Method for operating vacuum cleaner

Abstract: In a vacuum cleaner comprising an electric blower (24) and a speed control unit (32) to operate the electric blower at a variable speed, a plurality of kinds of operation control rules of the electric blower are previously stored into the speed control unit, a load current value of the electric blower is always detected during the cleaning and the state of the surface to be cleaned is estimated from the load current value. Thereafter, the operation control rule suitable for the estimated cleaning surface is selected from the operation control rules stored in the speed control unit and the electric blower is rotated on the basis of the selected operation control rule.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of operating a vacuum cleaner. In a general vacuum cleaner, the input is constant to a suction airflow amount irrespective of the state of the surface to be cleaned. Therefore, the optimum control of the control which is comfortable to the user cannot be performed depending on the surface to be cleaned or object to be cleaned because the suction force is too strong or weak. Such a problem can be solved, for instance, controlling the input in accordance with the state of the surface to be cleaned, thereby adjusting the suction airflow amount of the vacuum cleaner. As means for adjusting the suction airflow amount of the vacuum cleaner, means for variably setting the rotational speed of the electric blower for driving is first considered. A method of controlling the phase by using a thyristor or a method of controlling the phase by an inverter has been known as a method of varying the rotational speed of the electric blower. The vacuum cleaner disclosed in JP-A-59-146632 belongs to the former kind, in which the operating mode can be selected in accordance with the states of various kinds of floor surfaces to be cleaned. According to the vacuum cleaner disclosed in JP-A-56-34325, it is detected that a suction port was absorbed to the cleaning surface or a filter was clogged, and the rotational speed of the motor is controlled in accordance with a predetermined operation control rule (hereinafter, simply referred to as a control rule). The foregoing Japanese official gazette (JP-A-59-146632) discloses that the operating mode can be selected in accordance with the suction airflow amount. However, various kinds of operating modes are set merely by adjusting an input by the phase control and nothing is disclosed with respect to that the optimum operation is performed by changing the fundamental characteristic of the electric blower automatically. The electric blower consisting of an AC commutator motor which is used in a general vacuum cleaner has a series-wound characteristic as shown in Fig. 3. In the case of cleaning the floor plate surface by such a motor, when the suction port of the vacuum cleaner is absorbed to the floor plate surface, an airflow amount Q decreases and a rotational speed N of the electric blower increases and the absorbing force further increases, so that the comfortable cleaning cannot be performed. Even if the input of the electric blower is reduced by the phase control to change the characteristic as shown by a broken line in Fig. 3, no change occurs in the series-wound characteristic such that the rotational speed N increases with a decrease in airflow amount Q. Consequently, the suction port is absorbed on the side of a small airflow amount similarly to the above-mentioned case and the comfortable cleaning cannot be performed. According to the control system of JP-A-56-34325 mentioned above, the control is performed in accordance with a predetermined control rule with a fixed function or gain such as to be proportional or inversely proportional to the amount of change of an operation parameter (for instance, airflow amount, pressure, current, etc.) of the cleaner which changes depending on the use condition. Therefore, when the condition changes, an inconvenience occurs. Such an inconvenience will now be described with reference to suction characteristic graphs shown in Fig. 12. In Fig. 12, an axis of abscissa denotes the suction airflow amount Q and an axis of ordinates indicates the rotational speed N, an electric power W, and a suction static pressure H of the electric blower. For instance, it is now assumed that the control rule is set to a pattern such that when it is detected by an increase in suction static pressure H that a curtain or the like is absorbed to the suction port and the cleaner is set to a state near the closed state, the rotational speed N or electric power W is controlled so as to reduce the suction static pressure H as shown by a broken line in the diagram, thereby preventing the absorption of the curtain or the like. When the suction port is absorbed to the carpet floor in the use state in which a strong suction force is required as in the case of a carpet floor or the like, the electric blower is controlled so as to reduce the suction force in a manner similar to the foregoing case, so that there occurs