IRON CORE OF ELECTROMAGNET AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

Abstract: The iron core (6,16) of an electromagnet comprises a stack of a plurality of steel sheets (1,21) stacked each other perpendicular to a horizontal axis (o-o′), and presents a sectional shape symmetrical with respect to the horizontal axis and is provided therein with a groove (5,25) of a specified shape. The iron core is produced by stacking and integrating a desired number of the steel sheets into a one-piece iron core and finally forming the specific shaped groove therein. Accordingly, no gaps are generated in the iron core and then the density thereof becomes high even in case of a sector iron core. Furthermore, the groove formation is conducted as a final step after the integration of the stacked steel sheets, the heat during welding operation for such integration has no bad effect on the groove in the iron core and then the problem of lack of magnetic force is solved.

Description: The present invention relates to an iron core for an electromagnet, which particularly is suitable for use in an accelerator, and to a method for producing such an iron core. Usually, an accelerator is equipped with a ring for accelerating or storing accelerated charged particle beams. That ring has an electromagnet for deflecting the charged particle beams, and the electromagnet comprises a coil and an iron core composed of stacked steel sheets. Conventionally, the steel sheets to be stacked are punched out into a predetermined shape or are machined to provide a groove therein and a desired accuracy is obtained in this state. Thereafter, the punched steel sheets are stacked by means of a stacking device. The stacked steel sheets are pressed and deformed, or the stack length difference is corrected. After all those steps, the sheets are welded or bonded together to form a one piece iron core. A sector iron core is produced by in a direction of deflection angle of charged particle beams or circumferentially stacking the required number of punched steel sheets each of which is shaped to provide a substantially C-shaped cross section and has a groove. Thereafter, the stacked sheets are integrally welded together by weld beads through end plates and side plates. The sectional shape of the sector iron core is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal axis. In the sector iron core, gaps are generated at an outer peripheral portion thereof because of the difference in the length of the outer and the inner arcs when steel sheets are stacked in the direction of deflection angle or circumferentially. Therefore, steel spacers are usually inserted in these gaps. Incidentally, the steel sheet has a thinner thickness at ends thereof depending on a capability of the rolling mill. These are thickness deviations called "edge drops". For this reason, especially in the case of an iron core of a wider section, gaps are generated on the ends of the iron core section when steel sheets are stacked in the direction of deflection angle of charged electron beams or circumferentially. Accordingly, steel sheet spacers are also inserted in the gaps in this part. Coils are disposed in a wider part of the groove and a beam duct is placed in a narrower part thereof for serving as the path for charged particle beams. In the above-mentioned structure, however, gaps generated at the ends of the iron core caused by the thickness deviation cannot be completely eliminated even if these gaps are to be reduced by inserting steel sheet spacers. It is particularly impossible to completely fill with the steel spacers the gaps generated in an interior of a sector iron core of an electromagnet. This is because the shape of a gap is complicated depending on the producing conditions and so on, so that it is practically impossible to machine the steel spacer to adapt to the shape of the gap. Therefore, these gaps cannot be completely filled with the spacers and as a result an iron core of low density is produced. Furthermore, in the conventional iron core, steel sheets are integrated into one piece iron core after the finish of all steps of processing (groove formation and general machining). Therefore, the deformation occurs in the iron core due to the welding heat on the occasion of integration. A groove which has been worked beforehand has low strength and this deformation is especially remarkable when heat is applied to such groove. The same occurs when gaps are existent. Especially, when these iron cores used in an accelerator, a decrease in accuracy makes the path for charged particle beams unstable if the above-mentioned defect occurs in the iron core of electromagnet, because the bending electromagnet has the important function of guiding the path of charged particle beams that travel within the accelerator. Moreover, a decrease in the density of the iron core poses problems, such as lack of magnetic force (accuracy and size of a magnetic field generated by the iron core). In EP-A-160 121 an iron core for an electromagnet is disclosed which comprises a stack of individual steel sheets providing a a sectional shape symmetrical with respect to a horizontal axis. The said stack includes a groove of a specific shape in the core. The