A METHOD OF CHECKING THE LOADING AND UNLOADING OF TANKERS BY MEANS OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM, AND AN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR USE IN SAID METHOD

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, checking the loading and unloading of a tanker having at least one tank provided with a metal connecting pipe adapted to be coupled via a coupling to one end of a hose having a coupling at two ends, which hose can be coupled to a metal connecting pipe of a storage tank. The hose used is provided with an electric conductor (30) extending between the couplings for the dissipation of electrostatic charges and the chassis of the tanker is grounded. A first inductive coupling is effected between one of the connecting pipes and an interrogator (41) of an electromagnetic identification system, and a second inductive coupling is effected between the other connecting pipe and a passive responder (42) generating a coded signal in an interrogation field. Thus an interrogation field formed by the interrogator cooperates via the first inductive coupling, the one connecting pipe, the electric conductor of the hose, the other connecting piepe, and the second inducting coupling with the responder. The code of the responder is checked prior to loading or unloading.

Description: This invention relates to a method of checking the loading and unloading of a tanker having at least one tank provided with a metal connecting pipe adapted to be coupled via a coupling to one end of a hose having a coupling at two ends, which hose can be coupled to a metal connecting pipe of a storage tank. In loading and unloading tankers, and in particular those having several compartments, which may or may not be filled or discharged through one and the same stub, it is of importance that, prior to loading or unloading, it is clearly established with which storage tank the tanker is connected via the hose. Furthermore, it is of importance that the correct compartment of the tanker is connected to a given storage tank. As the filling of a tank or tank compartment of a tanker or a storage tank with a material not intended for that tank or that compartment may have very detrimental results, there is a need for a possibility of automatically checking whether the hose is connected to the correct storage tank and, possibly, to the correct compartment of the tanker during the loading and unloading of tankers. The data that should be automatically collected concerns the question which compartment of the tanker is filled with which substance. Substance means in this connection fuels, such as petrol, dieseloil, etc., but also other liquids, or even powdered materials, which can be loaded and unloaded through a hose. The question which compartment is being filled or discharged, is answered by the position of the valves, which connect the stub to the compartments. This position of the valves can be read electromagnetically, and subsequently supplied to the processor section of an electronic reader unit. The question with which material the compartment concerned is being filled is determined by the answer to the question to which storage tank the stub is connected through the hose. The stubs of the storage tanks are arranged next to each other, so that a choice must be made between a plurality of stubs for connecting the hose. It is an object of the present invention to satisfy the need outlined above. For this purpose there is provided a method of the kind described, which is characterized by using a hose provided with an electric conductor extending between the couplings for the dissipation of electrostatic charges; grounding the chassis of the tanker; effecting a first inductive coupling between one of the connecting pipes and an interrogator of an electromagnetic identification system, and effecting a second inductive coupling between the other connecting pipe and a passive responder generating a code signal in an interrogation field, so that an interrogation field formed by the interrogator cooperates via said first inductive coupling, said one connecting pipe, said electric conductor of the hose, said other connecting pipe, and said second inductive coupling with said responder; and checking the code of the responder prior to loading or unloading. The invention also provides an identification system for the application of the method, which system is characterized by a first connecting pipe connected to at least one first tank, and at least one second connecting pipe connected to at least one other tank, which connecting pipes can be connected together by means of couplings and a hose provided with an electric conductor; and by an interrogator inductively coupled to said first connecting pipe and a passive responder inductively coupled with each second connecting pipe, said responder generating a code signal identifying the connecting pipe in question under the influence of an interrogation field generated by the interrogator, which signal can be detected by the interrogator. The invention is illustrated in and by the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In said drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates a situation in which the present invention can be applied; Fig. 2 shows an example of an inductive coupling between a connecting pipe and a part of an identification system; Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view, taken on the line III-III of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the electrical circuit of one embodiment of a system according to the present invention; and Fig. 5 shows a variant of Fig. 4. Fig. 1 shows a tank lorry 1 having compartments 2-6, which by means of pipes, shown in dot-dash lines are connected to a valve system 22 having a connecting pipe for stub 23 which is provided with a coupling 21 for a hose 20. There are further shown a plurality of drain connections 11-14 of supply tanks not shown. Naturally, the drain connections can also be used as filling connec­ tions, depending on whether the tanker is used to fill the storage tank(s), or to be filled from the storage tank(s). Furthermore, the tanker may have a single compartment, i.e., a tank not sub-divided in two compartments. The following description will be given on the basis of a tanker having a plurality of compartments, and further being provided with the interrogator of an electromagnetic identification system, which further comprises a plurality of responders, sometimes referred to as electronic labels, which in response to an electromagnetic interrogation field of a suitable frequency generate a coded signal which can be recognized by the interrogator or by a separate detector. The responders are preferably of the passive type, i.e., that they withdraw the energy required for their operation fully from the interrogation field. A suitable responder is described, for example, in US patent specification 4,196,418. In order that, from the tanker, the drain connec­ tions may be identified, so that it can be checked with which storage tank the hose 20 is connected, each drain connection should be provided with an electronic label (responder) and this in such a manner that the label is read which is provided at the drain connection with which the hose is connected. The coupling between the interrogator and the electronic label should therefore be brought about via the hose. One obvious solution is a twin-wire connection, which is fastened along the hose and connected to a coil at opposite ends. These coils are positioned in the vicinity of the couplings at the ends of the hose, so that these coils couple magnetically with a coil connected to the interrogator placed adjacent to the filling connection on the tanker, and with a coil of the electronic label place adjacent to the drain connection selected. In this manner of coupling, the hose must be provided with the twin-wire line and with the coils, which in practice is undesirable, because it requires adapting all hoses. In addition, the hoses would become quite vulnerable and apt to become mechanically damaged from rough handling. The present invention utilizes with advantage electrical connections already present. In the first place, the hose has an electric conductor intended to dissipate electrostatic charges, so that the coupling for the filling connection is electrically connected to the coupling for the drain connection. Secondly, there is an electrical connection between the chassis of the tanker and a ground connection of the filling installation, designed to dissipate electrostatic charges on the tanker. As the drain connections are also grounded, this connection forms a second conductor between the tanker and the drain connection selected. Together with the electric conductor of the hose, the grounding thus forms a closed loop. This closed loop can be used for the purposes of the present invention for the coupling between the interrogator and the label. The tanker is grounded via ground wire 30 and ground connector 31. For the coupling of the interrogator 41 and the electronic label 42 (see Figs. 3 and 4) with the closed loop, two solutions are possible. The first solution consists in a toroidal coil placed around the connecting pipe 23 of the filling connection, or the connecting pipes 15-18 of the drain connections of the filling installation. Such a toroidal coil is shown in Fig. 2 at 40, and a cross-sectional view of the coil is shown in Fig. 3. Coil 40 is placed around pipe 23. Pipes 15, 16, 17 and 18 are similarly provided with a toroidal coil, unless the inductive coupling mode of Fig. 5 is used. The toroidal coil connected to the interrogator is in fact a winding of a current transformer, which induces a voltage in the pipe enclosed by the coil. this induction voltage results in a current in loop 23, 20, 30. This current also flows through the pipe of one of the drain connections connected to the hose. Around this pipe there is also provided a toroidal coil 43 (Fig. 4) forming part of a responder 42. In coil 43, a voltage is induced by the current in the loop. In this manner the interrogation field generated by the interrogator can reach the responders via the electrical circuit already present, as described above, even if the responders are relatively remote from the interrogator. In the reverse direction, the information signal is transmitted from the label to the interrogator. In this solution, nothing needs to be changed about the pipes of the filling and drain connection. It is only necessary to mount the toroid, constructively built up from two half rings, around the pipes. In this first solution, a problem may occur, if the closed loop is so extensive that the coupling becomes too weak to let the identification system function properly. In that case, a stronger coupling is required between the interrogator and the label and the closed loop, respectively. In the second solution, the pipe is electrically interrupted adjacent to the filling or drain connection by means of an insulating packing 50, see Fig. 4. This electrical interruption is bridged by a winding 46, 46', consisting of some turns of thick wire. For DC current and low-frequency currents, this winding still forms a through-connection, so that the safety requirements regarding the dissipation of electrostatic charges are still complied with. The winding is wound, for example, on a ring core, with a second winding 47, 47′, consisting of many more turns than the first winding, being tuned by means of a capacitor to the operating frequency of the identification system, for example 120 kHz. In the electronic label 42, the second winding 47' forms part of the tuned circuit in the label, and on the side of the interrogator, the second winding is connected to the transmission/receiving terminal of the interrogator. It will be clear to any one skilled in the art that it is also possible to use a combination of the two methods of coupling, i.e., one method employing the toroidal coil direct on the pipe, and the other with the electrically interrupted pipe and the separate transformer, by using one method on the tanker, and the other for the electronic labels at the drain connections. The above description is based on identification of the drain connection during loading of the tanker. During the unloading of the tanker, an identical identi­ fication problem occurs, in the sense that it must be automatically verified that the correct material contained in a certain compartment of the tanker is discharged into the correct storage tank. For this purpose it must again be detected to which tank connection the hose is connected from the tanker. The tank connection is then also provided with an electronic label in a manner as described hereinbefore for the loading process. As the system is fully symmetrical, it is possible, if desirable in certain situations, for the interrogator and the labels to be interchanged in position and/or for a plurality of interrogators to be used.

