Digital video signal transmission apparatus

Abstract: A digital signal transmission apparatus for transmitting digital video signal and digital audio signal, in which the number of data of an audio synchronizing block containing audio data and synchronizing data is selected equal to the number of data of a video synchronizing block containing video data and synchronizing data, and these data are transmitted on time division basis.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a digital signal transmission apparatus, and more particularly to an apparatus for transmitting digital video signal and digital audio signal. Related Background Art In the field of such transmission apparatus there is known a digital video tape recorder (DVTR) utilizing a magnetic recording-reproducing system as the transmission channel. In the following description such digital video tape recorder will be taken as an example. In the conventional digital video tape recorder, a recording area for the digital video signal (video area) and a recording area for the digital audio signal (audio area) are separately formed on the recording track, and these two signals are recorded and reproduced by separate signal processing circuits. In case of recording audio signal and video signal on a same recording medium, there have generally been conducted separate signal processings for audio and video signals as explained above. For this reason there have been required two series of signal processing circuits, with inevitably increased magnitude of the circuits. Besides, since the amount of audio data is smaller than that of video data, the audio area is designed smaller. Therefore, if the tape is damaged in the longitudinal or transversal direction, the audio data incur severer loss, thus eventually providing sounds of unacceptable quality. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentioned above. Another object of the present invention is to provide a digital data transmission apparatus capable of processing audio data and video data in a common manner as far as possible. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a digital signal transmission apparatus capable of suppressing the deterioration of audio signal and video signal resulting from a failure in the transmission channel. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a digital signal transmitting or recording apparatus comprising first means operable to form video blocks and audio blocks having the same block length as each other, the video blocks containing synchronizing data, digital video data and first error check codes and the audio blocks containing synchronizing data, digital audio data and second error check codes; and second means operable to transmit or operable to record the video blocks and the audio blocks time division multiplexed with each other, the apparatus being characterised in that said digital video data included in each video block corresponds to a plurality of samples in a two-dimensional sample matrix and the ratio of digital video data contained in a video block to the first error check codes contained in a said video block is greater than the ratio of digital audio data contained in an audio block to the second error check codes contained in a said audio block. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of transmitting or recording a digital signal, comprising the steps of (i) forming video blocks and audio blocks having the same block length as each other, the video blocks containing synchronizing data, digital video data and first error check codes and the audio blocks containing synchronizing data, digital audio data and second error check codes, and (ii) transmitting or recording the video blocks and the audio blocks time division multiplexed with each other, the method being characterized in that said digital video data included in each video block corresponds to a plurality of samples in a two-dimensional sample matrix and the ratio of digital video data contained in a video block to the first error check codes contained in a said video block is greater than a ratio of digital audio data contained in an audio block to the second error check codes contained in a said audio block. The foregoing and still other objects of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, will become fully apparent from the following description, which is to be taken in conjunction with the attached drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a digital video tape recorder embodying the present invention; Figs. 2A to 2D are schematic views showing data format of video signal in the recorder shown in Fig. 1; Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic views showing data format of audio signal in the recorder shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a recording format on a magnetic tape for use in the recorder shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a digital video tape recorder constituting another embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing data format of video signal in the recorder shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a digital video tape recorder constituting still another embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing video data to be recorded in the digital video tape recorder shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing audio data to be recorded in the digital video tape recorder shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 10 is a view showing the structure of a video synchronizing block in the recorder shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 11 is a view showing the structure of an audio synchronizing block in the recorder shown in Fig. 7; Figs. 12A and 12B are views showing the recording sequence of synchronizing blocks in the recorder shown in Fig. 7; Figs. 13 and 14 are views showing recording patterns on a recording medium in the recorder shown in Fig. 7; and Fig. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of the synchronizing block replacing circuit shown in Fig. 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Now the present invention will be clarified in detail by embodiments thereof shown in the attached drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a digital video tape recorder (DVTR) embodying the present invention. A video input terminal 10 receives so-called component video signals. A data compression circuit 12 effects subsampling of the luminance signal Y with a rate 2f sc (f sc : subcarrier frequency) and the color signals I, Q with a rate 1/2f sc , and sends the sampled data to a video ECC encoding circuit 14 after elimination of the data of an ineffective image area, wherein the effective image ratio is taken as horizontal/vertical = 0.844/0.914. Audio signal input terminals 16, 18 receive audio signals of two channels, which are sampled at a rate of 48 KHz and digized in 16 bits respectively in A/D converters 20, 22 and are supplied to an audio interleaving circuit 24. Said circuit 24 rearranges the input data and sends said data to an audio encoding circuit 26. The encoding operation of the encoding circuits 14, 26 for video and audio signals is conducted in the following manner. The video luminance signal Y after data reduction can be considered to constitute, as shown in Fig. 2A, a two-dimensional arrangement of 240 bytes in vertical direction and 384 bytes in horizontal direction (i.e. 240 rows and 384 columns) per field, and the color signal I or Q can be considered to constitute, as shown in Fig.2B, a two-dimensional arrangement of 240 bytes in vertical direction and 96 bytes in horizontal direction (i.e. 240 rows and 96 columns) per field. Each data arrangement of said signal Y, I or Q is further divided into 12 portions as illustrated. The video encoding circuit 14 mixes a division of the signals Y, I and Q to obtain a data matrix of 60 bytes in vertical direction and 192 bytes in horizontal direction (60 rows, 192 columns), and at first effects C2 encoding in the vertical direction and adds C2 parity data of 4 bytes, whereby obtained is a two-dimensional data matrix of 64 bytes in vertical direction and 192 bytes in horizontal direction, containing C2 parity data. Then it effects C1 encoding in the horizontal direction on said data matrix and adds C1 parity data of 4 bypes, whereby obtained is a two-dimensional data matrix of 64 bytes in vertical direction and 196 bytes in horizontal direction, including C1 and C2 parity data. These data are supplied in succession, from the uppermost row, to a switch 28. For said C1 and C2 codes there may be employed already known codes such as Reed Solomon code. The audio signal, subjected to inter-leaving in the audio interleaving circuit 24, is composed of 8008 samples per 5 fields of the video signal. This is due to a fact that a field of the video signal does not exactly correspond to 1/60 seconds. However, since the processing of a leap field is not the object of the present invention, it is assumed, in the following description, that the audio signal consists of 1602 samples per field. Since the audio signal is digitized with 16 bits, 1602 samples correspond to the information of 3204 bytes. Said audio signal of 3204 bytes/field is considered to be composed, as shown in Fig. 3A, of 4 data matrixes each composed of 9 bytes in vertical direction and 94 bytes in horizontal direction. Said 4 matrixes can hold 3384 bytes (= 9 x 94 x 4), but the audio signal has only 3204 bytes per field. Thus other data of 180 bytes are inserted per field to make up data of 3384 bytes per field. The audio encoding circuit 26 effects C2 encoding operation in the vertical direction on the data matrix of 9 rows and 94 columns shown in Fig. 3A and adds C2 parity data of 3 bytes, thereby forming a data matrix of 12 rows and 94 columns including C2 parity bits. Then it effects C1 encoding on said data matrix and adds C1 parity data of 4 bytes, thereby obtaining a data matrix of 12 rows and 98 columns containing C1, C2 parity data. Said C1 and C2 encodings can be achieved with Reed Solomon codes or the like as in the video signal. Said data of 12 rows and 98 columns are released in succession, from the uppermost row, to a switch 28. The switch 28 switches the video and audio signals on time division basis. The output of the switch 28 is supplied to a synchronization adding circuit 30, where a synchronizing pattern is added. With respect to the video signal, synchronizing pattern of 1 byte is added to every two rows of the data matrix of 64 rows and 196 columns. The data of thus obtained 393 bytes will be hereinafter called synchronization block. With