.90 moles of an allyl- terminated glycol having the formula CH 2 =CHCH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 24 OC(0)CH 3 are reacted with one mole of an SiH-functional siloxane having the average structure Me I Me 3 Si0(Si0) 2 . oo SiMe 3 (VII) I H to form one mole of terpolymer product. Coupling is accomplished in the presence of a platinum catalyst at temperatures in the range of about 20 to about 150°C, the reaction preferably being carried out in a solvent such as toluene or isopropanol. Illustrative silicone surfactants prepared and utilized to illustrate this invention are hereinafter referred to as fluids. In addition to the aforementioned components, the compositions of the present invention may also contain other herbicide adjuvants commonly employed in the art. Examples of such adjuvants include crop oil concentrate, ORTHO X-77 spreader, drift control agents, such as LO-DRIFT, defoaming agents, such as D-FOAMER, compatibility agents, such as E-Z MIX, and other adjuvants well known in the herbicide art. In order to prepare the compositions of the present invention, from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of the silicone glycol-silicone alkane ter- polymer (II) is thoroughly mixed with each part by weight of herbicide (I). Preferably, from 0.5 to about 5 parts by weight of (II) are employed for each part of the pesticide (I). For a given herbicide, the skilled artisan will readily arrive at a herbicidal composition having the optimum ratio of the ingre¬ dients by routine experimentation. The above herbicidal composition may then be dispersed in water and sprayed onto plants accord¬ ing to the method of the present invention, described infra. Alternatively, the silicone glycol-silicone alkane terpolymer adjuvant may be added directly to a water solution or dispersion of herbicide. The compositions of this invention may be prepared, for example, by starting with a herbicide and adding in any order the various components of the composition of this invention. For example, one may start with a commercial formulation of the isopropyl- amine salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine which is an aqueous concentrate containing 480 grams per liter of the isopropylamine salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine (41%) by weight. Thereafter in any order one mixes suitable amounts (a) humectant ' (b) silicone surfactant and optionally inert adjuvant and adds any diluent water. If desired, one may prepare the composition of this invention by starting with either a herbicide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, or adjuvant, or humectant, or silicone surfactant. Water may be employed if desired in an amount desired. While the ratios of concentrations of the various components of this invention are hereinafter suggested, those of skill in the art will recognize that minor variations may be necessary to accommodate particular characteristics of acceptable herbicides which may be employed in this invention. Typically for a herbicide concentrate of this invention, the concentration of herbicide active ingredient will be in the range from about 2 to about 70% by weight and preferably in the range from about 4 to about 40 % by weight of the concentrate. In a final application solution of the herbicide of this invention as for example in a spray solution applied to foliage, the concentration of herbicide active ingredient will be in the range from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight and preferably in the range from about 0.15% to about 5% by weight of a final solution illustrative of this invention. The ratio of herbicidally active ingredient to silicone surfactant will be about the same whether the composition is a concentrate or a spray. Typically, the weight ratio of active ingredient to silicone surfactant is from about 1:30 to about 50:1 and preferably in the range from about 1:15 to about 10:1. The amount of humectant employed in the herbi¬ cide formulation is an amount sufficient to overcome (or safen) any antagonism of silicone surfactant toward the herbicide active and/or to improve rainfastness. The ratio of silicone surfactant to humectant in compositions of this invention will be about the same whether the composition is a concen¬ trate or a spray. Typically, the weight ratio of silicone surfactant to humectant will be in the range from about 1:1 to about 1:200 and preferably in the range from about 1:5 to about 1:50. Any humectant may be employed in this invention which provides the ability to overcome (or to safen) the antagonism of silicone surfactant toward a herbicide active. The ratio of herbicide active ingredient to adjuvant will depend to a great deal upon the nature and type of the herbicide active ingredient which is present in the composition. However, typically, the weight ratio of herbicide active ingredient to adju¬ vant is in the range from about 1:5 to about 10:1 and preferably in the range from about 1:2 to about 4:1. The amount of water which is employed to prepare the concentrate or final application concen¬ tration, as in a spray, is adjusted as necessary. The concentrate and/or final composition may be a dry formulation. Those of skill in the art will recognize that some departures may be made in the above ranges without significantly affecting the performance of the composition of this invention. The phytotoxicant compositions of this invention, particularly liquids and soluble powders, preferably contain (in addition to the herbicide active, silicone surfactant, and humectant, an inert adjuvant or conditioning agent), one or more surface- active agents in amounts sufficient to render a given composition readily dispersible in water or in oil. The incorporation of a surface active agent into the compositions of this invention greatly enhances their efficacy. By the term surface active agent, it is understood that wetting agents, dispersing agents , suspending agents and emulsifying agents are included therein. Anionic, cationic and nonionic agents can be employed with equal facility. Preferred wetting agents are alkyl benzene and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, sulfated fatty alcohols, amines or acid amides, long chain acid esters of sodium isothionate, esters of sodium sulfosuccinate, sulfated or sulfonated fatty acid esters petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated vegetable oils, ditertiary acetylenic glycols, polyoxyethylene derivatives of alkyl phenols (particularly isooctyl- phenol and nonylphenol) and polyoxyethylene deriva¬ tives of the fatty acid esters of hexito anyhydrides (sorbitan) Preferred dispersants are methylcellulose, polyvinylalcohol sodium lignin sulfonates, polymeric alky naphthalene sulfonates, sodium naphthalene sulfonate, polymethylene bisnahp- thalenesulfonates and sodium N-methyl-N-long chain acid laurates. Suitable surfactants (adjuvants) are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,799,758 and 4,405,531 supra both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. A particularly preferred composition of this invention comprises the commercial formulation Roundup herbicide, Silwet L-77, glycerine and diluent water. A particularly preferred method of use of this invention comprises use of that composition as a post emergent herbicide to kill or control rhizone johnsongrass, seedling johnsongrass, barnyard grass and downy brome. Water dispersible powder compositions can be made containing one or more active ingredients, an inert solid extender and one or more wetting and dispersing agents. The inert solid extenders are usually of mineral origin such as the natural clays, diatomaceous earth and synthetic minerals derived from silica and the like. Examples of such extenders include kaolinites, attapulgite clay and synthetic magnesium silicate. The water dispersible powder of this invention usually contain from about 5 to about 95 parts by weight of active ingredient, from about 0.25 to about 25 parts by weight of wetting agent, from about 0.25 to about 25 parts by weight of dispersant and from about 4.5 to about 94.5 parts by weight of inert solid extender, all parts being by weight of the total composition. Where required, from about 0.1 to about 2.0 parts by weight of the solid inert extender