LAPPING-MACHINE, ESPECIALLY FOR FINE SURFACE-MACHINING OF BEARING BALLS

Abstract: The lapping-machine contains two congruent coaxially positioned machining disks, as well as a ball magazine surrounding the machining disks, composed of a stator and a rotor, provided with element(s) leading the balls between the disks. The common axis of the suitable formed machining disks encloses an angle with the axis of the ball magazine having a rotor with continuously adjustable speed of rotation and with means for the adjustment in height. Further, a main spindle which is supported in bearings of high accuracy and driven by a change-pole motor with interconnection of a speed-reducing and relieved transmission, guide rods arranged parallel to the axis of the main spindle for stiff guiding of the upper machining disk, a guided clamping hub for receiving the upper machining disk, further, a hydraulic cylinder - the pressure of which being continuously controlled during the processing - and a transmitting element for transmitting the hydraulic pressure to the machining disks during the processing.

Description: LAPPING-MACHINE ESPECIALLY FOR FINE SURFACE- ■ MACHINING OF BEARING BALLS Technical field The invention relates to a lapping-machine , especially for fine surface-machining of bearing ball having two congruent, coaxially located machining dis each provided m the contact surfaces with notches fo receiving the balls to be machined, as well as a ball magazine suri 'ujπding the machining disks, eomposeα ..! stator and a rotor. provided with lementf ) leariir.π the balls between the m&"hinιng disks cεsp Irj i-ig i out therefrom, further, a guide plement for qu 1 . di>"^ f. upper machining disk, as well as a mam sp ■ nri "1 ■• r-ι, rn-'πo +-he 1 "• er ac ining is . Background art It is well known that equipments developed tor chining bearing balls can be classified in two large groups: namely equipments provided with machining αisk and ball magazines with horizontal resp. vertical axes resp . Experiences having been gained in practice confirm that with vertical axis arranqe ent far be ter machining quality can be achieved than wi ^ the horizontally arranged 'ixes Several equipments with mac i'un disk-- .-, ■ th vertical 3*.. r m ~~ known, ut of these known equmi"°rt- the best ball macnining qualitv can be attained ith machines provided with annular hall magazines i'ig a vertical axis and surrounding the machining diskό The considerable disadvantage of the known machines lies in that when the balls are instreaming between the machining disks - as the upper plane of tn lower machining disk and the bottom plate of the ball 5 magazine fall in the same plane - charge of the balls becomes possible only by heaping up of the balls. resulting in a "turbulence" causing retention of the balls, as a consequence, the balls arrive between the notches of the machining disk almost with zero speed 10 A further disadvantage of the known machines lies in that outstream level of the balls is identical with the level of the bottom plate of the ball magazin as a consequence, outstream and forwarding of the ball respectively involves the danger of the retention of 1 single balls and the balls may become damaged. Several experiments have been directed to the elimination of the retention of the outstreaming ball so e.g. in some of the known machines auxiliary mea-'-- " . used to be arranged for lifting out the balls, however 20 this solution included the disadvantage that not oniv the machine became complicated but a new source of bal damaging was effected. Another disadvantage of -he knov*j machines lies in that the guiding of the upper machining disk is not Z > sufficiently stiff, as a consequence, the so-called disk notch-widening effect - resulting from the additional forces arising during the machining - could not be eliminated, so quality of machining became even worse. With the known solutions drive of tne main spindle and its bearing involve further sources of failure, consequently accuracy of run of bearing is not at all satisfactory, further, the main spindle driven with gears, in this way oscillations are transferred to the machining disks during the machi ing, so satisfactory quality cannot be achieved. A further drawback of known machines lies that dimensions resp. dimensional ratios of the machining disks do not enable partly approximately identical rolling-down and machining conditions between the notches of the inner and outer machinin disk?, partly the upper machining disk cannot be opened to such an extent, as it would be desirable for the lπstrea ing resp. outstreaminq of tne halls to be processed. As a consequence, with the known machines the balls are heaped up and remained back Disclosure of Invention " The aim of the present inve tion l ies in to develop a machine, being suitable especially for lao bearing balls, which Ruminates failures of the machines known up to now and moves the whole charge the pre-processed balls during the machining under- optimal conditions of circulation and delivery, whic assures the accurate and oscillation-free run of the main spindle and of the lower machining disk in course of processing; a further requirement lies in the stiff guiding of the upper machining disk, in the possibility of continuous regulation of the pressure of the machining disks and speed of rotatio of the ball magazine without the necessity of stoppi the machine, in the possible speed change of the mai spindle by the aid of a change-pole motor, simultane a high accuracy in respect tc dimensions, geometry, as well as surf-aci ' al accuracy nf the processed ball "hsrge are imperative. Ac-rord figly, the present invention p^oviαss ^ \appιng-macr..