Frame construction for the press section of a paper machine

Abstract: Frame construction for the press section of a paper machine, which comprises, in the direction of running of the paper web (W), first a front frame (50) and after that a separate rear frame (60). On the front and rear frame (50,60) press rolls (13,21,31,33, 34) are mounted, at least some of which rolls belong to a compact press roll combination (13,16,21,22), in which there are press nips (N₁,N₂,N₃) between press rolls, through which said nips the press fabrics (10,20, 30,40) are passed. In view of facilitating the replacement of press rolls and press fabrics, the frame construction comprises a space (T), which is placed between the front frame and rear frame (50,60), which are not connected together, and above the said press roll combination (13,16,31,21), and which said space (T) is constantly at least partly open, through which said space (T) the different press rolls in the said combination can be replaced and which said space also facilitates the replacement of the press fabrics (10,10a,10b) provided in its connection.

Description: The invention concerns a frame construction for the press section of a paper machine as defined in the preamble of claim 1. In prior-art compact press sections of a paper machine, such as the applicant's so-called Sym-Press (TM) press section, above the press rolls, both at the service side and at the operating side of the paper machine, there have been horizontal beams which connect the front frame and the rear frame of the press section permanently together. In this connection, and so also in the following description, the front frame means the frame part that is placed, in the direction of running of the web, before the compact press roll combination, to which said front frame, e.g., the suction roll of the press is feed. In a corresponding way, the rear frame means the frame part placed after the press roll combination. DE-A-3 541 943 discloses a frame construction and method in a paper machine press section having a compact press roll combination forming at least two press nips through which a paper web runs, the frame construction and method facilitating the removal and replacement of the fabrics and/or press rolls. The frame construction includes a front frame situated before the press roll combination and a rear frame separate from the front frame situated after the roll combination. The space above the roll combination and between the front and rear frames is opened or openable by pivoting an intermediate frame situated above the roll combination into an open position. The replacement of fabrics and press rolls are carried out by utilizing the open space obtained by pivoting the intermediate frame. The intermediate frame comprises two separate frame parts, namely, a front intermediate frame which is pivoted around horizontal articulated joints attached to the front frame, and a rear intermediate frame is pivoted around horizontal articulated joints attached to the rear frame. The intermediate frame is closed by coupling the outer parts thereof to a stationary intermediate frame part mounted, for example, on the bearing housings of the center roll of the press. In connection with the prior-art frame parts of the said press sections, difficulties have occurred in relation to the replacement both of the press fabrics and of the press rolls. These problems have increased with the increase in the widths of the paper machines, in particular owing to the fact that the press rolls have become ever longer and heavier. The said problems have, for its part, also been increased by the fact that press fabrics which are made of plastic materials and which are rigid in the transverse direction have started being used ever increasingly, which said press fabrics cannot be jammed into a bundle, because they would be thereby wrinkled and become unusable. Beloit Corporation has attempted to solve the problems described above by means of a so-called "Flip-top" (trade mark of Beloit Corporation) frame construction. In this prior-art frame solution for a press section, such a top frame is used as is provided with a pivot shaft parallel to the transverse direction of the paper machine and placed above the press rolls, whereby either the top part of the front frame or the top part of the rear frame can be opened around said pivot shaft. The two top parts of the frame cannot be opened at the same time. By opening the top part of the front frame, it is possible to facilitate the replacement of the pick-up fabric of the press section and the replacement of the fabric that usually acts as the press fabric in the first nip and in the second nip. The top part of the rear frame is locked as a frame part on whose support the opening-dumping of the top part of the front frame takes place. Correspondingly, when the top part of the front frame is in the closed-locked position, the top part of the rear frame can be dumped so that the press fabric of the third press nip can be replaced. The lower fabric of the first nip, which runs mainly in the basement space, is replaced by means of arrangements known per se. The above "Flip-top" solution can be characterized as a sort of a "drawbridge" which is opened around an articulated joint