FAN ADJUSTMENT FOR PAINT SPRAY GUN

Abstract: A paint spray gun is provided with a means (66, 96) of adjustably controlling fanning of the spray which means (66, 96) may be regulated independently of the rotative position of an air cap (14). A valve member (66) axially shiftable by an adjustment screw (96) adjustably controls the flow of air to fanning control ports (106) in the air cap (14) without interfering with the flow of atomizing air (26) to the paint spray nozzle (24).

Description: In conventional paint spray guns, a stream of paint under pressure is discharged from a relatively small orifice in a nozzle while air under pressure is discharged radially inwardly into the stream from an annular opening surrounding the nozzle closely adjacent the paint discharge orifice to atomize the stream of paint into a spray of fine particles. The spray thus produced moves away from the gun in an expanding conical pattern whose apex is at the nozzle. It is frequently desired to modify the circular cross-section of the normal conical spray pattern by transforming this pattern into one of a narrowed and elongated generally elliptically shaped cross-section so that the spray pattern more closely resembles that of a flat sided fan. In prior art spray guns, fanning of the spray pattern is typically accomplished by providing on the front of the air cap a pair of diametrically opposed ports spaced radially outwardly from opposite sides of the annular air discharge opening and oriented to direct air jets toward opposite sides of the spray pattern at a location spaced a short distance forwardly from the nozzle orifice. These jets have the effect of flattening the sides of the conical spray pattern against which they are directed. At any given distance from the nozzle, this action transforms the normally circular cross-section of the conical spray into a generally elliptically shaped cross-section whose major axis is somewhat greater than the original cone diameter and whose minor axis is somewhat less than the original cone diameter. The "flatness" of the elliptical cross-section will increase with an increase of the pressure at which air is expelled from the diametrically opposed fanning ports. In prior art guns, adjustment of the fanning of the spray is typically made by rotatively adjusting the air cap. This adjustment exerts a valving action which establishes maximum air flow when the diametrically opposed valve ports lie in either a vertical plane containing the nozzle axis or a horizontal plane containing the nozzle axis. The flow from the fanning ports is reduced as the air cap is rotated to become zero when the fanning ports are midway between the horizontal and vertical positions referred to above. When the fanning ports are at this midway position, the spray assumes its original conical form. While the foregoing arrangement provides for adjustment to the fanning of the spray, this adjustment is dependent upon the rotated position of the air cap about the nozzle axis. Adjustment of the fan width (minor axis of the elliptical fan cross-section) to a width between maximum or unmodified conical spray and minimum width requires the air cap to have its ports located in a general plane inclined from the vertical. This inclination of the fanning ports establishes the angle the major axis of the elliptical configuration will assume with respect to the vertical, a situation which is inconvenient to the operator who would prefer that this major axis be either vertical or horizontal for all degrees of fanning. US-A-2626122 discloses a spray gun in which the fanning of the spray is controlled by a valve mounted on a valve shank. The opening of the valve is controlled by longitudinal translation of the shank, achieved by means of a thumb button mounted on the shank. The present invention is directed to a spray gun in which fanning may be adjustably controlled completely independently of the rotative orientation of the air cap. Accordingly, the invention provides a paint spray gun including a housing, an annular air cap mounted in the forward end of said housing, said air cap having a central air discharge opening extending coaxially therethrough, a nozzle mounted on said housing coaxially of said air discharge opening, said nozzle having a paint discharge orifice at its forward end for discharging paint under pressure in a forwardly directed stream coaxially of said air discharge opening, a first passage in said housing for supplying paint under pressure to said discharge orifice, a second passage in said housing for supplying air under pressure to said air discharge opening to atomize paint discharged from said orifice into a spray, a third passage in said air cap communicating with said second passage for discharging air from diametrically opposed ports in said air cap to control fanning of said spray, valve means provided in said housing and adjustably movable between a fully open and a fully closed position for adjusting the flow of air from said second passage to said third passage and manually operable means independent of said air cap provided for adjustably positioning said valve means characterised in that the atomising air and fanning air are discharged from a single chamber formed in the air cap forward of the valve means prior to discharge into said second and third passages respectively. In accordance with the present invention, a paint spray gun includes a main housing from which a hollow tubular member projects forwardly. The paint