DEVICE AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY DOFFING BOBBINS IN A WINDING MACHINE

Abstract: A device for automatically doffing bobbins in a winding machine and supported by a mobile carriage (1) which patrols along the machine face, comprising - a chute-shaped member (13) for the guided discharge of the full bobbin (11), and along which the bobbin is guided and accompanied; - a gripper-type manipulation member (60) for the new tube (12A), which withdraws said tube from a presentation member (18) and positions it between the holding centres (10) on the bobbin support arm (9); - a yarn positioning member (90) which withdraws the yarn from the formed bobbin (11) and disposes it on the new tube (12A); - a member for rotating the new tube in the form of a sliding belt (102) which connects the yarn (80) to the new tube (12A).

Description: This invention relates to a device and method for automatically doffing bobbins in a winding machine. The winding operation is known to consist essentially of withdrawing the yarn from supply packages eliminating its defects and winding it onto tubes to form bobbins of a predetermined size. The shape and size of the bobbins generally varies according to the intended use of the yarn. If the yarn is intended to feed high-speed machines, the bobbins are generally cylindrical or frusto-conical with a small taper. If the yarn is intended to feed low-speed machines, the bobbins are frusto-conical with a larger taper. This variable taper is necessary for the correct unwinding of said bobbins during their use, when a more or less substantial centrifugal force is present. Because of the variable taper and size of the bobbin to be formed, the problem of automating the manipulation of the bobbins and tubes during doffing are very complicated. When the bobbin under formation reaches the required size, the winding head is halted, the bobbin is discharged and is replaced by a new tube on which a new bobbin is built up. The yarn is cut while retaining its tail end, and is then wrapped about the new tube in order to be able to resume winding. As winding machines comprise a large number of winding heads - for example in straight-line winding machines this number is an average of 48-60 heads per machine - this operation must be automated so that it can be carried out quickly and reliably without the need for manual intervention by the operators. EP-A-0 126 352 discloses an automatical bobbin doffing device and method in a winding machine having the features as indicated in the preamble of claims 1 and 15 respectively. The known device and method are not fully reliable especially in doffing frusto-conical bobbins with variable taper. The purpose of the present invention is that to improve the reliability of the known device and method to allow an automatic overall bobbin doffing operation to be carried out independently of the variable taper and size of the bobbin. This purpose is achieved by a device with the combination of features as defined in the characterising portion of claim 1 and by a method as defined in the characterising portion of claim 15. Sub-claims 2 to 14 and 16 indicate preferred embodiments of the invention. The invention is described hereinafter with reference to the figures, which relate to a typical embodiment thereof. Figure 1 shows the carriage and the discharge members for the full bobbin. Figures 2A/B show the devices for positioning the carriage in its correct position relative to the winding head. Figures 3A/E show the device for raising the bobbin support arm. Figures 4A/B show the manipulation of the yarn during its seizure from the full bobbin and its control until its connection to the new tube. Figures 5A/B show the manipulation of the new tube. Figures 6A/B show a modification of said manipulation. Figures 7A/B show the tube manipulation member. Figures 8A/C show the device for initiating rotation of the tube for the purpose of connecting the yarn. The device according to the invention consists essentially of a mobile carriage supporting the various members which cooperate in executing the aforesaid operations in a programmed sequence. In Figure 1, the device is supported by the mobile carriage 1, which is motorised by the electric motor 2 and runs along the fixed rails 3 and 4 extending along the machine face. The carriage is driven by the drive wheel 5 connected to the motor 2. and is restrained by the idle wheels 6,7 which run along the rails 3 and 4 to exactly determine the position of the carriage 1 in the plane of the figure, in known manner. The winding head is shown diagrammatically in the figures by means of its more important elements such as the bobbin drive roller 8 and the bobbin support arm 9. In the most common types of winding machine, the bobbin support arm carries at its ends two holding centres, of which at least one, indicated by 10, is mobile in an axial direction. These holding centres are made to approach and withdraw from each other to respectively clamp the tube while leaving it free to rotate about its axis, and release it for the doffing and replacement operations. The axis through the holding centres is generally not parallel to the axis of the roller 8, but is positioned by