placed expressly at the middle of the bridge, and only one half of the bridge can be opened at a time. From the above DE-A-3 541 943 frame constructions for press sections are known in which the front frame and the rear frame are connected to each other and/or to the intermediate frame of the central roll in the press by means of various openable and closable intermediate frames. Such openable and closable intermediate frames are in themselves usable, but they increase the cost of manufacture of the frame part, because relatively massive frame components must be provided with articulated joints and with means of opening and closing. When compact press roll arrangements are used, problems of space are also encountered, because several different press rolls with their auxiliary devices must be accommodated in a relatively limited space. This is why it has been necessary to place the frame parts that connect the front frame and the rear frame to each other or to the intermediate frame, with their opening and closing means, in highly congested spaces, which results in problems both for the construction and for the operation. The object of the present invention is to provide improvements for these problems. In view of achieving the object stated above and those that will appear below, the frame construction for the press section in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 has got the features defined in the characterizing clause of claim 1. According to the invention, a separate front frame and a rear frame, which are not connected to each other, are used so that a constantly open space remains above the compact press roll arrangement, which said space is not closed at all, and the front frame and the rear frame are not connected to each other or to the intermediate frame at any stage, at least not by robust and spacious frame parts proper. If required, the said open space can be made wider by arranging the foremost guide roll of the second upper fabric journalled on the intermediate frame and detachable as well as displaceable to an inner position in connection with the replacement of press rolls or of the second upper fabric. Moreover, the press roll mounted on the rear frame, which is usually the uppermost press roll, is preferably mounted on an articulated intermediate frame, which can be dumped at the front part of the rear frame to an inner position, so that an ever wider free space is opened for the replacement of the press rolls and/or of the different fabrics. The press section in accordance with the invention can be applied, e.g., in connection with the applicant's Sym-Press I or Sym-Press II press sections as well as in other, corresponding closed press sections. When a frame part of a press in accordance with the invention is applied, the front frame and the rear frame are dimensioned separately sufficiently rigid in view of various phenomena of vibration. Recently, it has been noticed surprisingly that connecting of the front frame and the rear frame by means of an intermediate frame does not reduce the tendencies of vibration of the frame parts, at least not to a decisive extent. In connection with the frame part in accordance with the invention, it is possible to use either press fabrics in the form of a closed loop, preferably plastic fabrics, or so-called seamable press fabrics, in which latter case openable and closable intermediate pieces are not necessarily needed in connection with the side frames of the frame parts, which, for its part, makes the frame construction simpler and less expensive. In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention, illustrated in the figure in the accompanying drawing, whereat the invention is by no means strictly confined to the details of the said exemplifying embodiment. The figure is a schematical side view of a paper-machine press section provided with a frame construction in accordance with the invention. The press section shown in the figure comprises a closed press roll combination 13,16,21,31, whose press rolls form three press nips N₁,N₂ and N₃, which remove water from the web W, between the rolls. Moreover, the press section includes a fourth, separate nip N₄, which is formed between the press rolls 33 and 43. The press section comprises a first upper fabric 10 and a first lower fabric 20 (as a rule, felts), both of which said fabrics run through the first nip N₁ and of which fabrics the first fabric 10 acts as a pick-up fabric and, moreover, as a press fabric in the second nip N₂. The second upper fabric 30 runs through the third nip N₃, and the fourth press fabric 40, which is a lower fabric, acts as the lower press fabric in the fourth nip N₄. Inside the loop of the first fabric 10, there is a pick-up roll 11 provided with a suction zone 11a and transferring the web from the forming wire 27 to the run between the rolls 13a and 13b. The figure also shows a part of the upper wire 28 and its guide rolls 29a and 29b. The fabric 10 is guided by guide rolls 12,12a,12b. The lower fabric 20 runs as guided by the guide rolls 22. Correspondingly, the second upper fabric 30 is guided by the guide rolls 32,32a,32b. The fourth fabric 40, which transfers the web W from the transfer roll 18 into the last nip N₄, runs as guided by the