Claims: 1. A method of checking the loading and unloading of a tanker having at least one tank provided with a metal connecting pipe adapted to be coupled via a coupling to one end of a house having a coupling at two ends, which hose can be coupled to a metal connecting pipe of a storage tank, characterized by using a hose provided with an electric conductor extending between the couplings for the dissipation of electrostatic charges; grounding the chassis of the tanker; effecting a first inductive coupling between one of the connecting pipes and an interrogator of an electromagnetic indentification system, and effecting a second inductive coupling between the other connecting pipe and a passive responder generating a coded signal in an interrogation field, so that an interrogation field formed by the interrogator cooperates via said first inductive coupling, said one connecting pipe, said electric conductor of the hose, said other connecting pipe, and said second inductive coupling with said responder; and checking the code of the responder prior to loading or unloading. 2. An identification system for the application of the method as claimed in claim 1, characterized by a first connecting pipe connected to at least one first tank, and at least one second connecting pipe connected to at least one other tank, which connecting pipes can be connected together by means of couplings and a hose provided with an electric conductor; and by an interrogator inductively coupled to said first connecting pipe and a passive responder inductively coupled with each second connecting pipe, said responder generating a coded signal identifying the connecting pipe in question under the influence of an interrogation field generated by the interrogator, which signal can be detected by the interro­ gator. 3. An identification system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the inductive couplings is formed by means of a toroidal coil placed around a connecting pipe. 4. An identification system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the inductive couplings is formed by means of an electrical interruption in a connecting pipe, which interruption is bridged by a small number of windings with a low impedance for low-frequency currents and D.C. current, which windings are inductively coupled with an antenna coil of an interro­ gator or responder.

Inventors: FOCKENS, TALLIENCO WIEAND HARM
Applicants: N.V. NEDERLANDSCHE APPARATENFABRIEK NEDAP
Application year: 1987
Main classification: B67D5
IPC codes: F17C13, F16L35, G01V3, B65G53, B67D7