THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS WITH MODIFIED KRINGLE DOMAINS

Abstract: This invention is related to analogs of thrombolytic agents having a modified kringle domain. More specifically this invention is directed to TPA type compounds wherein modifications in the kringle 1 and kringle 2 domains occur. This invention is also directed to analogs with one or more changes in the kringle domain of urokinase-type compounds. The compounds of this invention are pharmaceutically useful having particular use in the same manner as TPA and urokinase.

Description: THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS WITH MODIFIED KRINGLE DOMAINS FIELD OF INVENTION This invention is to analogs of thrombolytic agents having a modified kringle domain. More specifically this invention is directed to TPA type compounds wherein modifications in the kringle 1 and kringle 2 domains occur. This invention is also directed to analogs with one or more changes in the kringle domain of urokinase- type compounds. The compounds of this invention are pharmaceutically useful having particular use in the same manner as TPA and urokinase. BACKGROUND OF INVENTION Plasminogen activators (PA's) are known to play a central role in the fibrinolytic process. Their mechanism of action involves conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen to plas in, an active serine protease, which in turn degrades the fibrin network of a clot. There are two known types of physiologically relevant PA's: urokinase-type plasminogen activators (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activators (TPA). TPA's are found to be far more specific in their action than uPA's showing a higher affinity for fibrin than uPA's and a specificity for the blood clot itself. Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) is a glycosylated 66,000 daltons serum protease of 527 amino acid residues produced by the vascular endothelial cells. It is a single polypeptide chain made up of five major domains: the fibronectin finger domain (F t ) , the growth factor domain (G t ) , the kringle 1 (K t l) and kringle 2 (K t 2) domains and the active site (A t ) . It is also known that TPA becomes activated upon binding to fibrin. When digested with plasmin, the one-chain TPA is cleaved at a single site (Arg 275-Ile 276) converting it to a two-chain form, a light and a heavy chain connected by a disulfide bridge. The light chain derived from the carboxy terminus contains the catalytic site. It has a great deal of homology with other serine proteases and does not bind fibrin. The heavy chain derived from the amino terminus is a multi-domain entity with homology to several other serine proteins. It contains a finger domain, a growth factor domain and two kringles. The kringles are triple disulfide structures. The heavy chain has been found to bind fibrin. TPA is cleared by the liver through the heavy chain. Our recent results have shown that fibrin binding of TPA is localized in two domains. The finger domain contains a high affinity TITUTE SHEET fibrin binding site and the kringle 2 domain a low affinity fibrin binding site. The affinity of the latter site is increased by plasminogen. Stimulation by fibrin and fibrinogen fragments however is mainly localized in the kringle 2 domain. Results obtained by another group (van Zonneveld and Pannekoek, CLB, Amsterdam) suggest stimulation by fibrin does not occur when Kl is directly coupled to the light chain. These results lead to the conclusion that the position of kringle 2 (adjacent to the light chain) and its structure are essential for its role in fibrin stimulation of activity. When we compare the amino acid sequences of TPA K2 with TPA Kl, the uPA kringle, and the five plasminogen kringles there are only a limited number of amino acids that are unique for TPA K2. Particularly a group of amino acids around number 250 in the inner loop of the kringle is interesting in this respect. Urokinase was first isolated from urine. It was then isolated from cultured cells, e.g., kidney cell lines and recently by expression of cDNA in E. coli or mammalian cells in culture. When urokinase is expressed in E. coli, it must be renatured. Urokinase is a single polypeptide of 411 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 55,000 daltons. This single chain form, also designated pro-urokinase (pro-u-PA) or single chain urokinase (scu-PA) has low activity, but it can be converted to a two-chain (tuc-PA) form by e.g. , plasmin. The two chains stay connected to each other by a single disulfide bridge. In u-PA, three domains can be discerned - a growth factor (G u ), a kringle domain (Ku) and a protease domain (P u ). The G u domain can interact with a cellular receptor. The P u domain contains the active site residues serine, histidine, and asparagine which are usually found in serine proteases. The function of the k y^ domain is unknown. Homologous kringle domains