PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING A YARN HAVING LOOSENED FIBERS AND BINDING THREADS, AND YARN THUS PRODUCED

Abstract: Loosened fibers are engaged by means of twisted or knitted binding yarns (FL); a feed roller (210) for the fibers of a roving or fiber top is tangent to a card (206) placed in a housing (212) opening onto a cavity (214) which is essentially tangential to said housing (212), in order to deliver the loosened fibers of the roving in the form of light batting to the binding means.

Description: The invention relates to a process for producing a fancy yarn, having a similar aspect to that of the raised, i.e. matted yarn, wherein loosened fibers are fed to a binding chamber and engaged by binding yarns so as to protrude from the thread-like manufactured article. There are yarns commonly known as raised or matted yarns currently available on the market, obtained by very laborious manufacturing processes involving a plurality of stages through the various operating machines, and in short obtained by an operation of extraction of the fibers (raising) from the processed yarn, involving hard treatment of the material, which beforehand has to undergo the traditional spinning. Moreover, the yarns thus obtained, by virtue of the very characteristics of the operating machines, have a uniform configuration, in the sense that their external characteristics are kept constant. From EP-A-0 083 221 there is known a device for producing a fancy yarn, wherein a binding thread is fed to a binding chamber and loosened fibers are pneumatically fed in the chamber. The binding thread is formed by filaments having a network structure. When the binding thread is fed to the binding chamber the filaments spaly apart and the loosened fibers are projected by a nozzle and intersect with the open network of filaments of the binding thread. This known method and device have the disadvantages that they can work only with a particular kind of thread, and that anchoring of the fibers to the binding thread is not reliable and safe. Additional means are required to consolidate the fibers and the filaments of the binding thread. An object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing a fancy yarn which overcomes the disadvantages of the known methods and devices. A further object of the invention is to produce a yarn of the raised yarn type, the material of which undergoes the minimum processing and hard treatment. Another object of the invention is to obtain yarns of the raised yarn type, which can assume various configurations, being able to alternate portions of yarn of the raised type, with others of normal twist, and/or flake twist type or the like. These and other objects and advantages will become clear from the text that follows. The invention relates to a process for obtaining a yarn of the abovementioned type, to the yarn obtained through said process and to equipment for carrying out the latter. According to the invention, a process for producing a fancy yarn of the abovementioned type is characterized in that: a roving or top of fibers are loosened and thinned by a card to form a light batting, said thinned fibers being conveyed into said binding chamber wherein at least one binding thread in fed; and that in said binding chamber the binding yarn is processed to form a fiber binding structure, the loosened fibers being anchored to said structure while it is being formed. The loosened fibers may be engaged by at least two binding threads arranged in the form of a funnel and twisted so as to produce a yarn from which said fibers protrude. Alternatively, a linear knitted manufactured article may be produced with at least one binding thread, and the fibers loosened in the form of light batting are fed into the area for producing the knits, as a result of which the loosened fibers are engaged by the said knits, which produces in the linear manufactured article a raising and swelling effect; the linear knitted manufactured article may be produced as a relatively very thin tubular manufactured article, and the loosened fibers are then engaged in the knits both by protruding from the linear manufactured article in the form of raising fibers, and within the tubular manufactured article, with swelling effect in the latter. The loosened fibers may be supplied by unraveling at least one roving - carded or combed - operated by at least one card tool. The said loosened fibers may be fed to the engaging area via a pneumatic carrier. A fancy yarn according to the invention is essentially produced by means of binding yarns engaging loosened fibers which randomly protrude from said binding yarns. The binding yarns may be twisted and the fibers are engaged into them. Alternatively the fancy yarns consists of a linear knitted manufactured article, to whose knits loosened fibers are engaged, which loosened fibers produce a raising and swelling effect; said linear manufactured article may advantageously be a knitted tubular manufactured article, having fibers which are anchored to the knits and which protrude at least in part outwardly, in order to produce a raising effect, and/or at least in part inwardly into the tubular manufactured article, with a swelling effect. EP-A-0 083 221 discloses an equipment for producing a fancy yarn comprising: means forming a cavity for feeding loosened fibers to a binding chamber; thread-guide passages enabling at least one binding yarn to enter said chamber, in said chamber means being provided to engage the loosened fibers to the binding yarns. Starting from