TELESCOPIC TRIPOT UNIVERSAL JOINT

Abstract: A telescopic tripot universal joint comprises an inner drive member (l2) which has spherical trunnions (26), an outer drive member (l4) which has drive channels (20) with parallel planar side walls (22), and intermediate drive assemblies (l6) which are pivotally mounted on the spherical trunnions and are disposed in the drive channels. The drive assemblies comprise intermediate drive blocks (32), bearing rollers (34) which engage the side walls of the drive channels to transmit torque, and cage structure (36) which retains the bearing roller means and is secured to the intermediate drive block for conjoint movement with the intermediate drive block.

Description: This invention relates to telescopic tripot universal joints as specified in the preamble of claim l, for example as disclosed in US-A-3 l25 870. Stroking-type tripot universal joints are employed in automotive vehicle axle driveshafts and especially in front-wheel drive vehicles between the transaxle differential and the driving wheel. A stroking or sliding constant velocity joint should not only transmit the torque at various speeds, angles and telescoping positions, but also prevent any vibrations of the engine from being transmitted through the joint and driveshaft to the driving wheel and the vehicle structure. In addition, when the universal joint operates at an angle, it should not produce any oscillating axial excitation which may be capable of initiating vibrations in the driveshaft or in the structure of the vehicle. The said US-A-3 l25 870 discloses a conventional telescopic-type tripot universal joint of the prior art which has been one of the best stroking-type universal joints available for isolating engine vibrations from the rest of the vehicle. However, these conventional prior-art tripot universal joints, due to their operating frictional characteristics, produce internally generated oscillating axial forces which are related to the transmitted torque and the joint angle. During severe accelerations at low vehicle speeds, these cyclic axial forces can be of sufficient magnitude to produce a "shudder" type of disturbance which has a frequency equal to three times the shaft speed. The conventional tripot joint consists typically of an outer housing member with three equally spaced axial ball bores drivably connected to an inner shaft spider member by means of three trunnion-mounted drive balls which are capable of rotatable and slidable movement on their respective spider trunnions. When the outer and inner drive members are aligned at a zero-degree joint angle and axial stroking is imposed on the joint under a torsional load, pure rolling motion occurs between the balls and their corresponding ball bores. However, when such a joint is operated with the outer and inner drive members angularly inclined to one another, the balls are brought into an inclined relation with their respective ball bores, so that each ball does not roll in the direction of its corresponding bore, and consequently some sliding or skidding, as well as rolling motion, takes place between the two contacting surfaces. As the joint angle increases, the amount of sliding also increases, and the amount of rolling decreases. As the joint rotates, this relative rolling-to-sliding relationship of each ball in its housing ball bore varies in an oscillating manner, and produces a cyclic axial force along the rotational axis of the joint which has a frequency of three times the shaft speed. In addition, as the joint rotates at an angle, relative endwise sliding movement of each ball on its corresponding spider trunnion also varies in a similar oscillating manner due to the three-per-revolution orbiting characteristic of the joint. These effects are additive (that is, additional) to the previously described cyclic axial force produced by the contact relationship between each ball and the respective housing ball bore. The present invention is concerned with providing a telescopic tripot universal joint which substantially reduces or eliminates the overall level of the frictional effects and the resultant internally generated cyclic axial force produced by a conventional telescopic universal joint. To this end a telescopic tripot universal joint in accordance with the present invention is characterised by the features specified in the characterising portion of claim l. A telescopic tripot universal joint in accordance with the present invention thereby makes available the following features: a) three spherical trunnions are spaced at angles of substantially l20 degrees from each other around the rotational axis of the inner drive member; b) the outer drive member or housing has three equally spaced drive channels in which the sides are planar surfaces that are parallel to each other and parallel to the rotational axis of the outer drive member; c) three drive assemblies are pivotally mounted on the three spherical trunnions and disposed in the three drive channels; d) the drive assemblies comprise