FLAT MOTOR

Abstract: A flat motor is disclosed comprising a motor housing (22, 41, 51, 61) having a first engaging mechanism (35, 45, 55,65), a magnet (25, 44, 54, 64) fixed to the motor housing (22, 41, 51, 61), a holder plate (26, 43, 53, 63) attached to the motor housing (22, 41, 51, 61) and provided with a pair of brush holders (27, 42, 52, 62). The holder plate (26, 43, 53, 63) has a second engaging mechanism (36, 46, 56, 66) engaging the first engaging mechanism (35, 45, 55, 65). A third engaging mechanism (37, 47, 57, 67) engages an inside surface (25a, 44a, 54a, 64a) of the magnet (25, 44, 54, 64). The holder plate (26, 43, 53, 63) can be positioned coaxially with the motor housing (22, 41, 51, 61) by the engagement of the first engaging mechanism (35, 45, 55, 65) with the second engaging mechanism (36, 46, 56, 66), the magnet (25, 44, 54, 64) can be positioned coaxially with the holder plate (26, 43, 53, 63) by the engagement of the third engaging mechanism (37, 47, 57, 67) with the magnet (25, 44, 54, 64). The motor housing (22, 41, 51, 61), the holder plate (26, 43, 53, 63) and the magnet (25, 44, 54, 64) can all be positioned coaxially with one another without use of a particular jig, thereby improving the assembly of the flat motor and increasing the productivity of the motor.

Description: The present invention relates to a D.C. flat motor, and specifically relates to improvement of the inside structure of the flat motor in order to make the assembly of the motor easy. The conventional D.C. flat motor is constructed, for example, as shown in FIG. 12. Flat motor 1 has upper and lower motor housings 2 and 3, a resin holder plate 4 attached onto the lower housing 3 coaxially with the lower housing, and a ring-like shaped magnet 5. A pair of brush holders 6 are provided on holder plate 4 and a brush 7 is inserted into each of the brush holders. Brush 7 is urged by an urging device such as a spring (not shown) so as to come into contact with commutator 9 of armature 8. In such a type of flat motor, motor housing 3, holder plate 4 and magnet 5 are required to be arranged coaxially with one another. However, means for disposing these members coaxially is not provided in the conventional flat motor itself. Therefore, in assembly of the conventional flat motor, a jig is used for disposing these members coaxially, particularly for disposing magnet 5 coaxially with motor housing 3, the centers of both members are met by the jig when the magnet is bonded to the motor housing by an adhesive, and then, the magnet is fixed to the motor housing by the jig until the adhesive is cured. In such a method for assembly of a flat motor, however, since the number of jigs must correspond to the number of the motors which are produced during the curing time of the adhesive, a large number of jigs are required and the cost of the jigs is relatively high. Moreover, since jigs must be used for assembly, the work to be done during assembly is troublesome. In the assembly of the above flat motor 1, there is one method wherein resin holder plate 4 is fixed directly to motor housing 3 by an adhesive and another method wherein the holder plate is fixed to the motor housing via screws or rivets 10. FIGS. 13 and 14 show the latter case. In the case where holder plate 4 is bonded to motor housing 3 by only an adhesive, however, since the bonding strength between the resin of the holder plate and the metal of the motor housing is only about 1/4 of the bonding strength between metals, the bonding strength is often insufficient, thereby decreasing the reliability and durability of the motor. In the case where the holder plate 4 is fixed to the motor housing 3 via screws or rivets 10, through holes 11 must be formed in the motor housing for inserting the screws or rivets, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. In such a structure, there is a fear that water may seep into the motor through the holes 11 and cause the inside of the motor to rust. Moreover, since the process of inserting and fastening the screws or rivets is necessary, the work during assembly becomes troublesome and the cost of production of the motor becomes large. After assembling holder plate 4 and magnet 5 coaxially with motor housing 3, armature 8 including commutator 9 is inserted. During this insertion, since each brush 7 is urged inward by the urging device, the motion of the brush is stopped by a tweezers-like shaped jig and the brush is held in brush holder 6 against the urging force of the urging device. Then, commutator 9 is inserted between a pair of brushes 7 down to a position where the magnetic gap between armature 8 and magnet 5 is set to a predetermined small gap. In order to insert commutator 9 down to a position where the magnetic gap reaches a predetermined small gap, however, the jig for the insertion must be small and flexible. The conventional tweezers-like shaped jig cannot sufficiently satisfy such a requirement. It would be desirable to provide a flat motor of which the motor housing, the holder plate and the magnet can be coaxially positioned without use of a jig, thereby improving the working steps during assembly of the motor