FORMING A SPHERICAL BODY

Abstract: A spherical body comprising a dough crust and a filling is formed by cutting a cylindrical body consisting of a dough crust (l7) and filling (l9). The cylindrical body is cut by a cutter member comprising an assembly of sliding members l which slide against each other to close an opening l4 through which the cylindrical body passes. By means of this arrangement the area of the cutting member in contact with the cylindrical body is gradually reduced as the opening is closed.

Description: This invention generally relates to forming a spherical body consisting of dough crust and a filling, and more particularly, to forming a spherical body by constricting a continuously fed cylindrical body consisting of dough crust and a filling, without exposing or spilling the filling. Japanese Utility Model Early-Publication 85178/85 discloses a cutter comprising a plurality of squeezing pieces in a guide, means to slide the squeezing pieces, whereby bar foodstuffs are cut. The object of the utility model is a cutter wherein the bar foodstuffs, consisting of a single component, are cut by the squeezing pieces. Each of the squeezing pieces preferably has at its inner end a sharp edge to smoothly cut the foodstuffs with a knife-like cutting action. EP-A-127715 discloses a device for forming balls of plastic material in which a filler is encased in a covering material, the balls being formed from a cylindrical body having an outer sleeve of covering material and an inner core of filler. The cylindrical body is cut by a plurality of spiral arcuate blades. U.S. Patent No. 4,251,201 discloses an extrusion apparatus wherein an iris valve closes and opens its polygonal shaped aperture to cut an extruded article consisting of a filing and a coating material. The iris valve is composed of a plurality of circumferentially disposed leaf members, which open and close the aperture by force in the radial direction. The plural leaf members overlap each other to make the aperture, so that the thickness of each leaf member is necessarily limited, and the aperture cannot be completely closed. Further, as the aperture is necessarily defined by the sharp edges found by the inner ends of the thin leaf members, an article is liable to be penetrated by the leaf members as it is cut by a sharp blade. Also, an article to be cut tends to clog between the leaf members. Furthermore, the narrowing of the aperture constricts the article by applying force toward the centre of the article, while increasing the contact area of the leaf members with the article, so that in many cases the edges of the aperture are forced into the filling in the extruded article, whereby the filling is readily exposed. Therefore, when a sperical body consisting of the crust and the filling is to be prepared by cutting a continuously fed material an apparatus and method has been required in which an opening completely closes, no filling or crust is liable to adhere to the cutter or between members constituting the cutter, and the filling is satisfactorily encrusted by the crust. Viewed from one broad aspect the present invention provides apparatus for forming a spherical body comprising dough crust and a filling, comprising means for supplying a cylindrical body comprising dough crust and a filling, an assembly comprising a plurality of circumferentially disposed members combined to form an opening at the centre thereof through which said cylindrical body can pass, which assembly is disposed downstream of the cylindrical body supply means, means for closing and opening the opening of the assembly to form a spherical body from said cylindrical body, and means disposed downstream of the assembly for receiving said formed spherical body, said assembly comprising at least three members, each of said members has at least two sliding surfaces, and the members being so combined that a sliding surface of one member is slidable on a sliding surface of another member, characterised in that the opening is defined by walls extending in the direction of feed of the dough crust and the filling, said walls comprising the inwardly exposed parts of the sliding surfaces of the members and being opened and closed by sliding the members against each other and in that the walls are such that during closing of the opening the cylindrical body is constricted along a portion of its length to force the filling to move in the axial direction of the cylindrical body without breaking the dough crust, the dough crust then being brought to the centre of the opening and cut by substantially complete closure of said opening. Viewed from another broad aspect the present invention provides a method of forming a spherical body consisting of dough crust and a filling, comprising continuously feeding a cylindrical body consisting of dough crust and a filling, applying a circumferential constricting force to the cylindrical body perpendicular to the axis thereof, and applying force to the cylindrical body in at least three directions thereof and along the loci of the sliding movements of at least three members forming an opening and aligned around the cylindrical body and made to slide on each other so as to contact the cylindrical body, characterised by closing the opening and constricting the cylindrical body along a portion of its length to force the filling to move in the axial direction of the cylindrical body without