AN AIR INTAKE STRUCTURE OF AN AUTOMOBILE

Abstract: Between the bottom end of the front glass window (14) and the top end of the dash panel (18) constituting the front wall of the vehicle chamber is formed the cowl frame member (16) extending in a transverse direction of the vehicle body. An air passage consists a first air passage section (68) and a second air passage section (52) and communicates the first air opening (68) for introducing the open air with the second air opening (52) for introducing the open air introduced from the first air opening (68) into the vehicle chamber. The first air passage section (68) is formed in a space within the cowl frame member (16) while the second air passage section (52) is formed outside the cowl frame member (16). Either one of the first and second air openings is formed in the cowl frame member (16) in such a manner as being communicated with the first air passage section (68). The one of the first and second air openings and the first air passage section (68) are positioned at an end portion of the cowl frame member (16) in a transverse direction of the vehicle body.

Description: AN AIR INTAKE STRUCTURE IN AN AUTOMOBILE This invention relates to an air intake structure in an automobile, the automobile and the air intake structure having the features as set forth in the first part of claim 1. The vehicle body structure of an automobile comprises a cowl frame structure extending in a transverse direction of the vehicle body constituting one of the strengthening members of the vehicle body. The cowl frame structure comprises an upper member portion and a lower member portion and is positioned between a dash panel, which constitutes a front wall of the vehicle chamber or passenger space, and the windscreen of the vehicle. The upper member portion supports the bottom portion of the windscreen and the lower member portion connects the upper member portion to the upper part of the dash panel. The cowl frame structure generally functions as an air intake structure that introduces ambient air into the passenger space. In the recent years there is a tendency to design the vehicle body, on flow resistance considerations, in such a way that the front surface area of projection of the vehicle is decreased by reducing the inclination angle of the windscreen W and adapting the bonnet B as a front hood as this is shown in Fig. 13 of the appended drawings. However, such a design of the vehicle body may cause the problem that, as the inclination angle of the windscreen W intersecting with the bonnet B gets sharper, the cowl point P in the intersection between the windscreen and the cowl frame structure will assume a lower position. As a result, difficulties can arise in regard of ensuring sufficient space for the location of the air conditioning unit and for the placement of the legs of the driver and passenger. As to be seen further from Fig. 13, a space between the cowl point P and the floor surface F of the passenger space is used for mounting an air passage A and the air conditioning unit U as well as for providing a legs' placing space S. For the air passage A it is necessary to ensure a predetermined minimum cross-sectional area in order to warrant that a sufficient amount of ambient air can flow into the vehicle chamber or passenger space R. However, the lower the position of the cowl point P, the more difficult is it to ensure a sufficient height of the space for mounting the air conditioning unit U and for providing the legs' spacing place S. While it is possible to provide a thinner structure or the air passage A disposed in the cowl frame structure and, to compensate for the space reduction resulting from lowering the cowl point P, to make its transverse size wider, thus ensuring the necessary space for mounting the air conditioning unit U and placing the legs of the driver and passenger, such a structure of the air passage A has the drawback that the cowl frame structure either protrudes into the passenger space R or into the engine compartment E. This limits the layout of the instrument panel or of the engine compartment E. Further, conventional air intake structures have one of the air inlets in the front portion of the cowl frame structure to exploit the advantage that air can be introduced during driving on account of the kinetic pressure during driving. This arrangement, however, may undergo the risk that water during rain fall is introduced together with the air into the air passage and therefrom penetrates into the air conditioning unit through the other air inlet for introducing ambient air into the passenger space. In order to prevent such a leakage of rain water into the passenger space the current measure adopted in conventional air intake structures resides in that the air passage formed in the cowl frame structure is made as long as possible. However, the requirements that the air passage should be made longer in the cowl frame structure and that a sufficient amount of ambient air should be introduced into the vehicle