SUSTAINED-RELEASE PERCUTANEOUS PREPARATIONS

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sustained-release percutaneous preparation which has at least two adhesive layers wherein a solid powder is contained as dispersed in one of said adhesive layers other than the layer farthest from the skin on application and a drug is contained at least in said layer farthest from the skin on application. The preparations find application in the field of health care.

Description: This invention relates to a sustained-release percutaneous preparations and more particularly to a sustained-release percutaneous preparation which has at least two adhesive layers wherein a solid powder is contained as dispersed in one of said adhesive layers other than the layer farthest from the skin on application and a drug is contained at least in said layer farthest from the skin on application. The preparations find application in the field of health care. Percutaneous drug delivery systems adapted to release a drug gradually to achieve a sustained therapeutic effect and reduce the risk of side effect have recently been a favorite subject of research, and there are known a preparation such that the release of a drug is controlled by a polymeric film (Japanese Examined Patent Application No. 9003/1976) and a preparation such that the release of a drug is controlled by more than one superimposed layers of dissimilar adhesive polymers (Japanese Unexamined Patent Applications KOKAI No. 7413/1982, KOKAI No. 206516/1983 and KOKAI No. 20374/1984. A sustained-release pharmaceutical preparation which comprises 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine or an occlusion compound thereof with β-cyclodextrine and a process for preparation thereof is disclosed in EP-A-0 193 164. Regarding the above preparation where the release of a drug is controlled by a polymeric film, the presence of pinholes in the polymeric film would result in a massive release of the drug at a time so that there are risks of side effects developing depending on kinds of drugs. As to the preparation such that the release of a drug is controlled by a superimposion of adhesive layers of dissimilar types, there may be incompatibility according to combinations of the drug and adhesive polymers, thus imposing limitations on adhesive polymers that can be used. Futhermore, since the release of a drug is dependent on the selected combination of a drug with a polymeric base in both of the above types of preparations, it is difficult to assure a controlled rate of drug release. The intensive research by the present inventors for overcoming the above disadvantages revealed that when the preparation is such that it contains at least two adhesive layers, one of the layers other than the farthest from the skin on application containing a solid powder being not soluble in the adhesive used and having a particle size of 0,5 to 30 µm as dispersed therein and a drug being soluble in the adhesive used being contained in the layer farthest from the skin on application whereby the adhesive may be the same or different for the respective layers, the drug can be released at a controlled rate and even according to zero-order kinetics and that by varying the quantity and type of solid powder to be dispersed, the rate of release of the drug can be varied as desired. This invention has been accomplished on virtue of the above findings. The drug to be contained in an adhesive layer of the sustained-release percutaneous preparations according to this invention is soluble in the adhesive used. Thus, for example, corticosteroids, anesthetics, antihistaminics, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, analgesic-antiinflammatory agents, keratolytics, vitamins, antispasmodics as well as systemic drugs such as anticonvulsants, sedatives, sex hormones, antidiabetics, antihypertensives, antibiotics, central nervous system acting drugs, vasodilators, may be mentioned. According to their types, these drugs are used in appropriate amounts for achieving the desired therapeutic effect. Among said corticosteroids are prednisolone acetate, prednisolone, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, fluocinolone acetonide, betamethasone, beclometasone dipropionate, fludroxycortide and fluocinonide. The anesthetics include benzocaine, lidocaine and ethyl aminobenzoate. Among said antihistaminics are diphenhydramine hydrochloride, isothipendyl hydrochloride and diphenylimidazole. On the other hand, benzalkonium chloride, nitrofurazone may be mentioned as said antibacterial agents. The antifungal agents include nystatin and undecylenic acid. Among said analgesic-antiinflammatory agents are indomethacin, methyl salicylate, glycol salicylate, salicylamide and sodium salicylate. Regarding said keratolytic agents, vitamin A and antispasmodics, there may be mentioned salicylic acid, vitamin A, atropine and methscopolamine bromide. As to said systemic drugs, hypertensives such as reserpine, clonidine, propranolol and metoprolol tartarate.; antibiotics such as erythromycin, chloramphenicol, cefalexin, cefazolin, ceftizoxime, tetracycline, neomycin sulfate, oxytetracycline and penicillin.; central nervous system acting drug such as barbiturate, diazepam, nitrazepam, chlorpromazine, and vasodilators such as nitroglycerin, nifedipine, 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine and its β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, isosorbide dinitrate, diltiazem hydrochloride, dipyridamole, isosorbide dinitrate, may be mentioned. The solid powder may be any particles which does not cause the incompatibility with the drug used and do not cause adverse effects on the skin, but are not soluble in the adhesive used. Thus, for example, talc, kaolin, silica, sericite, metal oxides (for example, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide), inorganic salts (for example, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium phosphate,) and synthetic polymers (for example, methacrylic resin, nylon, polyethylene,), and natural or semi-synthetic polymers (for example, chitin, chitosan, β-cyclodextrin,) may be mentioned. The particle size of such solid powder is of 0.5 to 30 µm. The adhesive may be any of those that can be used for the usual medical tapes. Thus, for example, silicone adhesives (such as Silicone 355®, Dow Corning Corp.), rubber adhesives (such as JSR0585®, Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. ), acrylic ester adhesives (Carbond®, Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.; Primal® N580S, Japan Acrylic Chemical Co.,Ltd., etc.) can be selectively employed. The content of the drug or of the solid powder in the sustained-release percutaneous preparations of the invention is practically optional and can be selected in accordance with the properties of the drug, the desired duration of action and other factors. Generally speaking, however, their content may range from 0.1 to 50 weight percent and 5 to 80 weight percent, respectively, and preferably from 1 to 30 weight percent and 10 to 60 weight percent, respectively. For the purpose of improving the solubility and diffusibility of the drug in the adhesive layer, the sustained-release percutaneous preparations according to the invention may contain glycols (principally for increasing the solubility of the drug), such as diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, oils and fats (primally for promoting the diffusion of the drug), such as olive oil, squalene, lanolin, alcohols such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, esters such as isopropyl myristate, and unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linolic acid. Aside from these, various additives which are generally incorporated in percutaneous preparations of this type can also be added. The sustained-release percutaneous preparations according to this invention can be manufactured by the established procedures for the manufacture of medical tapes in general. For example, a mixture of the drug and an adhesive is applied on an appropriate drug-impermeable support such as a synthetic resin film, a composite synthetic resin-metal film or a metal (such as aluminum foil) to give a first layer. After drying of the layer, a mixture of a solid powder and an adhesive is applied on top of the first layer to provide a second layer, which is then dried. If necessary, for the purpose of improving the bond strength with respect to the skin, an adhesive containing neither the drug nor the solid powder is further coated to provide a third layer, which is then dried. In this arrangement, the drug is generally incorporated in a layer other than the layer in which said solid powder is dispersed, that is to say in the layer to be disposed farthest from the skin on application, but where a certain degree of early onset of action is desired according to the type of drug, the drug may be advantageously incorporated in the layer in which the solid powder is incorporated. The adhesive may be the same or different for the respective layers. It should be understood that by using different adhesives for the respective layers, a percutaneous preparation further differing in the rate of drug release can be manufactured. Below set forth are results of a test carried out with representative preparations, which illustrate the effects of the invention. Release test Test preparations A: The preparation according to Example 1 B: The preparation according to Example 2 C: The preparation according to Example 3 D: The preparation according to Example 4 E: The preparation according to Example 5 F: The preparation according to Reference 1 G: The preparation according to Reference 2 Method An in vitro ointment release test apparatus designed to allow a release solvent maintained at a predetermined temperature to flow in contact with the test preparation (3.6 cm²) in a constant direction was used as the test setup. As the release solvent, distilled water at 35°C was passed at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The determination was made by the ultraviolet method (268 nm). The above data indicate that the sustained-release percutaneous preparations according to the invention (test preparations A through E) release the drug more slowly than the preparations containing no solid powder (test preparations F and G) and approximately release the drug according to the zero-order kinetics. It was also found that by varying the level of addition of solid powder (A vs. B), the rate of release of the drug from the preparations of this invention can be controlled as desired and that by varying the kind of solid powder (B vs. C and D vs. E) and the kind of adhesive (B vs. D and C vs. E), any desired rate of drug release can be obtained. Examples The following examples are further illustrative of the invention. Example 1 Using a knife coater, a mixture of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine (10 g) and acrylic ester adhesive (Carbond®, Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.) (40 g) is coated on an aluminum foil support in a thickness of 0.5 mm to provide a first layer. Then, a mixture of talc (16.7 g) and the same acrylic ester adhesive as above ( 33.3 g) is coated on top of the first layer in a thickness of 0.5 mm to provide a second layer. The above procedure gives a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg [Second layer] Talc 16.7 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 33.3 mg Example 2 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg [Second layer] Talc 25 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 25 mg Example 3 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg [Second layer] Methacrylic resin particles 25 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 25 mg Example 