FRAME-WORK FOR STRUCTURAL WALLS IN MULTY-STOREY BUILDINGS

Abstract: In a frame structure for load carrying façade walls in multi-storey buildings there is included a concrete element (7) carried by columns and in turn carrying a floor structure. At least one column segment (80) is integrated into the concrete element, and is adapted for connection to at least one supporting column (11).

Description: FRAME-WORK FOR STRUCTURAL WALLS IN MULT T- ^TGREY RI ITLDTNRR The present invention generally relates to framing for structu¬ ral walls m multistorey buildings, particularly facade walls. Particularly intended is a floor-carrying, column supported, concrete element which can be included in such framing. The object αf the invention is, inter alia, to achieve good material economy; to achieve effective vertical stabilization in the facade plane ; to achieve rapid erection of columns and floor carrying concrete elements with immediate erection stability; to provide the possibility of very long transportable facade beams ; - to provide the possibility of great freedom of choice with regard to placing of columns and facade implementation, even m an advanced stage of the project; providing a basis for standards in the efficient prefabπ- cation of facade inner slabs and the insulation and cladding mounted on them. This and other objects have been achieved by the invention having been given the characterizing features in the accompany¬ ing claims . There is thus achieved: good material economy by utilizing steel columns and by the framing beams being utilized as both inner wall slabs and floor-carrying members; - vertical stabilization in the facade plane by ridged fixing σf the columns tα the framing beams ; - shortened buckling length for the columns, particularly in the fapade plane to about, or less than, half a storey height ; - confining of horizontal joints to the upper and under sides of the window opening bands, thus dispensing with the moisture problems in insulation layers which, according to experience, horizontal joints at the flooring level lead to in the building stage. The invention will now be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings , where Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view from the inside of a building during the building stage, utilizing the principles of the invention, Figure la is a fragmentary, enlarged detail of a . joint which can be seen in Figure 1, Figure 2 is a partially sectioned perspective view, to a larger scale, αf a detail in one type σf framing in accordance with the invention, Figure 2a illustrates an alternative detail implementation of a facade element bearing, Figure 3 illustrates, in a similar way, a detail of another type of framing in accordance with the invention, Figure 4 is a perspective view of a part αf a fa ade element with column connections , and Figure 5 is a partially sectioned perspective view of a facade element in accordance with the invention with another form of column connection. A floor-carr ing framing or wall elements m accordance with the invention (preferably fapade elements) have a substantially flat vertical outer surface, while in appropriate cases the inner surface can be configurated in different ways, inter alia according to the examples described below, preferably so that the lower part of the element is thickened to give bearing for the flooring. Typical values for the relationship between the height of the facade element and its greatest width is 1:5 to 1:8. The concrete facade elements must be provided with steel connection means anchored in the concrete for connection to the columns, and the examples illustrate a plurality of solutions for achieving this. It is important that the facade elements can be easily erected on the columns. A plurality of locating and bearing means is illustrated m the examples, for the purpose of giving immediate erection stability, which can then be supple¬ mented by welding and/or injection joints. Figure 1 illustrates framing combined from facade elements 1, 2, 3 and steel columns 10, 11, 12, partly in a facade portion of a multistorey building (to the left in the figure) , and partly in an end wall portion (to the right m the figure) σf the same building. The fapade elements 1, 1', 1" in the facade have bearing surfaces 20 for prefabricated flooring elements 30, and the fapade elements in the end wall portion of the building have a longitudinal recess at flooring level for connection to the flooring structure 30 for shear force transmission, this recess suitably being arranged with vertical indentations 21' . The facade elements can be arranged with thickened end portions 22 and/or with a single-sided inwardly facing upper flange 23 (see also figure 2) . The facade elements 1, 1', 1" are made integral¬ ly and are defined m height by the window opening bands 40 m the storeys above and under the flooring carried by the facade elements, and laterally by the RSJ columns 10 and/or 12, which have their flanges 10' disposed m the plane of the fapade element. There are brackets 15 on the columns 10 for the fapade elements 1, 1', 1" which, although not illustrated in the figures, are rigidly connected to the columns 10 and '12. The columns 10 are two storeys in height, and adjacent pillars are jointed at 16 and 15' in separate storeys just above the upper surfaces αf the fapade elements 1, 1', 1", such that the brackets 15 do not obstruct the erection of the fapade elements. As required, the column support at the ends of the facade elements is supplemented by intermediate steel columns 11, which are rigidly connected (not illustrated) in the upper and lower fapade elements 1. The fapade element 2 in the end wall, which is connected to intermediate columns 11, has one end connected to a special corner column 12 with flanges 10", this column being composed of two steel channels. At its other end the fapade element 2 is directly connected to a meeting element without a column, using a welded joint (at 53) with fish plates 50 which are welded to steel plates 51 (Figure la) cast into, and anchored in the upper and lower ends αf the respective element 2 and 3. The elements 3 are exclusively supported by the columns 