also occur in plasminogen, factor XII, prothro bin and lipoprotein. In both t-PA and plasminogen, one or more kringle domains are involved in fibrin binding. This has not been observed in u-PA. Like t-PA, u-PA catalyses the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen to the active protease plasminogen. In the case of t-PA this conversion is greatly enhanced by fibrin, whereas for u-PA this is not the case. Nevertheless, fibrin specificity for u-PA has been observed. This observation has UBSTITUTE been explained by assuming that u-PA preferentially activates fibrin- bound plasminogen. Since the fibrin specificity of t-PA and u-PA is based on a different mechanism, it should be possible in principle to combine the desired properties of both molecules in a single hybrid molecule. Such hybrids have been constructed, containing long pieces of u-PA and the fibrin binding domains of t-PA or plasminogen. The results are disappointing. Although some fibrin affinity is present in some hybirds, they do not compare to that of t-PA itself. What is needed are novel t-PA and u-PA analogs which have a greater affinity for fibrin clots and a longer half-life. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Patent application PCT WO 87/03906 published July 2, 1987 describes TPA analogs comprising an active site, i.e., the protease domain, and one or more domains selected from the finger domain, the growth factor domain, the kringle 1 domain, and the kringle 2 domain wherein the domain regions have been altered from their native arrangement with respect to their order, occurrence, or both, provided that the overall molecular weight of the protein does not exceed 90,000 daltons and no domain appears more than twice. The compounds of the present invention are different from the compounds described in WO 87/03906 in that the kringle t 1 and kringle t 2 domains are modified and have a different amino acid sequence from that found in TPA. In addition, PCT WO 87/03906 does not teach urokinase analogs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides thrombolytic agents with one or more modified kringle domains. The present invention further provides oligonucleotides having the following nucleotide sequence: TACGTCTTTAAGAACCGCAGGCTGACGTGGGAG 3' GCAGAACTCCCACGTCAGCCTGCGGTTCTT 3' GATCCGTTAACGACTGCTACTTTGGCAATGGTTCAGCCTACCGTG 3' GCACGCACAGCCTCACCGAGTCAGGTGCCTCATGCCTTCCGTGGAAT 3' TCCATGATCCTGATAGGCAAGGTTTACACAGCACAGAATCCTAGTGCTC 3' AGGCACTGGGACTCGGCAAACATAATTACTGCCGGAATCCT 3 • GATGGCGATGCCAAGCCATGGTGCCACGTGCTGAAGGCAGGTAAGT 3' GCGTGCCACGGTAGGCTGAACCATTGCCAAAGTAGCAGTCGTTAACG 3' SUBSTITUTE SHEET CATGGAATTCCACGGAAGGCATGAGGCACCTGACTCGGTGAGGCTGT 3' AGTGCCTGAGCACTAGGATTCTGTGCTGTGTAAACCTTGCCTATCAGGAT 3' CGCCATCAGGATTCCGGCAGTAATTATGTTTGCCGAGTCCC 3' GAGCTGTACTTACCTGCCTTCAGCACGTGGCACCATGGCTTGGCAT 3' ACAGCTCAGAGTACTGTGATGTGCCTTCCTGCGCAACCGCA 3' TGCGGCCGGAGATACAGCCAGCCTCAGTTTCGCATCAAAGGAGGTA 3' GCCGCATGCGGTTGCGCAGGAAGGCACATCACAGTACTCT 3' and AGCTTACCTCCTTTGATGCGAAACTGAGGCTGGCTGTATCTCCG 3' . The present invention further provides TPA analog compounds wherein the kringle t domains are modified as follows: in kringle t 1 the amino acids at positions 160 to 165 are replaced by the amino acids found at positions 248 to 253 of kringle t 2; in kringle t 2 the amino acids at positions 248 to 253 are replaced by the amino acids found at positions 160 to 165 of kringle t 1. More specifically kringle t 1 is modified by substituting asparagine (N) , arginine (R) , arginine (R) , leucine (L) , threonine (T) , tryptophan (W) respectively at positions 160 to 165. More specifically kringle t 2 is modified by substituting alanine (A) , glycine (G) , lysine (K) , tyrosine (Y) , serine (S) , serine (S) respectively at positions 248 to 253. Thus the amino acids which normally occur at positions 160 to 165 in kringle t 1, i.e., A, G, K, Y, S, S are replaced by N, R, R, L, T, W, and the amino acids which normally occur at positions 248 to 253 of kringle t 2, i.e., N, R, R, L, T, W are replaced by A, G, K, Y, S, S. Hereinafter kringle t 1 and kringle t 2 modified as described above will be referred to as k t l and k t 2 respectively to distinguish these modified kringle t domains from the naturally occurring domains K t l and K t 2. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to TPA analog compounds comprising an active or protease site (A) and one or more domains selected from the finger domain (F) , "the growth factor domain (G t ) , the modified kringle 1 domain • (k t l), and the modified kringle 2 domain (k t 2) wherein the domain regions have been altered from the native arrangement with respect to their order, occurrence or both provided that no domain appears more than twice. Native arrangement means the relationship of the domains identified for native or naturally occurring TPA which is known to be FGK1K2A. The present invention also provides a human u-PA analog that is a better thrombolytic agent than native u-PA in that it exhibits increased fibrin binding and/or better stimulation by fibrin or combination of other properties. The present invention focuses on the kringle region of u-PA wherein the kringle u is modified by replacing the amino acid residues at position 118-123 inclusive of u-PA with the amino acids found at position 248-253 inclusive of K t 2 of t-PA. More specifically, ¥^_ is modified by replacing glycine (G) , Leucine (L) , Lysine (K) , Proline (P) , Leucine (L) and Valine (V) with Asparagine (N) , Arginine (R) , Arginine (R) , Leucine (L) , Threonine (T) and Thyrptophan (W) , respectfully. The present invention describes the development of a human TPA analog that is a better thrombolytic agent than native TPA in that it exhibits one or more of the following properties: (1) a longer half- life than native TPA; (2) enhanced affinity for fibrin clots; and (3) lower or no binding to endogenous inhibitors, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor #1. The present invention focuses on both of t-PA's kringle structures which have relatively conserved amino acid sequences. Only K t 2 appears to be vital to TPA's effectiveness for fibrin enhanced activity. The longest stretch of non-conserved sequence between kringle t 1 and kringle t 2 is six amino acids. It is thought that this stretch might be responsible for fibrin binding affinity of K t 2 versus K t l. Therefore, this region is switched from kringle t 1 to kringle t 2 and vice versa. To accomplish this, both kringle t structures must be reassembled from oligonucleotides containing the desired changes. The modified kringle t structures are enzymatically assembled from oligonucleotide fragments that are chemically synthesized using a solid-phase phosphoramidite triester coupling approach. After enzymatic assembly of the oligonucleotide fragments, each kringle t structure is individually cloned and successfully sequenced using the dideoxy sequencing methodology. The key starting materials for making the compounds (to be used in making modified kringles t ) of the present invention are described in patent application PCT WO 87/03906 published July 2, 1987, which is incorporated herein by reference. In the present invention, small changes in the K^ domain of u-PA are described which improve the fibrin binding properties, but do not alter the structure of the molecule very much. A u-PA molecule like SUBSTITUTE SHEET this is possibly better for thrombolytic therapy than either naturally occurring t-PA or u-PA and may lead to a lower dosage (and cheaper treatment) with less side effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION As used herein, the domains of t-PA are denoted by subscript t. The domains of u-PA are denoted by subscript u. As indicated hereinabove key starting materials for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention are described in patent application PCT WO 87/03906. These key starting materials are two prototype genes having unique endonuclease restriction sites between the domains of TPA designated herein F t , G t , K t l, K t 2, and A t for the finger, growth factor, kringle 1, kringle 2, and protease or active site domains respectively. It should be noted that the kringle 1 (K t l) and kringle 2 (K t 2) domains in the two prototype genes have the nucleotide sequence which would give the natural amino acid sequence as found in TPA. These two prototype genes are deposited in accordance with the Budapest Treaty. The host microorganisms are E. coli strains containing plasmids designated pTPA-Bl,2,3,4(a) and pTPA-Bl,2,3,4 and illustrated in Charts 1 and 2 respectively. The deposits were made with the Northern Regional Research Center, Peoria, Illinois, USA. pTPA-Bl,2,3,4(a) was deposited on August 29, 1986 and assigned Accession Number NRRL B-18106. pTPA-Bl,2,3,4 was deposited on November 28, 1986 and assigned Accession Number NRRL B-18142. Starting materials for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention are the DNA moieties for the modified kringle t structures which were enzymatically assembled from oligonucleotide fragments that were chemically synthesized using a solid-phase phosphoramidite triester coupling approach. After enzymatic assembly of the oligonucleotide fragments, each kringle t structure was indi¬ vidually cloned and sequenced using the dideoxy sequencing methodology. The DNA sequence of the modified kringle 1 (k t l) domain (block 3') is depicted in Chart 3 wherein the differences between the DNA sequences of the modified kringle t 1 and the natural kringle t 1 are noted with underlining. The DNA sequence of the modified kringle 2 domain (k t 2) (block 4') is depicted in Chart 4. In addition to modifying the DNA coding for the amino acids at positions 248 to 253 in kringle t 2 long stretches of guanosines (G) and cytidines (C) were BSTITUTE SHEET eliminated. Each nucleotide change is marked with an asterisk (*) . The