Liquid crystal display device

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having picture element electrodes (10) arranged on an insulating substrate (1) and thin film transistors for switching the voltage to be applied to the picture element electrodes (10), characterized in that additional capacity electrodes (3) are formed of the same material as elec­ trodes (2) of the thin film transistors, between the insulating substrate (1) and the picture element electrodes (10).

Description: Background of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal matrix display device which uses thin film transistors (hereinafter referred to as TFTs) as address devices for switching picture elements, and particularly to a liquid crystal active matrix display device which uses, as address devices, reverse stagger type TFTs. Figs. 3 (A) and 3(B) show the construction of the conventional liquid crystal active matrix display device using reverse stagger type TFTs as address devices. This liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of cell substrates faced to each other and liquid crystal sealed in the gap between the pair of the cell substrate to form a liquid crystal cell. One of the two cell substrates comprises gate electrodes 102, gate insulating film 105, a-Si (amorphous silicon) semiconducting film 106, insulating film 107, n⁺-a-Si (n⁺-amorphous silicon) contact film 108 for ohmic contact, source and drain electrodes 109, picture element electrodes 110 for display and protective film 111 formed in lamination on an insulating substrate 101. The picture element electrodes 110 are arranged in a matrix. An additional capacity Cs parallel to the liquid crystal capacity is formed to improve the picture element potential retaining characteristic and minimize the picture element electrode potential level shift at the time of the fall of the gate voltage, attributable to the overlapping capacity between the gate electrode 102 and the drain electrode 109. The additional capacity Cs is obtained by forming transparent conducting film in two layers on the insulating substrate 101 with the extension of the gate insulating film 105 between the two layers for isolation from each other, the first layer of the conducting film serving as a ground electrode 112 and the second layer as the picture element electrode 110, as shown in Fig. 3(B). According to the above conventional art, as mentioned above, the ground electrode 112 for providing the additional capacity Cs is made of transparent conducting film. Therefore, the resistance of the ground electrode 112 for additional capacity Cs is high, causing a large load on the driver circuit. The resistance of the ground electrode 112 for additional capacity Cs could be reduced by increasing the thickness or width of the ground electrode film 112. However, the greater film thickness would result in the greater difference in level between the ground electrode 112 and the insulating substrate 101, thus causing breakage of the source electrode and other elements of each TFT to be formed in the later process. On the other hand, the greater electrode width would result in the higher probability of short circuit between the ground electrode 112 for additional capacity Cs and the picture element electrode 110 and between the ground electrode 112 and the source electrode 109, and also result in a larger capacity between the ground electrode 112 for additional capacity Cs and the source electrode 109 thus causing the level shift in signals. In addition, the thicker or wider ground electrode 112 for additional capacity Cs would involve a larger number of manufacturing processes, which is not favourable. A liquid crystal display device having a similar construction to that described above with reference to Figures 3A and 3B is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 58-90689. Summary of the Invention In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a liquid crystal display device having an electrode for additional capacity which can provide a large capacity in spite of having a small area, without increasing the number of manufacturing processes such as film formation and etching. According to the present invention there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising an array of thin film transistors and capacitors, said device including: a first and second insulating substrate arranged substantially parallel and faced to each other; liquid crystal material confined between said first and second substrates; a plurality of gate line electrodes and capacity electrodes at specified pitches formed on the inward facing surface of said first insulating substrate, an insulating film covering said gate line electrodes and said capacity electrodes; a plurality of reverse stagger type thin film transistors and of picture element electrodes formed on the insulating film, each picture element electrode being disposed between its corresponding gate line electrode and capacity electrode, the drain electrode of each thin film