chamber or passenger space lead to the consequence that the cowl frame structure is to be made larger in regard to its cross sectional area over a considerable length since sufficient space is required for the mounting of the air conditioning unit and for providing space for the placement of the legs of the driver and passenger. GB-A 20 54 133 discloses an air supply system in an automobile by which ambient air is introduced into the passenger space. This air supply system comprises an air passage which almost completely is disposed within the cowl structure, whereby a first air opening for the introduction of air into the air passage is positioned centrally in an upper cowl member portion. The air passage extends transversely with respect to the vehicle body and leads to an air box which is positioned in front of a front pillar and from which a second air opening for the introduction of air into the passenger space opens into a dash side panel. In order to ensure sufficient cross-sectional area of the air passage within the air box the air box must laterally project over the front pillar. This increases the front projection surface of the vehicle body and, in consequence, the flow resistance of the vehicle. US-A 33 01 484 discloses an air intake structure comprising an orifice in the bonnet opening into a cowling conduit in the central portion of the bonnet, the cowling conduit opening into a chamber beneath the bonnet. A blower is positioned beneath this chamber blowing air into a radiator and therefrom through second openings into the passenger room. The chamber beneath the bonnet and the space required for placing the blower beneath this chamber reduce the space within the engine compartment in the central portion thereof. JP-U 82881/1986 discloses a cowl frame structure having a closed cross section such that one of the air inlets for introducing ambient air into the vehicle chamber is provided on the upper cowl member portion while the other is disposed on the lower cowl member portion. The air openings are communicated with each other by an air passage disposed within the space of the cowl frame structure. There is another type of a cowl frame structure the cross section of which has an opening in a forward direction. This cowl frame structure is provided with one air opening disposed on the upper cowl member portion while the other air opening is provided in the lower cowl member portion in such a way that the two air openings are connected with each other by a duct disposed in a space between the upper and lower cowl member portions. On the basis of the prior art and considerations explained above the present invention has the object to provide an air intake structure in an automobile enabling a sufficient amount of ambient air to be introduced into the vehicle chamber or passenger space while preventing penetration of rain water thereinto without sacrificing space around the cowl frame structure even if the cowl point is positioned lower. In order to accomplish this object the invention proposes an air intake structure in an automobile as defined in patent claim 1. As described hereinabove, the arrangement of the air intake structure according to the present invention comprises the first air passage section disposed in the cowl frame structure and the second air passage section disposed outside the cowl frame structure, thus permitting a longer structure of the air passage as a whole and preventing penetration of rainfall into the vehicle chamber of the automobile. In particular, the disposition of the second air passage section outside the cowl frame structure provides the high freedom to form a number of traps in the second air passage section which are highly useful for prevention of rainfall from being penetrated into the vehicle chamber. With this arrangement, it is necessary for the first air passage section to be disposed only at a transversely opposite corner portion of the cowl frame structure. It is to be noted that the transversely opposite corner portions of the cowl frame structure do not exert greatly adverse influences upon the space to be ensured for the mounting of the air conditioning unit U and the placement of the legs of the driver and passenger as well as for the engine room and the vehicle chamber space. Accordingly, the corner portions of the cowl frame structure can provide a sufficiently wide space that can accommodate a considerably broader cross-sectional area of the first air passage section, thus permitting the high freedom to introduction of outside air into the first air passage section. Furthermore, the provision of the second air passage section outside the cowl frame structure provides the high feedom to its disposition without undergoing restrictions from the disposition of the other mountings, thus ensuring a sufficient cross-sectional area of the second air passage section and a satisfactory space for the other mountings and for the engine and the vehicle chamber. Accordingly, the arrangement for the first and second air passage sections for the air intake structure according to the present invention permits their necessary cross-section areas to be ensured without interfering with the mountings, leg placement and so on, thus providing a sufficient amount of outside air into the vehicle chamber. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the course of the description of preferred embodiments which will be hereinafter described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1 to 7 relate to a first embodiment according to the present invention, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the fundamental portion of the air intake structure; FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an automobile in which the air intake structure is disposed; FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a portion of the forward vehicle body struction; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view as taken along the line X4-X4 of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view as taken along the line X5-X5 of FIGS. 1 and 3; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view as taken along the line X6-X6 of FIG. 3; and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view as taken along the line X7-X7 of FIG. 3. FIGS. 8 and 9 relate to a second embodiment according to the present invention, in which: FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the fundamental portion of the air intake structure: and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view as taken along the line X9-X9 of FIG. 8. FIGS. 10 and 12 relate to an embodiment according to the present invention, in which: FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view as taken along the line X10-X10 of FIG. 11; FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the air intake structure taken with the bonnet and the fender panel removed; and FIG. 12 is a cross-section view as taken along the line X12-X12 of FIG. 10. FIG. 13 is a diagrammatical view for explanation on problems with conventional air intake structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of this invention will now be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings. The first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 7) Referring to FIG. 2, 10 designates an automobile whose body is so designed that a front window 14 inclines relative to a bonnet 12 as a front hood with a large inclination angle. The bonnet 12 is hinged at its front portion to allow it to be opened from the rear side. A cowl frame 16 is arranged between the bonnet 12 and the front window 14, as shown in FIG. 1. Namely, a dash panel 18 consitituting a front wall of the vehicle chamber is disposed at the front portion of the vehicle body of the automobile 10, and the cowl frame 16 as described later in detail is connected to the upper end portion of the dash panel 18, as shown in FIG. 3. In front of the dash panel 18, there is provided an engine room 20 whose side wall is comprised by a wheel apron 22. The wheel apron 22 is connected at its lower end portion to the front frame 24 and is also connected at its upper end portion to the wheel apron reinforcement 26 having a closed cross-section. The wheel apron 22 includes a tire housing 28 protruding into the engine room 20. On the tire housing 28 is disposed a suspension tower 30 extending upwardly in which a suspension unit is contained. The suspension unit may be a not shown double wishbone type suspension. Since such double wishbone type suspension is employed in this embodiment, the height of the suspension tower 30 is set comparatively small and the clearance between the suspension tower 30 and the bonnet 12 is kept sufficiently when the bonnet 12 is closed. The cowl frame 16 may be of a so-called open cowl type one which comprises a cowl upper (upper cowl frame portion) 32 and a cowl lower (lower cowl frame portion) 34 whose rear ends being connected to each other, and which opens toward the front. The cowl upper 32 has a connection surface 32a for a front glass 36, which is formed at its rear end portion as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and is reinforced with a reinforcement 38 which forms a closed cross-section together with the cowl upper 32. The cowl upper 32 has a flange portion 32b, formed at its front end by bending its front end portion upwardly, to which is fitted a sealing member 40 for water sealing between the flange 32b and the bonnet 12 when the bonnet 12 is closed. The cowl lower 34 is connected at its front end portion to the upper end of the dash panel 18 which comparts the vehicle chamber room and the engine room 20. The cowl frame 16 extends in the transverse direction of the vehicle body and its respective ends in the transverse direction are connected to wheel apron reinforcements 26, respectively. A wiper motor 42 can be attached to one end portion of the cowl frame 16 in the transverse direction (the end on the driver's sheet side, rightward on the drawing of FIG. 3) and a blower unit 44 for an