Magnet switch for a starter

Abstract: A magnet switch arrangement having a long flow path through which outside air must pass to enter the inner chamber of the switch where its working contacts are located to prevent the accumulation of dust and moisture therein. A coil unit (3) having a bobbin (4) is provided within a switch housing (2), the bobbin having a cylindrical portion (4a) and a pair of end faces (4b,4c) formed at both sides of the cylindrical portion. A solenoid coil (5,6) is wound on the bobbin's cylindrical portion. A coil chamber (D) is formed between the coil unit and the switch housing. A cylindrical non-magnetic sleeve (7) isolates the inside from the outside of the coil chamber. A plunger having a movable contact is movable inside of the sleeve so that the plunger shifts the pinion toward the ring gear when the solenoid coil is energized. A switch cover (16) includes a contact chamber for covering the movable contact. Fixed contacts (17a,17b) are provided on the switch cover for supplying electrical power to be switched. A first passage is defined between the contact chamber and the plunger chamber. The sleeve and the cylindrical portion of the bobbin define a second passage therebetween which connects the coil chamber on the switch cover side and the plunger chamber. A third passage connects the coil chamber with an outside of the switch housing.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates in general to switches used to activate a starting motor of a vehicle. Description of the Prior Art Known starter magnet switches are structurally arranged in such a manner that moisture and dust laden air flows from outside of the switch all the way into the innermost cavities thereof which contain the switch contacts. There, dust and water tend to accumulate on the fixed and movable contacts and degrade the performance of the switch. In cold weather, the water on the contacts freezes to ice which can completely prevent electrical contact from being made. One known switch arrangement is disclosed in the US-PS 4.203.084. It shows a ventilated electromagnetic switch comprising a cylindrical coil unit in a switch housing. In the coil unit, a plunger connected with a movable contact via a plunger rod is movably arranged. The plunger rod projects into a contact chamber formed by a switch cover adjacent to the switch housing. Two firm and one movable contact members are arranged in the contact chamber. To ventilate the contact chamber, there is a gap in the switch cover, the outlet of which is bent downwards. The US-PS 4 404 533 describes a further magnetic switch device, in which for the venting of the contact chamber an arrangement of bent venting paths with air chambers in between, is suggested. In contract to the invention the ventilating path according to the US-PS 4 404 533 ends in a gear housing, i.e. it is proceeded from a basically different design philosophy. A further switch arrangement is disclosed in the Open Technical Report of Nippondenso No. 21-039 (issued on January 20, 1981). A hole is formed in a plunger boot of the switch so that a plunger chamber within a coil communicates with the inside of a starter housing through a gap between an inner surface of the coil and an outer surface of the plunger. Accordingly, air compressed within the plunger chamber as a result of movement of a plunger flows into the inside of the starter housing through the gap and the hole of the plunger boot. The distance between the inside of the starter housing and the plunger chamber is short, and especially the length of the hole of the plunger boot is very short. Accordingly, upon the plunger's return stroke, water that has entered the starter housing may enter the plunger chamber through the short gap. Since the contact chamber communicates with the plunger chamber, the volume of the plunger boot and the plunger chamber becomes small when the plunger returns. Water having entered the plunger chamber moves easily into the contact chamber. Similarly, dust can easily enter into the conduct chamber. Water in the contact chamber freezes in cold weather thereby preventing electrical connection between contacts and dust accumulating in the chamber tends to deteriorate performance. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnet starter switch that is not easily deteriorated by water and dust, by providing a structural arrangement that prevents water and dust from entering the contact chamber. It is another object of the present invention to provide a structural arrangement for a magnet starter that can be easily manufactured at low cost. According to the present invention, the switch is structured so that the passage between the contact chamber and the outside is elongated with respect to prior art devices by making use of a long passage between the inner circumference of a bobbin and a sleeve. The outside communicates with the long passage through a coil chamber. This long passage presents a high flow resistance to the air, air carrying dust and water droplets are substantially prevented from entering the chamber through the long passage. More particulary, the invention provides a magnet switch arrangement having a long flow path through which