NOVEL INTERMEDIATES AND PROCESSES FOR PREPARING HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS

Abstract: A process for converting 6-carboxy to 6-hydroxymethyl mevinolin analogs and novel intermediates formed in this process are disclosed.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hypercholesterolemia is known to be one of the prime risk factors for ischemic cardiovascular disease such as arteriosclerosis. To date, there is still no effective antihypercholesterolemic agent commercially available that has found wide patient acceptance. The bile acid sequestrants seem to be moderately effective but they must be consumed in large quantities, i.e. several grams at a time and they are not very palatable. There are agents known, however, that are very active antihypercholesterolemic agents that function by limiting cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting the enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase. These agents include the natural fermentation products compactin and mevinolin and a variety of semi-synthetic and totally synthetic analogs thereof. The naturally occurring compounds and their semi-synthetic analogs have the following general structural formulae: wherein: R³ is hydrogen, C₁₋₅ alkyl or C₁₋₅ alkyl substituted with a member of the group consisting of phenyl, dimethylamino, or acetylamino; and R⁴ is: wherein B is R⁵ is H or OH: and R⁶ is hydrogen or methyl; and a , b , c , and d represent optional double bonds, especially where b and d represent double bonds or a , b c , and d are all single bonds; provided that where a is a double bond, B is Copending U.S. Patent application S.N. 048,136 filed May 15, 1987 discloses biosynthetic and semisynthetic analogs of mevinolin and related compounds which possess a hydroxymethyl or a carbonyloxy group of structure ―CO₂R³ substituted on the 6-position of the polyhydronaphthyl moiety and wherein R⁴ is wherein R¹ is a broadly-defined acyl side chain which includes, among other groups, substituted and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, C₁₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl and phenyl; R² is CH₂OH or CO₂R³; and R³ is hydrogen, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, C₁₋₅ alkyl, C₁₋₅ alkyl substituted with a member of the group consisting of phenyl, dimethylamino, or acetylamino; a , b , and c each represent single bonds or one of a , b , and c represents a double bond or both a and c represent double bonds; Said 6-hydroxymethyl and 6-carbonyloxy derivatives of mevinolin and analogs thereof are useful in treating hypercholesterolemia. However, comparative test data indicate that the 6-hydroxymethyl mevinolin analogs have a greater HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting effect than the 6-carboxy compounds. Thus there is a real need for the conversion of the 6-carboxy substituent into a 6-hydroxymethyl substituent in a minimum number of steps and without affecting the variety of other functionalities in the compound under conversion. EP-A-0251625 was published on 7th Jan 1988, after the priority date of the present application. Summary Of The Invention This invention relates to novel intermediates (II) useful in the preparation of 6-desmethyl-6-hydroxymethyl derivatives of mevinolin and analogs thereof (III), wherein the 8-acyl side chain and the degree of unsaturation within the polyhydronaphthyl ring are varied. The invention also includes novel processes (1) and (2) for converting a 6-carboxy group to a 6-hydroxymethyl substituent without chemically altering any of the other labile functionalities nor any stereochemistry within a compound of formula (I). DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to novel intermediates II, a novel process (1) for the preparation of intermediates (II), and a novel process (2) for the preparation from said intermediates of 6-desmethyl-6-hydroxymethyl derivatives of mevinolin and analogs III thereof wherein the 8-acyl side chain and the degree of unsaturation within the polyhydronaphthyl ring are varied. Using the novel processes of this invention, the reduction of the 6-carboxyl group is accomplished without chemically altering any of the other labile functionalities nor any stereochemistry within a compound of formula (I). Indeed the total process permits the desired reduction without the necessity of protecting and deprotecting any other functionality within compounds (I) or (II). The intermediates (II) of the instant invention are prepared in a novel process (1) which comprises: reacting the compound (I) wherein a , b , and c represent single bonds or one of a , b , or c represents a double bond or both a and c represent double bonds; and wherein Q is selected from a group consisting of: a) b) CH₂CH₂CN; c) wherein z is 0 or 2 and P and P₁ are independently lower alkyl or P and P₁ together with the oxygens to which they are attached and the carbon bonded to the oxygens form a ring of 5 to 8 atoms; and wherein A is H or OH; and wherein R is: wherein: n is 0 to 5 R₁ and R₂ independently are hydrogen, C₁₋₅ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached from a carbocyclic ring of 3 to 8 carbon atoms; R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃ alkylthio, phenyl, phenylthio or substituted phenyl in which the substituents are V and W and when n is 2 to 5, each of the R₃s and R₄s are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl or only one of the R₃s and R₄s is phenyl or substituted phenyl; R₅ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C₁₋₅ alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl in which the substituents are V and W, or R₅ is a group selected from: a) C₁₋₅ alkylthio or phenylthio or substituted phenylthio in which the substituents are V and W; b) C₁₋₅-alkanoyloxy-C₁₋₄-alkyl; c) in which m is 0 to 3 and R₆ is C₁₋₅ alkyl; d) in which R₇ and R₈ are independently C₁₋₅ alkyl or R₇ and R₈ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl or thiomorpholinyl; e) in which q is 0 to 2 and R₉ is C₁₋₅ alkyl or phenyl or substituted phenyl in which the substituents are V and W; V and W independently are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₁₋₃ alkyloxy or