suction-transfer rolls 41 and 42 as well as by the guide rolls 42′. As is shown in the figure, inside the first upper fabric 10 a second fabric 10a is arranged, which has a smaller loop and which is guided by the guide rolls 12′. The lower roll 21 of the first nip N₁ is mounted in an intermediate part 23. The intermediate part 23 is attached to the front frame 50 by means of pivot shafts 25. The intermediate part 23 can be pivoted by means of hydraulic cylinders 24, by means of which it is also possible to provide loading of the nip N₁. The suction roll 13 in the press is mounted on the intermediate part 14, which is again mounted by means of pivot shafts 15 on the front frame 50, preferably at its outermost point. The front frame 50 is provided with intermediate pieces 55. When the intermediate pieces 55 are opened and the front frame 50 is cantilevered, the upper fabric 10 can be replaced. In connection with the replacement, the nips N₁ and N₂ are open. For the replacement of the upper fabric 30, the rear frame 60 is provided with intermediate pieces 75. Correspondingly, the rear frame 60 is provided with an intermediate piece 76 for the replacement of the fourth fabric 40. The upper roll 33 in the fourth nip N₄ is mounted from above on the rear frame 60 by the intermediate of the frame parts 68. The lower roll 43 in the fourth nip N₄ is mounted on the intermediate part 70, which is attached to the rear frame 60 by means of pivot shafts 71. The intermediate part 70 can be pivoted by means of the hydraulic cylinders 72 so as to open and to load the nip N₄. The press roll 31 in the third nip N₃ is mounted on the intermediate part 61, which is attached to the front part of the rear frame 60 by means of pivot shafts 62. The intermediate part 61 can be pivoted by means of the hydraulic cylinders 63 to an upper position so as to open the nip N₃ and to replace the third fabric 30. In connection with the replacement of the fabric 30, the intermediate part 61 can be locked in connection with the projection part 66 of the front frame 60 by means of locking devices 65a and 65b. The foremost guide roll 32a of the third fabric 30 is mounted on the frame part 92, which is again fixed in connection with the intermediate frame 90 above it, preferably in connection with the upper part of the bearing supports of the central roll 16. The passage of the web W starting from the pick-up point P is as follows. The suction sector 11a of the pick-up roll 11 detaches the web W from the wire 27 and makes it adhere to the lower face of the fabric 10, on which the web W passes through the two-felt nip N₁. The lower roll 21 in the nip N₁ is provided with a hollow face 21′. After the nip N₁ , the web W follows along with the first upper fabric 10 by the effect of the suction sector 13a of the suction roll 13. In the second nip N₂ the web W is transferred onto the face of the smooth-faced 16′ centre roll 16, e.g. a rock roll, and further into the third nip N₃, after which the web W follows along with the centre roll 16 and, being guided by the transfer roll 18, is transferred onto the fabric 40 on the suction sector 41a of the suction roll 41 and further, being supported by the fabric 40, into the nip N₄. After the nip N₄ the web W follows along with the smooth-faced press roll 33, from which it is transferred onto the alignment roll 46 and onto the single-draw fabric 44 in the drying section, which said fabric 44 is guided by the guide rolls 49. The web W is passed as a single-fabric draw into the drying section, of which three upper cylinders 47 and two lower cylinders 48 are shown in the figure. The press-section frame construction in accordance with the present invention comprises a front frame 50 and a fully separate rear frame 60, which is not connected to the front frame. The front frame 50 and the rear frame 60 are separate in such a way that they are separated by a space T open at the top, which said space can be utilized in accordance with the invention for the replacement of the press rolls 13,16,21 and 31. The said open space T also facilitates the replacement of the upper fabrics 10 and 30. The invention is also suitable for use in such presses in which, in connection with the central roll 16, there are two nips with fabrics of their own. The separate frame parts 50 and 60 in accordance with the invention are designed so that, even when separate, they are sufficiently rigid, e.g., in view of various vibration phenomena. The press frame construction shown in the figure also includes an intermediate frame 90, on which the central roll 16 in the compact press is supported and journalled. In the figure, the intermediate frame 90 is separate from the front frame 50 and the rear frame 60 so that the lower fabric 20 and the fourth fabric 40 can be replaced. When a separate nip N₄ is used in addition to the compact press roll combination, it is preferable to use an intermediate frame separate from the front frame 50 and rear frame 60 described above so as to permit replacement of the lower fabric 40. In such a case the invention can also be accomplished so that the central roll 16 is supported on the front side of the rear frame 60 either directly or by the intermediate of a projection part or equivalent. In such a case, the roll