transistor being connected to its corresponding picture element electrode, the gate electrode of each thin film transistor being formed by part of its corresponding gate line electrode, and the source electrode of each thin film transistor being connected to its corresponding source line electrode; characterized in that: said capacity electrodes are made of the same material as the gate line electrode; and each of said capacity electrodes is covered directly by an additional insulating layer having a high dielectric constant. Brief Description of the Drawings An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view along the line X-Y of Fig. 1; and Figs. 3(A) and 3(B) show the construction of the conventional liquid crystal display device. Detailed Description of the Embodiment With reference to Figures 1 and 2, a liquid crystal active matrix display device which uses reverse stagger type TFTs (thin film transistors) as address devices generally comprises a pair of cell substrates faced to each other and liquid crystal sealed in the spaced formed between the pair of the cell substrates to form a liquid crystal cell, one of the pair of the cell substrates comprising gate electrodes 2, gate insulating film 5, a-Si (amorphous silicon) semiconducting film 6, insulating film 7, n⁺-a-Si (amorphous silicon) contact film 8 for ohmic contact, source and drain electrodes 9, picture element electrodes 10 and protective film 11 formed in lamination on an insulating substrate 1. Electrodes corresponding to the above picture element electrodes are also formed on the other cell substrate. The picture element electrodes 10 are arranged in a matrix. The cell substrate construction is described in greater detail below. Ta (tantalum) or other material suitable for an electrode of TFT is applied by sputtering to a thickness of about 3000Å on an insulating substrate 1 of a glass, and patternized by photo etching to form gate electrodes 2 of TFTs and additional capacity electrodes 3 at specified pitches on the same plane. Then the Ta surface of each additional capacity electrode 3 is oxidized by anodic oxidation to form an insulating layer 4 of Ta₂O₅ (tantalum pentoxide) with about 2000Å thickness. Ta₂O₅ (tantalum pentoxide) presents a high dielectric constant and therefore is suitable for high capacity. Insulating film 5 of SiNx (silicon nitride) is then deposited by plasma CVD to a thickness of about 2000Å over the entire surface to isolate the gate electrodes 2 and Cs (additional capacity) electrodes 3. In succession, a semiconducting film 6 of a-Si (amorphous silicon is formed to a thickness of about 300Å to serve as semiconducting film of TFTs. Further, an insulating film 7 of SiNx (silicon nitride) is formed to a thickness of about 2000Å on the semiconducting film 6. Through patternization by photo etching, the patterned semiconducting film 6 is obtained over each gate electrode 2 and the patterned insulating film 7 on the semiconducting film 6. In other words, the semiconducting film 6 and insulating film 7 are arranged in the matrix to correspond to the matrix of the TFTs. Next, a semiconducting contact film 8 of n⁺-a-Si (N⁺-amorphous-silicon) for ohmic contact is formed to a thickness of about 400Å by plasma CVD, and patterned by photo etching to form the patternized semiconducting contact film 8 which is in contact with source and drain electrodes. Then, Ti, Mo or W film is deposited to a thickness of about 3000Å by sputtering or electron beam evaporation, and patternized by photo etching to obtain source and drain electrodes 9 of the pattern suitable for TFTs. Switching TFTs are thus formed. Transparent conducting film mainly composed of indium oxide is deposited to a thickness of about 1000 Å by sputtering or electron beam evaporation, and patternized by photo etching to form rectangular picture element electrodes 10 an end of each of which is joined with the drain electrode 9 of each TFT, the other end extending to the point over the Cs (additional capacity) electrode 3. A protective film 11 of SiNx (silicon nitride) is further deposited by plasma CVD to a thickness of about 5000 Å over the entire surface. Thus one of the pair of cell substrates of the liquid crystal active matrix display device is obtained in which Cs (additional capacity) electrodes 3 of the same material as the gate electrodes 2 are formed under the picture element electrodes 10 and on the same plane as the gate electrodes 2 on the insulating substrate 1. As the other cell substrate, an electrode substrate is manufactured which contains electrodes corresponding to those on the first cell substrate so as to apply electric field to liquid crystal in cooperation with the picture element electrodes 10. The first cell substrate and the mating electrode substrate are joined into a body through a specified gap therebetween. Liquid crystal is sealed in this gap. A liquid crystal display device is obtained when the liquid crystal cell is processed for twisted nematic orientation. In the liquid crystal display device