DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE MIXING RATIO OF PETROL AND AN ALCOHOL OR THE LIKE

Abstract: A device for detecting the mixing ratio of petrol and alcohol or the like comprising; a flint glass (3), the outer surface of which is in direct contact with a mixing liquid of petrol and alcohol; a light emitting diode (5) placed to position within the flint glass so that the light beams therefrom are incident on a boundary between the glass and the mixing liquid, the light beams incident on the boundary at less than a critical angle being totally refracted, while the light beams incident on the boundary at more than a critical angle being totally reflected, the critical angle depending on a mixing degree of said liquid; a photo diode (6) placed in coplanar relationship with the light emitting diode to receive the light beams reflected at the boundary to generate an output in accordance with the light beams received; and a width of the photo diode and a distance between the diodes being determined such that the photo diode receives the light beams merely ranging from one reflected at a critical angle with a mixing ratio of the liquid as 100:0 to other reflected at a critical angle with a mixing ratio of the liquid as 0:100.

Description: This invention relates to a detector device in which a mixing ratio of a liquid comprising several components such as, for example, gasoline and alcohol is optically measured, and which is suited in use for fuel of internal combustion engine. In an internal combustion engine for motor vehicle, it has been suggested to apply a liquid comprising a moisture of gasoline and alcohol to a combustible fuel. In order to obtain a good engine output, it is necessary to continuously detect the mixing ratio of the liquid so that an automatic combustion control unit may properly control the quantity of injection fuel. For this purpose, a detector device is provided which comprises an optical permeable column arranged with its outer whole surface in direct contact with the mixture of gasoline and alcohol. Light beams from a light emitting diode permeate the column through one end and strike a boundary between the column and the mixing liquid. The light beams incident on the boundary at less than a critical angle are totally refracted while the light beams incident on the boundary at more than a critical angle are totally reflected. The light beams totally reflected go out of the column through its other end to fall on a photo diode, the output of which varies in accordance with the intensity of the light incident thereon. Since the critical angle changes depending upon the mixing degree of the liquid, measuring the output from the photo diode enables one to measure the mixing ratio of the liquid. The device, however, places one diode at each end of the column thus requiring cases to enclose the diodes separately, and making the structure larger, and increasing the number of assembly processes. FR 21187010 disclosesa detector in accordance with the precharacterising portion of claim 1 and which comprises a column, the sides of which are in contact with the liquid. The light emitting and detecting diodes may be positioned at one end of the column, and the other end be reflective, the amount of light escaping through the sides of the column varying with the critical angle and thus mixing ratio of the liquid. FR 1585979 shows a detector device in which light is reflected and focused by the surface of the detector onto a photo sensitive transducer. The device must, like that of FR 2487010 protrude into the fluid being measured. According to this invention there is provided a detector device for detecting, within a predetermined range, the mixing ratio of a liquid comprising several components, comprising: an optically permeable means, the outer surface of which forms a boundary to contact said liquid in use, a light emitting diode disposed in relation to said optically permeable means so that light beams emitted therefrom are transmitted through said optically permeable means and incident at the boundary between said optically permeable means and said liquid, light beams incident at said boundary at less than a critical angle being refracted, light beams incident at said boundary at more than the critical angle being totally reflected towards the photo diode; and, a photo diode disposed in relation to said light emitting diode and said optically permeable means so as to receive the light beams totally reflected from said boundary to generate an output in accordance with the light beams received, said photodiode being located in substantially coplanar relationship with said light emitting diode, characterised in that: said photo diode has a substantially rectangular shape the plane of the diodes is substantially parallel to the boundary; and, the distance between the plane of the diodes and the boundary, the distance between said photo diode and said light emitting diode, and the width of said photo diode in the direction joining said diodes, are determined so as to permit light emitted from the light emitting diode to be incident on the photo diode at angles ranging from a minimum angle to