can be replaced by a corrosion inhibitor or antifoaming agent or both. Aqueous suspensions can be prepared by mixing together and grinding an aqueous slurry of water-insoluble active ingredient in the presence of dispersing agents to obtain a concentrated slurry of very finely divided particles. The resulting concen¬ trated aqueous suspension is characterized by its extremely small particle size so that when diluted and sprayed, coverage is very uniform. Although composition of this invention can also contain other additaments, for example ferti¬ lizers, phytotoxicants and plant growth regulants, herbicides and the like used as adjuvants or in combination with any of the above described adjuvants, it is preferred to employ the compositions of this invention along with sequential treatments with other phytotoxicants, fertilizers and the like for maximum effect. Composition of this invention can also be admixed with other material fertilizers, phytotoxi¬ cants and applied in a single application. Chemicals useful in combination with the active ingredients of this invention either simultaneously or sequentially including for example triazine, ureas,, carbamates, acetamides, uracils, acetic acids, phenols, thio- carbamates, triazoles, benzoic acids, nitriles and the like. When practicing this invention, effective amounts of herbicide for example, amounts of herbicide which kill or control plants, further for example effective amounts of N-phosphonomethylglycine or agriculturally acceptable salts thereof or derivatives are applied to above ground portions of plants (foliage in particular). The application of liquid and particulate solid herbicidal compositions to above ground portions of plants can be carried out by conventional methods, e.g. boom and hand application including sprayers or dusters. The composition can also be applied aerially as spray if desired. The application of an effective amount of the herbicide composition of this invention to selected locus such as a plant foliage is essential for the practice of this invention. The amount of herbicide active ingredient to be employed is depend¬ ent upon the response desired in the plant as well as such other factors as the plant species and stage of development thereof, the amount of rainfall as well as the specific herbicide employed. It is believed that one skilled in the art can readily determine from the teachings of this specification including examples, the approximate application rate. GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR EXAMPLES 1-34 The following weed species were used as indicator weeds: Common Name Scientific Name Seedling johnsongrass Sorghum halepense Rhizome johnsongrass Sorghum halepense Downy Brome Bromus tectorum Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Crabgrass Digitarias sp. Cocklebur Xanthium pennsylvanicum Redroot Pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus The narrowleaf and broadleaf test weeds were seeded separately into plastic pots 4 inches in diameter and 3 inches deep with drainage holes on the bottom. The pots contained Dupo silt loam soil obtained from the St. Charles Research Farm of Monsanto Company located in St. Charles, Missouri. Prior to use, the soil was steam sterilized at a temperature of 180 Degrees Fahrenheit. The soil used was either mixed with a slow release 14-14-14 ferti¬ lizer so as to prefertilize it or in some cases where the soil was not prefertilized, the soil was ferti- lized with a 5% commercial Rapid-Gro fertilizer solution via sub-irrigation 3 to 5 days prior to treating the plants in the pots with the chemical compositions. Seedling johnsongrass, barnyardgrass, downy brome, velvetleaf, crabgrass, cocklebur and redroot pigweed were started from seeds, rhizome johnsongrass plants were grown from rhizome pieces and yellow nutsedge from tubers. In all cases, sufficient seeds or stock propagules were planted to produce several seedlings in each pot. Approximately 7 to 10 days after seeding, the velvetleaf, cocklebur and redroot pigweed seedlings were thinned out leaving 2 to 3 healthy seedlings per pot. After the pots were seeded, the pots were moved into the greenhouse and placed on trays with each tray holding 40 to 60 pots. The trays were lined with absorbent mats for sub-irrigation. The green¬ house temperature was maintained at 86 Degrees Fahrenheit during the day and 70 Degrees Fahrenheit during the night. Photoperiod in the greenhouse was maintained at 14 to 16 hours daylength using supple¬ mental lighting. The seeded pots were watered via subirrigation as required. Depending on the weed species used in a given test, the chemical treatments were applied within 14 to 21 days after planting. At that time, the narrowleaf weeds were approximately 4 to 16 inches tall while the broadleaf weeds were 1 to 4 inches tall. Chemical treatments were applied post- emergence with the foliage of the weeds as the locus of application using a tract sprayer equipped with a single 8001E spray nozzle. The sprayer was previously calibrated to deliver a spray volume equivalent to about 20 gallons per acre of spray solution at a spraying pressure of about 30 psi. The chemical compositions illustrative of compositions of this invention used in the tests were formulated as tank mixtures the same day of appli¬ cation. The formulations comprised an agriculturally acceptable salt of N-phόsphonomethylglycine namely the isopropylamine salt, an inert adjuvant as a surfac- tant, a humectant, an organosilicone surface active copolymer and water. Rates of application based on N-phosphono- methyglycine ranged from about 1/8 to about 3 pounds glyphosate acid equivalent per acre. The ingredient ratios employed in the formulations were glyphosate to surfactant, about 1:0.125 to 1:1, surfactant to silicone 1:0.45 to 1:20, silicon surfactant to humectant about 1:1 to about 1:200. Rainfall treat¬ ment was applied one hour after spraying of the compositions using a rain tower calibrated to deliver approximately 1/4 inch of simulated rainfall withiπ ~ a period of about 15 minutes. After application of rainfall, the treated plants were placed on carts and moved into the green- house. After the plants had sufficiently dried out, the pots were returned to the greenhouse trays and arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design. Each treatment contained 3 replications. Control plants and appropriate standard treatments were provided in each test. A duplicate set of plants which received the same treatment and treated in a similar manner as the rainfall treated plants were also provided for comparison under no rain condition. Observations on the effects of the treat- ments were taken within 7 to 10 days for early burn- down effects and again within 21 to 28 days after treatment for longer term effects. A rating scale of 0% to 100% was used in estimating the degree of weed control with 0% having no observable effect and 100% as complete kill of the weed. The degree of burn, chlorosis, necrosis, stature reduction, and other observable effects of the treatments on plant species present in the test were taken into consideration in making the ratings. Although the invention is described with respect to specific modifications, the details thereof are not to be construed as limitations. Examples which follow illustrate compo¬ sitions and method of use of this invention. Within some of these Examples, there is comparative data obtained therewith in various columns and lines for compositions typical of prior art tank mixes com- prising Roundup® herbicide with L-77 added, Roundup® herbicide without added Silwet L-77 and Roundup® herbicide with glycerin (but no added silicone surfactant). In these examples, a.e. acid equivalent means acid equivalent of glyphosate acid (N-phosphonomethylglycine) . EXAMPLE Response of rhizome johnsongrass to Rotindup and Roundup + L-77 tank mixture under no rain condition and after simulated rainfall and mist treatments applied one hour after application of herbicide treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 14 and 28 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.25 0.75 Mean 14 Days After Treatment Roundup No Rainfall 10 92 51 1/4" Rainfall 3 15 9 Light Mist 7 87 47 Roundup + 1% L-77 No Rainfall 2 25 12 1/4" Rainfall 10 38 24 Light