breaking the dough crust, then bringing the dough crust to the centre of the opening and cutting the cylindrical body by substantially complete closure of said opening. Thus, at least in preferred forms, force is applied to the cylindrical body from at least three directions by at least three slidable members which form a cutter with an inner opening through which a cylindrical body is adapted to pass. The sliding surface of one member slides on the sliding surface of another member to contact the surface of the cylindrical body passing through the opening, thereby gradually constricting the cylindrical body to cut it. Since the force is applied to the cylindrical body, along the loci of the sliding movements of the members, which loci are biased in a tangential direction relative to the circumference of the cylindrical body, the cylindrical body does not receive a centripetally acting force, and the dough crust tends to be brought to a portion at which the dough crust is to be cut, by means of the frictional force between the sliding surfaces and the surface of the dough crust. Also, since the contact area of the sliding surfaces with the cylindrical body gradually decreases while the body is constricted, while applying a tangential force to the body, the body does not experience a force which causes the cutter to penetrate the body. The filling is readily separated in the axial direction of the cylindrical body while the dough crust does not lose its continuity and is brought to the portion at which the cylindrical body is cut. This is due to the difference between the rheological properties of the dough crust and the filling. Therefore, when the opening is completely closed, the cylindrical body is cut without exposing the filling. Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a member forming part of an assembly of a first embodiment of the invention, Figs. 2(A), 3(A), and 4(A) are plan views of an assembly of the first embodiment, which is composed of a housing and a plurality of the members one of which is shown in Fig. 1 and their positional relationships before, during and after a cycle of their sliding movements, Figs. 2(B), 3(B), and 4(B) are cross-sectional views, each corresponding to Figs. 2(A), 3(A), and 4(A) respectively, illustrating the process of constricting a cylindrical body by the surfaces of the members of the first embodiment, Fig. 5 illustrates a stage in the process of cutting a cylindrical body by conventional wedge-formed blades of the prior art, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a member forming part of an assembly of a second embodiment, Figs. 7(A), 8(A), and 9(A) are plan views of an assembly of the second embodiment, which is composed of a plurality of members, one of which is shown in Fig. 6, and their positional relationships before, during and after a cycle of their sliding movements, Figs. 7(B), 8(B), and 9(B) are cross-sectional views, corresponding to Figs. 7(A), 8(A), and 9(A), respectively, illustrating the process of constricting a cylindrical body by the surfaces of the members of the second embodiment of the invention, Fig. 10 illustrates an example of the swollen end of a cylindrical body at the end of the cutting operation when an assembly remains vertically stationary during the operation, Fig. 11 illustrates an example of the shaped end of a cylindrical body when an assembly cuts it while descending at the same speed as the speed v of the feeding of the cylindrical body, and a shaped body underneath the cutting members, having a trailing end, Fig. 12 illustrates the shape of the cylindrical body and the shaped spherical body when the belt of a lifted conveyor has received the spherical body, Fig. 13 is a schematic plan view of the apparatus of an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 14 is a schematic elevational view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 13, Fig. 15 is a schematic side elevational view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 13, Figs. 16(A) and 16(B) illustrate the movements of an assembly composed of four members, each a rectangular parallelopiped having a slope, and Figs. 17(A) and 17(B) illustrate the movements of an assembly composed of three members, each a parallelopiped having a curved slope. In Fig. 1, a member 1 of the cutter assembly is shown. The member is hexahedron with two opposing trapezoidal surfaces, which form the top and bottom surfaces with a height of a . It has a first and second adjoining inner sliding surfaces 3 and 5, an outer sliding surface 9 all of these sliding surfaces being vertical, i.e. normal to the top and bottom surfaces. The two inner sliding surfaces 3 and 5 abut each other at an edge 7. When a plurality of members 1 are assembled together to form an assembly 12 in a housing case 11, as shown in Fig. 2(A), where the outer sliding surface, and another surface other than the inner sliding surfaces, are in contact with the inner wall of the housing, an opening 14, is formed surrounded by part of the inner sliding wall 3 of each member. The members 1 are slidingly moved in the direction indicated by arrows s, by moving a pin 25 (Fig. 13) fixedly mounted on one of the members 1. When the pin 25 moves a member 1, the outer sliding surface 9 of the member slides on the inner wall of the case 11, forcing the sliding surfaces 9 of the other members to move along the inner wall of the case 