thus obtained, the picture element electrodes 10 are arranged in a matrix and TFTs are connected as switching devices to the picture element electrodes 10 respectively. A color display device is obtained when a color filter is superposed on the picture element electrodes 10. When electric field is applied through the TFTs to the liquid crystal between selected picture element electrodes 10 and the corresponding electrodes on the other cell substrate, matrix display by picture elements is obtained. At this time, an additional capacity is generated between each picture element electrode 10 and each Cs electrode 3. This capacitor characteristic permits the electric field determined by the time constant to be applied to the liquid crystal even after shutting off the electric field application to the picture element electrodes 10 by turning off the TFTs. As a result, the liquid crystal display device can provide a high definition, clear picture. As described above, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, reverse stagger type TFTs are formed on an insulating substrate, and electrodes for additional capacity (Cs) made of tantalum or the same material as the gate electrodes of the TFTs are formed under the picture element electrodes, on the same plane as the gate electrodes. For insulation, of the additional capacity (Cs) electrodes, tantalum pentoxide film produced by anodic oxidation of the tantalum of the additional capacity (Cs) electrodes, and silicon nitride film are used. Compared with the additional capacity electrodes made of transparent conducting film, those of the present invention provide lower resistance and yet have smaller thickness and width. In the above embodiment, tantalum (Ta) is used as the material of the additional capacity electrodes. Another material may be used as long as it is the same as that of the gate electrodes of the TFTs. According to the present invention, as understood from the above, it is possible to form electrodes for additional capacity (Cs) without increasing the number of film forming and etching processes. Besides, since low resistance material is used for the additional capacity (Cs) electrodes, large capacity can be attained by the Cs electrodes of small area. Therefore, additional capacity can be generated at a high yield with little affect on other processes. The additional capacity attained by the present invention improves the picture element potential retaining characteristic, and reduces effectively the picture element electrode potential level shift attributable to the capacity of the overlapping portion between the gate electrodes and drain electrodes at the time of the fall of the gate voltage. While only certain embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims: A liquid crystal display device comprising an array of thin film transistors and capacitors, said device including: a first and second insulating substrate (1) arranged substantially parallel and faced to each other; liquid crystal material confined between said first and second substrates; a plurality of gate line electrodes (2) and capacity electrodes (3) at specified pitches formed on the inward facing surface of said first insulating substrate (1), an insulating film (5) covering said gate line electrodes (2) and said capacity electrodes (3); a plurality of reverse stagger type thin film transistors and of picture element electrodes (10) formed on the insulating film (5), each picture element electrode (10) being disposed between its corresponding gate line electrode (2) and capacity electrode (3), the drain electrode (9) of each thin film transistor (5) being connected to its corresponding picture element electrode (10), the gate electrode of each thin film transistor being formed by part of its corresponding gate line electrode (2), and the source electrode (9) of each thin film transistor being connected to its corresponding source line electrode; characterized in that: said capacity electrodes (3) are made of the same material as the gate line electrode (2); and each of said capacity electrodes (3) is covered directly by an additional insulating layer (4) having a high dielectric constant. A liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (4) is an oxide film made by anodic oxidation from the capacity electrode surface. A liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gate electrodes (2) of the thin film transistors are made of tantalum. A liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating layer (4) is a tantalum oxide film. A liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the insulating layer (4) is a tantalum pentoxide film. A liquid crystal display device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating film (5) is a silicon nitride film.

Inventors: INUI MOTOKAZU, KATO HIROAKI, SAKONO IKUO, INUI, MOTOKAZU, KATO, HIROAKI, SAKONO, IKUO
Applicants: SHARP KK, SHARP KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1988
Main classification: G02F1
IPC codes: H01L21, H01L27, H01L29, G02F1