ANNULAR WELLHEAD SEAL

Abstract: An improved wellhead structure includes a wellhead housing 12 having a sealing surface 30 with grooves 28 therein and pressure compensating material 32 in the grooves, a sealing sleeve 16 having inner and outer resilient seal rings 62, 72 and an internal actuating groove 44 with upper and lower shoulders, an actuating ring 18 having an outer flange 46 engaged within the internal groove in the sleeve and an external surface tapering downward and inwardly, and a hanger 14 with an upstanding rim having external grooves 36 with pressure compensating material 40 in the grooves and having an inner surface which tapers upwardly and outwardly and is engaged by the external tapered surface of the actuating ring and upper and lower external seals 86, 90, and a port 80 extending from the interior of the actuating ring to its exterior into the area between such seals so that pressure applied through the port forges the hanger rim and the sealing sleeve outward to ensure positive metal-to-metal sealing across the annulus between the exterior of the hanger rim and the interior of the wellhead housing.

Description: Background The present invention relates to an improved wellhead seal for sealing across the annulus between the interior of a wellhead housing and the exterior of a hanger positioned within the wellhead housing. Prior wellhead seals have included resilient seals which are actuated into sealing position by axial force exerted on the seal ring as shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,492,026. Other wellhead seals have included resilient material with metal end members having lips which when the seal is set engage the sealing surfaces to prevent the extrusion of the resilient material and also provide a metal-to-metal sealing engagement as shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,496,162. Some annular wellhead seals have wedging elements to wedge the legs of the seal ring into sealing engagement with their sealing surfaces. Patent Nos. 4,131,287 and 4,595,053 disclose such structure and the '053 patent discloses the use of wickers or small parallel grooves into which the seal is forced for sealing. The seal of US-A-4595053 is an annular ring with inner and outer cylindrical side walls. It is located between the wellhead housing and a hanger body and is forced into a sealing position by a wedge ring which locates between the inner and outer side walls. Further, it has been known to form tubular members into fittings so that they are secured and in sealing engagement with the interior of their fittings. This art is best shown in the U.S. Patent Nos. 1,905,122; 2,438,529; 2,477,676; 3,432,916; 4,330,144; 4,388,752 and 4,593,448. Patent No. 4,593,448 discloses the use of a collapsible material in the grooves to avoid having liquid in the grooves which would prevent the desired forming of the tubular member into both sealing and locking engagement with the exterior fitting. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved annular wellhead seal which can be cold forged into sealing engagement. According to the present invention there is provided a wellhead structure comprising a wellhead housing having an internal landing seat, a hanger having a landing shoulder, an upwardly facing shoulder above said landing shoulder, an upwardly extending rim, an annular space defined between the exterior of said hanger rim and the interior of said housing above said upwardly facing hanger shoulder when said hanger is landed on said landing seat, a sealing sleeve positioned within said annular space with its lower end landed upon said upwardly facing hanger shoulder, and gripping and sealing grooves in one of the interior surface of said housing and the facing exterior surface of said sealing sleeve, gripping and sealing grooves in one of the interior surface of said sealing sleeve and the exterior surface of said hanger rim, and an actuating ring coacting with said sealing sleeve, characterised in that the rim has an internal tapered surface, said actuating ring has an external tapered surface for engaging the interior surface of said rim, a port communicates radially through said actuating ring, and sealing means are provided above and below said port between the exterior of said actuating ring and the interior of said rim, the arrangement being such that pressure within said actuating ring is transmitted through the port and applied against the interior of said rim between said sealing means to urge said rim outwardly and establish