COMPOSITIONS OF NEOCARZINOSTATIN DERIVATIVE FOR ORAL ADMINISTRATION

Abstract: A composition for non-injection administration comprises a neocarzinostatin derivative and medium to long chain fatty acid glycerides and may orally, intrarectally, intrathoracically or intraperitoneally be administered to cancer patients.

Description: This invention relates to a composition for oral administration comprised of a neocarzinostatin derivative (hereinafter abbreviated as SMANCS) having styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue. SMANCS is a derivative of neocarzinostatin (hereinafter abbreviated as NCS) as a proteinaceous anticancer substance, wherein carbonyl groups of styrenemaleic acid copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as SMA) are bonded to two primary amino groups existent in the molecule of NCS through acid amide (see EP-A-136791). That is, it is a cancerocidal substance having a reduced toxicity and improved pharmacological properties as compared with those of NCS. It has been considered that SMANCS cannot orally be administered because it is decomposed gastrically and intestinally by digestive juices as are other high molecular weight biogenic peptides and proteins, and has poor absorbability. Thus, SMANCS is generally administered by injection. In this case, however, pain is unavoidable to patients and also self-administration is impossible. Furthermore, for daily injections patients need to be hospitalized, and this situation results in more expense. Therefore, it is desired to develop the preparation of SMANCS composition for oral administration. It has been attempted to provide biogenic peptides for oral administration (for instance, JP-B-61-93,129 and EP-A-177342 disclose a preparation for oral administration comprising a lipotropic medium such as mineral oil and a gastrocolic absorption accelerator such as sodium salicylate). Since, however, SMANCS is obtained by bonding SMA as a polymer to NCS as a high molecular weight biogenic peptide, it is a very special cancerocidal substance possessing properties both as a peptide and as a polymer, so that a preparation for oral administration attempted for a simpler biogenic peptide cannot be applied to SMANCS. Indeed, we tried to prepare SMANCS with an oily substance such as a fatty acid, fatty acid alkyl ester, cholesterol or mineral oil for oral administration, but were unsuccessful. Antitumor drug compositions comprising a water soluble or sparingly oil soluble antitumor drug, a fat or oil vehicle and a solubiliser are described in GB -A-2114885 but are intended for administration into organ-feeding blood vessels and/or lymphatics. This invention provides a composition for oral administration comprising SMANCS and at least one medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride which is a mono-, di- or tri-glyceride of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having a carbon number of 6 to 20. The invention also provides a composition for oral administration comprising SMANCS, at least one said medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride and an amphiphilic agent. Here, SMANCS is a neocarzinostatin derivative represented by the formula: (SMA)-(NCS)-(SMA) wherein (NCS) is a divalent neocarzinostatin residue in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the primary amino group in (a) the alanine residue at the N-terminal of neocarzinostatin and (b) the lysine residue at the 20th position from the N-terminal of neocarzinostatin and (SMA) is a monovalent styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue, which may be partially half-esterified and consists of structural units of the formulae 1) a styrene residue of formula 2) a maleic acid residue of formula wherein the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to the neocarzinostatin residue; and 3), a) maleic acid residue of formula and optionally b) a half-esterified maleic acid residue of formula wherein R is a residue of an alcohol ROH which is an alkanol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether in which the alkyl group has 1 or 2 carbon atoms or a glycerine dialkyl ether wherein the alkyl group has 1 or 2 carbon atoms. The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a graph showing a change of Bu-SMANCS concentration in blood with time after oral administration of the composition according to the invention; and Fig. 2 is a graph showing a change of intracorporeal distribution of ¹⁴C glycine labelled Bu-SMANCS with time after oral administration. Details of SMANCS are disclosed in EP-A-136791 and EP-A-136792 and a typical example is a compound wherein the styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue as (SMA) is a half-butyl esterified styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue (hereinafter abbreviated