Image coding and transmitting apparatus

Abstract: In an image coding and decoding device, input digital image signals are divided into blocks of prescribed size, and coding processing is performed on differential signal taken between the input block signal and interframe forcasting signal thereby enabling efficient transmission to be performed.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image coding and decoding device, and more particularly to an image coding and decoding device which can efficiently code and decode the motion image signals so as to transmit and record the signals by the interframe coding. Description of the Prior Art FIG. 3 is a block diagram which shows a transmitting section of an image coding transmitter in the prior art. In FIG. 3, numeral 2 designates a motion compensating circuit, numeral 6 designates a differential section, numeral 8 designates a coding and decoding circuit, numeral 11 designates an adder, and numeral 13 designates a frame memory. FIG. 4 is a block diagram which shows a motion vector detecting section in the motion compensating circuit 2. In FIG. 4, numeral 14 designates a differential section, numeral 16 designates a distortion operator, and numeral 18 designates a comparator. The operation of the device will be described. In the motion compensating circuit 2, using digitally transformed input signals 1 and previous frame reconstruction signals 3 stored in the frame memory 13, with the picture element blocks of the prescribed size N₁ x N₂ (N₁, N₂ being plus integers) used as a unit, a block which has the most similar pattern to the block of the input signal is detected from the previous signals, and signals of the detected block are outputted as predicting signals 4, and index information 5 indicating motion vectors being position shift between the position of the block and that of the input signal block is transmitted to the receiving side. An example of the motion detecting method is shown in FIG. 4. Assuming that the input signal block be S (1), the previous frame signal block be S′ i (3), the number of the searched blocks be L (L being plus integer), the matching distortion between the blocks be d i (17), and K = N₁ x N₂. S = (S₁, ..., S K ), S′ i = (S′ i1 , ..., S′ iK ), i = 1 ∼ L Among d i (11) estimated by the differential section 17 and the distortion operator 16 based on the above formulas, the block having the smallest matching distortion value is detected by the comparator 18, and the block signal is transformed into the predicting signal 4 block by block, and the index information 5 of the block motion vectors is outputted. However, in FIG. 4, the hardware composition is simplified by applying the serial process to the distortion operation and the comparing process at each searching block. In FIG. 5, an example of the arrangement of the searching vectors is shown. Differences between the predicting signals 4 estimated as above described and the input signals 1 are taken, and the differential signals 7 are coded by the coding and decoding circuit 8, and then the coded information 9 is transmitted to the receiving side and at the same time the differential decoded signals 10 by decoding the coded information and the predicting signals 4 are added thereby the reconstructed signals 12 are obtained. After one frame of these reconstructed signals 12 are stored in the frame memory 13, they are read out as the previous frame reconstructed signals 3 at the next coding. In the coding and decoding circuit 8, coding is executed only when the value of the differential signals 7 is larger than a prescribed threshold value, and the picture element supplementing (the value of the predicting signals 4 can be made equal to that of the reconstructed signals 12 by making naught the differential reconstructed signals without coding) is performed in other cases thereby the generating information content can be restrained. Since the motion compensating device in the prior art is constituted as above described, the searched vectors are limited in number, resulting in the most suitable motion compensation being made impossible because of the image being out of the searched range in case its movement is too much extensive. Furthermore there is another problem in that in case of the deterioration of the picture quality, or in case of the changing of scenes, the matching precision between frames is low, and the restraint effect of the predicting error signal component does not appear, causing the increase of the generating information and the deterioration of the picture quality. In order to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages in the prior art, a first object of the invention is to provide an image coding and transmitting device which suppresses the predicting error component and the amount of the generating information, and prevents the deterioration of the picture quality in case of the great movement of the image or even in case of scene change. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating inner composition of a motion compensation circuit in an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating steps of process of the motion compensation circuit in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a transmitting section of an image coding transmitting section in the prior art: FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating inner composition of the motion compensation circuit in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is an arrangement diagram of searching vectors in the motion compensation circuit in FIG. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of the invention will be described referring to FIG. 1 - FIG. 2. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 20 designates a quantizer which quantizes the average value of the input block signals, numeral 23 designates a block selector which changes and outputs a block where previous frame block signals and picture elements within the block are 0 (hereinafter referred to as "0 block") and an average value block, and numeral 25 designates an index selector which changes and outputs motion vector index and quantized level index. Numerals 1 - 18 are similar to the prior art. The operation of the device will be described. In FIG. 1, the interblock matching distortion operation and the comparison operation finish in serial processing with (L+2) times per one input block when the number of the searched vectors is made L (L being plus integer). An example of processing steps is shown in FIG. 2. Let the input block signals 1 be S = {S₁, S₂, ...., S K }, and let the reference block signals 24 be S ′ i = {S′ i1 , S′ i2 , ..., S′ iK }, and the calculation algorithm of the matching distortion d i is similar to the prior art. In the first processing, the block selector 23 outputs "0" block. In this case, an output 17 of a distortion operator 16 is represented by following formula, and this value becomes the average value m of the input signal blocks. However, the matching distortion operation uses the luminance signals only. The average value m is quantized in the quantizer 20, and the quantization average value m and 22 is inputted in the block selector 23. On the other hand, the quantization index 21 indicating the quantized level of the quantized average value is outputted to the index selector 25. Let the number of the quantized level be M (M being plus integer), and the quantized index from (L+1) to (L+M) is assigned at each level. In the second processing, the block selector 23 outputs the average value block m and having the quantized average value m and as value of each picture element within the block. The output 17 of the distortion operator 16 in this case is represented by following formula, and this value is made d o . where 0 is given as the vector index of the average value block. In the third processing and so forth, the distortion operation and the comparison operation are the same as noted above. That is, the block selector 23 outputs the previous frame block one after another. Finally, the output 19 of the comparator 18 becomes the index of the block which gives the minimum matching distortion among (L+1) pieces from d o to d L of the matching distortion. In this case, the vector index corresponding to each reference block is assigned as shown in FIG. 2. In the index selector 25, when the comparator output index 19 is 0, i.e., when the average value block m and is selected, the quantized index which newly indicates the quantized level of the quantized average value m and [the value being from (L+1) to (L+M)] is outputted as the vector index 5. In other cases, the value of the comparator output index 19, as it is, is outputted as the vector index 5. In this embodiment, although the differential absolute sum is represented as the interblock matching distortion, Euclid norm may be used in place of it, and it is possible to increase the priority of the specific reference block by giving weight to the matching distortion in each reference block.