a maximum angle, said minimum and maximum angles corresponding, in use, to different specified values of the mixing ratio, and different incident points along the boundary. Thus with the present invention the thickness and length of the detector device may be reduced making the structure compact, and there is a decrease in the number of assembly processes thus leading to a cost saving. The present invention will be further described by way of non-limitative example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:- Fig.1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a detector device according to the present invention; Fig.2 is a cross-sectional view along I-I line of Fig.1; Fig.3 and Fig.4 are diagrammatic views for elucidating the principle of the present invention; Fig.5 is a diagrammatic view of an internal combustion engine in use for motor vehicle; Fig.6 is a wiring diagram of a compensation circuit; Fig.7 is a view corresponding to Fig.1 of a second embodiment of the present invention; Fig.8 is a view of the second embodiment corresponding to Fig.2; Fig.9 is a wiring diagram of an electronic circuit; Fig.10 is a graph showing a relationship between an output (V) of a photo diode and its ambient temperature (T); Fig.11 is a graph showing a relationship between an output (V) of a light emitting diode and its ambient temperature (T); Fig.12 is a graph showing a relationship between a voltage (V) applied to a second amplifier and its ambient temperature (T); and Fig.13 is a view of a third embodiment corresponding to Fig.1 of the present invention. In reference to accompanied drawings, embodiments of this invention are described are associated with an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle. Referring to Figs.1 and 2 of the drawings, numeral 1 designates a detector device according to this invention which is placed into an intermediate pipe 23a between a fuel reservoir 20 and a pressure regulator 23 as elucidated hereafter in Fig.5. The pipe 23 has an aperture 2 at its circumferential wall to communicate the innerside space and outside atmosphere. To the aperture 2, is a flat-shaped flint glass 3 liquid-tightly disposed as an optical permeable means, the outer surface of which is in direct contact with a mixed liquid of gasoline and alcohol flowing through the pipe 23a. In parallel relationship with the flint glass 3, is a pedestal 4 on which a light emitting diode 5 and a photo diode 6 are arranged in coplanar relationship. The light emitting diode 5 and the photo diode 6 are moulded into a transparent epoxy resin (M) filling a space between the glass 3 and the pedestal 4, except for a remaining pneumatic layer. Secured on the opposite side of the pedestal 4 to the diodes 5,6 is a mounting plate 4a and the outer periphery of the plate 4a is fixed to the edge of the aperture 2 by means of welding or the like. In determining the dimensions of the photo diode 6 and the distance between the light emitting diode 5 and photo diode 6, a principle shown in Fig.3 is employed. As seen in Fig. 3, a distance OQ is a value measured when light beams from a point (O) of the light emitting diode 5 permeate into the glass 3 at a critical angle ΘM to reach at a point (P) of a boundary between the glass 3 and the mixing liquid, reflecting to fall on a point (Q) of the photo diode 6 with a mixing ratio of the liquid as 0:100 (alcohol only). A distance OS is a value measured when light beams from the point (O) of the light emitting diode 5 permeate into the glass 3 at a critical angle ΘG to reach at a point (R) of the boundary between the glass 3 and the mixing liquid, reflecting to fall on a point (S) of the photo diode 6 with a mixing ratio of the liquid as 100:0 (gasoline only). With refraction index of alcohol and gasoline as nM and nG respectively, and the thickness and optical refraction index of the glass 3 as (d) and (nL), the law of reflection expresses the following formulas: From above formulas, inequalities OQ(ℓ)≦2d tan ΘM (ℓ+ω)≧2d tan ΘG are obtained. Accordingly, the relationship 2d tan ΘM≧ℓ≧(2d tan ΘG-ω) may be deduced. From the relation the value ℓ may be determined by giving ω a certain dimension since values of tan ΘM and tan ΘG are known. Thus the values of (ℓ), (ω) are fundamentally determined, however, the glass 3 has the epoxy resin layer (M) thereunder as seen in Fig. 1. In this embodiment, the determination in connection with a width of the photo diode and a distance between the diodes 5,6, are based from the principle of Fig. 4, in which (d₁), (nL₁) designate thickness and refraction index of the epoxy resin layer (M). Further, angle (ΘM₁) is the angle of incidence on the boundary between the epoxy resin layer (M) and glass 3 of the first light beam which totally reflects (at critical angle ΘM₂) at the boundary between the glass and alcohol. Angle (ΘG₁) is the angle of incidence on the boundary between the epoxy resin layer (M) and glass of the first light beam which totally reflects (at critical angle ΘG₂) at the boundary between the glass 3 and gasoline. From the law of light refraction (Snell's Law): sinΘM₁=nL₂.sinΘM₂/nL₁ sinΘM₂=nM/nL₂ sinΘG₁-nL₂.sinΘG₂/nL₁ sinΘG₂=nG/nL₂ are obtained and