Method for preparing dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b] furan and novel haloethyl decalin derivatives

Abstract: The method is directed to the preparation of dodecohydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-naphtho[2,1-b]furan from sclareol using an alkoxy-radical fragmentation reaction. A novel 9-haloethyl decalin derivative is an intermediate in this method.

Description: The compound dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho [2,1-b]furan (hereinafter Naphthofuran II ) is a synthetic congener of Ambergris, a rare perfumery composition of natural origin having a sweet, woody, amber bouquet. Naphthofuran II has been used in perfume compositions and in cleaning formulations, such as fragrances for toiletries and household products, where a persistent amber effect is desired. Naphthofuran II is also a component of tincture of Ambergris and synthetic Naphthofuran II has been used in artificial Ambergris formulations. Naphthofuran II may be produced synthetically from 3-ethenyldecahydro -2-hydroxy- α -2,5,5,8a-pentamethyl-1-naphthalenepropanol, commonly known as sclareol. One method for this conversion is a two stage oxidation followed by a hydride reduction and cyclization. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3,050,532; U.S. Patent No. 3,029,255; and Aust. J. Chem. , 1971, 24 , 591. Another method involves oxidation of sclareol to sclareol oxide followed by a mutli-step synthesis to produce Napthofuran II as a mixture of stereoisomers. See, for example, Helv . Chim . Acta , 1942, 25 621; J . Chem . Soc ., 1960, 4613; Helv . Chim . Acta , 1950, 33 , 1251; U.S. Patent 3,029,255, 1962; Helv . Chim . Acta , 1950, 33 1308; J . Am . Chem . Soc ., 1963, 85 3979); and Helv . Chim . Acta , 1951, 34 1664. These methods, however, lack simplicity and are based upon multiple synthetic reactions. Moreover, they produce undesirable side reactions and do not generate high yields of Naphthofuran II . Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to develop a simple method for the production of Naphthofuran II from sclareol. Another object is the production of a high yield of Naphthofuran II without the complications caused by side reactions. These and other objects are achieved by the invention which is directed to a method for the production of Naphthofuran ( II ) from sclareol. In this method, an alkoxy-radical fragmentation reaction is used to convert sclareol derivatives to a 9-haloethyl decalin derivative of the formula I wherein X is iodo, bromo or chloro and R' is an alkanoyl group of 2 to 5 carbons. Basic hydrolysis of this 9-haloethyl decalin derivative produces Naphthofuran of the formula II. According to the invention sclareol oxide of the formula IV is treated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce a peroxide intermediate V which is then treated with a metallic halide reducing agent to produce the decalin derivative of formula I. The invention is directed as well to the novel 9-haloethyl decalin derivatives of formula I and a sclareol oxide-13-hydroperoxide intermediate V. The process of the present invention produces a high yield of dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan (Napthofuran II ) from sclareol derivatives through a sequence of steps which employ an alkoxy-radical fragmentation reaction and a hydrolysis. It avoids production of side products that could alter the fragrance qualities of Napthofuran II . The alkoxy-radical reaction employed in the process of the present invention, treatment of sclareol oxide with a source for hydrogen peroxide such as hydrogen peroxide itself, or a hydrogen peroxide generating system in an inert solvent in the presence of an acid such as acetic acid gives a hydroperoxide intermediate. An example of a hydrogen peroxide generating system which may be useful comprises a mixture of barium peroxide and a protic acid such as acetic acid or carbonic acid. Other protonic or Bronsted acids can also be used. Preferred acids include lower alkyl carboxylic acids, chloro, dichloro and trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid and buffers derived from phosphoric acid. Acetic acid is especially preferred. The amount of acid used may be from about 10 to about 5000 mole percent with about 100 to about 4000 mole percent being preferred and about 3500 mole percent being especially