adjusting the angle through which the arm 9 is rotated about the axis SS so as to set the two holding centres at different heights according to the taper of the bobbin to be formed and the taper of the tube on which the bobbin is wound. When a given winding head has completed a bobbin and is halted, it calls the carriage 1 in order to effect the doffing operation. The carriage moves along the rails 3 and 4 driven by the motor 2 in the direction of the "calling" head, which has its photoelectric cell 22 in a central position. Figure 2B shows the carriage at the arrival stage, Figure 2A shows by dashed lines the carriage 1 during the approach stage, and Figure 2A shows by full lines the carriage when in its operating position. In the scheme of Figures 2A/B the carriage 1 is provided with two photoelectric cells 23 and 24, one of which - according to the direction of movement - passes in front of the photoelectric cell 22 of the "calling" winding head. In Figures 2A and 2B, as soon as the photoelectric cell 23 passes in front of the photoelectric cell 22, the carriage 1 receives a braking command from its photoelectric cell 23, and the lever 25, which is pivoted on the carriage in a position not shown in the figure, is urged by a magnet against the rail 3 which is provided with a fixed cam 26 having a central notch 27 located in correspondence with the centre line of the winding head. During deceleration, the lever 25 rises against the fixed cam 26 and finally becomes wedged in the central notch 27 as the carriage proceeds at very reduced speed. When the lever 25 has entered the notch 27, a probe 28 senses the engagement of the lever 25 and shuts off current to the motor 2. The photoelectric cell 29 - disposed on the carriage centre line - reads the cell 22 to identify the winding head for control purposes. The carriage is positioned and the doffing procedure can be commenced. When doffing is complete, the magnet which urges the lever 25 against the rail 3 is released. The carriage can then be moved into other positions. When the carriage is positioned, the bobbin support arm is raised. The raising device for the bobbin support arm 9 - with reference to Figures 3A/E - consists of an arm 30 pivoted at its centre M to the carriage 1 and provided with a spring hook 31. It descends in the direction 32 towards the roller 33 fixed on the bobbin support arm 9. The spring hook 31 snaps over the roller 33 and hooks it by undergoing the rotations 34 and 35. The arm 30 again rises, dragging the arm 9 into its raised position. The subsequent operations are carried out with the arm raised, until the yarn has been connected to the tube. With reference to Figure 1, the full bobbin 11 is released by the mobile holding centre 10 and fixed holding centre, which move apart, and falls onto the mobile chute 13 which is raised to receive it by the piston 36 disposed on the carriage 1. The bobbin then proceeds along the fixed chute 14 towards the conveyor belt 15, which slides along the winding machine to receive the full bobbins. Because of the taper of the bobbins, their correct rolling towards the belt 15 is assisted by the pivot-mounted levers 40 and 41, the former accompanying and the latter guiding the bobbin. Simultaneously with the raising of the chute 13, the lever 41 moves into the position 41A shown by dashed lines in order to halt the released bobbin 11 along the chute 13 and then guide it gradually towards the belt 15. The levers 40 and 41 are preferably of L-shape and make contact with the bobbin by means of that portion of the L which is perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1. This arrangement allows correct discharge of the bobbin - even for high taper - which guided in this manner does not lie crosswise on the path of the chutes 13 and 14. According to a modified embodiment, the lever 41 can be formed in such a manner as to make a complete anticlockwise revolution about its pivot, so as to firstly retain the bobbin 11 and then accompany it towards the belt 14, this being advantageous if the bobbin has difficulty in proceeding along the chute 14. When the bobbin 11 has been raised from the holding centres, a new tube 12A is fed and loaded onto the bobbin support arm 9. In order to be able to resume winding with the new tube 12A, the yarn originating from the winding head must be seized and controlled during the doffing operation. With reference to Figures 4A and 4B, for this purpose the arm 90 is used, it being pivoted at C and able to rotate in two substantially orthogonal planes. During the sliding of the bobbin 11 along the chute 13 the yarn 80 is still connected to the bobbin, and forms an angle with the upper edge of the chute 13, which is shaped with a lead-in notch 81 for the yarn, which passes through the position 80A. The arm 90 is provided with a hook-shaped end part 91. Said end part 91 is provided with a cutting device shown in Figure 4B. The cutting device consists of a fixed cutter 92 and a mobile cutter 93 which are pivoted together to form a scissor member. Said scissor member is opposed by the spring 94 which tends to keep it open, and is operated by a lever 95 controlled by the rotating rod 96 which passes along the body of the arm 90. Said