this known equipment, the invention proposes an improved equipment for performing the method of the invention for producing a fancy yarn. The equipment according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises means for feeding a roving or fiber top to be loosened to at least one rotating card device which card device thins the fibers of said roving until it acquires the form of a light batting; and that to said binding chamber there are combined means to which said binding yarn is fed and which process said binding yarn in order to form in said chamber a fiber binding structure to which the loosened fibers are anchored while the structure is being formed. Said means for processing the binding yarns may comprise a twisting device connected to said binding chamber, and consisting of a spindle system, or a hollow spindle system having a winding cheese or the like. Alternatively, said means for processing the binding yarns may comprise a knitting machine suitable for producing an essentially threadlike manufactured article, the needles' working area being within said binding chamber. The machine may be a circular knitting machine having a limited number of needles, of the type that produces thin knitted tubular manufactured articles with one or more falls and having a continuously rotating equipment bearing the needles or the means for controlling the needles. The equipment may comprise means for varying the speed of the card and/or means for varying the speed of the feed roller, even until the latter are brought to a standstill. Several feed rollers may be arranged around the said card. Further, several cards may be provided for feeding a same cavity connected to the binding means. The equipment may also comprise a nozzle for producing temporary air jets suitable for the intermittent disposal of fibers which accumulated upstream of the fiber binding area. Finally the equipment may also comprise menas for varying the slipping speed of the binding threads. All of the above arrangements make it possible to vary the characteristics of the fancy yarn. The finding will be better understood following the description and the attached drawing, which shows a practical non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the said finding. In the drawing: Fig.1 shows a first embodiment of the equipment, having binding means in the form of twists; Fig. 2 shows a detail of the card, in perspective view; Figs. 3 and 4 show two local sections according to lines III-III and IV-IV in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 shows an enlarged detail of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 shows an embodiment variant of the card; Figs. 7 and 8 show, in axial section and in the transverse section according to VIII-VIII in Fig. 7, a second embodiment of the equipment, having binding means which comprise a circular knitting machine; Figs. 9 and 10 show a portion of tubular yarn in a side view and partial section and in transverse section; Fig. 11 shows a further sectional embodiment of the equipment for the production of the yarn of Figs. 9 and 10; Figs. 12 and 13 show diagrammatically two further embodiments of the equipment. According to Figs. 1 to 4, 201 denotes a block, in which a rotation seat 203 is formed for a shaft 205 bearing a card generally denoted by 206. A second rotation seat 207 is formed by an eccentric bush 208 and is used for a shaft 209 bearing a feed roller 210 having a perimetral covering; by regulating the angular position of the bush 208 the position of the roller 210 is regulated with respect to the card. The block 201 forms for the card 206 a molded housing 212 with a radial dimension which increases in the direction of rotation of the card 206, shown by the arrow fc; the cavity delimited by said housing and by the card 206 radially increases starting from the feed roller 210 and extends into a cavity 214 forming a binding chamber which extends tangentially with respect to the housing for the card 206 and to the said card. The edge between the housing of the card and the cavity 214 is formed (Fig. 6) by a hardened block 216, which may be replaced in the event of wear caused by the fibers; this block 216 may be obtained by a leveling of a pin which may be inserted into a seat of the block 201; by rotating the pin the position of the edge may be regulated with respect to the periphery of the card 206. The feed roller 210 is placed into a housing 218, which is delimited in part by the block 201 and in part by a regulating block 220, which is moved towards the roller 210 by springs 222 wound around guide pins 224 brought by a support 226. The housing 218 is shaped to form a conduit at least in the area of the regulating block 220, and in said block a sloping and laterally opening hole 228 is bored, to feed the top or fiber roving to the feed roller 210. Said feed roller 210 is caused to rotate slowly and its speed can be controlled. The housing 212 for the card 206 is laterally closed by a disk like grate cover 230, together with an air intake 232 having a truncated cone shape. The card 206, brought by the shaft 205, is produced in the form of a rotor for drawing air from the intake 232 and for conveying it into the cavity 212 and then into the cavity 214. To this end the card 206 exhibits a molded body 234 having cavities 234A which, by opening laterally opposite the grate 230 reach the periphery of the said body, onto which a cover 236 is fixed; the latter exhibits (see Fig. 2) slits 236A for the escape of air as well as wires 236B constituting the card covering. In Fig. 3 , 246 generally denotes means for controlling in rotation the shaft 205 with a speed which may be varied even up to zero and which may also be varied cyclically. 