NONLINEAR SIGNAL GENERATING CIRCUIT AND NONLINEAR COMPENSATING DEVICE USING THE SAME

Abstract: A device for compensating for nonlinearity of amplifiers by use of a predistortion principle, and a nonlinear signal generating circuit built in such a device. The nonlinear signal generating circuit (128) includes a quadrature hybrid of the type using a distributed constant line. Two diodes (134,136;140,142) and a terminal resistor (138; 144) are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other and connected between the terminals of coupling and passing ports of the hybrid and ground. The nonlinear compensating device is constituted by the combination of a plurality of quadrature hybrids (112,114,116,118,120,122) of the type using a distributed constant line and various kinds of diodes. All the circuit segments of the device are implemented with a planar circuit provided on a single dielectric substrate and diodes which are held in a pair chip condition. Such circuitry is accommodated in a single air-tight housing to complete a microwave integrated circuit (Fig. 4).

Description: The present invention relates to a device for compensating for nonlinearity of amplifiers by use of a predistortion principle and to a nonlinear signal generating circuit being used in such a device. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with a nonlinear compensating device of the type using a distortion generating circuit in which diodes are built in to serve as distortion generating elements. US-A-4 588 958 relates to an adjustable reflective predistortion circuit. US-A-4 588 958 discloses a nonlinear signal generating circuit comprising a quadrature hybrid having an input port, a coupling port, a passing port and an output port. A parallel connection is connected at one end to said passing port of said quadrature hybrid and at the other end to ground. The parallel connection is constituted by a first and a second diode which are connected in parallel and are opposite in polarity to each other. US-A-4 122 399 relates to a distortion generator. US-A-4 122 399 shows a coupling port and a passing port to each of which an identical circuit is connected. Only one diode is associated with each of the coupling port and passing port. It is an object of the present invention to provide a nonlinear signal generating circuit operable over a wide bandwidth. It is another object of the present invention to provide a nonlinear signal generating circuit which can be implemented with a planar circuit and, therefore, with a microwave integrated circuit. It is another object of the present invention to provide a nonlinear signal generating circuit which eliminates the need for adjustment. It is another object of the present invention to provide a nonlinear compensating device with high wide band performance. It is another object of the present invention to provide a nonlinear compensating device which eliminates scattering in characteristic due to the connection of individual structural elements, thereby promoting uniformization of characteristics. The above objects are achieved by a nonlinear signal generating circuit and a nonlinear compensating device according to the claims. In accordance with the present invention, a nonlinear signal generating circuit comprises a quadrature hybrid having an input port, a coupling port, a passing port and an output port, a first parallel connection constituted by a first and a second diode which are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other and a first terminating resistor which is connected in parallel with the first and second diodes, the first parallel connection being connected at one end to the coupling port of the quadrature hybrid and at the other end to ground, and a second parallel connection constituted by a third and a fourth diode which are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other and a second terminating resistor which is connected in parallel with the third and fourth diodes, the second parallel connection being connected at one end to the passing port of the quadrature hybrid and at the other end to ground. Further, in accordance with the present invention, a nonlinear compensating device comprises a power distributor constituted by an input terminal and a first quadrature hybrid, a distortion generator constituted by a second quadrature hybrid and nonlinear elements and connected to the power distributor, a variable attenuator constituted by a third quadrature hybrid and PIN diodes and connected to the distortion generating circuit, a fixed phase shifter constituted by a fourth quadrature hybrid and propagation lines and connected to the power distributor, a variable phase shifter constituted by a fifth quadrature hybrid and varactor diodes and connected to the fixed phase shifter, and a power combiner constituted by a sixth quadrature hybrid and an output terminal and connected to the variable attenuator and variable phase shifter. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a nonlinear signal generating circuit in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a nonlinear compensating device in accordance with the present invention; and Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the device of Fig. 2 which is constructed into a microwave integrated circuit. Referring to Fig. 1, a nonlinear signal generating circuit embodying the present invention is shown and generally designated by the reference numeral 30. As shown, the circuit 30 includes a quadrature hybrid 32 as its major component. The quadrature hybrid 32 has an input port 34, an isolation port 36 which serves as an output port, a coupling port 38 to which two diodes 40 and 42 and a terminal resistor 44 are connected, and a passing port 46 to which two diodes 48 and 50 and a terminating resistor 52 are connected. The diodes 40 and 42 are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other, and so are the diodes 48 and 50. With respect