arm 90 is provided with an L-shaped introduction member 97 able to rotate about the axis 98, substantially parallel to the arm 90. The arm 90 undergoes the sequence of rotations indicated by the arrows: it descends into the position 90A in a substantially vertical plane, then rotates in a plane orthogonal to the preceding to reach the position 90B so that the hook-shaped end 91 collects the yarn in the position 80A and moves it into the position 80B, after which the arm rises in a substantially vertical plane into the position 90C, so dragging the yarn into the position 80C. During this operation the introduction member 97 rotates about its axis 98 to move downwards and urge the yarn 80 in front of the holding centre 10. During this operation the holding centres are free and are not yet occupied by the new tube 12A. The loading and positioning of the new tube is effected by the member shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7. The tube presentation member, which constitutes one of the basic constituents of the device, is composed of an articulate chute, which is in the form of a fixed chute 18 provided at that end facing the winding head with a mobile terminal part 19 having a curved edge in the shape of a cradle in order to retain the tube 12A for presentation to the manipulation member. Said terminal part forms the mobile chute 19, and can assume substantially two positions, namely the tube presentation position, and the disengagement position in which it does not interfere with the manipulation member and enables it to rotate downwards in order to move the tube towards the bobbin support arm, in accordance with the dashed-line configuration of Figure 5A. The tube presentation member formed from the chutes 18 and 19 can be constructed in two different versions, which are described hereinafter. The number of chutes provided can be equal to the number of winding heads, each one being positioned in correspondence with the winding head to which it is exclusively assigned as shown in Figure 5B. Alternatively, it can be mobile and be disposed on the carriage (while maintaining substantially the same configuration and operation) and is able to successively serve all the winding heads, to which it is presented as required by moving the carriage 1 along the machine face, as in Figure 5A. The tube presentation member can either be engaged by one tube 12A at a time, or can act as a store for a small number or reserve tubes. The two alternative versions are shown schematically in Figures 5A/B and 6A/B, of which the operation is described hereinafter. The tubes can be fed to the presentation member either manually or automatically, this latter being the preferred method, in accordance with scheme shown by way of non-limiting example in Figures 5A/B. A support 16 is fixed along the winding machine face in order to guide a conveyor belt 17 which feeds the tubes to the positions concerned. In correspondence with the winding head there is disposed the chute 18/19 which has to receive the new tube to be fed during the next operation cycle. The empty tubes to be fed to the winding machine are released from a store, not shown in the figure, onto the conveyor belt 17 along which they travel, lying down along a generating line, in the direction of motion of the belt, and are distributed by it along the machine face as far as the position into which the tube has to be delivered. An extendable arm 70 is fixed on the carriage 1 in order to withdraw the new tube 12B from the conveyor belt 17 and deliver it to the chute 18/19. This extendable arm consists of a rack rod 71 operated by a pinion 72 driven by a geared motor, which causes the rod 71 to extend and retract as required. During tube withdrawal, it extends the rod 71 outwards until the rake member 73, provided in its closed end with a limit switch 74, straddles (as shown in Figure 5A) the conveyor belt 17 carrying the new tube 12B. The feed motion of the conveyor belt 17 is controlled by the carriage 1. As soon as the tube 12B carried by the belt 17 reaches the rack 73 and presses against the limit switch 74, the arm 70 begins to retract the rake member 73 and rotates slightly downwards, to accompany the tube 12B (as shown in Figure 5B) along the chute 18/19 until the presentation position constituted by the cradle is reached. The new tube 12B is positioned only after the tube 12A has been seized and the mobile chute 19 has returned to its presentation position in which it is able to receive the new tube. In this respect, the manipulation arm 51 is shown in its rest position, and the bobbin support arm is shown lowered into its working position. If the chute 18/19 is engaged by only one tube at a time, as shown in the scheme of Figure 5A, the procedure for seizing the tube 12A by the manipulation member is as follows. At the commencement of the procedure, the tube 12A to be seized is positioned in the cradle of the mobile chute 19. The manipulation member is positioned on the carriage 1, and consists essentially of a rotary arm 51 and a gripper member 60 - which are described in detail hereinafter with reference to Figure 7 - these being brought into engagement with the tube 12A. When the gripper member 60 has gripped