IMPROVEMENTS IN CALL DEVICES

Abstract: A call device for use by elderly people or for use in situations having a high ambient noise level is provided with a voice operated switch in which the effects of leakage signals, which appear in the receive channel due to leakage across a hybrid circuit (D1) from the send channel, are cancelled by a signal derived by rectifying and integrating send signals in the send channel. Receive signals Vr, received from a transmission line to which the call device is connected by the hybrid circuit, are rectified and integrated to produce a control voltage. A comparator (D4) generates a control signal when the control voltage exceeds a reference voltage to enable a switch (R) in the receive channel and disable a switch (S) in the send channel. This enables a receive signal to override any send signal which may arise due to ambient noise and permits use of a sensitive send channel and high volume sound from a loudspeaker (L/S) in the receive channel.

Description: This invention relates to call devices intended for use by elderly individuals living alone and for use in situations where a received signal is required to provide a relatively high amplitude sound signal. Such devices may use a switched telephone network or a network of private circuits as a transmission medium. In particular the invention relates to switching circuits for use in such call devices. Call devices for connection in parallel with a telephone to a switched telephone network and activated in response to a signal from a small radio transmitter carried by an elderly individual are known from Patent Specification Nos GB-A-2166321 and 2051520 and Butler, "Alarms that reassure", Health and Social Service Journal, 17 June 1982, 734-736. When such a call device receives an incoming signal from the transmitter, it automatically dials a number previously entered into memory, transmits encoded identity information to the selected destination so that a person at that destination is made aware via a decoder from which telephone the call has come, and thereafter establishes two-way handsfree speech transmission so that the person at the destination can determine the reason for the call. A problem that arises with such a call device is how to establish effective handsfree speech transmission between the elderly individual and the person at the destination. In an emergency situation, a system including a voice switching unit controlled via a "transmit" button gives a person at the destination the power to talk at will to the individual who made the call to determine the nature of the difficulty and to provide reassurance. But care is required to operate the transmit button to make meaningful two-way conversation possible, and the need to give such care to a mechanical task in an emergency situation is undesirable. Furthermore, the person at the destination may be confronted with a dual task, firstly talking via a call unit with the affected individual to obtain information and provide reassurance and secondly locating and instructing a third party via an alternative communications system or medium. The need to operate the transmit button as well as these other tasks is an unacceptable intrusion. Handsfree telephone communication is known in an office environment via a voice switching unit that changes between transmit and receive states depending upon the relative magnitudes of the transmitted and received signals as described in Patent specification GB 2122454B. The switching unit rectifies and integrates signals present in the send and receive channels and applies the integrated signals as inputs to a differential amplifier which outputs a control signal to control the gain of variable gain amplifiers in the send and receive channels. Such a switching unit would not be acceptable for use in a call device because its changeover from send to receive depends upon the relative magnitudes of the microphone signal, ambient noise as from a radio or television or sound from the individual concerned on the one hand and the incoming signal on the other hand. High amplitude local noise may maintain the unit in the transmit state, blocking reception of speech from the person at the destination. In use of the call device by persons, such as elderly individuals, who are partially deaf and in use of the call device in high ambient noise locations there is a need for received sound signals to be generated by a loud speaker at a relatively high amplitude in order that they can be heard by the user. Also, the user may be at a distance from the call unit so that the microphone and send channel need to be sensitive to low amplitude sound signals. As a result a voice switching circuit which is responsive to relative magnitudes of the send and receive signals would tend to switch to the send channel in response to any high amplitude sound emanating from the loud speaker in response to a received signal. According to one aspect of this invention a switch circuit for a call device including a send channel; a receive channel; a connection circuit for connecting said send and receive channels to a transmission line for transmission of speech signals from said send channel to the transmission line and for reception of speech signals in said receive channel from the transmission line; first means