AN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE FOOD PRODUCTS

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing composite food products having a controlled composition is provided. This apparatus includes a plurality of supply means (3, ll) for supplying materials, a conveyor (7) for conveying the materials, the materials being combined on the conveyor (7) resulting in a composite food mass, a plurality of measuring devices (5, l3) at each of the supply means (3, ll) and a selecting device (l7) for eliminating poor products. The quantity of each material per unit time is measured by the measuring means (5, l3), and ratios of the materials of the composite food mass are computed based on the quantity data by control means (25). When the portions of composite food mass are cut into separate products, poor products are removed by the selecting means (l7) based on the data from the comparison of the ratios of the materials of each portion with the reference ratios.

Description: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing composite food products which are produced by combining or wrapping food materials of different types, such as bread dough with cheese, jam or the like, which are constituents of Danish pastries, apple pies, pizza pies, etc. In the production of composite food products, as in, for example, bean-jam buns, apple pies, Danish pastries, pizza pies, and the like, prepared by shaping and cooking a combination of a plurality of various kinds of materials, the quality and especially, the taste, of the finished composite food is determined not only by the quantities of the individual materials constituting the food, but also by the ratio of the various materials used. This ratio is a very important factor governing the taste of the composite food product. In the past, when composite food products were produced using automatic machines, only the quantity of each of the materials used to form a composite food product has been measured, but the measurement regarding each food material has not been used in determining the quality or taste of the finished composite food. As an example of known prior art reference is made to US-A-3917856 which discloses the preambles of claims 1 and 9. This reference discloses a composite food product made from two types of dough, but there is no provision for measuring the quantities of the respective doughs supplied, or for removing from the production line products failing to meet the desired ratio. Further, in general composite food products are produced by putting materials through many steps. Since these materials are incorporated into a mass of composite food material, there is no effective way to determine the ratios of the constituent materials. Thus merely the total weight of each composite food product has been measured to determine whether the quality of the product is acceptable or not. Thus, there has been no means for controlling the taste of composite food products in the process of automatic production. For example, apple pies are produced by a method comprising the steps of continuously supplying pie dough, continuously stretching this dough, continuously or intermittently supplying apple jam onto the stretch pie dough, wrapping the apple jam with the pie dough, cutting the pie dough, and wrapping the jam into separate apple pies. Due to the viscosity of food materials, they cannot be supplied at a constant rate throughout the operation. Accordingly, when such food materials are processed on automatic machines, the quality or the taste of the end products is not uniform, resulting in poor products. Furthermore, if there is any trouble in feeding materials, such as clogging or supply shortages, the apparatus of the prior art cannot detect poor products and thus continues to produce poor products. It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantage of the conventional method described above and to provide an apparatus and method for producing composite food products having a uniform quality and taste. Thus according to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for producing composite food products comprising a combination of food materials including: a. a plurality of supply means for supplying a plurality of said food materials; b. conveyor means for receiving and transferring said food materials supplied from said supply means and composite food products formed therefrom, characterised in that said apparatus further comprises; c. a plurality of measuring means for measuring quantities of said food materials supplied by the respective supply means in a predetermined time interval; and d. control means for comparing a preselected control ratio value with the ratio of the quantities of said food materials in a given composite food product derived from the quantities of the respective food materials measured by said measuring means whereby production of unacceptable food products may be detected in operation of said apparatus, said control means operating a selecting means for removing unacceptable products detected by said control means. The plurality of food materials, may be supplied intermittently by said supply means to said conveyor to form individual composite food products or they may be supplied continuously to form a continuous composite food material for subsequent separation into individual composite food products, the combination of the food materials taking place either on or before deposition of the food materials onto said conveyor. According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for producing composite food products having a controlled composition of food materials including the steps of supplying a plurality of food materials to a conveyor to be combined into composite food material and cutting the thus formed composite food material into separate composite food products; characterised by measuring respective quantities of food materials supplied in predetermined time intervals; deriving from