ιne of type referted to <n tr. ecfi r i"a fielrl. wnerei.n the comrπor, a is of the suitably ^or ec machining disks encloses an angle with + axis of tn ball magazine having a rotor with continuously adjust able opeed of rotation and with means for the adjust¬ ment in height, the common axis of the machim.nπ cisk or that of the hail magazine b ing vertically directe further, the lapping-machine contains a main spindle which is supported in bearings of high accurac, and driven by a change-pole motor with interconnect, n c a speed-reducing and relieved transmission guide re¬ arranged parallel to the axis of the mam spm-dl- Cor stiff guiding of the upper machining disk, further a hydraulic cylinder - the pressure of which being con¬ tinuously controlled during the processing - and a transmitting element for transmitting the hydrauliτ pressure to the machining^ disks during the processing Preferably the speed-reducing and relieved transmission having been inserted into the drive unit of the main spindle is formed of a V-belt and a V-pulley. The elements transmitting the hydraulic pressure to the machining disks during the processing can be formed as a draw g-in spindle provided witn a divided nut, including a pressure-equalizing Belle¬ ville spring. According to a preferred embodiment o th invention, a bearing supporting both, r-adiai and ax forces effecting on the ball magazine is Drovideα, further, the rotor is connected to the hydrauHc d .with a continuously adjustable drive through a ' connecting rod, a spur gear and a gear rim, furthe it comprises spur gears with threaded bore and dri from an electromotor through a gear rim driven by worm drive and a gear ; threaded spindles fitted in the threaded bore of the spur gears and supports connected to the threaded spindles. Preferably, the connecting rod is formed carda joints. According to a preferred embodiment, tnp - ,f +the spur gears driven by the gear rim a; we as the spindles connected to the spur gears are pro id with trapezoidal thread. In an arrangement, the common axis of the machining disks - enclosing an angle with the verti intersects the axis of the ball magazine during the processing above the plane of the bottom plate of t rotor of the ball magazine. Tn another arrangement, the common vertica axis of the machining disks intersects the axis of the ball magazine - which surrounds the machining disks and is connected thereto through ball -guiding element(s and the axis of which encloses an angle with the vertical - in the plane of the bottom la of the rotor of the ball magazine. In a preferred embodiment the rotor ϊ the ball magazine is driven by an electric drive unit. Brief Description of Drawings The invention will be described in detail by means of preferred: embodiments example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows the top vie* of the machine according to the invention; Fig, 2 is the side view of the machine accordin to Fig. i, shown m a longitudinal secti Fig. 3 shows the position of the machining disk of the machine according to the in a sectional view; Fig, 4 - shows the top vie* of the machining disk according to Fig. 3 with the elements leading in and out the balls; fig- 4- a shows a sectional view taken along tne plane A-A of Fir,. 4; fi . 4/u shows e sεcti ~ai viε taken alocig tn«. plane B-B of Fig. 4; Fig. * r : shows a sectional view of the machining disks taken along the plane C-C of ιg. and Fig. shuws a sectional view of another possib position of the machining disks of tne machine according to the invention. Best Mode of Carrying Out the Invention Fig. 1 shows the relative position of the machining disks - fastened together by means of a nut 21 - and the ball magazine 4 surrounding the machining disk, as well as the formation and arrangem of the ball leading elements. Formation of the ball leading elements corresponds essentially to the desig of the ball leading elements applied on known machi Guide roαs 5 assure stiff guiding of the upper mac ing disk. The extension on the upper machining disk - on the side laying opposite to the ball leading .elements - is connected to a hydraulic lifting unit for the adjustment in height of the upper machining disk . Motion conditions of the ball lapping- machine in course of processing