as Bu-SMANCS). The medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride is mono-, di- or tri-glyceride of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having a carbon number of 6 to 20. As the fatty acid glyceride, mention may be made of mono-, di- and tri-glycerides of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. These fatty acid glycerides may be used alone or in admixture. Further, the fatty acid glyceride may be natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic substance. In general, it is convenient to use natural vegetable oils. As the preferred vegetable oil used in the invention, mention may be made of olive oil (oleic acid: 70∼85%, linoleic acid: 4∼l2%, palmitic acid: 7∼l5%), maize oil (linoleic acid: 40∼60%, palmitic acid: 25∼45%), sesame oil (oleic acid: 35∼46%, linoleic acid: 35∼48%), tsubaki oil, coconut oil (lauric acid: 45∼52%, capric acid: 4∼l2%, caprylic acid: 6∼l0%), palm oil and so on. Moreover, commercially available vegetable oils may be used as they are. The commercially available medium chain fatty acid triglyceride includes Panasate 875®, Panasate 8l0® and Panasate 800® (registered trade name) made by Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd. (content of caprilic acid: l0∼l00%), ODO® (registered trade name) made by Nisshin Seiyu K.K. (content of caprilic acid: 67%) and the like. The medium chain fatty acid monoglyceride includes Homoteks PT® (registered trade name) made by Kao Corporation (content of capric acid: about 60%) and so on. As a mixture of medium chain fatty acid monoglyceride and diglyceride, there are Witafrol® (registered trade name) made by Dinamit Nobel Corporation and so on. As the long chain fatty acid triglyceride, use may be made of commercially available olive oil, safflower oil and other edible oils. The amphiphilic agent is a non-toxic substance possessing hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, which includes, for example, natural ampholytic surfactant, polyglycerine fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester (Tween series), sorbitan fatty acid ester (Span series), polyethylene glycol and so on. As the natural ampholytic surfactant, use may be made of soybean phospholipid, yolk lecithin and analogous compounds such as phosphatidylcholine made by Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd., yolk lecithin, soybean lecithin, phosphatidylethanolamine and so on. Further, Unigli® (registered trade name) made by Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd. may be used as a polyglycerine fatty acid ester, and Tween 20® (registered trade name, sold by Wako Junyaku Kogyo K.K.) may be used as a polyoxyethylenesorbitan fatty acid ester, and Span 20® (registered trade name, sold by Wako Junyaku Kogyo K.K.) may be used as a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and PEG 6000 (trade name) may be used as a polyethylene glycol. Besides this, sodium lauryl sulfate may be used as an anion surfactant, and benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride, Azone® (registered trade name, made by Nelson Res. & Dev. Co.) may be used as a cation surfactant. In the preparation of the composition according to the invention, a lyophilized powder of SMANCS is added to the medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride and uniformly dispersed thereinto. When using the amphiphilic agent, it may be added at any stage. That is, SMANCS and the amphiphilic agent may be mixed in water and then lyophilized in the production of the SMANCS lyophilized powder, or the amphiphilic agent may be added to the medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride before the mixing with the SMANCS lyophilized powder. This is applicable to a case of using two or more amphiphilic agents. An example of preparation of the composition according to the invention is as follows: (a) The lyophilized powder of SMANCS is added to the medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride previously mixed or not mixed with the amphiphilic agent and then uniformly dispersed thereinto to form an oily composition. Moreover, the lyophilized powder of SMANCS as a starting material is obtained by lyophilizing an aqueous solution of SMANCS in a usual manner. (b) SMANCS and amphiphilic agent are mixed in water. Preferably, the aqueous solution of SMANCS is mixed with the aqueous solution of amphiphilic agent at equal weight. Then, the resulting mixture is lyophilized and added to the medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride previously mixed or not mixed with the amphiphilic agent and uniformly dispersed thereinto to form an oily composition. In the uniform dispersion, the shake-agitation is continued till the sufficient dispersed state is visually confirmed. For instance, the shake-agitation is