said quantities measured the ratio of food materials in each portion of said composite food supplied in said time interval; comparing said ratio with a preselected ratio value; cutting said composite food material into said separate composite food products produced from the quantities of food materials supplied during said time interval; and selecting satisfactory products from said separate composite food products depending on the results of said comparison. The present invention thus enables the production of composite food products each having a controlled composition of materials by detecting and then making possible the removal of products failing to meet composition requirements. Moreover by continuously detecting quantites of supplied materials and thus deriving the ratio of each material in individual composite food products, early discovery of poor products is made possible. An apparatus according to the invention may include means which enables the operator to stop the operation or to emit an alarm notifying the operator when poor products are produced. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, quantites of individual food materials supplied from a hopper, an extruder, or other supply means are sequentially and independently measured per unit time and recorded, until the materials are combined into a composite food mass and processed into individual composite food products. The materials are supplied onto a conveyor assembly one after another, and combined and formed into a composite food mass while being conveyed by the conveyor assembly, the quantity of each material in each portion of the composite food conveyed per unit time i.e. that corresponding to an individual food product is calculated by the recorded quantity data. The quantities of the materials in each composite food portion are then used to calculate the ratios of the combined materials of each portion. The ratios are compared with control ratios to determine whether the portion satisfies a required condition. Since the composition of the materials of each portion is checked against the control data, products which do not satisfy the condition can be eliminated when the composite food mass is cut into products consisting of such portions. As a result, composite food products having a controlled composition of materials can be obtained. Moreover, when occurrence of such a poor portion is detected during the production of the food, the position and number of the poor product containing it can be detected during the process of production, so that it can be readily identified, and the damage caused by poor products can be minimized. Further, upon completion of the production the total amount of each of the individual materials used, the total number of acceptable products, and the times at which such materials are provided and combined, can be immediately reported, and, also, how and under what conditions the poor products were produced, can be traced. In the present invention, the quantity ratio value of the components of the composite material is measured, without analyzing the individual products, by dividing them into separate components, and final unit products are accompanied by the measured weight and ratio data in reference to the time. Thus, the position of a poor product can be located by detecting the time when it is produced, and the poor products can thus be removed, and thus only acceptable products will be shipped. Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. l shows preferred embodiment of apparatus according to the invention for producing the composite food products; Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the control unit (25) of the apparatus in Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a graph showing weight measurements relative to time of food materials A and B supplied per unit timeby the extruders (3,ll); Fig. 4 is a graph showing the weight measurements of food materials A and B relative to the position in the apparatus; and Figs. 5 and 6 show other measuring means for measuring quantity per unit time of continuously supplied food material; and Figs. 7, 8, and 9 show other means for supplying food materials. In Fig. l a preferred embodiment of composite food product producing apparatus (l) according to the present invention is shown. This apparatus (l) includes, a first supply means in the form of extruder (3) for continuously supplying food material A, a first measuring means (5) provided at the extruder for measuring changes per unit time in the weight of the extruder (3) or the weight of the food material in the extruder (3), a conveyor (7) for conveying food materials, a shaping device (9) for continuously shaping and stretching material A into a desired form, a second supply means in the form of extruder (ll) for supplying material B, and a second measuring means (l3) provided at the second extruder (ll) for measuring changes per unit time in the weight of the second extruder (ll) or the weight of the food material in the second extruder (ll). The conveyor (7) is a conventional endless belt device and receives material A and material B on its upper run one after another so as to be combined into a composite food mass C. The shaping device (9) is a roller mechanism positioned above the conveyor (7) comprising a plurality of rollers rotatable about their axes and movable in unison in the same direction along an endless roller path in the same direction of the movement of material A, and is designed to shape material A into a desired form by pressing it to the upper run of the conveyor (7) and stretching it. The apparatus (l) also comprises a cutter device (l5) cutting the composite food mass C, consisting of the materials A and B, into separate products D, and a selecting device (l7) selecting and eliminating poor products from the products D. The cutter device (l5) comprises an adjusting means (l9) to actuate the cutter device (l5) to cut a composite food mass C into products