Claims: An image coding apparatus comprising: a motion compensating circuit (2) outputting an interframe predicting block signal (4) relating to an input block signal (1), which is one of blocks produced by dividing input digital image data into predetemined size blocks, and outputting an index (5) of a motion vector of the interframe predicting block signal (4); a subtracting unit (6) calculating difference values between the interframe predicting block signal (4) outputted by the motion compensating circuit (2) and a reference block (24); and a coding circuit (8) performing encoding of difference signals (7) outputted by the subtracting unit (6): the motion compensating circuit (2) comprising: a distortion operating unit (16) calculating and outputting a matching degree between the input block signal (1) and each reference block (24); and a comparator (18) detecting a most matched reference block (24) and outputting an index (19) of motion vector corresponding to the detected most matched reference block (2a); characterized in that the distortion operating unit (16) receives at its input the difference between the input block signal (1) and the output (24) of average block outputting means (23) and the distortion operating unit (16) uses L blocks, L being a predetermined integer number, in the previous frame of the input block signal (1), the blocks being at the same position or near the position of the blocks belonging to the current frame of the input block signal (1), and average value blocks as reference blocks; and that the motion compensating circuit (2) further comprises quantizing means (20) receiving the output of the distortion operating unit (16) and feeding a quantized output as one input to the average block outputting means (23) which output the average value block having the quantized average value as value of each picture element within the block ; and index selecting means (25) outputting an index (19) corresponding to the motion vector of the reference block detected by the comparator (18) in case the comparator (18) detects a block among said L blocks in the previous frame as the most matched reference block, and outputting a quantized index (21) output by the quantizing means (20) and indicating a quantized level of the quantized average value in case the comparator (18) detects the average value block as the most matched reference block. An image coding and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distortion operating unit (16) calculates an absolute value of difference for each picture element between the input block signal (1) and each reference block (24) and accumulates difference values. An image coding and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distortion operating unit (16) calculates a difference square value for each picture element between the input block signal (1) and each reference block (24). An image coding and transmitting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distortion operating unit (16) allocates a different weighting value to each difference value between the input block signal (1) and each reference block (24).

Inventors: ASAI KOHTARO MITSUBISHI DENKI, ASANO KENICHI MITSUBISHI DENKI, ITOH ATSUSHI MITSUBISHI DENKI, KINJO NAOTO MITSUBISHI DENKI K, MURAKAMI TOKUMICHI MITSUBISHI, NISHIDA MASAMI MITSUBISHI DENK, ASAI, KOHTARO MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, ASANO, KENICHI MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, ITOH, ATSUSHI MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, KINJO, NAOTO MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA, MURAKAMI, TOKUMICHI MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI K., NISHIDA, MASAMI MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Applicants: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP, MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1988
Main classification: H04N7
IPC codes: H04N7, G06T9, H03M7