respect to the audio signal, a synchronizing pattern of 1 byte is added to every four rows of the data matrix of 12 rows and 98 columns, as shown in Fig. 3B. Thus a synchronization block for audio signal is also composed of 393 bytes. A modulation circuit 32 modulates the output of the synchronization adding circuit 30 to a signal form with reduced DC component, suitable for digital recording. The output of the modulation circuit 32 is amplified by a recording amplifier 34, and is magnetically recorded on a magnetic tape 38 by means of a magnetic head 36. Fig. 4 shows an example of the recording format of the magnetic tape 38, recorded by the recording apparatus shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 4, S indicates the recording position of the synchronizing information, while A represents audio signal, and V represent video signal. Such recording format allows to significantly simplify the reproducing circuit, since separate window signals need not be formed for the video and audio signals at the detection of the synchronizing signal. The digital video tape recorder explained above allows to simplify the circuit structure, since the synchronization adding circuit 30 and ensuing circuits can be commonly used for the audio and video signals, by selecting the number of data of a synchronizing block containing audio data equal to the number of data of a synchronizing block containing video data. In the digital video tape recorder of the foregoing embodiment, data of 180 bytes are inserted to four data matrixes of the audio signal, but the insertion of meaningless data of 180 bytes is undesirable. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a digital video tape recorder improved in this respect, and constituting another embodiment of the present invention, wherein same components as those in Fig. 1 are represented by same numbers. In Fig. 5, a sub-code generator 40 generates a cut number for video data, a signal indicating the signal form of the video and audio signals, a time code etc., which are used in the abovementioned added codes of 180 bytes. The output of the sub-code generator 40 is supplied to the audio encoding circuit 26, and is added, as shown in Fig. 6, to 1st to 45th columns of the 1st row in the data matrix of 9 rows and 94 columns, which is generated four times in a field. Said added codes are used as control signals or editing signals in the signal reproduction. Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a digital video tape recorder constituting still another embodiment of the present invention. A terminal 101 receives luminance signal Y and color difference signals I, Q of a video signal of NTSC type in parallel manner, and said signal Y is sampled with a frequency 4f sc (f sc being color sub-carrier frequency) while the signals I, Q are sampled with a 1/4 frequency. Besides said sampling is so conducted that the sampling points are not aligned vertically in neighboring lines of interlace scanning. Thus A/D converter 102 effects so-called sub-sampling. The signal Y is sampled at (3.58M/15.75K) x 4/2 = 455 points per a horizontal scanning line (1H). In practice a horizontal scanning line contains 372 sampling points data are obtained only in the effective image frame. For the signal I or Q there are given 96 sampling points, which are about 1/4 of those of the signal Y. The output data of the A/D converter 102 are supplied to a memory 103, and error correcting codes (ECC) are added by an ECC addition circuit 104. An error correcting code is added to a block of video data, obtained by dividing a field into four areas in vertical direction and three areas in horizontal directions, as indicated by a hatched area in Fig. 8. If a field has 240 effective horizontal scanning lines, said block contains Y-data of the 60 (vertical) x 124 (horizontal; 372/3) sampling points, and I, Q-data of the 60 (vertical) x 32 (horizontal); (= 93/3) sampling points. These data are arranged in the memory 103 as shown in the lower half of Fig. 8, and error correcting codes C1, C2 are added as illustrated to obtain a block 192 x 64 data. The numbers in Fig. 8 indicate the number of bytes, and the data at each sampling point are composed of 8 bits (1 byte). A terminal 105 receives audio signal of 4 channels, which are sampled in an A/D converter 106 with a frequency 48 KHz and are supplied to a memory 107. There are obtained 3200 (= 48K/60 x 4) sampling points per a field of the video signal. Said 3200 samples are divided into four audio data blocks, and error correcting codes are added to each block. However, in order to form the audio data and the video data into a synchronizing data block of a same size as will be explained later, other 18 data are added, and 9 x 92 data are arranged on the memory as shown in Fig. 9. Error correction codes C1, C2 are added as illustrated, by an error correction code addition circuit 108. In the video tape recorder of the present embodiment, a field is dividedly recorded in four tracks, and each track records three video data blocks and an audio data block. These data are read from the memories 103, 107, in a unit of 384 bytes. The video signal is read by the unit of two rows from the block in Fig. 8, in a manner as shown in Fig. 10, and the audio signal is read by the unit of four rows from the block in a