D so that the product has a selected length in the direction of movement of the conveyor. The length of the product may preferably be the length at which the food materials progress on the conveyor per unit time of measurement of weight or a multiple of such a length. Since the conveyor (7) continuously conveys the composite food mass C, the time interval after which it is required to cut the composite food mass is calculated based on the speed of the conveyor (7) and the length of product D in the direction of movement of the conveyor. Then, the adjusting means (l9) emits a signal to actuate the cutter device (l5) at every such time interval so that the portions having the selected length can be cut from the composite food mass, resulting in products D. Such a time period, and the time the cutting is actuated, are recorded in a recording means (27) of a control unit (25). The control unit (25) is shown in Fig. 2. The control unit (25) comprises a recording means (27), ALU (28) arithmetic and logic unit, a reference memory means (29), a comparator (3l) and a signal generator (33). The weight values measured by the first and second measuring means (5, l3) are transmitted to the control unit (25). Since material A and B are received on the conveyor (7) one after another and combined while traveling, the weight for material A is delayed by the travel time for material A to reach a point close to the nozzle of the second extruder (ll) so that the weight measurements for the materials combined in a given portion of the composite food mass can be synchronized. To compute the travel time, the control unit (25) receives the data indicating the conveyor moving speed from the conveyor (7). Then, the weight measurements for the materials A and B are summed and a ratio as well as the total weight of materials A and B are calculated in the ALU (28) and the thus obtained data is put in the recording means (27). The weight measurements are also transferred and recorded in the recording means (27). The recording means (27) comprises any type of permanent memory means. For a visual check by an operator, the recording means (27) is connected to a display means (39) such as a VDU or graph indicator to display the changes in the weight measurement, the composite ratio, and the total weight of the materials. Therefore, an operator can detect trouble in supplying materials by watching the display means, which displays the contents of the recording means, and can detect the locations of the products and the times at which the products are produced. Since the composite ratio and total weight data of each portion of the composite food mass C being conveyed is calculated and stored in the recording means (27), every portion in the composite food mass C has a composite ratio data as well as the total weight. Then, when the portions of the mass C is cut into product D, the portions included in each product D have their own composite ratios and total weight data respectively. In other words, the recording means (27) of the control unit (25) stores the composite ratio and the total weight of materials A and B per unit time corresponding to each portion so that the ratio and weight of the materials in each portion of the finished composite products D can be obtained from the recording means (27). The control unit (25) also comprises a reference memory means (29) which stores a reference composite ratio and total weight value indicating an acceptable composition and weight of each portion included in product D. In the comparator (3l) of the control unit (25), the calculated ratio of the weight measurements and the total weight of materials A and B supplied per unit time in a portion of the composite food mass C is compared with the reference ratio value and the total weight value. Based on the comparison, the signal generator (33) of the control unit (25) generates a signal instructing an alarm means (35 of Fig. 2) to ring or display the status to notify an operator or send a signal to a stopping means (37) to stop the operation of the apparatus when the computed ratio does not meet the reference value. The signal generator (33) also generates a signal to actuate the selecting device (l7). Since the composite ratio and total weight data of each portion is compared with the reference ratio and total weight to determine whether the portion has an acceptable composition of materials, the selecting device (l7) can eliminate poor products, including a portion, or portions, which does not meet the reference values. The selecting device (l7) comprises a small conveyor serially arranged downstream of the conveyor (7). The downstream end of the small conveyor is lowered in response to a signal from the signal generator (33) of the control unit (25) so as to eliminate poor products when they arrive on the small conveyor. The operation performed by the apparatus (l) will now be described in detail. First, materials A and B are supplied into the hoppers of the first extruder (3) and the second extruder (ll), respectively. When material A is extruded from the nozzle of the extruder (3), the weight of the extruder (3) decreases. The weight of the extruder is measured continuously by the measuring device (5) and the weight data is transmitted to the control unit (25). In the ALU (28) of the control unit (25) the weight data is converted to data indicating the weight of material A extruded from the first extruder (3) per unit time. In Fig. 3, weight measurements of portions of materials A and B are shown in a time chart. The curve a in the graph shows the weight of material A extruded from the extruder (3) for each unit time. Such unit time is described as a space between the dotted lines. Material A is conveyed by the conveyor (7) and, after being suitably shaped by the shaping device (9), combined with material B from the second extruder (ll) to form a composite food mass C. The weight of material B is continuously measured and converted into the weight data per