Data transmission system

Abstract: A data transmission system comprising a transmitter which has functions for encoding image data and transmitting it as one unit data, and a receiver which is connected to the transmitter over a communication line and has functions for sending its minimum transmission time to the transmitter and receiving one unit data from the transmitter, wherein the transmitter has minimum transmission time detecting means for detecting the minimum transmission time of the receiver connected to the transmitter, subtraction means for calculating deviations by subtracting the time required for transmitting each one unit data from the minimum transmission time detected by the minimum transmission time detecting means, accumulating means for storing cumulatively deviations calculated by the subtraction means and addition means for adding nul information to the one unit of data transmitted only when the sum of the deviations become less than zero.

Description: This invention relates to a data transmission system which encodes and transmits image information by using facsimile apparatus or other similar information transmission equipments. In general, the Group 3 facsimile apparatus for document transmission are designed to transmit image information in accordance with the control procedure and the transmitting method stipulated in CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) Recommendations T.30 and T.4 (see also JP-A-60 112 373 which forms the priority document of US-A- 4 138 693 and see also EP-A-0 084 459).. Recommendation T.4 in CCITT stipulates the minimum transmission time of a total coded scan line (hereinafter called a line). In fact, the minimum transmission time of one line should conform the standard of 20 milliseconds with other times such as 10 milliseconds and 5 milliseconds also approved as options. The identification and choice of this minimum transmission time are communicated between the transmitting and receiving facsimile apparatus by the premessage procedure which conforms to the control procedure of CCITT Recommendation T.30. The minimum transmission time is chiefly determined by the recording speed and the code buffer capacity which stores transmitted codes of the facsimile apparatus on the receiving side. In general, the facsimile apparatus holds interrally such information. A line of image information is composed of a series of variable length code words. Each code word represents a run length of either all white or all black. White runs and black runs alternate. The end-of-line (hereinafter called EOL) code word is inserted between data code words which correspond to the image information in a line and data code words which correspond to the image information in the next line. This EOL code word is added before data code words. In the case that the time required for transmitting the above-mentioned data code words and the EOL code word is less than the minimum transmission time, Fill code word is added after the data code words. This ensures that a line with a small quantity of data code words has its transmission time extended beyond the minimum transmission time. Fig. 3 shows the relationship of such code words. Fig. 3(1) explains the relationship among the transmitted code words which correspond to the first several lines of a manuscript image to be transmitted and Fig. 3(2) explains the relationship among the transmitted code words which correspond to the last line on the first page. The minimum transmission time ΔT per encoded line is determined by the pre-message procedure between the facsimile apparatuses on the transmitting side and the receiving side. After the pre-message procedure including determination of the minimum transmission time ΔT etc., image information of the first line is transmitted. The transmitted code words of the first line consist of the EOL code word and the data code words D1. For example, the time ΔT1 required for transmitting the code words of the first line is longer than the minimum transmission time ΔT. The transmitted code words of the second line consist of the EOL code word, the data code words D2 and the Fill code word which represents nul information. The time ΔT2a required for transmitting the EOL code word and the data code word D2 is shorter than the minimum transmission time ΔT. Therefore, the Fill code word is added. In this way, the time ΔT2 required for transmitting the code words of the second line is longer than the minimum transmission time ΔT. As described above, in the case that the time required for transmitting the data code words and the EOL code word of a line is shorter than the minimum transmission time ΔT, the Fill code word is added to make the above-mentioned time longer than the minimum transmission time ΔT like the aforementioned second line. Six EOL code words are normally added after the data code words of the last line on a page. The end of a document transmission is signified by sending six consecutive EOLs (the RTC signal) to the receiving facsimile apparatus. Following the RTC signal, the post-message procedure starts. In the data transmission system as mentioned above, the Fill code word is inserted when there are only a few data words on a line, and the time required for transmitting the EOL code word and the data code words is shorter than the minimum transmission time ΔT. This Fill code word does not result in the transmission of any actual image and as explained above is inserted for the purpose of making the time required for transmitting a line longer than the minimum transmission time ΔT. However, the time required for transmitting the total manuscript image is nevertheless made longer by this method. The facsimile apparatus disclosed in the JP-A-56043863 has a memory which stores the destination numbers of terminal locations and the specific parameters necessary to communicate with those terminals and a means to judge whether the communication parameters of the