operable to control passage of speech signals in the send channel; second means operable to control passage of speech signals in the receive channel; and control means to operate the first means and second means to control passage of speech signals in the send and receive channels; is characterised in that in a normal state the control means maintains the first means in a first state permitting passage of speech signals in the send channel to the connection circuit and maintains the second means in a second state inhibiting passage of speech signals in the receive channel from the connection circuit; in that the control means includes a first circuit to generate a control signal having a magnitude dependent upon the magnitude of speech signals received in the receive channel from the transmission line and a second circuit comprising a comparator to compare the magnitude of the control signal with a reference potential and in that the second circuit in response to the control signal exceeding the reference potential operates the first means to inhibit passage of speech signals in the send channel and operates the second means to permit passage of speech signals in the receive channel. According to another aspect of the invention a switch circuit for a call device including a send channel; a receive channel; a hybrid circuit for connecting said send and receive channels to a transmission line, leakage in the hybrid resulting in a leakage signal appearing in the receive channel when a send signal is present in the send channel; first switch means in the send channel; second switch means in the receive channel; first means to rectify and integrate the send signal to produce a first signal of first polarity; second means to derive a second signal from signals present in the receive channel; and control means responsive to the first and second signals to control switching of the send switch and receive switch is characterised in that the second means derives the second signal to be of first and second opposite polarities and in that the control means includes rectifier means receiving a combination of the first and second signals, the rectifier means being responsive to signals of the combination having the second polarity to generate a control signal to control operation of the send switch and receive switch. According to a further aspect of the invention a call device including a microphone, a loudspeaker and a switch circuit for connecting the microphone and loudspeaker to a transmission line is characterised in that the switch circuit is as hereinbefore defined. An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a block diagram of a voice switching circuit and Figure 2 shows waveforms occurring in the operation of the switching circuit. In the drawing, a hybrid circuit D1 transmits or receives an AC signal VL depending upon the states of send and receive switches S and R connected respectively to a microphone MIC and a loudspeaker L/S. Switches S and R are identical and are voltage controlled amplifiers whose gain depends on control voltages Vx and Vy respectively. The control line for switch S is connected directly and the control line for switch R is connected through inverter D5 to a common control voltage Vx so that the switch S is at maximum gain and the switch R is at minimum gain when the control voltage Vx is high (Vy low) and the switch S is at minimum gain and the switch R is at maximum gain when the control voltage Vx is low (Vy high). Thus when one switch has high gain the other switch has low gain and vice versa. The switch block S includes a pre-amplifier with automatic gain control, a send switch and an amplifier with filtering to transmit allowed speech band frequencies. The switch block R includes an audio amplifier to drive the loudspeaker. A signal Vs (the envelope of which is shown in figure 2) from the microphone MIC and amplified by the switch S is fed via a coupling capacitor C3 to rectifier D2 whose output is fed to an integrating and smoothing network R1, C1 connected between the rectifier D2 and zero volts as shown. The resulting signal Vg (shown in Figure 2) is fed via scaling resistor R2 to an inverting input of an operational amplifier D3 configured as a precise positive rectifier by means of feedback paths provided by D6 and by R5, D7. A signal Vr on the receive side of the hybrid circuit D1 is fed via coupling capacitor C2 and scaling resistor R3 to the inverting input of D3. In the send mode the signal Vr is that due to leakage across the hybrid circuit D1 and thus is an attenuated signal Vs. In the receive mode the signal Vr is the signal Vl received from the line. The non-inverting input of D3 is connected to zero volts so that the amplifier D3 is not responsive to positive signals on its inverting input. The values of scaling resistors R2 and R3 are selected so that the signal Vg substantially cancels the negative component of the leakage signal Vr. The result is that the DC output voltage Vc of operational amplifier D3 is substantially zero in the send mode but is proportional to Vr in the receive mode. The voltage Vc is integrated by a resistor capacitor network R4, C4 connected between the output of operational amplifier D3 and zero volts. The time constant of R4, C4 is at least 300 ms and preferably about 1 second. The time