unit time in the similar manner to obtain the weight data of material A. In Fig. 3, the curve b shows the weight of material B from the second extruder (ll) per unit time. It takes some time for material A to reach the position where it combines with B, and when A reaches the second extruder (ll), the extruder begins to supply material B. Such a delay in time is described as T d in Fig. 3, and is determined by the moving speed of the conveyor (7) and the distance of the required travel. Due to such a delay, the ratio of the materials in a given portion of the composite food mass is described as a at UT d : b at UT, wherein UT indicates a given unit time, UT d indicates a unit time which occurs before the given unit time by the delay time T d . Therefore, the weight data for a portion of material A is delayed in the control unit (25) by the delay time T d and then put together with the weight data of material B to be combined with the above-said portion of material A so that the ratio and the total weight of material A and B in the relevant portion of the composite food mass C can be calculated. Such weight measurements, the times at which portions of materials are supplied, and the ratios and total weight data, are stored in the recording means (27) of the control unit (25). Fig. 4 shows the weight measurements of portions of materials A and B and their positions in the apparatus (l) when a fourth product D₄ is cut from the composite mass C. The leftmost ends of the curves a and b indicate the location of the first and second extruders (3, ll) respectively. The symbol P in the position axis indicates the position where materials A and B are combined and the symbol C indicates the position where the cutting operation takes place. As will be understood from Fig. l, the position P is located near the nozzle of the second extruder (ll) and the position C is at the cutter device (l5), directly beneath its suspended knife. The solid lines to the right of the solid line C indicate the locations where the cutter operations had taken place and the portions of the composite mass are separated from each other. The symbol S in the position axis indicates the location where the selecting operation takes place. In Fig. 4, the weight data for materials A and B in relevant portions of the composite food mass has been adjusted to appear in the same positional space. The ratio of the weights of materials A and B in the portions is described as a:b at any position. The space between the dotted lines illustrates the length of the portions in the direction of movement of the conveyor, corresponding to the unit time in Fig. 3. For example, the third product D₃ includes two portions, the first at the ratio a:b at Pn and the second at the ratio a:b at Pn+l. Suppose, for example, the product is an apple pie. In such a case, the ratio a:b represents the ratio between the quantities of the crust of the pie and the apple jam. In the case of foods, the weight ratio represents the taste, that is, the quality. In other words, the weight ratio of each portion indicates whether the quality of each of the separate products having the portion obtained by cutting is acceptable or poor. Additionally, the total weight of materials A and B in the relevant portion is obtained by adding the weights of materials A and B. Such weight data of the portion also indicates the quality of the product. Therefore, such ratio and total weight values are compared with the reference ratio and the reference weight value stored in the reference memory (29) by the comparator (3l), so that whether the portion is acceptable or poor can be determined. Then the composite food mass C is further carried by the conveyor (7) and cut by the cutter (l5) into separate products D. The cutter device cuts the composite food mass into separate products by a periodic cutting operation in response to a signal from the adjusting means (l9). Each time a product D is cut from the composite food mass C the time the cutting operation takes place is transmitted to and stored in the recording means (27) of the control unit (25). As described, the weight of each material per unit time and the time at which the weight is measured are stored in the recording means (27). Thus, the position of any portion of the composite food mass C at a certain time can be detected based on the moving speed of the conveyor (7). Therefore, the position of the poor portion that does not meet the condition provided by the reference data is detected. Further, by using the cutting time, the position of the portion where the cutting has taken place is detected. Based on the location of cutting and the location of the poor portion, the product having a poor portion is identified as a poor product and readily located in the apparatus. Therefore, when the poor product arrives on the small conveyor of the selecting means (l7), the small conveyor can remove the poor product in response to a signal from the signal generator (33). If the apparatus comprises an alarm means (35) such as an alarm lamp, a buzzer, an emergency display, etc., such means is activated by a signal from the signal generator (33) when the comparison indicates that the portion has a poor quality so that an operator is notified and can stop the operation of the apparatus. Otherwise, if the apparatus comprises an interrupt means, such means is activated, upon receiving a signal indicating a portion of poor quality, to automatically stop the operation of the apparatus. Because such weight data and cutting data in Fig. 4 is displayed by the display means (29) and updated each unit time, an operator can immediately detect any trouble in the production of the composite food and stop the operation before a large number of poor products are produced. Additionally, since the operator can check the time and position at which a poor product is produced, the reason for the trouble can be readily detected. Further, since each of the materials supplied is continuously