thus the angles can be determined from the refractive indices of the media. In connection with the light path A,B,C,D,E of Fig. 4, AE=2d₁tanϑ M 1+ 2d₂tanϑM₂ is obtained, while AI=2d₁tanϑG₁ + 2d₂tanϑG₂ being obtained from the light path A,F,G,H,I. From these expressions, the following relations are obtained. That is, ℓ₁ ≦2d₁tanϑM₁ + 2d₂tanϑM₂ ( ℓ₁ + ω₁ ) ≧ 2d₁tanϑG₁ + 2d₂tanϑG₂, leading those relations to an inequalty 2d₁tanϑM₁ + 2d₂tanϑM₂≧ℓ₁≧2d₁tanϑG₁ + 2d₂tanϑG₂ - ω₁ . Where dimension ℓ₁ is equivalent to a distance expressed by AE, dimension (ω₁ + ₁) being to a distance expressed by AI. Thus enabling the determination of distance (ℓ₁) between the light emitting diode 5 and the photo diode 6 by giving a certain value to the width (ω₁) of the photo diode 6. Now Fig. 5 shows a control system in which a detector device according to this invention is associated with an internal combustion engine for motor vehicle. In Fig.5, numeral 37 designates an engine cylinder, numeral 50 being an ignition key, numeral 51 being a control circuit, numeral 55 a battery cell serving as a power source, numeral 20 a fuel reservoir. Numeral 21 designates a fuel pump, numeral 23 being a pressure regulator which is introduced from the fuel reservoir 20 by way of the intermediate pipe 23a which the detector device 1 is mounted. Numeral 24 shows an injector, numeral 26 being a cold start injector, numeral 25 being an ignition coil, numeral 30 an air cleaner, numeral 31 an air valve, numeral 32 an air flow meter, numeral 33 a throttle valve, numeral 34 a position sensor for the throttle valve 33, numeral 35 an intake pipe, numeral 36 an exhaust pipe, numeral 52 a sensor for detecting air-fuel ratio of the fuel, numeral 53 a temperature sensor for a water cooler circulating in a jacket of the engine cylinder 37. In Fig.6 which shows an electronic circuit into which the light emitting diode 5 and the photo diode 6 are incorporated, numeral 7 designates an operational amplifier which connects a negative terminal 7b to an output terminal 7c, and at the same time, connecting it to a common line 9 through an electrical resistance 8 and a light emitting diode 5. A positive terminal 7a of the amplifier 7 is connected to the common line 9 through an electrical resistance 10 and a zener diode 11. The zener diode 11 works so that a constant input voltage (E₁) and a constant output voltage (E₀) are maintained at the positive terminal 7a of the amplifier 7. An output current (I₀) at a joint between the output terminal 7c and the electrical resistance 8, changes dependeng upon a voltage drop degree of the light emitting diode 5. That is, an elavated ambient temperature works to decrease a voltage drop of the light emitting diode 5 so as to increase the output current (I₀). A reduced ambient temperature works to increase a voltage drop of the light emitting diode 5 so as to decrease the output current (I₀). This allows to supply a current to the light emitting diode 5, the intensity of the current being adjusted to compensate the optical change of the light emitting diode 5 so as to insure temperature compensation effect. In so doing, an operational amplifier 12 has the photo diode 9 connected between its positive terminal 12a and negative terminal 12b. The positive terminal 12a is connected to the common line 9 while the negative terminal 12b being to an output terminal 12c through an electrical resistance 13. Across the output terminal 12c and the common line 9, is the control circuit 51 connected through an output arrangement 51a. In operation, an actuation of the ignition key 50 allows to activate the engine, and at the same time, supplying power to the control circuit 51. In combination with the activated control circuit 51, the mixing liquid fuel of gasoline and alcohol in the reservoir 20 is supplied to the injector 24 through a fuel pipe 22 by means of fuel pump 21. At this time, the injector 24 works to supply the fuel to the intake pipe 35 at the most appropriately quantity calculated to the operating condition of the engine. In the meantime, the control circuit 51 applies a voltage across the light emitting diode 5 to emit light beams which passes through the synthetic resin layer (M) and the glass 3 to reach a boundary between the glass 3 and the mixing liquid fuel. The light beams reached at the boundary with an incident angle as more than a critical angle, reflects to pass back the glass 3 and the resin layer (M) so as to fall on the photo diode 6 which produces an output supplied to the control circuit 50 through the input arrangement 51a. In this situation, variation of mixing ratio of the fuel liquid changes its refraction index to cause change of the critical angle when the light beams permeate through the glass 3 to reflect at the boundary. The change of the critical angle influences on the quantity of the light beams fell on the photo diode 6 to change the output produced therefrom. The relationship between the mixing ratio of the liquid and the quantity of the light beams fell on the photo diode 6, are previously obtained as data from the change of the refraction index of the mixing liquid to be stored by the control circuit 51. In so doing, the