hydroxy-C₁₋₃ alkyl; with a compound known to activate carboxylic acids towards relatively mild reducing agents and other nucleophiles, such as: i) a N,N′-carbonyl diazole, such as N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole or N,N′-carbonyldibenzimidazole or N,N′-carbonylbenzotriazole; ii) wherein Z₁ is C₁₋₅ alkyl; and triethylamine; or iii) a N-hydroxyamine such as N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxybenzotriazole in the presence of a diimide such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or N-ethyl-N′-(N,N-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; in an inert solvent, to yield compound (II) wherein X is selected from i) an azole selected from: ii) iii) The intermediates (II) are used to form the 6-desmethyl-6-hydroxymethyl mevinolin analogs (III) in a novel process (2) which comprises: reacting the compound (II) with a hydride reagent such as an alkali metal borohydride, particularly NaBH₄ and the like, in a suitable solvent to obtain compound (III). One embodiment of this invention is the compounds of formula (II). In one class of this embodiment are the compounds of formula (II) wherein R is n is 0 to 3, R₁ is methyl, R₂ is hydrogen or methyl, A is hydrogen, Q is and a and c are double bonds or one of a , b or c is a double bond or a , b and c all represent single bonds. In a subclass of this embodiment are the compounds of formula (II) wherein X is Exemplifying this subclass is: (1) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-(1-imidazolylcarbonyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one. In a second subclass are the compounds wherein X is Exemplifying this subclass is: (1) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-(isobutyloxycarbonyloxycarbonyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one. In a second class of this embodiment R is R₁ is methyl, R₂ is hydrogen or methyl, A is hydrogen and Q is ―CH₂CH₂CN or a and c are double bonds, or one of a , b or c is a double bond or a , b and c all represent single bonds. In a subclass of this embodiment are the compounds of formula (II) wherein X is Exemplifying this subclass is: (1) 1(S)-(2-cyanoethyl)-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-6(S)-(1-imidazoylcarbonyl)-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydronaphthalene; and (2) 1(S)-(3,3-dimethoxypropyl)-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyrloxy)-6(S)-(1-imidazoylcarbonyl)-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthalene. In a second subclass, are the compounds wherein X is Exemplifying this subclass is: (1) 1(S)-(2-cyanoethyl)-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-6(S)-(isobutyloxycarbonyloxycarbonyl)-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthalene; and (2) 1(S)-(3,3-dimethoxypropyl)-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyrloxy)-6(S)-(isobutyloxycarbonloxycarbonyl)-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthalene. A second embodiment of this invention is the process (1) for the preparation of intermediates (II) from the 6-carboxy substituted starting materials. A compound of formula I is reacted with a compound known to activate carboxylic acids towards relatively mild reducing agents. In one class of this embodiment a compound of formula (I) is contacted with a N,N-carbonyldiazole such as N,N′-carbonyldimidazole or N,N′-carbonyldibenzimidazole or N,N′-carbonylbenzotriazole, at a temperature between -75° and 0°C. In a second class a compound of formula (I) is contacted with an alkyl chloroformate such as isobutyl chloroformate, at a temperature between -75° and 0°C. In a third class, a compound of formula (I) is contacted with a N-hydroxyamine such as N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxybenzotriazole in the presence of a diimide. A third embodiment of this invention is the process (2) for the conversion of compounds of formula (II) to compounds of formula (III). This process consists of contacting a compound of formula (II) with a mild reducing agent in a polar solvent to form product compound (III). A preferred mild reducing agent for this process is an alkali metal borohydride, particularly sodium borohydride. In one class of this embodiment the process yields compounds (III) wherein R is n is 0 to 3, R₁ is methyl, R₂ is hydrogen or methyl, A is hydrogen, and a and c are double bonds or one of a , b or c is a double bond or a , b and c are all single bonds. In one subclass of this embodiment are the compounds wherein Q is: In particular, this embodiment includes compounds where a and c are double bonds; A is hydrogen, R₁ is methyl, R₂ is methyl, n is 1, R₃ is hydrogen, R₄ is hydrogen, R₅ is methyl. Exemplifying this subclass is (1) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-2,2-dimethylbutyrloxy)-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydronapthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one. In a second subclass are the compounds wherein Q is: CH₂CH₂CN, Exemplifying this subclass are (1) 1(S)-(2-cyanoethyl)-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutryloxy)-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydronaphthalene; and (2) 1(S)-(3,3-dimethyoxypropyl)-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutryloxy)-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydronaphthalene. The reaction of a compound of formula (I) with a N,N′-carbonyl diazole is conducted at a temperature between -20° and +20°C, preferably at 0°C for a period of from 1 to 12 hours, most preferably 2 hours at 0°C, in the presence of an inert solvent under an inert atmosphere. Illustrative of such inert solvents are methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran and the like. The inert atmosphere may be nitrogen or argon. The reaction of a compound of formula (I) with an alkyl chloroformate is conducted at a temperature between -70° and 0°C, preferably at -70°C for a period of from 10 minutes to 120 minutes, most preferably 30 minutes at -70°C, in the presence of a trialkylamine, such as triethylamine, and an inert solvent, followed by warming to 0°. The reaction of a compound of formula (I) with a N-hydroxyamine can be carried out