PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATING DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE

Abstract: A method for the treatment of degenerative joint disease in a mammal suffering therefrom which includes administration by injection of an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition into the arthritically afflicted joints of the mammal thereby lubricating and cushioning the joints. The composition includes acrylamide or methacrylamide polymers or copolymers thereof having a molecular weight from about 1 to about 15 million and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.

Description: Mammalian joints typically contain a small amount of synovial fluid which lubricates and moistens the joint surfaces to protect the joint against trauma, injury and degeneration. Some specific synovial fluid functions are to lubricate the joint surfaces, to absorb shocks to the joints, to bind acid and, possibly, to nourish some of the structural components of the joints. The synovial fluid is produced in the body by specialized cells, and the impairment of the fluid, i.e. decreased viscosity of the fluid due to the presence of degenerate cartilage products therein, is the principal source of the pain associated with degenerative joint diseases. As a result, various modes of intra-articular treatment of arthritis have been proposed. Commercially available compositions including corticosteroids such as triamcinoline, prednisolone and hydrocortisone acetate are now in use in arthritis treatment. However, these compositions are difficult to use due to difficulties in dosage determination. Also, a number of adverse reactions have been observed in intra-articular steroid therapy. Consequently, corticosteroid treatments have fallen into relative disuse. The use of hyaluronic acid has also been proposed for arthritis treatment. Hyaluronic acid appears to lubricate only the soft tissues of the joint which are not subject to heavy loading. Again, adverse side effects stemming from the treatment have been reported in some patients. Moreover, patients with clinical histories of local adverse reactions to the acid treatment appear susceptible to severe permanent joint damage. Document RHEOLOGICA ACTA, 21(3), 347-352 (1982) reported the examination of a series of synthetic polymers to determine their suitability as potential synthetic synovial fluids, wherein the most suitable was found to be polyacrylamide in a physiological solution. Nevertheless, it was mentioned that polyacrylamide was not the ideal synthetic synovial fluid because as soon as it is introduced in the joint, it will be mixed with the synovial fluid already present in the joint. Thus, there is interest in improved intra-articular treatments involving the injection of pseudo-synovial fluid into afflicted joints to replace or augment natural synovial fluid. The present invention relates to the use of acrylamide or methacrylamide polymers or coploymers thereof, in the manufacture of a drug for intra-articular treatment of degenerative joint disease in mammals, wherein said active ingredient is included in a pseudosynovial fluid composition suitable for administration by injection into the afflicted joints of the mammals. The pseudosynovial fluid composition serves to replace or augment the natural synovial fluid in the joints to protect it against wear and trauma and provides lubrication without inducing an inflammatory response. Moreover, the composition of the present invention is stable at room temperature and can be sterilized by boiling or autoclaving. The present invention involves the use of an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition which comprises acrylamide or methacrylamide polymers or copolymers thereof having a molecular weight from 1 to 15 million in an amount between 2 to 5 percent by weight of the pharmaceutical composition and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent suitable for intra-articular administration into the arthritically afflicted joints of a mammal suffering from degenerative joint disease, thereby lubricating and cushioning said joints, said composition having a Brookfield viscosity of 30,000 to 125,000 mPa·s (cps) at 25°C. The pharmaceutical composition is a viscoelastic gel. The polyacrylamides used in the present invention are produced by the polymerization of acrylamide, methacrylamide or mixtures thereof by methods known in the art. For example, the viscoelastic gel composition of the present invention can be formulated by autoclaving an 8-10 % by weight solution of the polymer followed by admixture with a premixed sterile solution sufficient to obtain a final composition within the parameters of the present invention. The viscoelastic gel composition of the present invention can also be formulated by dispersion of the polymer in cold or warm water containing any additional ingredients desired for the final composition. As a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent of the present invention, there is contemplated any biocompatible diluent which does not interfere with the anti-arthritic properties of the composition and is capable of suspension in gel form. Exemplary of such diluents are chloride salts, acetates, hydrates, quaternary amines, and other electrolytes such as acetic acid, sulfates, boric acid, nitrates, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydroxides, phosphates and water. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used in the case of mammalian degenerative joint disease. Exemplary of degenerative joint diseases which may be treated are the various forms of arthritis. Human and equine arthritis, for example, can be treated in this manner. As an effective amount of the composition of the present invention, there is contemplated an amount sufficient to replace or augment natural synovial fluid to lubricate and cushion the afflicted joints. The exact dosage applied to an afflicted joint is a function of the joint involved and the severity of the degradation of the articulation and surrounding area. A typical dose can range from 0.1 to 10 ml of the composition of the present invention per injection. A preferred dose ranges from 0.2 to 5 ml of the composition of the present invention per injection. The degenerative joint disease treatment may be accomplished through a single injection of the composition or a series dependent upon each individual clinical case. Further, should the symptoms of degenerative joint disease return, additional administrations can be used to alleviate these new symptoms. A preferred embodiment of the present invention involves the use of a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the polymers or copolymers preferably having a molecular weight on the order of 5 million are present in an amount between 2 to 5 percent by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. A more preferred embodiment involves the use of a pharmaceutical composition, wherein the polymers or copolymers are present in an amount between 3.5 to 5 percent by weight of the pharmaceutical composition, the most preferable being present in 4.0 percent by weight. A further preferred embodiment of the present invention involves the use of a pharmaceutical composition further comprising an antibiotic. Exemplary of such antibiotics are gentamycin sulphate, in a buffered alkaline form. A further preferred embodiment of the present invention involves the use of a pharmaceutical composition further comprising an anti-inflammatory agent. Exemplary of such anti-inflammatory agents are corticosteroids such as 6-methylprednisolone-21-acetate, 9-fluoro-prednisolone and triamcinolone acetate. A preferred anti-inflammatory agent is 6-methylprednisolone-21-acetate. In an additional preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition is administered in a dose from 0.2 to 5 ml. When an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agent is used in addition to the polymer or copolymer in the gel composition, a sufficient amount of the antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agent can be admixed with a sufficient amount of a gel composition prepared as described above to obtain a combination dosage form useful as a pseudo-synovial fluid. When an anti-inflammatory agent is utilized, an amount effective for anti-inflammatory use is contemplated. That is, a solution of 1 ml to 5 ml of the agent containing from 5 to 200 mg of anti-inflammatory agent is admixed with the gel composition. When an antibiotic is used in the composition, an amount effective for antibiotic use is contemplated. For example, 50 to 200 mg gentamycin sulfate may be added to the composition to protect against infection. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention involves the use of a pharmaceutical composition, comprising (a) 2 to 5 percent by weight acrylamide or methacrylamide polymers or copolymers; (b) 0.4 to 8.6 percent by weight sodium chloride; (c) 0.075 to 0.3 percent by weight potassium chloride; (d) 0.04 to 0.33 percent by weight calcium chloride; (e) 0.02 to 0.04 percent by weight magnesium chloride hexahydrate ; (f) 0.3 to 0.4 percent by weight sodium acetate ; (g) 0.15 to 0.20 percent by weight buffering agent ; and (h) remainder water. As a buffering agent of the present invention, there is contemplated any pharmaceutically acceptable buffering agent. Exemplary of such buffering agents are citrate dihydrates such as sodium citrate dihydrate, phosphates such as sodium phosphates and borates such as sodium borate. The pH of the composition will be in the alkaline range. The alkalinity of the composition will permit the gel to act as a buffer to protect the joint treated from the acid produced in the joint. Thus the acid damage to the joint will be decreased. The treatment of degenerative joint disease involves the injection of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention into the afflicted joint area of the mammalian subject. Such injection