TRANSPORTING SYSTEM FOR REFRIGERATED MERCHANDISE

Abstract: A system for transporting refrigerated or frozen merchandise uses two principal types of containers (8,9) for storing the merchandise. Both types of container cool the merchandise by the flow of cold air through a pathway (43) inside the container (8,9). One type of container (8) has its own refrigerating unit (46,51,53) for the air, which operates when the container is in the warehouse, and cools the merchandise during transportation by connecting a refrigerating unit (13), carried and powered by the truck (11), into the air pathway (43).

Description: The invention relates to a transporting system for carrying refrigerated and/or frozen merchandise. Generally, merchandise e.g. parcels and packages are transported from one place to another by a vehicle or general transporting apparatus after having been gathered at some base station. Refrigerated or frozen merchandise must be transported in a container with a refrigerating apparatus, and stored in a warehouse which has a refrigerating apparatus to maintain the condition of merchandise during holding. Merchandise which has already been delivered to its destination, but still awaits final delivery should also be stored in a warehouse which has a refrigerating appartus. Known systems for transporting the refrigerated or frozen mechandise require special warehouses with refrigerating apparatuses, and vehicles with containers for refrigerating or freezing the merchandise. Thus, the cost of a transporting system for refrigerated merchandise will be considerably higher than the cost for a normal system. In recent times, this problem has become relevant to a transporting system which handles personal parcels or small packages to be delivered to people's homes or offices. If this system handles refrigerated or frozen merchandise, each agent shop or area center of the system, should have a small warehouse with a refrigerating apparatus or refrigerator to store the refrigerated or frozen merchandise. The refrigerating apparatuses for warehouses or containers in vehicles are specially designed for their respective uses. Thus, the refrigerating apparatus for a warehouse could not be replaced with the refrigerating apparatus for the container in a vehicle. This is because the refrigerating apparatus for a warehouse is normally powered from commercial electric power sources, whereas refrigerating apparatus in the container of a vehicle is powered from a storage battery carried on the vehicle. The present invention seeks to provide a transporting system for refrigerated or frozen merchandise which does not require such special warehouse and containers with refrigerating apparatuses. According to the present invention there is provided a transporting system for refrigeratged or frozen merchandise comprising a container which is able to store the merchandise and may be loaded and unloaded onto the transporting means, a first refrigerating unit for refrigerating an interior space of the container while the container is in a warehouse, and a second refrigerating unit for refrigerating the interior space of the container while the container is carried on the transporting means. The container may have its own refrigerating means, which is preferably powered from the commercial power source, in the warehouse. Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a diagram outlining a transportation system to which the present invention may be applied; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a refrigerating appartus utilized in a distribution car of the transporting system in Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4 are perspective views of a first and second type refrigerating container used in a transporting system according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a cutaway perspective view of containers in a vehicle; Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the container shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the container shown in Fig. 6 connected to a refrigerating unit; Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a third type of container; Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth type of container; Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the container of Fig. 8 connected to a refrigeration unit; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the container shown in Fig. 10 illustrating the flow of air; Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth type of container connected to a refrigerating unit; and Fig. 13 is a partly cross-sectional view illustrating a second type of refrigerating unit. In Fig. 1. a transporting system of the type to which the present invention may be applied is shown. In this system, refrigerated or frozen merchandise are gathered at e.g. agent shop 3 from homes 1 or offices 2. This merchandise, which should be maintained at a predetermined termperature, is loaded onto a distributing car 4 together with other normal parcels and packages for transportation to a transit station 7. The distributing car 4 has a refrigerating box 6, shown in Fig. 2, for storing the refrigerated or frozen merchandise and the apparatus for refrigerating the box 6 is powered by the engine of the distributing car 4. The refrigerated or frozen merchandise, which is gathered at the transit station 7, is loaded into containers 8,9 which are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Containers 8,9 are provided with refrigerating units (not shown in Figs. 2 to 5) which are powered by a commercial electric power source