MULTI-MODE MICROWAVE CAVITY

Abstract: A microwave cavity (1) for drying/heating having at least one microwave source (6) emitting microwave energy of wavelength W into the cavity (1). By design of the size, shape and dimensions of the cavity (1) and the placement of the microwave source(s) (6), the number of resonance modes is maximized in a processing zone (8) in the cavity (1), and the number of resonance modes and reflected energy is minimum at the microwave source(s) (6).

Description: MULTI-MODE MICROWAVE CAVITY The present invention relates to a microwave drier used for the processing of various materials for example crops after harvesting, such as grains, beans, fruit, rice and the like. The present invention is also useful for the processing of minerals and by-products of the mining industry, peat moss, molasses and sugar by products, cotton, wool, tea, sand, sewerage and any other products which require partial or complete moisture reduction. The present invention can also be used for sterilisation and the eradication of insect pests within a material to be treated. In particular, the present invention relates to the design of a resonant cavity of a microwave drier which can utilise, simultaneously two or more continuous microwave sources to effect the drying/heating of a load placed within said cavity without causing any adverse effects to either microwave source. In previous attempts to dry/heat material by the use of microwave energy directed into a resonant cavity, problems of 'spot' drying arose, this was because the penetration of the microwaves into the material was not consistent throughout the material, thus leaving alternating hot and cold 'spots'. This effect was caused by destructive and constructive interference and the antinodes and nodes of the resonance within the cavity. In addition these prior art microwave driers utilised pulsed microwave sources beamed into a square or rectangular resonant cavity. The maximum number of modes throughout the cavity was dependant on the overall size of that cavity. The provision of rotating turntables or field/mode stirrers improved uniformity of heating within the cavity by moving the material to be processed through the cavity or continually altering the mode pattern within the cavity. The use of stirrers within a cavity causes problems when simultaneous use of several continuous microwave sources is desired in order to increase energy density within the cavity. Stirrers disturb the modal pattern such that a stationary nodal/antinodal pattern is not established within the cavity, resulting in the tendency for the magnetron to cross couple with likely destructive results. The use of a small cavity to increase energy density causes a reduction in the number of available modes resulting in uneven heating. One of the basic problems of the rectangular or square-shaped cavity is that the nodes or hot spots in the mode pattern within the cavity are evenly spaced throughout the cavity producing regularly spaced hot spots. Most items to be processed within a rectangular cavity do not fully fill the cavity and hence can not make full use of all the nodes within the cavity, resulting in uneven heating of the item. The present invention seeks to substantially alleviate the above problems by providing a microwave drying system which utilises one or more controlled continuous microwave sources to allow more uniform penetration of the load material stationary within or passing through a processing zone within the cavity. In particular, the present invention seeks to provide a resonant cavity which, by its particular choice of design shape, size and dimensions, and placement of at least one microwave source provides a more efficient method of microwave drying/heating and provides a greater number of modes within the useable processing zone. CHAMBER DESIGN CRITERIA The geometric shape of a cavity is preferably such as to create as many modes of resonance as possible within the processing zone and across the frequency band utilised. Additionally, if more than one microwave source is to be utilised then preferable conditions for continuous and simultaneous operation of several microwave sources should be maintained. The preferable conditions for continuous and simultaneous operation of several microwave sources within the one resonant cavity include: (a) A resonant cavity shape designed so that waves emitted from any microwave source, are not reflected to the same or any other microwave source except after many multiple reflections from the walls of the chamber with (i) consequential passage through the load material placed within or travelling through the cavity, and (ii) cross coupling to the resonant modes of the cavity, (b) The spacing of the microwave sources along one side plate of the cavity allows each microwave source to be positioned at an antinode of a major resonance and supported between the two parallel ends of the cavity said end plates being perpendicular to said side plates. The chamber material preferably has high reflectivity with respect to the wave length of the microwave radiation to be utilised, and is non magnetic. In one broad form, the present invention provides a microwave cavity having at least one microwave energy source emitting microwave energy of wavelength W into said cavity, at least two parallel and opposing inner surfaces separated by a distance proportional to the wavelength W, such that in operation, cross-coupling of microwave energy occurs with substantial maximising of the number of resonance modes between said inner surfaces, and, with substantial minimising of resonant mode energy and reflected energy at said microwave source/s. A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a resonant cavity in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the drying cavity, of Fig. 1 showing dimensions in terms of wavelength of the microwave energy used; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the resonant cavity of a second preferred embodiment of the invention; and, Fig. 4 shows a plan view " of the drying cavity of Fig. 3 showing dimensions in terms of the wavelength of the microwave energy used. In Fig. 1 is shown a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention. The cavity, generally designated by the numeral 1 comprises ten inner surfaces. The upper and lower surfaces 2 and 3 respectively, are provided in parallel facing relationship, as are the side surfaces 4 and 5. A plurality of microwave sources 6 are spaced along the length of the cavity, as shown in Fig. 2. Each of the microwave sources 6 are mounted on the sloping upper side plates 7, such that microwave energy is beamed into the chamber 1 through waveguides (not shown) . The shape and placement of each of the inner surfaces of the cavity 1, together with the placement of each of the microwave sources 6, is such that no direct reflections into each microwave source is possible, either from the same or other microwave sources. At the intersection between each of the pairs of parallel inner surfaces 2 and 3, and, 4 and 5, and end plates 11 and 12 respectively, is defined a processing zone 8, in which the material to be dried/heated is placed. The material may be placed in the processing zone 8, or may be moved through on a conveyor system (not shown). At the top of the cavity 1, is shown a ducting means 9, which allows the extraction of moist air from the cavity 1, through a perforated section 10. The perforated section 10 allows the passage of moist air from the cavity, whilst reflecting the microwaves within the cavity. In Fig. 2 each of the microwave sources 6 are placed alternatively on each .side of the chamber, along the length of the chamber 1. A conveyor system (not shown) enters through end 11, pases through the centre of chamber 1 and exits through end 12; suitable chokes (microwave attenuators) being used at the entry and exit points of the conveyor system. The conveyor system preferably consists of a porous conveyor belt for use with granular products, such that air may pass directly through the product. The conveyor belt is preferably sloped from one end of the cavity to the other, or is angled through the centre of the cavity 1, to further enhance uniformity of the exposure of the material on the conveyor belt to microwave energy. In use, microwave energy is beamed into the cavity 1 from each of the microwave sources 6. The microwave energy undergoes multiple reflections off the inner surfaces of the cavity 1, after which most of the energy becomes cross coupled to one of the many resonant modes of the cavity 1, existing between the sets of parallel sides 4 and 5, and 2 and 3, respectively. The intersection between each of these sides and the end plates defines the processing zone 8. Since the distance between each parallel set of sides is greater than the corresponding dimension of the processing zone 8, a greater number of modes can exist than in a rectangular cavity having the dimensions of this processing zone 8. This greater number of modes within the processing zone 8 results in better uniformity of drying/heating. The placement of each of the inner surfaces of the cavity 1 is carefully selected such that, the number of modes of resonance is maximized within said processing zone, and such that the number of modes of resonance is minimized at the placement of the microwave sources 6. In Fig. 3 is shown a cross-section of a second embodiment of a microwave chamber in accordance with the present invention. The chamber 1 is again provided with three sets of parallel sides 2 and 3, and 4 and 5, and end plates 11 and 12 respectively. This embodiment shows a smaller sized chamber; in which the placement of the microwave sources 6 and the spacing of the inner surfaces becomes more critical to achieve a processing zone 8 of higher energy density. In Fig. 4 is shown a plan view of the embodiment of Fig. 3, wherein the cavity 1 is provided with eight microwave sources 7 placed alternatively on opposite sides of the cavity, along the length of the cavity, four spare mountings being used as viewing ports covered with perforated sheets. It should be understood that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the cavity of the present invention for example in size, shape or in placement of microwave sources without departing from the overall spirit and scope of the invention as herein described.