11. The inwardly exposed parts of the sliding surfaces 3 establish walls 13 which define the opening 14. The opening 14 has a cross-sectional area which, when the opening 14 is fully opened, is sufficiently wide to pass the cylindrical body 15, which consists of dough crust 17 and a filling 19. As will be understood by reviewing Figs. 2(A), 2(B), 3(A), 3(B), 4(A), and 4(B), when the outer sliding surface 9 of each member 1 slides, the pushing member causes the second inner sliding surface 5 of the preceding member to slide on the first inner sliding surface 3, thereby causing the edge 7 to move in the inward direction. These sliding movements result in reducing the area of the opening 14. When the cylindrical body 15 extends through the opening 14, as shown in Figs. 2(A) and 2(B), and the members 1 are caused to move in the direction s, a constricting force is applied to the cylindrical body by inwardly exposed parts of the sliding surfaces 3 in a circumferentially biased direction. When the members 1 are moved to the position shown in Fig. 3(A), the opening 14 is closed to the extent as shown therein and in Fig. 3(B), causing the cylindrical body 15 to be constricted accordingly. The cross-sectional conditions of the cylindrical body 15 are shown in Figs. 2(B) and 3(B). When the members 1 slide, they come into contact with the outer surface of the cylindrical body 15 at the walls 13, i.e. the inwardly exposed part of the sliding surfaces 3, and the greater the distance of the sliding motion of each member, the more constricted the area of the outer surface of the cylindrical body 15 in contact with the walls 13. Thus, as the area of the opening decreases, the area of the walls 13 in contact with the cylindrical body 15 decreases. Due to the difference in the rheological properties of the dough crust 17 and the filling 19, the filling 19 is readily forced to move in the axial direction of the cylindrical body as indicated by arrows m . In a conventional device, as shown in Fig. 5, where wedge-formed blades are used, the blades move in the radially inward direction. In such a device, the blades intrude into the filling 19 as indicated by arrows s', while increasing the contact area of the blades with the cylindrical body. During the sliding movements of the members, the cylindrical body receives force along the loci of the movements of the sliding surfaces 3 in a circumferentially biased direction, so that the dough crust is brought to the centre of the opening 14 and is eventualy cut by the closure of the opening 14. During the process, the friction between the dough crust and the sliding surfaces induces the dough to flow in the direction s. Before the opening 14 is completely closed, the opening is filled only with the dough crust, the filling having been displaced to either side of the opening. The cylindrical crust is finally cut as shown in Figs. 4(A) and 4(B) and a shaped body 21 is produced. To more efficiently constrict the cylindrical body, the contact area of the sliding surfaces with the cylindrical body, when closing the opening, can be further reduced, as shown in Fig. 6, by providing a member 2 with slopes 8 at its inner end. Whilst the embodiment of Figure 6 shows two slopes, it will be appreciated that a single slope may also be provided. One of the slopes 8 is formed by cutting the corner formed by the two adjoining inner sliding surfaces 4 and 6 and the top surface of the member. The other slope can be formed in the similar manner at the corner formed by the same two sliding surfaces and the bottom surface of the member. As will be understood from Fig. 6, illustrating a perspective view of the member 2, it has a sliding surface 4 with a height a , a sliding surface 6, the slopes 8, and an edge 10. These slopes 8 have a negative gradient toward the inner end of the member 2. In Fig. 7(A), an assembly 16 is made by combining six members 2 to provide an opening 22, which is adapted to pass the cylindrical body 15. Although the walls 18 made by the exposed part of the sliding surfaces 4 have a height a at a position where no slope is provided when the opening is fully opened as shown in Fig. 7(B), along with the progress of the sliding movement of the members 2 in the direction S, the height of the walls are reduced. Since the slopes are vertically formed, the cylindrical body is surrounded by serrated walls. A cross-section of the cylindrical body and the members is shown in Fig. 8(B), wherein the height of the walls is shown as a '. The surface area of the cylindrical body 15 contacting the walls 18 decreases so that the constriction of the cylindrical body 15 by the walls 18 is smoothly made. When the opening 22 is closed, the edges 10 converge as shown in Figs. 9(A) and 9(B), and the cylindrical body 15 is cut to shape the spherical body 21. At this time, the height of the walls 18 is reduced to a ''. If the cylindrical body 15 is continuously fed at a speed v from a supply device and if the height of the assembly 16 is unchanged, the bottom part of the cylindrical body will swell as shown in Fig. 10. This can be avoided by lowering the assembly at the same speed as the speed v of the cylindrical body as shown in Fig. 11. Depending on the rheological properties of the spherical body, it tends to be drawn rearwardly as shown in Fig. 11. This phenomenon can also be avoided, as shown in Fig. 12, by lifting a plate 56 supporting a belt 50 for