manner as shown in Fig. 11. A switch 109 receives a signal, of a duration required for forming a track, from a track change timing generator 110, and the data of 384 bytes are read (32 x 3) times from the memory 103 and 3 times from the memory 107 during said duration. A circuit 110 adds synchronizing data of one byte (Sync) and data (X) of 3 bytes containing a synchronizing block number and a redundancy code for said number to the above-mentioned data every 384 bytes, whereby obtained is a synchronizing block of 392 bytes. Fig. 10 shows a video synchronizing block containing video data Vd, and Fig. 11 shows an audio synchronizing block containing audio data Ad. In this manner there are obtained recording data consisting of three audio synchronizing blocks and 96 video synchronizing blocks per a track. A synchronizing block replacing circuit 111 for dispersing said audio synchronizing blocks within the above-mentioned synchronizing blocks. The three audio synchronizing blocks consecutively entered are dispersed among 96 video synchronizing blocks, as shown in Fig.12A in which shown are synchronizing blocks, A-1, A-2, A-3, V-1-1, V-1-2, ..., V-32-2 and V-32-3. The synchronizing blocks are released from said circuit 111 in an order of A-1, V-1-2, V-1-3, V-1-1, ..., V-12-1, A-2, V-13-3, V-13-1, ..., V-23-2, A-3, V-24-1, ..., V-32-2 and V-32-3. The structure of the replacement circuit 111 will be explained later. The data released from the circuit 111 are supplied, through a digital modulator 112, to a recording/reproducing unit 113 and recorded on a magnetic tape. Fig. 13 shows the positions of the audio synchronizing blocks and the video synchronizing blocks on a track of the magnetic tape. As shown in Fig. 13, the audio synchronizing blocks A-1, A-2, A-3 are in the equally divided positions in the track. Now reference is made to Figs. 12A and 12B for explaining another function of said block replacement circuit 111, wherein shown are synchronizing blocks A-1, A-2, A-3, A-1', A-2', A-3', V-1-1, V-1-2, ..., V-32-2, V-32-3. Fig. 12A shows the order of recording of synchronizing blocks on an odd track, while Fig. 12B shows that in an even track. In an odd track, the circuit 111 releases the synchronizing blocks in an order of A-1, V-1-2, V-1-3, V-1-1, ..., V-12-1, A-2, V-13-3, V-13-1, ..., V-23-2, A-3, V-24-1, ..., V-32-2, V-32-3. In an even track, the blocks are released in an order of V-1-1, V-1-2, V-1-3, .., A-1', V-6-2, V-6-3, ..., V-16-1, A-2', V-17-3, ..., V-27-1, V-27-2, A-3', ..., V-32-1, V-32-2, V-32-3. Fig. 14 shows the arrangement of the audio synchronizing blocks and the video synchronizing blocks in tracks on the magnetic tape. Thus the audio synchronizing blocks A-1, A-2, A-3 on an odd track are at positions of equally dividing the track into three. On the other hand, the audio synchronizing blocks A-1', A-2', A-3' are at positions of 1/6, 3/6 and 5/6 of an even track. Fig. 15 shows an example of the synchronizing block replacement circuit 111. A terminal 201 receives data consecutively containing audio synchronizing blocks. Said input signal is recorded, by the unit of a track, in memory 204 or 206 by means of a switch 202. The switch 202 is controlled by the timing signal shown in Fig. 7 and received through a timing signal input terminal 208, thus selecting the memory 204 or 206 at every track. The data writing into the memories 204, 206 are controlled by signals W1, W2 generated by address generators 203, 205 similarly controlled by the track timing signal, whereby the audio data are dispersed among the video data. In data reading, the address is designated by signals R1, R2 from said address generators 203, 205. The data in the memories 204, 206 are both read in the order shown in Fig. 12A in the first-mentioned example, but, in the second-mentioned example, the data of the memory 204 are read in the order shown in Fig. 12A while those of the memory 206 are read in the order shown in Fig. 12B. In the following there will be explained the reproducing function. The signal reproduced from the recording/reproducing unit is modulated in a digital demodulator 121, and is supplied to synchronization detector 122 and a data detector 124, and a block number detector 123. The synchronization detector 122 detects the synchronizing data, and clock signals generated in response to said synchronizing data are used in the data detector 124 for reproducing the data and in said block number detector 123 for detecting the block number in said data X. A synchronizing block replacement circuit 125 effects a process inverse to that conducted in the circuit 111, thus releasing 3 audio synchronizing blocks and 96 video synchronizing blocks in consecutive manner. This process utilizes the timing signal from the aforementioned circuit 110, and is confirmed by the synchronizing block numbers. A switch 126 supplies a memory 127 with the video data and a memory 128 with the audio data. These data are subjected to error correction by ECC decoding circuits 129, 130, and are converted into original analog signals by D/A converters 131, 132, and finally released from terminals 133, 134. In the video tape recorder explained above, two audio synchronizing blocks out of three can be reproduced with an extremely high probability, and, the error correction can be achieved with a considerably