CRUSHER

Abstract: A crusher used for crushing metal blocks obtained by the compression of scrap metal and scrapped vehicles, where the crusher has a discharge opening (l5), the inside of the crusher casing (l) is equipped with pressing rolls (5, 5a) in the upper part, a crushing roll (6) arranged in the middle below the pressing rolls (5, 5a) and a pressing body (7) arranged close to the crushing roll (6) where the pressing rolls (5, 5a) and the crushing roll (6) are provided on their circumference with protruding blades (52, 52a; 62), while the pressing body (7) is provided with pressing blades on its circumference near the crushing roll (6) and is arranged so that it can freely come closer to or away from the crushing roll (6).

Description: The present invention relates to a crusher comprising a casing with a discharge opening and an inlet opening, at least two horizontally arranged pressing rolls mounted in the upper part of the inside of the casing so that the rolls may rotate, driving means for rotating the pressing rolls, and radially protruding blades provided on the circumference of the pressing rolls. Such a crusher is known from GB-A-2 056 880. This known crusher is adapted particularly for the treatment of claystone and does not allow for the adjustment thereof in order to treat material of various sizes with equal effectiveness. From GB-A-1 057 206 a device is known which is adapted particularly for tearing materials which come in bale form. Since the bales are always of the same size, no adjustability for crushing differently sized pieces is provided. FR-A-1 344 764 describes a device particularly adapted for crushing plant fibers. The known device comprises in addition to two crushing rollers an adjustable compression body. However, while the materials supplied to the inlet may vary in size, the fibers are all about the same size. Accordingly, an adjustment of the compression bar does not take place during operation. In the conventional way of recycling large-sized metal scraps, the scraps are as a preparatory step firstly cut into a prescribed size by means of a shearing machine. The cut blocks are then crushed into finished metal scraps high in added value. However, this way of cutting the large-sized metal scrap blocks by using a shearing machine as preparatory treatment produces the cut scraps bigger in volume than a certain convenient size, and therefore, it is necessary to further crush the larger sized metal scraps to a smaller size to be used finally as recycled scraps. Accordingly, the crusher required for this purpose must be big in size and this leads to high costs in scrap crushing. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a crusher which can adjust to crush larger sized metal scraps to a smaller size and which is smaller in size than conventional crushers. It is furthermore advantageous to provide a crusher which is effective in achieving cost reduction. Therefore, a crusher of the kind mentioned above is characterized according to the present invention in that a crushing roll having radially protruding blades is mounted to the casing in the middle below the pressing rolls so that it may rotate, driving means is provided for rotating the crushing roll, a pressing body is mounted to the casing close to the crushing rolls so that it may freely move forwards and away from the crushing roll, whereby the pressing body is provided with pressing blades extending towards the crushing roll, and driving means is provided for adjusting the distance between the crushing and the pressing body. For this reason, the present invention makes it possible to crush large-sized metal scraps into the size of scraps smaller than the case of conventional way of using shearing machine, and thus to make smaller the size of the crusher used for making chips from metal scraps, and is therefore effective for achieving cost reduction. Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a crusher of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II of Fig. 1. The present invention relates to a crusher used for crushing metal blocks made from the compression, for instance, of scrapped cars, metal scraps, etc. As shown in Fig. 1, the crusher casing 1 has on its upper end an inlet opening 11, which is equipped with a bracket protruding on its upper end on the right hand side, through which the chute 2 is supported on the shaft in a way that allows free rotation. The chute 2 is supported horizontally by being contact fitted on the upper surface of the support column 3 and the metal sraps are fed when the machine is in the shown position. Further, a bracket 21 is provided on the rear surface of chute 2, and also the lower end of the side of the crusher casing 1 has a protruding bracket 13, where the end of oil hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the bracket 13 with freedom of rotation, while ram end of the oil hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the bracket 21 with freedom of rotation. Therefore, by feeding working oil to the oil hydraulic cylinder 4, the chute 2 is driven to rotate with the shaft of bracket 21 as its center of rotation. The inside construction of the crusher casing 1 can be described as follows. Firstly, the upper part of the casing is equipped with a pair of pressing rolls 5, 5a horizontally arranged. Both ends of the roll shafts 51, 51a of the pressing rolls are supported by the casing in a manner that the rolls can rotate freely, and further, it is so constructed that the rotating power of the driving motor (not shown in the drawing) can be transmitted to these roll shafts, which, as a result can be rotated in both directions but are rotated only in the inward direction when used for scrap crushing. As shown in Fig. 2, the pressing rolls 5, 5a are of a construction where the roll plates 53, 53a have on their circumferences a multiple number of radially arranged pressing blades (7 pieces in the case of Fig. 2). Further roll plates 54, 54a of a diameter smaller than the former roll plates are alternately arranged between the former roll plates. Hence, the pressing blades 52, 52a are so arranged as to have a certain distance between each other, in the axial direction of the rolls 5, 5a. Therefore, the relative positioning of the roll plates 53 and 53a that have pressing blades and the relative position of the roll plates 54 and 54a are arranged so that the end part of the pressing blade 52, 52a come closest to the opposite roll plate 54, 54a. The shape of both front and rear ends of the pressing blades 52, 52a are formed to have a sharp edge and is hexagonal as a whole. Further, in the clearance between the pressing blades 52, 52a of pressing rolls 5, 5a, that is to say, the clearance against the roll plates 54, 54a of smaller diameter there come the blades of chasing plates 14, 14a protruding inward from the inner wall of the crusher casing. Further, as shown in Fig. 1, a crushing roll 6 is positioned in the middle below the engaging parts of the pressing rolls 5, 5a and the relation between the pressing rolls on the upper side and the crusing roll on the lower side is the form of an upside down triangle. The crushing roll 6 is driven and rotated by the rotary shaft 61 and is constructed in the same way as the pressing rolls 5, 5a and equipped with the crushing blades 62 radially arranged with the prescribed distance on the circumference of the roll. Further, below the crushing roll 6 is positioned a pressing body 7. The shaft 71, one end of which is fixed to the pressing body, extends to the outside of the crusher casing 1. On the outer end of the shaft 71 is fixed an end of the driving lever 72, the base end of which is supported at the crusher casing 1 with freedom of rotation by means of shaft 73. Also, the ram end of the oil hydraulic cylinder 8 is connected to the lower face of the driving lever 72. The oil hydraulic cylinder is supported with freedom of rotation by the bracket 9 arranged on the bottom outside the crusher casing 1. The bottom of the crusher casing 1 forms a discharge opening 15. In the following, the function of metal scrap crushing is described according to the present invention. Metal scraps fed into the crusher casing 1 by the chute 2 from the inlet opening 11 is put between the pressing rolls 5, 5a respectively rotating inwardly and is to some extent crushed in such a way that it is deformed, bored and so on. In this case, if too much metal scrap is put between the pressing rolls causing an overload, both pressing rolls 5, 5a are rotated in the reverse direction. The repetition of this motion will solve the problem. The revolution speed of the pressing roll 5a on the right hand side is set faster than the speed of the other pressing roll 5 on the lefthand side, in order to increase the pressing efficiency. The metal scraps, crushed to some extent, are scattered by the crushing roll 6 in its rotating direction and discharged from the discharge opening 15. The revolution speed of the crushing roll 6 is the same as that of the pressing roll 5 and is slower than that of the pressing roll 5a. The metal scraps that were not completely crushed by the crushing roll 6 but were entangled with the said crushing roll 6, are crushed by the blade of the pressing body 7 and discharged from the discharge opening 15. Further, the distance between the crushing roll 6 and the pressing body 7 can be adjusted by the up and down movement of the said pressing body, that it to say, the crushing rate of metal scraps can be adjusted.