248 generally denotes means for controlling in rotation the shaft 209 with a speed which may be varied even up to zero and which may also be varied cyclically. According to the embodiment variant in Fig. 5, the card 206A is shaped in the form of a fan 334, at the ends of whose blades peripheral covering areas 334B are formed for its function as a card. By rotating the card, a draught is determined radially in a centrifugal direction through the covering of the said card, which rotation enables the separation of the fibers toward the housing 212 and toward the cavity 214, without having to make use - due to a high centrifugal effect - of a high rotation speed of the card. This reduces the breakage of the fibers and makes the thinning of the fibers fed by the roller 210 particularly regular. Downstream of the cavity 214 the feeding of binding yarns is provided for engaging the fibers delivered by the card, or through the twisting of two or more binding threads - through spindle means, ring means or the like - or through the production of knitted manufactured articles, for instance thread-like tubular manufactured articles, into whose knits the fibers protruding outside the manufactured article and also inside, are caught, thus swelling it in a very soft way. The draught tends directly to eliminate the fibers which are not anchored to the binding threads and to recover them. By varying the rotation speed of the feed roller 210 the characteristics of the thread being produced may be varied. Two or more feed rollers 210 may also be provided along the periphery of a same card, actuated with possible speed variations ranging from zero to a maximum, and/or two or more cards for delivering different fibers to the same cavity 214, so as to vary type and/or quantity of fibers to the card. Anomalous rovings, having possible lumps of fibers, may also be fed. Clusters of lumps of fibers may also be determined, which lumps stagnate and are periodically disposed of by an air jet formed through the cavity 214, in the direction of its axis and determined by a nozzle 214Y, in order to be bound by the binding threads; the binding threads are temporarily stopped, to obtain the accumulation of the fibers. According to the embodiment in Fig. 1 a cone-like condensing device 240 is connected to the cavity 214, which device completes the binding chamber; said device 240 exhibits lateral holes 240A for binding threads FL, and holes 240B for the escape of air outwards. Both the holes 240A and the holes 240B may be circularly distributed; preferably one or more holes 240B are below the holes 240A, which holes 240A form thread guides for the entry of the binding threads. The twists almost reach the exit of the condenser 240, and the binding threads are unraveled in the binding chamber to engage the majority of the fibers coming from the cavity 214; a few fibers may be lost through the holes 240B and below the condenser 240. Downstream of the condensing device 240 the twisting means is arranged, in the form of a spindle, a ring device, or the like. According to Fig. 1 a twisting group of the conventional type is shown which uses the two or more binding threads FL by twisting them in such a manner that they engage the fibers delivered by the card 206 or 206A and which travel through the condenser 240. The twisted thread FR (formed by the binding threads FL and by the fibers caught in between them) passes through a suctioning chamber 242, formed by two sections of truncated cones opposite one another and from which a conduit 242A for suctioning the residuary free fibers is formed. Below the chamber 242 the balloon B extends which is formed by the conventional ring (not shown) integral with a spindle 244 for producing the skein of twisted yarn; 247 denotes a ring limiting the balloon; the annular track of the ring is moved along the spindle for the production of the skein.The suctioning pipe 242A is used to recover from the chamber 242 the fibers not engaged by the twisted threads FL. In Figs. 7 and 8 an embodiment is shown in which a circular knitting machine 250 is provided, suitable for producing a thin knitted tubular manufactured article having one or more knitted binding threads FM. 252 denotes a device having two off-center bodies, which device is inserted into the cavity 214 and which exhibits an inlet 254 for the draught together with the fibers and coming from the card; said inlet 254 together with the cavity 214 completes the binding chamber. The thread or threads FM enter into the inlet 254 through holes 256. A member 258 in the form of a reversed cup is connected to the device 252. The needle roller 260 for the needles 262 is shaped having the conduit-like seats arranged according to a conical progression, in a manner such that the area for producing the knit is located in the lower part of the inlet 254. The needle roller 260 is annularly inbuilt in 260A and engages two disklike members 264 and 266; the disklike member 264 together with the cup member 258 determines a suctioning chamber 268, connected to a lateral suctioning conduit 270; the disklike member 266 is located opposite the outlet of the inlet 254 and together with the roller 260 forms air inlets 266B. The needles produce the knitted tubular manufactured article M and the fibers coming from the card are engaged in the knits; the fibers engaged by the knits protrude outwardly and inwardly from the tubular manufactured article thus produced. The fibers which are not engaged are recovered by the chamber 268 through the suctioning conduit 270. The manufactured article M moves away through an axial hole 260X of the roller 260, and is wound around a bobbin or the like. In Figs. 9 and 10 a yarn is shown according to the invention having a knitted tubular manufactured article binding. 