a sealing engagement between the sealing sleeve and hanger. The present seal, even though yieldably formed into sealing engagement, can be released and recovered from the well bore. The invention will be described now by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of a wellhead with the hanger landed on the wellhead housing seat. FIGURE 2 is another sectional view of the wellhead with the sealing sleeve and the actuating ring landed but in unset position. FIGURE 3 is another sectional view of the wellhead with the improved sealing assembly after initial movement of the actuator ring. FIGURE 4 is another sectional view of the wellhead with the improved sealing assembly after forming into sealing position and showing the tool by which forming pressure is delivered to the port through the actuating ring. FIGURE 5 is a section view of another form of invention which view is substantially the same as that shown in FIGURE 2 but with the modified sealing sleeve replacing the sealing sleeve shown in FIGURE 2. Description of the Preferred Embodiment As shown in FIGURES 2 and 3, wellhead assembly 10 includes wellhead housing 12, hanger 14, sealing sleeve 16 and actuating ring 18. In normal operations hanger 14 is landed with its external downwardly facing shoulder 20 in engagement with upwardly facing landing seat 22 within wellhead housing 12. Mud slots 24 extending through portions of hanger 14 as shown to allow circulation of fluids through annular space 26 between the exterior of hanger 14 and the interior of housing 12 after hanger 14 has been landed and before sealing sleeve 16 has been installed and energized. A plurality of grooves 28 extend around the interior surface 30 of housing 12 and such grooves 28 are at least partially filled with pressure compensating material 32, such as microspheres in an epoxy matrix. Such grooves function to provide the sealing surface for sealing engagement with sealing sleeve 16 on the interior surface 30 of housing 12 as hereinafter explained. Hanger 14 includes upper rim 34 with a plurality of grooves 36 which extend around the exterior surface 38 of hanger rim 34 and such grooves 36 are at least partially filled with pressure compensating material 40, such as microspheres in an epoxy matrix. Such grooves function to provide the sealing surface for sealing engagement with sealing sleeve 16 on the exterior surface 38 of hanger 14 as hereinafter described. Inner surface 42 of hanger rim 34 is slightly tapered downwardly and inwardly as shown. As shown in FIGURE 2, sealing sleeve 16 includes inner annular groove 44 in its upper interior to receive exterior flange 46 which extends outwardly from actuating ring 18. Exterior flange 46 of actuating ring 18 has upper shoulder 52 which tapers upwardly and outwardly. Upper downwardly facing shoulder 48 marks the upper limit of groove 44 and lower upwardly facing shoulder 50 marks the lower limit of groove 44. Upper shoulder 48 tapers downwardly and inwardly to mate with upper shoulder 52 on flange 46. This mating tapered engagement simplifies the release and retrieval of actuator ring 18 and sleeve 16 from their set positions. Exterior surface 54 of sleeve 16 extends from the upper end of sleeve 16 to outward taper 56 from which surface 58 extends downward to external annular groove 60 which has resilient seal 62 positioned therein. The lower end of sleeve 16 includes slots 64 and when landed engages external upwardly facing hanger shoulder 66. Inner surface 68 of sleeve 16 below shoulder 50 extends downward to internal annular groove 70 in which resilient seal 72 is positioned. As sealing sleeve 16 is being run into the wellhead housing 12 and annular space 26, it is retained to actuating ring 18 by shear pins 45 positioned through holes 43 in sleeve 16 and into holes 47 in actuating ring 18. After sealing sleeve 16 has been landed on upwardly facing hanger shoulder 66, further downward movement of actuating ring 18 shears pins 45 and actuating ring 18 moves downward into position to allow energization of sealing sleeve 16 as will be described hereinafter. Upper surface 74 of actuating ring 18 is tapered downwardly and inwardly to provide a landing seat for any additional wellhead member which is to be positioned within the wellhead housing 12. Groove 76 around the interior of actuating ring 18 provides a profile for engagement by a well tool (not shown) and lower groove 78 is in communication with port 80 which extends through actuating ring 18 as shown. As stated above, flange 46 extends from