can be well followe hy the aid of the arrows, so e.g. the arrow 35 refe the direction of rotation of the rotor 3 of the bal magazine 4, when the rotating rotor 3 transfers the balls to be processed in direction of the arrow 57 between the notches of the machining disks 1 ana 2. by means of ball leading elements, where actual machining of the balls is taking place. In course o processing the lower machining disk - not illustrat here - rotates in direction of -{he arrow 35, as a co sequence ^ cf this rotary motion the balls already pro cessed and laying in the notches of the machining disks are streaming out along the ball leading elements into the rotor 3 of the ball magazine 4, as indicated by the arrow 38. "Migration of the bal as described above is repeated several times in cou of a machining cycle. According to another preferred embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the machine is provided with a ball magazine 4 with vertical axis and with machi ing disks 1 and 2, the axis of which encloses an angled- with the vertical. The upper machining disk is arranged on a clamping hub 22, while the lower rotating machining disk 2 is arranged on a main spindle 6 driven by a change-pole motor 30, with a speed-reducing and relieved transmission consisting of a Vee belt 24 and the Vee belt pulley 25 uide rods - arranged parallel with the axis 31 nf ne main spindle 6- - assure stiff gu t dp of t^e uppt- machining dis!-.' 1 Th upper machining disk 1 and the 1-oweι machining disk 2 are fastened togethei with tne insertion of the balls 39 oy a drawing in spindle 20 connected to the hydraulic cylinder 8 and the rut 21 providing with a Belleville spring ?9. The clamping hub 22 of the upper machining disk 1 is provided also with tne hydraulic lifting unit 19 which serves partly to establish the differen in height of the machining disks 1 and 2, partly it facilitates exchange of the disks. Rotor 3 of the ball magazine 4 is driven fro the hydraulic continuously variable speed drive 18 - preferably a worm drive - by means of a connecting rod 17 with cardan joints, a spur gear 16 connected t the connecting rod 17, and a gear rim 26 arranged below the ball magazine 4. The bearing 23 takes UD the radial and axial loading of the ball magazine 4. The gear II driven by the electromotor 10. with speed-reducing transmission resp. the spur gears rotated by the gear rim 12 and provided with a threaded bore - preferably with a bore with trapezoid thread - are supporting the lower stator 7 of the bal magazine 4 and lift resp. sink it in direction of the main spindle 6, further, the machine is provided with threaded - preferably trapezoidal - threaded-spindles performing an axial motion In the spur gears 13 and c nected to the supports 15, which again are connected the lower part of the ball magazine 4. Preferably, th number of the elements moving the ball magazine 4 to- wards the main spindle 6 amounts to three. In the present embodiment, the machin g d.. and 2 are positioned so that the axes of the mach:n disks 1 and 2 enclosing the angle d with the veit±ca intersect the vertical axis of the ball magazine 4 the bottom plane of the rotor 3 of the ball magazine i. . .e. in the plane of the bottom plate of the rotor 3. Fig. " 5 shows the relative position of the machining disks 1 and 2 and the ball magazine 4 of tn machine according to the invention. In Fig. 3 it ca-> well seen that in course of processing the balls 39 are laying between the notches 27 and 28 of the macni lng disk ' s 1 and 2. In the present case the ball magaz and the machining disks 1 and 2 are positioned so tha the vertical axis 33 of the ball magazine 4 intersect the common a ιs 32 of the machining disks 1 and 2 - enclosing an angled with the vertical - above the bottom plate 34 of the rotor 3 of the ball magazine 4 Fig. 4 illustrates the relative position of the machining disks 1 and 2 according to Fig. 3 and the ball magazine 4 in a top view. Arrows in Fig. 4 indicate motion conditions in course of processing, these are in compliance with those having been described in connection with Fig. 1. Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate separately th ball stream conditions during the processing. Fig, 4b shows the instream of the balls ? " ? from the rotor 3 of the ball magazine 4 into the notches 27 and 28 of the machining disks ] and 2, while Fig. 4a illustrates the outstream from the space between the notches 27 and 28 As it ' becomes obvious from Figs. 4a to nc . balls 39 are instreaming below the plane of the bottom plate 4 of the ball magazine 4, while they outstream above said plare, accordingly, the instrea and outstream of the balls 39 is taking place exclusively gravitationally, therefore, on heaping u damages and retention of the balls may not be cal¬ culated. For order's sake it should be mentioned that the elements leading in and out the balls 39 are essentially identical with the elements applied on known machines, the only difference