FAST FILL VALVING MECHANISM FOR A MASTER CYLINDER

Abstract: The master cylinder (10) comprises a housing (12) having a longitudinal bore (14), an end (24) en­ closed by a bearing member (18) which retains a sleeve member (20) within the bore (14), a reservoir (70) mounted on the housing (12) and a pair of pistons (30, 40) slidably received within the bore (14), one piston (30) extending through the end (24) of the sleeve member (20). The one piston (30) has a reduced diameter end (32) which provides seating for a fast fill valving mech­ anism (110). The fast fill valving mechanism (110) com­ prises a fast fill seal (120) having a flexible arm (122) engaging an interior surface of the sleeve member (20) and the sleeve member (20) having longitudinal grooves (22) adjacent the arm (122), a fast fill spring member (140) trapped between the fast fill seal (120) and a land member (130), the land member (130) having pockets (132) covered by the fast fill spring member (140) and the pockets (132) communicating with passages (133) in the land member (130). The land member (130) engages a flex­ ible seal (90) engaging an interior surface (23) of the sleeve member (20). Displacement of the one piston (30) within the bore (14) creates an increasing pressure which will, at a predetermined higher pressure, cause the fast fill spring member (140) to bow into the pockets (132) and permit fluid passage therearound and through the land member (130) to an auxiliary chamber (170) defined by the land member (130), flexible seal (90), and the sleeve member (20).

Description: The present invention relates to a fast fill valving mechanism for a master cylinder, particularly a master cylinder which has a short length and compact structure. Prior art master cylinders usually require an initial period of actuation that produces a hydraulic pressure and fluid displacement which places the wheel brakes in position for the initiation of braking. In other words, a certain amount of hydraulic fluid must be displaced by the master cylinder through the system in order to merely place the pistons and associated brake equipment in position for the initiation of braking. It is highly desirable to provide a master cylinder construction which when actuated effects a quick or "fast fill" of the associated brake lines and braking apparatuses so that the brakes are ready immediately for the commencement of braking. The result is a more quickly responsive braking system because the fast fill construction eliminates a longer brake pedal stroke necessary for effecting the displacement of fluid within the brake system. Prior master cylinder constructions providing for a "fast fill" of the braking system typically include a ball valve and other such devices. These structures are speed sensitive because a slow actuation of the brakes permits fluid leakage through the valving and thus fails to effectively accomplish the desired transmittal of brake fluid to the brake system. Also, these constructions typically cannot limit the fast fill function of the master cylinder so that at a given point in the actuation cycle the fast fill function is terminated. U.S. Patent No. 4,559,781 which corresponds to the preamble of claim 1 illustrates a type of flexible seal for a master cylinder having a fast fill function. It is desirable to provide a fast fill mechanism for a short master cylinder which will provide solutions to the above problems and which will be easily assembled and cost less than prior fast fill master cylinder constructions. The present invention comprises a master cylinder according to the features of claim 1, comprising a master cylinder housing with a bore extending axially therein, a reservoir providing fluid for said bore, an end of said housing having a bearing member attached thereto and retaining a sleeve member within said bore, a pair of pistons associated with said master cylinder housing and one of said pistons extending through an opening in said bearing member, an end of said one piston having a fast fill seal, spring member, and land member disposed thereat between the end of the one piston and the sleeve member, the fast fill seal having a plurality of through openings and the seal engaging said land member, the land member having a plurality of pockets adjacent and communicating with respective through openings, the pockets having passage means, the spring member disposed between the fast fill seal and land member which is engaged by the fast fill seal, movement of said one piston effecting increased pressure within an associated pressure chamber of said master cylinder and causing said spring member to extend within the pockets at a predetermined pressure and allow pressure within said chamber to be communicated through said through openings, pockets and passage means. One way of carrying out the invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings which illustrate an embodiment in which: Figure 1 is a section view of the master cylinder of the present invention; Figure 2 is an illustration