air conditioning unit can be attached to the other end portion (the end on the passenger seat side, leftward on the drawing of FIG. 3). The cowl frame 16 has an auxiliary plate 46 at its one end portion in the transverse direction, which is connected to the front end of the cowl upper 32, the end portion of the cowl lower 34 and the wheel apron reinforcement 26, as shown in FIG. 4. The auxiliary plate 46 is used for the seat for the attachment of the wiper motor 42. Namely, the wiper motor 42 is attached to the auxiliary plate 46 with its drive shaft 42a turned to the rear. Two wiper pivot axes 48 cooperated with the wiper motor 42 are respectively attached to brackets 50 mounted at the one end portion and the center portion of the cowl upper 32 in the transverse direction (see FIG. 6). At the other end portion of the cowl frame 16 in the transverse direction, the cowl lower 34 has a second air opening 52 formed therein. Below the cowl lower 34, a blower unit 44 is arranged to front the second air opening 52. The blower unit 44 substantially comprised by a blower is communicated with an outlet opening in the vehicle chamber through a not shown connection duct. By actuating the blower unit 44, the outside air flown in the second air opening 52 can be introduced into the vehicle chamber through the connection duct as described later. The blower unit 44 includes an opening 54, as shown in FIG. 5. The opening 54 and the second air opening 52 can be opened or closed selectively by a door 56. Where the automobile is provided with an air conditioning unit such as an air conditioner, the air fed from the blower unit 44 may be subjected to heating, dehumidication or cooling according to circumstances on the way, and then introduced into the vehicle chamber. The air passage of the outside air introduced to the second air opening 52 is formed as follows. In front of the other end portion (at the provision side of the blower unit 44) of the cowl frame 16, an air intake box 58 is arranged on the suspension tower 30 to introduce the outside air, as shown in FIG. 5. The air intake box 58 and the other end portion of the cowl frame 16 constitute an air passage 60. More detailedly, the other end portion of the cowl frame 16 includes an extension panel 61 connected to the cowl upper 32. The extension panel 61 extends forwardly, then bends downwardly, and finally connects at its lower end to the cowl lower 34. In the extension panel 61 is formed a communicating opening 61a which opens forwardly. Also, the cowl panel 16 has a partition wall panel 62 extending from the cowl upper 32 to the cowl lower 34. The air intake box 58 is constructed utilizing the suspension tower 30 and the wheel apron reinforcement 26, together with an L-shaped panel 64 and an upper lid member 66. The L-shaped panel 64 extends forwardly from the partition wall panel 62, then bends outwardly, and finally connects to the suspension tower 30 and the wheel apron reinforcement 26. The L-shaped panel 64 constitutes the front wall and the inner side wall of the air intake box 58. The outer side wall of the air intake box 58 is formed by the wheel apron reinforcement 26, and the bottom wall of the same is formed by the suspension tower 30. The upper lid member 66, made of synthetic resin, is formed in the configuration as shown in FIG. 1. A first air opening 68 which opens upwardly is formed at the center portion of the upper lid member 66. A drain groove 70 is arranged around the first air opening 68. The upper lid member 66 is attached to the upper flange portion 64a of the L-shaped panel 64 and the front end portion of the extension panel 61 extending forwardly from the cowl upper 32, by using screws 72 described later in detail. Consequently, the air passage 60 connecting the first air opening 68 and the second air opening 52 is formed as a passage extending forwardly from the cowl frame 16 by the other end portion of the cowl frame 16 and the air intake box 58 positioned in front of the other end portion, as shown in FIG. 5. The first air opening 68 of the air intake box 58 is positioned beneath the bonnet 12 with a clearance. The outside air is introduced to the first air opening 68 from the rear end of the bonnet 12. The L-shaped panel 64 constituting the air intake box 58 is connected at its upper flange portion 64a to the flange portion 32b of the cowl upper 32. To these flange portions 64a and 32b is fitted the sealing member 40 which extends continuously (see FIGS. 4 to 7), whereby the region over the air intake box 58 is isolated from the engine room 20 when the bonnet 12 is closed. With such configuration, the outside air is introduced from the rear end of the bonnet 12 to the first air opening 68 through the upper region of the cowl upper 32. The air flown into the second air opening 68 turns its flowing direction reversely, then flows toward the rear with the guidance by the air passage and finally blow off into the vehicle chamber from the second air opening 52. Namely, the outside air to be introduced