geometry must be modified to some extent as compared with what is shown in the figure, in particular in respect of the rolls 18,31,32 and 41. If a nip N₄ is not used, such a variation is also possible in which the intermediate frame 90 is connected to the rear frame 60 by means of horizontal beams or equivalent. According to the figure, the foremost guide roll 32a of the second upper fabric 30 is mounted on supports 92, which are again attached to the bearing supports of the central roll 16, which are again attached to the intermediate frame 90. When the guide roll 92a is arranged detachable from its supports 92, a passage can be opened for the replacement of the press rolls. Another, alternative mode, which is obviously not equally advantageous, of supporting the guide roll 32a is to arrange it in connection with the intermediate part 61 for the press roll 31. Thereat, when the intermediate part 61 is pivoted to the upper position, the guide roll 32a is shifted away from the path for the replacement of the press rolls or, if necessary, even then the press roll 32a can be arranged detachable and displaceable to the inner position 32a′. In the following, the replacement of various fabrics and press rolls will be described. When the first fabric 10 is being replaced, the intermediate pieces 55 and the pick-up point P as well as the press nips N₁,N₂ are opened, the latter nip by raising the intermediate frame 14 to the upper position by means of the hydraulic cylinders 17. Hereinafter the guide roll 12a of the fabric 10 is shifted along the path a₀ to the position 12a′ to the parking site 51. Correspondingly, the second upper guide roll 12b is shifted along the path b₀ to the position 12b′ to the parking site 51. Hereinafter the new fabric 10 can be passed through the spaces made free by the intermediate pieces 55 to its position. The upper fabric 30 is replaced as follows. The foremost guide roll 32a of the fabric 30 is detached from its supports 92 and shifted along the path a₁ to an inner upper position 32a′ to the parking site 67. In a corresponding way, the rearmost guide roll 32b of the upper fabric is shifted along the path b₁ to an inner position 32b to the parking site 68. The intermediate pieces 57 and the nip N₃ are opened by raising the intermediate part 61 by means of actuating devices 63 to the upper position. Hereinafter the new fabric 30 is passed to around the guide rolls to be placed inside the fabric through the spaces in the side frame that are allowed by the intermediate pieces 57 to remain free. Hereupon the new fabric 30 is spread out to its full length and, by shifting the guide rolls 32a′ and 32b′ to their normal operating positions, the nip N₃ is closed and the fabric 30 is tensioned. The lower fabric 40 in the fourth nip is replaced so that the intermediate pieces 45 are opened and the lower guide rolls of the fabric are shifted in the direction shown by the arrows a₂ and b₂ to the upper positions 80a and 80b, whereupon, through the spaces made free by the opened intermediate pieces 45, the new fabric 40 is passed to its operating position while the nip N₄ is open. Hereinafter the rolls 80a and 80b are shifted into the basement space to their lower positions (not shown). In a corresponding way, the second fabric 20 is replaced by opening the intermediate pieces 56 and by shifting the lower guide roll 80c to the upper position in the direction shown by the arrow c₂. When the nip N₁ is open, the new fabric 20 is placed as suitably spread out around its guide rolls, and the guide roll 80c is shifted into the basement space to its lower position (not shown). The press rolls 13,16,21 and 31 are replaced as follows by making use of the open space T remaining between the separate frame parts 50 and 60. In connection with the replacement of the said rolls, the upper fabrics 10 and 30 have been removed. The guide roll 32a of the second upper fabric 30 is detached from its supports and shifted to the upper position 32a′ to the parking site 67. The intermediate frame 61 is pivoted to the upper position and fixed in that position by means of the locking devices 65a and 65b. Hereinafter the press roll 31 can be lifted freely by means of a crane through the open space T. If required, the central roll 16 can also be detached and lifted directly, without any lateral shifting, by making use of the open space T, by means of the traverse crane (not shown) of the paper machine hall. The suction roll 13 can also be lifted, initially through the space between the front frame 50 and the intermediate frame 90, and thereupon through the open space T between the front frame 50 and the rear frame 60. The press roll 21 can also be lifted the upper way, after the rolls 31,16 and 13 have been displaced and after the lower fabric 20 has been removed. The outermost point of the front frame 50 is placed at the pivot shafts 15 of the intermediate frame 14 of the suction roll 13. In a corresponding way, the outermost point of the rear frame 60 is placed at the front side of the projection part 66. If the said outermost points are taken into account, the construction is preferably such that the centre of rotation of the central roll 16 is placed substantially halfway between the said outermost points in the horizontal