X-RAY TOMOGRAPH

Abstract: An X-ray tomograph which extracts data corresponding to the transmission data of parallel beam X-rays from X-ray transmission data collected on the basis of fan beam X-rays and reconstructs an image on the basis of the extracted data, wherein shower-like artifact occurring in the reconstructed image due to the influence of an instantaneous change in the X-ray intensity is eliminated, characterized by storing a plurality of views of output data from a data collection unit in a buffer memory, calculating the weighted average on the data of a plurality of views stored in the buffer memory to obtain view data free from the influences of the X-ray intensity change, and replacing the view data affected by the X-ray intensity change by this view data.

Description: The present invention relates to removement of artifacts in a reconstructed image in an X-ray computerized tomograph which extracts data corresponding to transmitted data of a parallel beam X-ray from transmitted data of an X-ray acquired based on a fan beam X-ray and reconstructs an image based on the data. BACKGROUND ART An X-ray computerized tomograph (hereinafter, called as an X-ray CT) is a device which reconstructs a tomogram image of a body under test from transmitted data of an X-ray obtained by irradiating an X-ray from the circumference of a body under test. An X-ray CT of a ROTATE - ROTATE system irradiates a fan beam X-ray on a body under test and detects the strength of an X-ray which transmits the body under test by use of a multi-channel X-ray detector. Accordingly, view data obtained by one irradiation become fan beam data. As one of methods of reconstructing an image based on such a view data, there is known a method in which parallel beam data are extracted from fan beam data, and an image reconstructing algorithm for a parallel beam is applied to the parallel beam data. In that case, data based on beams which are parallel with each other are picked up from fan beam data having different views with each other, thereby forming parallel beam data for each view. Therefore, data in each channel in one view have the time of irradiation of an X-ray which is different for each channel. Accordingly, in the case where an X-ray source generates, for example, a ripple-shaped output variation, data for one view include influences of such an X-ray output variation in the channel direction. The influences of such an X-ray output variation can be removed by carrying out acquisition of data in the reference channel of an X-ray detector with a sufficiently fine sampling period and carrying out correction of view data using the data in the reference channel. But, this is not effective in the case where an X-ray output decreases instantaneously due to an abnormal discharge occurring in an X-ray tube and so forth, and shower-shaped artifacts occur on the reconstructed image due to the influence of the above-mentioned decrease of the output. Prior art document US-A-4 068 306 discloses a tomographic X-ray imaging system comprising a large plurality of parallel data acquisition channels which integrate and digitize signals from an array of X-ray detectors. Calibration pulses are injected into each data acquisition channel to permit measurement of drift in electronic gain and DC offset parameters. Separate X-ray detectors continuously monitor the intensity of the X-ray source. The measured values for channel gains, DC offsets, and source intensity are fed to a digital computer where they are automatically combined with X-ray transmission data to compensate for system drift and extend the period between calibration measurements. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to remove shower-shaped artifacts generated in a reconstructed image due to influences of an instantaneous change in strength of an X-ray in an X-ray CT which extracts data corresponding to transmitted data of a parallel beam X-ray from transmitted data of an X-ray acquired based on a fan beam X-ray and reconstructs an image based on the data. To solve this object the present invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus as specified in claim 1. In the X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention, data corresponding to a plurality of views among output data of a data acquisition device are stored in a buffer memory, view data in which the influences of a variation in strength of an X-ray have been removed are formed by weighted averaging the data corresponding to a plurality of views stored in the buffer memory, and view data at the time when a variation in strength of an X-ray was present are replaced with the view data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a conceptual constitution diagram of an embodiment according to the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a diagram explanatory of correction of data using an embodiment according to the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 is a multi-channel X-ray detector for detecting a fan beam X-ray which is irradiated from an X-ray tube (not shown) to transmit a body under test (not shown) and outputting a signal proportional to the strength of an X-ray, and 2 is a data acquisition device which converts output signals of the multi-channel of the X-ray detector 1 into a digital signal and then acquires them. The X-ray detector 1 and the data acquisition device 2 are both the same as those usually used in an X-ray CT. Reference numeral 3 is a correction device which forms a feature of the present invention and includes a buffer memory 4 and a weighted averaging circuit 5. Output data corresponding to a plurality of views among output data of the data acquisition device 2 are stored in the buffer memory 4 in the correction device 3, the data in the buffer memory 4 are processed by the weighted averaging circuit 5. Reference numeral 6 is a watching device which always watches a voltage or a current supplied to an X-ray tube and produces an output signal proportional to the voltage or the current in an X-ray generation system such as an X-ray tube and so forth. Incidentally, as the watching device 6, there may be a device which watches strength of an X-ray directly. Reference numeral 7 is a variation detector which receives the output signal of the watching device 6 and detects an abnormal variation in strength of an X-ray. The variation detector 7 has a reference value for the output signal of the watching device 6, obtains a ratio of the watched output in the n-th view to the reference value, and judges the output signal to be abnormal or normal depending on whether or not the ratio is not more than a fixed value. Further, the variation detector 7 adopts the value of the watched output in the n-th view which it has judged to be normal as a new reference value for a watched output in the (n + 1)-th view. Incidentally, the variation detector 7 may be a device which extracts only a sudden change by making the output signal of the watching device 6 pass through a highpass filter, and compares the sudden change with a fixed reference value for judgement. The judged output signal of the variation detector 7 is provided to the correction circuit 3 as a signal which controls the right or the wrong of a correcting operation. The correcting operation of the correction device 3 is made effective by an output signal judged to be abnormal from the variation detector 7 and ineffective by an output signal judged to be normal. When the operation is made effective, the correction device 3 outputs data obtained by applying such weighted averaging as shown described later to the data in the buffer memory 4 by the weighted averaging circuit 5, and when the operation is made ineffective, the correction device 3 outputs the output data of the data acquisition device 2 as it is. The output data of the correction device 3 are input to a reconstruction device 8. The reconstruction device 8 extracts parallel beam data from fan beam data, and carries out image reconstruction for the parallel data. Such a reconstruction device has been already known. The operation of the X-ray CT constructed as described above is as follows. An X-ray which transmits a body under test is detected by the X-ray detector 1, acquired as digital view data in the data acquisition device 2, and input to the correction device 3. In the correction device 3, the input view data are stored in the buffer memory 4 for each view. On the other hand, the watching device 6 always watches a voltage, a current, or strength of an X-ray itself which is supplied to an X-ray tube and supplies a watched signal proportional to the above one to the variation detector 7. The variation detector 7 compares the watched output signal with the reference value, judges the presence or absence of abnormality in an X-ray source, and generates a judged output signal for representing the judgement. While the variation detector 7 outputs an output signal judged to be normal, the correction device 3 does not operate, and the output data of the data acquisition device 2 is provided to the reconstruction device 8 as they are. When the variation detector 7 outputs an output signal judged to be abnormal, the correction device 3 operates, and carries out such weighted averaging as described in the following using data of a plurality of views stored in the buffer memory 4 by the weighted averaging circuit 5. In other words, assuming that some abnormality occurs at the j-th view, the weighted averaging circuit 5 reads out data of ± L views before and after the data of the j-th view including the data of the j-th view from the buffer memory 4, that is, data of the (2L + 1) views in total and carries out the following calculation. Moreover, this calculation is carried out for data before normalization. where i : channel number j : view number L : the number of the views before and after used for correction W k : weight coefficient assigned for each channel D (i,j) : data before correction C (i,j) : data after correction The expression (1) represents that the data after correction of the i channel of the j view in which some abnormality in strength of X-ray occurs are obtained by weighted averaging the data of the same i channel in the j view and the ± L views before and after the j view. As a concrete example, assuming that the following expressions, that is, the number of views L before and after the j view L = 1, the weight coefficient W₋₁ = 1, W₀ = 2, and W₁ = 1 hold, the corrected data C (i,j) can be obtained as shown in the following. C (i,j) = D (i,j-1) + 2D (i,j) + D (i,j+1) According to such a correction, view data subjected to influences of an instantaneous change in strength of an X-ray as shown in Fig. 2A are corrected to view data from which the influences of a change in strength of an X-ray are removed as shown in Fig. 2B. The corrected data are input into the reconstruction device 8 as new data of j views. The reconstruction device 8 reconstructs an image for the view data obtained in this way. At this time, a reconstructed image for the view data employed for the reconstruction does not include shower-shaped artifacts, because the influences of an instantaneous variation in strength of an X-ray have been removed even if the above-mentioned instantaneous variation has been present.