and increasing the productivity of the motor. Further, it would be desirable to provide a structure of a flat motor wherein a holder plate can be bonded to a motor housing by an adhesive with a sufficient bonding strength without use of screws or rivets, thereby increasing the reliability and durability of the motor. According to the invention a flat motor comprising a motor housing, a ring-like shaped magnet fixed to the motor housing, a holder plate attached to the motor housing and provided with a pair of brush holders, a pair of brushes held in respective ones of the brush holders and an armature including a commutator inserted between the pair of brushes in the brush holders; is characterized by the motor housing having first engaging means in the form of a projection or recess, and the holder plate having second engaging means in the form of a recess or projection respectively for positioning the holder plate coaxially with the motor housing by engagement of the second engaging means with the first engaging means; and by third engaging means in the form of projections on the holder plate for positioning the magnet coaxially with the holder plate by engagement of the third engaging means projections with an inside surface of the magnet. With this arrangement, the holder plate is positioned coaxially with the motor housing by the engagement between the first engaging means and the second engaging means. When the magnet is set on the motor housing on which the holder plate has been attached coaxially with the motor housing, the third engaging means engages the inside surface of the magnet. At that time, the third engaging means regulates the position of the magnet coaxially with the holder plate. As a result, the motor housing, the holder plate and the magnet are positioned coaxially with one another. Since the magnet may merely be engaged with the third engaging means when the magnet is being coaxially bonded to the motor housing, it is only necessary to wait for the adhesive to cure to complete the bonding after the magnet has been positioned coaxially with the motor housing. Accordingly, a jig for keeping the relationship between the positions of the magnet and the motor housing is not required, the cost of the jig can be saved and the work of assembling the motor can be made easier. As a result, the productivity of the flat motor can be increased. In one embodiment the first engaging means includes a recess formed on at least one of the surfaces of the motor housing and the surface of the magnet which face each other, and the second engaging means includes a brim portion formed on the periphery of the holder plate and inserted into the recess. Since the brim portion can be strongly supported between the motor housing and the magnet, the holder plate can be strongly fixed via the support even if the holder plate is constructed from resin. Therefore, the method using an adhesive can be adopted for bonding the holder plate to the motor housing with no problem, and the reliability and durability of the motor can be greatly increased. Since screws or rivets are not used in this bonding method, the problem of the seepage of water through holes does not occur and also the assembly of the motor can be easier. Still further, it would be desirable to provide a flat motor wherein it is easy to assemble a commutator between a pair of brushes after a holder plate and a magnet are fixed to a motor housing, thereby making the assembly of the motor easy as a whole. To meet this problem, the motor may be so constructed that the pair of brushes are inserted into respective ones of the pair of brush holders from an entrance which is located at an inner side of the brush holder in a radial direction of the motor; and there are urging means for urging each of the inserted brushes in the radial inward direction so as to come into contact with the commutator, hook-shaped pieces provided on the holder plate at positions near the entrance to respective one of the brush holders, wires which are arranged, temporarily during assembly of the motor, to be supported beneath respective ones of the hook-shaped pieces and to extend across the entrances of respective ones of the brush holders to engage and hold within the brush holders respective ones of the brushes and thereby allow for unimpeded insertion between the brushes of the armature. The wires can thus stop the motion of the brush urged by the urging device and the brush can be held in the brush holder. Since the motion of the pair of brushes in the radial inward direction can be checked by the wires, the commutator can be easily inserted between the brushes down to a desirable position. As the wire is flexible and has a small diameter, the wire does not occupy a large space and does not constitute an obstruction to the insertion of the commutator. As the result of use of the wires, the assembly work of the motor can be improved greatly. Some preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a flat motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a plan view of a holder plate of the flat motor shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a partially cut