Mist 8 77 42 28 Days After Treatment Roundup No Rainfall 33 91 62 1/4" Rainfall 10 38 24 Light Mist 18 97 58 Roundup + 1% L-77 No Rainfall 10 28 22 1/4" Rainfall 22 48 35 Light Mist 28 88 53 EXAMPLE 2 Response of rhizome johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin at different concentrations of glycerin in the spray mixture in the absence of simulated rainfall treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 28 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.25 0.5 0.75 Mean Roundup 60 97 88 82 Roundup + 1% L-77 20 35 63 39 Roundup + 1% L-77 + 1% Glycerin 43 58 71 58 Roundup + 1% L-77 + 3% Glycerin 35 78 77 63 Roundup + 1% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 72 88 92 84 Roundup + 1% Glycerin 60 100 100 87 Roundup + 3% Glycerin 62 100 100 87 Roundup + 5% Glycerin 55 100 100 85 EXAMPLE Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin at different Glycerin concentration in the spray mixture with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. All treatments contained Roundup at 1/2 lb ae/A. Average % Inhibition Treatment Rainfall 7 DAT 21 DAT Roundup None 75 100 1/4" 17 53 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 23 45 1/4" 28 63 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 18 45 + 1% Glycerin 1/4" 60 93 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 33 66 + 2% Glycerin 1/4" 58 - 99 Roundup + 1% L-77 None • 82 96 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 52 92 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 93 100 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 82 99 EXAMPLE Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Propylene Glycol in the spray mixture with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. All treatments contained Roundup at 1/2 lb ae/A. Average % Inhibition Treatment Rainfall 7 DAT 21 DAT Roundup None 75 100 1/4" 17 53 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 23 45 1/4" 28 63 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 28 83 + 1% Propylene Glycol 1/4" 37 83 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 63 95 + 2% Propylene Glycol 1/4" 42 90 EXAMPLE Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + Silicone surfactant and Roundup + Silicone surfactant + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 23 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mean Roundup None 45 99 72 1/4" 5 72 38 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 3 25 14 1/4" 3 72 38 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 98 100 99 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 88 98 93 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 5 30 18 1/4" 18 78 48 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 80 99 90 + 10% Glycerin . 1/4" 37 97 67 Roundup + 0.25% SF-1188 None 7 96 52 1/4" 5 72 38 Roundup + 0.25% SF-1188 None 94 100 97 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 53 96 74 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 20 96 58 1/4" 10 43 26 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 97 100 98 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 85 100 92 Roundup + 10% Glycerin None 57 100 78 1/4" 0 40 20 EXAMPLE Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + PEG-200 with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mea: Roundup None 17 100 58 1/4" 0 88 44 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 3 22 13 1/4" 0 83 42 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 43 99 71 + 5% PEG-200 1/4" 77 98 88 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 95 100 97 + 10% PEG-200* 1/4" 68 100 84 Roundup + 0.50% L-77 None 8 20 14 1/4" 18 68 43 Roundup + 0.50% L-77 None 12 82 47 + 5% PEG-200 1/4" 42 96 69 Roundup + 0.50% L-77 None 80 100 90 + 10% PEG-200 1/4" 80 99 90 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 22 50 36 1/4" 42 77 59 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 17 50 33 + 5% PEG-200 1/4" 80 100 90 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 50 97 74 + 10% PEG-200 1/4" 65 98 82 H0(CH 2 CH 2 0) H n ~ 4.5 EXAMPLE Response of rhizome johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + Silicone SF-1188 as a silicone surfactant and Roundup + SF-1188 + Glycerin at different glycerin concentrations in the spray mixture with and without rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.25 0.75 Meai Roundup None 15 98 56 1/4" 2 23 12 Roundup + 1% SF-1188* None 8 85 47 1/4" z 7 4 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 28 82 55 + 1.25% Glycerin 1/4" 0 52 26 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 82 97 89 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 22 80 51 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 97 99 98 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 83 98 91 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 97 100 98 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 77 94 85 * SF-1188 is a silicone fluid comprising a copolymer of a polydimethylsiloxane and a polyoxyalkylene ether made and sold by General Electric Company, Silicone Products Division, Waterford, NY 12188. EXAMPLE Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-7607 and Roundup + L-7607 + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mea: Roundup None 0 98 49 1/4" 7 83 45 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 12 48 31 1/4" 27 87 57 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 37 • 52 44 + 1% Glycerin 1/4" 27 67 47 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 43 97 70 + 3% Glycerin 1/4" 38 88 63 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 63 100 82 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 90 95 93 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 93 100 97 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 83 98 91 EXAMPLE Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + SF-1188 and Roundup + SF-1188 + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mean Roundup None 0 98 49 1/4" 7 83 45 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 0 33 17 1/4" 13 76 45 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 3 59 31 + 1% Glycerin 1/4" 55 87 71 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 95 96 96 + 3% Glycerin 1/4" 58 99 79 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 100 95 97 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 93 100 97 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 93 100 97 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 99 100 100 EXAMPLE 10 Response of yellow nutsedge to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin with and without rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treat¬ ments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 28 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 1.0 2.0 3.0 Mean Roundup None 50 77 85 71 1/4" 23 47 73 47 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 45 67 96 69 1/4" 45 82 57 61 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 70 88 90 82 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 52 58 73 61 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 57 85 99 80 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 57 67 72 65 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 65 74 78 72 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 47 95 65 69 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 65 75 87 76 1/4" 60 73 73 69 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 67 84 80 77 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 58 70 79 69 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 70 88 90 83 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 53 63 90 69 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 89 93 99 94 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 77 63 92 77 EXAMPLE 11 Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures., containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Sorbitol with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 23 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Meai Roundup None 12 97 54 1/4" 5 63 34 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 3 7 5 1/4" 3 17 10 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 23 93 58 + 5% Sorbitol 1/4" 13 85 49 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 27 100 63 + 10% Sorbitol 1/4" 23 94 59 Roundup + 10% Sorbitol* None 32 98 65 1/4" 7 20 13 CH 2 0H I (CH0H) 4 I CH20H EXAMPLE 12 Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin at different concentrations of L-77 and glycerin in the spray mixture with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 24 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mean Roundup None 15 98 56 1/4" 10 87 48 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 None 12 38 25 1/4" 17 35 26 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 None 87 99 93 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 72 100 86 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 None 98 98 98 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 85 100 92 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 None 94 99 97 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 93 95 94 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 None 8 8 8 1/4" 13 84 49 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 None 79 100 89 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 7 83 45 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 None 98 99 99 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 63 99 81 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 None 90 99 95 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 82 98 90 Roundup + 0.30% L-77 None 7 18 13 1/4" 17 87 52 Roundup + 0.30% L-77 None 20 88 54 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 18 65 42 Roundup + 0.30% L-77 None 86 99 93 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 15 98 57 Roundup + 0.30% L-77 None 97 99 98 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 52 99 75 EXAMPLE 13 Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + Silicone and Roundup + Silicone surfactant + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Meai Roundup None 2 98 60 1/4" 0 5 3 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 0 5 3 1/4" 0 0 0 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 98 100 99 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 93 97 95 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 3 55 29 1/4" 15 28 22 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 78 100 89 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 67 100 83 Roundup + 0.25% L-7607 None 0 12 6 1/4" 0 2 1 Roundup + 0.25% L-7607 None 98 100 99 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 77 98 88 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 0 32 16 1/4" 0 8 4 Roundup + 1% L-7607 None 97 100 99 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 78 95 87 Roundup + 0.25% SF-1188 None 0 13 7 Silicone surfactant 1/4" 0 0 0 Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mea: Roundup + 0.25% SF-1188 None 92 100 96 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 10 65 38 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 0 15 8 1/4" 0 0 0 Roundup + 1% SF-1188 None 95 99 97 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 33 97 65 Roundup + 10% Glycerin None 45 100 72 1/4" 0 8 4 EXAMPLE 14 Response of downy brome to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 28 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.375 0.75 1.5 Meai Roundup None 15 75 100 63 1/4" 0 5 13 6 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 13 94 92 66 1/4" 3 7 8 6 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 95 99 100 98 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 5 18 72 32 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 97 99 99 98 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" • 17 38 56 37 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 97 88 99 95 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 58 42 70 57 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 23 23 72 39 1/4" 0 2 2 1 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 53 92 " 91 79 + 2.5% Glycerin 1/4" 7 2 12 7 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 95 100 99 98 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 3 22 40 22 Roundup + 1% L-77 None 93 100 100 98 + 10% Glycerin 1/4" 23 28 73 42 EXAMPLE 15 Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Humectant with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 22 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Mea; Roundup None 8 99 54 1/4" 3 32 18 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 13 3 8 1/4" 0 18 9 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 93 99 96 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 58 97 78 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 53 99 76 + 5% Dextrose 1/4" 15 85 50 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 97 100 98 + 5% Sodium Lactate* 1/4" 3 47 25 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 52 97 74 + 5% Lactic Acid* 1/4" 7 22 14 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 91 99 95 + 5% Triethylene Glycol 1/4" 91 98 95 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 91 99 96 + 5% PEG-200 1/4" 57 99 78 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 12 5 8 + 5% Cane Molasses* 1/4" 15 30 23 Roundup + 5% Dextrose None 13 97 55 1/4" 5 10 8 Humectants Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.125 0.375 Meai Roundup + 5% Sodium Lactate None 75 100 88 1/4" 2 27 14 Roundup + 5% Lactic Acid None 40 82 61 1/4" 0 33 17 Roundup + 5% Triethylene None 67 99 83 Glycol 1/4" 0 10 5 Roundup + 5% PEG-200 None 62 99 80 1/4" 2 25 13 Roundup + 5% Cane Molasses None 5 2 3 1/4" 5 2 3 EXAMPLE 16 Response of seedling johnsongrass to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + humectant at different concentrations of L-77 and humectant in the spray mixture without simulated rainfall treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.125 0.375 Mean Roundup 62 98 80 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 13 97 55 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 + 0.25% Glycerin 5 77 41 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 + 0.50% Glycerin 10 90 50 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 + 1.00% Glycerin 25 97 61 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 + 0.25% TEG* 12 83 47 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 + 0.50% TEG 12 93 52 Roundup + 0.01% L-77 + 1.00% TEG 42 88 65 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 3 68 36 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 + 0.025% Glycerin 2 45 23 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 + 0.50% Glycerin 2 57 29 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 + 1.00% Glycerin 15 78 46 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 + 0.25% TEG 2 43 23 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 + 0.50% TEG 0 55 28 Roundup + 0.025% L-77 + 1.00% TEG 13 77 45 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 2 28 15 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 + 0.50% Glycerin 0 8 4 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 + 1.00% Glycerin 2 35 18 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 + 2.50% Glycerin 58 73 66 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 + 0.50% TEG 0 13 7 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 + 1.00% TEG 0 33 17 Roundup + 0.05% L-77 + 2.50% TEG 25 75 50 * Triethylene glycol Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.125 0.375 Mean Roundup + 0.10% L-77 3 13 8 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 + 0.50% Glycerin 2 8 5 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 + 1.00% Glycerin 2 15 8 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 + 2.50% Glycerin 52 92 72 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 + 0.50% TEG 7 2 4 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 + 1.00% TEG 3 2 3 Roundup + 0.10% L-77 + 2.50% TEG 27 78 53 EXAMPLE 17 Response of cocklebur to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 22 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment Rainfall 0.0625 0.1875 0.3125 Mean Roundup None 60 100 100 87 1/4" 0 33 57 30 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 43 95 99 79 1/4" 30 80 75 62 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 80 95 100 92 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 55 83 100 79 EXAMPLE 18 Response of crabgrass and pigweed to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin in the absence of simulated rainfall treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 20 days after treatment. Average % Inhibition Glyphosate Treatment Rate (lb ae/A) Crabgrass Pigweed Roundup 0.0625 20 0 0.1875 96 100 0.3125 98 100 0.4375 100 100 Mean 76 75 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 0.0625 0 75 0.1875 33 100 0.3125 72 100 0.4375 78 100 Mean 46 94 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 0.0625 67 100 + 5% Glycerin 0.1875 97 95 0.3125 100 100 0.4375 100 100 Mean 91 99 EXAMPLE 19 Response of downy brome and velvetleaf to Roundup and tank mixtures containing Roundup + L-77 and Roundup + L-77 + Glycerin with and without simulated rainfall treatment. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 23 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Weed Treatment Species Rainfall 0.3125 0.4375 Mea: Roundup Downy Brome None 83 93 88 1/4" 68 63 66 Velvetleaf None 50 77 63 1/4" 0 2 1 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 Downy Brome None 63 82 72 1/4" 47 77 62 Velvetleaf None 80 80 80 1/4" 90 90 90 Downy Brome None 100 100 100 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 99 100 100 Velvetleaf None 47 97 72 1/4" 98 98 98 EXAMPLE 20 Response of seedling johnsongrass to glyphosate formulations containing quaternary ammonium surfactants at different glyphosate to surfactant ratios with and without L-77 and/or glycerin and in the absence of simulated rainfall treatment. Data show average growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.125 0.375 Mean Roundup 85 99 93 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 20 63 42 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 97 100 98 MON-0139/MON-0818*** (2:1) 78 99 89 M0N-0139/M0N-0818 + 0.25% L-77 15 86 51 M0N-0139/M0N-0818 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 93 98 96 M0N-0139/M0N-0818 (4:1) 73 99 86 M0N-0139/MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 18 47 32 MON-0139/MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 94 100 97 MON-0139/MON-0818 (8:1) 37 100 68 MON^0139/MϋN-0818 + 0.25% L-77 10 38 24 M0N-0139/M0N-0818 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 99 100 100 MON-0139/Arquad* T50 (2:1) 87 100 93 MON-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 17 76 46 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 99 100 99 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 (4:1) ' 90 100 95 MON-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 13 53 33 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 98 100 99 MON-0139/Arquad T50 (8:1) 43 100 72 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 10 43 27 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 98 100 99 MON-0139/Ethoquad** 0-25 (2:1) "~~ 72 ~ 99 86 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 18 84 51 MON-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 62 100 81 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 (4:1) 48 98 73 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 18 33 26 MON-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 95 100 98 Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.125 0.375 Mean M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 (8:1) 20 99 59 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 7 33 20 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 99 100 99 CH 3 Formula * = C 18 H 3S — M — (CH 2 CH 2 0) H Cl " I n m + n total 15 (CH 2 CH 2 0) H CH 3 1 + Formula ** = R—N— CH 3 Cl " CH 3 R is from tallow Formula *** = H m+n+p * 20 R is from tallow Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.125 0.375 Mean M0N-0139/Arquad B-100* (2:1) 74 100 87 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 27 85 56 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 93 99 96 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 (4:1) 77 100 88 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 25 73 49 M0N-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 99 100 100 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 (8:1) 33 100 67 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 23 73 48 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 99 100 100 CH 2 —0 +1 R—N—CH 3 Cl " CH 3 R = fatty acid EXAMPLE 21 Response of velvetleaf to glyphosate formulations containing quaternary ammonium surfactants at different glyphosate to surfactant ratios with and without L-77 and/or glycerin and in the absence of simulated rainfall treatment. Data show average growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.3125 0.50 Mean Roundup 27 77 52 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 72 87 79 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 68 94 81 M0N-0139/M0N-0818 (2:1) 38 75 57 MON-0139/M0N-0818 + 0.25% L-77 68 82 75 MON-0139/MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 83 91 87 MON-0139/MON-0818 (4:1) 23 70 47 MON-0139/MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 68 87 78 MON-0139/MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 77 87 82 MON-0139/MON-0818 (8:1) 20 68 44 MON-0139/M0N-0818 + 0.25% L-77 73 87 80 MON-0139/M0N-0818 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 73 87 80 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 (2:1) 25 78 52 MON-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 25 58 42 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 73 93 83 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 (4:1) 3 72 38 M0N-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 55 75 65 MON-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 65 88 77 MON-0139/Arquad T50 (8:1) 5 60 32 MON-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 60 77 68 MON-0139/Arquad T50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 75 83 79 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 (2:1) 15 80 48 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 52 73 62 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 77 88 82 MON-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 (4:1) 12 68 40 MON-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 62 77 69 MON-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 77 85 81 Roundup Rate (lb ae/A) Treatment 0.3125 0.50 Mean M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 (8:1) 7 47 27 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 73 90 82 M0N-0139/Ethoquad 0-25 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 75 86 81 M0N-Q139/Arquad B-100 (2:1) 18 62 40 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 63 68 66 M0N-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 77 87 82 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 (4:1) . 2 53 28 M0N-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 82 78 80 M0N-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin - 62 83 72 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 (8:1) 3 63 33 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 60 90 75 MON-0139/Arquad B-100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 67 78 72 EXAMPLE 22 The effect of different surfactant types on the efficacy and rainfastness of glyphosate + L-77 + glycerin tank mixtures on seedling johnsongrass and barnyardgrass. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. All treatments contained glyphosate at 3/8 lb ae/A. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 27 days after treatment. Seedling johnson¬ Barnyard¬ Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Inhibition Roundup None 100 73 1/4" 23 30 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 84 65 1/4" 0 17 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 + None 99 90 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 85 89 MON-0139 + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 100 94 1/4" 40 23 MON-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 68 50 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 3 13 M0N-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 97 + 0.25% L-77+ 5% Glycerin 1/4" 97 97 MON-0139 + 0.09% Witconate X-7163' None 85 69 1/4" 13 23 MON-0139 + 0.09% Witconate X-7163 None 15 12 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 17 20 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Witconate X-7163 None 100 95 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 90 80 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Ethoquad** C/12 None 100 100 1/4" 80 50 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Ethoquad C/12 None 40 65 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 27 32 wherein Witconate X-7163 is of the formula wherein n = 8 to 10 Seedling johnson¬ Barnyard¬ Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Inhibition M0N-0I39 + 0.09% Ethoquad C/12 None 100 99 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 100 85 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Sorpol 8227 None 100 87 1/4" 17 12 MON-0139_t0.09% Sorpol 8227 None 42 30 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 8 3 MON-0139 + 0.09% Sorpol 8227 None 93 98 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 91 74 MON-0139 + 0.09% Ethomeen C/12 None 38 70 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 13 5 MON-0139 + 0.09% Ethomeen C/12 None 100 100 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 97 85 MON-0139 + 0.09% Igepal CA-720 None 98 88 1/4" 68 60 MON 0139 + 0.09% Igepal CA-720 None 12 5 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 13 10 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Igepal CA-720 None 100 ""^ 95 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 97 91 MON-0139 + 0.09% Nonylphenol blend None 100 94 1/4" 30 23 MON-0139 + 0.09% Nonylphenol blend None 3 12 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 18 13 Seedling johnson¬ Barnyard Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Inhibitio] MON-0139 + 0.09% Nonylphenol blend None 100 98 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 87 70 MON-0139 + 0.09% Sterox NJ None 100 91 1/4" 0 0 MON-0139 + 0.09% Sterox NJ None 28 10 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 0 0 Igepal CA-720 = C 8 H 17 - ■ (CH 2 CH 2 0) 12 . 5 H Sterox NJ = C 9 H1 9 0 (CH 2 CH 2 0)g. 5 H CH 2 CH 2 0H !+ Sorpol 8227 = mix of Cι 2 H 25 —N- ) -CH 3 Cl " I CH 2 CH 2 0H with alkyl phenol ethoxylate CH 2 CH 2 0H 1+ Ethoquad C/12 is R—N—CH 3 Cl " where I CH 2 CH 2 0H R is from coco fatty acid. CH 2 CH 2 0H Ethomeen C/12 is R—N^ where ^CH 2 CH 2 0H R is from coco fatty acid. Seedling Johnson- Barnyard¬ Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Iiihibitio MON-0139 + 0.09% Sterox NJ None 100 90 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 90 86 MON-0139 + 0.09% Miranol CM-SFK None 100 99 1/4" 0 13 MON-0139 + 0.09% Miranol CM-SFK None 62 32 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 0 0 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Miranol CM-SFK None 98 76 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 95 62 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Aerosol MA-80 None 53 27 1/4" 0 0 M0N-0139 + 0.09% Aerosol MA-80 None 20 28 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 0 0 MON-0139 + 0.09% Aerosol MA-80 None 100 88 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 100 78 MON-0139 + 0.09% Frigate None 100 95 1/4" 45 43 MON-0139 + 0.09% Frigate None 73 78 + 0-25% L-77 1/4" 10 8 MON-0139 + 0.09% Frigate None 100 93 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 85 98 Aerosol MA-80 is C 6 H 13 0-C-CH-CH 2 -C-0-C 6 H 13 I S0i-Na+ Frigate is a based adjuvant tallow amine ethoxylate. Miranol CM-SFK where R is a coco Fatty acid or 0 CH 2 CH 2 0H II I R— CNH— CH 2 — CH 2 — N— CH 2 C00~Na+ EXAMPLE 23 The effect of different glyphosate salts on the efficacy and rainfastness of glyphosate + L-77 + glycerin tank mixtures on seedling johnsongrass and barnyardgrass. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. All treatments contained glyphosate at 3/8 lb ae/A. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 27 days after treatment. Seedling johnson¬ Barnyard¬ Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Inhibition Roundup None 100 88 1/4" 17 25 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 50 33 1/4" - 8 17 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 100 94 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 97 87 —Sodium-Glyphosate + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 98 80 1/4" 45 27 Sodium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 42 37 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 10 3 Sodium Glyphosate + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 100 92 + 0.25% L-77+ 5% Glycerin 1/4" 99 80 Potassium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 99 83 1/4" 48 28 Potassium Glyphosate + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 62 55 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 7 13 Potassium Glyphosate + 0.09% M0N-0818 None --- 100 73 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 96 90 Copper Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 97 70 1/4" 3 10 Copper Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 12 22 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 7 3 Seedling johnson¬ Barnyard¬ Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Inhibition Copper Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 72 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 96 67 IPA Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 78 1/4" 35 48 IPA Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 58 38 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 15 22 IPA Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 88 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 88 80 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 89 1/4" 32 38 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 88 81 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 7 23 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 88 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 86 82 EXAMPLE 24 The effect of different humectants on the efficacy and rainfastness of glyphosate + L-77 tank mixtures on seedling johnsongrass and barnyardgrass. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rain was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. All treatments contained glyphosate at 3/8 lb ae/A. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 26 days after treatment. Seedling johnson¬ Barnyard¬ Treatment Rainfall grass grass Average % Inhibition Roundup None 100 90 1/4" 50 30 MON-0139 + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 100 63 1/4" 37 27 M0N-0139 + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 97 73 + 0.25% L-77 1/4" 7 17 MON-0139 + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 100 89 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 100 81 MON-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 69 50 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Dipropylene glycol 1/4" 27 30 MON-0139 _ 0.09% MON-0818 None 57 47 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Ethylene glycol 1/4" 25 17 MON-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 96 62 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Butanol 1/4" 32 30 M0N-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 99 98 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glucose 1/4" 93 68 MON-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 86 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Fructose 1/4" 96 62 M0N-0139 + 0.09% MON-0818 None 100 84 + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Sucrose 1/4" 85 67 M0N-0139 is an aqueous concentrate comprising the isopropylamine salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine and water, about 62% isopropylamine salt by weight. MON-0818 is an ethoxylated tallow amine useful as a surfactant. EXAMPLE 25 Response of seedling johnsongrass, barnyardgrass and velvetleaf to tank mixtures containing ammonium glyphosate and L-77 with low level of glycerin for efficacy and rainfastness. Simulated rainfall equivalent to 1/4 inch of rainfall was applied approximately one hour after application of herbicide treatments. All treatments contained glyphosate at 3/8 lb ae/A. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 28 days after treatment. Seedling Johnson- Barnyard- Velvet- Treatment Rainfall grass grass leaf Average % Inhibition Roundup None 100 100 99 1/4" 33 38 0 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 None 25 42 100 1/4" 20 23 100 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 + 1% Glycerin None 47 90 100 1/4" 60 73 97 Roundup + 0.25% L-77 + 5% Glycerin None 100 98 100 1/4" 100 100 100 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% M0N-0818 None 98 100 92 1/4" 22 25 0 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 None 35 55 100 1/4" 13 10 100 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 None 87 92 100 + 1% Glycerin 1/4" 33 58 100 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% MON-0818 + 0.25% L-77 None 100 100 100 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 100 100 87 Seedling Johnson- Barnyard- Velvet- Treatment Rainfall grass grass leaf Average % Inhibition Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% Ethoquad C/12 None 100 100 72 1/4" 17 17 0 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% Ethoquad C/12 + 0.25% L-77 None 30 48 100 1/4" 32 22 88 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% Ethoquad C/12 + 0.25% L-77 None 65 95 100 + 1% Glycerin 1/4" 15 18 100 Ammonium Glyphosate + 0.09% Ethoquad C/12 + 0.25% L-77 None 100 100 100 + 5% Glycerin 1/4" 97 92 75 EXAMPLE 26 Response of certain broadleaf weeds to postemergence treatments of herbicide tank mixtures containing acifluorfen (Blazer® herbicide) + L-77 + Glycerin. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. Herbicide Rate Cockle¬ Morning- Velvet¬ Hemp Treatment (lb ai/A) bur glory leaf Sesbania Blazer herbicide 0.125 0 0 0 20 0.375 3 0 0 33 Blazer + 0.5% Triton 0.125 2 0 0 47 AG-98 0.375 17 3 10 97 Blazer + 0.5% Triton 0.125 25 55 20 47 AG-98 + 0.5% L-77 0.375 37 67 27 100 Blazer + 0.5% Triton 0.125 17 47- 27 72 AG-98 + 0.5% L-77 + 0.317 37 100 88 97 10% Glycerin Blazer + 0.5% L-77 0.125 10 33 20 28 0.375 25 68 87 100 Blazer + 0.5% L-77 0.125 17 0 33 27 + 10% Glycerin 0.375 80 98 80 77 Blazer + 0.5% X-45 0.125 20 23 20 57 + 10% Glycerin 0.375 20 43 48 100 Blazer + 0.5% X-45* 0.125 7 20 17 48 + 0.5% L-77 0.375 18 78 63 97 + 10% Glycerin Blazer + 0.5% Triton 0.125 5 3 0 32 AG-98 + 0.5% Igepal 0.375 17 12 32 53 CA-210 + 10% Glycerin Blazer + 0.5% L-77 0.125 30 27 23 37 + 0.5% Igepal CA-630 0.375 48 87 53 100 + 10% Glycerin * X-45, Blazer + humectant only Triton AG-98 Tank mix adjuvant, 80% alkylaryl polyoxyethylene glycols Triton X-45 C 8 H 17 0 (CH 2 CH 2 0) 5 H Igepal CA-630 C 8 H 17 0 (CH 2 CH 2 0) 9 H Igepal CA-210 C 8 H 17 0 (CH 2 CH 2 0)x. 5 H EXAMPLE 27 Response of seedling johnsongrass and barnyardgrass to postemergence treatments of herbicide tank mixtures containing imazaquin (Scepter® herbicide) + L-77 + Glycerin. Scepter was applied at 0.375 lb ai per acre. Data show average percent growth inhibition at 21 days after treatment. (a.i. means active ingredient.) Seedling Barnyard- Treatment johnsongrass grass Scepter herbicide 27 27 Scepter + L-77 47 50 Scepter + L-77 + Glycerin 57 53 Scepter + Triton X-45 + Glycerin 63 47 EXAMPLE 28 Response of barnyardgrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Silicone Fluid and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 3/8 lb ae/A, Fluid at 0.25% (v/v), and glycerin at 2.5% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) 0 Rain 1/4" Rain Treatment Glycerin + Glycerin - Glycerin + Glycerin Roundup 95 100 12 8 Roundup + Fluid 3 20 87 0 57 Roundup + Fluid 7 40 100 0 72 Roundup + Fluid 8 40 99 2 68 Roundup + Fluid 4 100 99 3 73 Roundup + Fluid 6 100 100 30 72 Roundup + Fluid 10 100 100 5 64 where fluids are defined hereinafter and are useful as Silicone surfactants herein. - means without + means with EXAMPLE 29 Response of barnyardgrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Fluid and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition 27 days after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 3/8 lb ae/A, Fluid at 0.25% (v/v), and glycerin at 5% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) 0 Rain 1/4'.' Rain Treatment - Glycerin + Glycerin - Glycerin + Glycerin Roundup roo 99 27 27 Roundup + Fluid 1 100 100 50 98 Roundup + Fluid 5 100 100 5 100 -68- EXAMPLE 30 Response of barnyardgrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Fluid and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition 23 days after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 3/8 lb ae/A, Fluid at 0.5% (v/v), and glycerin at 5% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) Treatment 0 Rain 1/4" Rain Roundup 96 3 Roundup + Glycerin 94 3 Roundup + Fluid 9 86 0 Roundup + Fluid 9 + Glycerin 100 85 EXAMPLE 31 Response of barnyardgrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Fluid and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition 24 days after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 1/2 lb ae/A, Fluid at 1% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) Treatment 0 Rain 1/4" Rain Roundup 100 23 Roundup + Fluid 6 100 63 Roundup + Fluid 6 + 1% Glycerin 100 53 Roundup + Fluid 6 + 3% Glycerin 100 86 Roundup + Fluid 6 + 5% Glycerin 100 95 EXAMPLE 32 Response of barnyardgrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Fluid and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition 26 days after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 3/8 lb ae/A, Fluid at 0.25% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) Treatment 0 Rain 1/4" Rain Roundup 98 3 Roundup + Fluid 2 73 3 Roundup + Fluid 2 + 1% Glycerin 98 40 Roundup + Fluid 2 + 2.5% Glycerin 86 63 Roundup + Fluid 2 + 5% Glycerin 88 98 Roundup + 5% Glycerin 85 3 EXAMPLE 33 Response of rhizome johnsongrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Fluid and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition 23 days after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 3/8 lb ae/A and glycerin at 1% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) Treatment 0 Rain 1/4" Rain Roundup 53 8 Roundup + 0.125% Fluid 6 100 73 + Glycerin Roundup + 0.25% Fluid 6 100 100 + Glycerin Roundup + 1% Fluid 6 100 93 + Glycerin Roundup + 1% Fluid 6 99 76 EXAMPLE 34 Response of rhizome johnsongrass to tank mixtures containing Roundup®, Fluids and glycerin in the absence or presence of 1/4 inch simulated rainfall applied one hour after treatment. Data show average percent growth inhibition 22 days after treatment. Roundup® was applied at 1/2 lb ae/A and Fluids 0.5% (v/v). The spray gallonage was equivalent to 20 gallons per acre of spray solution. Average % Inhibition (25 DAT) Silicone Glycerin Con. Additive (%) 0 Rain 1/4" Rain NONE - 95 27 Fluid 11 0 0 5 522 68 0.5 80 43 1 1 4 488 58 2 76 67 5 100 89 Fluid 7 0 0 1 133 5 0.5 65 15 1 1 9 988 43 2 98 77 Fluid 8 0 0 1 188 7 0.5 45 20 1 72 45 2 2 9 999 78 Fluid 6 0 0 9 900 73 0.5 99 88 1 99 91 2 100 98 Fluid 10 0 0 9 922 60 0.5 96 80 1 99 93 2 99 97 Note: Glycerin concentration is expressed as % of the total spray volume based on a spray gallonage equivalent to 20 galons/A. Fluid 11 is a material of Formula IV wherein Q and R are both methyl, x and y are both zero, G is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 (0CH 2 CH 2 ) 7 0C=0Me and z is 1. FLUIDS Me3SiO(SiMe 2 0)x(Si eAO)y(Si eGO)zSiMe3 XUID ALKANE ALKANE EO GLYCOL DIMETHYL CHAIN UNITS UNITS UNITS UNITS LENGTH (y) (m) (z) (x) 1 16 0.90 12 4.60 8.5 2 12 1.32 12 2.68 2.0 3 12 0.50 4 5.00 8.5 4 12 1.50 24 2.50 2.0 5 12 0.64 7 1.36 0.0 6 12 0.64 24 1.36 0.0 7 12 0.50 4 3.50 2.0 8 12 0.25 4 1.75 0.0 9 12 2.00 12 9.00 19.0 10 12 1.00 24 4.50 8.5 all wherein G is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 0CH 2 CH 2 OC=OMe