carried out by an ultrasonic treatment using an ultrasonic generator. Moreover, in order to enhance the uniform dispersibility in the composition according to the invention, a lower alcohol such as ethanol or the like may previously be added to the medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride. The above procedures are carried out at room temperature or under cooling, e.g. in an ice-water bath, whereby the composition according to the invention can be prepared. According to the invention, the amount of the fatty acid glyceride used is about 0.l∼l00 mℓ, preferably 0.5∼5 mℓ per l mg of SMANCS. The addition of the amphiphilic agent is not necessarily required, but it provides a good oil-wetting effect to increase the dispersion solubility and hence form a stable composition, and brings about the absorption promoting effect. The amount of the amphiphilic agent added is changed in accordance with the kind thereof, but it is usually 0.0l∼0.l mℓ in case of a liquid agent and 0.05∼5 mg in case of a solid agent per l mg of SMANCS. Moreover, the amount of the lower alcohol added for enhancing the dispersibility is 0.0l∼0.5 mℓ, preferably 0.05∼0.2 mℓ per l mg of SMANCS. The oily composition according to the invention is stable physically and chemically. That is, sediments are not observed even when the composition is subjected to a centrifugal separation at room temperature and 5,000 rpm for l5 minutes or is left to stand at 37°C for one month. Further, the anticancer activity of SMANCS is not reduced even when the composition is stored at 4°C or room temperature under shading for at least 3 months. Moreover, even when the composition is subjected to temperature change of 4°C and room temperature every 24 hours ten times, no change is visually observed and the titer is stable. As mentioned above, the composition according to the invention has excellent stability and makes possible to administer SMANCS orally, whereby the utility value of SMANCS as an anticancer agent is more enhanced. The effect of the composition according to the invention will concretely be described by the following animal experiments. (I) Test for anticancer activity: The anticancer activities against RL ♂ l murine solid tumor, S-l80 murine solid tumor, S-l80 murine ascites-type tumor and Meth A murine solid tumor are set forth with their experimental methods. (l) Inhibition effect against RL ♂ l murine solid tumor Experimental method: After l0⁶ RL ♂ l tumor cells were subcutaneously transplanted into a ventral side portion of BALB/c mouse (8 week age), a medication to be tested as mentioned later was administered to the mouse one time per day from next day of the transplantation over a week. After 2l days of the tumor transplantation, the mouse was killed to measure the tumor weight. The measured results are shown in the following Table l. (2) Inhibition effect against S-l80 murine solid tumor Experimental method: After l0⁶ S-l80 tumor cells were subcutaneously transplanted into a ventral side portion of ddY mouse (l group: l0 mice), a medication to be tested was administered to the mouse one time per day from next day of the transplantation over a week. In l7 days after the transplantation, the tumor portion was extirpated to measure the weight. The measured results are shown in the following Table 2. (3) Inhibition effect against S-l80 murine ascites-type tumor Experimental method: After l0⁶ S-l80 tumor cells were intraabdominally transplanted into ddY mouse (8 week age), a medication to be tested was administered to the mouse one time per day from next day of the transplantation over a week. In l2 days after the transplantation, the mice were killed to measure the tumor weight. The measured results are shown in the following Table 3. (4) Inhibition effect against Meth A murine solid tumor After l0⁶ Meth A murine tumor cells were subcutaneously transplanted into a ventral side portion of BALB/c mouse (8 week age), a medication to be tested was administered to the mouse one time per day from next day of transplantation over a week. In l4 days after transplantation, the mice were killed to measure the tumor weight. The measured results are shown in the following Table 4. (II) Transport of oily Bu-SMANCS into the blood after the oral administration: The concentration of Bu-SMANCS in the blood was measured by bioassay or radioactivity analysis. The following results were obtained. (l) Measurement of bioactivity (a) Test method and results using bacterium To a mouse (ddY, 8 week age) was orally and forcedly administered l.0 mℓ of the composition in Preparation Example 5 as mentioned later (containing 4 mg/mℓ of oily Bu-SMANCS) through a stainless stomach tube. After the administration, blood (or plasma) was taken out every given time and then the bioactivity of Bu-SMANCS in the blood