said groove extends along the stacking axis of the stacked sheets which results in difficult machining possibilty of the groove of the core to obtain a desired exactness. The present invention, therefore, is contemplated to provide an easy way for producing an iron core for an electromagnet made of stacked steel sheets which has no gap therein to provide a high density and is not influenced by heat when the steel sheets are integrally welded together. The said objects are obtained by means of a core design as defined in the appended claim 1 and by means of a method for making such a core as defined in the appended claim 4. Advantageous further developments of the invention are defined in corresponding subclaims. Because the iron core of an electromagnet in accordance with the invention is made by stacking a plurality of steel sheets perpendicularly to the horizontal axis, no gaps are generated even if the iron core has the shape of a sector, so that the density becomes high. Furthermore, because the groove formation is conducted as the final step after the stacking and the integration of a specified number of steel sheets, the groove is not present when welding and other processing are carried out to integrate the stacked steel sheets into a one-piece core segment, so that the iron core has sufficient strength and is not deformed even by heat, etc. The above and other objects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a plan view showing a sector iron core of an electromagnet in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line I-I of Fig. 1; Figs. 3A to 3H are perspective views showing producing process of the sector iron core; Fig. 4 is a side view showing a rectangular iron core of an electromagnet as another embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-V of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a plane view seen from a direction of the line VI-VI of Fig. 4; and Figs. 7A to 7E are perspective views showing the producing process of the rectangular iron core shown in Figs. 4 to 6. As apparent from Figs. 1 and 2, a sector iron core 6 of an electromagnet is made of a stack of steel sheets 1 and has a substantially C-shaped cross section and a groove 5. The cross sectional shape of the iron core 6 is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal axis (line 0-0' in Fig. 2). A coil 9 is disposed in a wider part of the groove 5 and a beam duct is disposed in a narrower part thereof for serving as a path for charged particle beams. End plates 2 and side plates 3 are placed on a periphery of the iron core 6 and the steel sheets 1 are integrally welded each other by weld beads 4 through the end plates 2 and the side plates 3. This embodiment is characterized in that the sector iron core 6 is formed by stacking up a plurality of steel sheets 1 each extending perpendicularly to the horizontal axis. Next, the producing process of the iron core 6 will be described hereinunder by referring to Figs. 3A to 3H. First, a plurality of rectangular steel sheets 1 (shown in Fig. 3A, are stacked up as shown in Fig. 3B and then assembled into a core half presenting a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in Fig. 3C. Side plates 3 are applied on an upper surface of the core half through weld beads 4 as shown in Fig. 3D, and all the steel sheets 1 are integrated together so as to be machined. Next, as shown in Fig. 3E, both sides of the core half are machined to provide curved surfaces and both ends thereof are also machined to provide end surfaces extending towards a centre axis of a sector, to which end plates 2 are applied. Finally the iron core half presents a sector shape in a plan view as shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 3F, side plates 3 are also welded to these curved surfaces by weld beads 4. In this condition, a groove portion 5' for housing the coil 9 and the beam duct 10 is formed in the iron core half as shown in Fig. 3G. Next, another iron core half produced in the same manner as mentioned above is prepared and the two iron core halves are mated with each other through a junction 6a so as to provide the groove 5 therebetween and jointed together to form the sector iron core 6 as shown in Fig. 3H. According the sector iron core 6 of an electromagnet with a substantially C-shaped cross-section is obtained. According to this embodiment, because a plurality of the steel sheets 1 are stacked perpendicularly to the horizontal axis or in a radial direction, no gaps are generated in the sector iron core 6 in spite of a difference in an inner and an outer peripheries of the sector iron core 6. In addition, the gaps at the ends of the sector core 6 resulting from the "edge drop" are not generated because the ends of the steel sheet 1 are removed in the machining process for forming the shape of a sector. Accordingly, the iron core can obtain a high density and the steel spacers which have so far been used to fill the gaps become unnecessary, thus providing advantages in economy as well as in ease of work. Moreover, because the final step of groove formation is conducted after the integration of the steel sheets into a one-piece core 6, no weak portions in terms of strength are formed during welding. Accordingly