dashed underlining portion of the sequence represents a linker at the 3' -end of the sequence for cloning purposes. The materials and enzymes used in preparing the modified kringlet domains are obtained as follows. All the reagents for oligonucleotide synthesis are ordered from Applied BioSystems (ABI) except for acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) which are both from Burdick and Jackson. Acetonitrile is dried by refluxing over calcium hydride followed by distillation. Acrylamide, bis-aer lamide, bromophenol blue, xylene cyanol and TEMED (tetramethylenediamine) are all purchased from BioRad. Urea is from Bethesda Research Laboratories. Lysozyme, glucose and ampicillin are obtained from Sigma. T4 polynucleotide kinase and T4 DNA ligase, as well as all the restriction enzymes are purchased from New England BioLabs. RNase A is from Pharmacia and Reverse Transcriptase from Seikagaku America, Inc. The dNTP's and ddNTP's are purchased from Pharmacia. • γ-32p ATP and a-^P dATP are ordered from Amersha . The E. coli AG1 competent cells come from Stratagene. The tryptone and yeast extract for Lennox Broth both are purchased from Difco Labs as is the an i- biotic medium 2 for the agar plates. The nitrocellulose filters comes from Schleicher and Schuell. All new oligonucleotides (P106, P107, P108-P112, P114-P118, P120-P123) required for the assembly of the modified kringle 1 (k t l) and kringle 2 (k t 2) are synthesized on an ABI 380B DNA synthesizer using the solid-phase phosphoramidite triester coupling approach (S.L. Beaucage, M.H. Caruthers, Tetrahedron Letters 22:1859-1862, 1981). The oligonucleotides are cleaved off the support and partially deprotected using the synthesizer's deprotection program followed by treatment with concentrated ammonium hydroxide at 50°C overnight. They are purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions as previously described in detail (N.Y. Theriault, et al., Nucleosides and Nucleotides 5:15-32, 1986). The oligonucleotides are sized by labeling with - 3:2 P ATP in the presence of T4 polynucleotide kinase and running a polyacrylamide gel under denaturing conditions against known standards. The k t l DNA (block 3') is made using the same oligonucleotides as used for kringle t 1 DNA described in PCT WO 87/03906 except oligonucleotides P32 and P42 are replaced by P106 and P107 SUBSTITUTE SHEET respectively in order to change the six amino acids as described above. The modified k t l block 3' is made up of a total of 20 oligonucleotides varying in length from a 21-mer to a 33-mer and has the structures set forth in Chart 4. The k t 2 DNA (block 4') is made using a total of 12 oligonucleotides varying in length from a 41-mer to a 50-mer. The structures of the oligonucleotides are depicted in Chart 4. Oligonucleotides P24 to P31, P33 to P41 and P43 are purchased from New England BioLabs. All the other oligonucleotides P106, P107, P108-P112, P114-P118, P120-P123 ranging in length from a 30-mer to a 50-mer are synthesized in very good yield (99.0% + per coupling). The oligonucleotides are deprotected and purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the conditions published by N.Y. Theriault, et al.*, ibid. They are desalted on Waters SepPak C-18 cartridges. Their sizes and purities are confirmed by labeling with γ- 3 2P ATP and polynucleotide kinase and running them on a polyacrylamide gel against known standards. The k t l (block 3') is assembled following the strategy elaborated in Chart 5. The fragments are divided in two groups and ligated to yield 1121 J125 and K148 L146. After purification and isolation, these are annealed and ligated to yield block 3'. After purification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (10%) under non- denaturing conditions and isolation, block 3' is successfully cloned into pBR322, and sequenced by dideoxy methodology (E.Y. Chen, P.H. Seeburg, DNA 4:165-170, 1985; A.M. Maxam, W. Gilbert, Methods in Enzymol., 65:499-560, 1980). The enzymatic assembly of k t 2 (block 4') is carried out as illustrated in Chart 6 and yielded M-182 N-185 and 0-133 P-130. After purification and isolation these are annealed and ligated to yield block 4' . After purification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (10%) under non-denaturing conditions and isolation, block 4' is cloned into pBR322 and sequenced as described above. In cloning the modified kringle t 1 and modified kringle t 2 DNA the plasmids pBR322/Bam HI and Cla 1, and pBR322/Bam HI and Hind III are prepared. The circular pBR322 is cut with the appropriate restriction enzymes following the conditions outlined by the supplier for the enzymes being used. Purification is then done on a horizontal preparative 1% agarose gel in 1 X E buffer (0.04 M Tris SUBSTITUTE SHEET acetate, 0.002 M EDA) at 30V overnight. The DNA was electroeluted from the agarose band in 0.5 X E buffer at 50V for 4 hours, phenol extracted, and ethanol