TWO-SPEED ALTERNATOR DRIVE

Abstract: A two-speed gear box (10) adapted to be mounted on the face of an automobile accessory (11), such as an automotive alternator to increase the speed of the alternator on demand. The gear box includes input and output shafts (17,42) operatively connected by a planetary gear arrangement having first and second sun gears (28,41) and a planet carrier (29) for pairs of first and second planet gears (38,39), a band brake (47) releasably applied to the planet carrier (29) and a one-way clutch (48) between the shafts to allow faster rotation of the output shaft (42) relative to the input shaft (17). The planetary arrangement does not have a ring gear engaging the planet gears.

Description: In the design of automobile alternators, several factors must be considered. In general, there must be a compromise between acceptable speeds for the alternator and the desired output. Tests show that the alternator output current drops drastically when the alternator speed falls below 3,000 rpm. On the other hand, the alternator output current rises only slightly when the alternator speed exceeds 10,000 rpm. Under ideal conditions, the alternator would operate at a continual speed change dependent on the required alternator output. Present alternator operation is accomplished by standard fixed belt pulley ratios from the crankshaft of the engine to the alternator input pulley, thus alternator speed changes with engine speed. This ratio is determined by the required minimum alternator output current and the minimum engine idle speed. While this method may work well at lower engine speeds, higher engine speeds cause excessive alternator speeds; consequently, alternator design becomes very difficult. Predicted future trends show that alternator loads will increase dramatically and, in some instances, this is already a problem. Possible solutions to this problem are: (1) Increase the pulley ratio. Although this would work well for lower speeds, high engine speeds would cause alternator overspeed. (2) Increase the engine idle speed. This would adversely affect the vehicle's drivability and fuel economy. (3) Add another alternator. This solution would be costly, would have a negative impact on the engine's performance, and would be very difficult to package. (4) Develop a multi-speed alternator drive unit. Constant speed drives tend to be bulky and expensive, however, a two-speed drive unit could be developed that would be cost effective and easily packaged. The present invention relates to a two-speed alternator drive unit to address this problem. The present invention relates to a two-speed gear box adapted to be mounted on the face of an automotive alternator to increase the speed of the alternator on demand. The alternator drive uses a compact gear train and clutch assembly mounted onto the face of the alternator to achieve the dual-speed operation. The engaged mode, for example a two-to-one internal gear ratio, is utilised to achieve the required alternator speed at low engine speeds. The device then shifts to the disengaged mode at a predetermined engine speed, which results in a direct drive of a one-to-one internal ratio; thus preventing excessive alternator speeds at high engine speeds. The end result is a drive that provides the automobile with the required output current at low engine speeds, but does not cause alternator over-speed at high engine speeds. WO 85/01335 discloses, inter alia, a two-speed gear box in accordance with the prior art portion of claim 1. This prior proposal utilises a specially controlled friction coupling for ensuring simultaneous rotation of the input and output shafts. As compared therewith, the present invention provides automatic coupling without need for a separate clutch drive to be provided. The present invention, as defined in claim 1, utilises a one way clutch providing a positive direct connection between the input and output shafts whenever the planetary gear train is not operating assisting in the provision of a compact arrangement which can be mounted on the face of the accessory. While US-A-4 412 460 discloses the use of a one way coupling in an accessory drive, utilising a planetary gear train, the gear train itself utilises an outer annular gear with the result of increased bearing loads as compared with the gear box of the present invention. When the brake band is disengaged, the one-way clutch drives the output shaft at the same speed as the input shaft; the one-way clutch allowing the output shaft to overspeed the input shaft when the brake band engages the planet carrier. The operation of the gear train only in engaged mode ensures minimal mechanical losses. A vacuum or other suitably actuated clutch assembly adds negligible electrical and no mechanical loads to the engine, and engine drag due to alternator inertia may be decreased by using a smaller alternator with this device. Also, low bearing and gear speeds of the device provide for quiet, durable operation. Control of the alternator drive could be provided by the vehicle engine control module with a user-tailored control strategy. Further objects are to provide a construction of maximum simplicity, efficiency, economy and ease of assembly and operation, and such further objects, advantages and capabilities as will later more fully appear and are inherently possessed thereby. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view through a two-speed alternator drive of the present invention mounted on the end of an automobile alternator. Figure 2 is a schematic showing of another possible location of the one-way clutch and brake band to maintain the original function of the invention but it is not included in present invention. Figures 3 and 4 disclose schematic showings of reaction loads on the bearings for the planetary gears for a planetary arrangement with and without a ring gear. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative arrangement of the two-speed drive of the present invention. Referring more particularly to the disclosure in the drawings wherein are shown illustrative embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 discloses a two-speed gear box 10 that is appropriately mounted onto the end of an accessory 11, such as an alternator for an automotive vehicle engine. This gear box is mounted on the face of an alternator to control the alternator speeds between 3,000 and 15,000 rpm. The gear box consists of a housing 12 which may be suitably formed of two parts to allow ease of assembly and accessability, the two parts having several lugs or ears 13 with aligned passages to receive mounting bolts 14 to secure the housing to the accessory. The forward end of the housing includes a flanged central opening 15 having spaced bearings 16, 16 rotatably receiving an input shaft 17; the shaft having a reduced forward end 18 to receive the hub 19 of a drive pulley 21 for a drive belt 22 from the engine crankshaft (not shown). The drive pulley 21 is connected to rotate with the input shaft end 18 through a splined connection 23, and a nut 24 and washer 25 engage the pulley 19 to mount the hub onto the input shaft; the nut engaging the threaded outer end 26 of the input shaft 17. The inner end of the input shaft 17 terminates in an enlarged sleeve shaft 27 having at its inner end an input sun gear 28. A generally cylindrical planet carrier 29 has a cylindrical hub 31 rotatably mounted on said sleeve shaft 27 through a plurality of needle bearings 32. An outer cylindrical surface 33 is connected to the hub through a radial flange 34, the flange carrying a plurality of carrier shafts 35 for compound planet gears 36; the planet gears being rotatably supported on shafts 35 through needle bearings 37. The compound gearing includes a plurality of first planet gears 38 intermeshing with the input sun gear 28, and a plurality of second planet gears 39 meshing with a second sun gear 41. The first and second planet gears are integral, however, the first planet gears are of a smaller pitch diameter, and thus a smaller number of teeth, than the second planet gears to provide a desired drive ratio. The second or output sun gear 41 is splined to an output shaft 42 which is rotatably mounted in a bearing 43 to project into and drive the accessory, such as an automobile alternator. Suitable sealing means 44 for the input shaft 17 is mounted in the flanged opening 15 between the bearings 16, 16, and suitable sealing means 45 is mounted in a central opening 46 in the housing 12 to sealingly engage the output shaft 42 adjacent the bearing 43. A brake band 47 encompasses the outer cylindrical surface 33 of the planet carrier 29 and is adapted to engage said surface to alter the drive ratio of the gear box. Also, a one-way clutch 48 is positioned between bearings 49, 49 between the sleeve shaft 27 and the inner reduced end 51 of the output shaft 42. Suitable vacuum means (not shown) is utilized to engage or disengage the brake band 47. When the vehicle engine is at idle speed, the speed of the alternator 11 can be increased by applying vacuum to the actuator which engages the brake band 47 with the planet carrier surface 33 stopping the rotation of the planet carrier. The gear train reacts like a parallel countershaft arrangement with the planet carrier 29 being held by the brake band 47. The input sun gear 28 turns clockwise driving the first set of planet gears 38 counterclockwise. The second set of planet gears 39 are connected to the first set of planet gears 38 and turn in the same direction and at the same speed as the first set of planet gears. The second set of planet gears drive the output sun gear 41 clockwise, the same direction as the input sun gear 28. The speed of the output shaft 42 equals the input shaft speed times the gear ratios of the first and second planet gears. When a speed increase is no longer necessary, the vacuum is released and a spring (not shown) disengages the brake band 