constant of network R4, C4 governs the time taken to switch from receive to send mode and should be sufficiently long to integrate the peaks of speech but short enough t o be unobtrusive. Switching from send to receive is fast, being approximately 10 ms. The integrated voltage from network R4, C4 is fed to an inverting input of comparator D4 whose non-inverting input is connected to a reference voltage Vref. The state of comparator D4 determines the level of the control voltage Vx. The reference voltage Vref is maintained at a constant level such that in a quiescent state, when Vc is substantially zero, the voltage Vx will maintain switch S at high gain and switch R at low gain. In the send mode signals from the microphone MIC are amplified and sent to line via the 2-4 wire hybrid circuit D1. Whilst sending to line, a small proportion of the send signal Vs leaks to the receive side of the hybrid D1 and appears as a signal Vr received from line. To prevent this from interfering with the channel switch control signal Vx, Vs is rectified at D2, and the positive DC voltage Vg is fed to the summing input of D3 to cancel out the negative portion of the hybrid leakage signal Vr. The control voltage Vc will therefore be kept at zero volts during sending. When the amplitude of the signal Vr, received from line V1, exceeds the instantaneous magnitude of signal Vg, as shown at time t1 in Figure 2, the output Vc of operational amplifier D3 rises so that the control signal Vx output from operational amplifier D4 switches to a low value. With Vx at a low value, the switch S has low gain and switch R has high gain. While the capacitor C4 is maintained charged to a voltage Vc above the level of the reference voltage Vref by the received signal Vr the circuit is held in the receive mode. Any received signal from the line therefore overides any effect of a signal resulting from sounds picked up by the microphone. Under normal operating conditions, therefore, background noise at the microphone will not interfere with the switch control. The time constant of the resistor capacitor network R4, C4 is sufficiently long as to maintain the level of voltage Vc for short periods between successive burst of speech signal Vr. However when the amplitude of the received signal Vr falls to a relatively low level for a period of time sufficient to allow the charge on C4 to leak away so that the voltage Vc falls below the reference voltage Vref, the control signal Vx switches back to its quiescent state as shown at time t2 in Figure 2. The reference voltage Vref is derived from a steady potential source Vpot via resistor R6. A feedback path is provided from the output of amplifier D4 through diode D8 and resistor R7 to the non-inverting input of the amplifier. During the quiescent state when the circuit is in the send mode, control signal Vx is low and the reference voltage Vref is equal to the potential Vpot. However when the switching circuit is operated in response to a received signal Vr, Vx is high and the feedback from the output of amplifier D4 has the effect of decreasing the reference voltage Vref. This ensures that when the switching circuit has been switched by a received signal Vr of sufficient amplitude, as determined by the quiescent magnitude of Vref, the circuit remains in the receive mode provided the receive signal is of sufficient amplitude as determined by the decreased value of Vref. As a result the circuit remains in the receive mode even when the amplitude of the receive signal Vr falls below the amplitude necessary to switch the circuit initially from the send to receive mode. When the amplitude of receive signal Vr falls such that voltage Vc is less than the decreased magnitude of Vref, Vx goes low and reference voltage Vref returns to its quiescent value equal to Vpot. It will be appreciated that sounds emanating from the loudspeaker LS will be received by the microphone MIC. However these sounds and any others to which the microphone responds cannot cause switching of the circuit. Therefore the output of the loudspeaker may be as loud as is necessary to enable a partially deaf person to hear received speech. Also the microphone and the send channel may be made to have as high a sensitivity as is necessary to allow a person to speak at a distance from the call device. By providing automatic gain control in the send switch S, the amplitude of the signal Vs can be substantially independent of the amplitude of sound picked up by the microphone. Substantial cancellation of the effect of the leakage signal Vr by the signal Vg permits the switch control circuit to be arranged to be relatively sensitive to received signals so that switching from send to receive can be effected by relatively weak signals Vr. Various modifications may be made to the embodiment described without departing from the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims. For example, nurse call equipment may be provided in which calls may be made from a handset at a central nursing station to, for example, 4 to 30 beds via a destination selector and non-switched voice network, a nurse at the central station being heard by the patient irrespective of the noise level around the patient's bed. Similar communication may be provided between a hotel reception point and call units in the hotel bedrooms.