preferred, the mole percentage being measured relative to the amount of sclareol oxide present. Solvents such as dimethoxyethane, dioxane, ethyl ether, t -butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, water, t-butyl methyl ether, toluene and hexane may also be used. t-Butyl methyl ether, t-butanol and tetrahydrofuran are preferred, the latter being especially preferred. A useful temperature range is between about 0° and about 50°C with about 10° to about 40° being preferred and about 20° to about 30°C being the most preferred. The peroxide treatment can take from about 0.5 to about 10 hours, about 0.5 to about 6 hours being preferred and about 3 to 4 hours being especially preferred. The hydroperoxide intermediate can be fragmented to provide the decalin derivative of formula I wherein X is Cl, Br or I upon treatment with a metal halide reducing agent such as ferrous halide and a catalytic amount of a cupric halide, the halide being Cl, Br or I. Other metal halide reducing agents may also be used in this reaction, including halide salts copper (I), chromium (II), titanium (III), vanadium (II) or (III), cobalt (II) or manganese (II). Useful solvents include alkanols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and t -butanol as well as water, tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, ether and mixtures thereof. The alcohols, tetrahydrofuran and water are preferred, with methanol being especially preferred. The reaction may be performed in the temperature range of about 0° to about 50°C preferrably about 10° to about 35°C, most preferrably 20° to about 30°C. The time for the reaction is 0.25 to about 2 hours with about 0.5 to about 2 hours being preferred and about 0.5 to 1 hour being especially preferred. The haloethyl decalin derivatives of formula I produced in the foregoing fashion are converted to Naphthofuran II in high yield according to the process of the present invention by hydrolysis with a metal hydroxide in a solvent therefor. Alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides are preferred. Potassium hydroxide is the most preferred. A variety of protic or aprotic solvents mixed with water may be used, such as lower alkyl alcohols, ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or acetonitrile. The preferred solvents are a mixture of water and alcohols or diols, such as, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, ethylene glycol. The most preferred solvent is a mixture of water and isopropanol. The reaction may be carried out in the temperature range of about 25° to about 150°C. The preferred temperature range is about 50° to about 100°C. The most preferred temperature range is about 70° to about 85°C. The process of the present invention may be applied to other labdane derivatives such as manool( VI) , larixol ( VII ), torulosol ( VIII ) and cupressic acid ( IX ) to provide compounds of general formula X , wherein R and R' are as described in VI - VIII and X is halogen. Compounds X may be converted into useful terpenoid derivatives. Practice of other embodiments of the invention will be apparent from the foregoing discussion. The alkoxy-radical fragmentation can be applied pursuant to reaction procedures disclosed by Waegell et al ., J . Chem . Res . S ., 1981, 236. The following examples illustrate some further embodiments of the invention. Experimental Section General . Benzene was dried over 4A molecular sieves prior to use. Sclareol, purchased from R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., was recrystallized from hexane prior to use. All other reagents and solvents were of reagent grade and were used as received. IR spectra were obtained with a Perkin-Elmer 710B spectrophotometer. Routine ¹H-NMR spectra were recorded with a Varian Associates T-60A NMR instrument. The ¹H-NMR spectral data reported at 250 MHz were recorded on a Bruker WM250 NMR instrument and the ¹³C-NMR spectra were obtained on the same instrument at 62.5 MHz. Mass spectra were obtained with a Hewlett-Packard 5985 mass spectrophotometer. Column chromatography was performed with Merck 60 brand of silica gel. GLC analyses were obtained with a Hewlett-Packard Model 5840 or a Perkin-Elmer model 920 gas chromatograph, using either a 6 ft., 2-mm i.d. glass column packed with 3% nonpolar silicone on diatomaceous earth, 100-120 mesh or a 10 ft., 2 mm i.d. glass column