SUBMERSIBLE OPTICAL CONNECTOR

Abstract: An optical connector assembly has a female connector (1) formed in its front surface with a recess (3), and a male connector formed therein with a cavity (7) and in its front surface with a projection (8) which is partly or entirely deformable so that the tip of an optical fiber (10) supported by the projection will be fitted into the innermost portion of the recess without fail. An incoming/outgoing beam surfaces at the innermost part of the recess and at the tip of the projection are formed by the end faces of optical fibers passed through the female and male connectors. A collimator lens (11, 12) may be provided on the end face of each optical fiber (4, 10) which serves to expand the diameter of transmitted beams and deflect the beams in parallel, so that the transmission loss by dust in the water is kept to a minimum level. A device (16, 18) for forming jet streams is provided at the joint surfaces of the male and female connectors which serves to jet water or a detergent stored in a storage means to the end faces of both optical fibers when connecting the connectors and blow away dust, thereby reducing the transmission loss by dust.

Description: The present invention relates to a submersible optical fiber connector assembly adapted to be connected and used in the water. Submersible optical connectors are divided into two types; dry type and wet type. The dry type connector is mateable and dismateable in air, while the wet type connector is mateable and dismateable in water. Since an optical connector does not have to be insulated, it appears to be feasible to connect a dry type connector in the water. But this causes the following problems: An optical connector is usually connected manually by a diver in the water. Therefore, male and female connectors are easily coupled and clamped with screws by the diver, even if the coupling accuracy is set high to minimize the connection loss. But in deepwater area inaccessible to a diver, the connection and disconnection of the connectors have to be made by remote control. It is difficult to expect such a delicate operation in operation with a remote-controlled device as in the manual operation. Thus only a slight misalignment of the male or female connector often makes the connection operation difficult, or too much contact surface pressure on both male and female connectors might break the optical fibers. A connector assembly according to the preamble of claim 1 is disclosed in US-A- 4 616 900. In this assembly water from the ambient is enclosed between the ends of the optical fibers, and it is highly probable that dust or microbes in the water invade on the tips of the connector so that transmitted beams are screened and connection losses are increased. From EP-A-0 034 987 a connector assembly is known in which the end of the fibers are connected directly, wherein one of the fibers is loosely contained in a cavity of one of the connectors. It is the object of the invention to provide a submersible optical fiber connector assembly which can easily be connected and which assure low connection losses. This object is achieved by a submersible optical fiber connector assembly as defined in claim 1; the dependent claims are related to further developments of the invention. With this arrangement, even if the male and female connectors are out of alignment, the flexible tip of the projection of the male connector will be guided along the trumpet-shaped recess of the female connector into its deepest part. The expansion and contraction of the optical fiber in the male connector is absorbed by slackness in the cavity of the male connector. Thus, there is no necessity of high precision alignment of the connectors. The male and female connectors will be reliably connected with minimum transmission loss even if the connection is carried out by remote-controlling a less versatile equipment. Further, the flexibility of the male connector at its tip serves to reduce the contact surface pressure between the beam input/output surfaces at the male and female connectors. This makes it possible to bring the beam input/output surfaces into direct contact with each other to reduce the connection loss without the fear of damage to the surfaces, optical fibers and collimator lenses. The means for forming jet streams, which acts as a kind of pump, jets a stream of liquid formed in the course of connection operation to the beam connecting portion through the discharge hole. Thus, dust and the like deposited on the light input/output surfaces or present between them is blown away. There is little dust left in the connector which might intercept transmitted beams when the connection is complete. The pumping action and the resulting detergent action are repeatable. This repeatability makes it possible to disconnect and reconnect the connectors after they has been connected at any time when the loss of beam transmission is observed owing to the existence of dust or the like in the connector, so that the transmission loss is kept to a minimum. The means for forming jet streams is activated by the insertion of the connector, and requires no pumping system actuated by an external power supply. Thus it is simple in construction and can be manufactured at a low cost. Other features and objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figs. 1 - 3 show examples of connectors and figs. 4 - 7 are sectional views of the first to seventh embodiments of the present invention; and Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the male connector of the eighth embodiment. Fig. 1 shows a submersible optical connector assembly having its