output from the photo diode 6 allows the control circuit 51 to calculate the most appropriate quantity of injection fuel so as to maintain a good output of the engine. With the structure thus described, the light emitting diode 5 and photo diode 6 are located on identical sides of the optically permeable means 3 so that thickness of the detector device 1 is reduced. The width of the photo diode 6 and distance between diodes 5, 6 are such that the lengthwise dimension is minimized to make a whole structure compact. The width of the photo diode 6 is reduced to minimum size necessary, enabling to contribute cost-saving structure. The casing required to encase the diodes 5,6 is a unitary one to reduce the number of assembly processes so as to facilitate assembly, conducive to an improved production. Furthermore, in opposition to the counterpart in which a detector device projects into inside of an intermediate pipe, the detector device 1 is substantially immune to a flow resistance of the mixing liquid which is running through the pipe 23a. Figs.7 through 9 show second embodiment of this invention in which a temperature compensation photo diode (PDc) is discretely provided on the pedestal 4. The diode (PDc) is in the shape of elongated chip, and located opposite to the light emitting diode 5 to be in the neighborhood of the photo diode 6. The location of the diode (PDc) is such that the diode (PDc) receives the light beams incident on the boundary at more than the highest critical angle so as to always maintain a constant quantity of the light beams received, regardless of the mixing ratio of the liquid. The temperature compensation photo diode (PDc) is incorporated into an electronic circuit shown in Fig. 9 in which a wiring connection of the photo diode 6 is similar to that of Fig.6. The diode (PDc) is connected across positive and negative terminals 70a, 70b of first operational amplifier 70. A common point of the negative terminal 70b and the diode (PDc) is connected to an output terminal 70c of the amplifier 70 by way of an electrical resistance R1. The output terminal 70c is connected to a negative terminal 71b of second amplifier 71 through an electrical resistance R2, across the negative terminal 71b and the output terminal 71c is a condenser 72 connected to prevent an adverse hunting action. A common point of the condenser 72 and the output terminal 71c is grounded by way of the light emitting diode 5. Further, a common point of the output terminal 71c and the light emitting diode 5 is connected to a positive terminal 73a of third operational amplifier 73 through an electrical resistance R3, the amplifier 73 connecting a negative terminal 73b to an output terminal 73c through an electrical resistance R4. A common point of the resistance R4 and the output terminal 73c returns to the second operational amplifier 71 so as to be connected to the positive terminal 71a by way of an electrical resistance R5. Under a constant voltage at the positive terminal 71a, the amplifier 71 works to control a quantity of current supplied to the light emitting diode 5 so as to hold the diode (PDc) at a predetermined output level, and leading to a uniform output of the photo diode 6 unless the liquid of gasoline and alcohol changes its refraction index. The refraction of the liquid, however, changes in accordance with the ambient temperature so that the relationship between temperature (T) and output (V) of the photo diode 6 is as seen at solid line in Fig.10. The relationship between the ambient temperature (T) and voltage drop (V) across the terminals of the light emitting diode 5, is as seen in Fig. 11, so that the voltage drop (V) decreases with the increase of the ambient temperature (T). In so doing, the voltage impressed across the terminals of the light emitting diode 5, is forwarded to the third operational amplifier 73 through the positive terminal 73a, so that the amplifier 73 allows the output terminal 73c to produce voltage (V) decreasing with the increase of the ambient temperature as depicted in Fig.12. The voltage (V) thus changing, is applied to the light emitting diode 5 through the output terminal 71c of the amplifier 71 to act the diode 5 to decrease its light emitting degree. This leads to working to decrease the output of the photo diode 6 so that the output of the photo diode 6 is maintained substantially at a certain level as seen by broken lines in Fig.10 irrespective of the ambient temperature. In addition, the light emitting diode 5 deteriorates with a long period of use, in such a degree that the light intensity reduces by a few percent with a thousand operating hours, and reducing by ten or twenty percent with ten thousand operating hours. The quantity of the light beams which the temperature compensation photo diode (PDc) receives, reduces to lower the output, decreasing the output of the first operational amplifier 70. The decreased output of the first amplifier 70 is applied to the negative terminal 71b of the second operational amplifier 71 to be amplified. The amplified output is forwarded through the output terminal 71c to apply it across the light emitting diode 5 to compensate for the loss of the