outside air must pass to enter the inner chamber of the switch where its working contacts are located to prevent the accumulation of dust and moisture therein. A coil unit (3) having a bobbin (4) is provided within a switch housing (2), the bobbin having a cylindrical portion (4a) and a pair of end faces (4b,4c) formed at both sides of the cylindrical portion. A solenoid coil (5,6) is wound on the bobbin's cylindrical portion. A coil chamber (D) is formed between the coil unit and the switch housing. A cylindrical non-magnetic sleeve (7) isolates the inside from the outside of the coil chamber. A plunger having a movable contact is movable inside of the sleeve so that the plunger shifts the pinion toward the ring gear when the solenoid coil is energized. A switch cover (16) includes a contact chamber for covering the movable contact. Fixed contacts (17a,17b) are provided on the switch cover for supplying electrical power to be switched. A first passage is defined between the contact chamber and the plunger chamber. The sleeve and the cylindrical portion of the bobbin define a second passage therebetween which connects the coil chamber on the switch cover side and the plunger chamber. A third passage connects the coil chamber with an outside of the switch housing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the starter magnet switch according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a sectional view showing an essential portion of the switch of Figure 1 in an enlarged scale; Figure 3 is a side elevation showing the switch of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a sectional view showing an essential portion of the bobbin; Figure 5 is a sectional view showing an essential portion and taken along line V-V of Figure 1; Figure 6 is an electric circuit diagram of a starter; Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the switch of Figure 1. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the enhanced chamber volumes of the present invention which help to prevent dust and moisture from entering the inner chamber of the switch; and Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the various chamber volumes according to a prior art device which does not prevent dust and moisture from entering the inner chamber of the switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 1 is a sectional view of a starter magnet switch 1 according to the present invention. A housing 2 of switch 1 has a cylindrical portion 2a and a disk-shaped flange portion 2b formed at one end of the cylindrical portion 2a and bent inward. A coil unit 3 includes a resin bobbin 4 having a cylindrical portion 4a and first and second end faces 4b and 4c formed at the two ends of the cylindrical portion 4a; a holding coil 5 wound on the cylindrical portion 4a of the bobbin 4; and an attracting coil 6. As shown in Figures 2 and 4, at the inner and outer circumferences of the second end face 4c of the bobbin 4, respectively, there are formed first and second cylindrical portions 4d and 4e, between which are formed an annular space F. An axially extending first groove 4f is formed in the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion 4a, and a cross-sectional area of the groove 4f is about 0.5 mm² and a second groove 4g for providing communication between the first groove 4f and the space F is formed at the end face of the first cylindrical portion 4d. A sleeve 7, made of a non-magnetic material, is arranged to abut against the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion 4a of the bobbin 4 and to face the inner circumference 2c of the flange portion 2b of the switch housing 2 through a small gap E₁. The sleeve 7 thus constructed has its end portion formed integrally with a flange portion 7a which is bent toward the outer circumference. A stationary core 8 has a disk portion 8a, which is arranged at the second end face 4c of the bobbin 4, and a cylindrical portion 8b which extends from the inner circumference of the disk portion 8a along the inner circumference of the sleeve 7. The disk portion 8a is formed with three through holes 8c. A packing 9 is sandwiched between the first end face 4b of the bobbin 4 and the flange portion 2b of the switch housing 2. An O-ring 10 is sandwiched between the flange portion 7a of the sleeve 7 and disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8. As shown in Figure 2, when the fixed iron core 8 is to be fastened around the switch housing 2 by fastening the open end 2d of the switch housing 2 around the outer circumference of the disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8, the packing 9, the first and second end faces 4b and 4c and the first cylindrical portion of the bobbin 4, the flange portion 7a of the sleeve 7 and the O-ring 10 are pressed onto the flange portion 2b of the switch housing 2 by the disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8. The sleeve 7 has its inner and outer circumferences spaced by compressing the packing 9 and the O-ring 10 by that pressure. A plunger 11 is arranged movably in the inner circumference of the sleeve 7. A plunger rod 11a has one end fixed to a movable contact 13 through an insulating member 12. A small gap B is formed between