1 denotes a knitted tubular fabric, which is relatively very thin and hence linear, to form in practice the main body of a fancy yarn. The knitted tubular structure 1 is connected to a plurality of loosened fibers which are in part, as denoted by 3, even contained inside the woven tubular structure 1, and in part, as denoted by 5, engaged to the structure of the knit of the tubular fabric 1 and protruding outwardly. In practice, each of the fibers may be anchored to the structure of the knitted tubular fabric 1 and may protrude to a lesser or larger extent, outwardly of the said structure, or be predominantly inwardly of the said structure, respectively, rather than exhibit completely free fibers as the fibers 3. In any case, the resulting yarn is a fancy yarn having a tubular structure and an internal swelling consisting of the loosened fibers or parts of fibers 3 and 5, which are contained within the tubular structure, and having a down consisting of the fibers 5 protruding from the tubular structure of knitted fabric and anchored to the said structure. This results in the production of a fancy yarn manufactured article which is particularly valuable both on account of its swelling effect and of the down effect of the yarn surface, and also for its characteristics of high lightness together with its high heat insulating ability. A yarn of this type is certainly valuable for the manufacturing of external items of clothing, in particular women's clothing and in any case having the characteristics of high heat insulation and of high lightness and softness. Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment of the equipment for producing the yarn of Figs. 9 and 10. In the drawing, 12 generally denotes the structure of a machine for the production of a knitted tubular article, which machine is very small and has few needles; 14 denotes in particular a needle roller enabling the sliding of the needles 16 in grooves cut on the surface of the roller 14; the roller 14 in the machines of this type may generally be arranged having a truncated cone progression - rather than a cylindrical one - to enable a substantial approach of the needles in the region of the area for producing the knits. The needles are controlled by a wipper cover of the conventional type which is placed inside the structure of the machine 12, to control the needles for picking up the thread in the region of the fall or of each of the falls and for the lowering of the needle for producing the knit. The drawing provides for the existence of two feeding threads that is of two falls F1 and F2, hence the wipper cover for controlling the needles will be shaped so as to impose on each needle at every turn two upward runs and two downward runs for producing the knits. Alternatively the equipment of the needles may also be provided fixed and the wipper cover rotating. According to the invention, a machine of the above mentioned type is connected to a group for feeding loosened fibers which are intended to be engaged in the manufactured article 1 as inner fibers 3 or outer fibers 5, engaged at least in part in the knit produced by the needles 16. The roller 14 is surrounded by a tubular sheath structure forming the binding chamber. The said sheath comprises - according to the drawing - a first tubular section 18 surrounding the roller 14 proper and partially at least the needles' working area that is the area for producing the knit; said section 18 exhibits a plurality of connecting holes 20 between the inside and the outside of the said section 18. A second tubular sheath section 22 is grafted onto the section 18 in the region of the needles' working area, and this section 22 exhibits - according to the drawing - holes 24 for the passing of the threads F1 and F2 of the two falls; said holes 24 correspond to recesses 26 provided on the upper edge of the section 18. The holes 24 form in practice thread guides of the yarn falls F1 and F2 for feeding the thread to the needles. The tubular section 22 of the sheath structure is connected to a fiber feeding device generally denoted by 30. Said device 30 comprises in particular a card 32 which rotates at relatively high speed and which has a perimetral covering, this card being of the type of those used for instance for feeding loosened fibers to the so-called "open-end" spinning heads and the like. At least one feed roller 34 co-operates with this card 32, said roller being fed by a fiber roving which reaches the device through a hole 36 and which is caused to pass between the feed roller 34 and a regulating block 38 which can be recorded for its nearing and its distancing with respect to the feed roller 34. The fiber material of the roving is thus fed in the direction of the arrow fA to the periphery of the card 32 equipped with covering. The card 32 thins the fibers and projects them into an essentially cylindrical cavity 40, onto which the section 22 of the abovementioned sheath structure 22, 18 is grafted. The drawing provides for two different feeds for the card 32 having two feed rollers 34, two inbound conduits 36 for the roving and two regulators 38. This arrangement may be used