light emitting quantity. With a long period of use, deposit appears on the surface of the glass 3 to cloud the glass, absorbing the light beams from the diode 5 so as to reduce the quantity of the light beams which the photo diode (PDc) receives. The the light beams lost by the absorption, is compensated in the same manner as the above case in which the light emitting diode 5 is deteriorated. It is appreciated that between the glass 3 and the resin layer (M), an optical permeable means such as an oil or silicone may be provided as shown at notation (Z) in Fig.13 with a view to completely excluding any pneumatic space which exists therebetween. Oil or silicone are preferred as these have a greater optical refraction index than the mixed liquid of gasoline and alcohol. Further, it is noted that silicone may be employed instead of the epoxy resin layer (M), and instead of the flint glass 3, a reinforced glass or a corrosion resistant plastics may be employed. Furthermore, the detector device is suitable for monitoring other liquid fuel mixtures and is not confined only to gasoline and alcohol and may even be incorporated into a monitor device for other liquids such as those in which concentration of sugared water and saline water is being continuously detected. This may have a significance particularly in the circle of food industry. Moreover, it is noted that the photo diode may be adapted to receive the light beams merely ranging from one reflected at a critical angle with a mixing ratio of alcohol as 30 percent to other reflected at a critical angle with a mixing ratio alcohol as 60 percent at the time of determining a width of the photo diode and a distance between two diodes.

Claims: A detector device for detecting, within a predetermined range, the mixing ratio of a liquid comprising several components, comprising: an optically permeable means (3), the outer surface of which forms a boundary to contact said liquid in use, a light emitting diode (5) disposed in relation to said optically permeable means (3) so that light beams emitted therefrom are transmitted through said optically permeable means (3) and incident at the boundary between said optically permeable means (3) and said liquid, light beams incident at said boundary at less than a critical angle being refracted, light beams incident at said boundary at more than the critical angle being totally reflected towards the photo diode; and, a photo diode (6) disposed in relation to said light emitting diode (5) and said optically permeable means (3) so as to receive the light beams totally reflected from said boundary to generate an output in accordance with the light beams received, said photo diode (6) being located in substantially coplanar relationship with said light emitting diode (5), characterised in that: said photo diode (6) has a substantially rectangular shape, the plane of the diodes is substantially parallel to the boundary; and, the distance between the plane of the diodes and the boundary, the distance between said photo diode (6) and said light emitting diode (5), and the width of said photo diode (6) in the direction joining said diodes, are determined so as to permit light emitted from the light emitting diode to be incident on the photo diode at angles ranging from a minimum angle to a maximum angle, said minimum and maximum angles corresponding, in use, to different specified values of the mixing ratio, and different incident points along the boundary. A detector device according to claim 1 characterised in that said liquid components comprise gasoline and alcohol for use in an internal combustion engine. A detector device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said optically permeable means includes a synthetic resin (M) in which are moulded said photo- and light emitting diodes (5,6). A detector device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that said optically permeable means (3) includes a glass layer. A detector device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a temperature compensation photo diode (PDc) disposed near to said photo diode (6) on the opposite side thereof from said light emitting diode (5), and incorporated into a compensation circuit to maintain a constant output from said temperature compensation diode (PDc) by controlling a current supply to said light emitting diode (5). A detector device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that means are provided to sense the voltage drop across the light emitting diode (5) and to adjust the current supplied thereto in accordance with the voltage drop to provide temperature compensation of the output of the device. A detector according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the outer surface of the optically permeable means (3) is substantially flush with the walls of a pipe (23a) within which it is mounted and which, in use, carries a liquid. An internal combustion engine including a detector device according to any one of the preceding claims.

Inventors: MATSUBARA, YOSHIHIRO, MIYATA, SHIGERU
Applicants: NGK SPARK PLUG CO. LTD.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: G01N21
IPC codes: F02D41, G01J1, G01N21