the tube 12A in the position shown by dashed lines, the mobile chute 19 is opened and moves into the disengagement position shown by dashed lines. The arm 51 is then free to continue its descent movement towards the bobbin support arm 9, and move into the position shown by full lines in which the axis of the tube 12A coincides with the axis of the holding centres 10 and 39, which are withdrawn from each other so as to be able to receive the new tube. When the tube 12A had been correctly positioned, these are closed in order to retain it. The gripper can then be released and the arm 51 be rotated upwards into its rest position shown in Figure 5B. The mobile chute 19 is again closed into its presentation position, in which it can receive the next tube 12B. If the chute 18/19 is engaged by more than one tube at a time, as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the procedure for seizing the tube 12A by the manipulation member is as follows. Four reserve tubes are by way of example shown disposed in the chute 10/19 in Figure 6A. In this method of application of the invention, the manipulation device according to the invention is provided with a supplementary separation member which separates the tube 12A - the first in the row - from the other reserve tubes. It consists of an L-shaped separator lever 50, which by means of a blade formed by its shorter side separates, when rotated downwards, the tube 12A from the other tubes lying on the chute and retains these latter on said chute. This is done before operating the arm 51. The lever 50 is disposed in a position external to the arm 51 so as not to interfere with the movement of this arm or with the gripper 60. When the tubes have been separated, the manipulation procedure already described heretofore can be effected. An important part of the present invention is the manipulation member, which is described with reference to Figures 7A/B, which show a typical non-limiting embodiment thereof. The manipulation member consists of a gripper member 60 and an arm 51 able to rotate about the axis AA - substantially parallel to the axis of the holding centres - to describe the circular trajectory from the rest position indicated in Figure 5B to the seizing position for the tube 12A presented on the cradle of the mobile chute 19, and then to the position for positioning the tube on the bobbin support arm, these positions being indicated in Figure 5A. The gripper member 60 is formed from a lever 61 which is pivoted on 51 by the pin 62 and is positioned - in angular relationship with the arm 51 - such that the locator member 63 rigid with the lever 61 is pressed against the arm 51 by the spring 64. The lever 61 supports the actual gripping elements, known as introduction members, which are at least three in number, and of which at least one opposes the remainder. The bobbin support arm, indicated by 9, carries the fixed holding centre 39 and the mobile holding centre 10 which is shown in its open position to receive the new tube 12A. The lever 61 supports the fixed introduction members 65 and 66, the position of which is adjustable by means of the grub screws 65A and 66A, which are adaptable to any diameter and taper of the tube 12A. Said fixed introduction members oppose the spring-loaded introduction member 67 in an intermediate position between them, for example pivoted on the locator member 63. The described embodiment comprises three introduction members, this being the minimum number required for correct operation. When the arm 51 is lowered towards the bobbin support arm while carrying the tube 12A, the positioner 68 of the lever 61 straddles the holding centre 39 and causes the lever 61 to rotate slightly about the pin 62 - Figure 7B - to position the top end of the tube on the fixed holding centre 39, whereas the bottom end of the tube lies in proximity to the mobile holding centre 10. In this respect it must be noted that the axis of the holding centres on the bobbin support arm 9 is adjusted angularly according to the taper of the bobbins to be handled, and the holding centre 39 can lie at different heights with respect to the mobile holding centre 10. The positioner 68, together with the stop member 69 which is adjustable in height by means of the grub screw 69A, therefore acts as a lead-in for the tube towards the holding centre 39. By adjusting the stop member 69 according to the taper of the tubes to be positioned, the device according to the invention is able to manipulate tubes of variable taper with efficiency and precision. When the mobile holding centre 10 has clamped the tube 12A against the fixed holding centre 39, the lever 51 rises and the spring-loaded introduction member 67 opens during this rising movement to disengage the tube and leave it held by the arm 9. The tube 12A is gripped in the cradle of the mobile chute 19 by the pressure of the introduction member 67 against the tube, the introduction member opening and embracing the tube 12A to position it between itself and the fixed introduction members 65 and 66 which oppose it. In a modified embodiment, the fixed introduction members 65 and 66 can be replaced by spring-loaded introduction members of a type analogous to the introduction member 