to high frequency, the diodes 40 and 48 and the terminal resistors 44 and 52 are connected to ground by bypass capacitors 54, 56, 58 and 60, respectively. On the other hand, the diodes 42 and 50 are connected to ground directly. A bias terminal 62 is provided at the junction of the diodes 40 and 48 and bypass capacitors 56 and 58, allowing a bias current to be fed to the four diodes 40, 42, 48 and 50 therethrough. In this construction, a high frequency signal applied to the input port 34 is divided to reach the coupling port 38 on one hand and the passing port 46 on the other hand. The signal reaching the coupling port 38 is terminated by the diodes 40 and 42 and terminating resistor 44 while the other signal reaching the passing port 46 is terminated by the diodes 48 and 50 and terminating resistor 52. As a result, only nonlinear signals which are individually generated by the diodes 40 and 42 and the diodes 48 and 50 are combined by the quadrature hybrid 32, a composite signal appearing on the output port 36. The nonlinear signal generating circuit 30 having the above construction is advantageously operable over a wide bandwidth because its major element is the quadrature hybrid 32. The quadrature hybrid 32 can readily be implemented with a planar circuit and, therefore, allows the circuit 30 to be fabricated in a microwave integrated circuit configuration. In addition, the quadrature hybrid 32 eliminates the need for adjustment. Referring to Fig. 2, a nonlinear compensating device, generally 110, in accordance with the present invention includes six quadrature hybrids 112, 114, 116, 118, 120 and 122 which are identical in distributed constant line. The first quadrature hybrid 112 is connected to an input terminal 126 and serves as a power distributor 124. One of two output terminals of the power distributor 124 is connected to a distortion generating circuit 128 which is identical with the distortion generating circuit shown in Fig. 1 except for a DC biasing circuit and the bypass capacitors 54 to 60. The circuit 128 is constituted by the second quadrature hybrid 114 and two parallel connections 130 and 132 connected to the hybrid 114. The parallel connection 130 is made up of diodes 134 and 136 and a terminating resistor 138 connected in parallel with the diodes 134 and 136 while the parallel connection 132 is made up of diodes 140 and 142 and a terminating resistor 144 connected in parallel with the diodes 140 and 142. The diodes 134 and 136 are connected in parallel in opposite relation to each other with respect to polarity, and so are done the diodes 140 and 142, each diode serving as a nonlinear element. Connected to the distortion generating circuit 128 is a variable attenuator 146 which is constituted by the third quadrature hybrid 116 and two PIN diodes 148 and 150. A DC biasing circuit for these diodes 148 and 150 is not shown in Fig. 2. The variable attenuator 146 is connected to a power combiner 152 which is constituted by the sixth quadrature hybrid 122 and provided with an output terminal 154. In this manner, the distortion generating circuit 128 and variable attenuator 146 are cascaded between the power distributor 124 and power combiner 152 to set up a nonlinear route. A fixed phase shifter 156 is made up of the fourth quadrature hybrid 118 and two distributed constant lines 158 and 160. The fixed phase shifter 156 is connected to the other output terminal of the power distributor 124 and to a variable phase shifter 162 which consists of the fifth quadrature hybrid 120 and two varactor diodes 164 an 166. A DC biasing circuit for these varactor diodes is not shown in Fig. 2. With respect to a variable phase shifter of this type, a reference may be made to US-A-4 638 269. The variable phase shifter 162 is connected to the power combiner 152. As stated, the fixed phase shifter 156 and variable phase shifter 162 are cascaded between the power distributor 124 and the power combiner 152 to complete a linear route which is symmetrical to the previously mentioned nonlinear route. Signals propagated through the two routes are combined in opposite phase by the power combiner 152 so that a composite signal appears on the output terminal 154. As shown in Fig. 3, the diodes 134, 136, 140 and 142, the resistors 138 and 144, the PIN diodes 148 and 150, and varactor diodes 164 and 166 which are built in the compensating device 110 are used in pair chips without exception. Further, all the quadrature hybrids 112, 114, 116, 118, 120 and 122 are provided in patterns (microstrip lines) on a single dielectric substrate 168 together with their associated connecting lines and fixed phase shifter 156. All the circuits are accommodated in a single air-tight housing 170 to complete a microwave integrated circuit. Such a configuration allows a minimum scattering due to connection and scattering in characteristic due to unnecessary reactance to occur, whereby characteristics are uniformalized. In addition, by virtue of the symmetry established between the nonlinear and linear routes, i. e. , the identical phase characteristic of the two routes, the frequency-dependence of the phase difference between the two routes is effectively reduced to allow the frequency band to be broadend as desired. In summary, it will be seen that a nonlinear signal generating circuit of the present invention exhibits desirable wide band performance, can be implemented with a planar circuit and, therefore, with a microwave integrated circuit with ease, and eliminates the need for adjustment. All these advantages are derived from the use of a quadrature hybrid. Further, a nonlinear compensating device of the present invention achieves a wide bandwidth as well as uniform characteristics because it uses the combination of quadrature hybrids and various kinds of diodes, and because they are provided on a single dielectric substrate and accommodated in a single air-tight housing with symmetry of the circuit preserved.