of the fast fill spring member; Figure 3 is an end view of the land mechanism; Figures 4a-d illustrate progressively the operation of the fast fill valving mechanism from the fully released or rest position to venting effected during return to the released position. The master cylinder of the present invention is designated generally by the reference numeral 10 in Figure 1. Master cylinder 10 includes a housing 12 having therein a longitudinal bore 14 with an open end 16. Open end 16 threadably receives a bearing member 18 which positions a sleeve member 20 within the bore 14. Bearing member 18 extends radially inwardly at end 24 to provide an opening 26 through which extends a first or primary piston 30. First piston 30 is spaced-apart from second piston 40 by a top hat construction 50 which includes spring 55. Second piston 40 is spaced apart from bore end 15 by a top hat construction 51 which includes spring 56. A reservoir 70 is disposed atop and attached to the housing 12, and comprises a reservoir, fluid level lever 72 and sensor 73 that is described within copending Patent Application Serial No. 740,668 which is incorporated herein by reference. The bearing member 18 includes a longitudinal groove or passageway 19 between the interior surface of the bearing member and sleeve member 20, as described previously in U. S. Patent No. 4,474,005 incorporated herein by reference. Hydraulic fluid contained within reservoir 70 may communicate through reservoir opening 74, housing opening 76, and passageway 19. Reservoir opening 75 provides for hydraulic fluid communication to the bore 14 via a housing opening 77. Second piston 40 includes at an end 41 a flexible seal 42 which engages the interior surface of bore 14, a retainer 43 which includes a radial opening 44 communicating with housing opening 77 and reservoir opening 75, and a seal member 45 engaging the interior of bore 14. Bore 14, second piston 40, seal 42, retainer 43, and seal 45 define a second pressure chamber 48 which communicates with an outlet 49. Bearing member 18 is threadably engaged with housing end 16 and further includes a seal 17. The primary piston 30 includes a stepped-down or reduced diameter section 31 located at piston end 32. A retainer 80 is located between the bearing end 24 and piston 30, the retainer 80 having a radial opening 82 which communicates with passageway 19. Retainer 80 abuts and positions a flexible seal 90 which is maintained axially in place by a ring member 100. Ring member 100 abuts shoulders 21 of longitudinal grooves 22 disposed in sleeve 20. Thus, ring member 100 assists retainer 80 in positioning axially flexible seal 90 at end 24 of bearing member 18. Disposed on piston end 32 is a fast fill valving mechanism indicated generally by reference numeral 110. Fast fill valving mechanism 110 comprises a fast fill seal 120 which is an annular member having an annular flexible arm 122 and a plurality of through openings 123 (see Figure 4a). Through openings 123 are aligned with openings 124 located within insert 125. Seal 120 abuts end 131 of land member 130. Land member 130 is a longitudinally extending annular member having a plurality of axial pockets 132 aligned with axial passages 133. The axial passages 133 are aligned with axial grooves 134. Trapped between the abutting seal 120 and land member 130 is fast fill spring member or resilient member 140 illustrated in Figure 2. Fast fill spring member 140 comprises an annular member which has split ends that overlap one another at 142. Thus, the spring member is able to expand circumferentially without the ends separating from one another. The reduced diameter section 31 of piston 30 defines a shoulder 33 which cooperates with a retainer 150 snapped onto the end 32 of piston 30. Retainer 150 and shoulder 33 have positioned therebetween the fast fill seal 120, fast fill spring member 140 and land member 130. Land member 130, flexible seal 90, sleeve surface 23 and shoulder 21 of sleeve member 20 define an auxliary chamber 170. When the master cylinder is in the released or unactuated position illustrated in Figure 4a, the auxiliary chamber 170 is free to communicate with passageway 19 because hydraulic fluid may flow through axial grooves 134, around the interior diameter of flexible seal 90, past shoulder 33, through the slight separation between the interior diameter of retainer 80 and exterior surface of piston 30, and through the radial opening 82. Likewise, auxiliary chamber 170 communicates freely with a primary pressure chamber 88 defined by the rear portion of second piston 40, sleeve member 20, fast fill valving mechanism 110, and piston 30. Fluid may flow from chamber 88 past flexible arm 122 of seal 120, through groove 22 and around the end of the land member 130 to auxiliary chamber 170. Referring to Figure 3, land member 130 comprises a plurality of pockets 132 which communicate with the axial passages 133. When fast fill spring member 140 is disposed over pockets 132, the fast fill spring member effectively prevents fluid