A BRACKET FOR ATTACHMENT OF WALL LININGS

Abstract: Bracket destined to be mounted on a wall to extend therefrom and so designed that a separately manufactured material in the form of sheets, such as a glass wool mat, is suspended on the bracket by pressing the material against the bracket and causing the material to be pierced by the bracket. According to the invention the bracket is made out of bent wire (121, 122).

Description: A BRACKET FOR ATTACHMENT OF WALL LININGS It is known to attach insulating sheets in the form of plates and webs on a wall with the aid of brackets extending from the wall, the sheets being attached to the wall by causing the brack ets to extend through the sheets su ch as to f orm suspending means therefore. It has previously been suggested to manufacture the bracket from plate material. In order to attach to the brackets a surface covering such as wall panel, facade, sheets of wood, plating, lacquered plate, but also for attaching a grid carrying plaster intended to form a finished wall surface, it is known from my Swedish patent application 85 02247-6 to provide the bracket with a recess into which an horizontally directed bar is inserted. The bar serves to retain a layer of insulating material which is pressed steadily onto the bracket and thereby is pierced by th e bra ck et . Th e bra cket a l so has a s econd reces s f or receiving a beam or bolt. The beam serves as a support in which the facade sheet or the l ike is anchored. A disadvantage of the known bracket resides in the fact that it is diff icult to set up and that it s relatively bulky whereby handling is troublesome and storing on the work place requires space . Brackets for attachtή ng only insultating material but riot wal l-facing material are known from e.g. SE-A 338 143 , SE-A- 403 310, SE-A-423 419. These known brackets are manufactured from wire and for attaching the insulation to the brackets separate ties are used which also are made of wire . From SE-A-395 941 there is known a bracket manufactured from a plating through which the insulation is passed. When the insulating plate is in pos ition, the plate strip is bent in order thus to achor the insultating sheet . US-A-3 471 988 shows a wire clamp intended to be inserting to a brick wall. Subsequently a wooden board is attached to the clamp. These clamps are in particular used around window and door openings in brick walls. Neither insulating slabs nor facade sheets are attached to the clamp. In accordance with the present invention it is suggested to manufacture the bracket out of wire which is bent to such shape that it has sufficient strength to support the insulating slabs as well as any wall panel used. The bracket according to the invention has an attaching device intended to support a beam or cross bar retaining the perforated insulation against the wall and serving as a support for a facade sheet or the like. One of the advantages obtained by the invention resides in the fact that the same type of bracket may be used throughout the whole wall and that various types of wall cover may be attached to the wall. In the central portion of the wall it is for example possible to attach facade panel of wood to the brackets, above, under the eave, panels of plating may be attached to the brackets and on the lower portion of the wall a plaster layer may be supported by the brackets. All these layers are provided on te outside of the insulating slabs attached to the brackets and a air gap exists between the insulating slabs and the facade cover. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention the position of the screw with which the bracket is anchored in the wall is shifted into the arm of the bracket so that the moments due to which the facade cover under the action of gravity tends to turn the bracket in the downward direction is compensated by maximum moments with which a negative pressure caused by wind acting on the wall tends to turn the bracket in an upward direction. This has the advantages that the force with which the screw is anchored in the wall may be reduced to only about 36 kg. A bracket manufactured out of wire is resilient i.e. elastic in both the horizontal and vertical directions which means that the brackets absorb the temperature stresses to which the wall panels are exposed during respectively the day and the year. Hereby cracks in the wall facade are avoided. Other advantages of the wire bracket according to the invention appear in connection with the attachment of the insulating slabs. When the brackets have been screwed into the wall the insulating slabs are attached by being pressed onto the brackets which are caused to cut through the insulating material. If the insulating material is in the shape of long lengths delivered in the form of a compacted roll, the entire roll is lifted to the top of the scaffold, whereafter the roll is opened and the whole length is released over the wall and attached to the brackets. When the whole wall has been covered with insulting material the transverse beams are inserted in the hooks of the bracket whereafter the insulating material is slightly compressed inwardly, about 7-8%. The compression is