precipitated. After enzymatic assembly of the oligonucleotides to generate the desired sequence, each of the kringle t structures is ligated into its respective linear plasmid using T4 DNA ligase, 100 ng of plasmid DNA, and approximately 100-fold molar excess of insert DNA. The ligation is done in 20 μl of ligation buffer (0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 7.4; 0.1 M MgCL ; 0.1 M DTT; 10 mM ATP) at 15°C overnight. Equimolar amounts (0.2 nmol) of the gene fragments are labeled, annealed, ligated and the resulting ligated products purified as described previously in detail (N.Y. Theriault, * et al., ibid., and Biotechniques 6:470-474 (1988); Jay, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 259:6311-6317, "(1984). E. coli AG1 competent cells from Stratagene are used for transformation of the plas id/insert ligation reaction mixture. Transformations are done of each ligation reaction mixture, using 5 ng of reaction mixture DNA for each transformation. The transformations are done on ice for 30 minutes, heat shocked at 42"C for 45 seconds, and then grown in L-broth at 37 * C for an hour before plating on agar plates containing ampicillin. Details of the procedure can be found in Maniatis, et al. , Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1982, and in Stratagene's product information. All positive transformants are identified by hybridization experiments with oligos used in the construction of the kringle t structures. The oligos chosen for hybridization are less than 25 bases long and have a base composition of approximately 50% G/C. The hybridizations and filter washes are done at different temperatures depending on the length of the oligonucleotides being used. Modified kringle t l is done 12 hours at 42°C and washed with 0.1 X SSC at 50 β C for 30 minutes and at 55°C for 30 minutes with fresh SSC. The oligo being used is P25 which is a 24 mer and has 63% G/C content. Modified kringle t 2 is done at 42°C for 72 hours with P48, a 23 mer with 43% G/C content. Washings are done the same way as for modified kringle t 1. It is finally washed with 0.2 X SSC once at 42 β C. Details of these protocols can be found in Maniatis, et al. , ibid. Positive transformants are identified by autoradiograph . To make sure that the identified positive transformants SUBSTITUTE SHEET contained the correct sequence without any mutations, at least one clone each of the modified kringle 1 (k t l) and modified kringle 2 (k t 2) is completely sequenced by the dideoxy sequencing procedure (R.B. Wallace, et al., Gene 16:21-26, 1981; E.Y. Chen, P.H. Seeburg, ibid.) The positives from autoradiography are grown up overnight at 37 "C in 5 ml of L-broth containing ampicillin. Plasmid DNA is isolated from these overnight cultures by the alkaline lysis procedure. Details can be found in Maniatis, et al. , ibid. From each of these overnight cultures enough DNA (about 250 ng) is isolated to run three sets of sequencing reactions. The DNA from the mini-preps is treated with DNase-free pancreatic RNase A (using 10 μg in 40 μl total volume) for one hour at 37°C. The RNase is removed by phenol extraction and the DNA was ethanol precipitated. The DNA is denatured with 2N NaOH/2 M EDTA for 10 to 20 minutes at room temperature. Priming with the sequencing templates is done during ethanol precipitation. Dideoxy sequencing is done with reverse transcriptase following standard procedures for sequencing of double- stranded DNA. Primers for sequencing are ones that are available from New England BioLabs and/or oligonucleotides that were used in the assembly of blocks 3' and 4'. The kringles of t-PA (K t l, K t 2) are very similar to that of u-PA (Ku . Therefore, analogous changes as made in t-PA K t l and giving it fibrin-binding properties are made in u-PA K. Specifically, the residues numbered 118 to 123 in u-PA, glycine, leucine, lysine, proline, leucine, valine (GLKPLV) are replaced by the residues in the analogous position of t-PA K2 numbered 248 to 253- asparagine, arginine, arginine, leucine, threonine, and tryptophan (NRRLTW) . Such changes can be accomplished in different ways, but the alteration of a DNA coding for u-PA is the most convenient method. The altered protein can be produced by expression of this altered DNA in a bacterial or mammalian expression system. The DNA can be changed using oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis with DNA coding for u-PA as a staring material. cDNA coding for u-PA has been described. A fragment of u-PA cDNA coding for at least that part of the kringle u to be mutated is cut from the cDNA, using one or more restriction endonucleases and isolated with agarose gel electrophoresis and cloned in a commercially available cloning vector. The resulting plasmid is used for mutagenesis using published protocols or commercially available kits. Alternatively, a complete synthetic cDNA coding for the altered u-PA is constructed. Such