PLUG FOR WELL LOGGING OPERATIONS

Abstract: A logging plug (50) for suspension on a wireline (34) comprises a hollow body (52) provided with packers (54) for sealing it to a nipple included in a tubing string, and a flow tube (62) through which the line (34) may slide with minimal leakage. An equalising tube (66) in the lower position shown blocks communication across the packers (54). When moved upwards by striking it with a hammer (80), communication is allowed via ports (56, 74), the annular passage (68), port (76), and bore (65). Any pressure differential across the packers (54) is thus equalised, allowing the logging plug (50) to be easily withdrawn.

Description: PLUG FOR WELL LOGGING OPERATIONS This invention relates to logging plugs for ' ' use in oil, gas and other wells. To ascertain parameters of well operations such as pressure, temperature and flow rate one or more logging tools are run down the well on a logging or slick line cable, which will subsequently be referred to by the further alternative term wireline. As many of these parameters must be measured while the pressure in the perforation zone is different from that obtaining in the upper part of the well down which the logging tool is run, it is necessary for the wireline to be passed through a logging plug which maintains a good, but not perfect seal, with the wire, and which is itself sealable within a nipple incorporated in production tubing, by-pass tubing or the well casing. Considerations arising from a typical employment of a conventional logging plug will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which: Figure 1 is a vertical section through a length of an oil well including a perforated zone, and a logging plug, electric submersible pump (ESP) and by-pass system installed therein with the pump running; Figure 2 corresponds to Fig. 1 and shows pres¬ sures obtaining after the pump has been switched off; Figure 3 corresponds to Figs. 1 and 2 illustrates a stage in the removal of the logging plug; and Figure 4 is a detail illustrating circulation in the absence of a logging plug. As shown in Fig. 1 a well casing 10 has a perfor¬ ated zone 12 through which oil flows from a reservoir 14 as indicated by the arrows 16. From the bottom of a production string 18 is suspended a Y-crossover tool 20 from which depends an electric submersible pump 22 with the interposition of a pump sub 24 contain¬ ing a non-return valve 26. From the tool 20 there also depends a length of by-pass tubing 28 formed with a nipple 30 in which a conventional logging plug 32 is sealed; slidably passing through the plug 32 but in effective sealing engagement therewith is a wireline 34 from which a logging tool 36 for measuring well parameters is suspended. In Fig. 1 the pressure obtaining within the well casing is denoted P_ and the pressure on the outlet side of the pump 22 which is higher than P_, as P.. There is thus a differential pressure P--P-, defined as Δ acting downwardly on the logging plug 32. As this differential pressure holds the plug firmly in place, it must be substantially eliminated to allow the logging plug to be removed, and the tools withdrawn. However, equalisation of pressure cannot be achieved simply by switching off the ■ pump 22 due to the action of the non-return valve 26, as will now be explained with reference to Fig. 2. When the pump 22 is switched off the pressure below the check valve 26 will increase until it equals the static reservoir pressure 3 . P_ is greater than running pump intake (fl wing ..well bore) pressure P_ but less than pump discharge pressure P-. which still obtains above check valve 26. The pressure differential holding the plug 32 in place will now be P.-P,, defined as «, and the force exerted on the plug 32 will be ΔP 2 x (cross-sectional area of plug 32) . In current practice the pressure differential is equalised simply by relying on leakage past the wireline 34, as indicted by the arrows 38 in Fig. 3, where there is not, as previously mentioned, a perfect seal. However, it can take considerable time for such equalisation to occur, and ~ ? 1 to equal 3 , thus allowing the logging plug 32 to be withdrawn, withdrawal being effected by abutment with the tool 36 as shown in Fig.3. Fig. 4 illustrates the situation if it were attempted to run a logging tool through a by-pass system without isolation. As before the intake pressure of pump .22 is .designated P~ and the discharge pressure R4. , the pressure differential p ι~ p 2 be;Ln g defined as Δp. The existence of this differential tends to cause re-circulation of pumped fluid around the by-pass system in the direction of the arrows 40.. A logging plug may be used in other situations in which it is required to suspend a logging tool on a wireline passing through a point of pressure differ¬ ential, for example in a standard well completion without an ESP being present in the well. It is an aim of the present invention to provide a logging plug 'which allows the pressures obtaining above and below the plug to rapidly equalise and thus allow withdrawal of the plug and logging tools. According to the present invention there is i provided a logging plug for suspension on a wireline comprising a hollow body provided with sealing means by which it may be sealed within a nipple included in a tubing strin- , the body also providing or receiving means to allow 'a wireline to be passed therethrough while maintaining a substantial seal, and an equalising member through which the wireline may freely pass and which is arranged for sliding movement within said body between a first position in which communication past said sealing means is prevented and a second posit¬ ion in which communication past the sealing means is allowed. Preferably the equalising member has at least one port communicating with an axial bore through which the wireline passes and which in the first position is closed by a sleeve forming part of the hollow body, and in the second position communicates with one or more ports formed through the wall of the hollow body. Preferably again, the equalising member is located' at the lower end of the logging tool so that it may be displaced from the first to the second position by the upward impact of a logging hammer or of a logging tool attached to the wireline. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings which is an axial section through an equalising logging plug according to the invention. The equalising logging plug 50 shown in Fig. 5 surrounds the wireline 34 and comprises a hollow body 52 fitted at its lower end with seals 54 by which it may be seated in a nipple, for example the nipple 30 of Fig. 1. Ports 56 are formed in the wall of the body 52 above the packers 54. Sealed within the upper part of the body 52 by an 0-ring 58 and retained by a collar 60 is a flow tube.62 having an internal diameter such that the wire¬ line 34 may pass freely therethrough in the presence or absence of a pressure differential without causing substantial friction or wear, but on the other hand allowing very little fluid flow around the wireline 34. Forming the lower part of the body 52 is an insert 64 having an axial bore 65, the upper portion 65a and the reduced diameter medial portion 65b_ of which receive in a close sliding fit lengths of an equalising tube 66 which itself has an axial bore of a diameter such as to define with the wireline 34 passing- there-through an annular ' passage 68. The tube 66 is sealed within the bore portion 65a. by O-ring 70, and within the bore through the body 52 in which its upper part is a sliding fit by O-ring 72. Lateral communicat¬ ion through the wall of the tube 66 with the annular passage 68 is provided by upper ports 74 and lower porrs 76. A snap ring 78 is recessed into the equalising tube 66 in a position which in the Fig. 5 condition is just below the bore portion 65b. A logging hammer 80 may be secured to the wireline 34 above or below the plug 50 to assist in either seating the logging plug in the nipple or re¬ moving it from the nipple. If the plug 50 is substituted, in the by-pass system operating shown in Fig. 1, for the plug 32, well fluid discharged from the pump 22 will similarly be pumped through the Y-crossover tool 20. and production s-cring 18, but a negligible quantity will flow between the flow tube 62 and wireline 34 and through the annular passage 68 to be recirculated through the pump 22; a seal with the wireline 34 is thus established in the by-pass tubing 28 while still allowing passage of the wireline 34. When the plug 50 is in the closed condition shown in Eig. 5 there is no communication from the ports 56 through the body 52 down past the packers 54 to the bottom of plug 50: as will be seen the O-ring .70 blocks communication through the bore 65, and the O-ring 72 through the bore in the body 52, blocking leakage into the annular passage 68 round the top of the tube 66. The plug 50 thus effectively seals across the nipple 30. As explained in connection with Fig. 3 the plug is still subjected to a considerable " downward force. ( Δ. 2 x cross-sectional area) after the pump 22 has been switched off. It is usually operationally impossible to pull the logging plug 32 out of the nipple 30 by applying a upward force greater than this downward force, and it is therefore necessary to equalise the pressure differential from above to below the plug. Such equalisation is readily achieved with the plug 50. It will be noted that by virtue of the annular passage 68 the pressure on the tube 66 is the same at all points. No pressure differential therefore has to be overcome in displacing the tube 66 upwards, which can easily be achieved by pulling on the wireline 34 and striking the bottom of the tube 66 with logging hammer 80 or the logging tool. The consequent upward displacement of the tube 66 to a position in which the ports 74 are in register with the ports 56 estab¬ lishes fluid communication from above the seals 54, through the ports 56 and 74 and the annular passage 68, and out into the by-pass tubing 28 below the packers 54 via both the lower ports 76 and the open end of the annular passage 68. The upward displacement of the tube 66 compresses the snap ring 78 as it passes through the bore portion 65b_; after the ring 78 passes the shoulder at the top of bore portion 65b_ it expands to maintain the tube 66 in its upper, open position. After fluid flow through the lower part of the plug 50 along the above-described route has achieved equalisation of the pressures above and below the packers 54, the plug 50 may easily be withdrawn from the nipple 30 and the well. Instead of the snap ring 78 a similar retaining device such as a shear pin may be used.