spray nozzle, of conventional construction, is threadably mounted at the forward end of this tubular member whose interior communicates with a fitting in the housing to which a supply of paint under pressure is attached. A general cylindrical housing extension is mounted on the housing in coaxial surrounding relationship to the tubular member and an air cap is threadedly attached to the forward end of this tubular extension to define an internal annular air chamber within the extension surrounding the tubular paint carrying member. The air cap is provided with a central air discharge opening through which air is discharged to atomize paint discharged under pressure from the nozzle orifice into a spray. The rearward or inner side of the air cap is formed with a rearwardly opening counter bore which defines a smooth continuation of the inner side wall of the extension on the housing. The counter bore in the air cap terminates at a radially inwardly projecting shoulder and passages extend through the air cap from diametrically opposed inlets at the juncture of the shoulder and counter bore to diametrically opposed fanning ports oriented to discharge air against opposite sides of the paint spray cone. A cylindrical valve member is slidably received within the counter bore and provided with an annular radial skirt at its forward end which, when seated against the radial shoulder on the air cap, will seal the inlet openings of the passages in the air cap which lead to the fanning ports. The skirt defines a central opening through the forward end of the air cylinder which is of a diameter substantially larger than the tubular housing member so that air can pass at all times from the interior of the cylindrical air cylinder to the central air discharge opening of the air cap. A portion of the wall of the cylinder is provided with an opening so that air can pass through a fitting on the housing into the interior of the housing extension and thence through the opening to the interior of the air cylinder. The rearward end of the air cylinder is formed with an opening which is slidably received upon the tubular paint passage member of the housing. A control rod is coupled to the rearward end of the air cylinder and extends rearwardly to the rear end of the housing where it is attached to a manual adjustment member threadably received in the housing. By threading the adjustment member into or out of the housing, the positon of the radial skirt of the air cylinder relative to the radial shoulder on the air cap may be varied at will partially or fully to open or close the inlets to the air cap passages leading to the fanning ports. Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent by reference to the following specification and to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side view of a paint spray gun embodying the present invention; Figure 2 is a detailed cross-section view taken on a central vertical plane through a forward portion of the gun of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a detailed side view of a rearward portion of the gun of Figure 1, with certain parts broken away or shown in section; Figure 4 is a perspective view of an air cylinder and a portion of a control rod of the gun of Figure 1; and Figure 5 is a front view of a nozzle of the gun of Figure 1. Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, a spray gun embodying the present invention includes a pistol-like main housing designated generally 10 having a generally cylindrical extension 12 fixedly secured to its forward end. An air cap 14 is fixedly mounted on the front end of extension 12 as by an internally threaded annular ring 16 formed at its forward end with a radially inwardly projecting flange 18 (Figure 2) axially confined to the main body of the cap as by a C ring 20 resiliently seated within a circumferential notch 22. The skirt 16 is freely rotatable relative to the main body of the air cap 14. A nozzle 24 projects coaxially through a central opening 26 (Figure 2) in the forward end of the air cap 14. The nozzle 24 is of conventional construction and, as best seen in Figure 2, is formed with a forwardly convergent tapered bore 28 which terminates at an orifice 30 at the front end of the nozzle. The nozzle 24 is formed with a threaded shank 32 which is threadedly received within the forward end of a forwardly projecting hollow tubular member 34 integrally formed on the main housing 10. Paint under pressure is supplied to a central passage 36 which extends through the tubular member 34 via a fitting 38 threadedly received within the housing 10 and having a central passage 40 in communication with the passage 36. The rear or right hand end of the passage 36 as viewed in Figure 2 is closed by a threaded plug 42 which also slidably supports and guides an elongate rod-like needle valve 44 having a tapered forward end 46 which may be seated in the conical bore 28 of the nozzle 24 to close the orifice 30. Referring now to Figure 1, a trigger 47 is pivotally mounted upon the housing 10 to engage an enlarged diameter portion 48 formed on the needle valve 44 to draw the valve to the right as viewed in Figures 1 and 2 when the trigger 47 is squeezed. The rod 44 extends rearwardly past the trigger and an enlarged diameter section 48 continues through the housing 10 to be coupled to an adjustment knob 50 threadedly mounted within the housing. The coupling between the needle valve 44 and the adjusting knob 50 is a spring loaded coupling