construction requires oligonucleotides synthesized according to available protocols. An advantage of the latter method is that the DNA sequence can differ from the natural one and comprise one or more unique restriction enzyme recognition sequences greatly facilitating further alterations A. Preparation of t-PA analogs The specific examples set forth below teach the preparation of plasmids containing cDNA encoding illustrative TPA analogs containing modified kringle 1 (k t l) or modified kringle 2 (k t 2) . Conventions used to represent plasmids and fragments in Charts 1-7 are meant to be synonymous with conventional representations of plasmids and their fragments. Unlike the conventional circular figures, the single line figures on the charts represent both circular and linear double- stranded DNA. With respect to the orientation of the renin sequence only the initiation of transcription is depicted as occurring from left to right (5' to 3'). Asterisks (*) represent the bridging of nucleotides to complete the circular form of the plasmids. Fragments do not have asterisks because they are linear pieces of double- stranded DNA. Endonuclease restriction sites are indicated above the line. Gene markers are indicated below the line. The various symbols used in Charts 1-7 have the following meanings in respect to t-PA: F — finger domain G — growth factor domain Kl — Kringle 1 domain K2 - Kringle 2 domain N - noncoding 3' sequence kl — Modified Kringle 1 domain k2 - Modified Kringle 2 domain A — active site L - TPA leader sequence T - 5' region of TPAcDNA P middle region of TPAcDNA a — polyadenylation signal sequence AmpR — ampicillin resistance Ori - pBR322 origin of replication SUBSTITUTE SHEET SV40 — simian virus origin of replication dhfr - mouse dihydrofolate reductase marker CMV — cytome alovirus promoter Example 1 Construction of FGklA plasmid Digest plasmid pTPA-Bl,2,3,4 (see Chart 2) partially with Hpa I and Mst I and isolate the 4 kb fragment. This digest deletes the K2 region. The 4 kb fragment is then ligated together to generate the FGK1A plasmid. The FGK1A plasmid is digested with Cla I and Bam HI which yields a 3.8 kb fragment with the Kl region deleted. The deleted Kl region can now be replaced with the Cla/Bam HI kl fragment by ligating it to the 3.8 kb fragment (with the Kl region deleted) thereby generating the analog FGklA. Example _ Construction of FGk2A plasmid The plasmid pTPA-Bl,2,3,4 is digested with EcoRV and Xma III. The 4 kb fragment is isolated and ligated to the 230 bp k2 fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid containing block 4' (pBR322 Bam HI/Hind III) with Hpa I and Xma III. The resulting plasmid contains the FGk2A construct. Example 3, Construction of FGklK2A plasmid The plasmid pTPA-Bl,2,3,4 is digested with Cla I and Bam HI and the 4 kb fragment is isolated. The plasmid containing block 3' is digested with Cla I and Bam HI and the 270 bp fragment containing the k t l is isolated. The 4 kb Clal/Bam HI is then ligated to the 270 bp Clal/Bam HI fragment to yield the plasmid containing FGklK2A. Example 4 Construction of pTPA-IE-FGklA The construction of pTPAOIE-FGklA is a two step process. Step one involves the creation of pTPA-FGklA which contains the desired TPA analog, the polyadenylation signal sequence from BGH and the selectable markers and replicons of pSVCOW and Step 2 involves the insertion of the CMV I.E. promoter. While the example below describes the insertion of TPA analog FGklA, other analogs (e.g., FGklK2A or FGk2A) can be inserted using the same enzymes and procedures (see Chart 7) . Plasmid pTPA-CDNA (described in Chart 21, page 77 of PCT/US86/02684) is cut with Bam HI and Bgl II to yield a 120 base pair fragment which is gel isolated. Plasmid pSVC0W7 (described in Chart 20, page 76 of PCT/US86/02684) is cut with Eco RI and Pvu II to yield a 600 base pair fragment containing the polyadenylation sequence of bovine growth hormone which is gel isolated. The TPA analog sequence is obtained by cutting plasmid pFGklA (Example 1 above) with Bgl II and Bal I to obtain a 1.7 kilobase fragment which is gel isolated. A second sample of pSVC0W7 is cut with Eco RI and Bam HI to yield a 5.8 kilobase fragment containing the markers and replicons of pSVC0W7 which are gel isolated. The four isolated fragments are ligated using T4 ligase to yield plasmid pTPA-FGklA (8.2 kb) which is then cut with Bam HI, and the CMV-IE promoter (760 bp) is inserted to form plasmid pTOA-IE-FGklA. The CMV-IE promoter is obtained from a Pst I and Sau 3A digestion of the human CMV genome. Example j> Transfection and Culturing of CHO cells Plasmid pTPA-IE-FGklA is transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells deficient in dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) using the calcium phosphate method for transfection of DNA into cells which is described in detail by Graham, et al. (in Introduction of Macromolecules into Viable