the upper exterior of actuating ring 18. Exterior surface 82 below flange 46 tapers downwardly and inwardly to the same degree as surface 42 on the interior of hanger rim 34. Surface 82 has upper groove 84 having seal 86 therein and lower groove 88 having seal 90 therein being respectively positioned above and below the opening of port 80 on surface 82. The positions of grooves 84 and 88 are selected to ensure a proper seal above and below port 80 against sleeve 16 while spanning at least a substantial portion of the surface 42 on hanger rim 34. When sleeve 16 and actuating ring 18 have landed, as shown in FIGURE 2, operating tool 92 (FIGURE 4) which is lowered on string 94 so that its shoulder 96 engages surface 74 on actuating ring 18 and forces it downwardly. Since sleeve 16 is seated on hanger shoulder 66, actuating ring 18 moves downward with respect to sleeve 16 and hanger rim 34. This downward movement brings outer surface 82 of actuating ring 18 into wedging engagement with inner surface 42 of hanger rim 34 forcing it radially outward. As actuating ring 18 continues its downward movement it moves hanger rim 34 into tight engagement with sleeve 16 and sleeve 16 into tight engagement with internal surface 30 of wellhead housing 12. Operating tool 92 also has its lower portion positioned within actuating ring 18 with port 98 communicating from the interior of tool 92 to groove 78. Tool 92 includes pressure amplifying means 100 which amplifies the fluid pressure delivered through string 94. As pressure forces are developed as hereinafter described, tool 92 continues to exert a downward force on surface 74 of actuating ring 18. Hydraulic fluid fills the lower chamber of tool 92 and is delivered through port 98, groove 78, port 80 and into the space between seals 86 and 90 so that it is exerted on the interior of hanger rim 34 and the force developed thereby is also translated to rim 34 to create substantial forces urging rim 34 against the interior of sleeve 16 and the exterior of sleeve 16 against interior surface 30 of wellhead housing 12. The forces created by the wedging action of actuating ring 18 and the pressure delivered by tool 92 are sufficient to provide a metal-to-metal gripping and sealing engagement between sleeve 16 and the surfaces of hanger rim 34 and housing 12. When the gripping and sealing step is completed, pressure in string 94 is relieved and tool 92 is retrieved, leaving the improved wellhead assembly 10 in sealed position. The modified form of the invention shown in FIGURE 7 is the same in all components as the structure previously described except that the sealing grooves 28 and 36 which are in the interior of housing 12 and the exterior of hanger 14 in the form shown in FIGURE 2 have been moved to be sealing grooves 28a and 36a on the exterior and interior, respectively, of sealing sleeve 16a. With this modified form of the invention, it is advantageous since the pressure compensating material in the grooves 28 and 36 can be depleted or compressed on initial setting and its advantage lost in subsequent setting of the assembly. With the grooves and pressure compensating material in the sealing sleeve 16a, a leaking seal on initial setting allows the assembly to be recovered and a new sealing sleeve 16a to be used to provide the new seal. In this way the damage to the grooves and pressure compensating material in the grooves is avoided and the best chance for a tight gripping and sealing engagement with each running is ensured. It should be noted that setting can be sequential with the wedging action created by the downward movement of actuating ring 18 as a first steps followed by the pressure forming step. However, it is believed to be advantageous to perform such steps simultaneously so that they are both effective and provide the maximum efficiency in the setting of the gripping and sealing engagement between sleeve 16 and the surfaces of hanger rim 34 and housing 12. As mentioned above, actuating ring 18 and sleeve 16 can be retrieved by lowering a suitable tool (not shown) into the interior of actuating ring 18 and (through engagement with groove 76) lifting actuating ring 18. With sufficient force, actuating ring 18 moves upward and when flange shoulder 52 engages shoulder 48 on sleeve 16. The tapers on shoulders 52 and 48 with upward movement of actuating ring 18 provide an inward force component of the upward force and assist in the relieving of the gripping engagement between sleeve 16 and housing 12 and between sleeve 16 and hanger rim 34.