11. Figure 2 illustrates a fapade element 4 with a bearing surface 20 carrying a flooring structure 31 comprising several elements 32, the ends of which being provided with slots 33 over some σf the hollows 34 in which connection means 36, anchored in the fapade element 4, are anchored to the floor structure 31 by grouting 35. The element 4 has an end stiffening 22, and optio¬ nally a single-sided upper flange 23. At its ends 24 it has a thickness 25 which is somewhat less than the distance between the insides of the flanges 1Q' αf the columns 10, 12. In addi¬ tion, the element is provided at each end with a lower plate 25 and an upper plate 27 anchored in the concrete for connection, e.g. by welding, between the lower plate 26 and a bearing plate 15 on the column, and with a plate between the upper connection plate 27 and the web and/or flanges 10' of the column 10, respectively. The vertical gap 29 between the end wall surface αf the fapade element 4 and the webs of the columns 10 can suit¬ ably be filled with grouting, with the object of providing a sealed connection and direct transmission of horizontal compres¬ sion forces through the column web between two facade elements connected to a column. At the top of the column 10 there is indicated a joint 16 comprising two channels 17 with holes 17' for a friction bolt joint against the web of the column 10, these channels 17 forming a location 18 for erecting an unillustrated upper column section. After erection, the friction bolt joint is suitably supplemented by welding between the flanges 10' of the erected column 10 and the flanges of the channels 17. Figure 2a illustrates a lower corner portion of the fapade element 4 in figure 2, with the bearing plate 26 implemented with a hole 26' and a recess 26" in the concrete above it. The recess 26" is disposed for accomodatmg the dowel 15' on the bracket 15 attached to the column 10. This dowel connection gives immediate erection stability and a later stage it can be made force-transmitting by the injection of a hardening composi¬ Figure 3 illustrates a fapade element 6 which mainly comprises a flat concrete slab containing upper and lower zone reinforcement (not shown) so that it can be regarded as a high beam. In the element 6 there is a series of fixing plates 60 provided with anchoring means 61 and spaced in a row, the exterior surfaces 62 of the plates being flush with the fapade element inner surface. The ends of the element 6 are defined by steel channel sections 63, which have also served as form work during manufac¬ ture and are connected to reinforcement rods 64. A steel angle 65 has been welded to the fixing plates 60 and the flanges 63' of the channels 63, a surface 66 of the angle serving as bearing for preferably prefabricated simply supported flooring elements. The fapade element 6 is fitted in between the flanges 10' of the columns 10 and bears on brackets 15 on the columns. After the flanges 10' of the columns have been connected to the channel flanges 63' by means of welds 67 , the fapade element 6 together with associated columns 10 forms a rigid frame. In the example it has been indicated that the column 10 has a joint 68 at a distance below the upper defining surface 6' of the element 6. For achieving good sealing, also in connections between column and facade element, the space between the end wall of the facade element and the column web may be injected with grout 69. Figure 4 illustrates a column segment 80 in the form of a steel hollow beam which has the same height as a fapade element 7 arid is cast into the element such as to have two free surfaces, which coincide with the free surfaces of the fapade element, at least at its upper part . The segment 80 coacts with the concrete portions of the facade element with the aid αf main reinforce¬ ment 81, which is taken through holes 82 in the segment. In an alternative embodiment, the central portion of the segment is replaced by reinforcement rods 84, which are welded for stress transmission to the remaining ends 83 αf the segment. The figure also illustrates a third alternative, where the segment in its entirety has been replaced by reinforcement rods 87, the upper ends S7' σf which are connected to a support plate 88 and the lower ends 87" of which are connected to support plate 88', the outer surfaces of these plates being flush with that of the concrete. The facade element 7 is erected on columns 11 and 11', which are column segments connected to an unillustrated underly¬ ing fapade element. On the column segment 11' is attached a location plug 89, which is congruent with and somewhat smaller than the internal dimensions of the column segment 80. In a similar way there are location plugs 90 connected to the plate 88 and 88' such that the plugs are accommodated in the segment 11. After the element 7 has been erected on the column segments 11, there is immediate erection stability in the plane of the element, after which the joint can be supplemented by welding between the lower end surfaces of the segment 80 and/or the plate 88' and the end surfaces of the stud segment 11', thus obtaining a stiff frame. In the continued erection, the cross section of the stud segment 11' can be reduced to that of the segment 11". The segment 11" has abutments 91 for bearing against the top surface of the cast-in segment 80 when the segment 11" is erected, the joint being supplemented by welding between the top surface and the walls of the segment 11" . Figure 5 illustrates a fapade element 5 with a bearing surface 20 for the floor structure 31. The upper 5' and lower 5" surfaces of the fapade element are defined by steel flats 71 and 72 which are mutually connected by reinforcement rods 73 inten¬ ded to form uninterrupted columns in the element together with the concrete thereof. The flats 71 and 72 form the beam rein¬ forcement of the element 5, which can be supplemented by further reinforcement, however. As required, the fapade element 5 can be provided with a smgle-sided inwardly facing upper flange 75, the flat 71 being provided w th anchoring means 76. The flats 71 and 72 serve as basis for location blocks 77 connected by inter¬ nal welds to the flats at optional spacing. The column