intermediate drive blocks which carry bearing rollers that engage the planar surfaces of the drive channels to transmit torque via the intermediate drive blocks; and e) the bearing rollers are retained in the intermediate drive blocks by cage means which do not move relative to the intermediate drive block, thereby increasing the stroking capability of the joint. In the drawings: Figure l is a fragmentary longitudinal section, with parts shown in elevation, of a first embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-section substantially on the line 2--2 of Figure l, in the direction of the arrows; Figure 3 is a fragmentary section substantially on the line 3--3 of Figure l, in the direction of the arrows; Figure 4 is a perspective view of an intermediate drive assembly constituting a component of the telescopic tripot universal joint shown in Figures l, 2 and 3; Figure 5 is a bottom view of the component shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint in accordance with the present invention; Figure 7 is a fragmentary section substantially on the line 7--7 of Figure 6, in the direction of the arrows; Figure 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 9 is a fragmentary section substantially on the line 9--9 of Figure 8, in the direction of the arrows. With reference now to the drawings, and more particularly to Figures l to 5, a first embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint l0 in accordance with the present invention comprises an inner drive member l2, an outer drive member l4 and a plurality of intermediate drive assemblies l6. The outer drive member l4 has a longitudinal axis l8 about which it may be rotated, and it also has three radial drive channels 20 which are equally spaced at angles of substantially l20 degrees apart. Each radial drive channel 20 includes two radially extending planar surfaces 22 which are parallel to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis l8. The inner drive member l2 has a longitudinal axis 24 about which it may rotate. The longitudinal axes l8 and 24 coincide when the tripot universal joint l0 is at zero angle as shown in solid lines in Figure l, and intersect at a joint centre O when the tripot universal joint is articulated (bent) at an oblique angle as shown in phantom lines in Figure l. The inner drive member l2 has three radial trunnions 26 equally spaced at angles of substantially l20 degrees apart on coplanar radial axes 27 which intersect the longitudinal axis 24 perpendicularly at a centre A. The centre A of the inner drive member l2 is displaced from the longitudinal axis l8 of the outer drive member l4, and when the tripot universal joint l0 is articulated and rotated at a given speed the centre A orbits around the joint centre O at three times the joint speed. The radial trunnions 26 comprise truncated spherical (ball-like) portions, with the truncation providing spherical bearing surfaces 28 in the longitudinal direction of the inner drive member l2 and flat surfaces 30 which are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 24, as best seen in Figure 3. The flat surfaces 30 are provided for assembly purposes, as explained below. The radial trunnions 26 are disposed in the respective radial drive channels 20 with their spherical bearing surfaces 28 in confronting relation with the planar surfaces 22 of the respective radial drive channels 20, as seen in Figures 2 and 3. The three intermediate drive assemblies l6 are disposed in the respective radial drive channels 20 and pivotally mounted on the respective radial trunnions 26. Each intermediate drive assembly l6 comprises an intermediate drive block 32, a plurality of bearing rollers 34, and roller cage means 36 retaining the bearing rollers 34. The intermediate drive block 32 has a continuous (endless) roller track 40 which circumscribes an imaginary radial centre-line 38 in parallel fashion. The continuous roller track 40 includes two planar surfaces 42 which are disposed parallel to each other and to the radial centre-line 38, and are disposed parallel to and facing the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate drive block 32 is disposed. The intermediate drive block 32 also has a concentric spherical socket 44 which fits on to the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the radial trunnion 26, whereby the intermediate drive block 32 is pivotally mounted on the radial trunnion 26 that is disposed in the same radial drive channel 20 as that in which the intermediate drive block 32 is disposed. Two assembly slots 45 extend from an opening of the spherical socket 44 adjacent the hub of the inner drive member l2 to the equator of the spherical socket, these assembly slots 45 being wide enough to permit entry of the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the trunnions 26 for assembly purposes, as explained below. A full complement of bearing rollers 34 is disposed on the continuous roller track 40 so that a number of bearing rollers 34 are disposed between the planar