performed uniformly over the whole width of the insulating material whereby the insulating effect is enhanced. The longitudinal beams have such a cross-section as to be telescopically shiftable into each other facilitating a quick anchoring of the insulating material along extended horizontal lengths without time-requiring work for adapting the beams end-against-end or to saw the beams into suitable lengths. It is not necessary mutually to anchor the beams, it being sufficient to insert them into each other to a desired degree. The whole work of attaching the brackets to the wall, mounting the insulating slabs onto the brackets, anchoring the insulating slabs by means of the cross bars is extremely facilitated and requires short time because no sawing is required of either the insulating material or the beams. In window and door openings the insulating material is cut away and removed. No conventional cross-bars are needed for insulating purposes. No thermal bridges will be formed as no conventional cross-bars are used, whereby the insulating effect is improved. Also the mounting of the wall panels or the like is facilitated because they may be placed against two beams vertically spaced from each other and thereafter be attached e.g. by means of rivets without exact fitting work. Suitably the side edges of the wall panels are disposed in overlapping relation to the side edges of the insulating sheets to prevent formation of thermal bridges. Hereafter the invention will be described by reference to the attached drawings in which Figures 1 and 2 are side views of a bracket according to the invention in two mounting phases. Figure 3 is a side view of another embodiment of the invention, Figures 4 to 8 are perspective views of various additional embodiments of the invention, Figure 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the bracket according to the invention, Figure 10 is an elevational view of a bracket according to Figure 9, Figure 11 is a front view of the bracket according to Figure 9, Figure 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the bracket according to the invention. Figure 13 is an elevation of the bracket according to Figure 12, Figure 14 is an elevational view of another embodiment of the bracket according to the invention. Figure 15 is a plan view of a wall on which the brackets according to the invention have been mounted whereafter insulating material and wall panel have been attached to the brackets, Figure 16 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the bracket according to the invention, Figure 17 is a perspective view of the bracket when used for supporting a grid serving as a frame work for a layer of plaster, Figure 18 is a side view of the bracket when used for attaching a grid with the aid of a spacing element, said grid serving as a frame work for the layer of plaster, Figure 19 is a perspective view of the spacing element shown in Figure 18, Figure 20 shows the spacing element according to Figure 19 attached to the bracket in the way illustrated in Figure 18 and, Figure 21 shows the bracket according to the invention provided with a tie known in itself for anchoring a brick in a brick facade not shown. The bracket is made out of wire which, for example, may have a thickness of 4 to 5 mm. For outside facades it is suitab-le that the wire is of rustless steel. The bracket comprises an upper and a lower part. The lower part forms a vertical portion 10, a horizontal portion 11 and an end portion 12 which is S-shaped. The upper part comprises an inclined portion 13 and an S-shaped portion 14. The upper and lower portions are united by welds at 15 and 16. At its upper end the bracket is provided with an eye 17 to receive a screw or other fastening means to suspend the bracket on a wall 18. The end portion 12 is shaped to carry a plate beam 20 for attaching a panel 21. In Figure 1 the portion 14 is bent backward so that the beam 20 may be applied and in Figure 2 the portion 14 has been bent outwardly to retain the plate beam 20. Insulating sheets are provided between the wall 18 and the beam 20. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of fundamentally the same type but with a modified shape of the end portion and the plate beam. In this case the bracket requires no bending in order to retain the plate beam 30 which is inserted in the position 31 shown in broken lines and is swung in the direction of arrow 32 to the position 30. Fundamentally the system is intended to form av stable unit of substantially triangular shape. The advantages obtained by using wire instead of plating reside in the fact that it will be cheaper to manufacture the bracket out of rustless steel if it has the shape here suggested. Figure 4 shows an embodiment composed of two bent wires 41 and 42 shaped to form the same type of bracket as shown in the previous Figures, the fastening device for the plate cross-bar 43 , shown in broken lines , being of substantially the same type. The wires form substantially a rectangular triangle where wire 41 forms the longer side and wire 42 the shorter side. The wires are laterally connected by welding at the meeting points 44 and 45. The ends