an inconvenience such that the necessary suction force is not delivered. On the other hand, it is desirable to control the suction force and noises by properly controlling in accordance with the favor of a user or various kinds of use conditions such as difference between the physical strengths of persons who use (adult and child) or use time zone (day and night). However, there is a problem such that it is impossible to perform such a proper control by a single control rule as in the conventional technique. DE-A-2 032 476 discloses a method of operating a vacuum cleaner having at least an electric blower and a speed control unit for operating said electric blower at a variable speed, wherein an operation control rule for the electric blower is previously stored in said speed control unit, a load current value of the electric blower is always detected, the state of a surface to be cleaned is estimated from said load current value during the cleaning. It is the object of the present invention to provide a method of operating a vacuum cleaner in which a suction airflow amount is optimally controlled in accordance with the state of the surface to be cleaned or an object to be cleaned in consideration to the foregoing problems. This object is accomplished with a method as claimed in claim 1. Dependent claims are directed on features of preferred embodiments of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a control block diagram of a vacuum cleaner drive apparatus making use of the method of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing mainly a control section of an electric blower; Fig. 3 is a performance curve diagram of the electric blower; Figs. 4A and 4B are change state diagrams of a load current of the electric blower depending on the state of the surface to be cleaned; Figs. 5 to 9 are performance curve diagrams of the electric blower due to the difference of operation control rule; Fig. 10 is a block arrangement diagram of a main section in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 11 is a whole arrangement diagram of the embodiment of Fig. 10; Figs. 12 to 15 are diagrams showing objective value functions according to the control rules in the embodiment shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 16 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a signal processing apparatus in the embodiment of Fig. 10; Fig. 17 is an external view of a switching apparatus in the embodiment of Fig. 10; Fig. 18 is an external view showing a modification of a switching apparatus; Fig. 19 is a block arrangement diagram of a use section in another embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 20 is an external view of a main section in the embodiment of Fig. 19. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A vaccum cleaner for implementation of the method of the present invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to Figs. 1 to 9. In a general vacuum cleaner, an AC commutator motor has conventionally mainly been used as a motor of an electric blower. In recent years, a variable speed control system using a phase control unit is frequently used in order to realize a high rotational speed and to adjust the suction power in accordance with the kind of surface (boarding, tatami, carpet etc.) to be cleaned. As another means for performing a variable speed control, there has been known a system consisting of a combination of an inverter control unit and a brushless DC motor, an induction motor, a reactance motor, or a hysteresis motor. The present embodiment which will be explained hereinafter uses the variable speed control system in which the inverter control unit and brushless DC motor are combined. Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic arrangement of the control unit. Fig. 2 shows a control circuit. In Fig. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes an inverter control unit and 2 indicates an AC power source. The AC power source 2 is rectified by a rectifier 3 and smoothed by a capacitor 4 and a DC voltage E d is supplied to an inverter 5. The inverter 5 is a 120° current supplying type inverter comprising transistors TR₁ to TR₆ and flywheel diodes D₁ to D₆ connected to the transistors. The current supplying period of time (electrical angle of 120°) of the transistors TR₁ to TR₃ on the positive potential side of the DC voltage E d is pulse width modulated and the chopper operation is executed, thereby controlling the AC output voltage. A resistor R₁ is connected between a common emitter terminal of the transistors TR₄ to TR₆ and a common anode terminal of the flywheel diodes D₄ to D₆. A brushless DC motor 6 has a rotor R consisting of permanent magnets of two polarities and armature windings U, V, and W. A load current I d flowing through the windings U, V, and W can be detected as a voltage drop of the resistor R₁. A control circuit to control the rotational speed of the motor 6 comprises: a microcomputer 7; a magnetic pole position detecting circuit 11 to detect the magnetic pole position of the rotor R by receiving an output