Claims: THE CLAIMS : 1. A microwave cavity having at least one microwave energy source emitting microwave energy of wavelength into said cavity, at least two parallel and opposing inner surfaces separated by a distance proportional to the wavelength W, such that in operation, cross-coupling of microwave energy occurs with substantial maximising of the number of resonance modes between said inner surfaces and with substantial minimising of resonant mode energy and reflected energy at said microwave source/s. 2. A microwave cavity as claimed in claim 1, wherein two microwave energy sources emit microwave energy of wavelength W, into said cavity. 3. A microwave cavity as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said microwave energy source/s is continuous. 4. A microwave cavity as claimed in any one of the preceeding claims wherein the dimensions of said inner surfaces are calculated proportional to the wavelength W to maximise the number of modes. 5. A microwave cavity as claimed in claim 4 having more than four inner surfaces. 6. A microwave cavity as claimed in claim 5 having ten inner surfaces defining an irregular decahedron of irregular octahedral cross-section. 7. A microwave cavity as claimed in claim 6 wherein said microwave energy sources are placed at multiples of 1/2 W along said cavity. 8. A microwave cavity substantially as herein defined with reference to the attached drawings.

Inventors: FRY ALLAN R, FRY, ALLAN, R.
Applicants: NEARCTIC RES CENTRE PTY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: H05B6
IPC codes: H05B6