Claims: A nonlinear signal generating circuit comprising: a quadrature hybrid (32) having an input port (34), a coupling port (38), a passing port (46) and an output port (36); a first parallel connection (40, 42, 44) comprising a first and a second diode (40, 42) which are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other, said first parallel connection being connected at one end to said coupling port (38) of said quadrature hybrid (32) and at the other end to ground; and characterized in that it further comprises a second parallel connection (48, 50, 52) comprising a third and a fourth diode (48, 50) which are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other, said second parallel connection being connected at one end to said passing port (46) of said quadrature hybrid (32) and at the other end to ground, a first terminating resistor (44) which is connected in parallel with said first and second diodes (40, 42) and a second terminating resistor (52) which is connected in parallel with said third and fourth diodes (48, 50). A circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said output port (36) comprises an isolation port. A circuit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said first and second parallel connections each serve as a nonlinear element. A circuit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said first diode (42) of said first parallel connection and said third diode (50) of said second parallel connection are connected to be identical in polarity, and so are done said second diode (40) and said fourth diode (48). A circuit as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein a first, a second, a third and a fourth capacitor (54, 56, 58, 60) are connected between said first terminating resistor (44) and ground, between said second diode (40) and ground, between said second terminating resistor (52) and ground, and between said fourth diode (48) and ground, respectively, said circuit further comprising a bias terminal (62) connected to a junction of said second diode (40) and second capacitor (56) and a junction of said fourth diode (48) and fourth capacitor (58) for feeding a bias current to said first to fourth diodes (40, 42, 48, 50). A nonlinear compensating device for branching an input signal into two, generating an amplitude-controlled nonlinear signal from one of the two signals, generating a phase-controlled linear signal from the other of said two signals, and combining said nonlinear signal and said linear signal, said device (110) comprising: a power distributor (124) constituted by a first quadrature hybrid (112) for branching a signal come in through an input port (126) into two; a distortion generating circuit (128) comprising a first parallel connection comprising a first and a second diode (134, 136) which are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other and a first terminating resistor (138) which is connected in parallel with said first and second diodes (134, 136), a second parallel connection comprising a third and a fourth diode (140, 142) which are connected in parallel and opposite in polarity to each other and a second terminating resistor (144) which is connected in parallel with said third and fourth diodes (140, 142), and a second quadrature hybrid (114) having an input port connected to a coupling port of said first quadrature hybrid (112), a coupling port connected to said first parallel connection (134, 136, 138), and a passing port connected to said second parallel connection (140, 142, 144); a variable attenuator (146) constituted by a third quadrature hybrid (116) having an input port connected to an isolation port of said second quadrature hybrid (114), and a coupling port and a passing port connected to ground via respective PIN diodes (148, 150); a fixed phase shifter (156) constituted by a fourth quadrature hybrid (118) having an input port connected to a passing port of said first quadrature hybrid (112), and a coupling port and a passing port connected to respective distributed constant lines (158, 160); a variable phase shifter (162) constituted by a fifth quadrature hybrid (120) having an input port connected to an isolation port of said fourth quadrature hybrid (118), and a coupling port and a passing port connected to ground via respective varactor diodes (164, 166); and a power combiner (152) constituted by a sixth quadrature hybrid (122) having an isolation port connected to an isolation port of said third quadrature hybrid (116), an input port connected to an isolation port of said fifth quadrature hybrid (120) and a passing port for outputting an ouput signal through an output terminal (154). A device as claimed in claim 6, wherein said power distributor (124), distortion generating circuit (128), variable attenuator (146) and power combiner (152) which are cascaded constitute a nonlinear route, and said power distributor (124), fixed phase shifter (156), variable phase shifter (162) and power combiner (152) which are cascaded constitute a linear route, said nonlinear and linear routes being symmetrical to each other, wherein a signal applied to said input port (126) is propagated through said linear and nonlinear routes, then combined in opposite phase by said power combiner (152), and then fed out through said output terminal (154). A device as claimed in claim 6 or 7, further comprising a dielectric substrate (168) on which said power distributor (124), distortion generating circuit (128), variable attenuator (146), fixed phase shifter (156), variable phase shifter (162) and power combiner (152) are mounted. A device as claimed in claim 8, wherein all of said PIN diodes (148, 150) and varactor diodes (164, 166) are mounted on said dielectric substrate (168) in pair chips, and said first to sixth quadrature hybrids (112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122) and lines (158, 160) are provided in patterns on said dielectric substrate (168). A device as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein said nonlinear elements are constituted by diodes. A device as claimed in any of claims 8 to 10, further comprising an air-tight housing (170) accommodating said dielectric substrate (168) on which said structural elements are mounted.

Inventors: FUJIKI, YOSHINORI C/O NEC CORPORATION, IMAI, NOBUAKI, ISHIDA, MASATOSHI C/O NEC CORPORATION, NOJIMA, TOSHIO
Applicants: NEC CORPORATION, NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
Application year: 1988
Main classification: H03F1
IPC codes: H03F1