for feeding alternately two types of rovings to the card 32, by once stopping one feeding group and then the other, or to feed the roving of just one group while intermittently adding further material from the second roving, or in any case in order to obtain specific effects in the feeding of the fibers which are projected into the cavity 40 and brought from the same during the fall up to the working area of the needles 16, in order to be engaged by the needles and then by the knits produced by the said needles by means of the threads F1 and F2. An acceleration pneumatic effect in the direction of the arrow fP may be provided, to make the approach of the fibers easier, by inducing a light conveying pneumatic current; the latter may also on the other hand be directly induced both by the fast rotation of the card 32 and by the effect caused by the motion of the needles in the area for producing the knits. The holes 20 enable the escape of air; the presence of a larger or smaller number of uncovered holes 20 may also cause a desired and variable distribution of the fibers between the inside and the outside of the knitted tubular structure 1 of the manufactured article being produced; in fact, a greater air escape through the holes 20 causes a tendency toward the positioning of the fibers in the array of the abovementioned fibers 5, that is to say protruding from the tubular manufactured article, whereas a lesser escape draught through the holes 20 may cause a larger presence of swelling fibers within the knitted tubular structure. Suitable means may be provided for regulating the apertures toward the outside through the section 18, that is to vary the number of uncovered holes 20 and/or to plan in a stable way a specific opening state of the said holes for each manufacturing process. As better shown in Figs. 12 and 13, a fiber feeding device may also provide a further group having a card and roving feed or feeds, in any case to be connected to the cavity 40 (or to the cavity 214) overlooking the needles' working area and the needle roller. Various effects in the texture of the resulting threadlike manufactured article may be obtained by means of possible combinations in the feeds of the rovings, as well as variations in the thickness and quality and/or color of the fibers which are subsequently engaged during the production of the threadlike tubular manufactured article. The threadlike tubular manufactured article descends - in the course of being produced - inside the needle roller 14 to be appropriately collected in the manner known per se in machines of the type of the above mentioned machine 12, 14. The size of the tubular sheath structure consisting - in the drawing - of the tubular sheath sections 18 and 22 will be determined by the size necessary for the working of the needles and of their blades in the area for producing the knits. A larger number of needles causes a larger presence of fibers within the knitted tubular structure, whereas a smaller number of needles causes a larger occurrence of fibers protruding outwardly of the knitted tubular structure and anchored thereto. These regulating possibilities add to those caused by the presence of the holes for the escape of air from the section 18 downstream of the needles' working area. A substantial control shutting of the holes 20 and hence a greater concentration of the fibers within the knitted tubular structure may even be provided, or a greater predominance of fibers which are external and bound to the knitted structure through a smaller number of needles and a greater pneumatic current proceeding from the holes 20. A knitted structure produced by very few needles or even by a single needle may even be envisaged, whose successive chain knits bind the fibers coming from the card and from the cavity 40. The case is not to be excluded where the fibers which are not engaged by the tubular structure, especially the very short ones, may be collected by recovering the fibers from the current proceeding from the holes 20, without excluding the further possibility of a distancing of the fibers which might accumulate at the bottom of the roller 14, by means of pneumatic suctioning or the like. Figs. 12 and 13 generally show embodiments for producing loosened fibers variable in their nature and/or in their color, for obtaining particular effects, which may also be cyclically variable and which add to and combine with the effects obtained by the variation of the feeding speed of the roving or top and/or of the card. Fig. 12 shows a card 102, which delivers the fibers to a cavity 104 and then to the binding chamber. Two feed rollers 106 and 108 co-operate with the periphery of the card 102, which rollers are fed by two different rovings, each of the rollers being produced and completed by elements already described. By alternating the actuation of the two feed rollers 106, 108 and/or by varying their rotation speeds, the card may be variably fed and the flow of fibers may thus be varied in the form of light batting, which fibers are then bound in the ways already described. Fig. 13 provides for at least two cards 152, 154 to be able to discharge loosened fibers to a common cavity 156, connected to a binding chamber. Each of the two cards 152 and 154 is connected to two feed rollers 158, 160 and 162, 164 respectively, which feed as many tops or rovings. By alternating the working of the two cards, and by varying their feeds as already shown above, many possibilities of varying the flow of the fibers to be bound with the binding yarns are obtained.