into the vehicle chamber is passed through the two, upper and lower air passage sections formed by the cowl frame 16 and the air intake box 58, namely, an outside air introducing passage 74 for introducing the outside air from the rear end of the bonnet 12 to the first air opening 68, and the air passage 60, positioned below the outside air introducing passage 74, for introducing guiding the air fed from the first air opening 68 to the second air opening 52. On the way of the introducing passage of the outside air into the vehicle chamber, the outside air flows forwardly from the rear end of the bonnet 12 with the guidance of the introducing passage 74, turns its flowing direction oppositely, and then flows forward the rear of the vehicle in the air passage 60. With the above structure, the outside air is introduced together with rainwater into the introducing passage 74 from the rear end of the bonnet 12. The drainage structure for thus introduced rainwater is constructed as follows. In the introducing passage 74, the cowl upper 16 and the extension panel 61 which constituting the bottom wall of the introducing passage 74 are arranged so that they are inclined downwardly in the forward direction. By this structure, rainwater flows down along the cowl upper 16 and the extension panel 61 into the drain groove 70 of the air intake box 58. The drain groove 70 is formed so that the forward portion thereof becomes deeper than the rearward portion, namely the forward portion of the bottom wall portion 70a of the drain groove 70 relative to the air intake box 58 becomes lower the rearward portion (see FIG. 5). The outer wall 70b of the drain groove 70 cofronting to the apron reinforcement 26 has a discharge hole 70c formed at its lower end portion. The discharge hole 70c confronts to an opening 26a formed by cutting out part of the wheel apron reinforcement 26, as shown in FIG. 7. Thus, rainwater flowing along the drain groove 70 is discharged to the outside through the discharge hole 70c, the opening 26a and the wheel apron reinforcement 26. The interior space of the wheel apron reinforcement 26 having the cross-section constitutes a drain passage for the rainwater. Moreover, the inner wall 70d of the drain groove 70 constituting the first air opening 68 projects upwardly well enough to prevent the rainwater from entering into the first air opening 68 even if a large amount of rainwater flowing along the drain groove 70 is splashed due to the vibrations during the driving. In the air passage 60, the cowl lower 34 constituting the bottom wall of this air passage 60 is so designed that it inclines upwardly in the rearward direction. The second air opening 52 opens at the rear end portion of the cowl lower 34. In other words, the front end portion of the cowl lower 34 constitutes a drain groove 34a and rainwater flown into the drain groove 34a can be discharged to the outside from the discharge hole 26b of the reinforcement 26 through an interior space 76 of the reinforcement 26. Moreover, a baffle plate 78 protrudes around the second air opening 52, to prevent rainwater flowing along the drain groove 34a from entering into the second air opening 52 even if the rainwater splashes due to the vibration during the driving. A dischrage hole 30a communicating with the outside is formed in the suspension tower 30 constituting the bottom wall of the upstream portion of the air passage 60. Rainwater can be also discharged from this discharge hole 30a. The upper lid member 66 of the air intake box 58 may be attached as follows. At the upper end portion of the outer wall 70b of the upper lid member 66 is formed a flange portion 70e which bends outwardly. A flange portion 70e bending outwardly and having screw holes formed therein is formed at the upper end portion of thye outer peripheral wall 70b of the upper lid member 66 except the upper end portion facing to the wheel apron reinforcement 26. The upper end portion 70f of the outer peripheral wall 70b facing to the wheel apron reinforcement 20 extends perpedicularly beyond the level of the flange portion 70e, as shown in FIG. 7. A front fender attached to the wheel apron reinforcement 26 by utiliging a bolt and a nut 80 has an inner end portion bending upwardly, and a drain groove 82a formed at the outer side, as shown in FIG. 7. An engaging portion 82b is also formed at the innermost end bending downwardly of the front fender 82. In the attachment of the upper lid member 66, the upper end portion 70f of the outer peripheral wall 70b is engaged with the engaging portion 82b, and then the outer upper end portion of the outer peripheral wall 70b of the upper lid member 66 is fixed by screw to the front end portion of the extention panel 61 through a sealing member 84. In FIG. 7, 86 indicates a sealing member disposed between the wheel apron reinforcement 26 and the upper lid member 66. Sush atachment structure can reduce the mumber of the screws as well as the steps of the attachment operations of the upper lid member 66. In the above