away side view of the holder plate and a motor housing of the flat motor shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is an enlarged exploded perspective view of a portion of a brush and a brush holder of the flat motor shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a part of the flat motor shown in FIG. 1, showing the assembly of the flat motor; FIG. 6 is an exploded side view of the flat motor shown in FIG. 1, showing the assembly of an armature of the flat motor; FIG. 7 is a plan view of a part of a flat motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the part of the flat motor shown in FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a part of a flat motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a plan view of a part of a flat motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is an exploded sectional view of the part of the flat motor shown in FIG. 10; FIG. 12 is a partially cut away side view of the conventional flat motor; FIG. 13 is a plan view of the part of the flat motor shown in FIG. 12; and FIG. 14 is an exploded sectional view of the part shown in FIG. 13. FIGS. 1-6 illustrate a flat motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. A flat motor has a disk-like shaped upper motor housing 21 opening downward, a lower motor housing 22 closing the opening of the upper motor housing, and a motor shaft 23 extending through the upper motor housing and in the lower motor housing. Upper motor housing 21 has a stepped shape in section and a through hole 21a for motor shaft 23. A bearing 24a is mounted on an upper portion of motor shaft 23, and the outer ring of bearing 24a is fixed to the inside surface of upper motor housing 21. Lower motor housing 22 has a depressed portion 22a in the central portion of the motor housing, and a protrusive portion 22b extending in the circumferential direction of the motor housing on the outer portion in the radial direction of the motor housing. A bearing 24b is mounted on an lower portion of motor shaft 23, and the outer ring of bearing 24b is fixed to the inside surface of depressed portion 22a. A ring-like shaped magnet 25 is fixed on the top surface of protrusive portion 22b. Magnet 25 is bonded to motor housing 22 by an adhesive. A resin holder plate 26 is attached on motor housing 22 between depressed portion 22a and protrusive portion 22b. In this embodiment, holder plate 26 is bonded to motor housing 22 by an adhesive. Holder plate 26 is formed as a rectangle and has a hole 26a in the central portion thereof, as shown in FIG. 2. A pair of brush holders 27 are provided on the holder plate 26 and arranged in the longitudinal direction of the holder plate so that entrances 27a for brushes 29 face each other with a predetermined distance. A slot 27b is defined on a side wall of each brush holder 27. A spring 28 for urging the brush 29 and the brush are inserted into the brush holder in order, and a pig tale 29a of the brush is led out through the slot, as shown in FIG. 4. Brush holder 27 is constructed from a resin and formed integrally with holder plate 26 in this embodiment. The brush holder may be constructed from a metal and it may be fixed on holder plate 26. A connecting screw 31 is attached at the top portion of motor shaft 23. A disk-shaped armature 32 wound with coils therein and a commutator 33 are fixed on motor shaft 23 at positions between bearings 24a and 24b. A magnetic gap 34 with a predetermined value is set between the armature 32 and magnet 25. Columnar projections 35 are provided as a first engaging mechanism on motor housing 22, and through holes 36 function as a second engaging mechanism on holder plate 26. Columnar projections 35 are inserted into corresponding though holes 36, respectively. The positions of columnar projections 35 and through holes 36 are set so that holder plate 26 can be positioned coaxially with motor housing 22 by the engagement of the respective columnar projections with the corresponding through holes. Four rectangular projections 37 are provided on holder plate 26 as a third engaging mechanism. Although projections 37 are formed integrally with holder plate 26 in this embodiment, they may be made as pieces different from the holder plate and fixed to the holder plate. The positions of the respective projections 37 are set so that magnet 25 can be positioned coaxially with holder plate 26 by the engagement of the outer surfaces of projections 37 in the radial direction of the motor with the inside surface 25a of magnet 25. A center hole 25b, defined by the inside surface 25a of magnet 25, is formed as a lozenge in this embodiment. The positions of projections 37 are desirably set to positions along a shape of an allowable minimum size of the center hole 25b of magnet 25. In such a arrangement of projections 37, the projections can engage the inside surface 25a of magnet 25 even though the center hole 25b has been defined as an allowable minimum size in a manufacturing process. A hook-shaped piece 38 is provided on holder plate 26 at a position near each entrance 27a of respective brush holders 27 so as to protrude from the upper surface of the holder plate. Each