Claims: A process for producing a fancy yarn, having a similar aspect to that of the raised, i.e. matted yarn, wherein loosened fibers are fed to a binding chamber and engaged by binding yarns so as to protrude from the thread like manufactured article, characterized in that: a roving or top of fibers is fed to a card; that said fibers are loosened and thinnned by said card to form a light batting, said thinned fibers being conveyed into said binding chamber wherein at least one binding yarn is fed; and that in said binding chamber said at least one binding yarn is processed to form a fiber binding structure, the loosened fibers being anchored to said structure while it is being formed. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loosened fibers are engaged by at least two binding threads (FL) arranged in the form of a funnel and twisted so as to produce a yarn from which said fibers protrude. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a linear knitted manufactured article is produced with at least one binding thread (FM); and the fibers loosened in the form of light batting are fed into the area for producing the knits, as a result of which the loosened fibers are engaged by the said knits, which produces in the linear manufactured article a raising and swelling effect. The process as claimed in claim 3, wherein the linear knitted manufactured article is produced as a relatively very thin tubular manufactured article (1) and wherein in the loosened fibers (3,5) are engaged in the knits both by protruding from the linear manufactured article in the form of raising fibers, and whithin the tubular manufactured article (1), with swelling effect in the latter. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the loosened fibers are fed to the engaging area via a pneumatic carrier. A fancy yarn produced by means of at least one binding yarn engaging loosened fibers which protrude from said binding yarn, said binding yarn forming a linear knitted manufactured article, to whose knits loosened fibers are engaged to produce a raising and swelling effect, characterized in that said linear manufactured article is a knitted tubular manufactured article (1), having fibers (3, 5) which protrude at least in part outwardly from the tubular knitted article, in order to produce a raising effect. The yarn as claimed in claim 6, wherein it consists of a linear knitted tubular manufactured article, having fibers (3) which are at least for the greater part anchored to the knits and which protrude at least in part inwardly into the tubular manufactured article (1), with a swelling effect. The yarn as claimed in claim 7, wherein part of the fibers (5) protrude outwardly and part of the fibers protrude inwardly into the knitted tubular manufactured article (1), with raising and at the same time swelling effect. An equipment for producing a fancy yarn by the process of claim 1, comprising: means forming a cavity (214; 40; 104; 156) for feeding loosened fibers to a binding chamber; thread-guide passages (240A; 256; 24) enabling at least one binding yarn (FL; FM) to enter said chamber, in said chamber means being provided to engage the loosened fibers to the binding yarn; characterized in that it further comprises means (210; 34; 106, 108; 158-164) for feeding a roving or fiber top to be loosened to at least one rotating card device (206; 32; 102; 152, 154), which card device thins the fibers of said roving until it acquires the form of a light batting; and that to said binding chamber there are combined means (244; 260, 262; 14) to which said at least one binding yarn is fed and which process said binding yarn in order to form in said chamber a fiber binding structure to which the loosened fibers are anchored. The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein said means for processing the binding yarns comprise a twisting device connected to said binding chamber which forms a twisted thread (FR). The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein said means for processing the binding yarn comprise a knitting machine suitable for producing an essentially threadlike manufactured article, the needles' working area being within said binding chamber. The equipment as claimed in claim 11, wherein it comprises : a circular knitting machine (250; 12, 14) having a limited number of needles, of the type that produces thin knitted tubular manufactured articles with one or more falls and having a continuously rotating equipment bearing the needles or the means for controlling the needles. The equipment as claimed in claim 12, wherein