47 from the planet carrier surface 33. The planet carrier 29 turns clockwise, the same direction as the input shaft 17, and the planet gears 38 and 39 no longer transmit torque to the output sun gear 41. The output shaft 42 slows down until its speed equals that of the input shaft 17. The one-way clutch 48 now drives the output shaft 42 clockwise at the same speed as the input shaft 17. The planet carrier 29 and both sets of planet gears 38, 39 rotate as a solid unit at the same speed as the input shaft 17, so there is no relative motion between the gears. Obviously, the one-way clutch 48 allows the output shaft 42 to overspeed the input shaft 17 when the brake band 47 engages the cylindrical surface 33 of the planet carrier 29. The output shaft speed for this device follows the equation where O S equals the output shaft speed, I S equals the input shaft speed, PD IS is the pitch diameter of the input sun gear, PD PG1 is the pitch diameter of the first set of planet gears, PD PG2 is the pitch diameter of the second set of planet gears, and PD OS is the pitch diameter of the output sun gear. Figure 2 shows an alternative arrangement of this basic gear train concept with another possible location of the one-way clutch (not claimed) and the brake band. As seen, Figure 2 discloses a schematic showing of the gear train arrangement similar to Figure 1 except the input shaft 17 projects into a sleeve shaft 27′ on the inner end of output shaft 42. The unique feature of the present invention is the use of planetary type of gear arrangement with two sun gears, compound planet gears, but no ring gear. This allows several advantages over the standard planetary gears that use a ring gear: 1. Speed increase ratios near one-to-one are possible with this design but ratios less than or equal to two-to-one are not available if a ring gear was used. 2. Planet speeds are lower in this design than standard planetary gears for equal ratios of input to output speeds. 3. The overall package is smaller without the ring gear. 4. Bearing loads on the planet gears are smaller on this design than a planetary with a ring gear because the reaction loads due to gear loads tend to cancel each other instead of adding together as in planetary sets. Considering Figures 3 and 4, Figure 3 illustrates a conventional planetary gear arrangement with a sun gear, ring gear and planetary gears. The bearings for the planet gears, such as bearings 37 shown in Figure 1, have a reaction load (R BRG ) that is equal to the sum of the reaction load on the sun gear (R S ) and the reaction load on the ring gear (R R ). However, as shown in Figure 4, the reaction load on the bearings (R BRG ) is the difference between the reaction load of the second sun gear (R S2 ) and the reaction load of the first sun gear (R S1 ). Thus, in the planetary arrangement of the present invention, the reaction loads of the sun gears tend to cancel each other instead of adding together. The two-speed alternator drive of the present invention is envisioned as being controlled by the engine control module of the vehicle. However, the final control strategy would have to be tailored to the particular application, and the decision to shift into the engaged mode could be based on one or more of the following conditions: 1. An engine speed less than the determined shift speed. 2. A battery discharge rate greater than the determined maximum allowable rate. 3. A throttle position less than the determined maximum throttle position. 4. A time delay greater than the determined time delay before shift. The alternator drive could operate in the engaged mode only when necessary by monitoring the engine speed and the battery discharge rate. By monitoring the throttle position, the operation of the device in its engaged mode could be prevented under heavy engine accelerations. This would minimize any alternator drag on the engine at that time, and the time delay would help prevent unnecessary operating mode changes and prevent the device from operating in the engaged mode during engine start up. Once the device has been engaged, the decision to disengage the device could be based on the following conditions: 1. Engine speed greater than the predetermined shift speed. 2. Throttle position greater than the determined maximum position. 