hook-shaped piece 38 is constructed of a support portion 38a extending upward from holder plate 26 and a hook portion 38b connected to the top portion of the support portion and turned in a horizontal direction therefrom. In this embodiment, hook-shaped pieces 38 are also formed integrally with holder plate 26. The support portions 38a are located at positions inside of the entrances 27a of brush holders 27 in the longitudinal direction of holder plate 26. The hook portions 38b turn to outer sides of holder plate 26 in the longitudinal direction of the holder plate. The position of hook portions 38b in the height direction is set to a position lower than that of the upper surface of magnet 25. Although each hook-shaped piece 38 is provided on one side of each brush holder 27 in this embodiment, another hook-shaped piece 40 having a support portion 40a and a hook portion 40b may be provided on another side of each brush holder 27 as shown with two-dot line in FIG. 4. In the flat motor as described above, holder plate 26 is first attached onto motor housing 22, thereafter, magnet 25 is bonded to the motor housing, and then, armature 32 is inserted together with commutator 33. In the assembly of holder plate 26 to motor housing 22, since two columnar projections 35 projecting from the motor housing are inserted into corresponding through holes 36 in the holder plate, respectively, the holder plate can be easily positioned precisely coaxially with the motor housing without use of a particular jig. In the assembly of magnet 25 onto the protrusive portion 22b of motor housing 22, since four projections 37 provided on holder plate 26 engage the inside surface 25a of the magnet, the magnet can be naturally positioned coaxially with the holder plate only by being put onto motor housing 22. At that time, since holder plate 26 has been already positioned coaxially with motor housing 22, the motor housing, the holder plate and magnet 25 are all ultimately positioned coaxially with one another. Therefore, magnet 25 may be left as it is set onto motor housing 22 until the curing of an adhesive for bonding the magnet and the motor housing is completed, a special jig for maintaining the relationship between the positions of the magnet and the motor housing is not required. Thus, the assembly of holder plate 26 and magnet 25 on motor housing 22 can be made easy, the productivity of the motor can be increased and the cost for the assembly can be reduced since a special jig is not used. After holder plate 26 and magnet 25 are bonded to motor housing 22, spring 28 and brush 29 are inserted, in order, into each brush holder 27, as shown in FIG. 4. Then, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a pair of wires 39 having an elasticity and having rings 39a on their end portions for handling are inserted over the upper surface position of magnet 25 toward the upper surface position of holder plate 26, and through the lower surface positions of hook portions 38b of hook-shaped pieces 38, while the motion of the brushes 29 urged by springs 28 is checked by a hand from the insides of the brushes in the radial direction of the motor. The wires 39 are extended so as to cross entrances 27a of brush holders 27 and the end portions of the wires opposite to rings 39a come into contact with the upper surface of holder plate 26. In such a state, since hook portions 38b are positioned lower than the height of magnet 25, wires 39 are pressed onto the upper surface of the magnet, the lower surface of the hook portions and the upper surface of holder plate 26, and curved downward. This can frictionally fix wires 39 to a sufficient degree, so that brushes 29 are prevented from getting out of brush holders 27 by the wires and are held in the brush holders. Next, motor shaft 23, mounted with bearings 24a and 24b, armature 32 and commutator 33, is assembled. When the lower portion of commutator 33 is inserted down to a position between a pair of brush holders 27, wires 39 are removed by pulling rings 39a of the wires. The motion of brushes 29 urged by springs 28 is allowed by the removal of wires 39, and the brushes are pressed onto commutator 33. Then, the motor shaft 23 is inserted downward to a position that defines a predetermined magnetic gap 34 between magnet 25 and armature 32. Thereafter, upper motor housing 21 is assembled and the upper motor housing is fixed to lower motor housing 22. Thus, the assembly of the flat motor is completed. In the above assembly, since wires 39 prevent brushes 29 from getting out of brush holders 27, the insertion of commutator 33 can be made easily and the assembly of armature 32 and motor shaft 23 becomes very easy. Moreover, since ring 39a is formed on an end portion of each wire 39, the wire can be inserted and removed very easily. FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a part of a flat motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIGS. 7 and 8, a motor housing 41, holder plate 43 having a pair of brush holders 42 and magnet 44 are shown. In this embodiment, holder plate 43 is shaped in a circle and the center hole 44b of magnet 44 is also shaped in a circle. Columnar projections 