the outer circumference of the plunger rod 11a and the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion 8b of the stationary core 8. A return spring 14 is mounted between the plunger 11 and the stationary core 8. A contact pressure spring 15 is mounted between the plunger rod lla and the insulating member 12. A switch cover 16 made of a resin includes a cover portion 16a for accommodating the movable contact 13 within its inner circumference and a fixed portion 16b abutting against the disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8. The fixed portion 16b is also formed with three holes 16c which are aligned with the through holes 8c of the disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8. First and second fixed contacts 17a and 17b, respectively, are fixed on the switch cover 16 in a sealed fashion by means of an O-ring 18 as to abut against the movable contact 13. A packing 19 seals the fixed portion 16b of the switch cover 16 and the open end 2d of the switch housing 2, and the disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8 and the fixed portion 16b of the switch cover 16. A bolt 20, a nut 21, and a washer 22 together constitute a first fixing means. The bolt 20 has its head 20a inserted into the space F within he first and second cylindrical portions 4d and 4e of the bobbin 4 and its threaded portion 20b projecting to the outside of the switch cover 16 through the through hole 8c of the stationary core 8 and the hole 16c of the switch cover 16. By fitting the washer 2 on the threaded portion 20b and fastening it by the nut 21, the switch cover 16 is pressed and fixed on the stationary core 8. Cylindrical and circular insulating bushes 23a and 23b, respectively, insulate the bolt 20 and the stationary core 8, respectively. Bolt 20, cylindrical insulating bush 23 and the hole 16c of the switch cover 16 are so spaced to form a first air passage G₁. That side of the disk portion 8a of the stationary core 8, which faces the disk-shaped insulating bush 23b, is formed with a groove 8d for establishing a second air passage G₂ for providing communication between the space F and the first air passage G₁. The outer circumference of the fixed portion 16b of the switch cover 16 is formed with a groove 16d which extends radially outwardly of the washer 22 for establishing a third air passage G₃ for communicating with the first air passage G₁. Thus, the first, second, and third air passages G₁, G₂, and G₃ together form an air passage for providing communication between the inside and outside of the switch housing 2. A plunger boot 24 has its inner circumference mounted with an allowance on the plunger 11 and its outer circumference sandwiched fixedly between a housing 25 and the switching housing 2 to isolate the housing 25 and the magnet switch 1. By the plunger boot 24, moreover, a plunger chamber C is kept away from oil, water, dust and so on through the opening (although not shown) of the housing 25 in which a pinion 28 and a ring gear 29 mesh with each other. A lever 26 engages with the plunger 11. The overall electric circuit of the starter will be described with reference to Figure 6. A starter motor 27 is equipped with a coil 27a and an armature 27b. A pinion 28 engages with the other end of the lever 26 for receiving the bobbins of the starter motor 27 transmitted thereto. Reference numeral 29 denotes the ring gear of an internal combustion engine. The node between one terminal of the holding coil 5 and one terminal of the attracting coil 6 is connected with a battery 31 through a key switch 30. The other terminal of the attracting coil 6 is connected with the coil 27a of the starter motor 27. The other terminal of the holding coil 5 is grounded to ground through a shunt coil 27c. The first fixed contact 17a is connected directly with the battery 31, whereas the second fixed contact 17b is connected like the one terminal of the attracting coil 6 to the coil 27a. Coil 27a is electrically connected with the other terminal 6a of the attracting coil 6, as shown in Figure 2, by connecting the other terminal 6a of the attracting coil 6 with the head 20a of the first bolt 20, the first bolt 20 and the second fixed contact 17b through a metal plate 32, and by connecting the coil 27a of the starter motor 27 with the second fixed contact 17b, as shown in Figure 6. With a second bolt 20″, moreover, there are connected one terminal 5a of the holding coil 5 and one terminal of the attracting coil 6. By connecting the battery 31 with that second bolt 20″ through the key switch 30, as shown in Figure 6, the second bolt 20″ for fixing the switch cover 16 also acts as the terminal like the first bolt for supplying the electric power to the holding coil 5 and the attracting coil 6. The other terminal of the holding coil 5 is connected with a third bolt 20′ through which a lead wire is connected with the shunt coil 27c. Bolts 20′ and 20″ also have their heads (although not shown) disposed in the space F to fix the switch cover 16. Incidentally, the bolts 20′ and 20″ are not formed in their outer circumferences with air passages for providing communication between the outside and the switch housing. The operations of the magnet starter