Mammalian Cells, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1980, pp. 3-25). The cell line used is the mutant DXB-11 originally available from L. Chasin of Columbia University and completely described in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216-4220 (1980). The above method for transfection relies on the fact that cells which incorporate the transfected plasmids are no longer dhfr deficient and will grow in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium plus proline. From the cells transfected with pTPA-IE-FGklA, clones are isolated, which, when grown in a onolayer for two days, synthesize at least 10 ng FGklA per million cells. From cells with pIETPA- FGklA-dhfr clones are isolated which synthesize at least 100 ng TPA per million cells. Expression of the TPA analog can be detected by radioimmunoassay, enzymatic assay or Western blot techniques. The following Table 1 demonstrates the production of the TPA analogs by CHO cells. The following Table 2 shows that by replacing the 6 amino acids in Kringle t 1 with the 6 amino acids from Kringle t 2, we have given k t l properties similar to K t 2, i.e., FGklA activity is now stimulated in the presence of fibrin. TABLE 1 Analog I.U./ml* TITUTE SHEET *Determined by using a chromogenic assay including plasminogen, the synthetic substrate S-2251, and CNBr-digested fibrinogen. Analog FGK1A FGklA B. Preparation of u-PA analogs The specific example set forth below teach the preparation of plasmids containing cDNA encoding illustrative u-PA analogs containing the modified kringle u . Example 6. 1. cDNA is prepared from polyA + RNA isolated from HT1080 and A431 cells (American Type Culture Collection, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, accession ATCC #CCL121 and ATCC #CRL 1555, respectively) using a Boehringer Mannheim kit and oligo dT as a primer. From this cDNA, u-PA coding cDNA is amplified with the polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) technique with 5'- AGCAGATCGGAGACCGCAG-3'(oligonucleotide #ϊ u ) and 5'- TGGCCAGAGGGGTCTGGGCA-3' (oligonucleotide #2 U ) . These oligonucleotides are derived from the published sequence of u-PA cDNA. 2. Commercially available linkers containing a Hindlll recognition sequence are ligated to the amplified cDNA for u-PA. The resulting fragment is cut with Hindlll and inserted in Hindlll digested pUC plasmid. The resulting plasmid pUC u-PA is used for site directed utagensis. 3. An expression plasmid is constructed from pUC u-PA (PUC is available from Pharmacia) and a peV2 t-PA, a t-PA expression plasmid previously described by J.H. Verheijen et al, EMBO Journal, Vol, 5, pp. 3525-3530 (1986). The plasmid pUC u-PA is cut with Hindlll and Stul and the small fragment containing the u-PA coding sequence is isolated. Plasmid peV2 pre-t-PA, a derivative of peV2 t-PA (Verheijen et al) , containing a SV40 promoter followed by the t-PA signal sequence and the rabbit 3-globin poly-A signal, but missing most of the t-PA coding sequence, is cut with Bglll, made blunt ended with nuclease, and cut with Hindlll. The large fragment is isolated and ligated with the Hindlll-Stul fragment from pUC u-PA. The resulting plasmid p2V2 u-PA contains the SV40 promoter followed by the u-PA coding sequence and the rabbit /3-globin poly-A signal. 4. Mutagensis is performed in the pUC u-PA using the protocol of Marotti, K. et al. Gene Analysis Techniques, 6:67-70 1989. One of the following oligonucleotides, 5' TGGTGCTATGTGCAGGTGAACCGCAGCCTGACGTGG- CAAGAGTGC-3' (oligonucleotide 3 U ) or 5'-GCACGCTTGCCACGTCAGGCTGCGGTTC- ACCTGCACATAGCACCA-3' (oligonucleotide 4 U ) is used for mutagensis. 4. Alternatively, the procedure can be performed in two steps using the protocol of Marotti et al . First, the nucleotides coding for the six amino acids (GLKPLV) originally present in u-PA are removed using oligonucleotides 5' -TGGTGCTATGTGGAGGTGCAAGAGTGCATGGTGCAT-3' (oligo- nucleotide # 5u) or oligonucleotide 5' -ATGCACCATGCACTCTTGCACCT- GCACATAGCACCA-3' (oligonucleotide #6 U ) followed by the insertion of (NRRLTW) using oligonucleotides 3 U or 4 U . 5. The presence of the mutation and the absence of any secondary mutations is confirmed by sequencing using a Boehringer Mannheim kit. 6. The plasmid is transfected into CHO cells and the cloned expressed urokinase analog is isolated according to the method of J.H. Verheijen et al, EMBO Journal, Vol. 5, pp ' . 