Method for manufacturing steel through smelting reduction

Abstract: A method for manufacturing molten steel wherein iron ore and coal are continuously supplied onto molten metal (2) containing carbon of 1% or less while blowing oxygen gas is being introduced onto the molten metal through a lance (4). Simultaneously with this operation, stirring gas is being introduced into the molten metal at a rate of 0.05 to 0.5 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal through a tuyere (5). The slag and the molten steel produced, is continuously or periodically discharged from tapping hole (6).

Description: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing steel through smelting reduction, and more particularly to a method wherein iron ore and coal are charged, and oxygen gas is blown in, onto molten metal. Recently, methods for smelting and reducing iron ore directly, as steel manufacturing method, without use of a blast furnace, have been proposed and developed, in stead of conventional iron-and-steel making, wherein a blast furnace and a converter have been used. Japanese Patent Laid Open (KOKAI) No. 16611/81, filed by Midrex Corporation in U.S.A., for example, describes a method, wherein: (a) oxide iron in powder is reduced, through contact with heated reducing gas, to iron metal in solid particle; (b) fossil fuel and oxygen gas are injected into a chamber wherein molten iron bath is already contained, and thereby, the molten iron is smelted and the fossil fuel is gasified. The gasification generates heated off-gas from the fossil fuel in the chamber; and (c) the heated off-gas, being cooled and humidified, is turned into the heated reducing gas. This method, however, includes a process of producing reduced iron. This raises an expense for investment in equipment so high that this method is too hard to commercialize at present. Another method has been proposed, wherein: (a) molten iron is produced without use of a pre-reduction furnace; and (b) iron ore is charged onto the molten iron bath, and the molten iron is reduced to molten steel. In this method, molten iron bath is of low reduction potential, since carbon content in the molten iron bath is 1% or less. Accordingly, iron ore, which is charged onto the molten iron bath, is hard to smoothly reduce, although the iron ore is smelted. So, this method is disadvantageous in that not only furnace productivity is low but also inwall refractories are intensively eroded. That is not economical. EP-A-0079182 is directed to a method of producing steel directly from iron ore. The process comprises providing a ferrous melt in a container, into which iron ore and carbonaceous material are introduced. An oxidising gas such as oxygen is blown onto the upper surface of the melt by an overhead lance and simultaneously a stirring gas is injected directly into the melt below its surface. The container in which the reaction is carried out may be a steel converter type vessel. The production process can be carried out on a continuous basis, in which case an outlet is provided for the continuous or periodic tapping of the vessel. The stirring gas, which may be argon, is introduced via a tuyere located in the bottom surface of the converter. DE-A-2 723 857 discloses a method for manufacturing steel by a continuous method. A combination of a solid carbonaceous material and a carrier gas is injected into a melt of molten ferrous metal contained in a metallurgical vessel At the same time, an oxidizing gas is blown onto the surface of the melt to react with the carbonaceous material to liberate heat thereby raising the energy level within the melt. The solid carbonaceous material may be coal, and the iron bearing material may be added to the melt in any convenient form such as iron ore. This may be continuously charged into the melt and refined molten steel continuously tapped from below the level of the slag. The solid carbonaceous material may be introduced into the reaction vessel through a tuyere which is in the form of a double concentric tube. This arrangement allows an annular shroud of fluid to be simultaneously injected surrounding the carbonaceous material as it is being injected. This shroud fluid is chosen to minimize refractory and tuyere wear and to prevent tuyere blockage. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing steel wherein steel can be produced directly from iron ore by means of reducing the iron ore in high efficiency. According to the present invention, a method is provided for manufacturing steel by smelting and reducing iron ore which comprises the steps of: (i) providing a melt of molten metal (2) in a converter-type reaction vessel (1); (ii) continuously charging the iron ore and coal into the melt to reduce the iron ore, whilst blowing stirring gas into the melt and oxygen gas into contact with the melt, and continuously or periodically discharging slag and molten steel from the reaction vessel; and (iii) controlling the post combustion ratio of gas constituent discharged from the reaction vessel, the post combustion ratio being represented by (CO₂ + H₂O)/(CO + CO₂ + H₂ + H₂O); wherein the melt contains carbon in an amount of 0.05-1%; the discharged molten steel contains 1% or less of carbon; and the stirring gas is blown into the melt at a rate of 0.05-1.0 Nm³/min/T where T represents one ton of molten metal; characterized by the post combustion ratio being controlled to be at least 0.3; the iron ore and coal being charged into the melt in respective amounts per ton of molten steel of 1400-1500 kg and 500-800 kg; and the oxygen gas being blown into the melt at a rate of 450-500 Nm³/min/ton of molten steel. Optional features of the invention are set out in the dependent claims. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detail description to follow taken in conjunction with the appended drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an apparatus used for a method according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is a graphic representation showing relationship between carbon content in molten iron and coal unit consumption of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a graphic representation showing relationship between carbon content in molten iron and post-combustion ratio of the present invention; Fig. 4 is a graphic representation showing relationship between amount of bottom blow-in gas and coal unit consumption of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a graphic representation showing relationship between amount of bottom blow-in gas and post-combustion ratio of the present invention; and Fig. 6 is a graphic representation showing the results of an operation accoridng to the present invention. Turning now more specifically to the drawings, Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus used for a method for manufacturing steel according to the present invention. In Fig. 1, reference numerals denote, respectively, top-and-bottom-blow-converter-type reaction vessel 1; molten metal 2 contained in reaction vessel 1; slag 3 floating on molten metal 2; lance 4 blowing high pressure oxygen gas into molten metal 2 in reaction vessel 1; bottom tuyere 5 blowing stirring gas into molten metal 2; and tapping hole 6 discharging molten steel. Firstly, molten iron tapped out of a blast furnace is charged into reaction vessel 1. The molten iron is decarbonized by blowing oxygen gas through lance 4 to prepare molten metal 2 containing carbon content of 1% or less, since the molten iron, as mother molten iron, is of high carbon content of approximatley 4%. Following this step, oxygen gas is blown onto the molten metal through lance 4. And, simultaneously with the oxygen gas blow-in, iron ore is continuously charged together with coal necessary in amount to smelt and reduce the iron ore and with flux for control of slag basicity. Further, simultaneously with this charging, stirring gas is blown into the molten metal through the bottom tuyere 5, and oxygen gas is blown onto the molten metal through lance 4. Molten steel and slag both produced by blowing the oxygen gas are continuously discharged through tapping hole 6. In this embodiment, molten iron is used for mother molten metal. When, however, the carbon content of the mother molten metal is 1% or less, there is no need for decarbonization of the mother molten metal. In this case, iron ore and flux are charged onto the molten metal, oxygen gas and stirring gas being blown onto the molten metal. As iron bearing material, iron ore, reduced iron and scrap are used. As flux, limestone and dolomite are available. As stirring gas, argon, nitrogen, oxygen and process gas generated from reaction vessel 1 can be used. It is preferable that discharge of molten metal and slag both produced is carried out continuously and periodically so as to keep a certain distance between the end of lance 4 and the surface level of the molten metal. Otherwise, the state of oxygen gas blown in through lance 4 is unpreferably changed because the surface level of the molten metal is raised due to smelting reduction of the iron ore, which is continuously charged into reaction vessel 1. The reason that the carbon content of molten metal 2 is required to be 1% or less for charging iron ore and coal will now be described with reference to the drawings. A test result of an operation according to the present invention