switch will now be described. When key switch 30 is closed, current flows from the battery 31 via the second bolt 20″ to the holding coil 5 and the attracting coil 6 to attract the plunger 11. At this time, the current having passed through the holding coil 5 flows through the shunt coil 27c via the third bolt 20′. As the plunger 11 moves, the pinion 28 comes into meshing engagement with the ring gear 29 through the lever 26. The movable contact 13 comes into abutment against the first and second fixed contacts 17a and 17b to feed the starter motor 27 with the current of the battery 31 so that the armature 27b and accordingly the pinion 28 rotates to start the internal combustion engine. Since, at this time, the second fixed contact 17b and the first bolt 20 are connected, the two terminals of the attracting coil 6 are at the same potential and there is no current flowing therebetween. The invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 and 7. A contact chamber A in the switch cover 16 communicates with the plunger chamber C via the gap B which is formed between the plunger rod 11a and the cylindrical portion 8b of the stationary core 8. This plunger chamber C in turn communicates with the space F between the first and second cylindrical portions 4d and 4e through the gap E₁ between the inner circumference 2c of the flange portion 2b of the switch housing 2 and the sleeve 7, the gap E2 (as better seen from Figures 4 and 5) between the first groove 4f of the bobbin 4 and the sleeve 7, and the gap E3 between the second groove 4g of the bobbin 4 and the flange portion 7a of the sleeve 7. Space F in turn communicates with a coil chamber D2 through a gap D1 between the second cylindrical portion 4e of the bobbin 4 and the bush 23. The space F further communicates with the outside through the first, second, and third air passages G₁, G₂, and G₃. The third air passage G₃ is directed downward when the starter is mounted. At this time, the first groove 4f of the bobbin 4 is arranged upward (i.e., in the opposite direction) with respect to the air passage G. With this structure thus far described, when the plunger 11 is attracted in the operation of the magnet switch 1, the air in the contact chamber A and the plunger chamber C is compressed so that the compressed air is released through the passages B, C, D, E, F, and G to the outside. This compression of air prevents the plunger boot 24 and the packing 19 from coming out. Since, on the other hand, the air heated to have an increased pressure by the coil 3 is also released from the passages F and G, the aforementioned seals or the like are prevented from coming out. When the magnet switch 1 is turned off to return the plunger 11, on the contrary, the ambient air passes through the passage G into the magnet switch 1. However, the passage to the contact chamber A is long enough to include the passages F and E, the plunger chamber C and the passage B so that the water content or dust in the ambient air can be blocked from flowing; into the chamber containing the switch contacts. Even if water should enter from the passage G, it would hardly flow into the plunger chamber C through the passage E and not into the contact chamber A because it is upwardly apart from the passage G. Furthermore, the air passage G between the space F and the outside can be formed with remarkable ease by fixing the switch cover 16 on the housing 2 and by making use of the insertion hole of the bolt 20 for connecting the attracting coil 6 and the coil 27a of the starter motor 27. When the plunger 11 moves toward the fixed contacts 17a and 17b, air compressed within the plunger chamber C as a result of movement of the plunger 11 flows into the outside of the magnet switch 1 through the gap between the sleeve 7 and the plunger 11, and the space within the plunger boot 24. Then the movable contact 13 comes into abutment against the first and second fixed contacts 17a and 17b, the volume of the plunger boot 24 and the plunger chamber C becomes smallest, as shown in Figure 8 (the invention) and Figure 9 (prior art). In the prior art as shown in Figure 9, the distance between the plunger chamber C and the outside of the magnet switch 1 is short and the volume of the plunger boot 24 is small. Accordingly, upon the plunger's return stroke, water in the outside of the magnet switch 1 may enter directly into the plunger chamber C through the short distance. Since the contact chamber A communicates with the plunger chamber C, water having entered the plunger chamber C moves easily into the contact chamber C. Similarly, dust can easily enter the conduct chamber. As shown in Figure 8, the passage between the contact chamber A and the outside of the magnet switch 1 is elongated with respect to the prior art by making use of the long passage between the inner circumference of a bobbin 4 and a sleeve 7, and the coil chamber D. Since the outside communicates with the long passage through the coil chamber D and the long passage prevents a high flow resistance to the air, air carrying dust and water droplets is substantially prevented from entering the plunger chamber through the long passage. While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: A magnetic switch particularly useful for shifting a pinion of a starter motor toward a ring gear of an internal combustion engine, and for supplying current from a battery to said starter motor, consisting of a coil unit (3) in a switch housing (2), wherein said coil unit (3) is provided with a bobbin (4) within said switch housing (2), with a solenoid coil being wound on said bobbin (4), a coil chamber (D) which is formed between said coil unit (3) and said switch housing (2), wherein said switch housing (2) comprises an axial bore-hole, in which a plunger (11) is arranged so as to be axially movable, which plunger (11) is mechanically connected via a plunger rod (11a) with a movable contact (13) located in a closed contact chamber (A) formed by a switch cover (16), wherein said contact chamber (A) communicates with the surrounding atmosphere by a venting path, the outlet whereof is located on the switch cover (16), and a fixed contact (17) which is provided on said switch cover (16) for supplying electrical power to said starter motor from said battery when said movable contact (13) closes said fixed contact (17), characterized in that said plunger (11) is enclosed and guided in a plunger chamber (C), and a stationary core (8) is arranged adjacent to said contact chamber (A) for guiding said plunger rod (11a), with said plunger chamber (C) being connected with said contact chamber (A) via a first gap (B) between said plunger rod (11a) and said stationary core (8), that inside said switch housing (2) an air-filled coil chamber (D) is formed which is connected with said plunger chamber (C) via a second gap (E1, E2, E3) and that, proceeding from the air-filled coil chamber (D), a third gap (G2, G1, G3) constitutes a connection with the surrounding atmosphere. A magnet switch according to claim 1, wherein the elements thereof are arranged such that said third passage (G3) is directed downwardly. A magnet switch according to claim 2, wherein the elements thereof are arranged such that said second passage (G2) is directed upward with respect to said third passage (G3). A magnet switch according to claim 1, wherein said means for defining said third passage (G3) is a gap between a hole through said switch cover (16) and a fixed element passing through said hole that fastens said switch cover ( 16) to said switch housing (2). A magnet switch according to claim 4, wherein said fixed element comprises a bolt (20) and a nut (21), said bolt (20) having a head portion (20a) inserted within said switch housing (2) and a threaded portion projecting (20b) to the outside of said switch cover (16), said nut (21) being fixed to said threaded portion (20) through a washer (22). A magnet switch according to claim 5, wherein one end of said solenoid coil is connected to said head portion (20a) of said bolt (20). A magnet switch according to claim 5, wherein said switch cover (16) has a groove (16d) on an outer surface of said switch cover (16), said groove (16d) having one end communicating with said gap and the other end extending radially outwardly from said washer (22). A magnet switch according to claim 5, wherein said bobbin (4) has a first (4d) and a second (4e) cylindrical portion at inner and outer circumferences, respectively of said end face of said bobbin (4) so that said head portion (20a) of said bolt (20) inserts into a space (F) defined by said first (4d) and second (4e) cylindrical portions. A magnet switch according to claim 3, wherein said second passage (G2) is defined by an outer surface of said sleeve (7) and a surface of a first groove (4f) formed axially on an inner surface of said cylindrical portion of said bobbin (4). A magnet switch according to claim 8, wherein said second passage (G2) is formed between said sleeve (7) and a first groove (4f) formed axially on an inner surface of said cylindrical portion (4a) of said bobbin. A magnet switch according to claim 10, wherein said bobbin (4) has a second groove (4e) on said first cylindrical portion (4d) of said bobbin (4) communicating between said first groove (4f) and said space (F). A magnet switch according to claim 1, further comprising an annular stationary core (8) fixed at an end of said switch housing (2) so that said bobbin (4) is held between said stationary core (8) and a flange portion (2b) formed at the other end of said switch housing (2). A magnet switch according to claim 12, wherein said first passage (G1) is a gap formed between an inner surface of said stationary core (8) and an outer surface of a plunger rod (11a) of said plunger (11). A magnet switch according to claim 12, wherein said sleeve (7) has a flange portion (7a) fixed between said end face and said stationary core (8). A magnet switch according to claim 12, further comprising: a second housing (25) for securing said switch housing (2); and an annular plunger boot (24) having an inner part connected to said plunger (11), and an outer part fixed between said second housing (25) and said switch housing (2).

Inventors: IIDA ATSUOMI, KAJINO SADAYOSI, IIDA, ATSUOMI, KAJINO, SADAYOSI
Applicants: NIPPON DENSO CO, NIPPONDENSO CO., LTD.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: H01H51
IPC codes: H01H9, F02N11, H01H51