beam input/output surfaces formed by an end face of an optical fiber. Numeral 1 generally designates a female connector comprising a body 2 made of a stain-resistant material such as aluminum or stainless steel and formed in its front end with a trumpet-shaped recess 3. The inner diameter of the recess 3 at its deepest portion is substantially equal to the outer diameter of an optical fiber in a male connector (described below) so that the optical fiber will be fitted into the female connector. In the body 2 is provided an optical fiber 4 having its beam input/output surface 4a arranged concentrically with the body and disposed near the deepest portion of the recess 3. Numeral 5 generally designates a male connector to be connected with the female connector. Its body 6 made of the same material as the body of the female connector 1 is formed with a cavity 7. On the front end of the body 6 is formed a projection 8 adapted to be fitted into the recess 3 of the female connector 1. The entire projection 8 may be given flexibility. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, flexible material such as silicone rubber is used only at a tip portion shown by numeral 9. In Fig. 2, the tip portion is formed by a flexible tube 9'. Hereinafter, this portion will be referred to as a flexible portion. The optical fiber 10 provided in the male connector 5 has its beam input/output surface 10a arranged concentrically with the projection 8, and is supported by the flexible portion 9 only at the portion adjacent its tip. From this portion rearwardly toward the cavity 7, the optical fiber 10 is passed loosely through the body 6. It is slack in the cavity 7 so as to absorb the expantion and contraction of the optical fiber caused by the deformation of the flexible portion 9. As shown in Fig. 3, it is preferable to provide the optical fibers 4 and 10 at their tips with a collimator lens 11, 12, respectively, to expand the diameter of transmitted beams and to deflect the beams in parallel. In this case, the diameter of the recess 3 at its innermost portion should be substantialy equal to the diameter of the lens. With the submersible optical connector as described above, the optical fiber or collimator lens on the male connector side can be fitted into the deepest portion of the recess 3 of the female connector with correct alignment, thus allowing optical signals to be transmitted with accuracy. With a connector assembly having collimator lenses, the connection loss of transmitted beams is kept lower compared with the connector shown in Fig. 1 even if microbes or dust floating in the water exist between the input/output surfaces of transmitted beams. Since the core diameter of an optical fiber is generally about 50 microns, it is probable that dust or the like existing between the joint surfaces completely shut off the transmission of beams, if the optical fibers on the male and female sides are directly connected. By interposing the collimator lenses therebetween, however, the diameter of beams is expanded to 1 - 2 mm, thus lowering the ratio of screening of beams by dust and keeping the connection loss at a low level. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the male connector is provided with a water storage section to form jet streams. Numeral 1 designates a female connector comprising a body 2 made of stainless steel or aluminum and formed with a trumpet-shaped recess 3 in its front wall. The body 2 is adapted to hold an optical fiber 4 so as to have its beam incoming/outgoing surface 4a arranged at the innermost part of the recess 3 and to be concentrical with it. Also provided in the body 2 is a drain hole 13 radially extending through the body near the surface 42. A male connector 5 has a body 6 made of the same material as the body of the female connector 1. The body 6 is formed on its front end with the projection 8 adapted to be fitted into the recess 3 of the female connector 1. An optical fiber 10 arranged concentrically with the projection 8 is mounted in the male connector 5 with its beam input/output surface 10a at the tip of the projection. The projection 8 comprises a compressible and waterproof shell 14, a self-restoring spongy absorbent member 9 forced in the shell, and a filter 15 provided in the opening at the tip of the shell, which in combination constitute a water storage section for the formation of jet streams. The water storage section is pressed against the front side of the female connector 1 and the peripheral surface of its recess 3 when connecting the male connector 5 to the female connector 1, so that the water absorbed in the member 9 is discharged through the filter 15 and the discharge port 17, which also serves as an inlet port, toward the end of the optical fiber in the female connector 1. Thus, the jet stream of water washes the surface 4a and its adjacent area. The jet stream rebounded from there then washes the surface 10a and its adjacent area as well. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the female connector body 2 is provided with a cylinder 18 which acts as a water storage section. The male connector 5 is provided with a piston 16 protruding from the front end of its body and having the outer diameter which is substantially equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder 15, so that the piston 16 can be inserted into the cylinder to form a jet stream. The absorbent member 19 may or may not be provided in the cylinder 18 in this embodiment. Although in the embodiments shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the discharge port 17 also serves as an inlet port, an inlet port having a check valve may be formed separately. In the embodiment shown by Fig. 6, the cylinder 18 is provided in its inside with a movable plate 20 adapted to be moved by the piston 16 so as to compress the detergent in the cylinder 18 and a compression coil spring 21 to jet the detergent toward the end faces of the optical fibers. A detergent tank 22 is in communication with the cylinder 18 through a channel, which is provided with a check valve 23 so that the detergent will flow only from the tank 22 to the cylinder 18. Thus, the cylinder 18 is filled with a detergent which is discharged toward the end faces of the optical fibers only when compressed. When the connector is disconnected, the compression spring 21 pushes back the movable plate 20, drawing the detergent into the cylinder 18 from the tank 22. Collimater lenses may be mounted on the end surfaces 4a and 10a of the optical fibers 4, 10. A matching oil such as a silicone oil should preferably be used as a detergent in order to minimize the connection loss in the optical connector. Fig. 7 shows an embodiment which is a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 4. As in the first to third embodiments, the male connector 5 is formed with a cavity 7 through which the optical fiber 10 passes loosely. Also, as in the third embodiment of Fig. 3, collimator lenses are attached to the ends of the optical fibers 4, 10. Fig. 8 shows the embodiment which is a modification of the fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 5, in which at least the tip portion of the projection 8 is made of a flexible material such as silicone rubber, and the optical fiber 10 is loosely passed through the body 6 of the male connector 5 and through the cavity 7 formed in the body 6. The present invention can also be applied to an optical connector which is not provided with the trumpet-shaped recess 3 and the projection 8. In that case, no discharge port will be required.

Claims: A submersible optical fiber connector assembly comprising a female and male connector part (1, 5), the female part (5) having a body (1) with a trumpet-shaped recess (3) in its front side and a through-hole containing a first optical fiber (4) so that the end (4a) of said first fiber (4) is disposed at the innermost portion of said recess (3), and the male part (5) having a cavity (7) therein, in which a second optical fiber (10) is contained, and having on one end an integral projection (8) adapted to fit into the trumpet-shaped recess (3), said projection (8) containing said second fiber (10) extending therethrough so that the fiber is concentrical with said projection, at least the tip of which being flexible, wherein light input/output surfaces of said female and male connectors are defined by end facets of said fibers or by collimator lenses (11, 12) connected to the end facets of said fibers, characterized in that said second optical fiber (10) is loosely contained in said cavity (7) and has its end disposed at the tip of said projection (8), and that said connector assembly further comprises a compressible storage section (9, 19) for liquid and means (16) adapted to compress said storage section when said male and female connectors are connected so as to direct a jet of liquid onto the front facets of said fibers or said lenses through an output port (15, 17) in the compressible storage section and a liquid discharge port. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said liquid storage section comprises a compressible and waterproof shell and a self-restorable absorbent member contained in said shell. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said liquid storage section is provided on the front side of said male connector (5). A connector assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said liquid storage section comprises a cylindrical recess (17) in the front side of the female connector and said compressing means (16) comprise a piston (16) protruding from the front side of the male connector having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of said cylindrical recess (17) and adapted to fit in said cylindrical recess to induce a jet of liquid onto the front facets of the fibers/lenses when male and female connectors are connected. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 4, which is provided with a tank (22) for storing a detergent which is supplied to said cylindrical recess through a flow channel. A submersible optical wet connector assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein said flow channel is provided with a check valve (23). A connector assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein said detergent is a transparent liquid having such a refractive index as to lower the connection loss. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein said cylindrical recess contains a self-restorable absorbent material, a movable plate (20) and/or a compression coil (21) spring. A connector assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said female connector is provided with a drain channel extending from the portion adjacent said light input/output surface. A submersible optical fiber connector assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said discharge port (15) is provided with a filter. A connector assembly as claimed in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 or 10, wherein the liquid contained in said liquid storage section is water.

Inventors: HAGIHARA, TOSHIO OSAKA WORKS OF SUMITOMO, YAMAGUCHI, MASAYOSHI OSAKA WORKS OF SUMITOMO
Applicants: JAPAN NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION, SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G02B6
IPC codes: G02B6