from a hall device 8; a current detecting circuit 12 to detect the value of the load current I d from the voltage drop of the resistor R₁; a base driver 13 to drive the transistors TR₁ to TR₆; and a start switch 14 which is operated by an actual user. The current detecting circuit 12 receives the voltage drop of the resistor R₁ and detects the load current I d and forms a current detection signal 12S by an A/D converter or the like. The microcomputer 7 includes a CPU 7-1, an ROM 7-2, and an RAM 7-3. Although not shown, the CPU, ROM, and RAM are mutually connected by an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. Programs necessary to drive the brushless DC motor 6, for instance, a fetching process of an arithmetic operation processing speed command of a speed, a speed control process, and the like are stored in the ROM 7-2. The ROM 7-2 has a function table 15 in which a plurality of operation control rules are stored. On the other hand, the RAM 7-3 is used to read and write various kinds of external data necessary to execute various programs stored in the ROM 7-2. The transistors TR₁ to TR₆ are respectively driven by the base driver 13 in accordance with a firing signal 7S which was processed and produced by the microcomputer 7. A voltage command circuit 16 produces a chopper signal. In the brushless DC motor 6, a winding current flowing through a stator winding corresponds to an output torque of the motor 6. Therefore, by contrarily changing an applied current, the output torque can be varied. That is, by adjusting the applied current, the output torque of the motor 6 can be continuously arbitrarily changed. On the other hand, the rotational speed can be freely changed by changing a driving frequency of an inverter. Fig. 3 shows characteristic curves of a vacuum cleaner using an electric blower having a general series-wound characteristic. In Fig. 3, an axis of abscissa denotes a wind amount Q (m³/min) and an axis of ordinate represents a suction power P out indicative of the suction performance, the rotational speed N of the electric blower, and the load current I d thereof. For instance, when the floor plate surface is cleaned, an absorption degree of the suction port rises and the airflow amount Q decreases. When the suction port is away from the floor plate surface, the airflow amount Q increases. Since the suction port is repetitively absorbed to and removed from the floor during the actual cleaning, the increase and decrease in the load current I d and rotational speed N are repeated. Figs. 4(a) and 4(b) show fluctuating states of the load current I d during the cleaning. Fig. 4(a) shows the fluctuating state of the load current Id on the floor plate surface. Fig. 4(b) shows the fluctuating state of the load current I d on the carpet. As will be obvious from the diagrams, in the fluctuating range of the load current I d , the maximum value I₁₁ on the floor plate surface and the maximum value I₁₃ on the carpet have almost the same values. The minimum value I₁₂ on the floor plate surface is smaller than the minimum value I₁₄ on the carpet. Therefore, the fluctuating range of the load current I d on the carpet is smaller than that on the floor plate surface. This is because since the air leaks from among the carpet pile, the suction port is not so strongly absorbed onto the carpet as compared with the floor plate surface, so that a reduction in airflow amount on the carpet is small, a decrease in load current I d is small, and the fluctuating range of the load current I d is small. As mentioned above, the fluctuating range of the load current of the electric blower in the vacuum cleaner varies depending on the state of the surface to be cleaned or the like. Therefor, for instance, by storing the maximum and minimum values (I₁₁ and I₁₃; I₁₂ and I₁₄; and the like) of the load current I d into the ROM 7-2 or RAM 7-3 and by comparing the fluctuating ranges of the load current Id when the electric blower is actually operated, the state of the cleaning surface can be estimated. In a manner similar to the above, the state of the cleaning surface can be also estimated by detecting the rotational speed of the electric blower. However, since a change timing of the rotational speed is delayed due to the inertia, there is a problem such that it is impossible to cope with the state of the cleaning surface which instantaneously changes during the cleaning. In the detecting time of the cleaning surface, if the characteristic of the electric blower is set to a shunt-wound characteristic as shown in Fig. 5, the cleaning surface can be more accurately estimated because the ratio of the change in load current to the change in torque of the electric blower is larger than that of the series-wound characteristic. If the characteristic of the electric blower according to the state of the cleaning surface is set to the series-wound characteristic as shown in Fig. 3, when the suction port is absorbed to the floor plate surface and the airflow amount Q decreases upon cleaning of the floor plate surface or the like, the