of wire 41 form two eyes , an upper eye 46 and a lower eye 47. In the position shown of the bracket the upper eye 46 serves to suspend the bracket on a holding element on the wal l, whereas the lower eye 47 acts as a support of the cross-bar 43. It is a purpose of this embodiment to enable the bracket to be turned so that the eye 47 is turned upwardly against the wall and the eye 46 down. By shaping the two branches 48 and 49 of the wire 42 with di fferent lengths , the bracket may be adapted to two different thicknesses of the insulation. The ends 50 and 51 of the wire 42 are bent to retain the cross-bar 43. Figure 5 shows a similar bracket 52 distinguished from the bracket according to Figure 4 by the fact that the long side 53 of the triangle is outwardly bent. Figure 6 shows another modification of the bracket according to Figure 4 distinguished from the latter by the fact that the long side 61 is outwardly concave. Figure 7 shows another modification of the bracket in which the long triangle side 71 is shaped with a partial inward bending 71 in the middle. The purpose of this is to render the bracket flexible. Figure 8 shows a bracket of a different type compared to the brackets according to Figures 4 to 7, said bracket 80 being bend from a single wire. The branch 81 of the wire forms at its lower end a support 82 for a plate cross-bar 83, part of which is shown in broken likes. The upper portion of branch 81 forms the long side of the rectangular triangle, the short sides of which are formed by the other branch 84. The free end of branch 84 forms a hook 85 retaining the cross-bar 83. An eye 86 is arranged at the transition between the branches 81, 84. It may happen that a facade is exposed to negative pressure on the outer surface tending to draw the panel the in outward direction. In the brackets so far described this would mean that the lower end of the bracket is drawn outward and that the bracket will turn in an outward-upward direction about its suspension point at the upper end. In order to avoid this it is suitable the use a separate clamp attaching the lower end of the bracket to the wall. Such a clamp is shown in Figure 4 where clamp 100 is shaped as a plate which at its one end is deformed into a hook 101 catching the bracket and is provided with a screw hole 102 enabling the clamp to be attached by means of a screw 103 to the wall. In Figure 5 there is shown a different type of clamp 110 for the same purpose. It comprises a wire bent into two hooks, one 111 of which extends around the bracket at its lower corner whereas the other one 112 is attached by means of a screw 113 to the wall below the bracket. It is the purpose of this embodiment that the upper attachment screw of the bracket (not shown) should be spaced to the greatest extent possible from the attachment screw of the clamp thereby to reduce the risk that the pulling force acting on the bracket should brake loose a wall portion between the screws. Such risk is imminent if the walls comprise a material of low tensile strength. The number of clamps of the types 100 and 110 may be chosen in consideration of the tensile forces that may be calculated to act onto the walls and may even be adapted to the weight of the panel. A heavy panel yields a greater weight counteracting the lifting of the bracket about their upper supspension point so that the number of clamps 100 och 110 may be less than in the case of a light-weight panel. It may be emphasized that even if the clamps 100 and 110 have been shown only in combination with one of the brackets , both clamps may be used in connection with any of the brackets shown. The device shown may generally be used to attach a layer of material to a wall and is specifically suitable for material in the form of mats for heat insulation, such as glass fibre or glass wool mats which are permeable in such a way that the bracket permeates the mat when it is pressed against the bracket. Figure 9 shows another embodiment of a bracket in which two wires 121, 122 of acid-resistant rustless steel, quality 3343, by means of welds 123 , 124 are connected in a side-by-side pos ition to form a bracket. In the vertical portion of the bracket the wires are bent to form an eye 125 through which a screw 126 shown in Figure 10 is intended to be inserted to attach the bracket to the wall. In the horizontal portion of the bracket the wire 121 is bent to form a hook 127 intended to receive the Z-shaped beam 128 shown in Figure 10 onto which a facade sheet 129 is attached, for example by rivets. In the horizontal portion of the bracket the end portion 130 of wire 122 is bevelled to form an edge intended to cut throught the insulation sheet 131 which on the outward side may be covered by a rigid facade material 132 such as plastic. The web of beam 128 establishes an air gap between the outer surface of the insulating sheet 131 and the inner surface of the facade material 132. The end 130 (Figure 9) has a through opening 133 enabling a plaster-supporting grid (shown in Figure 17) to be attached, e.g. by means of wire elements, (the facade sheet 129 and the beam being omitted in this case). The plaster is placed to the desired