Claims: A wellhead structure comprising a wellhead housing (12) having an internal landing seat (22), a hanger (14) having a landing shoulder (20), an upwardly facing shoulder (66) above said landing shoulder, an upwardly extending rim (34), an annular space (26) defined between the exterior of said hanger rim (34) and the interior of said housing (12) above said upwardly facing hanger shoulder when said hanger is landed on said landing seat, a sealing sleeve (16) positioned within said annular space with its lower end landed upon said upwardly facing hanger shoulder (66), and gripping and sealing grooves (28) in one of the interior surface of said housing and the facing exterior surface of said sealing sleeve, gripping and sealing grooves (36) in one of the interior surface of said sealing sleeve and the exterior surface of said hanger rim, and an actuating ring (18) coacting with said sealing sleeve, characterised in that the rim (34) has an internal tapered surface (42), said actuating ring (18) has an external tapered surface (82) for engaging the interior surface of said rim, a port (80) communicates radially through said actuating ring, and sealing means (86, 90) are provided above and below said port between the exterior of said actuating ring and the interior of said rim, the arrangement being such that pressure within said actuating ring (18) is transmitted through the port (80) and applied against the interior of said rim between said sealing means to urge said rim outwardly and establish a sealing engagement between the sealing sleeve (16) and hanger (14). A wellhead structure according to claim 1, wherein said sealing means includes an upper sealing ring (86) in the exterior surface of said actuating ring (18) above the opening of said port (80) in such exterior surface and a sealing ring (90) in the exterior surface of said actuating ring (18) below the opening of said port (80) in such exterior surface. A wellhead structure according to claim 1 including resilient sealing means (72, 62) positioned in internal (70) and external (60) grooves in said sealing sleeve in the lower portion of said sealing sleeve (16). A wellhead structure according to claim 1, wherein said gripping and sealing grooves (28, 36) are in the interior of said housing (12) and in the exterior of said hanger rim (34). A wellhead structure according to claim 1, wherein said gripping and sealing grooves (28, 36) are in the exterior and interior of said sealing sleeve (16). A wellhead structure according to claim 4, including pressure compensating material (32, 40) at least partially filling said internal housing grooves and said external hanger rim grooves. A wellhead structure according to claim 6, wherein said pressure compensating material (32, 40) is microspheres in an epoxy matrix. A wellhead structure according to claim 1 including means (48, 52) coacting between said sleeve (16) and said actuating ring (18), movement of said actuating ring downward on said hanger rim (34) wedging said hanger rim (34) and said sealing sleeve (16) outwardly and pressure supplied through said port (80) forcing said hanger rim and said sealing sleeve radially outward for sealing the annular space between the exterior of said hanger rim and the interior of said housing. A wellhead structure according to claim 8, wherein said coacting means includes an internal groove (44) in the upper interior of said sealing sleeve (16), said groove (44) having a shoulder (48) at its upper end, and a flange (48) on the exterior of said actuating ring (18) positioned within said sealing sleeve internal groove and having an upper surface (52). A wellhead structure according to claim 9, wherein the shoulder (48) at the upper end of said sealing sleeve (16) internal groove is tapered downwardly and inward, and the upper surface (52) of said actuating ring flange (46) is tapered downward and inward to mate with the upper groove shoulder whereby upward force exerted by said actuating ring exerted on said groove shoulder creates an inward force component to assist in the release of said sealing sleeve from its sealing position. A method of providing an annular wellhead seal between the exterior of a hanger rim (34) and the interior of a wellhead housing (12) in a wellhead according to claim 1 including the steps of landing a sealing sleeve (16) in the annular space between the hanger rim (34) and the housing interior, wedging said hanger rim (34) outward against said sealing sleeve (16), and exerting fluid pressure on a substantial portion of the interior of said hanger rim (34) to pressure form said hanger rim and said sealing sleeve into sealing engagement with each other and into sealing engagement of said sealing sleeve with said housing interior. A method according to claim 11, wherein said wedging and pressure exerting steps are performed sequentially. A method according to claim 11, wherein said wedging and pressure exerting steps are performed simultaneously.

Inventors: TAYLOR, WILLIAM M.
Applicants: COOPER INDUSTRIES INC.
Application year: 1988
Main classification: E21B33
IPC codes: F16J15, E21B33