rotational speed N of the electric blower increases and the absorbing force further increases, so that the operating efficiency deteriorates. In the case of cleaning a curtain or the like, the operating efficiency further deteriorates. Therefore, in the case of the floor plate surface, if the electric blower has the shunt-wound characteristic as shown in Fig. 5, even if the suction port is absorbed, the rotational speed N is constant, so that the absorbing force does not increase and the operating efficiency does not deteriorate either. In the case of the curtain, if the electric blower has a characteristic as shown in Fig. 6 which is opposite to the series-wound characteristic, the curtain is not absorbed to the suction port even during the cleaning of the curtain and the comfortable cleaning can be executed. However, in the case of a carpet, particularly, a carpet having long carpet pile, since the air leaks from among the carpet pile, the suction port is not absorbed to the carpet. Thus, the cleaner can be operated at the maximum power. As shown in Fig. 7, if the characteristic of the electric blower is set in a manner such that even if the airflow amount Q decreases, the fluctuating range of the load current I d is small and an increase amount of the rotational speed N is set to be larger than that of the series-wound characteristic of Fig. 3, that is, if it is set to a characteristic so as to provide a larger power than that of the electric blower having the ordinary series-wound characteristic, a preferable cleaning performance can be derived. Fig. 8 shows characteristics of the electric blower which are suitable for four typical cleaning surfaces such as floor plate, tatami (Japanese mat), carpet, and curtain, respectively. Fig. 9 shows a characteristic in which the cleaner can be operated in a power saving mode. When the airflow amount is large, that is, when the suction port is away from the cleaning surface and is open, or on the contrary, when the suction port is absorbed to the cleaning surface or when a curtain, a paper, or the like is stuck to the suction port, or the like, in a state in which no dust is actually absorbed, the input is reduced to thereby prevent the consumption of the vain electric power in the power saving mode. The characteristic can be also changed depending on the condition such as a user (adult, child), time (day, night), or the like. In order to obtain the electric blower characteristics according to the states of various kinds of cleaning surfaces and the cleaning conditions mentioned above, the foregoing various kinds of operation control rules of the electric blower are first stored into the ROM 7-2 of the microcomputer 7, the optimum operation control rule is automatically selected from the operation control rules on the basis of the result of the estimation of the cleaning surface by the detection of the load current, and the electric blower is operated and controlled by the selected operation control rule. Thus, the user can perform easy cleaning. As a method of selecting the optimum operation control rule by automatically detecting the state of the floor surface or cleaning state, the more accurate detection and discrimination can be performed by a method whereby the characteristic of the electric blower is switched to the shunt-wound characteristic at every predetermined period, the ratio of the current change to the load change is set to a large value, the detection and discrimination are executed, the optimum operation control rule is selected, the operation control rule is switched, and the above procedure is sequentially repeated. On the other hand, if the user can properly switch and select a desired operation control rule of the electric blower, each user can clean on the basis of a desired characteristic. According to the embodiment, the following advantages can be expected. (1) The load current of the electric blower is always detected during the cleaning, the state of a cleaning surface or a cleaning object is estimated from the change mode based on the change in load current in a predetermined time, the operation control rule which most suitable for the estimated condition is selected, and the blower can be operated and controlled on the basis of the optimum operation control rule. (2) By setting the characteristic of the electric blower to the shunt-wound characteristic when detecting the load current of the electric blower, a change ratio of the load current due to a change in cleaning condition increases. Therefore, the state of the cleaning surface can be further accurately estimated. In addition, various kinds of cleaning surfaces can be distinguished. (3) The period of time to detect the current change mode is set to a short time by switching the characteristic of the electric blower to the shunt-wound characteristic and the detection is repeated at every predetermined period. Thus, the cleaning condition can be detected without obstructing the operation by the optimum operation control rule to be inherently controlled. Further, the operation control rule