thickness outwardly of the grid whereby the plaster will be freely suspended and supported by the bracket enabling the plaster to take part in the thermal expansion of the facade. The insulating material suitably has such thickness that the grid is in contact with the insulating material. In this case there is no air gap between the plaster layer and the insulation. Figure 10 shows how the insulation is secured behind beam 128 on the level of the hook 127. The position of the eye 125 on the vertical portion of the bracket is an important factor and is so chosen that the gravitational, downwardly directed moment is balanced by the upward moment acting onto the facade sheet when the wind is blowing to exert a negative pressure on the wall facade. The screw 126 in this case only requires a holding force of about 36 kg. This means that if the screw is pulled in a straight outward direction in the normal plane of the wall, the retaining force acting on the screw only needs to amount to about 36 kg. Figures 12 and 13 show a bracket similar to that shown in Figures 9 and 10 in that the wires 134 and 135 are positioned side by side and welded together at 136 and 137. The vertical and horizontal portions of the bracket have equal length causing the bracket to be symmetric so that it does not matter how it is oriented when it is screwed onto the wall. The wires are bent to ■F orm eyes 138, 139 for receiving screws. The wire 134 forms the points 140, 141 of the bracket which are bevelled to form an edge passing through the insulating sheet and which have an aperture each similar to the aperture shown in Figures 9 and 10 for attaching, for example, a plaster- supporting grid. Wire 134 has a bent portion 142 contributing towards stiffness and resiliency of the bracket in the vertical direction. Wire 134 is bent at either end to form one hook 143, 144 each similar hook 127 in Figure 9. The wire 135 is bent rectangularly at 145. Figure 14 shows another embodiment of a bracket comprising two wires 146, 147 positioned side by side. The structure is identical with that shown in Figures 12 and 13 except for the fact that the vertial portion (in the orientation of the bracket as shown in Figure 14) is shorter than the horizontal portion. This offers the previously mentioned advantage that the same bracket may be used for two different thicknesses of the insulation material. Thus, wire 146 has an hook at either end whereas wire 147 is bevelled at both ends to form cutting edges. Figure 15 shows a wall 148 into which a number of cross-marked bracket 149 are screwed. Lengths of insulating material 150 are suspended on the horizontal portions of the brackets. In the Figure there are shown three lengths or mats 150 of insulating material disposed side by side tightly adjacent each other in a non-overlapping relation. Subsequently beams 151, 152, 153, 154, of e.g. aluminium, have been inserted into the hooks of the brackets to anchor the insulation. It is to be noted that the beams 151 and 152 telescopically are inserted into each other and that the joint shown at 155 and 156 respectively is not a butt joint. Thus no cutting of the beams is required at the corners of the wall. Subsequently facade sheets 157 (of which 3 are shown in Figure 15) are attached by rivets (indicated by dots) on the outside of the beams in the way shown in Figure 10. The butt-joints between the facade sheets are laterally shifted in relation the butt- joints between the insulating mats 150 in order to eliminate thermal bridges. Figure 16 shows an embodiment similar to that shown in Figure 12 with the exception that both wires 158, 159 of the bracket are bent rectangularly and that the hooks 160, 161 of the bracket extend at right angles and thus are not circularly bent. The vertical portion A of the bracket is slightly shorter that the horizontal portion B. The bracket is intended to be used together with a Z-shaped beam 162 the web portion of which has two rows of elongated through-openings designated 163 for the inner row and 164 for the outer row. The beam 162 is placed over hook 161 so that either the inner row 163 of openings or the outer row 164 of openings is engaged with the hook 161. In the former case the bracket may be used together with an insulation having a first thickness and in the latter case together with an insulation having a second thickness different from the first one. Alternatively the bracket according to Figure 16 may be used in such a way that the section B forms the vertical portion. If the Z-beam 162 shown in Figure 16 is used to squeeze the insulation, the insulation may have a third thickness different from both the first and second thicknesses or a forth thickness different from both the first, second and third thicknesses depending on whether the beam is suspended on the hook 160 with its inner row 163 or outer row 164 of openings. Figure 17 shows how the bracket according to Figure 16 may be used to attach a grid 165 with the aid of wire elements 166 having the shape shown and being inserted through the hole 133 in the bracket. The hook 161 of the bracket serves as support for the wire structure. A plaster layer (not shown) is there¬ after applied to the grid 165. Between the wall and the grid 165 the previously mentioned insulation, not shown in Figure 17, is supported. Figure 18 shows an arrangement similar to that of Figure 17. The bracket 167 is mounted on the wall by means of a screw 168. The insulation 169 has a thickness essentially corresponding to the spacing between the wall 148 and the hook 161 of the bracket. A spacing element 170 is clamped onto the hook. The spacing element 170 has the general shape as shown in Figures 19 and 20 and is preferably made of plastic. The spacing element 170 has a clamping portion 171 formed as a rib provided with a groove clamped about the hook 161 of the bracket. Moreover the spacing element has an outer portion 172 serving to compress the insulation slightly towards the wall 148. This causes the wire meshing 165 to lose contact with the ins ulat ion 16 9 which means that an air gap is formed therebetween. The wire meshing is retained between the hook 161 and the wire element 166. When plaster is applied a portion thereof will penetrate through the opening of the wire meshing and the grid thus will be pos itioned some distance into the plaster layer to serve as armouring there in. This armouring is stronger than that achieved by the embodiment according to Figure 17. Both in the embodi ment according to Fi gur e 17 and that according to Figure 18 the plaster layer will be supported by the horizontal portion of the brackets. Thus, the plaster layer will not hang down towards and with its total weight press against and thereby damage the insulation but the plaster layer is f ree ly s upported by the brackets . Thi s is an important feature of the invention. Finally Figure 21 shows how the bracket according to the invention may be provided with a tie 173 of a type known in itsel f. The tie is passed through the opening 133 of the bracket and serves to retain a brick of a brick wall . The invention may be modified and varied in many ways within the frame of the protective range of the claims .

Claims: AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 4 January 1989 (04.01.89); original claims 1-11 replaced by amended claims 1-7 (2 pages)] 1. Bracket adapted to be attached on a wall to extend therefrom and permitting a separately fabricated layer material, such as a glass fibre mat, to be suspended on the bracket by using the material against the bracket to cause the bracket to perforate the material, said bracket including at least one attachment device (127; 143, 144; 161, 162; 133; 140, 141) for attaching a beam (128; 151-154; 162) for fasad material (129; 157) or for attaching a plaster-supporting network (165) or for attaching a brick-holding tie (173) characterized in that said bracket consist of two wires (121, 122; 134, 135) welded side by side, that the wires are circle- bent to form an eye (125; 138) serving as means for attaching the bracket on a wall with the aid of a screw, and that said eye (125; 138) is provided some distance inwardly on one of the branches of the bracket. 2. Bracket according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment device is a bent end portion (127, 143, 160, 161) of one of the two wires. 3. Bracket according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment device is an opening (133) provided in the end portion of the other one of the two wires. 4. Bracket as claimed in claim 2, intended to cooperate with a beam having Z-section, wherein one side of the beam is inserted into the bent end portion (127, 143), that the other side of the beam forms a support for attaching a wall panel (129) characterized in that the web portion (128) of the beam has a width defining an air gap between the outside of the material layer (131) and the inside of the wall panel (129). 5. Bracket as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the wires has a bent portion (142; 146) serving as a stiffining spring. 6. Bracket as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bracket is provided with two eyes (138, 139) to be used alternatively, the extending portion of the bracket having different length in the two alternative cases to permit the same bracket to be used for material layers of two different thicknesses. 7. Bracket as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterized by a spacing element (170) having a clamping portion (171) for attachment to the one attaching device (161) of the bracket and a surface portion (172) adapted to urge an insulating layer (169) against the wall (148). STATEMENTUNDERARTICLE19 The embodiments shown in Figure 1-8 - the single wire embodi¬ ments - are cancelled. The characteristic features of the invention are 1) the two wires welded side by side 2) the eye made between the wires and through which a screw is inserted for attaching the bracket to a wall 3) the position of the eye on the branch - side position making it possible for the bracket to withstand the negative pressure caused by the wind by using only one attachment screw.

Inventors: LARSSON JOHN ARTHUR, LARSSON, JOHN, ARTHUR
Applicants: LARSSON JOHN ARTHUR, LARSSON, JOHN, ARTHUR
Application year: 1988
Main classification: E04B1
IPC codes: E04B2, E04F13