shows changes of coal unit consumption in relation to carbon content in molten metal in Fig. 2. The coal unit consumption is reduced when the carbon content is 1% or less. If the carbon content becomes 0.7% or less, the reduction of the coal unit consumption is more preferably improved. This is apparently recognized from Fig. 3 wherein changes of post-combustion ratio to the carbon content in molten metal 2 are represented when bottom blow nitrogen gas amounts to 0.2 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal to smelt and reduce iron ore. The post combustion ratio is given, as a ratio of gas constituent discharged from reaction vessel 1, by the following formula: CO₂ + H₂O / CO + CO₂ + H₂ + H₂O In the case of the post-combustion represented by the following: CO + 1/2 O₂ → CO₂ the post-combustion ratio does not increase when the carbon content in the molten metal is so large that CO₂ reacts on C contained in the molten metal to form CO. Consequently, coal consumption is increased. If the carbon content in the molten metal is 1% or less, the post-combustion ratio is improved and the post-combusted heat is efficiently used. This reduces coal consumption unit. If the carbon content is 0.7% or less, the post-combustion ratio more preferably improved. The carbon content in molten metal 2 can be controlled to be kept a desired level by changing a ratio of oxygen to coal, both being continuously supplied to molten metal 2. Increase of the carbon content in the molten metal is obtained by reducing a ratio representing by "amount of oxygen gas" / "amount of coal". And, decrease of the carbon content is obtained by raising the ratio. 0.05% or more of the carbon content in the molten metal is preferable. If the carbon content is decreased, oxidation of C becomes more than that of Fe and, FeO and Fe₂O₃ are increased in molten slag. This generates easily slopping. In addition, yield of Fe is lowered as much more oxidation of Fe occurs. With specific reference to Fig. 4 of the drawing, the necessity for stirring gas being blown in at a rate equal to or over 0.05 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal will now be described. According to a test result of an operation, changes of coal unit consumption (kg/ton of steel) in relation to bottom-blow gas (Nm³/min, ton of molten metal) are shown in Fig. 4. In this operation the bottom-blow gas was nitrogen. Line A and line B, each, represent the changes when carbon content in molten metal is approximately 0.02% and 2%. When the amount of bottom-blow gas is 0.05 Nm³/ton of molten metal or more, the coal consumption unit can be reduced, regardless of amount of the carbon content in the molten metal. If the amount of the bottom-blow gas is 0.1 Nm³/ton of molten metal or more, the coal consumption unit is more preferably reduced. This is apparently recognized from Fig. 5, wherein changes of the post-combustion ratio in relation to the bottom-blow gas are represented when temperature of molten metal 2 in reaction vessel 1 amounts to 1600°C. Line A and line B, each, represent the changes when amount of the bottom-blow gas is approximately 0.2%, and 2%. The representation teaches that the post-combustion ratio increases when the amount of the bottom-blow gas is 0.05 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal or more. The increase of the post-combustion ratio in the case of 0.2% carbon content is remarkably higher than that in the case of 2% carbon content. When the carbon content is 0.2% and the amount of the bottom-blow gas is 0.1 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal or more, the post-combustion ratio is more preferably improved. 1.0 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal or less of amount of the bottom-blow gas is preferable. If the amount is over 1.0 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal, splash occurs owing to channeling of gas. This gives unfavourable conditions to the operation. In addition, to strengthen stirring effect, stirring gas can be blown in through tuyeres set in side-wall of reaction vessel 1 (not shown). Charging amount of coal is 500 to 800 kg/ton of molten steel. If the charging amount is less than 500 kg/ton of molten steel, temperature of the molten metal is lowered owing to insufficiency of heat value. If the charging amount is over 800 kg/ton, the temperature of the molten metal rises excessively owing to excess of heat value. Charging amount of iron ore is 1400 to 1500 kg/ton of molten steel. 