segment 11, here a square hollow beam, has a length corresponding to the height of a window opening band in a frame, i.e. the distance between the defining surfaces 5' and 5" m two fapade elements situated one above the other, and on erection the column segments 11 are fitted over location blocks 77 on the fapade element 75, the exterior cross sectional dimensions of the blocks being congruent with the hollow cross-sec ion of the segments 11. Immediate erection stability is thus obtained, until a suitable time for making the welded joints 78 between the segments 11 and flats 71 and 72, resulting m a stiff composite frame work between studs 11 and fapade elements placed one above the other. A single-span floor structure 31, comprising extruded, prestres- sed, hollow elements 32 is carried at one end on the bearing surface 20. Above some of the hollows 34 in at least a plurality of the elements 32 there is an upwardly open slot 33. Under the slot and close to the bottom of the hollow there is a flat 37 with one end turned over, this flat being anchored in the hollow 34 by cast-in concrete 39. A round rod 38 has been welded to the upper side of the flat 37, after it has been taken through the vertical, oval hole 28 in the fapade element and turned so that its anchoring means 38' engages against the outer surface of the element. Using a wedge 40, driven in between the inner surface αf the element 5 and the end of the flooring element 32 the connection means 38 and 37 are tensioπed so that torque from the bearing reaction of the floor structure 31 at the bearing surface 20 can be already balanced by coaction between the flooring element 31 and the facade element, before the slot 33 and the vertical joint between flooring structure and fapade element has been filled with hardening casting composition 35. A difficulty in the application of the invention is . the minor tαrsiαnal stiffness of the fapade elements in erecting the floor structures. The embodiment of the invention illustrated in figure 5 indicates a method αf obtaining immediate torsional stiffness already in conjunction with erection. The illustrated connection can be achieved without the aid of grouting by there being a steel connection means cast into, and anchored in the hollows αf the floor structure. Of course, this connection means can be connected to other types of connections arranged in the fapade elements, e.g. fixing plates, steel bearing means, steel struts , etc . The flooring structures are preferably pref bricated, suitably- extruded hollow floor elements, at present fabricated in spans of between 5 and 20 meters and with depths varying between 15 cm and 40 cm, or prestressed ribbed elements of the TT-type .

Claims: C L A I M S 1. Floor carrying, column-carried concrete element ( 1 , 2 , 3 ; 5 ; 7) , c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that at least one column segment (73 ; 80 ; 84 ; 87) is integrated in the element, said column being adapted for connection to at least one supporting stud ( 11) . 2. Concrete element as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d i n that the column segment (73 ; 80 ; 84; 87) extends vertically through substan ially the entire height of the concrete element (5;7) . 3. Concrete element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the stud segment * ( 73 ; 80 ; 84 87) is in stress transmitting communication with the reinforcement (71,72;81) of the concrete element (7;5) . 4. Concrete element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the column segment comprises a steel section (80) . 5. Concrete element as claimed m claim 4, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d i n that the steel section (80) has two mutually parallel sides or flanges which are parallel to the main surfaces of the concrete element (7 ; 5 ) . 6. Concrete element as claimed in claim 5, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d i n that the parallel sides or flanges of the steel section (80) are flush with or close to, the main surfaces of the concrete element (7) . 7. Concrete element as claimed in claims 4, 5 or 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the column segment (80) is a hollow section which is open, at least at its lower end, for connection to a supporting column (11') . 8. Concrete element as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the column segment comprises reinforcement rods (73;84;87) . 9. Concrete element as claimed in claim 8, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d i n that the reinforcing rods (73;84;87) are connected, at least at the lower edge of the concrete element (5;7>, to connection means (77;9Q) for connecting the column segment to a column (11). 10. Concrete element as claimed in claim 8 or 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the reinforcement rods C73;84;87) are provided, at least at their lower ends, with an end plate (88 , 88 ' ; 71 ,72) substantially at the lower edge surface of the concrete element (5;7>. 11. Concrete element as claimed in claim 10, c h a r a c t e ¬ i z e d i n that the end plates (71,72) extend along substantially the entire length of the concrete element. 12. Concrete element as claimed in claim 11, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d i n that the end plates (71,72) constitute the main reinforcement αf the element. 13. Concrete element as claimed -in claim 10 or 11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that connection means (77 90) are connected to the end plates. 14. Concrete element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that it is provided with free steel details (51) anchored in the upper and lower defining edges of the concrete in the element (2) , these details being intended, together with corresponding steel details (51) in a juxtaposed like element (3), to join the two elements (2,3> to each other with the intermediary of a steel plate (50) over¬ lapping each of said plates (51) and welded thereto.

Inventors: BERNANDER KARL GUSTAV, LINDBERG LARS-GUNNAR, RISE GUNNAR, BERNANDER, KARL, GUSTAV, LINDBERG, LARS-GUNNAR, RISE, GUNNAR
Applicants: STRAENGBETONG AB, AB STRAENGBETONG
Application year: 1988
Main classification: E04B1
IPC codes: E04B2