arrangement, since the air passage 60 extends forwardly from the cowl frame 16, the restriction on the cross-sectional area of the cowl frame 16 can be greatly relaxed, as compared with the conventional air intake structure in which such air passage is formed within the cowl frame 16. Accordingly, even if the vehicle body design having a lowe cowl point P (see FIG. 13) is adopted, there is no problem to ensure a necessary space for mounting the air conditioning unit and placing the legs of the driver or passenger, for ensuring the cross-sectional area of the air passage. Also, it is no longer required to protrude the cowl frame into the vehicle chamber or into the engine room for ensuring a necessary space for mounting the air conditioning unit and placing the legs of the driver or passenger. Also, since the first air opening 68 is substantially covered with the bonnet 12, it is possible to settle such a problem existed in the prior art that the misoperation of the air conditoner such as a fan is occured due to the fact that the air conditionaer is frozen by a large amount of the penetrated outside air from the upper lid or the air opening by the direct exertion of the kinetic pressure during the driving, when actuating the blower unit 44 during the driving in the cold district, for example. Also, since the flowing direction of the introduced outside airis turned reversely on the way of the air passage to introduced the side air into the vehicle chamber in the above embodiment, the frequency of the contact can be increased between the introduced outside air and the wall surface of the air passage. Accondary, it isi also increased the possibility for adhering the rainwater introduced together with the outside air to the passage wall, so that the separation of the outside air from the rainwater and the discharge of the rainwater can be effected quicklly. Also, the provision of the drain groove 70 around the perpherary of the first air opening 68 atwhich the flowing direction of the outside air is turned reversely further promotes the quick discharge of the rainwatter. In addition, since the air passage 60 is constituted by the air intake box 58 disposed on the suspension tower 30 and the air intake box 58 is connected the cowl frame 16, it is also advantageous the suspension tower 30 is reinforced by the air intake box 58. The second embodiment (FIGS. 8 and 9) In the explanation on this embodiment, the reference numerals designating corresponding parts are the same as those in the first embodiment and the explanation for these parts in omitted. Hereafter, it will be described the characterizing parts of this embodiment. In this embodiment, an auxiliary air intake structure 88, is formed in the cowl frame 16. Namely, an auxiliary air opening 90 is formed in the cowl upper 32 and a communication opening 62a is formed in partition wall panel 62. The auxiliary air opening 90 and the communication opening 62 are communicated with each other through a duct 92 arranged within the cowl frame 16. As a measure for discharging rainfall penetrated from the auxiliary air opening 90, the bottom wall 92a of the duct 92 is formed as an inclined wall which is gradually lowered toward the partition wall panel 62, and one end of a discharge pipe 94 opens at the downstream portion of the bottom wall 92a (nearby the partition wall panel 62). The other end of the discharge pipe 94 penetrates thorough the L-shaped panel 64 and opens within the air intake box 58. Consequently, rainfall penetrated into the duct 92 is introduced through the discharge tube 94 into the air intake box 58, and then discharged to the outside from the discharge hole 32. The communication opening 62a of the partition wall panel 62 is formed above the cowl lower 34 with a spacing, and the bottom wall 92a of the duct 92 is connected to the partition wall pannel 62 at the portion below and far away from the lower opening end of the communication opening 62. Namely, the partition wall panel 62 form a kind of dam at the portion below the communication opening 62a. With such arrangement of the second embodiment, since outside air can be also introduced from the auxiliary air opening 90, the intake amount of introduced air can be supplemented when it is not enough with the air intake structure of the first embodiment. The third embodiment (FIGS. 10 to 12) FIGS. 10 to 12 shows the third embodiment of this invention, in which the reference numerals designating corresponding parts are the same as these in the embodiment mentioned above and the explanation for these parts is omitted to avoid the duplication. In these drawings, 82 indicates a fender pannel arranged at the outer end position on the left side of the vehicle body. The upper end of the fender panel 82 is fixed through the end portion (left side and portion) of the cowl upper 32 to the wheel apron reinforcement 26 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. At the left side and portion of the cowl upper 32 is formed a first air opening 32a which opens upwardly