measured, trouble in supplying can be detected even before the materials are combined, and thus production of poor products is predicted. Therefore, loss due to production of poor products can be minimized. As described above, poor products are removed by the selecting device (l7) leaving on the production line only the acceptable products having substantially the same quality. The method used for the time-based measurement of the quantities of the materials extruded from the first and second extruders (3, ll) is in no way limited to that described above. In a method shown in Fig. 5, a pressure sensor 2l measures the pressure acting on the inner surface of the nozzle of the extruder, and the measured pressure is multiplied by an experimentally established coefficient to obtain a quantity of a material supplied. Such data is transmitted to and stored in the memory of the control unit, registered against time. In another method shown in Fig. 6, a weight-measuring instrument 23 is disposed beneath the belt of the conveyor to record a time-dependent change in the weight of the material being conveyed. In still another method, a sensor is disposed adjacent to the material extruder to measure the sectional area and extruding rate of the material extruded, and these values are used as data of the time-related quantities of the supplied material. In the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of various kinds of materials are combined in a strip form on a conveyor. However, the object of the present invention can also be attained by an intermittent supply of materials as shown in Fig. 7, and granular or pellet-like materials as shown in Fig. 8, or combining the supply of materials through a double pipe shown in Fig. 9. As described above, the present invention controls the quality or taste of the composite food products, by a very simple method, during a process for continuous production of a composite food. A food material having a peculiar viscosity or elasticity, or a granular or pellet-like food material, will not be uniformly supplied from the extruder due to a bridging phenomenon or other problems, and a poor product may occur during production of products including such a material. The apparatus of the present invention enables early discovery of such a poor product and can eliminate it, producing only a product having a composition within a standard range. Therefore, composite food products with substantially the same quality can be produced.

Claims: An apparatus for producing composite food products comprising a combination of food materials including: a. a plurality of supply means (3,11) for supplying a plurality of said food materials (A,B); b. conveyor means (7) for receiving and transferring said food materials supplied from said supply means and composite food products (D) formed therefrom, characterised in that said apparatus further comprises; c. a plurality of measuring means (5,13) for measuring quantities of said food materials (A,B) supplied by the respective supply means (3,11) in a predetermined time interval; and d. control means (25) for comparing a preselected control ratio value with the ratio of the quantities of said food materials in a given composite food product derived from the quantities of the respective food materials measured by said measuring means whereby production of unacceptable food products may be detected in operation of said apparatus, said control means operating a selecting means (17) for removing unacceptable products detected by said control means. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control means includes means for comparing a preselected control weight with the total weight of said food materials in a given product derived from the quantities of the respective food materials measured by said measuring means for detecting products of unacceptable weight. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 including stopping means (37) for stopping the operation of the apparatus (1) depending on the detection of unacceptable products by said control means. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 including alarm means (35) activatable consequent upon detection of unacceptable products by said control means. An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 including cutter means (15) for cutting a combination of said food materials supplied from said supply means into separate composite food products (D). An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein one or more of said measuring means comprises a weighing device (5,23). An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein one or more of said measuring means comprising a pressure sensor (21). An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 including shaping means (9) for shaping food materials supplied by said supply means for combination into said composite food products. A method for producing composite food products (D) having a controlled composition of food materials including the steps of supplying a plurality of food materials (A,B) to a conveyor (7) to be combined into composite food material and cutting the thus formed composite food material (C) into separate composite food products (D); characterised by measuring respective quantities of food materials supplied in predetermined time intervals; deriving from said quantities measured the ratio of food materials in each portion of said composite food supplied in said time interval; comparing said ratio with a preselected ratio value; cutting said composite food material (C) into said separate composite food products (D) produced from the quantities of food materials supplied during said time interval; and selecting satisfactory products from said separate composite food products (D) depending on the results of said comparison.

Inventors: HAYASHI, TORAHIKO
Applicants: RHEON AUTOMATIC MACHINERY CO. LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: A21C11
IPC codes: A21C11, A21C9, A23P1, A23L3