Claims: An X-ray CT apparatus comprising: a multi-channel detector (1) for detecting a fan beam X-ray from an X-ray source which transmits a body under test; a data acquisition device (2) for acquiring view data based on an output signal of said multi-channel detector (1); a watching means (6) for watching an output of the X-ray source directly or indirectly; a variation detecting means (7) for detecting an abnormal variation in the output of said X-ray source, a correction means (3), and reconstruction means (8), characterized in that said variation detecting means (7) detects said abnormal variation in the output of said X-ray source by comparing an output signal of said watching means (6) with a reference value; said correction means (3) includes a buffer memory (4) for storing output view data of said data acquisition device (2) corresponding to a plurality of views and a weighted averaging means (5) for forming corrected view data by weighted-averaging the view data corresponding to a plurality of views stored in said buffer memory (4), said correction means (3) being controlled by an output signal of said variation detecting means (7) to store and output the view data of said data acquisition device (2) as they are when the output signal of said variation detecting means (7) does not represent an abnormal variation in the output of said X-ray source, and when the output signal of said variation detecting means (7) represents an abnormal variation in the output of said X-ray source in a j-th view to output the view data corrected by weighted averaging data stored in said buffer memory (4) corresponding to a plurality of L views acquired before and after this j-th view, and said reconstruction means (8) receives said view data output from said correction means (3) and extracts parallel beam data from fan beam data, thereby carrying out an image reconstruction processing for a parallel beam. The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said watching means (6) watches a voltage supplied to an X-ray tube. The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said watching means (6) watches a current supplied to an X-ray tube. The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said watching means (6) watches strength of an X-ray which an X-ray tube generates.

Inventors: MATSUMURA SHIGERU YOKOGAWA MED, MATSUMURA, SHIGERU YOKOGAWA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, LTD.
Applicants: YOKOGAWA MEDICAL SYST, YOKOGAWA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, LTD
Application year: 1988
Main classification: G06F15
IPC codes: G01N23, H05G1, G06T11, A61B6