direction, i.e. the said fully opened free space T is placed exactly above the central roll 16. In the figure the width of the open space T is denoted with L. This width is calculated as the horizontal distance in the machine direction between the outermost point of the front frame 50, which is placed at the pivot shafts 15 of the intermediate frame 14, and the outermost point of the rear frame, which is placed at the front side of the projection part 66 of the rear frame. According to the invention, the front frame and the rear frame are fitted in relation to each other and dimensioned so that the width L of said free space T is somewhat larger than the maximum diameter of the press rolls, which is in the figure the diameter D of the central roll 16. As a rule, L = k x D , wherein k is within the range of 1.1...2.0, preferably k = 1.4...1.7. When a sufficiently wide free space T is used in accordance with the invention, at least the central roll 16, whose weight may be up to about 70,000 kgs, can be lifted directly without any lateral shifting, which might cause dangerous swinging and risk of damage to the central roll. A sufficiently wide (L) free space also facilitates the replacement of the relatively massive suction roll 13 and of the other parts. When the press rolls 13,16,21 and 31 are lifted, it is possible to use either lifting by the axle journals or so-called centre lifting, which means that the roll is suspended on one crane hook only by means of lifting lines, which support the roll in downwardly open V-form symmetrically at both sides of their vertical centre plane. It is an advantage of centre lifting that the roll can be turned in the horizontal plane around its vertical centre axis, which usually facilitates the shifting of the rolls even in most congested premises. When a roll is lifted by means of its axle journals, the roll can usually be shifted only so that it retains its longitudinal direction, because the use of two cranes in joint operation is difficult and risky in view of safety at work. For the lifting of rolls, as a rule, a normal traverse crane operating above the paper machine hall is used. The shifting of fresh rolls to their positions takes place by means of the open space T by carrying out the operations described above in the reversed order. In respect of the various details of the replacements of fabrics and rolls, reference is made, by way of example, to the applicant's Finnish Patent Application No. 844693. If seamable felts are used, it is not necessary to provide the different frame parts with openable and closable intermediate pieces 55,56,45,75,76, because the fabrics can also be replaced without such pieces. In the following the patent claims will be given, whereat the various details of the invention may show variation within the scope of the inventive idea defined in said claims and differ from the details described above for the sake of example only.

Claims: Frame construction for the press section of a paper machine, which comprises, in the direction of running of the paper web (W), first a front frame (50) and after that a separate rear frame (60), which frames (50, 60) are seperately sufficiently rigid in view of various vibration phenomena and on which front and rear frames (50, 60) press rolls (13, 21, 31, 33, 34) are mounted, at least some of which rolls belonging to a compact press roll combination (13, 16, 21, 22), in which there are press nips (N₁, N₂, N₃) between the press rolls, through which nips press fabrics (10, 20, 30, 40) are passed, and in which press section there is a first two-fabric (10, 20) press nip (N₁), which is formed between a hollow-faced lower roll (21) and a suction roll (13) placed above the lower roll, said suction roll (13) forming a second press nip (N₂) with a smooth-faced (16') central roll (16) of the press and said suction roll (13) being mounted on an intermediate part (14), which is attached to the front frame (50) by means of horizontal pivot shafts (15) and a third press nip (N₃) being placed on the upper sector of said central roll (16) in connection with a hollow-faced roll (31) which is mounted on an intermediate part (61), characterized in that, in view of facilitating the replacement of press rolls and press fabrics, the frame construction comprises above said press roll combination (13, 16, 31, 21) a space (T), which is placed between the front frame and the rear frame (50, 60), which are not connected together by robust and spacious frame parts, and which frames (50, 60) are separated from each other by the space (T) which is open from above and through which the press rolls in said combination can be replaced, and which space also facilitates the replacement of the press fabrics (10, 10a, 10b) provided in its connection, that said horizontal pivot shafts (15) are placed at the front part of the free space (T) between the front frame (50) and the rear frame (60), and that said intermediate part (61) is directly linked in connection with the rear frame (60) at the rear part of said free space (T) by means of horizontal pivot shafts (62) and which intermediate part (61) can be pivoted by means of actuating devices (63) to an upper position in connection with the replacement of press rolls and/or press fabrics. Frame