of conventional construction which acts continuously to bias the needle valve 44 to the left as viewed in Figures 1 and 2 to its closed seated position within the nozzle 24. The adjustment knob 50 essentially locates the end limit of movement of the needle valve 44 to the right as viewed in Figures 1 and 2 to establish a maximum opening of the nozzle 24 when the trigger 47 is fully depressed. This arrangement for controlling the flow of paint under pressure from the orifice 30 is conventional. Referring now particularly to Figures 2 and 5, from Figure 5 it is seen that the nozzle 24 is formed with a plurality of radially projecting wings 52 whose radially outer ends lie on a cylindrical surface coaxial with the axis of the nozzle 24. The rearward side of the air cap 14 is formed with a counter bore 54 of a diameter such that the outer ends of the wings 52 of the nozzle are slidably received within the bore 54. At its inner end, the counter bore 54 merges with an inclined conical bore 56 which extends from the counter bore 54 to pierce the front side of the air cap 14 to establish a discharge opening 26 surrounding the forward tip of the nozzle 24. The inclination of the wall of the conical bore 56 and the inclination of the forward side of the nozzle 24 as at 58 and the axial dimensions of the air cap and nozzle are such that an air passage is provided, when the nozzle and air cap are assembled in the gun, between the discharge opening 26 and a chamber 60 constituted by an enlarged diameter counter bore at the rearward side of the air cap 14. This passage extends from the opening 26 through space between the opposed inclined surfaces 56 of the air cap and 58 of the nozzle and thence through the spaces between the adjacent wings 52 of the nozzle. The housing extension 12 is formed with a bore 64 in its forward end of the same diameter as a mating counter bore 62 in the air cap 14, and the bores 62 and 64 slidably receive the forward end of a hollow cylindrical air cylinder 66. The cylinder 66 is formed with a bore 68 in its forward end wall 70 which is of a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the tubular member 34 of the main housing so that the chamber 60 within the air cap 14 is always in communication with the hollow interior of the air cylinder 66. The interior of the air cylinder 66 is in turn in constant communication with an air chamber 72 formed within the extension 12 via a cutout portion 74 in the air cylinder. Air under pressure may be supplied to the chamber 72 via a fitting 76 threaded into the extension 12 and having an air supply passage 78. The rear wall 80 of the cylinder 66 is formed with a bore 82 which slidably receives the tubular member 34 of the main housing 10. At the upper side of the cylinder 66 near its rear wall, a T-shaped slot 84 is formed to receive the end of an actuating rod 86. As best seen in Figure 4, slots 88 are formed in opposite sides of the forward end of the rod 86 so that, when the end of the rod is seated in the T-slot 84, the rod and the cylinder are coupled to each other for concurrent axial movement in either direction. As best seen in Figure 2, the rod 86 extends rearwardly from the cylinder 66 through a bore 90 in the housing 10. Referring now to Figure 3, the actuating rod 86 is formed with a reduced diameter end section 92 at its rearward end which passes rearwardly through a bore 94 in an adjustment screw 96. A knurled nut 98 threadedly received on the end of the section 92 of the actuating rod 86 axially fixes the rod 86 to the adjustment screw 96 while accommodating rotary movement of the screw 96 relative to the rod 86. The rod 86 is restrained against rotary movement by the engagement between the slots 88 (Figure 4) in the forward end of the rod 86 and the walls of the T-slot 84. The adjustment screw 96 is threadedly received as at 100 within a fitting 102 threadedly locked to the housing 10. Threading of the adjustment screw 96 into or out of the fitting 102 is transmitted by actuating the rod 86 to the air cylinder 66 axially to shift the air cylinder 66 relative to the air cap 14. Returning now to Figure 2, a pair of fan control passages 104 are formed through the air cap 14 to extend from the chamber 60 in the air cap to inwardly inclined air discharge ports 106. In Figure 2, the air cylinder 66 is shown at its maximum opened position in which air under pressure flowing into the chamber 60 from the fitting 76 can pass freely both to the central opening 26 of the air cap 14 to atomize a paint stream issuing under pressure from the nozzle 30 and also freely through the passages 104 to be discharged from the ports 106 against opposite sides of the conical spray of paint issuing from the nozzle 24. It is believed apparent that, as the air cylinder 66 is moved to the left from its Figure 2 position by manipulation of the adjustment knob 96, the front wall 70 of that air cylinder 66 will be advanced toward the inlet openings 108 of the passages 104 and, as the front wall 70 of the cylinder 66 moves into contact with the radial shoulder between the counter bores 62 and 54 in the nozzle, these inlet openings will be progressively blocked and eventually sealed by the forward wall 70. By adjustably positioning the forward wall 70 of the air cylinder 66, a variable restriction to the flow of air through the passages 104 and the fanning ports 106 is available. This control of the fanning is independent of the rotative position of the air cap 14 about the nozzle axis.