lies in their dimensions and formation, being in compliance with t preferably shaped machining disks used on the machin according to the invention. Fig. 5 illustrates the relative position of the machining disks 1 anc 2 an the ball magazine 4 a further preferred embodiment of the invention. With the embodiment illustrated here the common axis of the machining disks is vertical and the axis of the ball magazine 4 encloses an angle oi with the vertical. It goes without saying that also in this embodiment two versions may be realized, namely when the vertical common axis of the machining disks 1 and 2 intersects the axis of the ball magazine 4 - enclosing an angleeC with the vertical - above the bottom plate 34 of the rotor 3 of the ball magazine 4, and in the plane thereof, respectively At the same time we wish to remark that by a slight modification of the position of the elements leading in and out the balls, the point of intersection of the axes may also lie under the plane of the bottom plate 34 of the ball magazine 4, while this arrange ment does not influence the quality of processing at all. The lapping-machine according to the inventi operates as follows: In all cases cycle of processing starts witn filling up the ball magazine 4 - the quantity of bal corresponds to one charge of processing -. Thereafte the worm drive 18 is actuated; said worm drive 18 pu the rotor 3 of the ball magazine 4 a rotary motion through the connecting rod 17 with cardan joints, th spur gear 16 attac ed to the connecting rod 17, as w 10 as through the gear rim 2fa connected to the bottom p of the ball magazine 4. Now the main spindle 6 is pu into motion, which is essentially performed by switc lng-nn the change-pole motor ' 30, when the change-pol motor 30, the drivt 9, the V-belt 24 connected to T drive 9 and the relieved V-belt pulley 25 put the mai spindle 6 and therewith the machining disk 2 into a rotary motion. Upon the minimal pressure prevailing i the hydraulic cylinder 8 the connection between the machining disks 1 and 2 needed for processing is 20 established by the aid of drawing-in spindle 20 and the nut 21 provided with a Belleville spring 29, thereby cycle of machining may begin. In order to obtain proper circulation of the balls and adequate flow of the cooling-lubricating '? '.- liquid needed for processing, pressure of the hydta_l cylinder 8 is set to the desired value and regulated according to necessity in course of processing. After having finished cycle of processing, the Dalls are removed. 0 In case, if the height of the machining disk 2 made of cast iron changed - resulting from the subsequent machining of the disks due to wear - heigh is to be adjusted on the ball magazine 4. Adjustment " t i ¬ in height is performed by starting the electro¬ motor 10, resp, by actuating the drive units connecte to he electrc-motor 10, so the gear II, the gea l li ' c the πupnort 1' In course of adjustment resp. exchange of -The fs.achιnir-g d;sks 1 and 2. the upper machining ri i τ ran be lifted through the clamping hub 22, bv the B 1 G of the hydraulic lifting unit 19. ρ res≤ure change resulting from machining and external pulses. oscillations in course of processing, arising on tn p machining disks 1 and 2 can be compensated by the Belleville spring 29 forming the element of the con¬ struction fastening together the machining disk- ; and 2 The described manner of driving of tne rτ, Γ ; spindle provides the possibility for machining the balls with smaller or larger dimensions with differen speed of rotation of the disks, being in compliance with prevailing ball sizes. For order's sake it should be mentioned that the embodiment specified here represents a preferred version of the invention but it is not at all restricted to this single embodiment. In such a manne e.g. instead of the specified mechanic elements of drive resp control, any other driving units resn. driving elements may be applied, supposing that these are well suitable for fulfilling identical tasks, so e.g in case ϊ ∑ driving of the structural elements and condition of machining can be assured, electric drive elements can be used, resp. the whole machine can be completely automatized. It goes without saying that in this case the whole machine should be provide with known elements required for automatization. _ ~ ~*. , The advantages of the lapping-machine according to the invention are as follows- - equal flow of the balls can be achieved during the complete cycle of machining, inflow of t balls between the machining disks can be realized gravitationally , free of turbulence, by the full elimination of eventual damages; - precise bearing support of the lower machining disk, oscillation-free drive, accurate and stiff guide of the upper machining disk enable optim conditions for tne production of balls in the prescr quality and true to shape; - a further advantage lies in that by the f elimination of damages of the balls, extent of waste can be reduced to the minimum.

