RESEALABLE CONTAINER CLOSURE

Abstract: A resealable closure device (10) for use on metallic cans includes a metallic end wall (12) having an opening (24) surrounded by an upwardly extending and outwardly flaring beaded flange (22). The flexible closure element (14) includes a central panel (34), a lever portion (36) and a connecting portion (38) connecting the lever portion to the central panel; the closure device may be molded in an inverted umbrella position which is capable of being inverted to engage the flange of the opening; a skirt portion (48) is provided on the interior side of the central panel of the flexible closure element to provide a degree of resistance to removal of the closure device from the opening by user.

Description: The present invention relates to a closure device for a can comprising a metallic end wall having an opening therethrough and a flexible closure element. A closure device of this type is described in our United States Patent No. 4 574 975 corresponding to EP-A- 140686. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION As described in detail in the aforementioned U.S. Patent 4,574,975, a number of prior art structures have been developed for the purpose of closing bottles and cans, whether of metal, plastic or glass, jars and others containers but few of such closure devices have been designed so that they can be refitted on a once opened container to reseal the dispensing opening and those that have had resealable features have often been difficult to manipulate by a user on the one hand, and, on the other, could not be usefully employed where the contents of the container were under pressure or were capable of generating pressure. This is of particular concern where a resealable closure is employed as there is always the possibility of injury where the closure device is improperly installed on the opening of the container unbeknown to the user. With the passage of time, pressure build-up can cause unexpected popping or "missileing" of the closure device which can result in injury to a user or bystander. Another difficulty encountered in this field is the task of providing a closure that can be opened by the widest possible range of users. In this connection, a subsidiary but closely related problem is that of venting where the contents of the container are either at a vacuum or under pressure. In the former case, breaking the vacuum can make opening difficult particularly where any portion of a resealable closure acts as a plug in the container opening. In the latter case, internal pressure build-up can also force parts of the closure device to lock on the opening or an associated flange of the opening thus rendering it difficult for a number of users to remove the container closure. It is necessary, therefore, to provide a safe venting feature to any resealable container closure that is intended to be employed where the contents of the container will be at other than atmospheric pressure. The above-cited United States Patent refers to other criteria which resealable container closures must satisfy to enable them to be marketed in competition with other types of containers. The present invention incorporates a number of the features of the aforementioned United States Patent 4,574,975 but also provides an improved opening arrangement which will enable the closure device to be used on a container without regard to characteristics of the contents of the container. The invention is defined in claim 1 hereinafter. In a preferred embodiment, the closure device for a can body is provided with a metallic end wall having an opening formed therethrough surrounded by an upwardly and outwardly flaring beaded flange of a structure similar to that disclosed in Figure 11 of the aforementioned United States Patent. The flexible closure device which is preferably of molded plastic includes a central panel, a lever and a nose which acts as a connecting portion between the lever and the central panel substantially as in the embodiment described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent. In the present invention, the central panel has an inner annular skirt or ring portion which includes a peripheral surface which is spaced just inwardly of the interior surface of the beaded flange when the closure device is fitted on the beaded flange. The central panel is relieved or hollowed out in the area spaced inwardly of the peripheral surface of the ring portion so as to impart greater flexibility to the central panel especially during opening and closing of the end wall opening. With this arrangement, particularly where the contents of the container are under pressure, the peripheral surface of the ring portion will not normally engage to any significant extent the interior surface of the beaded flange when the closure device is fitted on the end wall to close the end wall opening. The nose portion located between the lever portion and the central panel engages the exterior of the beaded flange to retain the closure device in the opening of the end wall. A pair of straps or handles are provided to facilitate lifting of the lever portion to commence removal of the closure device. In the present embodiment, with the lever portion in its downwardly extending position a user will pull on one of the straps or handles. Venting of the contents of the container such as a can body will commence as soon as a passage way is cleared between the outer surface of the flange and the nose portion. However, further pulling on the strap or handle will bring at least a portion of the peripheral