Claims: CLAIMS : 1. A logging plug for suspension on a wireline, comprising a hollow body provided with sealing means by . which it may be sealed within a nipple included in a tubing string, the body also providing or receiving means to allow a wireline to be passed therethrough while maintaining a substantial seal, and an equalising member through which the wireline may freely pass and which is arranged for sliding movement within said body between a first position in which communication past said sealing means is prevented and a second posi¬ tion in which communication past the sealing means is allowed. 2. A logging plug as claimed in claim 1, in which the equalising member has at least one port communicating • with an axial bore through which the wireline passes and which in the first position is closed by a sleeve forming part of the hollow body, and in the second position communicates with one or more ports formed through the wall of the hollow body. 3. A .logging plug as claimed in claim 2, in which the equalising member has at least one further port communicating with said axial bore at the end thereof remote from said one port and which in said first posi¬ tion is outside the hollow body and in said second position communicates with an annular space defined by the equalising member and the outer end of said sleeve. 4. A logging plug as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the equalising member is located at the lower end of the logging tool so that it may be displaced from the first to the second position by the upward impact of a logging hammer or of a logging tool attached to the wireline. 5. A logging plug as claimed in any preceding claim, and additionally comprising retaining means to maintain the equalising member in said second posi¬ tion. 6. A logging plug as claimed in any preceding claim when suspended on a wireline to which a logging hammer is attached in a position above or below the plug.

Inventors: BARCIA HUGO MIGUEL, SCHNEIDER JOHN L, BARCIA, HUGO, MIGUEL, SCHNEIDER, JOHN, L.
Applicants: PHOENIX PETROLEUM SERVICES, PHOENIX PETROLEUM SERVICES LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: E21B33
IPC codes: E21B23, E21B33, E21B34, E21B47