UNIVERSAL SPRAYING NOZZLE

Abstract: The spraying nozzle contains a disk-shaped vaporizing body placed in the bore of the nozzle case and a nozzle connected to said vaporizing body by its headwall, where the bore of the nozzle case is in connection with the surrounding space on the one hand and the space containing the fluid under pressure on the other hand; there are whirl ducts (13) between the whirl body (8) and the nozzle case (1), the nozzle has a central bore (15), and between the whirl body (8) and the nozzle there is at least one ring duct (14) and there are radial ducts that connect the ring duct (14) and the central bore (15). The whirl ducts (13) are inclined at an acute angle alpha towards the generatrix of the mantle of the whirl body (8); the ring duct (14) between the whirl body (8) and the nozzle (9) is shaped in the nozzle (9), along its perimeter.

Description: UNIVERSAL SPRAYING NOZZLE The present invent ion relates to a universal spray ing nozzle for di spersing f luids under pressure, containing a di sk-shaped vaporizing body placed in the bore of the nozzle case and a nozzle connected to said vaporizing body by its headwa I I , wherein the bore of the nozzle case i s in connect ion wi th the surrounding space on the one hand and the space containing the fluid under pressure on the other hand; there are whir l ducts between a whir l body and the nozzle case, the nozzle has a central bore, and between the whir l body and the nozzle there is at least one r ing duct and there are radial ducts that connect the ring duct and the central bore. The pol luting effect of the l iquid power gases used in aerosol bott les is gett ing more and more obvious , therefore their el iminat ion i s more and more reasonabl e and the appl icat ion of non-pol lut ing power gases, e.g. ai r is emphasized cons iderably. That is why nozzles are manufactured where the perfect forming and di spers ion of the spray is ensured exclusively by mechanical effects . In this case the act ive ingredient occupies a certain percentage of the volume of the container and the separete propel lent gas is under overpressure not being uni ted into the fluid. The volume rates are determined bas ical ly by the vi scos i ty of the f luid. In this case, the di spers ion is perfomed exclusively by the flow of the fluid under pressure in the spraying nozzle. I t is we l l-known that the qual i l ty of the spray cloud vaporized by the spraying nozz les is good if the part ic les have extremely smal l dimens ions , their distribut ion is uni form and they are produced continuous ly. In order to real ize thi s qual i ty, a pressure of about 3 technical atmcsphe res must be aopl ied in case of l iquid prope! lant gas. If the gas does not part icipate in forming the spray cloud because it is not solvable in the fluid or because it can not be mixed with it, at least 6 technical atmospheres must be app I ied in order to achieve the required qual ity of the spray cloud. A description of nozzles of this type can be found e.g. in the French Patent No. 2.325.434. In this case, the nozzle contains ring ducts and a central whirl chamber in order to ensure a fine atomization of the fluid. However, the shape of the whirl chamber enables uncontrol lable flows and the chamber does not contain elements that would increase the current speed of the fluid according to the direction of the outflow. Therefore it is not suitable for dispersing relatively low-pressured fluids in a form of fine mist without propel lant gas. According to the US Patent No. 3.652.018, sulphur is appl ied in forming the dispersion cloud. This type of nozzle has ducts separated from each other by means of baffles. The four ducts flow into a central cyl indrical mixing chamber and form the spray cloud in this way. However, this nozzle is not suitable for dispersing oroducts that require higher qual ity standar s, e.g. hair fixers, deodorants, air fresheners cr i r>sect i _ ; oe3. Tηese fluids must have a particle size cf oet.\•_ n 5 and "0 microns in the air after dispersion, in. order - _ ensure a quick evaporation on the one hand and a hove*- '-3 state cf the drops in the air on the other hand. Another device that operates without orcoel lant gas dissolved in the fluid to be disperesed is s own in the European Patent No. 0000688. Its main feature is that it has a nozzle core arranged in the body of the nozzle so that the feed ducts that are perpendi _ I ar to the internal wal l of the nozzle body lead tie fluio oy a p erpendicular impact into the multi-stage switching ducts ormed in the body of the nozzle, where a whirl ing flow of the substance occurs. From here on the material flows into a ring duct, then toward the outlet opening through other tangential duet s . It is evident that the turbulence between the swi tching ducts and the circular rings promotes the formation of the spray, but the perpendicular impact is not the best way because in the case of flowing l iquids it causes a considerable decrease of the pressure. Therefore the motion eneregy of the l iquid decreases. The changes of the direction of the flow have also a disadvantageous effect on the qual i ty of the spray. An objet of the present invention is therefor to provide a universal spraying nozzle that ensures a dispersion of good qual ity without the existence of any power gas united in the act ive ingredient, simply mechanical ly without a need for shaping a compl icated system of ducts, therefore it is considerably simpler than the previous nozzles and according to this it can