high probability if the audio data and the error correction data are suitably replaced in the memory 107. Also, even if the error correction is not complete, interpolation is easy because two data blocks out of three can be securely reproduced. Thus the deterioration of the reproduced audio signal can be minimized even in case of a prolonged dropout. Besides, if the synchronizing block replacement circuit 125 performs the latter-mentioned function, the audio data will become dispersed not only along the track but also in the longitudinal direction of the tape. Consequently a scar on the tape which is frequently encountered along the track or along the longitudinal direction of the tape will not damage two consecutive audio blocks which are manually close in time, so that satisfactory reproduction is rendered possible. Besides, video blocks and also dispersed with respect to the audio blocks, so that satisfactory interpolation will become possible. In the foregoing embodiment a same recording pattern is employed in every other track, but it is also possible to repeat the same recording pattern in every n (> 2) tracks by employing n address generators in Fig. 8. Though the foregoing embodiment is limited to a digital video tape recorder, a similar effect can be obtained in a video tape recorder for recording analog video signal and time-compressed digital audio signal in time-division multiplex system, by employing different recording positions for the audio data in different tracks.

Claims: Digital signal transmitting or recording apparatus comprising: first means (14,26,28,30;101-110) operable to form video blocks and audio blocks having the same block length as each other, the video blocks containing synchronizing data, digital video data and first error check codes and the audio blocks containing synchronizing data, digital audio data and second error check codes; and second means (32-36;112,113) operable to transmit or operable to record the video blocks and the audio blocks time division multiplexed with each other, the apparatus being characterised in that said digital video data included in each video block corresponds to a plurality of samples in a two-dimensional sample matrix, the ratio of digital video data contained in a video block to the first error check codes contained in a said video block is greater than the ratio of digital audio data contained in an audio block to the second error check codes contained in said audio block. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the total length of digital video data in a said video block is more than the total length of digital audio data in said audio block. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the total length of error check data of the first error check code in a said video block is less than the total length of error check data of the second error check code in said audio block. Apparatus according to claim 2 in which the video blocks contain a plurality of video units containing the digital video data and the first error check code, and the audio blocks contain a plurality of audio units containing the digital audio data and the second error check code. Apparatus according to claim 4 in which there are more audio units in an audio block than there are video units in a video block. Apparatus according to claim 4 or claim 5 in which the length of a video unit is an integer multiple of the length of an audio unit. Apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in which there is the same total length of error check data of the first error check code in a video unit as there is total length of error check data of the second error check code in an audio unit. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 which comprises means (111) for changing the order in which said video blocks and the said audio blocks are transmitted or recorded by the second means (32-36; 112, 113). Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the second means comprises digital modulation means (32, 112). Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in which the second means (32-36; 112, 113) is operable to record said video blocks and the said audio blocks on a recording medium (38). Apparatus according to claim 10 in which the second means (32-36; 112, 113) is operable to record said video blocks and the said audio blocks by successively forming plural parallel tracks on a tape-form recording medium (38), and is adapted to function in such a manner that said audio blocks in neighbouring tracks in said plural parallel tracks are not aligned in the longitudinal direction of the tape-form recording medium (38). Apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 11 in which the first means comprises multiplexing means (28;109) having first input means for receiving the said digital video data and the said first error check code, second input means for receiving the said digital audio data and the said second error check code, and output means for outputting the said digital video data and the said first error check code time division multiplexed with the said digital audio data and said second error check code. A method of transmitting or recording a digital signal, comprising the steps of: (i) forming video blocks and audio blocks having the same block length as each other, the