surface of the ring portion into frictional engagement with a portion of the internal surface of the beaded flange to thereby provide resistance at least initially to further opening movement of the closure device. In this manner, relatively safe venting of the contents will occur while a retarding force is exerted by virtue of angular displacement of the ring portion. Additionally, flexing of the ring portion causes outward bulging of a section of the ring portion so that the adjacent peripheral surface engages the interior surface of the beaded flange. Continued upward pulling on the handle or pull tab will progressively move the bulging section on the internal surface of the beaded flange until the ring portion is clear or free of the beaded flange. A controlled venting is thus provided to thereby minimize the possibility of unwanted popping or blow out of the flexible closure device. The present invention also provides an improved pull tab in the form of a generally U-shaped strap which is integrally molded with two spaced arms extending from the lever portion and with each strap being of substantial uniform thickness to avoid any abrupt transitions which could form weak points resulting in premature failure of the strap during use. The foregoing and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent as consideration is given to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a side sectional view in elevation of the closure device and can end wall of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side view in elevation showing a stacked arrangement of the end wall and closure device of the present invention; Figure 3 is a top plan view of the closure device and end wall of the present invention; Figure 4 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of a portion of the flexible closure device with the lever portion in an upwardly directed position; and Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the flange of the end wall of this invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Turning now to the figures, wherein like numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown in Figures 1-4 the closure device 10 of the present invention which includes a metallic end wall 12 and a flexible closure element 14 which is preferably of molded plastic as described herein. The metallic end wall 12 preferably includes a curl 16 to enable the closure device to be double seamed to a can body according to the standard practice in this industry. It will be apparent that the curl 16 can be eliminated and that other alternatives for securing the end wall to a container body may be employed. For example, the end wall 12 could be adhesively secured to a can body. As illustrated, the radially outer portion of the end wall has a steeply rising panel section 18 and an inner more gradually rising second panel section 20 which terminates at its radially innermost end in a circular beaded flange 22 surrounding an opening 24 which is concentric with the central axis of the end wall 12. The outer panel 18 will provide internal pressure resistance of the end walls as is conventional in can end making. As shown more clearly in Figure 4, as formed the hemmed or beaded flange 22 extends upwardly and outwardly with respect to the opening 24 and includes an outer flange surface 26, a top flange surface 28 and an inner flange surface 30. The flange 22 is formed by beading or hemming metal as at 32 preferably inwardly, although outward hemming is also within the contemplation of the present invention. The flexible closure element 14 is generally similar to that of the United States Patent 4,574,975. In this regard, the closure element 14 includes a central closing wall or panel 34 and a generally frustoconical lever portion or skirt 36 and a connection portion 38 connecting the inner end of the lever portion with the central panel. The lever portion 36 may be formed with an inner annular section 40 of essentially constant thickness and an outer tapering section 42 of gradually diminishing thickness as illustrated. An annular ring 43 may be provided on the outer surface of lever portion 36 to aid in molding of the closure element 14. This annular ring 43 neither adds to nor detracts from this function of the lever portion 36. The connection portion 38 includes a nose portion 44 formed at the inner end of the lever portion 36. The nose portion should have a diameter approximately equal to or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flange 22 when the lever portion 36 is in its first or. upward position as illustrated in Figure 4. If desired, the diameter of the nose 44 may be slightly less than that of the beaded flange 22 to provide an interference fit which will facilitate high-speed application of the closure element to the flange. It has been found that improved sealing of the closure element 14 to the metallic end wall 12 may occur if the closure element and/or the metallic end wall is heated, such as to a temperature between 95 and 200° F (35 and 93°C), as these components are assembled. Permissible materials for the metallic end wall 12 include those materials typically used in can making, such as steel and aluminum alloys with the preference being for aluminum. The flexible closure element may be formed of rubber or a plastic resin, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene-polyethylene copolymers and the like. Polypropylene is preferred. To improve compatibility between the sealing surfaces of the metallic end wall and the closure element, a surface coating may