using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as a coupling aid. The reduction of a compound of formula (II) wherein X is an azole is conducted using sodium borohydride and degassed dimethylformamide. The reaction is carried out at a temperature between 0° and 25°C, preferably at 0°C for a period of from 15 minutes to 120 minutes, most preferably 30 minutes at 0°C also in the presence of the same solvent as the reaction of compound (I) with a carbonyl diazole. The reduction of a compound of formula (II) wherein X is oxycarbonyloxyalkyl, is conducted using a solution of NaBH₄ in absolute ethanol. The reaction is carried out a temperature between -10 and 25°C, preferably at 0°C for a period of from 1 to 30 minutes, most preferably 10 minutes at 0°C, in the presence of the same solvent as the reaction of compound (I) with the alkyl chloroformate. The starting compounds (I) of the instant invention where Q is the lactone ring are prepared according to the procedures detailed in copending U.S. patent application S.N. 048,136 filed May 15, 1987. The starting compounds (I) wherein Q is CH₂CH₂CN, and c is a double bond are prepared from the corresponding aldehydes employing standard chemical transformations. The aldehyde may be prepared following the procedure described by Davidson et. al , J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1662 (1985). Conversion of compounds (I) wherein c is a double bond to those wherein a and c are double bonds may be accomplished by bromination followed by dehydrobromination using the procedure described by Funk and Zeller, J. Org. Chem., 47 , 180 (1982). Compounds (I) wherein a or b is a double bond or a , b , and c are all single bonds can be prepared from the diene by hydrogenation following the procedures disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,351,844. Alternatively where a , b and c are all single bonds or a or b is a double bond the aldehyde may be prepared following the procedures described by Funk and Zeller (W.E. Zeller Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nebraska 1985) or the procedure of Deutsch and Snider, Tetrahedron Lett. 24 , 3701, (1983). Starting compounds (1) where Q is are prepared from the corresponding aldehydes employing standard chemical transformations. The aldehydes are prepared following the procedures described above. The appropriately substituted acyl chlorides for esterifying the C-8-position of the polyhydronaphthyl moiety are commercially available or prepared from known starting materials. The following Examples illustrate the present invention and as such are not to be considered as limiting the invention set forth in the claims appended hereto. EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (a) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-isobutyloxycarbonyloxycarbonyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one To a solution of 102 mg (0.23 mmol) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-carboxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6,tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one in 2.3 ml of dry (4A° molecular sieves) CH₂Cl₂ was added 0.032 ml (0.23 mmol) of triethylamine. This mixture was cooled to -70°C and isobutyl chloroformate (0.030 ml, 0.23 mmol) was added over a 30 second period. After stirring for 30 minutes at -70°C, the mixture was allowed to warm to 0°C over a twenty minute period. (b) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (S)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one The reaction solution from 1(a) was transferred over a 30 second period to a solution of 8.8 mg of NaBH₄ (0.23 mmol) in 2 ml of absolute ethanol, with stirring at 0°C. After 10 minutes the reaction mixture was partitioned between 20 ml of ethyl acetate and 5 ml of 0.1 N HCl. The organic phase was separated and subsequently washed with water (2 × 5 ml) and brine (1 × 5 ml). After drying (Na₂SO₄), the solvent was evaporated to give 95 mg of a viscous oil. Chromatography gave the title compound as the major product. TLC behavior and ¹H-NMR spectra were identical to a sample derived from fermentation. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): delta 0.84(3H, t, J = 7Hz); 0.91 (3H, D, J = 7Hz); 1.13 (6H, s); 2.62 (1H, m); 2.75 (1H, dd, J = 17.5); 3.55 (1H, m); 3.65 (1H, m); 4.38 (1H, m); 5.37 (1H, m); 5.52 (1H, s); 5.80 (1H, m); 6.02 (1H, d, J = 10Hz). EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (S)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (a) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-(1-imidazolylcarbonyl)-1,2,6,7,8,8a (R)-hexahydro-naphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2H-pyran-2-one 6(R)-[2-8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-carboxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a(S)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (50.4 mg) was dissolved in 0.5 ml of methylene chloride under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The solution was cooled using an ice bath and a solution of carbonyl diimidazole (19.5 mg) in 0.48 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise and the mixture stirred for 2 hours at the ice bath temperature. Formation of the imidazolide was apparent by ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) delta 3.85 (1H, m); 7.14 (1H, s) 7.45 (1H, s); 8.15 (1H, s). (b) 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(S)-hydroxymethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a (S)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)] ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one Sodium borohydride (9.7 mg) was added to the reaction solution from example 2(a) followed by 1 ml, of degassed dimethylformamide. After stirring for 30 minutes 1 ml of 1 N HCl was added. The reaction mixture was partitioned between 4 ml of ethyl acetate and 10 ml of water. The aqueous phase was then extracted three times with ethyl acetate. All organic extracts were combined, washed with brine three times, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting oily residue was chromatographed using silica gel (70-230 mesh) and eluted with 1-5% methanol in methylene chloride. The oily product was identical to that obtained in example 1.