67. The new tube 12A has thus been positioned, and as its bottom end comes into engagement with the holding centre 10 it clamps the yarn which has previously been moved into the position 80C and grips it when the mobile holding centre 10 closes to lock the bottom end of the tube 12A. With reference to Figures 4A/B, when the holding centre 10 has closed, the cutting device disposed at 91 can be operated. The mobile cutter 93 closes against the fixed cutter 92 to cut the yarn. Of the two yarn tail ends, the end towards the roller 8 is released (it being retained by the holding centre 10) whereas the end towards the bobbin is preferably retained between the two cutters so that it does not interfere with the tube 12A during the yarn connection operation. The arm 90 remains in the position 90C. With reference to Figures 8A/C, the arm 100 is now lowered, this being pivoted on the carriage 1 by means of the pin D so that it rotates in a plane substantially orthogonal to the axis of the tube 12A and is provided with a motor 101 driving the belt 102 which extends between the drive pulley 103 and driven pulley 104. The belt 102 driven by the motor 101 is brought by the arm 100 into engagement with the tube 12A so making it rotate in the direction of the arrow and collect the yarn 80 in the form of closely adjacent turns on the bottom end of the tube according to the position of the introduction member 97. The number of turns wound depends upon the time of operation of the motor 101. Driving the tube 12A by means of the belt device is very advantageous in that it can drive the tube for any position of the bobbin support arm 9 - as shown in Figures 8A/B - and its contact is very delicate such that it cannot damage the tube. The yarn has now been connected and winding can be resumed. According to a preferred application of the invention, the full bobbin to be discharged is retained on the discharge chutes 13/14 by the pivot-mounted lever 41, and its yarn end is retained between the two cutters 92/93 until connection has been completed in order to ensure that this yarn end is controlled at all times and does not become entangled in the machine members, with obvious negative consequences. Only when yarn connection is complete is the bobbin 11 delivered to the belt 15 and removed. The arm 90 moves into the rest position to disengage the introduction member 97. With reference to Figures 3A/E, the arm 9 is now lowered to move the new yarn-connected tube into contact with the drive roller along a generating line thereof. The carriage 1 is moved into a position of non-interference, and winding can be resumed.

Claims: A device for automatically doffing bobbins in a winding machine with a large number of winding heads each one having a bobbin drive roller (8) and a bobbin support arm (9) carrying a fixed and a mobile holding center (39,10), comprising means (13,14,15) for receiving and transporting discharged full bobbins (11), means (16,17) for feeding new empty tubes (12A,12B) to a presentation member (18,19), and a mobile carriage (1) which patrols along the winding machine face, said carriage (1) supporting means (30) for raising the bobbin support arm (9), means for moving apart the fixed and mobile holding centers (39,10), yarn seizing and positioning means (90,91), and a tube gripping and manipulation member (51,60) to transfer a new tube (12A) from the presentation member (18,19) to the bobbin support arm (9) between its holding centers (39,10), characterized in that the bobbin receiving and transporting means comprise a mobile chute (13), a fixed chute (14) and a conveyor (15), said mobile chute (13) being able to be raised in a bobbin receiving position by a member (36) mounted on said carriage (1), that with said chutes (13,14) cooperate bobbin guiding, halting and accompanying members (40,41) pivotally mounted on the carriage (1) to retain and then accommpany the released full bobbins (11) along the chutes (13,14) towards the conveyor (15), that the yarn seizing and positioning means (90,91) comprises an arm (90) rotatable in two substantially orthogonal planes with a member (91) for seizing the yarn from the discharged full bobbin (11) and a member (97) for positioning the yarn on the new tube (12A) so that the yarn can be clamped between the bottom of the tube and one of the holding centers (39,10) of the bobbin support arm (9), and that there are further provided a sliding belt (102) for rotating the new tube (12A) to form a number of yarn turns on the new tube (12A) and a yarn scissor and retaining means (92,93) to cut the yarn after its clamping between the bottom of the new tube (12A) and the holding center (39) and to release the yarn end towards the full bobbin (11) after the yarn turns on the new tube have been formed. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the tube presentation member consists of an articulated chute, of which one part (18) is fixed and one part (19) is mobile, said mobile part (19) being able to assume two positions, namely the position in which the tube (12A) is presented to the manipulation member (51,60), and the disengagement position in which said manipulation member (51, 60) is able to move the tube (12A) towards the bobbin support arm (9). A device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the tube presentation member (18,19) is installed on the mobile carriage (1) and serves the winding head (8,9) to which it is presented as and when required by said carriage (1), in cooperation with the manipulation member (51,60). A device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tube presentation member (18,19) is fixed and positioned in correspondence with the winding head (8,9) to which it is assigned, the number of presentation members (18,19) being equal to the number of winding heads (8,9) of the winding machine. A device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (12A,12B) are fed to the presentation member by a conveyor belt (17) from which a rake-like member (73) mounted on the carriage (1) withdraws the already orientated tubes (12A) and accompanies them onto the chute (18,19) constituting the presentation member. A device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tube manipulation member consists of an arm (51) able to rotate about an axis (A-A) fixed to the carriage (1) substantially parallel to the axis of the holding centers (10,39) on the bobbin support arm (9), and of a gripper member (60) composed of a lever (61) pivoted on the arm (51) and supporting the introduction members constituting the tube gripping members (65-67). A device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the angle between the arm (51) and lever (61) is varied by the effect of a positioner (68) which engages a holding center (39) which is varied in height by varying the angular position of the axis of the bobbin support arm (9), said holding center being preferably the fixed holding center (39). A device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the lever (61) is provided with a stop member (69) adjustable according to the taper of the tube (12A) to be manipulated. A device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that three or more introduction members (65)67) are provided, of which at least one (67) opposes the remainder (65,66) and is disposed in an intermediate position thereto with respect to the lever (61). A device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that of the opposing introduction members (65-67) disposed on one side and the other of the lever (61) at least those disposed on one side are spring-loaded introduction members. A device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that of the opposing introduction members (65-67) at least those disposed on one side of the lever (61) are adjustable to receive tubes (12A) of any diameter and taper. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the tube feeder means consist of a conveyor belt (17) from which an extendable arm (70) mounted on the carriage (1) withdraws one tube (12A) at a time and accompanies it along the presentation member (18,19) by the action of a rod (71) which is orthogonal to the belt (17) and is provided with a rake member (73). A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the yarn seizing member consists of a hook-shaped end part (91) of said arm (90), which hook-shaped part contains the yarn scissor and retaining means (92,93), and that the yarn positioning member consists of an L-shaped member (97) which is able to rotate about the arm (90) and brings that yarn end of the bobbin (11) withdrawn by the hook (91) into a position in front of the mobile holding center (10) of the bobbin support arm (9) in order to be clamped between said mobile holding center (10) and the bottom of the tube (12A) when the tube is positioned between the holding centers (10,39) and these are closed together. A device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the member for rotating the new tube (12A) consists of a motor-driven belt (102) slidable between two pulleys and supported by an arm (100) mounted on the carriage (1) and able to descend in a plane orthogonal to the tube axis to bring said belt (102) into engagement with the tube (12A) and to rotate it. A method for automatically doffing bobbins in a winding machine by the device claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: raising the bobbin support arm removing the full bobbin from the bobbin support arm and leaving the holding centers open inserting the new tube between the holding centers connecting the yarn to the new tube lowering the bobbin support arm, characterized in that the yarn is locked to the new tube by clamping it between the bottom end of this latter and the mobile holding center, and that during the doffing steps the bobbin guiding and accompanying means retain the full bobbin on the chutes of the bobbin receiving and transporting means until the yarn has been connected to the tube. A method as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the yarn wound on the bobbin is cut after being clamped between the bottom end of the tube and a holding center of the bobbin support arm, and that the yarn end towards the bobbin is released from the cutting member when yarn connection to the new tube has been completed.

Inventors: BADIALI, ROBERTO, COLLI, LUIGI
Applicants: SAVIO S.P.A.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: B65H67
IPC codes: B65H67, B65H65