be manufactured at considerably less cost. According to the invention, the spraying nozzle contains a disk-shaped whirl body in the bore of the nozzle case and a nozzle connected to it by its headwal I , where there a-e whirl ducts between a whirl body and the nozzle case and the nozzle has a central bore and between the whirl body and the nozzle there is at least one ring duct and there are ducts that connect the ring duct and the central bore, wherein the whirl ducts between the whirl body and tne nozzle case and the generatrix of the mantle of the whirl body make an acute angle, suitalby an angle of between 5- 45 degrees, and the ring duct between the whirl body and the nozzle is shaped in the nozzle, along its perimeter. The whirl ducts can be shaped either on the external mantle of the whirl body or in the internal mantle of the nozz I e case . Preferably in front of the whirl body there is an acceleration disk that has a contracting bore in the direction of the whirl body, and on the headwal l toward the whirl body it has radial ducts and a ring duct along its per imeter. The outer wa I I of the ring ducts in the nozzle and/or in the acceleration disk is formed suitably by the mantle of the bore in the nozzle case. Inbetween the acceleration disk and the shoulder shaped in the bore of the nozzle case there is a regulation be I I whose edge butts on the acceleration disk and its flexible bottom plate has an eccentric bore. The spraying nozzle head shaped in this wa / is suitable for producing extremely fine mist by means of a power gas not united into the active ingredient in the octtle; e.g. by means of air. Its shape is relatively si~ole and does not need comp l icated tool s, therefore its is ne exoens i ve . Further detai ls of the invention wi l l now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing. In the d awing Figure 1 shows the section of an e bed ' ^ent of the Invention, Figure 2 shows section 2-2 of the sora/ing nozzle shown in Figure 1 , Figure 3 shows a section of tne -egulati o^ bel l and the acceleration c ; s , Figure 4 shows section 4-4 of the accelerat ion disk shown in Fgiure 3, Figure 5 shows the acceleration disk and the re¬ gulation bel l of Figure 3 under pressure, Figure 6 shows a view of the headwa I I of the acce lera ion disk, Figure 7 shows a front iew of a sutiable con¬ struction from of the acceleration disk, Figure 8 shows a lateral view of a suitable con¬ struction form of the whirl disk, Figure 9 shows a front view of a construction form of the nozz I e , Figure 10 shows a view of the headwal I demonstrat¬ ing another possible construction form of the nozz I e . The embodiment shown in Figure 1 consists of elements arranged in the bore of the nozzle case (1). The bore of the nozzle house (1) connects to the space of the bott le through the inlet opening (2) that is cyl indrical at the bottom and conical at the top, and through the inject ion bore (3). The inject ion bore (3) flows into the forechamber (4) closed by the wal l of the regulation bel l (5). The regulation bel l (5) surrounds the turbulence chamber (6) and connects to the acceleration disk (7). After the acceleration disk (7) the whirl body (8) and the nozzle (9) are arranged in the nozzle case (1). The nozzle case (1) is general ly made of plastic whose elasticity modulus ensures the proper fixation of the elements pressed in its bore. The material to be sprayed out flows through the inlet boring (2) and the injection bore (3) and from the forechamber (4) into the turbulence chamber (6) through the circular inlet bore (10) of the regulation bel l (5) . The acceleration disk (7) has a concentric acceleration nozzle (11) through which the flow of the fluid is contracting in the direction of flow. The acceleration disk (?) is also provided with a ring duct (12) on its headwa I I . On the outer mantle of the whirl body (8) whirl ducts (13) are formed. Nozzle (9) also contains a ring duct (14) on its headwal l , and is provided with a central bore (15) and an outlet opening (16). In Figure 1 the radial ducts in the acceleration disk (7) and in the nozzle (9) can not be seen; they are described in detai ls in Figures 6, 7, 9 and 10. In Figure 2 it can be seen that the fluid that flo/.s into the forechamber (4) through the injection oore (3) i~oacts against the wal l of the regulation bel l (5) in tne ~ ; d ' die, and so the whirl ing flow of the fluid begins. The ÷ I owing fluid enters the forechamber at the m iddle of the regulation bel l (5) and disintegrates into - Vn componen.ts. After covering distances of different ier.gtn it reaches the inlet bore (10) . In :-.e e components are shown so that the increase of their index number is in accordance with the distance covered in that direction which also increases proper t r z ~ a I I , and as a consequence of that, the energy of the fluid particles gradual ly decreases as an effect of the f r iction force. At the same time an impact occurs between the different components which have different energy, and they flow through the inlet bore (10) whi le = ccrs : rerably whirl ing occurs . The way of the fluid particles that flow through the inlet bore (10) of the regulation bel l (5) can be fol lowed in Fugure 3. The components impact against each other once more on the wal l of the acceleration disk (7), then along this wal l they turn round in arcs with different radi i and reach the contracting acceleration nozzle (11). Regarding that the different components cover different distances in different directions whi le going to