surfaces 42 of the intermediate drive block 32 and the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate drive block 32 is disposed. The roller cage means 36 is carried by the intermediate drive block 32 and retains the bearing rollers 34 for rotation about axes which are substantially parallel to the radial centre-line 38 of the intermediate drive block 32, and for engagement with the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 to transfer torque via the intermediate drive block 32. In this particular instance the roller cage means 36 comprise upper and lower ledges 46 and 48 of the intermediate drive block 32 which retain the bearing rollers 34 in the centre-line direction of the intermediate drive block 32, and two sheet metal cage pieces 50 and 52 which are attached to the longitudinal ends of the intermediate drive block 32. The sheet metal cage pieces 50 and 52 provide overhanging flanges 54 at the longitudinal ends of the continuous roller track 40, and also provide covers 56 at the corners leading to the two planar surfaces 42. The overhanging flanges 54 and the covers 56 retain the bearing rollers 34 in the direction radially of the centre-line 38 for the portions of the continuous roller track 40 between the two planar surfaces 42. For the two planar surface portions of the continuous roller track 40, the bearing rollers 34 are retained by grease until the tripot universal joint l0 is assembled, whereupon the planar surfaces 22 of the associated radial drive channel 20 retain the bearing rollers 34. The upper and lower ledges 46 and 48 and the sheet metal cage pieces 50 and 52 are fixedly mounted on the intermediate drive block 32 so that the roller cage means 36 is not displaced relative to the intermediate drive block 32 during operation of the tripot universal joint l0. The bearing rollers 34 roll along the continuous roller track 40 in the manner of a recirculating roller bearing as the radial trunnions 26 and the intermediate drive blocks 32 are displaced relative to the radial drive channels 20 during operation of the tripot universal joint l0. A slight clearance is provided between the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 and the intermediate drive assembly l6, so that when the joint is stroked axially with torque applied in one direction of rotation, only the active bearing rollers 34 on the torque side of the drive block 32 are under load while rolling in a given direction. Thus the bearing rollers 34 on the opposite side of the drive block 32 are unloaded, and are free to travel without interference in the opposite linear direction, as they must do since all the bearing rollers 34 in the assembly are part of a recirculating train. When the tripot universal joint l0 operates at an angle, the intermediate drive assemblies l6 assume varying angular pivoting (tilting) positions on the spherical trunnions l6 during one revolution of the joint, as indicated in phantom lines in Figure l. This occurs because of the engagement of the active bearing rollers 34 with the planar surfaces 22 of the drive channels 20. Since the drive assembly l6 permits rolling movement of the bearing rollers 34, the intermediate drive block 32 can pivot on its mating spherical trunnion 26 to an angle of approximately one-half of the joint angle. This maximum pivoting angle can be achieved only during the rotational position at which the two parallel lines of bearing rollers 34 on the active and inactive sides of the intermediate drive block are aligned with the surfaces 22 of the drive channels 20. Since the tripot joint l0 must also orbit during rotation like the conventional type of tripot joint, endwise sliding or skidding movement occurs at the contact surfaces between the bearing rollers 34 and the parallel surfaces 22 of the drive channels 20. However, due to the previously described rolling characteristics of the rolling elements in the roller assemblies, the overall level of the frictional effects and the resultant cyclic axial force is significantly reduced, and consequently the tripot joint l0 substantially reduces or eliminates the "shudder" disturbance level in a front-wheel drive vehicle. In addition, the reduced frictional effects reduce heat generation, and improve wear life of the universal joint. The intermediate drive blocks 32, bearing rollers 34 and sheet metal cage pieces 50 and 52 are manufactured as unit-handled drive assemblies l6 such as the unit-handled drive assembly l6 shown in Figure 4. The typical drive assembly l6 is mounted on its associated radial trunnion 26 by inserting the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the radial trunnion 26 into the socket 44 through the assembly slots 45 and then indexing the the drive assembly through an angle of 90 degrees so that the spherical bearing surfaces 28 are thereby trapped in the unslotted spherical portions of the socket 44, as shown in Figure 2. With reference now to Figures 6 and 7, a second embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint ll0 