Antilock control system

Abstract: An antilock control device is provided with sensors (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) for sensing wheel speed of each of wheels mounted in the vehicle and a calculator (3) for calculating a highest wheel speed (VHI), a second highest wheel speed (VMH) and a lowest wheel speed (VLO). The calculator (3) has a step for detecting a condition such that a difference between the second highest wheel speed (VMH) and the lowest wheel speed (VLO) is greater than a first threshold (TH1) and, at the same time, a difference between the highest wheel speed (VHI) and the second highest wheel speed (VMH) is greater than a second threshold (TH2), and a step for counting a predetermined time period (P1). When the condition is detected for a period longer that the predetermined time period (P1), the wheel with the highest wheel speed (VHI) is identified as a small diameter wheel which should be inhibited from being used for calculation of the estimated vehicle speed.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a small diameter wheel detecting system and an antilock control system for a motor vehicle, and more particularly, to an antilock control system wherein the wheel speeds of a motor vehicle are detected to judge whether the wheels are in the way of the lock-up process or the antilocking process, thereby to control the hydraulic brake pressure, so that the problem caused when a wheel of a smaller diameter than that of the other ones of a plurality of wheels of the motor vehicle is mounted, e.g. in an emergency etc., is solved. DE-A-3 323 807 discloses a small diameter wheel detecting system for a vehicle having a plurality of wheels, comprising sensor means for sensing the wheel speed of each one of the wheels and for detecting a highest wheel speed, a second highest wheel speed, and a lowest wheel speed; first detector means for determining the wheel speed of each one of the wheels and for comparing wheel speed differences between the wheel speeds of two of the wheels with first and second thresholds; and identifying means for identifying the wheel with the highest wheel speed as a small diameter wheel. This prior art small diameter wheel detecting system is used with an anti-lock control system for preventing a malfunction thereof due to the presence of a wheel having a smaller diameter, for example a provisional wheel used in emergency cases, such for replacing a flat tire. The prior art system detects a first wheel speed difference between the wheel speeds of a first pair of arbitrarily chosen two wheels and detects a second wheel speed difference of the wheel speeds of a second pair of two arbitrarily chosen wheels, and the anti-lock control system is enabled if only one of the wheel speed differences exceeds a predetermined threshold. For facilitating to understand the present invention, the related art will be briefly outlined hereinafter. According to a conventional arrangement of the type referred to above for the antilock control, a wheel speed sensor is mounted in association with each of a plurality of wheels (generally, front and rear wheels 4 in total) which generates a signal indicating the wheel speed and outputs same to a control device. The wheel speed of each wheel is calculated in an operating circuit provided in the control device. Then, the speed of the vehicle body is estimated on the basis of the highest wheel speed among the wheel speeds of the all the wheels. Since it is possible to judge whether or not the wheel has a tendency of being locked, or whether or not the wheel has a tendency of being released from the locked state, by the comparison between the estimated speed of the vehicle body and the wheel speed, the hydraulic pressure to be fed to the wheels can be controlled based on the result of the comparison. In the above-described conventional arrangement, however, there may be an inconvenience when a wheel having a diameter smaller than that of other wheels is used in emergency cases, such as for replacing a flat tire, etc. Specifically, the wheel of smaller diameter rotates faster than the other wheels, and therefore the wheel speed of this wheel is determined to be the highest wheel speed, resulting in an excessive estimation of the speed of the vehicle body. Consequently, as a result of the comparison between the overestimated speed of the vehicle body and the wheel speed of the other wheel(s), the other wheel(s) are erroneously judged to be slipping, whereby unnecessary reduction of the hydraulic pressure takes place, or repressuring after the antilocking operation is delayed. In order to solve the above-described inconveniences in the simplest manner, such arrangement may be proposed that the second highest wheel speed, in place of the highest wheel speed, is always used to obtain the estimated vehicle speed. However, when only wheels having the same diameter are mounted on the vehicle, the accuracy of the estimated speed of the vehicle body is undesirably deteriorated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been developed with a view to substantially solving the above-described inconveniences inherent in the conventional arrangements, and has for its essential object to provide a small diameter wheel detecting system and an antilock control device for a motor vehicle which can control an antilock system positively not to make any erroneous operations by insufficient braking force or the like, thus maintaining the accuracy in obtaining the estimated vehicle speed not only when wheels of the same size are mounted, but also when a wheel of a smaller diameter is mounted on the vehicle. The present invention suggests a small diameter wheel detecting system having the features according to claim 1, and further suggests an antilock control system having the features of claim 9. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the small diameter wheel detecting system further comprises: a second detector for detecting a second condition such that a difference between the highest wheel speed and the second highest wheel speed is less that a third threshold; a second timer for counting a second predetermined time period; and a cancelling means for cancelling the identification of the wheel as identified by the identifying means. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first and third thresholds are set to be equal to each other, and the first and second predetermined time periods are set to be equal to each other, or the second threshold is set in proportion to the estimated speed of the vehicle body. Additional preferred embodiments of the invention are indicated in the remaining dependant claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS This and other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with one preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings throughout which like parts are designated by like reference numerals, and in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a control device according to one embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a flow-chart showing a control operation of the control device of Fig. 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT Referring to a block diagram shown in Fig. 1, an antilock control device according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided with wheel speed sensors 1A, 1B, 1C and 1C respectively for detecting the wheel speeds of the front left wheel W1, front right wheel W2, rear left wheel W3 and rear right wheel W4. Signals from these sensors 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D are inputted to a control unit 2, particularly to a wheel speed calculator 3 in which the wheel speed of each wheel is calculated based on the sensor signals. The calculated wheel speeds are inputted to an estimated vehicle speed calculator 4 which calculates the estimated speed of the vehicle in a manner as will be described later. Then, the estimated vehicle speed is compared with each wheel speed in a comparator 5. By the result obtained from comparator 5, it is judged whether or not the wheel is in the process of being locked, or whether or not the wheel is in the process of recovering from the locked condition. The judged result is applied to a drive control 6. Thus, an actuator 7, such as solenoid device for the antilock control is driven to control the hydraulic brake pressure applied to brakes B1 and B2. Referring to Fig. 2, the flow chart shows the operations carried out in the wheel speed calculator 3 and the estimated vehicle speed calculator 4. At step #1, i.e., during the period when the motor vehicle is in the stopped condition, a register INHCH, for storing a data representing an inhibited wheel is cleared, and timers TIM1 and TIM2 are cleared to be 0 for starting the count up from the beginning. The term "inhibited wheel" is used for representing a wheel which should not be used for calculating the estimated vehicle speed. When the wheels W1-W4 are rotated, a wheel speed signal is generated from each wheel sensor every predetermined cycle, and is applied to wheel speed calculator 3, and the wheel speed of each wheel is calculated (step #2). The obtained wheel speeds of the four wheels are inputted to the estimation circuit 4 in which an estimated vehicle speed VE will be calculated, as described hereinbelow. At step #3, the wheel that has the highest speed VHI, the wheel that has the second highest speed VMH, and the wheel that has the lowest speed VLO are detected, together with such speeds. It is assumed that wheel W1 has the highest speed VHI, wheel W2 has the second highest speed VMH, and wheel W3 has the lowest speed VLO. Then, at step #4, it is detected whether or not the same wheel (W1) as that in the previous cycle has the highest speed VHI. When the result of step #4 is YES, meaning that the same wheel has the highest speed VHI, it is further detected at step #5 whether or not a difference between the second highest speed VMH and the lowest speed VLO is greater than a predetermined first threshold TH1 (VMH-VLO > TH1), and at the same time, whether or not a difference between the highest wheel speed VHI and the second highest wheel speed VMH is greater than a predetermined second threshold TH2 (VHI-VMH > TH2). The second threshold TH2 is determined in proportion to the estimated vehicle speed VE. In step #5, if the two inequalities are satisfied, the second timer TIM2 is cleared (step #6), and then, it is detected whether or not the first timer TIM1 has counted equal to or greater than a first predetermined period of time P1 (step #7). If the first timer TIM1 has counted equal to or greater than the time P1, a suffix number of the wheel having the highest wheel speed VHI (such suffix number is stored in register NCH in step #10) is shifted to inhibited wheel register INHCH (step #9). In the present assumption, since