to be selected is updated while checking the change in cleaning condition at every predetermined period. Therefore, the optimum operating condition can be always accomplished. (4) The electric blower which is operated and controlled by the operation control rule adapted to the state of the cleaning surface estimated is operated and controlled not only by the input adjustment due to the conventional phase control but also by the characteristic of the electric blower itself, for instance, the characteristic such as series-wound characteristic or shunt-wound characteristic or the like which is suitable for the state of the cleaning surface. The cleaning which is suitable for the optimum operating condition or comfortable for a user can be realized. Another embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 10 to 20. As shown in Fig. 11, a cleaner main body 21 consists of a main body casing 22 and a dust collector casing 23. An electric blower 24 and a control unit 25 are assembled in the casing 22. The dust collector casing 23 is partitioned by a dust filter 26. The dust collector casing 23 is communicated with a suction port 29 through a hose 27 and an extension pipe 28. The control unit 25 is constructed as shown in Fig. 10. An AC voltage which is supplied from an AC power source 30 is converted into a voltage for each of the apparatuses in the cleaner by a power supply apparatus 31. An electric power is supplied from the power supply apparatus 31 to the electric blower 24 through a blower control unit 32. The blower control unit 32 controls a current, a rotational speed, a voltage, etc. of the electric blower 24 on the basis of control amount signals which are output from a command generating apparatus 33. The command generating apparatus 33 comprises: a plurality of memories 34 (34a, 34b, 34c, 34d) serving as control rule generating means in which control rules (objective value functions and the like) are stored; a switching apparatus 35 to select one of the memories 34; and a signal processing apparatus 36 for performing a predetermined signal process on the basis of the objective value function or the like which is given from the selected memory 34 and for outputting a control amount signal for the electric blower 24. An operation parameter signal of the cleaner which was detected by a detecting apparatus 37 is input to the signal processing apparatus 36. The detecting apparatus 37 detects various kinds of operation parameters such as voltage, current, and rotational speed which vary depending on the operating state of the electric blower 24, or pressure, wind amount, and the like in the respective sections of the vacuum cleaner main body. Then, the detecting apparatus 37 inputs the detected operation parameters to the signal processing apparatus 36. The control rules such as objective value functions and the like in which the correlation among various kinds of operation parameters of the cleaner shown in Figs. 3 to 6 is set are stored in the memories 34a to 34d, respectively. The signal processing apparatus 36 outputs a control amount command value to the blower control unit 32 so as to make the detected operation parameters which are input from the detecting apparatus 37 coincide with the objective values which are determined in accordance with the control rule. Each of the memories 34 can be constructed by an analog electric circuit to generate the signal of the objective value function or the like according to the control rule or can be also realized by what is called a digital memory consisting of a semiconductor integrated circuit to store a program software or data values by combining with a microcomputer. The signal processing apparatus 36 in the embodiment can be constructed by a microcomputer. The operation of the embodiment with the foregoing construction will now be described. The case where a control rule shown in Fig. 12 is selected by the switching apparatus 35 will now be described as an example. Fig. 12 shows the control rule suitable for the case where there are many cleaning surfaces which are likely to be absorbed to the suction port 29, such as in the case of a curtain, a newspaper, or the like. As shown in the diagram, when the airflow amount Q in the suction port section extremely decreases by the absorotion and the cleaner is set to a state near the closed state, the electric power W is reduced as shown by a broken line in the diagram, thereby reducing the suction static pressure H and preventing the absorption. In other words, as shown in Fig. 12, when the suction wind amount Q enters the operating range of point P or less, the occurrence of the absorption of the suction port is detected and the electric power W is decreased as indicated by the broken line shown in the diagram, thereby reducing the suction static pressure H. The suction airflow amount Q is detected by the following method. In consideration of the fact that the airflow amount Q correlates to the current of the electric blower 24 and the current is proportional to the electric power W, the airflow amount Q can be