3525-3530 (1986). SUBSTITUTE SHEET CHART 1 Plasmid pTPA-Bl.2.3.4a Hindlll Xbal Sphl Clal BamHI Seal EcoRI Bglll Seal IBglll[ Hpal |EcoRV j Smal [ Hpal | J Ball | Aatll FFF GGG KK kkkkkAAAAANNNNN AmpR 4.2 kb CHART 2 Hindlll Xbal Sphl Clal BamHI Seal Xmall EcoRI Bglll Aatll IBglllI Hpal|EcoRV| Smal| Hpal| Mstl| Sphl| Ball| Seal FFF GGG K1K1 K2K2 AAANNNNNNNNN AmpR pTPA-Bl,2,3,4 SUBSTITUTE SHEET CHART 3 P24 P25 P26 5'CGATACCCGGGCCACGTGCTAC-GAGGAC-CAGGGCATCAGCTACAGG-GGCACG-TGGAGCACAG 3'TATGGGCCCGGTGCACGATG-CTCCTG-GTCCCGTAGTCGATGTCC-CCGTGC-ACCTCGTGTG I P34 j P35 j Clal I P27 1 P28 I CGGAG-AGTGGCG-CCGAGTGCACCAACTGGAACAG-CAGCGCGT-TGGCCCAGAAGCCCTAC-AGC GCCTC-TCACCGC-GGCTCACGTGGTTGACCTTGTC-GTCGCGCA-ACCGGGTCTTCGGGATG-TCG _ P36 1 P37 1 P38 P29 P30 GGG-CGGAGGCCAGACGCCATCA-GGCTGG-GCCTGGGGAACCACAACTACTGCAG-AAACCCAG- CCC-GCCTCCGGTCTGCGGTAGT-CCGACC-CGGACCCCTTGGTGTTGATGACGTC-TTTGGGTC- 1 P39 1 1 P31 P106 ATCGAGACTCAAAGCCCTGGTGC-TACGTCTTT-AAGAACCGCAGGCTGACGTGGGAG-TTCTGC- TAGCTCTGAGTTTCGGGACCACG-ATGCAGAAA-TTCTTGGCGTCCGACTGCACCCTC-AAGACG- P41 1 P107 I P33 I BamHI AGCACCCCTGCCTGCTCTGAGG 3' TCGTGGGGACGGACGAGACTCC-CTAG 5' P43 f CHART 4 I P108 I * * 5 ''GATCCGTTAACGACTGCTACTTTGGCAATGGTTCAGCCTACCGTG-GCACGC-ACAGCCTCACC 3 ' GCAATTGCTGACGATGAAACCGTTACCAAGTCGGATGGCAC-CGTGCG-TGTCGGAGTGG P109 P110 * * * GAGTCAGGTGCCTCATGCCTTCCGTGGAAT - TCCATG - ATCCTGATAGGCAAGGTTTACACAGCAC CTCAGTCCACGGAGTACGGAAGGCACCTTA-AGGTAC-TAGGACTATCCGTTCCAAATGTGTCGTG P116 Pill * * * ' * * * AGAATCCTAGTGCTC -AGGCACT - GGGACTCGGCAAACATAATTACTGCCGGAATCCT - GATGGCG - TCTTAGGATCACGAG-TCCGTGA-CCCTGAGCCGTTTGTATTAATGACGGCCTTAGGA-CTACCGC- * * * , * * * , P112 P120 4 4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4? 4c4 * 4c4c4c4c4c 4c 4c ATGCCAAGCCATGGTGCCACGTGCTGAAGGCAGGTAAGT-ACAGCTC-AGAGTACTGTGATGTGCCT TACGGTTCGGTACCACGGTGCACGACTTCCGTCCATTCA-TGTCGAG-TCTCATGACACTACACGGA 4 " l T β 4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c4c 4c4c4c4c4c4c4t t 4c ΌI o ^ P121 TCCTGCGCAACCGCA-TGC-GGC-CGGAGATACAGCCAGCCTCAGTTTCGCATCAAAGGA AGGACGCGTTGGCGT-ACG-CCG-GCCTCTATGTCGGTCGGAGTCAAAGCGTAGTTTCCT J P123 I Hindlll GGTA 3' CCATTCGA 5' SUBSTITUTE SHEET CHART 5 P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 T4 DNA 1-121 ligase J-125 P34 P35 P36 P37 P38 Clal _T4_DNA_ M _269 ligase N-271 P29 P30 P31 P106 P33 BamHI _T4_DNA_ κ . 148 ligase L-146 P39 P40 P41 P107 P43 CHART 6 P108 P109 P110 Pill T4 DNA M-182 ligase N-185 P114 P115 P116 P117 BamHI _T4_DNA A-315 ligase B-315 P112 P120 P121 T4 DNA 0-133 ligase P-130 P118 P122 P123 Hindlll SUBSTITUTE SHEET CHART 7 BamHI Bglll L L L L L L L L L L EcoRI PvuII a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Clal Sphl Xmalll Bglll Xba Hpal Sphl EcoRV | BamHI | | Ball J I 1 I I I I 1 I L FFF GGG klklkl AAAANNNN BamHI EcoRI dhfr SV40 Ori Sphl EcoRI BamHI Bglll BamHI | Xmalll ' _L _J 1 C — I — I 3- I I I I T.T.T.T. FFGGklkl AAANNaa AmpR Ori SV40 dhfr EcoRI Sau3A Ba I Sau3A BaHI Bglll '_L J L_ 1 1 I I I I I T.T.T.T. LLL TTPPAANNaa AmpR Ori SV40 dhfr CMV

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An oligonucleotide having the following nucleotide sequence: P106 5' TACGTCTTTAAGAACCGCAGGCTGACGTGGGAG 3' P107 5' GCAGAACTCCCACGTCAGCCTGCGGTTCTT 3' P108 5' GATCCGTTAACGACTGCTACTTTGGCAATGGTTCAGCCTACCGTG 3' P109 5' GCACGCACAGCCTCACCGAGTCAGGTGCCTCATGCCTTCCGTGGAAT 3' P110 5' TCCATGATCCTGATAGGCAAGGTTTACACAGCACAGAATCCTAGTGCTC 3' Pill 5' AGGCACTGGGACTCGGCAAACATAATTACTGCCGGAATCCT 3' P112 5' GATGGCGATGCCAAGCCATGGTGCCACGTGCTGAAGGCAGGTAAGT 3' P114 5' GCGTGCCACGGTAGGCTGAACCATTGCCAAAGTAGCAGTCGTTAACG 3' P115 5' CATGGAATTCCACGGAAGGCATGAGGCACCTGACTCGGTGAGGCTGT 3' P116 5' AGTGCCTGAGCACTAGGATTCTGTGCTGTGTAAACCTTGCCTATCAGGAT 3' P117 5' CGCCATCAGGATTCCGGCAGTAATTATGTTTGCCGAGTCCC 3' P118 5' GAGCTGTACTTACCTGCCTTCAGCACGTGGCACCATGGCTTGGCAT 3' P120 5' ACAGCTCAGAGTACTGTGATGTGCCTTCCTGCGCAACCGCA 3' P121 5' TGCGGCCGGAGATACAGCCAGCCTCAGTTTCGCATCAAAGGAGGTA 3' P122 5' GCCGCATGCGGTTGCGCAGGAAGGCACATCACAGTACTCT 3' and P123 5' AGCTTACCTCCTTTGATGCGAAACTGAGGCTGGCTGTATCTCCG 3' . 2. A tissue plasminogen activator-like compound comprising an active site (A) and one or more domain regions selected from the finger domain (F) , the growth factor domain (G) , the modified kringle 1 domain (kTl) and the modified kringle 2 (kT2) domain wherein the domain regions have been altered from the native arrangement with respect to their order, occurrence or both provided that no domain region appears more than twice. 3. A compound of claim 2 wherein the molecular weight of the com¬ pound does not exceed 90,000 Daltons. 4. A compound of claim 3 selected from the group wherein the domains are ordered as follows from the amino terminal end: FklA, Fk2A, FGk2A, klk2A, FGk2A, Fklk2A and Gklk2A. 5. A compound of claim 3 selected from the group wherein the domains are ordered as follows from the amino terminal end:Fk2k2A, FGk2k2A, FGklklA, FGk2klA, FFklk2A and FFGklk2A. SUBSTITUTE SHEET 6. A DNA compound consisting of nucleotide bases coding for the tissue plasminogen activator-like compounds of claim 2. 7. A urokinase-type compound wherein amino acid residues located in positions 118-123 inclusive of native urokinase are replaced with asn, arg, arg, leu, thr, trp respectively.

Inventors: HATZENBUHLER NICOLE T, MAROTTI KEITH R, REHBERG EDWARD F, VERHEIJEN JOHAN H, HATZENBUHLER, NICOLE, T., MAROTTI, KEITH, R., REHBERG, EDWARD, F., VERHEIJEN, JOHAN, H.
Applicants: UPJOHN CO, THE UPJOHN COMPANY
Application year: 1989
Main classification: C12N9
IPC codes: A61K38, A61P7, C07K14, C12N9, C12N15