be placed on the sealing surfaces of the metallic end wall and/or closure element. Typical of such material are waxes, laquers and the like. If necessary to reduce the gas transmission rate of the closure element, this element may be coated with a low gas transmission rate material, such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). As shown more clearly in Figure 4, the surface 46 of the central panel 34 that faces inwardly of a container when the end wall is affixed to a container body is provided with a depending skirt or annular ring portion 48 which has an outer peripheral surface 50. In a preferred embodiment, the outer peripheral surface 50 of the ring portion tapers inwardly toward the central axis of the central panel 34 as its distance from inner wall 52 increases. The angle of taper should be in the range of about 0.5 to 2.0 degrees. In a preferred embodiment, this peripheral surface 50 of the ring portion 48 does not contact any portion of the interior surface of the beaded flange 22 at least when the central panel 34 is in an unstressed or unflexed condition. Thus, when a user places the closure device 10 on the flange 22 of the end wall 12 of a container, with the lever portion 36 in the upwardly extending position, the peripheral surface 50 of the ring portion 48 will not plug the opening 24 surrounded by the beaded flange 22. Thus any pressure build-up from the contents of the can will result in slight movement of the closure device upwardly to self vent the interior of the can. With the lever portion 36 of moved downwardly to the condition shown in Figure 1, the nose portion 44 will engage under the exterior of the beaded flange 22 to prevent removal of the closure device 14 as a result of pressure build up within the container. Also, as best seen in Fig. 4, the hemmed flange 32 is at an angle as measured from the horizontal which may be equal to or greater than the angle of surface 52 of closure element 14. Preferably, the angle of hemmed flange 32 is greater than that of surface 52. If, however, these angles are equal, contact between surfaces 52 and 32 may occur as the closure devices 10 is formed. When the closure device 10 is placed on a container and its content are pressurised, the internal pressure acting on the central panel 34 lifts surface 52 off of surface 32, permitting proper venting of the closure device 10 as the closure device is opened. As has previously been noted, the closure element 14 is molded from a plastic such as polypropylene. As in the above-cited patent, the lever portion 36 is molded in an upright or "reverse umbrella" position. As the lever portion 36 is moved downwardly in fitting the closure element 14 on the can end wall 12, internal forces caused by the movement of the lever portion 36 from its initially molded upright position to the horizontal and over center and downwardly past the horizontal, creates tension within the lever portion 36 which acts to pull the lever portion 36 and nose 44 closer to the central panel 34 and with the beaded flange 22 interposed in the annular recess 54, the sealing function against the exterior surface 26 of the flange 22 is provided. As shown in Figure 1, the closure device 14 is fully sealed onto the metallic end wall with the nose 44 in sealing engagement with the outer surface 26 of the beaded flange 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the nose 44 of the closure device fully occupies the space between the exterior surface of the flange 22 and the tapering, adjacent panel section 20. With this arrangement, the effects of natural plastic deformation will be minimized so that continued removal and resealing of the opening of the end wall can be effected. In the completely sealed position, as illustrated in Figure 1, there remains tension within the lever portion 36. The lever portions 36, after passing the horizontal or over-center position, does not return to an untensioned, as-molded "reverse umbrella" position. This residual tension in the lever portion 36 helps maintain the tight seal between the nose 44 and the outer surface 26 of the flange 22. The residual tension results, at least in part, from the inability of the lever portion 36 to rotate downwardly farther due to its firm contact with the end wall section 20. This firm contact between the lever portion 36 and the metallic end wall 20 prevents the ingress of dirt and debris thereby avoiding the possibility of contamination to the contents of the container. Preferably, sealing contact with the beaded flange is primarily about the exterior surface 26 of the beaded flange 22 as illustrated in Figure 1. With this arrangement, upon lifting of one the pull straps 56, the lever portion 36 attached adjacent thereto will be lifted to pull the associated adjacent nose 44 out of contact with the beaded flange 22. Separation of the nose 44 from the exterior surface 26 of the flange 22 will commence a controlled venting while continued pulling up on the strap 56 will pull the remaining portion of the lever portion 30 to the inverted umbrella condition. Any flexing of the ring portion 48 will aid the frictional engagement of the peripheral surface 50 of the ring portion 48 located internally of the flange 22 to thereby effectively prevent blowing off of the closure device 14 during the venting. Pulling up another portion of the lever portion 36 by pulling on the other handle or strap 56 will eventually effect complete reversal of the lever portion to the upwardly extending condition. The user may then simply lift the closure device 14 from the