may be accomplished through the use of a 1.0 or 0.90 mm x 25 mm (19 or 20 x 1 gauge) needle. Illustrative examples of the present invention are as follows. Also, pharmaceutical compositions containing polymers or copolymers of acrylamide and methacrylamide polymers are known to be useful in opthalmic surgical and treatment procedures. See, for example, U.S. Patent N o 4,540,568. EXAMPLE 1 An autoclaved polyacrylamide having a molecular weight of 5 million was admixed with a premixed salt solution to yield the following homogenous gel composition : Example 2 An autoclaved polymethacrylate having a molecular weight of 5 million was admixed with a premixed salt solution to yield the following homogenous gel composition: EXAMPLE 3 A 300 kg polyarthritic castrated male pony is treated with systemic tranquilization with 200 mg xylazine I.V. and manual restraint on both days of treatment. A surgical clip (#40 blade) is placed over the dorsal aspect of both carpi and lateral aspect of both forelimb fetlocks. The sites are then prepped for surgery with Betadine® scrub and alcohol. Surgical gloves are used throughout the procedure. 5 ml synovial fluid is aspirated from the radiocarpal joints using a 1.0 mm x 25 mm (19 G 1″) needle and 6 ml syringe transferred to a Sodium Heparin tube. In a similar manner, 1.5 ml synovial fluid is removed from the forefetlocks. Using the needle already in place, 1.5 ml of the composition of Example 1 is injected into the afflicted joints. No adverse reactions are noted with respect to lameness, heat, inflammation or swelling in the joints. EXAMPLE 4 A 300 kg polyarthritic castrated male pony is treated with systemic tranquilization with 200 mg xylazine I.V. and manual restraint on both days of treatment. A surgical clip (#40 blade) is placed over the dorsal aspect of both carpi and lateral aspect of both forelimb fetlocks. The sites are then prepared for surgery with Betadine® scrub and alcohol. Surgical gloves are used throughout the procedure. 5 ml synovial fluid is aspirated from the radiocarpal joints using a 1.0 mm x 25 mm (19 G 1″) needle and 6 ml syringe transferred to a Sodium Heparin tube. In a similar manner, 1.5 ml synovial fluid is removed from the forefetlocks. Using the needle already in place, 1.5 ml of the composition of Example 2 is injected into the afflicted joints. No adverse reactions are noted with respect to lameness, heat, inflammation or swelling in the joints.

Claims: Use of acrylamide or methacrylamide polymers or copolymers thereof having a molecular weight from 1 to 15 million, in the manufacture of a drug for the treatment of degenerative joint disease in a mammal suffering therefrom, wherein said drug is in the form of a pharmaceutical composition including said polymers or copolymers in an amount between 2 to 5 percent by weight, a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent suitable for intra-articular administration, and a pharmaceutically acceptable buffering agent in an amount effective to provide an alkaline pH to said pharmaceutical composition, said pharmaceutical composition having a Brookfield viscosity of 30,000 to 125,000 mPa·s (cps) at 25°C. Use according to claim 1, wherein the polymers or copolymers are present in an amount between 3.5 to 5 percent by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Use according to claim 1, wherein the polymers or copolymers are present in an amount of 4 percent by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Use according to claim 1, wherein said polymer is polyacrylamide. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an antibiotic. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an anti-inflammatory agent. Use according to claim 6, wherein the anti-inflammatory agent is 6-methylprednisolone 21-acetate. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises : (a) 2 to 5 percent by weight acrylamide or methacrylamide polymers or copolymers ; (b) 0.4 to 8.6 percent by weight sodium chloride ; (c) 0.075 to 0.3 percent by weight potassium chloride; (d) 0.04 to 0.33 percent by weight calcium chloride ; (e) 0.02 to 0.04 percent by weight magnesium chloride hexahydrate ; (f) 0.3 to 0.4 percent by weight sodium acetate ; (g) 0.15 to 0.20 percent by weight buffering agent ; and (h) remainder water. Use according to claim 8, wherein said buffering agent is sodium citrate dihydrate. Use according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises 4 percent by weight of said polymer having a molecular weight of 5 million, 0.49 percent by weight sodium chloride, 0.075 percent by weight potassium chloride, 0.048 percent by weight calcium chloride, 0.03 percent by weight magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.39 percent by weight sodium acetate, 0.17 percent by weight sodium citrate dihydrate, and the remainder water.

Inventors: CHYLINSKI, VICTORIA S., TRAGER, SEYMOUR F.
Applicants: CHYLINSKI, VICTORIA S., TRAGER, SEYMOUR F.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, A61D7