a deformation due to heat dose not occur any more, and groove formation can be conducted with high accuracy. Therefore, the problems of accuracy of a magnetic field generated by the iron core and of lack of magnetic force, such as size of magnetic field, can be solved. Another embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figs. 4 to 6. An iron core 16 of an electromagnet has a rectangular plane shape and provides a groove 25 of an H-shaped section. In the iron core 16, the steel sheets 21 are also stacked perpendicularly to the horizontal axis (line 0-0' in Fig. 5). The producing process of this iron core 16 will be described in connection with Figs. 7A to 7E. First, a plurality of rectangular steel sheets 21 (Fig. 7A) are stacked together to form an iron core half of rectangular parallelepiped as shown in Fig. 7B. Then, as shown in fig. 7C, end plates 2 and side plates 3 are applied to the iron core half and then the steel sheets 21 are welded into a one-piece core half by weld beads 4 through these plates 2, 3. After that, as shown in half Fig. 7D, a groove half 25' is formed in the iron core half by machining. Another iron core half made in the same manner as described in the procedure is prepared and the two iron core halves are joined with each other on the horizontal axis (line 0-0') as shown in Fig. 7E, so that an iron core 16 of an electromagnet in which a section of the groove 25 is almost H-shaped is obtained. The effect of this second embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment. This second embodiment is especially advantageous when the length of the iron core is small compared with the sectional width in view of the "edge drop". Incidentally, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the descriptions are given by taking, as examples, an iron core of an electromagnet whose section is C-shaped or which has an H-shaped groove. In addition to these types, there is a window frame type in which the groove is at the center of the section of the iron core. Furthermore, the descriptions related to the iron cores of a sector plane view and of a rectangular plane view are made in connection with the iron cores whose section is C-shaped and whose groove has an H-shaped sectional view, respectively. However, the present invention is not limited to these iron cores and any shape of the iron core can be selected. In addition, the deflection angle may be 180 degrees in the case of the sector iron core of the electromagnet.

Claims: An iron core for an electromagnet, said core (6; 16) being composed of two core half portions which are disposed mirror symmetrical to each other with respect to a horizontal plane and each comprise a plurality of steel sheets (1; 21) stacked against each other along a horizontal stacking axis and each sheet (1; 21) lying in a plane normal to said horizontal stacking axis, characterised in that said steel sheets (1; 21) are formed with shapes each or in groups differring from each other along said stacking axis in such a manner that an internal space (5; 25) is formed extending from one face lateral to said stacking axis and lying in a vertical plane, to the other equivalent face. An iron core according to claim 1, characterised in that it is formed with a sector plane view and has a substantially C-shaped section or an H-shaped groove (25) forming the internal space and that side and end plates (2, 3) are attached to peripheral surfaces thereof to weld and fix said steel sheets (1) together. An iron core according to claim 1, characterised in that it is formed with a rectangular plane view and has a substantially C-shaped section or an H-shaped groove (25) forming the internal space and that side and end plates (2, 3) are attached to peripheral surfaces thereof to weld and fix said steel sheets (21) together. A method of producing an iron core for an electromagnet, said core (6; 16) being composed of two core half portions which are disposed mirror symmetrical to each other with respect to a horizontal plane and each comprise a plurality of steel sheets (1; 21) stacked against each other along a horizontal stacking axis and each sheet (1; 21) lying in a plane normal to said stacking axis, characterised in that a plurality of steel sheets (1; 21) are stacked vertical against each other along a horizontal axis and fixed integrally to present a rectangular parallelepiped, and that then a space portion (5'; 25') is machined into said stack along a horizontal plane so as to extend from one lateral vertical face to the other. A method according to claim 4, characterised in that it further comprises the step of machining each core half portion into a sector in plan view having curved peripheries and opposite ends extending towards a center axis of said sector. A method according to claim 5, characterised in that it further comprises the step of applying side and end plates (2, 3) onto peripheral surfaces of said sector plan view iron core half portions and welding said steel sheets (1; 21) with each other through said side and end plates (2, 3).

Inventors: ASANO, KATSUHIKO, HASHIMOTO, HIROSHI
Applicants: HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: H01F7
IPC codes: H01F3, H01F7, H05H7, H01F41, G01Q80