wheel W1 has the highest wheel speed VHI, the suffix number "1" of wheel W1 as carried in register NCH is stored in register INHCH. Thereafter, at step #17, it is detected whether or not INHCH is equal to 0. If INHCH≠0, as in the present assumed case, the program goes to step #19 at which the estimated vehicle speed VE is calculated using the second highest wheel speed VMH. On the other hand, when it is detected at step #7 that timer TIM1 has counted not more than the time P1, timer TIM1 is incremented (step #8). In this case, register INHCH remains in the cleared condition, and continues to hold "0". Accordingly, at step #17, since INHCH=0 is detected, the estimated vehicle speed VE is calculated using the highest wheel speed VHI. In summary, the operation under steps #5 to #9 is as follows. When the following condition (I) is maintained for a period longer than a predetermined period P1, the wheel with the highest wheel speed VHI is stored as the inhibited wheel. In this case, the estimated vehicle speed VE is calculated based on the second highest wheel speed VMH. If, on the contrary, when the aforementioned condition (I) is maintained not longer than the predetermined period P1, there will be no inhibited wheel stored in register INHCH. Therefore the estimated vehicle speed VE is calculated based on the highest wheel speed VHI. If it is detected at step #4 that the wheel that has the highest wheel speed VHI is different from that detected in the previous cycle, for example, if it is detected that wheel W2 has the highest speed in this cycle and a different wheel had the highest speed in the previous cycle, the suffix number of wheel W2, i.e., "2", is stored in register NCH (step #10). Thereafter, timer TIM1 is cleared (step #11). Step #11 is also attained when it is detected at step #5 that the above condition (I) is not satisfied. Thereafter, at step #12, it is detected whether or not the difference between the highest wheel speed VHI and the lowest wheel speed VLO is not more than a third threshold TH3, i.e., whether or not the following condition (II) VHI - VMH < TH3 (II) is satisfied. If condition (II) is not satisfied, the second timer TIM2 is cleared at step #16. At step #12, if it is detected that condition (II) is satisfied, the program goes to step #13 at which it is detected whether or not timer TIM2 has counted a predetermined period of time P2. If the period P2 has been counted, register INHCH is cleared at step #14, so that the variable, representing the wheel number, stored therein for the inhibition of the wheel is changed to be 0. In other words, any inhibition of the use of the detected highest wheel speed (VHI) as inhibited at step #9 is cancelled at step #14. On the other hand, if the second timer TIM2 has not yet counted the period P2, timer TIM2 is incremented (step #15). After step #14, #15 or #16, it is detected at step #17 whether or not the register INHCH is carrying 0 as described above. Thereafter, the estimated vehicle speed VE is calculated at step #18 or #19 by the above described manner. In summary, the operation under steps #10 to #16 is as follows. When it is detected that condition (II) is satisfied for a period of time longer than the second predetermined time period P2, any one of the four wheels is permitted to be used for the calculation of the estimated vehicle speed. According to one embodiment, the following condition is met: TH1 = TH3 and P1 = P2 but in other embodiments, a different condition can be met. In step #18 or #19, any conventional suitable method may be employed for obtaining the estimated vehicle speed. For example, the present invention can be used in combination with other devices, such as a device proposed to obtain the estimated vehicle speed with the elimination of inconveniences generated when the wheels are idling, thereby increasing the accuracy of the estimation. As is clear from the foregoing description, according to the present invention, when a wheel of a smaller diameter is used as one of the wheels of the motor vehicle, such a wheel is not used for the calculation of the estimated vehicle speed. Therefore, the tendency of the wheel towards the locked condition or towards the unlocked condition can be detected with high accuracy. Accordingly, an unnecessary reduction of the brake pressure can be avoided. Moreover, the lack of braking force caused by the insufficient application of the pressure during a recovery from the locked condition can be avoided. Furthermore, when no wheel of a smaller diameter is mounted on the vehicle, the wheel with the highest speed is detected among the four wheels, and the detected wheel is used for the calculation of the estimated vehicle speed, so that the accuracy of the estimated vehicle speed can be maintained. When a normal size wheel is detected erroneously as a small diameter wheel, such as when the vehicle is making a rapid turn, the detected wheel will be identified as an inhibited wheel, but such an identification will be immediately released in view of the running state thereafter, and the wheel is permitted again to be used for the calculation of the estimated vehicle speed. Although the present invention has been fully described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes and modifications of the example would be apparent to those skilled in the art. Reference signs in the claims are intended for better understanding and shall not limit the scope.