receiving the formed spherical body, in synchronisation with the forming of the body. An apparatus for working the aforementioned members will now be described by referring to the drawings. In Figs. 13, 14, and 15, the apparatus is composed of a base 20, a cutter device 23, a cylindrical body supply device 51, and a belt conveyor 53. The cutter device 23 comprises a frame 40, the case 11 mounted on the frame 40 and accommodating the members 1, and a slider 27. The frame 40 is adapted to slide upwards or downwards as explained later, along supporting shafts 41 which are mounted on the base 20. A pin 25 is connected at one end, through a slot formed on the case 11, to the outer sliding surface 9 of one of the members 1, and another end of the pin 25 is fixed to the slider 27 near an end. The other end of the slider 27 is connected to an end of a crank rod 29. The other end of the crank rod 29 is rotatably connected by means of a pin to a point near the circumference of a disc 31. The disc 31 is concentrically and fixedly connected to a gear which is adapted to rotate by a slide gear 33 supported by a bracket 32 mounted on the base 20. The slide gear 33 can be rotated by a motor 39 through its own shaft 34 and gears 35 and 37. When the motor 39 starts, the slider 27 repeatedly moves back and forth and slides the members 1 in the case 11. One end of a pin 49 is fixedly connected to an end of the cutter device 23, and the other end of the pin 49 is rotatably connected to an end of a crank rod 47. The other end of the crank rod 47 is rotatably connected to an end of a pin 44. The other end of the pin 44 is fixedly connected to a disc 45 at a point near the circumference thereof. The disc 45 is connected to and rotated by a motor 43 to cause the crank rod 47 to move downwards and upwards, whereby the cutter device 23 can be repeatedly lowered and lifted. The belt conveyor 53 is composed of a conveyor frame 54, rollers 48, 55, and 57, two tension rollers 52, a belt 50, and a motor (not shown) for driving the belt conveyor 53. In Fig. 15, it will be understood that one end of the belt conveyor 53 is made to move upwards and downwards by a conveyor lifting device 46 mounted on the base 20, so that the roller 57 is swung about the roller 55, to avoid deformation of the spherical body as explained earlier. The cylindrical body 15 is continuously fed from the supply device 51 and is constricted by the cutter device 23 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body to form a spherical body 21, which is fed onto the next station by the belt conveyor 53. When the feeding speed of the cylindrical body is slow, the closing and opening of the opening 14 may be carried out even without reciprocating the cutter device. However, when the feeding speed is fast, it is preferable to move the cutter device in synchronisation with the forming of the spherical body to avoid the difficulty of Fig. 10 or the adhesion to the walls of the assembly. The movement of the cutter device 23 is such that it descends at the same speed as that of the feeding speed of the cylindrical body, and ascends after a spherical body is formed. The members are made to slide back to their original opened position during or before the ascent of the cutter device to avoid the members colliding with the cylindrical body. Repeating the aforesaid operation, the cylindrical body is continuously cut to form spherical bodies at a high speed. The spherically shaped body 21 can be received by the belt conveyor 53 lifted by the conveyor lifting device 46. In the apparatus, the conveyor lifting device 46 is adapted to alternately lower and raise the belt conveyor 53 in synchronisation with the movements of the assembly of the cutter device. Various different types of shaped members can be used, two examples being shown in Figs. 16(A) and 17(B). In Fig. 16(A), an assembly 76 is composed of four rectangular parallelipiped members 77, each having a slope 79 at a corner, sliding surfaces 78 and 87, and an edge 80. Part of a sliding surface 78 of each member forms walls 81 defining an opening 83, and each member slides in a direction s. When the opening 83 is closed, the position of the members is shown in Fig. 16(B). An assembly can be composed of three parallelopiped members, each having a curved slope 85, sliding surfaces 86 and 92, and an edge 88. Walls 90, formed by a sliding surface 86 of each member make an opening 91, and each member slides in a direction s. When the opening 91 is closed, the position of the members is shown in Fig. 17(B). Thus it will be seen that, at least in preferred forms of the invention, the constriction of the cylindrical body is carried out while the contact area of the walls of the opening with the surface of the cylindrical body is gradually decreased. Therefore, no force is applied to cause the members to penetrate the body, unlike the conventional apparatus using wedge-formed blades. As a result, the filling is readily moved in the axial direction without breaking the dough crust. Also, the members slide in a tangentially biased direction relative to the circumference of the cylindrical body. Accordingly, the dough crust is narrowed to a point at which a spherical body is shaped without exposing the filling. Furthermore, according to the invention, a relatively simple mechanism can produce at high speed spherical bodies made of dough crust and a filling of high quality.

