AIRSPRING END MEMBER AND AIRSPRING ASSEMBLY

Abstract: An airspring end member (11) having an improved trough area (14) on its outer periphery for attaching a flexible tubular sleeve (16) to the end member. The trough area has an inner diameter surface (18) of a predetermined height (ht) with a first pair of radially, outwardly, diverging wall surfaces (20) extending therefrom, and extending from the first pair of wall surfaces, a second pair of radially, outwardly, more diverging wall surfaces (22).

Description: Field of the Invention This invention relates to airspring assemblies. More particularly, it relates to a combination of two end members, a flexible tubular sleeve and a pair of clamping rings. Most particularly, it relates to end members having on their outer periphery an improved trough area for attaching the sleeve thereto by means of the clamping ring. Background of the Invention Several means have been identified which may cause the failure in operation of a rolling lobe airspring. Aside from the obvious possibility of the defectiveness of the parts themselves, the major causes of the failure of the assemblies can be attributed to the lack of proper assembly. The assembly generally involves the attachment of the flexible tubular air sleeve to an end member by means of some type of clamping ring. Generally, one end member may be an end plug while the other end member is some type of piston, however, either two end plugs or two pistons may be used in an airspring assembly. Factors which must be balanced to determine the adequacy of the connection are the degree of compression of the sleeve between the end member and the clamping ring, the amount of surface area on the end member which is in contact with the sleeve, the ease with which the clamping ring may be crimped or swaged against the sleeve and the ease with which the given components can be held in a preassembled stage prior to be crimping stage without having a tendency to fall out of alignment with each other. It is necessary to provide a sufficient amount of compression of the sleeve against the end member in order to provide a good air seal during the operating life of the airspring assembly. However, the amount of compression should not be so great as to cause a cutting of the air sleeve by either the clamping ring or the surface area of the end member as the airspring member is inflated and flexes through its normal operation. A considerable amount of force is exerted upon the connection during normal operation which has a tendency to try to pull the air sleeve out from between the clamping ring and the end member. Another problem occurs when either through normal operation or through other causes the clamp ring becomes dislodged from its position of being centered in the clamping area to such an extent that it can no longer seal the sleeve to the end member. From EP-A-123 171, a clamp for non-beaded pneumatic assemblies is know. The upper edge of the flexible tubular sleeve is sealed and held in position against an upper clamp by a metal ring. It is an object of the present invention to provide an airspring end member having a trough area which maximizes the pullout force required to remove the air sleeve between the end member and the clamping ring. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an airspring end member having a trough area which prevents axial movement of a clamping ring used in combination therewith. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an airspring end member having a trough area which minimizes the possibility of cutting into the flexible tubular sleeve used in combination therewith. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an airspring end member having a trough area so designed as to aid in the preassembly of the airspring assembly as well as to provide the self-centering of a clamping ring used in combination therewith. Summary of the Invention In accordance with the practice of the present invention, there is provided an airspring end member and an airspring assembly as defined in the claims. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is an elevational view in section showing the right half of a tubular rolling lobe type airspring according to the prior art, the airspring being substantially symmetrical about its longitudinal axis; Figure 2 is an elevational view in section showing the right half of another tubular rolling lobe type airspring according to the prior art; Figure 3 is an elevational view in section showing the right half of a tubular rolling lobe type airspring according to the invention, the airspring being substantially symmetrical about its longitudinal axis; Figure 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 3 showing the trough area detail embodied in the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention Figure 1 is representative of those types of prior art airspring assemblies as illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,378,935 wherein the end members (11) have a clamp area detail characterized by a set of sawteeth (32) which operate by embedding their edges into the sleeve (16). In addition, the prior art clamp areas commonly have at least one straight wall (34) and either a sloped wall (36) or a curved wall (38). Such arrangements tend to provide a localized compression area at the point of contact between the edges of the saw teeth and the surface of the sleeve (16) which may cause a piercing or cutting of the sleeve which could lead to a failure of the assembly. In addition, these designs provide no means for self-centering of the clamping rings (26), nor to prevent the rings (26) from axial movement relative to the end member (11). Also, the height of the ring (26) in relation to the height of the clamping area is such that compression against the sleeve (16) is provided only in the radial direction. Figure 2 illustrates another type of prior art rolling lobe airspring assemblies having a clamping area detail characterized by a set of annular grooves (24) and at least one straight wall portion (34) along with either a sloped wall portion (36) or a curved wall section (38). While such a design maximizes the area of contact between the sleeve (16) and the end members (11), such designs also suffer from the disadvantage that ring member (26) provides compression in only the radial direction, and also is prone to slipping or walking relative to the end member (11) as well as not being self-centering. Figure 3 illustrates an airspring assembly according to the present invention shown generally at (28). The airspring assembly is comprised of a flexible tubular sleeve (16) having two ends; a pair of clamping rings (26); and a pair of end members (11). Each end member (11) is generally cylindrical in shape having a longitudinal axis (12) and a trough area (14) on its outer periphery. Each end of sleeve (16) is attached to one end member (11) by means of one of the rings (26) thus, forming a sealed chamber (30). The trough area (14) can be better described with reference to Figure 4, wherein the airspring end member assembly is denoted generally at (10). The trough area (14) of end member (11) is comprised of an inner diameter surface (18) of a predetermined height h T , parallel to the axis (12). Extending from each end A of the inner diameter surface (18), is a first pair of radially, outwardly, diverging wall surfaces (20) which form an acute angle α measured from the axis. Extending from the first pair of wall surfaces (20), at point B, is a second pair of radially outwardly, more diverging wall surfaces (22) which lie at an angle β from the longitudinal axis which is less than acute angle α of the first pair of wall surfaces (20). As illustrated, trough area (14) is symmetrical about a line (17) which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (12) and bisects the inner diameter surface (18). Optionally, but preferably, there is provided at least one groove (24) extending radially inwardly from the inner diameter surface (18). Grooves (24) serve the dual function of not only providing additional friction area to increase the pull out value of the sleeve, but also help prevent leakage of the internal fluid particularly at operating temperatures in the lower range. Use of an end member (11) having a trough area (14) as just described, in combination with a sleeve (16) and a clamp ring (26) which has a height h R approximately equal to the height h T of the inner diameter surface (18) provides an assembly wherein the clamp ring (26) is self-centering within the trough area by virtue of both the second pair of diverging wall surfaces (22) and the first pair of wall surfaces (20) as well as maximizes the friction contact area between points C. In addition, such an assembly provides for a maximum use of compression along the three planes, namely radial compression between the inner diameter surface (18) and the inner diameter of clamp ring (26) and the partially axial and partially radial compression forces which operate between the first pair of radially outwardly diverging wall surfaces (20) and perpendicular to the corner radii (21) of ring (26). The smooth transition between the angle α of the first pair of wall surfaces (20) at point B to the angle β of the second pair of wall surfaces (22) not only serves to prevent the possibility of cutting into sleeve (16) but also allows for the minimization of the lip diameter D L . Minimization of the lip diameter D L greatly facilitates the assembly by requiring less compression of the sleeve (16) by the uncrimped ring (26) prior to the crimping operation. It is preferred that acute angle α for the first pair of diverging wall surfaces range from about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees. It is preferred that the more acute angle β for the second pair of wall surfaces range from about 20 degrees to about 30 degrees. The end members of the present invention can be made of any suitable material, for example a metal such as zinc, aluminum or stainless steel and also from a suitable thermoplastic such as nylon, PVC or ABS, generally depending upon the environment and the conditions under which they will be utilized. The end members can be produced by any well-known method such as machining, casting or molding. The flexible tubular sleeves used in the present invention are generally made of any one of a number of polymeric materials, either thermosetting or thermoplastic or what is known as thermoplastic elastomers. Generally the sleeves used in rolling lobe type airsprings contain a plurality of layers of reinforcement imbedded within the polymeric matrix. The clamping rings used in the present invention can be made of any one of a number of metals such as copper, stainless steel or aluminum. Manufacturing of the airsprings of the present invention involves a pre-assembly step and a crimping step. In the pre-assembly step, either the ring is held in position on the sleeve and the end member is pushed into place or the end member is held in position within the sleeve and the ring is pulled into place. The other step for crimping the sleeve between the end member and the ring is carried out either by exerting a pre-determined amount of pressure on the ring or by crimping it to a preset dimension. Care must be taken to provide the proper amount of compression as too little compression would result in the end member being pulled out of the sleeve and/or a poor air seal between the end member and the sleeve and too much compression would result in cutting the sleeve, thus contributing to a shortened usable life. The pair of angles ∝ and β provide a self-centering ramp that gives this design a set and determined crimp point that will reduce the possibilities of a bad crimp due to high sleeve wall gauges or poor ring placement. This configuration of angles also allows for a minimum sleeve compression under the ring while still achieving a high pullout value.