and which refrigerate the containers 8,9 while they are at transit station 7. Other parcels and packages are loaded into other containers. Refrigerated containers 8,9 together with the other containers are shipped onto transporting truck 11. Transporting truck 11 is provided with a second refrigerating unit 13, which may be connected to container 8 (shown in Fig. 3), so that refrigeration of the container continues during transportation in the truck 11. Another type of container 9, shown in Fig. 4, is provided with a cool storage device, and therefore, this type of container is continuously refrigerated while carried on the transport truck 11. Containers gathered from several transit stations 7 are stored at a base station 12. When truck 11 arrives at base station 12, all the containers are unloaded and sorted according to the area of their final delivering place. While at the base station 12, the refrigerated containers 8,9 are once again refrigerated by their refrigerating units powered by a commercial power source. The assorted containers are then carried on another transport truck 11 to be transported to another base station 17. While being transported on the truck 11, the containers 8,9 are refrigerated in the same manner as described previously. After arrival at base station 17, the containers are transferred to another transporting truck 11 for delivery to transit station 19. The frozen merchandise, parcels and packages are transferred to distributing car 4 from their respective containers, and in paraticular, the refrigerated or frozen merchandise is transferred to refrigerating box 6 from refrigerant container 8,9. Thus, merchandise, parcels and packages are delivered to a designated home 22 or office 23, respectively. The refrigerated containers 8,9 and mechanism used to refrigerate them will now be described in more detail. Figs. 6 and 7, show refrigerating container 8 and refrigerating unit 13 which are used in the transporting system described above. Container 8 has an interior space 49 defined by a plurality of panels 41. Interior space is accessible via a hinged door 42 which enables loading of the merchandise. Air passageway 43 lies in the interior space 49 along the inside installation panels 41. An evaporator 46 and blower fan 44 are disposed midway along the passageway 43 for cooling the air. An air suction opening 47 and an air discharge opening 48 in the passageway 43 faces the interior space 49 of container 8. Thus, the air in the interior space 49 circulates by operation of blower fan 44 and is refrigerated by evaporator 46. The evaporator 46 is interconnected with a compressor 52 and a condenser 51 both of which lie in a mechanical chamber in the lower part of container 8 and comprise the refrigerating unit for container 8. A blower fan 53 disposed in the mechanical chamber cools the refrigerating unit. Both compressor and blower fan 53 are powered by a commercial power source and have their operation controlled by a mechanism which detects a signal from a thermistor 55. Thus the interior space 49 of container 8 is refrigerated. Fig. 8 shows a container which has a shelf 50 with a plurality of holes 50a; the shelf divides the container horizontally into two spaces 49a;49b. Upper space 49a lies adjacent the cold air opening 48 from which refrigerated air is discharged and so the upper space 49a may be maintained at a lower temperature than lower space 49b. Air circulation is ensured within the interior space 49 of container by the holes 50a, however, lower space 49b will inevitably be warmer than upper space 49a. This enables different types of refrigerated or frozen merchandise which should be stored under the different temperature to be stored in the same container. A connecting opening 56 on rear and upper side portion of container 8 opens midway along passageway 43. This connecting opening 56 is normally closed by hinged door element 57. The contact surface between door element 57 and opening 56 is sealed by seal element 59 to prevent heat loss. A movable plate 60 is disposed adjacent the opening 56. Wheels 54 are attached to a lower surface of container 8, to enable easy movement. When the container is in the truck 11 it is cooled by a second refrigerating unit 13 disposed in the truck 11, which, as shown in Fig. 5, has a casing with an L-shaped cross-section. The inner space of casing 61 is divided by partition plate 63 into a one-way air passage 62, so that air introduced into the passage 62 at one opening discharge from the other opening after having passed through the interior space of casing 61. Evaporator 64 and blower fan 66 are disposed midway along passage 62, and therefore, the air introduced into passage 62 due to operation of blower fan 66 is cooled and discharged. In this embodiment, evaporator 64 is connected with compressor 72 which is driven by the engine of truck 11 and condenser 73 disposed on lower portion of the truck 11, as shown in Fig. 5. When the container 8 is carried on the truck 11, the container 8 is connected to the second refrigerating unit 13. If the openings of the container and second refrigerating unit 13 are connected to one another, as shown in Fig. 7, the interior space 49 of container 8 is connected with second refrigerating unit 13. In this condition, movable plate 60 moved into contact with partition wall 63 of second refrigerating unit 13; the air passageway 43 is then connected to passage 62 of refrigerating unit 13 and a one-way passage for air in the container is defined. The interior space 49 of container is therefore refrigerated by the second refrigerating unit 13 while carried on truck 11. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the evaporator 46 of refrigerating unit for container 8 is positioned at the rear end surface of container 8. The evaporator 46 may alternatively be disposed on upper portion of the interior space 49. This is shown clearly in Figs. 9 and 10, where the evaporator 46 is disposed on upper portion of interior space 49 and an air communication way with second refrigerating unit 13 is clearly defined by separating plate 82. With this structure, the connecting opening 56 of container 8 is divided into two parts 56a,56b each of which is normally closed by dumper elements 86,87. When in operation, if container 8 is placed on a transit or base station, the refrigerating unit is operated by the commercial power source, and connecting openings 56a,56b are closed by dumper elements 86,87. Consequently the air in container 8 is forced to circulate by blower fan 44 and is passed through evaporator 46 (the flow way of air is indicated by a black arrow in Fig. 11) in order to refrigerate the interior space 49 of container 8. If, however, container 8 is carried on truck 11, the container 8 is connected to the second refrigerating unit 13. In this mode, one dumper element 87 opens the connecting opening 56b and closes the path to evaporator 46; the other dumper element 86 opens the connecting opening 56a. Thus, air passageway 43 communicates with the second refrigerating unit 13 and, air circulates by operation of blower fan 66. The air in interior space 49 is passed through evaporator 64 of the second refrigerating unit 13 and then returned to the space 49 (the air flow way is indicated by arrow in Fig. 11), to refrigerate interior space 49. In the above explained embodiments, the container is provided with a refrigerating apparatus for refrigerating the container while the container is at the base. However, if a refrigerating apparatus 60′, having the same construction as second refrigerating unit 13 is set up in each of the bases, the refrigerating unit for container 8 may be removed. Thus the container 8 shown in Figs. 12 and 13 has an interior space 49′ a connecting opening 56′ which is closed by hinged door 57′ and a separating plate 81 and movable plate 60′ which cooperates with portion plate 63′ to define an air passageway when the container is connected to refrigerating unit 60′. Thus, while the container 8′ is connected to refrigerating unit 60′, the interior space 49′ of container 8′ is continuously refrigerated in the same manner as explained in Figs. 6 and 7. The connecting structure between container 8′ and refrigerating unit may be modified as shown in Fig. 13. That is to say container 8″ has an air passageway 43′ defined by separation plate 42 which is formed on connecting opening 56′′ at the rear corner of the container 8′′ to communicate with opening of refrigerating unit 67′′, 68′′. The air passageway to circulate through the evaporator 64″ of refrigerating unit 60′′ is defined by separation plate 81, movable plate 60′′ and partition plate 63′′ of refrigerating unit 60′′.

Claims: 1. A system for use in transporting refrigerated merchandise by transporting means from a station (7,12,17,19) to another station (7,12,17,19) the transporting system comprising a container (8,9) for the merchandise, a first refrigerating unit (44,46,51,52, 53,60′) for refrigerating an interior space (49) of said container (8,9) while said container (8,9) is in a station (7,12,17,19), and a second refrigerating unit (13,15) for refrigerating the interior space (49) of said container (8,9) while said container is being transported by the transporting means (11). 2. The transporting system of claim 1 including a said transporting means and wherein said second refrigerating unit is provided on the transporting means. 3. The transporting system of claim 2 wherein said second refrigerating unit is operated by a driving power source of the transporting means. 4. The transporting system of any preceding claim wherein said first refrigerating unit is disposed on said container. 5. The transporting system of claim 1,2 or 3 wherein said first refrigerating unit is provided at the station. 6. The transporting system of claim 5 wherein the first refrigerating unit is provided with an air passageway for receiving air from the interior space of the container and returning the air to the container after refrigeration. 7. The transporting system of claim 4 or 5 wherein said first refrigerating unit is adapted to b operated by a commercial electric power source. 8. The transporting system of any preceding claim wherein said second refrigerating unit includes a cold storage device which is adapted to be coupled to the first refrigerating unit to be cooled thereby to provide a heat sink to enable the refrigerating action of said second unit. 9. A transporting system according to claim 1 wherein the container has a fluid pathway, the refrigerating units are operable to produce refrigerated fluid, and each refrigerated unit is operably connectable to the fluid pathway. 10. A transporting system according to claim 4 wherein the container has a fluid pathway and the second refrigerating unit is operable to produce refrigerated fluid; said second unit being located at a station or on the transporting means, and being operably connectable to the fluid pathway.

Inventors: IKEDA, SUSUMU, MATSUBAYASHI, SHINJI, NEGISHI, KOZABURO, SAKANO, RIICHI, SUNAGA, MAMORU
Applicants: SANDEN CORPORATION
Application year: 1988
Main classification: F25D19
IPC codes: F25D17, F25D19, F25D11