it comprises a tubular sheath structure (252; 22, 18) which forms the binding chamber surrounding the needles' working area and the area for producing the knit, said sheath structure extending axially above said area, with passages (256; 24) for the thread or threads to be fed to the needles. The equipment as claimed in claims 12 and/or 13, wherein said tubular sheath structure exhibits outlets (20) for the escape of air from the side opposite the feeding of the loosened fibers, with respect to the area for producing the knit. The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the card (206, 206A) is placed in a housing (212) With dimensions which increase radially in the sense of rotation of the card and opening onto a cavity (214) which is essentially tangential to said housing (212), in order to thin the fibers of a roving and to deliver the loosened fibers to the said binding means, said cavity cooperating to form a binding chamber; and wherein means are provided to produce a draught from the card toward said housing (212) and said cavity (214). The equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein the card is shaped in the form of a ventilating rotor which draws air laterally and drives it centrifugally into the housing (212) through the perimetral covering of the card. The equipment as claimed in claim 16, wherein the card exhibits a cover (236) which has a covering (236B) and slits (236A) for the centrifugal intake of air driven by molds (234A) of a central body (234) of the card. The equipment as claimed in claim 16, wherein the card (206A) exhibits fan blades (334), from whose ends sections (334A) of a perimetral covering are led. The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein said feeding means is a feed roller (210) placed in a housing (218) completed by a block (220) elastically moved toward the roller especially by spring means and into which a sloping hole (228) is obtained to feed the roving or top to the covering of said roller (210). The equipment as claimed in claim 19, wherein the feed roller (210) is mounted onto an eccentric bush (208), in order to regulate its position with respect to the periphery of the card. The equipment as claimed in claims 9 and subsequent claims, wherein a fiber condenser (240) tapered in an essentially truncated cone shape is connected to the said cavity (214) - in order to form the binding chamber - which condenser (240) has holes (240A) for feeding binding threads (FL), and holes (240B) for the escape of air. The equipment as claimed in claims 9 and 10, wherein it comprises a suction chamber (242), through which the twisted thread (FR) being produced passes, and from which the free fibers are dispersed, said chamber (242) being shaped in the form of a conduit having two cones. The equipment as claimed in claim 12, wherein a suctioning chamber (268) is formed around the needle roller (260), from which chamber the free fibers are dispersed; said chamber being formed by a fixed cuplike member (258) and by two almost disklike members (264, 266) engaged to the roller, of which one forms air inlets (266B) between the two cavities (214, 268). The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein a hardened edge is provided between the housing of the card and said cavity (214), which edge may also be regulated in position with respect to the periphery of the card, said edge being especially formed by a levelling of a pin which can be angularly regulated in its own seat which is obtained in a block (201) forming said housing. The equipment as claimed in claims 9 and 21, wherein it comprises means (246) for varying the speed of the card (206, 206A) and/or means (248) for varying the speed of the feed roller (210), even until it stops. The equipment as claimed in claims 9, 19 and/or 25, wherein it comprises several feed rollers (34; 106, 108; 160-164) around the said card. The equipment as claimed in claims 9 and/or 19 and/or 25 and/or 26, wherein several cards (152, 154) feed a same cavity (156) connected to the binding means. The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein it comprises a nozzle (214Y) for producing temporary air jets suitable for the disposal of fibers which accumulated upstream of the fiber binding area. The equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein it comprises means for varying the slipping speed of the binding threads.

Inventors: BALLERINI, PAOLO, GAMBERONI, CECILIA
Applicants: FILPUCCI S.P.A.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: D02G3
IPC codes: D06Q1, D04B21, D04D3, D02G3, D04D7, D01H4