the acceleration nozzle (11) , the whirl ing, swirl ing characteristic of the motion further increases. In consequence of the effect of the fluid arriving under pressure the bottom plate of the regulation bel l (5) strains and this deformation also influences the current donditions (Figure 5) . Whi le the pressure is relatively high in the container, the regulation bel l (5) strains considerably, and decreases the volume of the turbulence chamber (6) . According to this the cros s-sect ϊ on of the flow is sma I ler, too. In case of a decreasing pressure the deformation of the regulation bel l (5) gradual ly decreases, and the cross-section of the flow in the turbulence chamber (6) becomes bigger, and according to this the device automatical ly compensates the differences generated by the change of pressure in the container, and ensures a uniform dispersion. As it has, been mentioned, the particles of the fluid go from the turbulence chamber (6) to the acceleration nozzle (11). When the particles leave the accelerating nozzle on the other surface of the acceleration disk (7) , the elementary particles have a whirl ing motion as an effect the previous impacts, and they even rotate around their own geometrical axis independently of their resultant direction of mot ion. Al l these motions are generated by the speed compone ts of different direction, magnitude and meaning that effect the particles in the forechamber, in the turbulence chamber and in the acceleration nozzle (11). The particles that leave the acceleration nozzle (11) leave radial ly the radial ducts (17) on the headwal l of the acceleration disk (7). The radial ducts (17) are formed by rib guides (19). These are prisms that ar e formed as it is shown in Figures 6. and 7, they have radial edges, and their height decreases along the two sides of the edge. This embodiment contains four rib guides (19), but their number can be even bigger. Usual ly at least three rib guides (19) are necesary. Through the radial ducts (17) the fluid flows into the ring duct (12) that is now shaped so that its external wal l is formed by the mant le of the bore of the nozzle case (1) as it can be seen also in Figure 1. In the ring duct (12) the fluid particles flow around and go into the whirl ducts (13) of the whirl body (8). The whirl ducts are shaped in the mantle of the whirl body (3) as it can be seen in Figure 8. the whirl ducts (13) and the generatrix of the mantle of the whirl body (3. r-a e an acute angle which is between 5-45 degrees usual ly; \ ~ the In the whirl ducts (13) the part icles of the fluid get a further pul se and in this way they et in the ring duct (14) shaped in the nozle (9) . Several shapes are possible in forming the whirl ducts (13) . In the drawing semicircular whir l ducts are snown, but the cross-section of the whirl ducts ca- be triangul ar, trapezoid etc. A further variatio n p oss ible is to shape the whirl ducts (13) in the mant le cf the bore of t h e no z z I e ca s e ( 1 ) . As it can be seen in Figure 9, the fluid that flows in a whirl ing way goes from the ring duct (14) through the radial ducts (18) to the central bore (15) that operates as a turbulence chamber practical ly, and a maximal whirl ing of the particles occur inside. The radial ducts (18) can have either paral lel or divergen wa I I s as it can be seen in Figure 10. In certain cases the ducts can be situated tangential ly according to the central bore (15) shown on the lower part of Figure 10. The flowing particles of the fluid fi l l the ring duct (14) within a very short time and as a result of the force of the fluid that flows in continuously the particles flow to the central bore (15) through the radial ducts (18) . The number of the radial ducts (18) is also variable, but at least two ducts are necessary. The fluid that flows to the centre through the radial ducts (18) goes to the central bore (15) that serves as a turbulence chamber, and there the whirl ing motion increases because of the considerable decrease of the volume. It not only promotes the breaking-up of the particles but also increases their speed considerably. The particles flow out of the out let opening (16) with this increased speed. Regarding that the fluid that is to be dispersed has a speed and whirl that are getting greater and greater gradual ly from entering the inlet bore of the regulation be I I through the acceleration disk and the whirl body and the nozzle, the speed and the whirl reach their maximum at the outlet opening (16). Therefore when the drops go out to the air, they disintegrate into uncountable atomized partϊcles as an effect of the untraceable mul tidirectional and multidimensional speed components that overcome the internal cohesion force of the fluid and getting out to the air they burst the particles of the fluid l ike an explosion, and therefore the particles from a misty cloud in this way. There are another main point in the fact that during their way through the spraying nozzle the particles of the fluid that have different speed touch each other and the wal l of the components alternately, and besides this their temperature increases and a considerable difference of charge occurs because of the friction. The spraying nozzle according to the invention produces a perfect mist and, at the same time, its construction is considerably simpler and its manufacture is much more cheaper than that of the conventional designs. Of course, many other embodiments of the sprayirg nozzle a r e possible within the scope claimed in the attached claims.