450 to 500 Nm³/min/ton of molten steel of oxygen is blown into the melt. Example According to a test result of an operation, changes of amount of the carbon content in the molten metal in relation to blowing time are shown in Fig. 6. In this operation, iron ore is decarbonized, and subsequently smelted and reduced according to the present invention, when the carbon content in mother molten metal is 4%. At initial stage of blowing, iron ore was supplied onto molten metal 2 without supply of coal, while oxygen gas was being blown thereonto. Molten metal 2 was decarbonized by the oxygen gas. The amount of the carbon content in the molten metal was gradually reduced and the temperature of the molten metal increased. When the carbon content in the molten metal was decreased to 0.5%, iron ore was smelted and reduced by supplying continuously oxygen gas and coal onto the molten metal, the 0.5% carbon being kept. The operation conditions are as follows: Charging amount of iron ore 1,450 kg/ton of molten steel Charging amount of coal 600 kg/ton of molten steel Blowing amount of oxygen 480 Nm³/min/ton of molten steel Bottom-blow amount of gas 0.3 Nm³/min/ton of molten metal The temperature of the molten metal was kept to be almost 1600°C throughout the smelting reduction. Iron ore was successfully melted and reduced. Carbon content in discharging molten steel was approximately 0.5%. The present invention, as described in the above, charges iron ore into a top-and-bottom-blow converter, in the state wherein carbon content of mother molten metal is 1% or less and bottom-blow gas is blown onto the molten metal at an rate of 0.05 Nm³/min/ton molten metal or more and the temperature of the molten metal being kept a constant level, thereby to improve the post-combustion ratio. This can remarkably reduce coal unit consumption (kg/ton of steel). Consequently, the present invention enables steel to efficiently be produced directly from iron ore. Moreover, the present invention can reduce damage of furnace inwall since the temperature of the molten metal is kept a constant level. All the percentages given in this specification, claims, abstract and drawings are % by weight unless otherwise stated.

Claims: A method for manufacturing steel by smelting and reducing iron ore which comprises the steps of: (i) providing a melt of molten metal (2) in a converter-type reaction vessel (1); (ii) continuously charging the iron ore and coal into the melt to reduce the iron ore, whilst blowing stirring gas into the melt and oxygen gas into contact with the melt, and continuously or periodically discharging slag and molten steel from the reaction vessel; and (iii) controlling the post combustion ratio of gas constituent discharged from the reaction vessel, the post combustion ratio being represented by (CO₂ + H₂O)/(CO + CO₂ + H₂ + H₂O); wherein the melt contains carbon in an amount of 0.05-1%; the discharged molten steel contains 1% or less of carbon; and the stirring gas is blown into the melt at a rate of 0.05-1.0 Nm³/min/T where T represents one ton of molten metal; characterized by the post combustion ratio being controlled to be at least 0.3; the iron ore and coal being charged into the melt in respective amounts per ton of molten steel of 1400-1500 kg and 500-800 kg; and the oxygen gas being blown into the melt at a rate of 450-500 Nm³/min/ton of molten steel. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step of controlling the post combustion ratio includes controlling the post combustion ratio within the range 0.3-0.6 by controlling the carbon content in the melt or the stirring gas amount. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said step of preparing a melt of molten metal includes preparing the molten metal containing carbon in an amount of 0.05 to 0.7%. A method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that said step of blowing stirring gas includes blowing said stirring gas through a tuyere (5) set at the bottom of the reaction vessel. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said stirring gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of argon, nitrogen, oxygen and process gas generated from the reaction vessel. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said step of blowing stirring gas includes blowing the stirring gas at a rate of 0.1 to 0.5 Nm³/min/T.

Inventors: IWASAKI KATSUHIRO PATENT LICEN, OZEKI AKICHIKA PATENT LICENCE, YAMADA KENZO PATENT LICENCE AN, IWASAKI, KATSUHIRO PATENT & LICENCE AND QUALITY, OZEKI, AKICHIKA PATENT & LICENCE AND QUALITY, YAMADA, KENZO PATENT & LICENCE AND QUALITY, Iwasaki, Katsuhiro Patent &amp; Licence and Quality, Ozeki, Akichika Patent &amp; Licence and Quality, Yamada, Kenzo Patent &amp; Licence and Quality
Applicants: NIPPON KOKAN KK, NIPPON KOKAN KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1987
Main classification: C21B13
IPC codes: C21B13, C21C5, C21B11