Claims: An airspring end member (11) generally cylindrical in shape having a longitudinal axis (12) and a trough area (14) on its radial outer periphery for attaching a flexible tubular sleeve to said end member (11), characterized in that said trough area (14) includes an inner diameter surface (18) of a predetermined height (H T ) parallel to said axis (12), having extending from each end (A,A) thereof a first pair of radially, outwardly diverging wall surfaces (20), which diverge at an acute angle (∝), measured from said axis (12), and a second pair of radially, outwardly diverging wall surfaces (22), which diverge at an angle (β), measured from said axis (12), which is less than said acute angle (∝) and extend from said first pair of wall surfaces (20). The end member according to Claim 1 characterized in that said trough area (14) is symmetrical about a line (17) which is perpendicular to said axis (12) and bisects said inner diameter surface (18). The end member according to either of Claims 1 or 2 characterized in that said trough area further comprises at least one groove (24) extending radially inwardly from said inner diameter surface (18). The end member according to Claim 1 characterized in that said acute angle (α) ranges from about 40 degrees to about 50 degrees. The end member according to Claim 4 characterized in that the angle (β) of said second pair of wall surfaces ranges from about 20 degrees to about 30 degrees from the axis. An airspring assembly comprising: (a) a flexible tubular sleeve (16) having two ends; (b) a pair of clamping rings (26); and (c) a pair of end members (11); wherein the end members are according to any of claims 1-5. An airspring assembly according to claim 6 characterized by the clamping rings (26) having a height (h R ) approximately equal to the height (h T ) of said inner diameter surface. An airspring assembly according to claim 6 characterized by the clamping rings (26) being made of copper, stainless steel or aluminum. An airspring assembly according to claim 6 characterized by the flexible tubular sleeve (16) being made of thermosetting polymeric material. An airspring assembly according to claim 6 characterized by the flexible tubular sleeve (16) being made of thermoplastic polymeric material.

Inventors: MOEGLIN, STEVEN JOSEPH, WARMUTH, IVAN JOSEPH, II
Applicants: THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY
Application year: 1988
Main classification: F16F9
IPC codes: F16F9, F16F3