was measured by using Micrococcus luteus according to a method described by H. Maeda, J. Takeshita and A. Yamashita, Eur. J. Cancer, l6 , pp 723-73l, l980. At 3 hours after the administration, the bioactivity in blood became maximum, and the drug concentration in blood equal to that through intravenous injection was obtained. From this fact, it is considered that the orally administered oily Bu-SMANCS is easily absorbed by a bowel a nd distributed via the general circulation and lymphatic system in the whole body. The concentration of Bu-SMANCS in plasma after 3 hours of administration is shown in the following Table 5. (b) Test method and results using culture cell To a mouse (ddY, 8 week age) fasted over more than l2 hours was orally and forcedly administered l.0 mℓ of a composition in Preparation Example 28 as mentioned later (containing 4 mg/mℓ of Bu-SMANCS) or l.0 mℓ of an aqueous solution of Bu-SMANCS in physiological saline (containing 4 mg/mℓ of Bu-SMANCS) as an aqueous intravenous injection positive control (PBS: phosphate buffered 0.l5M saline) through a stainless stomach tube. After the administration, 30 µℓ of blood was drawn from a tail vena of the mouse at 0, l, 3, 5, 7, 9 or l2 hours and added to 300 µℓ of a culture medium containing culture cells. The culture cells were prepared by diluting EB virus-transformed B lymophoblastomid cells at logarithmic growth phase in the culture medium at a concentration of 2×l0⁵ cells/mℓ and pouring the resulting dilution into each of 96 holes in a plastic plate (Falcon) in an amount of 300 µℓ. After the addition of blood, the plate was cultured at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% of CO₂ and 95% air. After two days of culture, they were stained with trypan blue and the number of living cells were counted, from which a survival rate was calculated. Then, the concentration of Bu-SMANCS in the blood was measured from the standard curve. The results are shown in Fig. l, wherein mark  shows results using the composition according to the invention and mark ○ shows results using SMANCS in aqueous (PBS) form administered orally as control. Two mice for each point were used. As seen from Fig. l, the composition according to the invention gave prolonged retention time of Bu-SMANCS in blood through oral administration as compared with the aqueous (PBS) oral administration as control. The oily formulation according to the invention gave much higher plasma concentration. Furthermore, the area under curve of the concentration in the plasma is increased greatly to ll fold. (2) Activation analysis (i) Preparation of ¹⁴C glycine labelled Bu-SMANCS l8.3 mg of Bu-SMANCS was dissolved in l.0 g of distilled water, to which was added l9.9 mg of water-soluble carbodiimide and after 30 minutes, 0.l mg of l4C glycine (l.5 mℓ aqueous solution: New England Nuclear Corp., ll3.0 m Ci/m moℓ) was added. The resulting solution was adjusted with an aqueous solution of lM NaHCO₃ so as to make pH about 6 and reacted at room temperature for l hour with stirring. After the reaction was stopped by adding l.0 mℓ of lM acetic acid buffer solution (pH=6.0), the reaction product was desalted by a Sephadex® G-25 column (2.3×l0 cm) and then lyophilized to obtain a fluffy sample (l6.7 mg of ¹⁴C glycine labelled Bu-SMANCS). It gave a specific radioactivity of l.27 µ Ci/mg, wherein one glycine was mainly introduced into one molecule of Bu-SMANCS. This single sample is a stable compound wherein glycine is bonded to carboxyl group of Bu-SMANCS through amide bond. (ii) Animal experiment through oral administration A composition of Preparation Example 2 as mentioned later was prepared by using the above ¹⁴C glycine labelled Bu-SMANCS. Then, 0.l mℓ (0.64 µ Ci) of this composition was forcedly and orally administered to a mouse (ddY♂, 8 week age) through a stainless stomach tube. After the administration, the mouse was killed at l, 3, 7 or 24 hours to measure the radioactivity in plasma and major organs. The measured results are shown in Fig. 2, wherein mark Δ is the liver; ○, the blood plasma; □, the kidney and ⋄, the stomach. Moreover, the radioactivity is represented by dpm per l.0 g of tissue. Fig. 2 shows that the composition according to the invention is efficiently transferred into the blood and each intracorporeal tissues likewise the aforementioned data of bioassay. As mentioned above, the composition according to the invention exhibited an excellent anticancer effect through the oral administration. As a clinical application to human, the composition according to the invention is prepared into a appropriate formulation such as capsule, soft capsule, tablet, granule, or liquid, which is administered to a cancer patient by oral administration. The administration is carried out every day or every other day l to 5 times per