detected by the current value from such a tendency that the electric power W decreases with a reduction of the suction airflow amount Q as indicated by the solid line shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, the objective value function or the like regarding the current is previously stored into the memories 34 and compared with the current detection value which is input from the detecting apparatus 37. A voltage command value for the electric blower 24 is determined so as to obtain the characteristic shown by the broken line in Fig. 12 and is output to the blower control unit 32. An example of the signal processing procedure will now be described with reference to Fig. 16. In step 102 in Fig. 16, the current detection value is fetched. The current detection value is compared with the upper and lower limit values as the current objective values which have previously been stored in the memory 34 in steps 104 and 108, thereby deciding whether the suction airflow amount Q has entered the operating range of point P or less in Fig. 12 or not. At the same time, the voltage command value corresponding to the operating range is output to the blower control unit 32 (step 112). If the current detection value is the lower limit value or less by the foregoing process, the present lower limit value is set to the upper limit value in step 110, the lower limit value is rewritten to a further lower value which is lower by a predetermined value, and the voltage command value is set to a lower value on the basis of the rewritten lower limit value. By repeating the above processes, the electric power W is reduced in accordance with the reduction of the suction airflow amount Q, the increase in suction static pressure H is suppressed, the absorbing force of the suction port is reduced, and thereby enabling dusts to be easily removed from a curtain or the like without sticking the curtain to the suction port. If the absorbing state is released, the airflow amount Q increases and the current also increases due to the increase in wind amount. Therefore, in a manner opposite to the foregoing procedure, the upper limit value is sequentially rewritten in step 106 and the electric power W or the like is increased in accordance with the characteristic shown by the broken line in Fig. 12. The solid line shown in the characteristic diagram of Fig. 12 or the like denotes the characteristic in the case where a commutator motor is used as the electric blower 24 and operated at a predetermined voltage. According to the processing procedure of Fig. 16, the stair way-like control consisting of a plurality of intervals is executed for the range from point P to the point at which the airflow amount Q is 0. However, the smooth operating characteristic can be obtained as a whole as shown by the broken line. The detection amount is not limited to the current. The airflow amount Q or suction static pressure H is detected by using a wind amount sensor or a pressure sensor and the control can be performed on the basis of the detected wind amount or suction static pressure. The control amount is not limited to the voltage. The rotational speed can be also directly controlled by using an inverter or the like. A control rule shown in Fig. 13 is suitable in the case where there are many cleaning surfaces which require a strong suction force, such as in the case of a carpet or the like. In Fig. 13, solid lines indicate the relations of the state amounts in the ordinary use state. When the suction port is in contact with the cleaning surface and the airflow amount Q is set on the closed side, such a state is detected and the electric power W to be consumed is increased as indicated by the broken line shown in the diagram, thereby obtaining the strong suction force (suction static pressure H). A control rule shown in Fig. 14 is suitable for the case where the vacuum cleaner is used in a state in which the suction port 29 is lifted up in the air, that is, in the case where a rest time when the cleaning is not actually performed is long. Since the wind amount is generally large in such a use state, the electric power W is reduced as shown by the broken line in the diagram within a range which exceeds a predetermined wind amount, thereby obtaining advantages such as saving of the electric power consumption, reduction in noises, and the like. In a control rule shown in Fig. 15, even if the airflow amount Q changes, the rotational speed N is held constant as shown by a broken line in the diagram. In a manner similar to the case of the use condition of Fig. 12, the control rule of Fig. 15 is suitable to prevent the absorption by gradually reducing the consuming electric power W with a decrease in wind amount in the case where the suction port is likely absorbed to the cleaning surface. From the viewpoint of the control of the electric blower, the control rule of Fig. 15 intends to control the rotational speed constant. Therefore, such a control can be also obtained without performing any special control if using a system such that the frequency is