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated which is substantially identical to the telescopic tripot universal joint l0 of the first embodiment except for the construction of three intermediate drive assemblies ll6. Consequently, like elements of the tripot universal joints l0 and ll0, other than those which form part of the intermediate drive assemblies l6 or ll6, are identified with like reference numerals in the several views. In the embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint ll0 in accordance with the present invention which is shown in Figures 6 and 7, the three drive assemblies ll6 are, as before, disposed in the respective radial drive channels 20 and pivotally mounted on the respective radial trunnions 26. Each drive assembly ll6 correspondingly comprises an intermediate drive block l32, a plurality of bearing rollers l34, and roller cage means l36 retaining the bearing rollers l34. The intermediate drive block l32 has an imaginary radial centre-line l38 and two planar surfaces l42 which are disposed parallel to each other and to the radial centre-line l38 and are disposed parallel to and facing the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate driving block l32 is disposed. The intermediate drive block l32 also has a concentric spherical socket l44 which fits on to the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the radial trunnion 26, whereby the intermediate drive block l32 is pivotally mounted on the radial trunnion 26 disposed in the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate drive block l32 is disposed. Two assembly slots l45 extend from an opening of the spherical socket l44 to the equator of the spherical socket, these assembly slots l45 being wide enough to permit entry of the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the trunnions 26 for assembly purposes, as explained below. In this second embodiment, separate complements of bearing rollers l34 are provided, so that a different set of bearing rollers l34 is disposed between each of the planar surfaces l42 of the intermediate drive block l32 and the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate drive block l32 is disposed. The roller cage means l36 is carried by the intermediate drive block l32, and retains the bearing rollers l34 for rotation about axes which are substantially parallel to the radial centre-line l38 of the intermediate drive block l32 and for engagement with the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 to transfer torque via the intermediate drive block l32. In this embodiment, the roller cage means l36 comprises upper and lower ledges l46 and l48 of the intermediate drive block l32 which retain the bearing rollers l34 in the centre-line direction of the intermediate drive block l32, and a plurality of pintles l50 which are attached to the upper and lower ledges l46 and l48 of the intermediate drive block l32. These pintles l50 are disposed parallel to the imaginary centre-line l38 of the intermediate drive block l32, and serve as inner bearing races which retain the bearing rollers l34 in the direction radially of the centre-line l38. The bearing rollers l34 are rotatably mounted on the pintles l50 by means of roller complements l52; however, a plain bearing arrangement may suffice in some instances. The upper and lower ledges l46 and l48 and the pintles l50 are fixedly mounted on the intermediate drive block l32 so that the roller cage means l36 is not displaced relative to the intermediate drive block l32 during operation of the tripot universal joint ll0. The pintles l50 rotatably mount the bearing rollers l34 so that the bearing rollers l34 are spaced from the planar surfaces l42 of the intermediate drive member ll6 and roll along the planar surfaces 22 of the outer drive member l4 as the radial trunnions 26 and the intermediate drive blocks l32 are displaced relative to the radial drive channels 20 during operation of the tripot universal joint ll0. In the tripot universal joint ll0, a slight clearance between the bearing rollers l34 and the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channels 20 is also beneficial. Such a clearance reduces the frictional effects that occur when the inner drive member l2 orbits during joint rotation, because only the bearing rollers l34 on the torque side of the intermediate drive block l32 slide or skid in an endwise manner. The intermediate drive blocks l32, bearing rollers l34, pintles l50 and bearing complements l52 are also manufactured as unit-handled drive assemblies ll6. The typical drive assembly ll6 is mounted on its associated radial trunnion 26 by inserting the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the radial trunnion 26 into the socket l44 through the assembly slots l45, and then indexing the drive assembly through an angle of 90 degrees so that the spherical bearing surfaces 28 are thereby trapped in the unslotted spherical portions of the socket l44, as shown in Figure 6. With reference now to Figures 8 and 9, a third embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint 2l0 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated which is substantially identical to the telescopic tripot universal joints l0 and ll0 shown in Figures l to 7 except for the construction of three intermediate drive assemblies 2l6. Consequently, like elements of the tripot universal joints l0, ll0 and 2l0, other than those which form part of the intermediate drive assemblies l6, ll6 or 2l6, are identified with like reference numerals in the several views. In the third embodiment of a telescopic tripot universal joint 2l0 in accordance with the present invention which is shown in Figures 8 and 9, the three intermediate drive assemblies 2l6 are disposed in the respective radial drive channels 20 and pivotally mounted on the spherical trunnions 26, and each drive assembly 2l6 comprises an intermediate drive block 232, a plurality of bearing rollers 234, and roller cage means 236, as previously. The intermediate drive block 232 has an imaginary radial centre-line 238 and a continuous (endless) roller track 240 which circumscribes the radial centre-line and includes two planar surfaces 242 that are parallel to each other and to the radial centre-line 238 and are disposed parallel to and facing the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate driving block 232 is disposed. The intermediate drive block 232 also has a concentric spherical socket 244 which fits on to the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the radial trunnion 26, whereby the intermediate drive block 232 is pivotally mounted on the radial trunnion 26 disposed in the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate drive block 232 is disposed. Two assembly slots 245 extend from an opening of the spherical socket 244 to the equator of the spherical socket, these assembly slots 245 being wide enough to permit entry of the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the trunnions 26 for assembly purposes, as explained below. A full complements of bearing rollers 234 is provided for the roller track 240, so that a number of bearing rollers 234 are disposed between each of the planar surfaces 242 of the intermediate drive block 232 and the respective planar surface 22 of the radial drive channel 20 in which the intermediate drive block 232 is disposed. The roller cage means 236 is carried by the intermediate drive block 232, and retains the bearing rollers 234 for rotation about axes which are substantially parallel to the radial centre-line 238 of the intermediate drive block 232, and for engagement with the planar surfaces 22 of the radial drive channel 20 to transfer torque via the intermediate drive block 232. In this embodiment the roller cage means 236 comprises upper and lower ledges 246 and 248 of the intermediate drive block 232 which retain the bearing rollers 234 in the centre-line direction of the intermediate drive block 232, and also upper and lower flanged sheet metal cage pieces 250 and 252. The cage pieces 250 and 252 are attached to the top and bottom of the intermediate drive block 232 so that their respective flanges 254 and 256 provide upper and lower flanges which extend around the entire periphery of the intermediate drive block 232 in an overhanging relationship with the upper and lower ledges 246 and 248 respectively. The bearing rollers 234 have integral end pintles 258 which are disposed inwardly of the flanges 254 and 256 that overhang the upper and lower ledges 246 and 248 of the intermediate drive block 232, and thus the cage pieces 250 and 252 retain the bearing rollers 234 in the direction radially of the centre-line 238 for their entire travel around the continuous roller track 240. The upper and lower ledges 246 and 248 and the cage pieces 250 and 252 are fixedly mounted on the intermediate drive block 232 so that the roller cage means 236 is not displaced relative to the intermediate drive block 232 during operation of the tripot universal joint 2l0. The bearing rollers 234 roll along the continuous roller track 240 in the manner of a recirculating roller bearing as the radial trunnions 26 and the intermediate drive blocks 232 are displaced relative to the radial drive channels 20 during operation of the telescopic tripot universal joint 2l0. As previously, a slight clearance is provided so that only the active bearing rollers 234 are under load, and the complement of bearing rollers 234 can circulate with a minimum of resistance. The intermediate drive blocks 232, bearing rollers 234 and cage pieces 250 and 252 are likewise manufactured as unit-handled drive assemblies 2l6. The typical drive assembly 2l6 is mounted on its associated radial trunnion 26 by inserting the spherical bearing surfaces 28 of the radial trunnion 26 into the socket 244 through the assembly slots 245, and then indexing the the drive assembly through an angle of 90 degrees so that the spherical bearing surfaces 28 are thereby trapped in the unslotted spherical portions of the socket 244, as shown in Figure 8.