45 are provided on motor housing 41 as a first engaging mechanism and through holes 46 engaging the columnar projections are formed through holder plate 43 as a second engaging mechanism, similarly as provided in the aforementioned first embodiment. In holder plate 43, four block-shaped projections 47 engaging the inside surface 44a of magnet 44 are provided as a third engaging mechanism. The projections are formed integrally with the holder plate in this embodiment. Projections 47 are arranged in the circumferential direction of holder plate 43 with the same pitches. In this embodiment, holder plate 43 is positioned coaxially with motor housing 41 by the engagement of columnar projections 45 with through holes 46, magnet 44 is positioned coaxially with the holder plate by the engagement of projections 47 with the inside surface 44a of the magnet, and the motor housing, the holder plate and the magnet are all positioned coaxially with one another. Since the center hole 44b of magnet 44 is shaped in a circle and projections 47 are arranged on the periphery of circular holder plate 43 in the circumferential direction with the same pitches, as compared with the first embodiment, there is no directional restriction in the circumferential direction upon the assembly of the magnet, thereby making the assembly easier. FIG. 9 illustrates a part of a flat motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 9, motor housing 51, holder plate 53 having a pair of brush holders 52 and magnet 54 are shown. In this embodiment, holder plate 53 is shaped in a lozenge, a recessed portion 51a having a shape of a lozenge corresponding to the shape of the holder plate is formed on motor housing 51, and the center hole 54b of magnet 54 is also shaped in a lozenge. Columnar projections 55 are provided in the recessed portion 51a of motor housing 51 as a first engaging mechanism and through holes 56 engaging the columnar projections are formed in holder plate 53 as a second engaging mechanism. A triangular projection 57 is provided on each of the four sides of holder plate 53 as a third engaging mechanism and the triangular projections are formed integrally with the holder plate. In this embodiment, holder plate 53 is positioned coaxially with motor housing 51 by the engagement of columnar projections 55 with through holes 56. Since recessed portion 51a shaped in a lozenge which follows the shape of holder plate 53 is formed on motor housing 51, columnar projections 55 and through holes 56 easily meet each other merely by the insertion of the holder plate into the recessed portion. As a result, the assembly of holder plate 53 can be made very easily. Moreover, since the center hole 54b of magnet 54 is shaped in a lozenge, the direction of the magnet can be regulated as well as the coaxis of the magnet and motor housing 51 by the engagement of projections 57 with the inside surface 54a of the magnet. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate a part of a flat motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIGS. 10 and 11, motor housing 61, holder plate 63 having a pair of brush holders 62 and magnet 64 are shown. In this embodiment, generally rectangular recessed portions 65 are formed on the surface of motor housing 61 at positions facing each other, and similarly shaped brim portions 66, to be inserted into the corresponding recessed portions, are formed on the periphery of holder plate 63. Brim portions 66 are formed as generally rectangular, radial extensions from a main central portion of holder plate 63. Since holder plate 63 is positioned coaxially with motor housing 61 by the insertion of brim portions 66 into the corresponding recessed portions 65, the recessed portions constitute a first engaging mechanism and the brim portions constitute a second engaging mechanism. In this embodiment, since brim portions 66 are supported between motor housing 61, having recessed portions 65, and magnet 64 bonded to the motor housing by an adhesive 68 so as to be enveloped between the motor housing and the magnet, the brim portions are strongly fixed between the motor housing and the magnet. Therefore, holder plate 63 can be sufficiently strongly fixed to motor housing 61 by bonding it to the motor housing via an adhesive without the use of screws or rivets, whereby the sufficiently high reliability and durability of the motor is assured. Magnet 64 is positioned coaxially with holder plate 63 by the engagement of block-shaped projections 67 provided on the holder plate as a third engaging mechanism with the inside surface 64a of the magnet. Although recessed portions 65 are formed on motor housing 61 in this embodiment, the recessed portions may be formed on both of the motor housing and the magnet. Since the brim portions are sandwiched between the motor housing and the magnet, the recess in combination with the motor housing and magnet can be considered parts of the first engaging mechanism. Moreover, brim portions 66 are bonded to recessed portions 65 via adhesive 68 in order to mainly prevent the vibration of holder plate 63. Brim portions 66 may be bonded to magnet 64 or motor housing 61 or to both of them.