destination number is stored or not when the number is input. As shown in JP-A-53 122 312, even if the Fill code word is added to data code words in the decoding circuit of the variable length code words, such facsimile apparatus as is able to securely detect the EOL code word in the same circuit is known. However, the above-mentioned problem can not be solved with these facsimile apparatuses. It is an object of the present invention to provide a data transmission system by which data transmitting speed is improved remarkably minimizing the transmission of nul information which is normally inserted to make the time required for transmitting one unit data longer than the minimum transmission time in a data transmission system in which the minimum transmission time is set in accordance with the processing speed and other conditions of equipment specific to the receiving side apparatus. The present invention is as set out in the claims, wherein the precharacterizing part is based on DE-A- 3 606 661. The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the basic composition of facsimile apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is an illustration to explain data transmission made by the embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 3 is an illustration to explain data transmission made by the conventional facsimile apparatus. Basically a receiver and a transmitter of the present invention may have the same composition as the facsimile apparatus which meets the standard requirements of CCITT Group 3. The facsimile apparatus should have a key input component for inputting facsimile numbers and others, a scanner for reading manuscript images, an image information processor for encoding the read manuscript images for transmission, a communicating component for transmitting encodes images, and a recorder for printing received images on paper and the functions for transmitting manuscript images and recording transmitted images on paper. The one unit data of the present invention is basically composed of data code words which are encoded image information and the EOL code word which is transmitted prior to the transmission of data code words. When the case arises that it is necessary to add nul information to encode a line of image information. The one unit data is composed of the data code words, the EOL code word and nul information. The addition means of the present invention does not add nul information to every one unit data which has a shorter transmission time than the minimum transmission time, but only when at least two or more one unit data are transmitted, the addition means adds nul information to the one unit data transmitted at the point in time when the accumulated value of all the deviations between the time required for transmitting each one unit data and the minimum transmission time becomes less than zero. Therefore, if we compare the case where nul information is added whenever the transmission time of one unit data becomes shorter than the minimum transmission time, nul information which is included in transmission image information becomes few and data transmitting speed is improved remarkably. Next, the embodiment of the facsimile apparatus 1 which is the transmitter of the present invention will be described with Fig. 1. A reader 2 which includes, for example, a CCD (charge coupled device) having 1728 picture elements, reads every unit picture element of manuscript images and every line, creating binary codes for the brightness value which corresponds to the brightness of each unit picture element as data either as "0" or "1", for example, and outputs it to a line memory 3. Binary coding for the brightness values correspond to white or black of each unit picture element. Change points from white picture elements to black picture elements or from black ones to white ones are detected by a main controller 16, composed of a microcomputer and a change point detecting circuit 5 which follows the line memory 3 and thus the image of binary code information becomes data code words which represent specific white or black run lengths. The main controller 16 controls an encoding circuit 4 and the encoding circuit 4 generates the code data which corresponds to white or black run length and outputs the code data to a code buffer 6. A Fill insertion control circuit 7 changes the setting of the minimum transmission time T0 as mentioned below. It depends upon the number of change points in a line obtained by the change point detecting circuit 5 and the main controller 16. For instance, when the number of change points is extremely few, this indicates that the line does not include black picture elements. Data code words on a line which has been read are directed to the Fill insertion control circuit 7 by the encoding circuit 4. In a subtraction circuit 17 the minimum transmission time T0 detected by the minimum transmission time detecting circuit 10 mentioned later is subtracted from the time required for transmitting the data code words, by referring to the length of the sum of the data code words and the EOL code word added thereto, thereby calculating a particular deviation. A counter 15 which is an accumulating means which cumulatively stores the quantity of codes which correspond to the deviation of the time required for transmitting data code words to the minimum transmission time T0. Based on the quantity of the codes accumulated in this way, the quantity of codes of the data code words given by the encoding circuit 4 and the minimum transmission time T0, the quantity of codes of the Fill code word to be inserted is calculated and the Fill code words in the quantity of codes thus calculated are given to the code buffer 6. An output of the code buffer 6 is given to a transmission control circuit 8. The transmission control circuit 8 controls data transmission to a facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side over a telephone communication line 9. When