construction as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the central roll (16) in the press is supported directly or by an intermediate part on the front part of the rear frame (60) or on a particular intermediate frame (90), which is separate from the front frame (50) and which intermediate frame (90) is separate from the rear frame (60) when a separate press nip (N₄) is used, or which intermediate frame (90) is separate from or connected to the front side of the rear frame (60) in the case that a separate nip (N₄) is not used. Frame construction as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame construction additionally comprises an intermediate frame (90), which is provided between the lower parts of the front frame (50), and rear frame (60) below said open space (T), and that the central roll (16) of said press roll combination or an equivalent press roll is mounted permanently on the top part of said intermediate frame (90). Frame construction as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the foremost guide roll (32a) of the second upper press fabric (30) in the press, seen in the direction of the web (W) run, which fabric runs through the press nip (N₃) placed in connection with the central roll (16), is mounted on stationary support parts (92), which are attached to the upper parts of the intermediate frame (90). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide roll (32a) of the second upper fabric (30) is arranged detachable and displaceable in connection with the replacement of the second upper fabric (30) and/or of the press rolls (13, 16, 21, 31) from its operating position, by making use of the open space (T) between the front frame (50) and the rear frame (60), to an inner upper position (32a') to the parking site (67) in connection with the rear frame (60). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said lower roll (21) in the first nip (N₁) is mounted on an intermediate part (23), which is linked (25) in connection with the front frame (50), and that said central roll (16) is mounted permanently on the top portion of said intermediate frame (90). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the centre of rotation of the central roll (16) in the press roll combination (13, 16, 21, 31) is placed in the middle area of said free space (T). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the press includes a press nip (N₄) which is formed by two press rolls (33, 43) between them and which is separate from the compact press roll combination, the upper roll (33) in said nip (N₄) being mounted permanently on said rear frame (60) and the lower roll (43) in said nip (N₄) being mounted on an intermediate frame (70), which is fixed in connection with the lower part of the rear frame (60) by means of horizontal shafts (71). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the side frames at the service side of the front frame (50) and the rear frame (60) are provided with intermediate pieces (55, 75, 76), which are opened in connection with the replacement of a closed press fabric loop (10, 20, 30, 40). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the side frames of the front frame (50) and of the rear frame (60) are fully closed, non-openable, and that in the press section seamable press fabrics are used as the press fabrics. Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in connection with the frame construction, at least three press fabrics (10, 20, 30) are used, of which the first fabric (10) acts as a pick-up fabric as well as a press fabric at least in the first nip (N₁), that the guide rolls (12, 12a, 12b) of the first upper fabric (10) are mounted on the front frame (50), at least the uppermost roll or uppermost rolls (12, 12b) of said guide rolls (12, 12a, 12b) being arranged to be displaceable to a parking site (51) placed in connection with the front frame (50) to an inner position (12a', 12b'), that the first lower fabric is fitted to pass through the first nip (N₁), and its lower guide roll or guide rolls, which are placed in the basement space, are arranged to be raisable (C₂) to an upper position (80c) for replacement of the first lower fabric (20), that the second upper fabric (30) is arranged to pass through the second or third nip (N₃) in the press, guide rolls (32, 32b) of said fabric (30) being mounted in connection with the rear frame (60), that the foremost guide roll (32a) of the second upper fabric (30) is mounted in connection with the intermediate frame (90), and that said foremost guide roll (32a) and/or the rearmost guide roll (32b) are arranged to be displaceable in connection with the replacement of the second upper fabric (30) to inner positions (32a', 32b') to their parking sites (67, 68). Frame construction as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the width L of said free space (T), calculated from the outermost point (15) of the front frame (50) to the outermost point (66) of the rear frame, is larger than the maximum diameter D of the press rolls so that L = k x D , wherein k = 1.1 ... 2.0.

Inventors: AUTIO MARKKU, AUTIO, MARKKU
Applicants: VALMET PAPER MACHINERY INC, VALMET PAPER MACHINERY INC.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: D21F3
IPC codes: D21F7, D21F3