and which is communicated with an opening 26a formed in the upper portion of the wheel apron renforcement 26 through a duct 108. The duct 108 constitues a first air passage section, at the upper end which is provided a net 108a for preventing the penetration of dusts such as a withered leaf and a small stone. Consequently, outside air from the first air opening 32a of the cowl upper 32 is introduced into the duct 108 after the dusts have been removed. The lower end of the wheel apron reinforcement 26 is fixed to the upper end of a cowl side panel 110 through the cowl lower 34 which supports a not shown instrument panel. The cowl side panel 110 has an opening 110a formed in the upper portion thereof. A space portion 111 having an enough space is formed among the wheel apron reinforcement 26, the cowl side panel 110 and the fender panel 82. In the space portion 111, an air passage 112 is arranged in the form of unit box. The air passage 112, which constitutes the second passage section, has a first hole portion 112a and a second hole portion 112b formed in the upper portion and the substantially center portion of the inner side thereof (leftward on the drawing of FIG. 10), respectively.The first hole portion 112a and the second hold portion 112b are fixed by adhesion to the through hole 26a of the wheel apron reinforcement 26 and the opening 110a of the cowl side panel 110, respectively. A baffle plate 113 having substantially U shaped cross-section which opens downwardly is disposed at the inner peripheral edge portion of the second hole portion 112b of the air passage 112. A third hole portion 112c is formed at the lower end of the air passage 112. To the third hold portion 112c is disposed on one-way valve 115 comprising thin rubber piece 114 which can cover the third hole portion 112c from outside. The one-way valve 115 opens or shuts the third hole portion 112c due to its biasing force. Consequently, upon rainfall, rainwater introduced together with outside air from the first hole portion 112a of the air passage 112 through the net 108a of the duct 108 into the air passage 112 is blown to the upper face of the baffle plate 113 of the air passage 112. Then the rainwater passes through the side portion of the baffle plate 113 and it is collected at the lower end portion of the air passage 112. Thereafter, the collected rainwater pushes down the rubber piece 114 by its own weight to open the one-way valve 115. As a result, the rainwater is discharged to outside from the third hole portion 112c. On the other hand, the outside air is introduced into the second hole portion 112b after having gone round the lower portion of the baffle plate 113 from the side portion of the same. The blower unit 44 comprising a sirocco fan is disposed below the cowl lower 34. A suction hole portion 44a of the blower unit is faced to the second hole portion 112b, and both hole portions 44a, 112b are communicated with each other through a passage 117. An outlet 44b of the blower unit 44 is communicated with an air conditioner 118 arranged at the left front portion within the vehicle chamber which is on the assistant driver's sheet side. A communication passage 119 whose one end opens toward the vehicle chamber opens at and communicates with the intermediate of the passage 117. At the upper stream than the opening portion of the communication 119 of the passage 117, an on-off valve 120 is disposed to effect the on-off control for the second opening portion 112b of the air passage 112. The on-off valve 120 is actuated by the change-over operation of a swich attached to a not shown instrument panel, so that outside air is introduced into the vehicle chamber when the valve 120 is ON (the second hold portion 112b opens), and outside air is intercepted and the air within the vehicle chamber circulates when the valve 120 is OFF. In FIG. 10, 12 indicates a bonnet as a front hood, and in FIG. 12, 122 indicates a wiper. In the operation of the third embodiment, the outside air introduced from the first air opening 32a is introduced into the air passage 112 arranged within the air portion 111 having enough space between the cowl side panel 110 and the fender panel 82, through the duct 108 from the first hole portion 112a of the air passage 112. And the only introduced air is gone round the below of the baffle 113, is then sucked in the blower unit 44 through the passage 117 from the second hole portion 112b, to be fed to the air conditioner 118. Although the embodiments of this invention have been described, the structure of the cowl frame 16 may be a so-called cowl box type one in which a closed cross-section is formed by the cowl upper 32 and the cowl lower 34. Also, the air passage 60 for introducing the outside air to the second air opening 52 may be formed by a duct which extends from the inside of the cowl frame 16 to the forward. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details can be made therein without departing from scope of the invention which is defined in the following claims.