metallic end 12. By forming the closure device 14 so that the ring portion 48 does not form a plug with the interior surface 30 of the beaded flange 22, uncontrolled venting is avoided which can result in blowing off of the closure device which is not acceptable. As shown in Figure 2, the end wall 12 of the present invention carrying a closure device 14 is stackable due primarily to the close conformity of the closure device 14 to the end wall 12 when installed on the opening of an end wall. With reference again to Figure 4, there is shown a greatly enlarged detailed sectional view of the flange of the metallic end wall with the flexible closure element fitted thereon. As with the aforementioned United States patent, in manufacturing the beaded flange, certain relationships are important. Firstly, before the opening is formed, the end wall is in the form of a single disc of metal which, after passing through a number of die forming steps is placed in condition for forming the opening. Prior to forming the opening, the area in which the metal is removed to form the opening is preferably subjected to a coining operation which involves compressing the metal between dies whereby the metal of the region adjacent the end face will be stress relieved and reduced in transverse thickness. As a result of the coining, the metal becomes more resistant to fracturing during the subsequent forming steps. In forming the opening, it is important that the surfaces of the flange be smoothly formed. Also, it is found that angle A, (Figure 5) the angle at which the smooth annular surface extends upwardly from the plane surface indicated in the broken line at 58 should be between about 30° and about 40° and preferably about 35°. The plane indicated at 58 is that plane which passes through an annular region defined by the smallest diameter of the neck in the opening 24. It is been found that where the annular relationship is maintained, the flexible closure element 14 is retained in sealing engagement with the flange 22 at unexpectedly high pressures and, in some instances, the closure element remains in place on the flange even after the metal of the container has failed due to excess pressure. Where the angle A is less than about 30°, it becomes difficult to remove the closure element from the metallic end and where the angle A is greater than about 40 and where the contents of the container are pressurized, the flexible closure element exhibits a tendency to slide over the flange 22. With reference to Figures 1, 4 and 5, it will be appreciated that the upper end of the beaded flange 22 includes a rounded portion 28 which cooperates with the outer curved portion of the recess 54 on the interior of the connecting portion 38 of the flexible closure element. Ideally, these surfaces are substantially complementary configurations in size, shape and curvature. As a result, when the closure element is installed on the flange of the end wall, there will be substantially full and complete contact between the rounded surface of the closure element and the surface 28 of the flange 22 upon initial positioning of the closure element over the opening prior to inverting the lever portion as shown in Figure 4 to the generally downwardly directed position as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 illustrates angle B which is the angle between plane 58 and the upwardly and inwardly directed panel 20. This angle B should range between about 25° and about 35° and preferably is about 25°. If the angle B exceeds about 35°, stackability of the closure device is impaired and if the angle B is less than about 25°, pourability through the metallic end suffers. The combined angle formed by angles A and B would thus be in the range of about 55° to about 75° and preferably would be about 60°. With reference to that of Figure 3, there is illustrated a top plan view showing the disposition of one of the looped pull straps 56 of the present invention, it being understood that a complementary pull strap is located on the opposite side as the closure device is symmetrical about the center line of Figure 3. The pull strap 56 has integral connection portions 60, 62 spaced approximately 50° apart to provide optimal leverage and with the arms 64, 66 extending from their respective integral attachment portions 60, 62 slightly outwardly of a radial line to provide a larger handle opening. The attachment portions are molded at a uniform thickness to avoid any abrupt variations which could form the focus of a tear or separation point in the straps after a number of uses. The diversions of the arm portions of each loop is approximately at a 15° angle outwardly of the attachment portion of each of the associated arms of the strap. Preferably, at least the arms 64, 66 of the straps are polygonally shaped with tapering side walls. As an additional venting aid, one or more vent slots 57 may be provided. As shown, these vent slots 57 are centered on straps 56, but they may alternately be provided at each attachment point or even as a series of serrations completely surrounding skirt 48. To avoid injury to the finger of the user due to contact with the outer rim of the lever portion, a reduced thickness section 59 may be provided as indicated in Figure 3. The entire closure device 14 including the pull straps 56 may be injection molded. Preferably, the closure element is made of a relatively stiff polypropylene such as that currently available from Himont, and identified by that company as Himont 6329 or a polyallomer of polypropylene and ethylene from Eastman