3. If the engine has been shut off resulting in a loss of vacuum. The device could be signaled to a disengaged mode by any of the above conditions to prevent the alternator from being run at excessive speeds. Figure 5 discloses an alternative embodiment of two-gear drive 61 wherein like parts have the same numeral with the addition of a script a. In this version, the accessory drive shaft 42a extends from its housing 11a substantially completely through the gear housing 12a to a point short of the end of sleeve shaft 62. The housing 12a consists of a rear member 63 having fastening lugs 64 to receive bolts 65 securing the member to the accessory drive 11a, a front housing member 66 secured to the rear member by bolts 67 and an intermediate member 68 secured to the front member by bolts 69. The rear member 63 has a central opening 71 receiving the inner axial flange 72 of the intermediate member 68, the flange carrying sealing means 45a for the shaft 42a. Also, the front housing member 66 has a central opening defined by axial flange 73 carrying sealing means 44a and a bearing 16a for the sleeve shaft 62. A pulley 21a for the drive belt 22a to the engine crankshaft (not shown) has a hub 19a secured to the sleeve shaft by suitable means, such as a key and keyway. Between the sleeve shaft 62 and the reduced outer end 51a of shaft 42a are two sets of needle bearings 75, 75 axially separated by a one-way clutch 76. A cap 77 closes the open end of sleeve shaft 62 to retain lubricant in the bearings. The inner end of the sleeve shaft terminates in a first sun gear 28a while a second sun gear 41a is secured for rotation with shaft 42a. A planet carrier 29a includes a cylindrical hub 31a rotatably mounted on the shaft 42a by needle bearings 32a and a cylindrical outer flange or surface 33a connected to the hub by a radial flange 34a carrying a plurality of shafts 35a for compound planet gears 36a rotatably mounted on the shafts by needle bearings 37a. Each compound planet gear 36a includes a first planet gear 38a meshing with sun gear 28a and an integral second planet gear 39a meshing with sun gear 41a; the first planet gear having a smaller pitch diameter relative to the second planet gear. Also, a brake band 47a encompasses the outer surface 33a and is suitably actuated to engage and halt rotation of the carrier. This embodiment operates in substantially the same manner as the embodiment of Figure 1; the one-way clutch 76 being so oriented as to allow the shaft 42a to overrun the sleeve shaft 62.

Claims: 1. A two-speed gear box (10) for driving an accessory (11) to be driven, such as a vehicle alternator, comprising an input shaft (17) operatively connected to a vehicle engine, an output shaft (42) driving the accessory, a planetary gear train operatively connecting the input and output shafts and including a pair of sun gears (28, 41) respectively secured on said shafts and pairs of planet gears (38, 39) engaging the sun gears, and a planet carrier (29) for said planet gears, said planet carrier (29) having a plurality of shafts (35) carrying said pairs of planet gears (38, 39) with said pairs of planet gears (38, 39) being integral but of different pitch diameter, the smaller pitch diameter gears (38) engaging a first sun gear (28) and the larger pitch diameter gears engaging the second sun gear (41), restraining means (47) for selectively restraining said planet carrier against rotation, and coupling means (48) operative when said restraining means (47) is released for causing said input and output shafts to rotate at the same speed, characterised in that said gear box (10) is adapted to be mounted on the face of the accessory and said coupling means comprises a one-way clutch (48) directly connected between said input and output shafts to permit said output shaft automatically to overrun said input shaft upon restraint of said planet carrier causing operation of said planetary gear train but to prevent said input shaft from overrunning said output shaft when said planetary gear train is inoperative. 2. A two-speed gear box as claimed in claim 1, wherein said planet carrier (29) has an inner hub (31) and an outer cylindrical surface (33) cooperating with said restraining means (47). 3. A two-speed gear box as claimed in claim 2, wherein said restraining means is a brake band (47) releasably engaging said cylindrical surface (33), and means to actuate said brake band. 4. A two-speed gear box as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said input shaft (17) terminates in a sleeve shaft (27) portion rotatably receiving an inner end (51) of said output shaft therein (42), and said one-way clutch (48) is positioned between said sleeve shaft portion and output shaft. 5. A two-speed gear box as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said output shaft (42) terminates at its inner end in a sleeve shaft portion (27′) rotatably receiving the inner end of the input shaft (17). 6. A two-speed gear box as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said input shaft is a sleeve shaft (62) encompassing said output shaft (42a), axially spaced bearings (75) being located between said shafts, and said one-way clutch (76) being located between said spaced bearings. 7. A two-speed gear box as claimed in claim 6, wherein said output shaft (42a) extends substantially completely through said gear box (11a) and sleeve shaft (62) said planet carrier (29a) being rotatably mounted on said output shaft (42a).

Inventors: SMITH, FRANKLIN RICHARD
Applicants: BORG-WARNER AUTOMOTIVE, INC.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: F16H3
IPC codes: F16H55, H02K7, F16H3, F02B67