transmission codes including data code words etc., are transmitted, the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side gives data transmission control information to the transmission control circuit 8 over the telephone line 9. The data transmission control information includes the particular recording time of the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side and information regarding the minimum transmission time T0 which is determined by the capacity of the code buffer and other factors. The minimum transmission time T0 is detected in the minimum transmission time detecting circuit 10 which is connected to the transmission control circuit 8. An output of the minimum transmission time detecting circuit 10 is directed to the Fill insertion control circuit 7. The transmission codes directed to the transmission control circuit 8 of the facsimile apparatus 1 over the telephone line 9 are stored in a code buffer 11 when they are received. Output from the code buffer 11 is subsequently directed to a decoding circuit 12 and changed to a binary code image for each picture element and this information is directed to a line memory 13. Output from the line memory 13 is directed to a recorder 14 which comprises a thermal head, for example, and the manuscript images are recorded on recording paper (not shown). The transmission control circuit 8 retains information on the processing speed of the particular facsimile apparatus 1 at the time of receiving, which depends on the recording speed of the particular recorder 14, and the capacity of the code buffer 11. Such information is transmitted to a facsimile apparatus on the transmitting side over the telephone line 9 at the time of receiving, thereby the facsimile apparatus on the transmitting side establishes the minimum transmission time. In the Fill insertion control circuit 7, the minimum transmission time is controlled by the main controller 16 so that is changes between the minimum transmission time T0 given by the minimum transmission time detecting circuit 10 and the time which is half the minimum transmission time T0. Therefore, the main controller 16 functions as a minimum transmission time changing means. In the case where the number of change points detected by the change point detecting circuit 5 is extremely few in number indicating that there are no black picture elements in a read line, for example, the minimum transmission time is controlled as mentioned above because the decoding process in the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side can be accommodated rapidly enough. In the case that the minimum transmission time T0 is detected to be 20 milliseconds in the minimum transmission time detecting circuit 10, according to the information given by the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side, the minimum transmission time is changed between 20 milliseconds and 10 milliseconds in the Fill insertion control circuit 7 and in a line where all picture elements are white, the minimum transmission time is made to be 10 milliseconds. Fig. 2 is an illustration which explains data transmission made by the embodiment where transmission codes transmitted by the facsimile apparatus 1 are shown. The transmission control circuit 8 receives data transmission control information from the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side in accordance with the pre-message procedure. Based on this data transmission control information, the minimum transmission time T0 which corresponds to the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side is detected in the minimum transmission time detecting circuit 10 and the output is directed to the Fill insertion control circuit 7. After that, when the transmission codes start being transmitted, the EOL code word is transmitted prior to the data code d1. The transmission codes of the first line are composed of the EOL code word and the data code d1 but the time required for its transmission T1 is longer than the minimum transmission time T0. In this case, the Fill insertion control circuit 7 comes into play and the quantity codes which corresponds to (T1 - T0) are accumulated in the counter 15. After the transmission codes which correspond to the first line are transmitted, the EOL code word is transmitted again and then data code d2 of the second line is transmitted successively. In other words, the transmission codes of the second line are composed of the EOL code word and the data code d2. Although the time T2 required for transmitting the transmission codes of the second line is shorter than the minimum transmission time T0, the transmission codes of the second line do not include the Fill code word because T1 + T2 > 2 X T0 The minimum transmission time T0 corresponds to the processing speed of the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side. Even when the time required for transmitting the transmission codes of the second line is shorter than the minimum transmission time T0, the time required for transmitting the transmission codes of the first line is sufficiently long so that the above mentioned Inequality (1) is true, the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side is able to accommodate sufficiently without having to add the Fill code word to the transmission codes of the second line. In the case that the accumulated deviations Δ (accumulation of deviations of the time required for transmitting transmission codes to the minimum transmission time T0) which correspond to the quantity of the codes accumulated in the counter 15 fulfills the following condition, Δ ≧ 0, the Fill insertion control circuit 7 does not insert the Fill code words into the transmission codes and in the case of a following condition, Δ < 0, the Fill insertion control circuit 7 inserts the Fill code word which corresponds to the absolute value of the accumulated deviations Δ into the transmission codes. When the transmission codes of the first line