Method of recording and playing back instruction data in a robot

Abstract: A method of recording and playing back instruction data in a robot of so-called teaching and playback type teaches the robot by moving a machine body including arms or/and axes of the robot to sample its locus every predetermined time. Only data of positions of each of the arms or/and axes changed more than a significant difference from positions of which data have been stored at the last time are recorded as instruction data and the instruction data are played back as positional data every predetermined time independent of the time required to move the robot in the teaching.

Description: The present invention relates to a system of recording and playing back instruction data in a robot of a teaching and playback type. Conventional recording methods of instruction data in a robot of the teaching and playback type involve a PTP (point-to-point) method in which only positional data of main several points on a moving locus of the robot are stored as the instruction data and a CP (continuous path) method in which a machine body of the robot including an arm and the like is directly moved by an operator and its moving locus is continuously recorded as the instruction data. In the latter method, when the moving locus is stored as the instruction data, the locus is sampled every predetermined time (every recording period of the instruction data) to record the positional data thereof and further the start and the stop of recording the data are made by operation of a switch. With the CP method, it is effective to teach a minute moving locus of the machine body of the robot, while the automatic recording of the instruction data every recording period of the instruction data and the direct movement of the machine body of the robot by the operator cause problems as follows: (1) When the teaching operation is temporarily interrupted, it is necessary to operate a switch for stopping the recording after the robot has become stationary and it is also necessary to operate the switch when the recording is resumed. Thereafter, the robot is moved again. In the case as shown in Fig. 5, the robot is rested at the same position from time 5t to 13t, that is, from positional data P₅ to P₁₀ and further the recording of the positional data is stopped. Accordingly, the switch operation for stopping and resuming the recording becomes troublesome and memory space is excessively used by useless steps P₅ to P₉ before and after the time when the recording switch is turned off. In addition, occurrence of the unnecessary stationary state of the robot makes the cycle time of the robot unnecessarily longer. Fig. 6 shows the operating state of the robot. T is a period of producing an operation command. (2) The recording operation of functional data for control of a tool mounted to a hand of the robobt and interlocking operation with the outside necessary for the playback operation of the robot is made while reproducing the position after recording only the positional data so that unnecessary steps are not recorded. Accordingly, the teaching operation is made twice from the beginning of a program and hence takes time. From GB-A-1511168 a robot apparatus is known where position data are stored in a program store which data are associated with the individual axes of movement after a certain section of path has been covered. Recording is done herewith at a neutral speed. If, at the other hand storage of the position data of the path to be programmed takes place not according to constant path sections but to constant time intervals the recording takes place at a variable speed. Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems (1) and (2) and an object of the present invention is to provide a system of recording and playing back instruction data in a robot in which effective use of a limited memory capacity and shortening of cycle time are attained without useless steps in the CP method. In order to achieve the above object, a system of recording and playing back instruction data in a robot is devised in which a machine body including a plurality of arms or/and axes is moved and a locus teaching means (7 to 12; 4, 5, 6) serves to sample a moving locus of a tool (16) at predetermined intervals to effect teaching and in which such gathered instruction data are played back as positional data by means of controllers (21 to 25; 17, 18, 19, 20) at predetermined time independent of the time required to move the machine body upon teaching, said system further comprising control means (CPU-1) and memory means (2) and said locus teaching means comprising a position transducer (6) and a register (4) for latching positional data from said transducer, said latched data being stored in said memory means (2) under control of said control means (CPU-1) a) when a record switch (14) for recording data into said memory means (2) is turned on from off state thereof, and b) when the data latched in the register (4) of at least one of said axes is changed more than a predetermined constant ΔL from the data stored in said memory means (2) at the last time in the on state of said record switch (14); and said tool (16) being turned on in the play back mode c) when a tool control switch (15) is on, and d) when the data as defined in condition b) is larger than said constant ΔL with said state also being recorded in said memory means (2) at the same time as the positional data. In operation of the present invention, only data of a position or positions of each of the arms or/and axes moved more than the predetermined significant difference from positions of which data have been stored already are recorded as instruction data and the instruction data are played back every predetermined time. Accordingly, when the robot is at a standstill, the recording of the instruction data is not effected. As described above, when the teaching of the locus is made by the system according to the present invention, an operation program can be prepared by a limited memory capacity effectively and further the cycle time can be shortened. The teaching operation can be simplified and in addition the playback locus can not be influenced by temporary interruption of the teaching operation. Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration for teaching a locus to a robot of six axes control type according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration for driving the robot of six axes control type according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a locus of an axis and positional data stored in a memory by the teaching method of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a locus of an axis of a robot when instruction data stored by the teaching method shown in Fig. 3 is played back; Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating a locus of an axis and positional data stored in a memory of a robot in a prior art; and Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a locus of an axis of a robot in the case where the instruction data stored in the memory as shown in Fig. 5 is played back. An embodiment of the present invention is now described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4. Figs. 1 and 2 show circuit configurations for teaching a locus to a robot of six axes control type and controlling operation of the robot. In Fig. 1, when an operator moves an arm or part of a machine body of a robot to teach its locus to the robot, positional pulses are produced from a position transducer 6 mounted to each axis of the robot. The pulses are counted by a counter 5 and latched by a register 4 as pulse data every recording period t of instruction data. A locus teaching circuit 7 having such function as described above is also provided in other five axes as locus teaching circuits 8 to 12 similarly. The pulse data latched in the register 4 is stored in a memory 2 under predetermined conditions by a central processing unit (CPU) 1 which controls the robot. The predetermined conditions are defined as follows. (1) when a record switch 14 for recording data into the memory 2 is turned on from off state thereof; and (2) when the data latched in the register 4 of at least any one of six axes is changed more than a predetermined constant Δ L from the data stored in the memory 2 at the last time in the on state of the record switch 14. A tool 16, for example a spray gun, attached to a tip of a wrist axis of the robot is turned on when a control switch 15 for the tool is on and the data of the register 4 defined in the above condition (2) is larger than the constant Δ L. This state is also recorded in the memory 2 at the same time as the positional data. In Fig. 1, numeral 3 denotes a data bus and numeral 13 denotes an input/output (I/O) interface. Fig. 2 shows a circuit configuration for controlling operation of the robot. The CPU 1 serves to supply a speed command to a speed setting unit 17 of each axis every output period T of an operation command on the basis of the positional data stored already in the memory 2 to operate a motor 19 through a servo circuit 18 so that playback of the robot is made. Numeral 20 denotes a speed detector and controllers 21 to 26 are provided for each axis, respectively. In addition, the tool 16 is controlled to be turned on and off on the basis of functional data recorded at the same time as the positional data. Thus, the recording of the instruction data as shown in Fig. 3 is made only when the record switch is turned on from the off state thereof or only when the data latched in the register 4 is changed more than the constant Δ L from the data stored in the memory 2 at the last time. Accordingly, the storing of data into the memory 2 and the recording of operation of the tool 16 into the memory 2 are not performed from the time 5t to 13t, that is, from when the robot stands still to when the robot is moved again. More particularly, a difference Δ P between the positional data stored in the memory 2 at the last time and the data latched in the register 4 is compared with the predetermined constant Δ L and if Δ P > Δ L in at least any one of six axes, data Pi in the register 4 is stored in the memory 2. Δ L is the constant having a minute value for neglecting small swinging or deflection of a value of the position transducer 6 and small movement of the robot which is rested by the operator (from 5t to 13t of Fig. 3) and is regarded as zero within a significant error range, for example. Fig. 4 illustrates the playback of the operation program. As shown in Fig. 4, the operation or movement does not contain any useless step. Further, when an operation program for resting the robot at a certain position is taught to the robot, the record data is turned on and off N times so that the same positional data is recorded in N steps, and the robot is temporarily rested during the time N x T in the playback. Furthermore, in the recording of the instruction data, the robot is moved at equal intervals and the record switch 14 is turned on and off so that positional data is recorded point by point. Thus, an operation program for playing back the positional data to move the robot at equal speed can be also obtained by the position teaching method of the CP method. In addition, useless consumption of material such as, for example, paint and sealant consumed by the tool 16 can be reduced by turning off the tool 16 in response to the interruption of the recording as shown in Fig. 3.