Kodak and identified by that company as TENITE 5020. As will be apparent from the description hereinbefore, in preferred embodiments of this invention, the upper end of the beaded flange 22 includes a rounded portion 28 and the closure element 14 includes a portion 54 that is of substantially complementary configuration in size, shape and curvature to the rounded portion so that the rounded portion 28 and the surface 54 are in substantially full and complete contact with each other upon initial positioning of the closure element over the opening prior to inverting the lever portion 36 to its generally downwardly directed position. It is also a feature of preferred embodiments that, when viewed in vertical cross-section, the outer surface 26 of the beaded flange 22 immediately below the rounded portion 28 is a straight line, and the surface of the closure element 14 immediately below the complementary portion referred to in the last paragraph is also a straight line, whereby inverting of the lever portion brings the two straight line surfaces into contact with each other without any substantial sliding therebetween. A valuable feature of the closure device of this invention is that the nose portion 44 of the closure element, when the lever portion 36 is inverted to its downwardly directed position, sealingly contacts the outer surface 26 of the flange without mechanically hooking under the outer surface, and the connecting portion 38 sealingly contacts the flange in a tangential relationship defined between the central panel 34 and the flange, while the lever portion abuts against the tapering portion 20 of the metallic end wall. This arrangement facilitates removal of the closure element without damage and its subsequent use to reseal the can opening.

Claims: 1. A closure device for a can comprising a metallic end wall (12) having an opening (24) therethrough and a flexible closure element (14), said opening being substantially surrounded by a beaded flange (22) that flares outwardly relative to said opening, said flange including an exterior surface portion (26), said end wall including a wall portion (20) which surrounds said flange and extends at a selected angle relative to said exterior surface portion of said flange, said flexible closure element having a central panel (34), a lever portion (36) and a connecting portion (38) connecting said central panel with said lever portion, said lever portion being initially positioned in a first position, when said central panel is generally horizontally disposed, as a generally upwardly directed frustoconical skirt portion and having, as viewed in vertical cross-section, a nose (44) at its connection with said connecting portion, said metallic end wall and said closure element being constructed and arranged such that, upon positioning said closure element over said opening of said metallic end wall and moving said lever portion to a second position in which, when said central panel is generally horizontally disposed, said lever portion is in a generally downwardly directed position, said nose portion will sealingly engage at least a continuous annular part of said exterior surface portion of said flange, said central panel including first and second surfaces so disposed that, when said closure element is fitted on said flange of said opening of said end wall and said end wall is mounted on a can body, said first surface will face outwardly of said opening and said second surface (46) will face inwardly, characterised in that said second surface includes removal retarding means (48,50) for frictionally engaging at least a portion of said flange only as said closure element, having previously been engaged over said opening with said lever portion in said second position, is being removed from said opening to thereby provide a resistance to removal of said closure device at least until said retarding means is free of said flange. 2. A closure device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said removal retarding means (48,50) is out of contact with a sufficient portion of said flange (22) when said lever portion (36) is in said second position for said closure element (14) to be movable relative to said opening (24) in response to a predetermined pressure existing in the body of the can to which the end wall is attached. 3. A closure device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said removal retarding means (48,50) includes a peripheral surface (50) extending from said second surface (46) of said central panel (34) and located relative to said flange (22) so that as said central panel is flexed upon removal of said closure element (14) from said opening (24) at least a portion of said peripheral surface frictionally engages said flange. 4. A closure device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said peripheral surface (50) is associated with pressure venting means (57). 5. A closure device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said pressure venting means (57) comprises at least one groove formed in said peripheral surface (50) and extending generally transverse to said central panel (34). 6. A closure device as claimed in claim 3,4 or 5, wherein said peripheral surface (50) extends from an annular wall (52) which is spaced inwardly of said connecting portion (38) and extends radially outwardly from said peripheral surface. 7. A closure device as claimed in any of claims 3 to 6, wherein said peripheral surface (50) is provided on an annular ring portion (48) formed on said second surface (46). 