Claims: Apparatus for forming a spherical body comprising dough crust and a filling, comprising means for supplying a cylindrical body (15) comprising dough crust (17) and a filling (19), an assembly comprising a plurality of circumferentially disposed members (1,2) combined to form an opening (14,22) at the centre thereof through which said cylindrical body (15) can pass, which assembly is disposed downstream of the cylindrical body (15) supply means, means (25) for closing and opening the opening of the assembly to form a spherical body (21) from said cylindrical body (15), and means (53) disposed downstream of the assembly for receiving said formed spherical body (21), said assembly comprising at least three members (1,2), each of said members (1,2) has at least two sliding surfaces (3,5,4,6), and the members (1,2) being so combined that a sliding surface (3,4) of one member (1,2) is slidable on a sliding surface (5,6) of another member (1,2), characterised in that the opening (14,22) is defined by walls extending in the direction of feed of the dough crust (17) and the filling (19), said walls comprising the inwardly exposed parts of the sliding surfaces (3,4) of the members (1,2) and being opened and closed by sliding the members (1,2) against each other and in that the walls are such that during closing of the opening the cylindrical body (15) is constricted along a portion of its length to force the filling (19) to move in the axial direction of the cylindrical body (15) without breaking the dough crust (17), the dough crust (17) then being brought to the centre of the opening and cut by substantially complete closure of said opening. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the members (2) has at least one slope (8) of negative gradient toward the inner end of the sliding surfaces (4,6) of the member (2) whereby the height of the wall as considered in the direction of feed of the dough crust (17) and the filling (19) is gradually decreased when the members (2) slide to close the opening (22). Apparatus according to claim 2, comprising means (43,47) for lowering and raising the assembly whereby the lowering of the assembly may be synchronised with the lowering of the cylindrical body (15). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, comprising means (20,45) for repeatedly lowering and raising the receiving means (53) for receiving the spherical body (21) in synchronisation with the forming of the spherical body (21). A method of forming a spherical body consisting of dough crust (17) and a filling (19), comprising continuously feeding a cylindrical body (15) consisting of dough crust (17) and a filling (19), applying a circumferential constricting force to the cylindrical body perpendicular to the axis thereof, and applying force to the cylindrical body (15) in at least three directions thereof and along the loci of the sliding movements of at least three members (1,2) forming an opening and aligned around the cylindrical body (15) and made to slide on each other so as to contact the cylindrical body (15), characterised by closing the opening and constricting the cylindrical body (15) along a portion of its length to force the filling (19) to move in the axial direction of the cylindrical body (15) without breaking the dough crust (17), then bringing the dough crust to the centre of the opening and cutting the cylindrical body (15) by substantially complete closure of said opening. A method according to claim 5 wherein said body (15) is fed in a downward direction and said members (1,2) are repeatedly lowered and lifted, the lowering of the cylindrical body and the members (1,2) being synchronised whilst said constricting force is applied to said cylindrical body (15).

Inventors: TOSHIRO, YASUNORI
Applicants: RHEON AUTOMATIC MACHINERY CO. LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: A21C11
IPC codes: A21C11, A21C9