controlled so as to be constant by using an inverter drive motor as a drive motor of the electric blower. That is, the above other embodiment of the invention has been described on the assumption of only the series-wound characteristic of the AC commutator motor which has conventionally generally been used. However, the invention can be also applied to an electric blower having a motor of another drive system. In particular, since many of the inverter drive motors and brushless motors have the function to control the rotational speed or input/output, the foregoing other embodiment of the invention can be realized by merely adding a simple apparatus. As described above, according to the other embodiment, a plurality of different control rules suitable for the use conditions or favor are provided and can be switched and selected. Therefore, the contradictory control can be realized without any inconvenience. In other words, a variety of functions having various kinds of operating characteristics can be realized by a single vacuum cleaner. Fig. 17 is an external perspective view of the cleaner main body 21 showing a practical example of the switching apparatus 35 in the other embodiment of Fig. 10. The switching apparatus 35 consists of a plurality of change-over switches 38 connected electrically to the memories 34a to 34d, respectively. A desired control rule can be selected by selecting and switching the change-over switches 38. Fig. 18 shows still another embodiment of the switching apparatus 35. When the mechanical change-over switches 38 are used as in the example shown in Fig. 17, if the number of signal lines is large, the assembling and wiring works become complicated. According to the switching apparatus of Fig. 18, ID (identification) codes corresponding to the memories 34a to 34d are expressed by binary codes of a few bits. A card 39 in which holes 40 are formed at the positions of the bits corresponding to the binary codes is formed. The card 39 is exchanged and inserted into the switching apparatus 35. The ID codes of the card 39 are read by the light shielding state between optical fiber cables or photocouplers (not shown). The electrical connections between the memories 34a to 34d and the signal processing apparatus 36 are switched on the basis of the read ID codes. The switching circuit can be constructed by an integrated circuit or the like. The other cards 39 are held in an enclosing pocket 45 provided separately. Fig. 19 shows a block arrangement of the main section in further another embodiment. In Fig. 19, the parts and components having the same functions as those in the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 are designated by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted. A signal processing apparatus 41 consists of an electric circuit including a microcomputer. Command value generating program and data as control rule generating means are stored into an external memory 43. The external memory 43 is detachably connected to the signal processing apparatus 41 through an inserting port 42. The external memory 43 (43a to 43d) can be made of cards or memory cassettes having therein integrated circuits or the like. Each external memory 43 is provided in correspondence to each control rule. A desired control rule can be selected by exchanging the external memories 43. Fig. 20 is a perspective view showing an external view of the main section in still another embodiment. The inserting port 42 is formed on the upper external surface of the cleaner main body 21. The control rule can be switched by taking out a desired external memory 43 from an enclosing pocket 44 and setting into the inserting port 42. According to still another embodiment, in addition to the advantages of the embodiment of Fig. 10, the memory capacity of the data or the like according to the control rules can be increased. Therefore, the suction performance of more complicated control rules can be realized and various kinds of control rules can be realized. A combination system of the embodiments of Figs. 10 and 19 can be also considered as still another embodiment. For instance, by using a system in which various kinds of many control rules are stored in one external memory 43 and a desired control rule is selected from among the control rules by using a change-over switch corresponding to the switching apparatus 35, the number of exchanging times of the external memory 43 can be reduced and a more advanced selection and consuming electric power is automatically switched, thereby enabling the operation noise level at night to be automatically reduced. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the cleaner can be also obviously operated by the conventional known ordinary suction characteristic. According to the other embodiment of Fig. 19, if a rewritable type memory is used as the external memory 43, the use manner can be further improved. As described above, according to the invention, there is obtained an operating method of the vacuum cleaner in which the load current value of the electric blower is always detected during the cleaning, the state of a cleaning surface or a cleaning object is estimated from the load current value, the optimum operation control rule is selected from among a plurality of operation control rules stored in the speed control combination can be also realized. On the other hand, by performing the switching by a microcomputer, the number of parts can be further reduced and the circuit can be simplified. According to still another embodiment in which the control rules are stored into a memory or an external memory, an extremely large number of kinds of control rules can be realized as compared with the control rule generating means by a hardware electric circuit. Moreover, more complicated control rules (having fine differences or the like) can be also realized and can properly cope with the favor and feeling of the user. As still another modification, a timer function is provided in the external memory 43 or signal processing apparatuses 36 and 41, the day and night are discriminated by the timer function, and the value of a reference unit, the electric blower is operated and controlled on the basis of the selected control rule, and thereby enabling the optimum operation or the cleaning which is comfortable to the user to be executed. On the other hand, according to the invention, a plurality of control rules to control the suction performance or the like according to the use condition or favor of the user are provided and a desired control rule can be selected by switching or the like. Therefore, the control rule of the optimum characteristic can be selected and used in accordance with the use condition and favor. Thus, a cleaner having various kinds of characteristics can be easily realized. The proper cleaning according to the use condition and favor can be performed and the use manner can be improved. On the other hand, by switching and using the control rule, the optimum characteristic according to a special use condition or the like can be realized without being restricted by the other conditions even in the case of the contradictory characteristics.

Claims: A method of operating a vacuum cleaner having at least an electric blower (24) and a speed control unit (32) for operating said electric blower at a variable speed, wherein a plurality of kinds of operation control rules for the electric blower (24) are previously stored in said speed control unit (32), a load current value of the electric blower is always detected, the state of a surface to be cleaned is estimated from said load current value during the cleaning, whereby the operation control rule suitable for the estimated cleaning surface is subsequently selected from among the operation control rules stored in the speed control unit (32), and the electric blower is rotated by the operation control rule selected, and the state of the cleaning surface or the cleaning object is estimated from a fluctuating range of the load current value within a predetermined time. A method according to claim 1, wherein the operation control rules for the electric blower which were previously stored in the speed control unit include at least: an operation control rule in which a rotational speed of the electric blower is set to be constant even if a wind amount decreases; an operation control rule in which the rotational speed of the electric blower increases when the wind amount decreases; an operation control rule in which the rotational speed of the electric blower decreases when the wind amount decreases; and an operation control rule in which an input to the electric blower is reduced in a state in which no dust is actually sucked. A method according to claim 1, wherein the operation control rules for the electric blower which were previously stored in the speed control unit include operation control rules suitable for four cleaning surfaces of floor plate, tatami (Japanese mat), carpet, and curtain. A method according to claim 1, the electric blower is rotated on the basis of a shunt-wound characteristic for a period of time when the load current value of the electric blower is detected during the cleaning. A method according to claim 1, wherein the operation control rule suitable for the estimated cleaning surface is automatically selected from among the operation control rules stored in the speed control unit, and one of the operation control rules stored in the speed control unit can be manually switched and selected. A method according to claim 1, wherein said speed control unit has a microcomputer and the operation control rules for the electric blower are stored in said microcomputer.

Inventors: ENDO TUNEHIRO, HISHI WAKICHIRO, ISHII YOSHITARO, JYORAKU FUMIO, KOHARAGI HARUO, MIYASHITA KUNIO, SAITO KOUICHI, TAHARA KAZUO, TOYOSHIMA HISANORI, WATANABE SYUJI, ENDO, TUNEHIRO, HISHI, WAKICHIRO, ISHII, YOSHITARO, JYORAKU, FUMIO, KOHARAGI, HARUO, MIYASHITA, KUNIO, SAITO, KOUICHI, TAHARA, KAZUO, TOYOSHIMA, HISANORI, WATANABE, SYUJI
Applicants: HITACHI LTD, HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: A47L9
IPC codes: A47L9