8. A closure device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said ring portion (48) surrounds a hollowed out section of said central panel (34). 9. A closure device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said second surface (46) includes a peripheral surface (50) and said peripheral surface includes slot means (57) for venting the contents of the can body when said closure element (14) is removed. 10. A closure device as claimed in claim 9, wherein said slot means (57) comprises a plurality of recesses formed in said peripheral surface (50) and spaced about said peripheral surface. 11. A closure device as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein said slot means (57) is located on said peripheral surface (50) adjacent strap means (56) carried on said lever portion (36). 12. A closure device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, wherein said lever portion (36) at a radially outer section (42) tapers to become thinner as the radial distance from said central panel (34) increases, and strap means (56) are provided which are formed integrally with a portion of said radially outer section of said lever portion. 13. A closure device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said strap means (56) includes at least one loop having two spaced arms (64,66) with each arm having an end (60,62) formed integrally with said radially outer section (42) of said lever portion (36). 14. A closure device as claimed in claim 13, wherein said arms (64,66) at their points of juncture with said lever portion (36) are spaced apart approximately 50 degrees. 15. A closure device as claimed in claim 14, wherein said arms (64,66) diverge with respect to each other outwardly of said points of juncture (60,62) at an angle of approximately 15 degrees. 16. A closure device as claimed in claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein said arms (64,66) are of substantially uniform thickness along their respective lengths. 17. A closure device as claimed in any of claims 11 to 16, wherein two strap means (56) are provided spaced from each other about the lever portion (36). 18. A closure device as claimed in any of claims 13 to 16, wherein said lever portion (36) has a reduced thickness portion (59) between the points (60,62) where said arms (64,66) join said radially outer section (42) of said lever portion. 19. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim wherein, when said closure element (14) is positioned over said opening (24) in said metallic end (12) and said lever portion (36) is moved to its generally downwardly directed second position, said nose portion (44) sealingly contacts the outer surface (26) of said flange (22) without mechanically hooking under the outer surface of said flange, while said connecting portion (38) sealingly contacts said flange in tangential contact between said central panel (34) and said flange. 20. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said wall portion (20) of said metallic end wall (12) has a substantially frustoconical annular section extending outwardly from said flange (22) and said lever portion (36) has a smooth surfaced section which intimately engages said substantially frustoconical annular section when said lever portion is moved to said second position so as substantially to prevent ingress of dirt between said lever portion in said second position and said annular section of said wall portion. 21. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said selected angle between said wall portion (20) and said exterior surface portion (26) of said flange lies within the range of 55 to 75 degrees. 22. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said opening (24) of said end wall (12) has a neck portion of minimum diameter relative to other portions of said opening, said exterior surface portion (26) of said flange (22) extending at an angle of between 30 and 40 degrees to the plane of said neck portion. 23. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said beaded flange (22) includes an inwardly bent over end section (32) extending in the direction of said opening (24). 24. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said lever portion (36) is of increasing thickness in a radial inner segment (40) and of decreasing thickness in a radial outer segment (42). 25. A closure device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the upper end of said beaded flange (22) includes a rounded portion (28) and said closure element (14) includes a surface (54) that is of substantially complementary configuration in size, shape and curvature to said rounded portion so that said rounded portion and said surface on said closure element are in substantially full and complete contact with each other upon the initial positioning of said closure element over said opening prior to inverting said lever portion to said generally downwardly directed second position. 26. A closure as claimed in claim 25, wherein when viewed in vertical cross-section the surface (26) of said beaded flange (22) immediately below said rounded portion is a straight line, and the surface of said closure element (14) immediately below said complementary portion thereof is also a straight line, whereby said inverting brings the two straight line surfaces into contact with each other without any substantial sliding therebetween.

Inventors: ARFERT, HORST F. W., CUDZIK, DANIEL F., DONALDSON, ROGER H.
Applicants: REYNOLDS METALS COMPANY REYNOLDS METALS BUILDING
Application year: 1988
Main classification: B65D41
IPC codes: B65D41, B65D51