Claims: Claims 1. Lapping-machine, especially for fine surface-machining of bearing balls, having two congruent, coaxially located machining disks, each provided on the contact surfaces with notches for receiving the balls to be machined, as well as a ball magazine surrounding the machining disks, composed of a stator and a.rotor, provided with element(s) lead¬ ing the balls between the machining disks resp. leadi them out therefrom, further, a guide element for guid ing the upper machining disk, as well as a main spind for driving the lower machining disk, c h a r a c t e i z e d in that suitable formed machining disks (1, 2) are provided, the common axis of which enclose an angle (° with the vertical, further a ball magazine (4) with vertical axis, having a rotor (3) with continuously adjustable speed of rotation and with means for the adjustment in height, further, there are a main spindle (6) supported in bearings of high accuracy and driven from the change-pole motor ( with the interconnection of a speed-reducing and relieved transmission, guide rods (5) arranged parallel with the axis (31) of the main spindle (6) for the stiff guiding of the upper machining disk (1) further, a hydraulic cylinder (8) - the pressure of which can be continuously controlled in course of processing - and a transmitting element (20) for transmitting the hydraulic pressure to the machining disks (1, 2) during the processing. 2- L-apping-machine , especially for the f surface-machining of bearing balls, having two congruent, coaxially located machining disks with a vertical axis and provided on the contact surfaces with notches for receiving the balls to be machined " as well as a ball magazine consisting of a rotor an a stator, said ball magazine surrounds the machinin disks and it is provided with element(s) leading th balls to be machined between the machining disks 10 resp leading them out therefrom, further, a guide element for guiding the upper machining disk and a main spindle for driving the lower machining disk, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a ball magazine is provided, the axis of which encloses an angle (< ■ with the vertical, the ball magazine (4) has a rotor ' 3) with continuously adjustable speed of rotation and i means for the adjustment in heigh further, there are a main spindle (6) supported in bearings with high recision and driven from the >r. change-pole motor (30) with the interconnection cf a speed- reducing and relieved transmission, guide rods (5; arrange parallel with the axis ( 1 machining disk 1) , further, a guided clamping nub for the upper machining disk (1), a hydraulic 5 cylinder (8) - the pressure of which can be con¬ tinuously controlled during the process - and a transmitting element (20) for transmitting the hydraulic pressure to the machining disks (1, 2) in course of processing. 3. Lapping-machine as claimed m Claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the speed- reducing and relieved transmission ->aviπg been insert into -* drive unit of the main spindle (ό^ Is farmed c.f a v- Plt (2 . and d V-puIley (25) 4 t.apping-machine as ' claimed in Claim 1 or 7 t c h a r a t e r i z e d in that the element transmitting the hydraulic pressure to the machining disks (i, 2) during the processing is formed as a drawir,g-in spindle (20) provided with a divided nut including a pressure-equalizing Belleville spring (27 5. Lapping-machine as claimed in any of the preceding Claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a bearing (23) supporting both radial and axial force effecting on the ball magazine (4) is provided, furth there is a rotor (3) connected to the hydraulic drive (18) with a continuously adjustable drive throu a connecting rod (17), a spur gear (16) and a gear- πm r 26), further, it comprises spur gears (13) with threaded bore and driven from an electromotor (10) through a gear rim (12) driven by a worm drive and a gear '11 threaded spindles (14) fitted into the threaded bore of the spur gears (13- and supports (15 connected to the threaded spindles (14). 6. Lapping-machine as claimed in Claim 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the connecting rod (17) is formed with cardan joints. 7. Lapping-machine as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the bores of the spur gears (13) driven by the gear rim (12) j as well as the spindles (14) connected to the spur gears (13) are provided with trapezoidal thread. 8. Lapping -machine as claimed in any uf t Plains 1 to ~ ! , c h a r a c t e r i z e in that common ax:" ">f the machining disk- ( 1. . ?. encLosing ar arc (<O with the ertical - in ersects t- t- axis 33 ' ,- of th cOc-.-e the oido of the bot Lorn plate ( 34- of the rot:.-,- ' ' ■ of r-σ hall agizins ( 4) 9 Lappiny -machine as claimed in any of th p^ecedino claims, c h a r a c t o r i z e d in tha the common vertical axis (32) of t e machining disks (i, 2 " intersects the axis (33) of the ba 1 1 magazine - which surrounds the disks (1, 2^ and is co> nected thereto through ball-guiding element(s' : and the axis of which encloses an angle (c ) with the verticai - 15 the plane of the bottom plate (34) of the rotor (3 the ball magazine (4). 10 I opiπg-machine as claimed in any of th OTdcedinπ claims c h a r a c t e r i z e d in tha t.nP rotor ( ; of toe ball magazine '4) is driven h ? ' ■ an electric dri e unit

Inventors: BALOGH SANDOR, BORSOS LASZLO, NAGY ANDRAS, SZABOLCSI TIBOR, BALOGH, SANDOR, BORSOS, LASZLO, NAGY, ANDRAS, SZABOLCSI, TIBOR
Applicants: MAGYAR GOERDUELOECSAPAGY MUEVE, MAGYAR GOERDUELOECSAPAGY MUEVEK
Application year: 1988
Main classification: B24B11
IPC codes: B24B11, B24B37