packed with 2% polyethylene glycol on diatomaceous earth, 100-120 mesh. Where indicated, percentages refer to computer calculated peak areas without correction for response. GLC and mass spectral data were provided courtesy of the Fritzsche, Dodge and Olcott, Inc., Instrumental Laboratory. Elemental microanalyses were performed by Childers Laboratories, Milford, N.J. or Schwarzkopf Microanalytical Laboratory, Woodside, N.Y. Melting points were determined with a Thomas Model 40 micro hot-stage apparatus and are uncorrected. Optical rotations were obtained in chloroform solution at ambient temperature unless otherwise noted using a Perkin-Elmer 241 polarimeter. EXAMPLE 1 Decalin Derivative Acetic acid (2 mL) was added to a mixture of sclareol oxide ( 5 ) (0.262g, 0.001 mol, which may be prepared as described by D.B. Bigley, N.A.J. Rogers and J.A. Barltrop in J Chem . Soc. , 1960 , 4613-4627), tetrahydrofuran (8 mL), and 30% hydrogen peroxide (6 mL). The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 4h. The mixture was poured onto water (10 mL) and extracted with hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1, 4 x 10 mL). The extracts were washed with water (2 x 5 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2 x 10 mL) and dried (Na₂SO₄). Evaporation of solvents provided 0.327g of the hydroperoxide intermediate as a colorless solid. ¹H-NMR(60 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 0.080 (6H, s), 0.87 (3H, s) 1.38 (3H, s), 1.43 (3H, s), 0.8-2.2 (16H, m) 7.52 (1H, s). A solution of the hydroperoxide intermediate (0.001 mol) in methanol (10 mL) was added dropwise over a 30 min period to a solution of ferrous chloride (0.398g, 0.002 mol) and cupric chloride (0.034g, 0.0002 mol) in methanol (6 mL) at 25°C. The mixture was stirred at 25°C for 15 min. The mixture was poured onto water (20 mL) and extracted with hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1, 4 x 15 ml). The extracts were washed with water (2 x 10 mL), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2 x 10 mL) and dried (Na₂SO₄). The solvents were evaporated and the residue chromatographed to provide 0.229g (73% yield) of [1R-[1 α ,2 β ,4a β ,8a α )]-decahydro-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2,5,5,8a - tetramethyl-2-naphthalenol acetate, the decalin derivative of formula 1 wherein X is Cl and R' is COCH₃. Recrystallization from hexane provided an analytical sample, mp 99-101.5°C, [α]D -15.76 (c, 1.76). ¹H- NMR (250 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 0.73 (3H, s), 0.78 (3H, s), 0.81 (3H, s), 1.43 (3H, s), 1.87 (3H, s), 0.7-2.05 (13H, m), 2.6-2.7 (1H, m), 3.36-3.59 (2H, m); ¹³C-NMR δ 15.56 (q), 18.28 (t), 19.87 (t), 20.39 (q), 21.37 (q), 22.65 (q), 29.88 (t), 33.07 (s), 33.22 (q), 38.87 (t), 39.09 (s), 39.68 (t), 41.78 (t), 45.76 (t), 55.59 (d), 56.93 (d), 87.00 (s), 169.30 (s); IR (CHCl₃) v max 2930, 1725, 1460, 1440, 1390, 1370, 1255 cm⁻¹; MS, m/e 272, 256, 254, 241, 239, 137, 124, 109. Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₃₁Cl0₂: C, 68.65; H, 9.92; Cl, 11.26. Found: C, 68.82; H, 10.08; Cl, 11.12. EXAMPLE 2 Decalin Derivative [1R-(1 α ,2 β ,4a β ,8a α )]-Decahydro-1-(2-bromoethyl)-2,5,5,8a -tetramethyl-2-naphthalenol acetate. The decalin derivative of forumla I wherein X is Br may be prepared by reaction of the hydro peroxide intermediate of Example 1 with ferrous bromide and cupric bromide in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. 20.72 (t), 22.69 (2q), 33.10 (s), 36.27 (s), 39.36 (t), 40.06 (t), 42.54 (t), 57.36 (d), 60.22 ( d ) , 64.94 (t), 79.84 (s); IR (melt) v max 2930, 1480, 1460, 1390, 1375 cm⁻¹; MS, m/e 236, 221, 204, 137, 97. EXAMPLE 3 Dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethylnaphtho[2,1-b]furan A mixture of the decalin derivative of forumla I wherein X is Cl and R' is COCH₃ (0.124g, 0.36 mmol from Example 1) potassium hydroxide (0.118g) isopropanol (10 mL) and water (1.5 mL) was heated at reflux for 18h. The mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was added to water and extracted with hexane (4 x 20 mL). The extracts were washed with water (15 mL), brine (15 mL) and dried (Na₂SO₄). The solvents were evaporated and the residue chromatographed (eluant;hexane:ethyl acetate; 20:1). Kugelrohr distillation (bath 120°C, 1 mm) gave 0.077g (92% yield, 85% pure according to GLC analysis) of Napthofuran II .