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. An enhanced herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidally effective amount of a herbicide, humectant, and silicone surfactant. 2 . The herbicide composition of Claim 1 wherein said herbicide is selected from the group consisting of acifluorfen (5-(2-chloro-ααα-trifluoro- p-tolyloxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid and its agriculturally acceptable salts thereof; oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-l- (3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene: lactofen, (l'-(Carboethoxy)ethyl 5-'2-chloro-4-(tri- fluoromethyl)phenoxyl'-2-nitrobenzoate: imazaquin (2-'4,5-Dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-lH- imidazol-2- yl'-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and the agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, N-phosphono¬ methylglycine and/or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, mixtures thereof and the like. 3. The herbicide composition of Claim 2, wherein said herbicide is N-phosphonomethylglycine or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. 4. The herbicide composition of Claim 3, wherein said agriculturally acceptable salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is the isopropylamine salt. 5. The herbicide composition of Claim 3, whieh-comprises the isopropylamine salt of N-phosphono¬ methylglycine, Silwet L-77, and humectant. 6. The herbicidal composition of Claim 1 wherein said silicone surfactant comprises a poly- alkylene oxide modified dimethylpolysiloxanes copolymer(s) having the average general formula: wherein a ranges from 3 to about 24, b ranges from 0 to about 15, x is in the range from about 0 to 3 and y ranges from 1 to 5 and in which "2" can be hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having 1-3 carbon atoms or ~ an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. 7. The herbicidal composition of claim 6, wherein a ranges from 4 to 7, b ranges from 0 to 3, x = 0 and y = 1. 8. The herbicidal composition of claim 1, wherein said silicone surfactant is a compound of the Formula R R I I QR 2 SiO(SiR 2 0) SiO) SiO) SiR 2 Q wherein R is independently selected from alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; A is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; G is a glycol moiety having the formula -R' (0CH 2 CH 2 ) m 0Z, in which R' is a divalent alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 8 to about 100; Q is independently selected from the group consisting of said radical A, said glycol moiety G and said alkyl radical R; x is 0 to 100, y is 0.1 to 25 and z is 0.1 to 50. 9. The herbicidal composition of claim 8, wherein said silicone surfactant is a compound of the average Formula Me Me I I Me 3 Si0(Si0) o . 64 (Si0) 1 . 36 SiMe 3 -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 24 OC(0)CH 3 wherein Me denotes a methyl radical. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein said herbicide is N-phosphonomethylglycine or an agriculurally acceptable salt thereof and said silicone surfactant is selected from the group consisting of those having the average formula Me I Me 3 SiO(SiO)SiMe 3 (III) I C 3 H 6 -0(C 2 Η 4 0) (C 3 H 6 0) b Z wherein Me is a methyl radical, a is from 4 to 7, b is 0 to 3 and Z is selected from the group of hydrogen, alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and those having the average formula (R 2 )SiO(SiR 2 0)x(S,iO)y(S!iO)z_SiR 2 (IV) wherein R is independently selected from alkyl radicals having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; A is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 7 to 30 carbon atoms; G is a glycol moiety having the formula -R' (OCH 2 CH 2 ) OZ, in which R' is a divalent alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 8 to about 100; Q is independently selected from the group consisting of said radical A, said glycol moiety G and said alkyl radical R; x is 0 to , 100, y is 0.1 to 25 and z is 0.1 to 50. 11. The herbicidal composition of claim 10, wherein said silicone surfactant comprises those having the average formula Me I Me 3 SiO(SiO)SiMe 3 (III) I C 3 Hβ-O(C 2 H 4 O) (C 3 H β O) b Z wherein Me is a methyl radical, a is from 4 to 7, b is 0 to 3 and Z is selected from the group of hydrogen, alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. 12. The herbicidal composition of claim 10, wherein said agriculturally acceptable salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine is an amine, trimethylsul- fonium, or an iminourea salt. 13. The herbicidal composition of claim 10, wherein said agriculturally acceptable salt of N-phosphonomethgylglycine is the isopropylamine salt. 14. The herbicidal composition of Claim 7, wherein said humectant is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerine, sodium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, homolinear polymers of ethylene oxide, soluble collagen, lactic acid and salts thereof, cane molasses and the like. 15. The herbicidal composition of Claim 7, wherein the concentration of active ingredient is in the range from about 2 to about 70% by weight. 16. The herbicidal composition of Claim 12, wherein the concentration of said active ingredient is in the range from about 4 to about 40% by weight. 17. The herbicidal composition of Claim 13, wherein in a final application solution, the concen¬ tration of said active ingredient is in the range from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight. 18. The composition of Claim 14, wherein in a final application solution to be made on foliage, the concentration of said active ingredient is in the range from about 0.15% to about 5% by weight. 19. The composition of Claim 14, wherein the ratio of active ingredient to silicone surfactant is about 1:1. 20. The composition of Claim 16, wherein 5 the ratio of active ingredient to silicone surfactant is in that range from about 1:30 to about 50:1. 21. The composition of Claim 17, wherein the weight ratio of active ingredient to silicone surfactant is in the range from about 1:15 to about • 10 10:1. 22. The composition of Claim 16, wherein the ratio of silicone surfactant to humectant is about the same. 23. The composition of Claim 19, wherein 15 the weight ratio of silicone surfactant to humectant is in the range from about 1:1 to about 1:200. 24. The composition of Claim 20, wherein the weight ratio of silicone surfactant to humectant is in the range from about 1:5 to about 1:50. 20 25. The composition of Claim 19, wherein the weight ratio of active ingredient to adjuvant is in the range from about 1:5 to about 10:1. 26. The composition of Claim 22, wherein the weight ratio of active ingredient to adjuvant is 25 in the range from about 1:2 to about 4:1. 27. A composition of Claim 1, which further comprises inert adjuvants and water. 28. The composition of Claim 1, wherein said composition is a dry composition. 29. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 1. 30. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 2 . 31. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 3 . 32. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 4 . 33. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 5 . 34. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 6 . 35. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 7 . 36. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 8 . 37. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 9 . 38. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 10 . 39. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 11 . 40. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 12 . 41. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 13 . 42. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 14 . 5 43. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 15 . 44. A herbicidal method of use for killing 10 or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 16 . 45. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a 15 plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 17 . 46. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of 20 Claim 18 . 47. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 19 . -25 48. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 20 . 49. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 21 . 50. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 22 . 51. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 23 . 52. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 24 . 53. A herbicidal method of use for killing or controlling weeds which comprises contacting a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Claim 25 .

Inventors: BECHER DAVID ZACHARY, BOHN JOSEPH ALLEN, DAYAWON MIGUEL MOLINA, DIFATE VICTOR GEORGE, EKELAND ROBERT ALAN, PETROFF LENIN JAMES, RAO SUDABATHULA RAJARAMAMOHANA, ROMENESKO DAVID JOSEPH, SANDBRINK JOSEPH JUDE, STRIEBEL STEPHEN MICHAEL, BECHER, DAVID, ZACHARY, BOHN, JOSEPH, ALLEN, DAYAWON, MIGUEL, MOLINA, DIFATE, VICTOR, GEORGE, EKELAND, ROBERT, ALAN, PETROFF, LENIN, JAMES, RAO, SUDABATHULA, RAJARAMAMOHANA, ROMENESKO, DAVID, JOSEPH, SANDBRINK, JOSEPH, JUDE, STRIEBEL, STEPHEN, MICHAEL
Applicants: MONSANTO CO, MONSANTO COMPANY
Application year: 1989
Main classification: A01N25
IPC codes: A01N25, A01N37, A01N57