Claims: A paint spray gun including a housing (10), an annular air cap (14) mounted in the forward end of said housing (10), said air cap (14) having a central air discharge opening (26) extending coaxially therethrough, a nozzle (24) mounted on said housing (10) coaxially of said air discharge opening (26), said nozzle (24) having a paint discharge orifice (30) at its forward end for discharging paint under pressure in a forwardly directed stream coaxially of said air discharge opening (26), a first passage (36) in said housing (10) for supplying paint under pressure to said discharge orifice (30), a second passage (54,60,72) in said housing (10) for supplying air under pressure to said air discharge opening to atomize paint discharged from said orifice into a spray, a third passage (104) in said air cap (14) communicating with said second passage (54,60,72) for discharging air from diametrically opposed ports (106) in said air cap (14) to control fanning of said spray, valve means (66,70) provided in said housing (10) and adjustably movable between a fully open and a fully closed position for adjusting the flow of air from said second passage (54,60,72) to said third passage (104) and manually operable means (96)independent of said air cap (14) provided for adjustably positioning said valve means (66,70) characterised in that the atomising air and fanning air are discharged from a single chamber (60,70) formed in the air cap (14) forward of the valve means (66,70) prior to discharge into said second (54) and third (104) passages respectively. A paint spray gun according to claim 1, characterised in that said first passage (36) comprises a hollow tubular member (34) fixedly secured to and extending coaxially rearwardly from said nozzle (24) and in that said second passage (54) comprises means defining an annular air chamber (72) coaxially surrounding said tubular member (34) said air chamber (72) having a pair of outlet openings (108) defining inlets to said third passage (104) said valve means (66, 70) comprising an annular valve member (66) slidably mounted for axial movement within said air chamber (72). A paint spray gun according to claim 2, characterised in that said air cap (14) has a rearwardly opening bore (60) in its rearward side extending coaxially with its discharge opening (30) and terminating at its inner end at a rearwardly facing radial shoulder, the wall of said bore (60) and said shoulder defining portions of the outer side and front end walls of said annular air chamber (72) said outlet openings (108) being located at the juncture of said bore (60) and shoulder, said annular valve member (66) including an outer wall slidably received within said bore (60), an annular front wall (70) on said valve member (66) projecting radially inwardly from said outer wall at the front end thereof engageable with said should on said air cap (14) when said valve means (66, 70) is in said closed position to cover said outlet openings (108), said front wall (70) having a central opening (68) therethrough of a diameter greater than the outer diameter of said tubular member (34), and means (82) at the rearward end of said valve member (66) slidably received upon said tubular member (34). A paint spray gun according to either claim 2 or 3, characterised in that said manually operable means (96) comprises a rod (86) coupled at one end to said valve member (66) and that moans (102) is adjustable threaded into said housing (10) coupled to the opposite end of said rod (86) for shifting said rod (86) relative to said housing (10) in a direction generally axially of said annular air chamber (72).

Inventors: TOTH DENNIS W, TOTH, DENNIS W.
Applicants: CAN AM ENGINEERED PRODUCTS INC, CAN-AM ENGINEERED PRODUCTS, INC.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: B05B7
IPC codes: B05B7