are transmitted, the accumulated deviations Δ are, for example, Δ = T1 - T0 and when the transmission codes of the second line are transmitted, the accumulated deviations Δ are as follows. Therefore, when the above-mentioned Inequality (1) holds true, the Inequality (2) also holds true and consequently the Fill code word is not inserted into the transmission codes of the second line. After the transmission of the transmission codes of the second line is completed, the EOL code word is transmitted again and then data code d3 of the third line is transmitted. The time required for transmitting the data code d3 of the third line and the EOL code word T3a is shorter than the minimum transmission time T0 and therefore in this case, the accumulated deviation Δ are as follows. Therefore, the Fill code word having the length which corresponds to the absolute value of the accumulated deviations Δ shown in the Equation (6) is inserted in this case and the transmission codes of the third line are composed of the EOL code word, the data code d3 and the Fill code word. The time T3 required for transmitting the transmission codes of the third line is selected to be the shortest value that fulfills the following condition. T1 + T2 + T3 ≧ 3 X T0 As a result, the time required for transmitting the transmission codes of the first line through the third line becomes more than three times the minimum transmission time T0. Therefore, the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side is able to accommodate sufficiently. At this time the accumulated deviations Δ are reset and the value becomes 0. In other words, the counter 15 is reset by a signal from the main controller 16 and the count value of the counter 15 becomes 0. After the transmission codes of the third line are finished being transmitted, data code d4 of the fourth line starts to be transmitted, after the EOL code word. Since the time required for transmitting the EOL code word and the data d4 is longer than the minimum transmission time T0, the transmission codes of the fourth line are composed of the EOL code word and the data code d4. A required transmission time T4 is as follows. T4 > T0 The accumulated deviations Δ are reset at the time of the transmission codes of the third line, and the accumulated deviation Δ becomes as follows. Δ = T4 - T0 Similar processing is performed thereafter. The Fill code word is not inserted while the Inequality (2) holds true. In the line where the Inequality (3) holds true, the Fill code word is inserted and the accumulated deviations Δ are reset. After data code dn of the last line on a page is finished being transmitted, six EOL code words are transmitted in succession thereby the facsimile apparatus 18 on the receiving side recognizes the end of data transmission on that page. After that, the control signal of the post-message procedure commences. In the embodiment, deviations of a required transmission time to the minimum transmission time T0 is accumulated in the Fill insertion control circuit 7 and the accumulated deviations Δ are obtained as mentioned above. In the case that these accumulated deviations Δ fulfill the Inequality (2), that is, when the total time required for transmitting continuous m lines is more than m times the minimum transmission time T0, the Fill code word is not inserted. In the case that the accumulated deviations Δ fulfill the Inequality (3), the Fill code word is inserted into the transmission codes which correspond to the line at the point of time when the accumulated deviations Δ fulfill the Inequality (3). Therefore, the Fill code word is not inserted when the time required for transmitting the transmission codes of each line is shorter than the minimum transmission time T0, but it is inserted only when the Inequality (3) holds true. For this reason, the quantity of the Fill code words is decreased overall and consequently compared with the conventional data transmission system, the transmitting speed of the transmission codes is greatly improved. As described above, in the data transmission system in which the minimum transmission time is established according to the processing speed of a receiver, the present invention decreases the quantity of nul information which is inserted so that the time required for transmitting one unit data exceeds the minimum transmission time and thus the data transmitting speed is improved remarkably.

Claims: A data transmission system comprising a transmitter (1) for encoding image data and transmitting it as one unit of data, and including means (10) for detecting a minimum transmission time (MTT) sent from the receiver; and a receiver for connection to the transmitter over a communication line (9) and having means for sending its MTT to the transmitter and receiving one data unit from the transmitter, CHARACTERISED IN THAT the transmitter includes means (17) for calculating deviations (3) by subtracting the MTT from the time required for transmitting each data unit; accumulating means (15) for storing cumulatively deviations calculated by the subtraction means; means (7) for adding nul information to a transmitted data unit only when the sum of the deviations becomes less than zero; means for detecting change points (16) in lines of image information to be transmitted; and MTT changing means (16) for outputting a MTT shorter than the detected MTT to the substraction means when the number of change points detected is low, whereby a low number of detected change points within a line provokes the transmission of a blank line. A data transmission system according to Claim 1 wherein both transmitter and receiver are composed of facsimile apparatus.

Inventors: HACHINODA MASAYUKI, KOTANI MATAHIRA, MATSUMOTO MASAFUMI, NAKAJIRI TAKASHI, HACHINODA, MASAYUKI, KOTANI, MATAHIRA, MATSUMOTO, MASAFUMI, NAKAJIRI, TAKASHI
Applicants: SHARP KK, SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1988
Main classification: H04N1
IPC codes: H04N1, H04L29