Claims: 1. A crusher comprising: a casing (1) with a discharge opening (15) and an inlet opening (11); at least two horizontally arranged pressing rolls (5, 5a) mounted in the upper part of the inside of the casing (1) so that the rolls may rotate; driving means for rotating the pressing rolls; and radially protruding blades (52, 52a) provided on the circumference of the pressing rolls (5, 5a); characterized in that: a crushing roll (6) having radially protruding blades is mounted to the casing (1) in the middle below the pressing rolls (5, 5a) so that it may rotate; driving means is provided for rotating the crushing roll (6); a pressing body (7) is mounted to the casing close to the crushing roll (6) so that it may freely move towards and away from the crushing roll (6), whereby the pressing body (7) is provided with pressing blades extending towards the crushing roll (6); and driving means (8) is provided for adjusting the distance between the crushing roll (6) and the pressing body (7). 2. A crusher according to claim 1, wherein the driving means for rotating the pressing rolls (5, 5a) is capable of rotating the pressing rolls in both directions. 3. A crusher according to claim 1, wherein the pressing rolls (5, 5a) are rotated at different speeds. 4. A crusher according to claim 1, wherein the driving means for adjusting the distance comprises a hydraulic cylinder (8).

Inventors: OKAZAKI, KAORU, TAKAHASHI, TEIGO
Applicants: TEZUKA KOSAN KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1987
Main classification: B02C18
IPC codes: B02C18, B02C17