Claims: A system of recording and playing back instruction data in a robot in which a machine body including a plurality of arms and/or axes is moved and a locus teaching means (7 to 12; 4,5,6) serves to sample a moving locus of a tool (16) at predetermined time intervals to effect teaching and in which such gathered instruction data are played back as positional data by means of controllers (21 to 25; 17, 18, 19, 20) at predetermined time independent of the time required to move the machine body upon teaching, said system further comprising control means (CPU-1) and memory means (2) and said locus teaching means comprising a position transducer (6) and a register (4) for latching positional data from said transducer, said latched data being stored in said memory means (2) under control of said control means (CPU-1) a) when a record switch (14) for recording data into said memory means (2) is turned on from off state thereof, and b) when the data latched in the register (4) of at least one of said axes is changed more than a predetermined constant Δ L from the data stored in said memory means (2) at the last time in the on state of said record switch (14); and said tool (16) being turned on in the play back mode c) when a tool control switch (15) is on, and d) when the data as defined in condition b) is larger than said constant Δ L with said state also being recorded in said memory means (2) at the same time as the positional data.

Inventors: KIMURA YUTAKA NAGOYA MACHINERY, OKUMURA HIROSHI NAGOYA MACHINE, KIMURA, YUTAKA NAGOYA MACHINERY WORKS MITSUBISHI, OKUMURA, HIROSHI NAGOYA MACHINERY WORKS MITSUBISHI
Applicants: MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD, MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1988
Main classification: G05B19
IPC codes: B25J9, G05B19