Claims: C L A I M S 1. A universal spraying nozzle for discharging f luids under pressure containing a disk-shaped vaporizing body placed in the bore of the nozzle case and a nozzle connected to said vaporizing body by its headwal l , where the bore of the nozzle case is in connection with the surrounding space on the one hand and the space containing the fluid under pressure on the other hand; there are whirl ducts between the whirl body and the nozzle case, the nozzle has a central bore, and between a whirl body and the nozzle there is at least one ring duct and there are radial ducts that connect the ring duct and the central bore, characterized in that the whirl ducts (13) between the whirl body (8) and the nozzle case (1) and the generatrix of the mant le of the whirl body (8) make an acute angle io ) ', the ring duct (14) between the whirl body (8) and the nozzle (9) is shaped in the nozzle (9) , along its perimeter. 2. The spraying nozzle of claim 1, characterized in that the outer wa I I of the ring duct (14) between the whirl body (8) and the nozzle (9) is formed by the mantle of the bore of the nozzle case (1). 3. The spraying nozzle of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the whirl ducts (13) are shaped in the outer mantle of the whirl body (8) and their upper wal l is formed by the mantle of the bore of the nozzle case ( 1 ) . 4. The spraying nozzle of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the whirl ducts (13) are shaped in the mant le of the nozzle case (1) and their upper wal l is formed by the outer mantle of the whirl body (8) . 5. The spraying nozzle of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the anglel ( ) between the axis of the whirl ducts (13) and the generatrix of the outer mantle of the whirl body (8) is between 5-45 degrees. 6. The spraying nozzle of any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the radial ducts (18) that connect the ring duct (14) and the central bore (15) have a radial direction and they are formed in the nozzle (9). 7. The spraying nozzle of claim 6, characterized in that at least a part of the radial ducts (18) that connect the ring duct (14) and the central bore (15) have a radial ly contracting shape toward the centre. 8. The spraying nozzle of any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in front of the whirl body (8) there is an acceleration disk (7) that has an acceleration nozzle (11) with a contracting shace toward the whirl body (8) and the acceleration disk (7) has radial ducts (17) on the headwa I I toward the whirl body (8) and ring duct (12) along its perimeter. 9. The spraying nozzle of claim 3, characterized in that the outer wa I I of the ring duct (14) is formed by the mantle of the bore of the nozzle case (1). 10. The spraying nozzle of claim 8 or 9, characterized fn that between the radial ducts (17) there are rib guides (19) that have radial edges and their height has a decreasing shape on the two sides of the edge. 11. The spraying nozzle of any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the acceleration disk (7) and the shoulder formed in the bore of the nozzle case (1) there is a regulation bel I (5) whose edge butts on the accelerat ion di sk (7) and i ts f lexible bottom plate has an eccentric inlet bore (10) .

Inventors: PAMPER VIKTOR, PAMPER, VIKTOR
Applicants: DUNA ELELMISZER VEGYIRU KERES, DUNA ELELMISZER ES VEGYIARU KERESKEDELMI VALLALAT
Application year: 1988
Main classification: B05B1
IPC codes: B05B1