Claims: 1. A telescopic tripot universal joint in which a first drive member (l4) has a first longitudinal axis (l8) and three radial drive channels (20) equally spaced apart at angles of substantially l20 degrees from each other, a second drive member (l2) has a second longitudinal axis (24) and three radial trunnions (26) equally spaced apart at angles of substantially l20 degrees from each other, and the radial trunnions (26) of the second drive member (l2) have spherical bearing surfaces (28) and are disposed in the respective radial drive channels (20), characterised in that each radial drive channel (20) includes two radially extending planar surfaces (22) which are parallel to each other and parallel to the first longitudinal axis (l8) of the first drive member (l4), the spherical bearing surfaces (28) of the radial trunnions (26) of the second drive member (l2) are disposed in confronting relation with the planar surfaces (22) of the respective radial drive channels (20), and three drive assemblies (l6) are pivotally mounted in fixed radial positions on the spherical bearing surfaces (28) of the respective radial trunnions (26) and have rollers (34) which engage the planar surfaces (22) in the respective radial drive channels (20) so that the drive assemblies (l6) are free to tilt and move radially in the radial drive channels (20), each drive assembly (l6) including an intermediate drive block (32) having an imaginary radial centre-line, and also including surfaces (42) which are spaced from each other and from the radial centre-line and are disposed facing the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (32) is disposed, together with a spherical socket (44) which fits on to the spherical bearing surface (28) of the radial trunnion (26), whereby the intermediate drive block (32) is pivotally mounted on the radial trunnion (26) disposed in the radial drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (32) is disposed, the rollers (34) associated with each drive assembly (l6) including rollers (34) disposed between the surfaces (42) of the intermediate drive block (32) and the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (32) is disposed, and roller cage means (36) being carried by the intermediate drive block (32) for retaining the rollers (34) associated with the said drive assembly (l6) for rotation about axes which are substantially parallel to the radial centre-line of the intermediate drive block (32) and for engagement with the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) to transfer torque by way of the intermediate drive block (32), the roller cage means (36) being fixedly mounted on the intermediate drive block (32) so that the roller cage means (36) is not displaced relative to the intermediate drive block (32) during operation of the tripot universal joint. 2. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l, characterised in that each intermediate drive block (32) has a continuous roller track (40) which circumscribes the radial centre-line of the intermediate drive block (32) and includes planar surfaces (42) that are parallel to each other and to the radial centre-line and are disposed parallel to and facing the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (32) is disposed. 3. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 2, characterised in that each intermediate drive block (32) has a full complement of bearing rollers (34) disposed on its continuous roller track (40). 4. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the roller cage means (36) comprises upper and lower ledges (46,48) of the intermediate drive block (32) which retain the bearing rollers (34) in the centre-line direction of the intermediate drive block (32), and cage pieces (50,52) which are attached to the intermediate drive block (32) to retain the bearing rollers (34) in the direction radially of the centre-line for at least the portions of the continuous roller track (40) between the two planar surfaces (42). 5. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 4, characterised in that the cage pieces (50,52) are attached to the respective longitudinal ends of the intermediate drive block (32) and include flanges (54) which overhang the upper and lower ledges (46,48) at the longitudinal ends of the continuous roller track (40) and also include covers (56) at the corners leading to the two planar surfaces (42) of the continuous roller track (40), and that the bearing rollers (34) at the two planar surfaces (42) are retained by grease until the tripot universal joint (l0) is assembled. 6. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 4, characterised in that the cage pieces (250,252) are attached to the top and bottom of the intermediate drive block (232) to provide upper and lower flanges (254,256) which extend around the entire periphery of the intermediate drive block (232) and overhang the upper and lower ledges (246,248) respectively of the intermediate drive block (232), and the bearing rollers (234) have end pintles (258) which are disposed inwardly of the flanges (254,256) that overhang the upper and lower ledges (246,248), whereby the bearing rollers (234) are retained in the direction radially of the centre-line for their entire travel around the continuous roller track (240). 7. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l, characterised in that the roller cage means (l36) comprises upper and lower ledges (l46,l48) of the intermediate drive block (l32) which retain the bearing rollers (l34) in the centre-line direction of the intermediate drive block (l32), and members (l50) which are attached to the intermediate drive block (l32) to retain the bearing rollers (l34) in the direction radially of the centre-line. 8. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 7, characterised in that the members for retaining the bearing rollers (l34) comprise pintles (l50) which are attached to the upper and lower ledges (l46,l48) of the intermediate drive block (l32) and rotatably mount the bearing rollers (l34) for engagement with the planar surfaces (22) of the drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (l32) is disposed. 9. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 7, characterised in that the members for retaining the bearing rollers (34) comprise cage pieces (50,52) which are attached to the respective longitudinal ends of the intermediate drive block (32) and include means at the corners and longitudinal ends of the intermediate drive block (32) to retain the bearing rollers (34) in the direction radially of the centre-line. l0. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim 7, characterised in that the members for retaining the bearing rollers (234) comprise cage pieces (250,252) which are attached to the top and bottom respectively of the intermediate drive block (232) and include means (254,256) extending around the periphery of the intermediate drive block (232) in an overhanging relationship with the upper and lower ledges (246,248) respectively to retain the bearing rollers (234) in the direction radially of the centre-line. 11. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l, characterised in that the intermediate drive block (32) of each drive assembly (l6) also includes a continuous roller track (40) which circumscribes the radial centre-line of the respective intermediate drive block (32), the rollers (34) associated with each drive assembly (l6) are disposed on the continuous roller track (40) so that a number of the said rollers (34) are disposed between the surfaces (42) of the intermediate drive block (32) and the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (32) is disposed, the roller cage means (36) carried by the intermediate drive block (32) retains the rollers (34) that are associated with the said drive assembly (l6) for rotation about the said axes which are substantially parallel to the radial centre-line of the intermediate drive block (32) and for engagement with the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) to transfer torque via the intermediate drive block (32), and the fixed mounting of the roller cage means (36) on the intermediate drive block (32) is such that the rollers (34) roll along the continuous roller track (40) in the manner of a recirculating roller bearing as the intermediate drive block (32) is displaced relative to the radial drive channel (20) during operation of the telescopic tripot universal joint. 12. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim ll, characterised in that the continuous roller track (40) of each intermediate drive block (32) includes planar surfaces (42) which are parallel to each other and to the radial centre-line and are disposed parallel to and facing the planar surfaces (22) of the radial drive channel (20) in which the intermediate drive block (32) is disposed. 13. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l2, characterised in that each intermediate drive block has a full complement of bearing rollers (34) disposed on its continuous roller track (40). 14. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l3, characterised in that the bearing rollers (34) at the two planar surfaces (42) of the continuous roller track (40) are retained by grease until the tripot universal joint (l0) is assembled. 15. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l3, characterised in that the roller cage means (36) comprises upper and lower ledges (46,48) of the intermediate drive block (32) which retain the bearing rollers (34) in the centre-line direction of the intermediate drive block (32), and cage pieces (50,52) which are attached to the intermediate drive block (32) to retain the bearing rollers (34) in the direction radially of the centre-line for at least the portions of the continuous roller track (40) between the two planar surfaces (42) thereof. 16. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l5, characterised in that the cage pieces (50,52) are attached to the respective longitudinal ends of the intermediate drive block (32), and include flanges (54) which overhang the upper and lower ledges (46,48) at the longitudinal ends of the continuous roller track (40) and covers (56) at the corners leading to the two planar surfaces (42) of the continous roller track (40). 17. A telescopic tripot universal joint according to claim l5, characterised in that the cage pieces (250,252) include flanges (254,256) which overhang the upper and lower ledges (246,248) of the intermediate drive block (232), and the bearing rollers (234) have end pintles (258) which are disposed inwardly of the flanges (254,256) that overhang the upper and lower ledges (246,248) of the intermediate drive block (232), whereby the bearing rollers (234) are retained in the direction radially of the centre-line of the intermediate drive block (232).

Inventors: FARRELL, ROBERT CLIFFORD, SCHULTZ, RAYMOND JOSEPH
Applicants: GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION
Application year: 1987
Main classification: F16D3
IPC codes: F16D3, F16C29