Claims: 1. A compound represented by the structural formula (II), wherein X is selected from: i) an azole selected from: ii) wherein Z₁ is C₁₋₅ alkyl; or iii) wherein wherein: n is 0 to 5 R₁ and R₂ independently are hydrogen, C₁₋₅ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbocyclic ring of 3 to 8 carbon atoms; R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃ alkylthio, phenyl, phenylthio or substituted phenyl in which the substituents are V and W and when n is 2 to 5, each of the R₃s and R₄s are independently hydrogen, C₁₋₃ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl or only one of the R₃s and R₄s is phenyl or substituted phenyl; R₅ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C₁₋₅ alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl in which the substituents are V and W, or R₅ is a group selected from: a) C₁₋₅ alkylthio or phenylthio or substituted phenylthio in which the substituents are V and W; b) C₁₋₅-alkanoyloxy-C₁₋₄-alkyl; c) in which m is 0 to 3 and R₆ is C₁₋₅ alkyl; d) in which R₇ and R₈ are independently C₁₋₅ alkyl or R₇ and R₈ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocycle selected from piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl or thiomorpholinyl; e) in which q is 0 to 2 and R₉ is C₁₋₅ alkyl or phenyl or substituted phenyl in which the substituents are V and W; V and W independently are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, C₁₋₃ alkyloxy and hydroxy-C₁₋₃ alkyl; and Q is selected from: a) b) ―CH₂CH₂CN; c) z is 0 to 2 and P and P₁ are C₁₋₅ alkyl or P and P₁ together with the oxygens and carbon to which they are attached form a ring of 5 to 8 atoms; A is H or OH; and a , b and c represent single bonds or one of a , b or c represents a double bond or a and c are both double bonds. 2. A compound of Claim 1 wherein Q is a and c represent double bonds; and wherein A is H, R₁ is methyl, R₂ is methyl, n is 1, R₃ is hydrogen, R₄ is hydrogen and R₅ is C₁₋₅ alkyl; and wherein X is an azole selected from 3. A compound of Claim 2 wherein X is 4. A compound of Claim 2 wherein X is 5. A process for the preparation of a compound of Claim 1, comprising: contacting a compound of formula (I), with i) a N,N′-carbonyldiazole or: ii) wherein Z₁ is C₁₋₅ alkyl and triethylamine; or iii) N-hydroxy-succinimide or N-hydroxybenzotriazole and a diimide selected from dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N-ethyl-N′-(N,N′-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride in an inert solvent. 6. A process according to Claim 5 wherein the temperature is between -75°C and 0°C; and the solvent is selected from: methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran. 7. A process according to Claim 6 wherein Q is a and c are double bonds; and A is hydrogen, R₁ is methyl, R₂ is methyl, n is 1, R₃ is hydrogen, R₄ is hydrogen, R₅ is methyl. 8. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (III), where R, A, and Q are as defined in claim 1, which comprises: contacting a compound of formula (II) where R, A, Q and X are as defined in claim 1, with an alkali metal borohydride in a polar solvent. 9. A process of claim 8 wherein the alkali metal borohydride is NaBH₄; and the polar solvent is selected from: absolute ethanol, dimethylformamide. 10. A process according to Claim 9 wherein Q is a and c are double bonds; and A is hydrogen, R₁ is methyl, R₂ is methyl, n is 1, R₃ is hydrogen, R₄ is hydrogen and R₅ is methyl.

Inventors: GRAHAM, SAMUEL L., SCHOLZ, THOMAS H.
Applicants: MERCK & CO. INC.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: C07D309
IPC codes: C07C69, C07F9, C07D249, C07C255, C07D405, C07D207, C07C253, C07D233, C07D309, C07C67