day in such a manner that a dose per time of SMANCS is 0.l∼l00 mg. The composition according to the invention can be applied to solid tumor as well as liquid tumor (leukemia) and ascitic tumor. The preparation of the composition according to the invention will be explained with following examples. In these examples, Bu-SMANCS is used as SMANCS, but similar results may be obtained by using the other SMANCS. Preparation Method l To the lyophilized powder of Bu-SMANCS was added the medium to long chain fatty acid glycerides previously mixed with the amphiphilic agent, and the resulting mixture was shaken till dispersed completely as confirmed visually. In this case, the ultrasonic treatment was carried out by using a chip-type ultrasonic generator, Model UR-l50P: Tomy Seiki K.K. The time required was no more than 30 seconds. Preparation Method 2 40 mg of the amphiphilic agent was dissolved in 5 mℓ of distilled water by the ultrasonic treatment, and the aqueous solution of l% ammonium carbonate was added dropwise to adjust pH to about 8. The resulting solution was mixed with a solution of Bu-SMANCS powder (4 mg/mℓ) dissolved in aqueous solution of 0.02% ammonium carbonate under ice cooling at an equal weight ratio under stirring, which was then lyophilized. The resulting lyophilized powder was added to the medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride and subjected to an ultrasonic treatment in ice for 30 seconds. The composition according to the invention having a composit ratio shown in the Table 6 was obtained by the above preparation method l or 2. Preparation Example 28 4 mg of Bu-SMANCS and 8mg of phosphatidylcholine as an amphiphilic agent were mixed in water and then lyophilized. The resulting lyophilized powder was added to l mℓ of Panasate 875® (medium chain fatty acid glyceride) containing 0.05 mℓ of Unigli GO-206® (amphiphilic agent, polyglycerine (6) dioleate) and uniformly dispersed thereinto by the ultrasonic treatment in ice.

Claims: A composition suitable for oral administration comprising a neocarzinostatin derivative , and at least one medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride which is a mono-, di- or tri-glyceride of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having a carbon number of 6 to 20, said neocarzinostatin derivative being represented by the formula: (SMA)-(NCS)-(SMA) ,wherein (NCS) is a divalent neocarzinostatin residue in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the primary amino group in (a) the alanine residue at the N-terminal of neocarzinostatin and (b) the lysine residue at the 20th position from the N-terminal of neocarzinostatin and (SMA) is a monovalent styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue, which may be partially half-esterified, and consists of structural units of the formulae 1) a styrene residue of formula 2) a maleic acid residue of formula wherein the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is bonded to the neocarzinostatin residue; and 3), a) a maleic acid residue of formula and optionally b) a half-esterified maleic acid residue of formula ,wherein R is a residue of an alcohol ROH which is an alkanol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether in which the alkyl group has 1 or 2 carbon atoms or a glycerine dialkyl ether wherein the alkyl group has 1 or 2 carbon atoms. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue is a monovalent partially halfbutylesterified styrene-maleic acid copolymeric residue. A composition according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride comprises a triglyceride of at least one fatty acid having a carbon number of 6 to 20. A composition according to claim 3, wherein said medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride comprises caprilic acid triglyceride and/or capric acid triglyceride. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims which also comprises at least one amphiphilic agent. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims which also comprises a lower alcohol, preferably a C₁-C₄ alcohol. A method of preparing a composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which comprises adding a lyophilized powder of the neocarzinostatin derivative to the glyceride and uniformly dispersing the powder therein, either or both of the powder and glyceride being optionally premixed. The use in the preparation of a composition for oral administration of a neocarzinostatin derivative as defined in claim 1 and at least one medium to long chain fatty acid glyceride as defined in claim 1.

Inventors: MAEDA, HIROSHI, OKA, KIICHIRO, SUZUKI, FUJIO, TANAKA, SHOHEI
Applicants: KAYAKU ANTIBIOTICS RESEARCH CO., LTD., KURARAY CO., LTD., MAEDA, HIROSHI, YAMANOUCHI PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: A61K37
IPC codes: A61K47