video blocks containing synchronizing data, digital video data and first error check codes and the audio blocks containing synchronizing data, digital audio data and second error check codes, and (ii) transmitting or recording the video blocks and the audio blocks time division multiplexed with each other, the method being characterized in that said digital video data included in each video block corresponds to a plurality of samples in a two-dimensional sample matrix, the ratio of digital video data contained in a video block to the first error check codes contained in a said video block is greater than a ratio of digital audio data contained in an audio block to the second error check codes contained in said audio block. A method according to claim 13 in which the total length of digital video data in a said video block is more than the total length of digital audio data in said audio block. A method according to claim 13 in which the total length of error check code data of the first error check code in a said video block is less than the total length of error check data of the second error check code in said audio block. A method according to claim 14 in which the video blocks contain a plurality of video units containing the digital video data and the first error check code, and the audio blocks contain a plurality of audio units containing the digital audio data and the second error check code. A method according to claim 16 in which there are more audio units in an audio block than there are video units in a video block. A method according to claim 16 or claim 17 in which the length of a video unit is an integer multiple of the length of an audio unit. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 18 in which there is the same total length of error check data of the first error check code in a video unit as there is total length of error check data of the second error check code in an audio unit. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 19 including the step of changing the order of the video blocks and the audio blocks. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 20 in which the step of transmitting or recording the video blocks and the audio blocks comprises a digital modulation step. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 21 in which the video blocks and the audio blocks are recorded on a recording medium (38). A method according to claim 22 in which the video blocks and the audio blocks are recorded by successively forming plural parallel tracks on a tape-form recording medium so that the audio blocks in neighbouring said tracks are not aligned in the longitudinal direction of the tape-form recording medium (38). A method according to any one of claims 13 to 23 in which, following the formation of the first and second error check codes, the said digital video data and the first error check code are time division multiplexed with said digital audio data and the second error check code. Apparatus according to claim 12 or a method according to claim 24 in which said video blocks and the said audio blocks contain synchronisation data which is added after the digital video data and the first error check code are time division multiplexed with the digital audio data and the second error check code. Apparatus according to claim 12 or a method according to claim 24 in which said video blocks and said audio blocks contain synchronisation data which is added before the digital video data and the first error check code are time division multiplexed with the digital audio data and the second error check code. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, 25 and 26 or a method according to any one of claims 13 to 26 in which said audio blocks also contain subcode data in addition to said digital audio data. Apparatus or a method according to claim 27 in which the subcode data comprises a time code. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and 25 and 26 or a method according to any one of claims 13 to 26 in which the said time division multiplexed video blocks and audio blocks do not include consecutive audio blocks. A signal reproducing apparatus adapted to decode and reproduce signals transmitted or recorded by an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and 25 and 26 or signals transmitted or recorded using a method according to any one of claims 13 to 26. A signal as transmitted or recorded by an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and 25 and 26 or as transmitted or recorded using a method according to any one of claims 13 to 26. An apparatus or method according to claim 27 in which the subcode data is located in front of the digital audio data in each of said audio blocks.

Inventors: KASHIDA MOTOKAZU, NAGASAWA KENICHI, SHIKAKURA AKIHIRO, YOSHIMURA KATSUJI, KASHIDA, MOTOKAZU, NAGASAWA, KENICHI, SHIKAKURA, AKIHIRO, YOSHIMURA, KATSUJI, Kashida, Motokazu, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, Nagasawa, Kenichi, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha, SHIKAKURA, AKIHIRO, C/O CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA, Yoshimura, Katsuji, c/o Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
Applicants: CANON KK, CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1988
Main classification: H04N5
IPC codes: H04N9, H04N5, H04N7, G11B27