Claims: 1. In an automobile comprising a dash panel (18) constituting a front wall member of the passenger space and disposed underneath the windcreen (14) of the automobile, a cowl frame member (16) extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle body and comprising an upper cowl member portion (32), which supports the windscreen, and a lower cowl member portion (34), which connects the upper cowl member portion (32) to an upper portion of the dash panel (18), an air intake structure comprising an air passage (60, 58) which communicates a first air opening (68) for the introduction of air into the air passage with a second air opening (52) for the introduction of air from the air passage into the passenger space, whereby one of the air openings (52, 68) opens into the cowl frame member (16), characterized in that one air opening (52) opens into one of the transversely opposite end portions of the cowl frame member (16) and the other air opening (68) is positioned outside of the cowl frame member, in that a partition wall panel (62) is disposed to connect the upper cowl member portion (32) and the lower cowl member portion (34) at one of the transversely opposite end portions of the cowl frame member (16) to form a space within the cowl frame member transversely outside of the partition wall panel (62), and in that the air passage comprises a first air passage section, provided by said space outside of the partition wall panel (62) and in communication with the one air opening (52), and a second air passage section formed outside of the cowl frame member and in communication with the other air opening (68). 2. An air intake structure according to claim 1, wherein the second air passage section is disposed in front of the cowl frame member. 3. An air intake structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the other air opening (68) is disposed in front of the cowl frame member and wherein the one air opening (52) is formed in the lower cowl member portion (34). 4. An air intake structure according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a wheel apron (22) having a suspension tower (30) and a wheel apron reinforcement member (26) reinforcing an upper portion of the wheel apron are disposed forwardly from a transverse end of the dash panel (18), whereby the suspension tower and the wheel apron reinforcement member are connected to the cowl frame member by means of a substantially L-shaped panel (64) extending forwardly from a position adjacent to the partition wall panel (62) and being curved transversely outwardly of the vehicle body, and wherein a space (58) partitioned by the substantially L-shaped panel (64) constitutes the second air passage section. 5. An air intake structure according to claim 4, wherein the upper cowl member portion (32) is provided with a supplementary air opening (90) disposed on that side of the partition wall panel (62) which is directed toward the center of the vehicle body, and wherein the partition wall panel (62) is provided with an opening (62a) being in communication with the supplementary air opening (90) through a duct (92) disposed within the cowl frame member (16). 6. An air intake structure according to any of claims 2 to 5, wherein a space (20) formed forwardly of the dash panel (18) is covered with a front hood member (12), a gap being formed between the rearward end of the front hood member and the cowl frame member (16) and wherein the other air opening (68) is located underneath the front hood member (12). 7. An air intake structure according to claim 6, wherein the other air opening (68) is positioned in front of the rearward end of the front hood member (12). 8. An air intake structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein an upper air passage (74) is formed for guiding air forwardly from the gap between the rearward end of the front hood member (12) and the cowl frame member (16), and wherein a forward side portion of the upper air passage (74) communicates with the other air opening (68) positioned at a forward side portion of the second air passage section. 9. An air intake structure according to any of claims 4 to 8, wherein the space (58) within the substantially L-shaped panel (64) has an upwardly directed opening which is covered by a covering member (66), and wherein the covering member (66) provides the other air opening (68) and has a drain groove (70) around the other air opening (68). 10. An air intake structure according to claim 1, wherein the one opening (32a) is formed in the upper cowl member portion (32). 11. An air intake structure according to claim 10, wherein a side end portion of the cowl frame member (16) is connected to a cowl side panel (110), a front fender member (82) is disposed outside of the cowl side panel (110) in regard to the transverse direction of the vehicle body, and wherein the second air passage section (112) is formed between the cowl side panel (110) and the front fender member (82). 12. An air intake structure according to claim 11, wherein the other air opening (110a) is formed in the cowl side panel (110) and faces a gap formed between the cowl side panel (110) and the front fender member (82). 13. An air intake structure according to claim 12, wherein the second air passage section (112) is provided with a baffle member (113) at a position immediately above the other air opening (110) to prevent water from entering into the other air opening. 14. An air intake structure according to any of claims 10 to 13, wherein a space (20) forwardly of the dash panel (18) is covered with a front hood member (12), whereby a gap is formed between the rearward end of the front hood member and the cowl frame member (16) and wherein the other air opening (110a) is located underneath the front hood member (12).

Inventors: IOKA, TADASHI C/O MAZDA MOTOR CORP
Applicants: MAZDA MOTOR CORPORATION
Application year: 1988
Main classification: B60H1
IPC codes: B62D25, B60H1