Claims: A switch circuit for a call device including:- a send channel; a receive channel; a connection circuit (D1) for connecting said send and receive channels to a transmission line for transmission of speech signals from said send channel to the transmission line and for reception of speech signals in said receive channel from the transmission line; first means (S) operable to control passage of speech signals in the send channel; second means (R) operable to control passage of speech signals in the receive channel; and control means (D3, D4) to operate the first means (S) and second means (R) to control passage of speech signals in the send and receive channels; characterised in that in a normal state the control means (D3, D4) maintains the first means (S) in a first state permitting passage of speech signals in the send channel to the connection circuit (D1) and maintains the second means (R) in a second state inhibiting passage of speech signals in the receive channel from the connection circuit (D1); in that the control means includes a first circuit (D3) to generate a control signal (Vc) having a magnitude dependent upon the magnitude of speech signals (Vr) received in the receive channel from the transmission line and a second circuit comprising a comparator (D4) to compare the magnitude of the control signal (Vc) with a reference potential (Vref) and in that the second circuit (D4) in response to the control signal exceeding the reference potential operates the first means (S) to inhibit passage of speech signals in the send channel and operates the second means (R) to permit passage of speech signals in the receive channel. A switch circuit as claimed in claim 1 further characterised in that the first circuit (D3) includes a network (R4,C4) to integrate the control signal, the network (R4,C4) having a time constant at least as long as the period between successive peaks of received speech signals whereby the switch circuit inhibits the send channel and enables the receive channel for the duration of the period between successive peaks of speech signals. A switch circuit as claimed in claim 1 or 2 further characterised in that the second circuit includes reference potential setting means (D4, D8,R7,R6, Vpot) to set the reference potential to a first value and in response to the control signal exceeding the first value to set the reference potential (Vref) to a second value lower than the first value. A switch circuit as claimed in any preceding claim further characterised in that the connection circuit (D1) is a hybrid circuit in which speech signals from the send channel result in the presence of leakage signals in the receive channel; in that the first circuit includes a network (C3,D2,R1,C1) to derive an integrated signal (Vg) from speech signals in the send channel; and scaling means (R2, R3) to sum the integrated signal and signals (Vr) from the receive channel so as to effect cancellation of the leakage signals whereby the magnitude of the control signal (Vc) is dependent upon the magnitude of speech signals received in the receive channel from the transmission line and is independent of the magnitude of leakage signals. A switch circuit as claimed in claim 4 further characterised in that leakage and speech signals in the receive channel are each of first and second opposite polarities; that the integrated signal (Vg) is of first polarity and in that the first control circuit includes a rectifier (D3) with an input connected to the scaling means (R2,R3), the rectifier being not responsive to signals of first polarity at the input. A switch circuit for a call device including a send channel; a receive channel; a hybrid circuit (D1) for connecting said send and receive channels to a transmission line, leakage in the hybrid resulting in a leakage signal appearing in the receive channel when a send signal (Vs) is present in the send channel; first switch means (S) in the send channel; second switch means (R) in the receive channel; first means (D2, R1, C1, R2) to rectify and integrate the send signal to produce a first signal (Vg) of first polarity; second means (R3, C2) to derive a second signal from signals present in the receive channel; and control means (D3, D4, R4, C4) responsive to the first and second signals to control switching of the send switch (S) and receive switch (R) characterised in that the second means (R3, C2) derives the second signal to be of first and second opposite polarities and in that the control means includes rectifier means (D3, D6, D7, R5) receiving a combination of the first and second signals, the rectifier means being responsive to signals of the combination having the second polarity to generate a control signal (Vc) to control operation of the switch (S) and switch (R). A switch circuit as claimed in claim 6 further characterised in that the rectifier means (D3, D6, D7, R5) includes an operational amplifier (D3) configured as a precision rectifier; said operational amplifier (D3) having first and second inputs, said first input being held at a fixed potential and said second input being connected to sum the first and second signals. A switch circuit as claimed in claim 6 or 7 further characterised in that the control means (D3, D4, R4, C4) includes a comparator (D4) to enable the switch (R) of the receive channel and to disable the switch (S) of the send channel in response to the control signal (Vc) having magnitude greater than a predetermined reference level (Vref). A call device including a microphone (MIC), a loudspeaker (L/S) and a switch circuit for connecting the microphone and loudspeaker to a transmission line characterised in that the switch circuit is as claimed in any preceding claim.

Inventors: ATAMIAN, HAGOP
Applicants: CASS GROUP PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: H04M9
IPC codes: H04M9, H04M11