Claims: A flat motor comprising a motor housing (22,41,51,61), a ring-like shaped magnet (25,44,54,64) fixed to the motor housing (22,41,51,61), a holder plate (26,43,53,63) attached to the motor housing and provided with a pair of brush holders (27,42,52,62), a pair of brushes (29) held in respective ones of the brush holders and an armature (32) including a commutator (33) inserted between the pair of brushes (29) in the brush holders; characterized by the motor housing having first engaging means in the form of a projection (35,45,55) or recess (65), and the holder plate having second engaging means in the form of a recess (36,46,56) or projection (66) respectively for positioning the holder plate coaxially with the motor housing by engagement of the second engaging means with the first engaging means; and by third engaging means in the form of projections (37,47,57,67) on the holder plate for positioning the magnet coaxially with the holder plate by engagement of the third engaging means projections with an inside surface of the magnet. A flat motor according to claim 1, wherein the holder plate (43,63) is circular. A flat motor according to claim 1, wherein the holder plate (53) is lozenge-shaped. A flat motor according to claim 1, wherein the holder plate (26) is rectangular. A flat motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first engaging means includes a recess (65) formed on at least one of the surfaces of the motor housing (61) and the surface of the magnet (64) which face each other, and the second engaging means includes a brim portion (66) formed on the periphery of the holder plate (63) and inserted into the recess (65). A flat motor according to claim 5, wherein the brim portion (66) is bonded to at least one of the motor housing (61) and the magnet (64). A flat motor according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the brim portion (66) is formed as at least two separate radial extensions from a main central portion of the holder plate (63). A flat motor according to claim 7, wherein the radial extensions (66) are generally rectangular. A flat motor according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the pair of brushes (29) are inserted into respective ones of the pair of brush holders (27,42,52,62) from an entrance (27a) which is located at an inner side of the brush holder in a radial direction of the motor; and there are urging means (28) for urging each of the inserted brushes (29) in the radial inward direction so as to come into contact with the commutator (33), hook-shaped pieces (38,40) provided on the holder plate at positions near the entrance (27a) to respective one of the brush holders, wires (39) which are arranged, temporarily during assembly of the motor, to be supported beneath respective ones of the hook-shaped pieces and to extend across the entrances (27a) of respective ones of the brush holders to engage and hold within the brush holders respective ones of the brushes and thereby allow for unimpeded insertion between the brushes of the armature. A flat motor according to claim 9, wherein two of the hook-shaped pieces (38,40) are provided one on each side of each brush holder (27). A flat motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first engaging means includes columnar projections (35,45,55) extending from the motor housing, and the second engaging means includes holes (36,46,56) formed in the holder plate (26,43,53).

Inventors: TESHIGAWARA, TOSHIYUKI
Applicants: SANDEN CORPORATION
Application year: 1988
Main classification: H02K23
IPC codes: H02K23, H02K5