Claims: Claims for the following Contracting States : AT, BE, CH, DE, FR, GB, GR, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE A method for the preparation of a decalin derivative of the formula wherein X is chloro, bromo or iodo and R' is an alkanoyl group of 2 to 5 carbons, which comprises treating sclareol oxide of the formula with hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide generating system in the presence of an acid catalyst, and treating the produced hydroperoxide intermediate with a metallic halide reducing agent, the halide being chloride, bromide or iodide. A method for the production of dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-naphtho[2,1-b]furan which comprises basically hydrolyzing the decalin derivative of claim 1. A method according to claim 1 wherein the acid catalyst is a lower alkyl carboxylic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid or a phosphate buffer. A method according to claim 3 wherein the amount of acid used is from about 10 to about 5000 mole percent relative to the amount of sclareol oxide present. A method according to claim 4 wherein the amount of acid is about 100 to about 4000 mole percent. A method according to claim 4 wherein the amount of acid is about 3500 mole percent. A method according to claim 1 wherein the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, dioxane, ethyl ether, t-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, water, t-butyl methyl ether, toluene, hexane or a mixture thereof. A method according to claim 1 wherein a temperature of about 0°C to about 50°C is used. A method according to claim 1 wherein a temperature of from about 10°C to about 40°C is used. A method according to claim 1 wherein the metallic halide reducing agent is a ferrous halide, cuprous halide, chromium (II) halide, titanium (III) halide, vanadium (II) or (III) halide, cobalt (II) halide or a manganese (II) halide. A decalin derivative of the formula wherein X is chloro, bromo, or iodo and R' is an alkanoyl group of 2 to 5 carbons. A sclareol oxide-13-hydroperoxide intermediate of the formula Claims for the following Contracting State : ES A method for the preparation of a decalin derivative of the formula wherein X is chloro, bromo or iodo and R' is an alkanoyl group of 2 to 5 carbons, which comprises treating sclareol oxide of the formula with hydrogen peroxide or a hydrogen peroxide generating system in the presence of an acid catalyst, and treating the produced hydroperoxide intermediate with a metallic halide reducing agent, the halide being chloride, bromide or iodide. A method for the production of dodecahydro-3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-naphtho[2,1-b]furan which comprises basically hydrolyzing the decalin derivative of claim 1. A method according to claim 1 wherein the acid catalyst is a lower alkyl carboxylic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, phosphoric acid or a phosphate buffer. A method according to claim 3 wherein the amount of acid used is from about 10 to about 5000 mole percent relative to the amount of sclareol oxide present. A method according to claim 4 wherein the amount of acid is about 100 to about 4000 mole percent. A method according to claim 4 wherein the amount of acid is about 3500 mole percent. A method according to claim 1 wherein the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, dioxane, ethyl ether, t-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, water, t-butyl methyl ether, toluene, hexane or a mixture thereof. A method according to claim 1 wherein a temperature of about 0°C to about 50°C is used. A method according to claim 1 wherein a temperature of from about 10°C to about 40°C is used. A method according to claim 1 wherein the metallic halide reducing agent is a ferrous halide, cuprous halide, chromium (II) halide, titanium (III) halide, vanadium (II) or (III) halide, cobalt (II) halide or a manganese (II) halide.

Inventors: CHRISTENSON PHILIP A, CHRISTENSON, PHILIP A.
Applicants: GIVAUDAN ROURE INT, GIVAUDAN-ROURE (INTERNATIONAL) S.A.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: C07D307
IPC codes: C07C69, C07D307, C07D303, C07D311