4 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive (Carbond®) 40 mg [Second layer] Talc 25 mg Silicone adhesive (Silicone 355®) 25 mg Example 5 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive (Carbond®) 40 mg [Second layer] Methacrylic resin particles 25 mg Silicone adhesive (Silicone 355®) 25 mg Example 6 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] Inclusion compound of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine with β-cyclodextrin 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg [Second layer] Talc 25 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 25 mg Example 7 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] Inclusion compound of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine with β-cyclodextrin 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg [Second layer] Methacrylic resin particles 25 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 25 mg Example 8 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] Inclusion compound of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine with β-cyclodextrin 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive (Carbond®) 40 mg [Second layer] Talc 25 mg Silicone adhesive (Silicone 355®) 25 mg Example 9 The same procedure as Example 1 was followed to provide a sustained-release percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] Inclusion compound of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine with β-cyclodextrin 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive (Carbond®) 40 mg [Second layer] Methacrylic resin particles 25 mg Silicone adhesive (Silicone 355®) 25 mg Reference 1 Using a knife coater, a mixture of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine (10 g) and acrylic ester adhesive (Carbond®, Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.) (40 g) was coated on an aluminum foil support in a thickness of 0.5 mm to give a percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg Reference 2 The procedure of Example 1 was followed to provide a first layer. Then, a silicone adhesive (Silicone 355®, Dow Corning Co.) was coated on top of the first layer in a thickness of 0.5 mm to give a percutaneous preparation having the following formula per cm². [First layer] 2-Nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine 10 mg Acrylic ester adhesive 40 mg [Second layer] Silicone adhesive 50 mg

Claims: Claims for the following Contracting States : AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE A sustained-release percutaneous preparation which has at least two adhesive layers wherein a solid powder being not soluble in the adhesive used and having a particle size of 0,5 to 30 µm is contained as dispersed in one of said adhesive layers other than the layer farthest from the skin on application and a drug being soluble in the adhesive used is contained at least in said layer farthest from the skin on application whereby the adhesive may be the same or different for the respective layers. A sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1 which has two adhesive layers wherein the solid powder is contained as dispersed in the adhesive layer contiguous to the skin on application and the drug is contained in the other adhesive layer. A sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the solid powder is talc or metacrylic resin. A sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the adhesive is an acrylic ester adhesive and/or a silicone adhesive. A sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the drug is 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine. A sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the drug is an inclusion compound of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine with β-cyclodextrin. Claims for the following Contracting State : ES Process for preparing a sustained-release percutaneous preparation which has at least two adhesive layers wherein a solid powder being not soluble in the adhesive used and having a particle size of 0,5 to 30 µm is contained as dispersed in one of said adhesive layers other than the layer farthest from the skin on application and a drug being soluble in the adhesive used is contained at least in said layer farthest from the skin on application, whereby the adhesive may be the same or different for the respective layers, comprising the steps of a) applying a mixture of the drug and an adhesive on an appropriate drug-impermeable support, whereby a first layer is obtained, b) applying a mixture of a solid powder and an adhesive on the top of the first layer after drying of the first layer, whereby a second layer is obtained, c) optionally coating an adhesive containing neither a drug nor a solid powder on the second layer after drying, whereby a third layer is obtained. Process for preparing a sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1 which has two adhesive layers wherein the solid powder is contained as dispersed in the adhesive layer contiguous to the skin on application and the drug is contained in the other adhesive layer Process for preparing a sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the solid powder is talc or metacrylic resin. Process for preparing a sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the adhesive is an acrylic ester adhesive and/or a silicone adhesive. Process for preparing a sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the drug is 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine. Process for preparing a sustained-release percutaneous preparation according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein the drug is an inclusion compound of 2-nitroxymethyl-6-chloropyridine with β-cyclodextrin.

Inventors: ASAKURA, SOTOO, MURAKAMI, YOSHIO, NAKATE, TOSHIOMI, UEDA, YOSHIO
Applicants: FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: A61L15
IPC codes: A61L15, A61K9, A61K47