Claims: A small diameter wheel detecting system for a vehicle having a plurality of wheels comprising: sensor means (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D) for sensing the wheel speed of each one of the wheels (W1, W2, W3, W4) and for detecting a highest wheel speed (VHI), a second highest wheel speed (VMH), and a lowest wheel speed (VLO); first detector means (3) for determining the wheel speed of each one of the wheels (W1, W2, W3, W4) and for comparing wheel speed differences between the wheel speeds of two of said wheels (W1, W2, W3, W4) with first and second thresholds (TH1, TH2); and identifying means (3) for identifying the wheel with the highest wheel speed (VHI) as a small diameter wheel; characterized in that said first detector means (3, step #5) is adapted to detect a first condition such that a difference between the second highest wheel speed (VMH) and the lowest wheel speed (VLO) is greater than said first threshold (TH1) and, at the same time, a difference between the highest wheel speed (VHI) and the second highest wheel speed (VMH) is greater than said second threshold (TH2); a first timer (TIM1) is provided for counting a first predetermined time period (P1); and said identifying means (3, step #9) identifies, when said first condition lasts longer than said first predetermined time period (P1), the wheel with said highest wheel speed (VHI) as a small diameter wheel. A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 1, further comprising: a second detector (3, step #12) for detecting a second condition such that a difference between the highest wheel speed (VHI) and the second highest wheel speed (VMH) is less that a third threshold (TH3); a second timer (TIM2) for counting a second predetermined time period (P2); and a cancelling means (3, step #14) for cancelling the identification of said wheel as identified by said identifying means. A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said first threshold (TH1) is equal to said third threshold (TH3). A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said first time period (P1) is equal to said second time period (P2). A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said second threshold (TH2) is set in proportion to said estimated vehicle speed (VE). A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said second threshold (TH2) is set in proportion to said estimated vehicle speed (VE). A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 3, wherein said second threshold (TH2) is set in proportion to said estimated vehicle speed (VE). A small diameter wheel detecting system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein said second threshold (TH2) is set in proportion to said estimated vehicle speed (VE). An antilock control system for controlling a brake pressure of a motor vehicle by comparing each wheel speed with an estimated vehicle speed (VE), which is obtained using a highest wheel speed of the wheels of said vehicle, to detect the tendency of the wheel towards a locked condition or towards unlocked condition, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT: a first detector (3, step #5) is provided for detecting a first condition such that a difference between the second highest wheel speed (VMH) and the lowest wheel speed (VLO) is greater than a first threshold (TH1) and, at the same time, a difference between the highest wheel speed (VHI) and the second highest wheel speed (VMH) is greater than a second threshold (TH2); that a first timer (TIM1) is provided for counting a first predetermined time period (P1); and that an inhibiting means (3, step #9) is provided for inhibiting, when said first condition lasts longer that said first predetermined time period (P1), the use of said highest wheel speed (VHI) for calculating said estimated vehicle speed (VE). An antilock control system as claimed in Claim 9, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT: a second detector (3, step #12) is provided for detecting a second condition such that a difference between the highest wheel speed (VHI) and the second highest wheel speed (VMH) is less that a third threshold (TH3); that a second timer (TIM2) is provided for counting a second predetermined time period (P2); and that a cancelling means (3, step #14) is provided for cancelling any inhibition of the use of the detected highest wheel speed (VHI) as inhibited by said inhibiting means (3, step #9).

Inventors: YOSHINO MASATO C O ITAMI WORKS, YOSHINO, MASATO C/O ITAMI WORKS
Applicants: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Application year: 1989
Main classification: B60T8
IPC codes: B60T8