communication through openings 123 to pockets 132. The fast fill spring member is split to provide overlapping ends 142 which ensure continuous support for the fast fill seal 120 disposed over pockets 132. Fast fill seal 120 is maintained in place by the retainer part 150 which abuts insert 125. Retainer part 150 may comprise an integral part of end 32 of piston 30. Master cylinder 10 operates according to the following steps: Figure 4a illustrates the master cylinder in the at-rest position and also when the components thereof have returned to a fully released position at the end of a braking cycle. It should be noted that there is free communication and venting past flexible arm 122 through grooves 22 to chamber 170, through axial groove 134, and between the interior diameter of retainer 80 and exterior surface of piston 30 to radial opening 82. When a push rod (not shown) coupled with primary piston 30 is actuated in order to commence a braking cycle, piston 30 moves inwardly of bore 14 as illustrated in Figure 4b. The shoulder 33 moves axially past the interior diameter of flexible seal 90 to close any compensation or venting flow through radial opening 82, and flexible arm 122 is displaced past grooves 22 to terminate fluid flow around arm 122. The effective piston pressure area is the outside diameter of the fast fill seal 120. Additional travel of piston 30 displaces a larger volume of hydraulic fluid than would be displaced normally by the outside diameter of piston 30. During the additional travel, the volume between the fast fill seal 120 and the flexible seal 90 increases, i.e. the volume of chamber 170 increases. Fluid is drawn into this chamber from the reservoir by means of the passage 19 and the pumping capability or inward radial movement of flexible arm 93 of seal 90. As illustrated in Figure 4b, fluid flow follows the arrows into auxiliary chamber 170. Fluid cannot return to the reservoir 70 because the flexible arm 93 comprises a one-way valve which seals against the inside surface 23 of sleeve member 20. Therefore, during the actuation of the master cylinder, and regardless of the stroke rate of the pistons, there is no loss of fluid (in particular fast fill fluid volume) to the reservoir 70 as would occur with conventional master cylinders. Conventional master cylinders tend to be speed or application-rate sensitive because the fast fill fluid volume may leak back toward the reservoir and thus defeat the purpose of the fast fill mechanism. The present invention is not speed or application-rate sensitive. The pistons may be applied at a very slow rate and the fast fill valving mechanism will work effectively. As the pressures increase within chambers 88 and 48 during actuation of pistons 30 and 40, fluid pressure in chamber 88 pushes fast fill spring member 140 away from surface 127 of seal 120 and into pockets 132. Thus, fluid pressure within chamber 88 is permitted to escape through openings 123, past the radial edges of fast fill spring 140, through pockets 132 and passages 133 to chamber 170 (see Figure 4c). Once the fast fill procedure of the master cylinder has been accomplished, it is desirable to vent a portion of the fast fill fluid pressure because at a higher braking pressure it is desirable to keep the forces reacted to the brake pedal at a lower level. The pressure within chamber 170 will be less than the pressure within chamber 88 by an amount approximating the value of the fast fill relief pressure. Appoximately 100 psi is the normal pressure utilized by current conventional fast fill master cylinders. This 100 psi is the pressure that will push or bow fast fill spring member 140 into the pockets 132 of land member 130 so that fluid within chamber 88 may flow to auxiliary chamber 170. The present invention also provides a limitation to the extent the fast fill function may be effected. Sleeve member 20 has a longitudinal groove 28 which extends from an outlet port 89 toward the bearing member 18. When the piston 30 has been displaced to the extent that flexible arm 122 of seal 120 may enter into groove 28, seal 120 no longer provides any sealing effect and the only pressure effected within chamber 88 is that which is effected by the outer diameter of piston 30. By reducing the effective area of piston 30 to only its outer diameter, pressure output to the brakes may be increased. At this point in the actuation of this master cylinder, the brake pedal is almost at a fully depressed position and it is desirable that the vehicle operator be able to effect as high a pressure as desired, and this is accomplished by reducing the effective area of piston 30 to only its outer diameter. As the push rod (not shown) is released so that the pistons 40 and 30 may return toward their at-rest position illustrated in Figure 4a, the volume of fluid contained between fast fill seal 120 and flexible seal 90 decreases as the volume of auxiliary chamber 170 decreases. At the same time, the volume of pressure chamber 88 is increasing. As illustrated in Figure 4d, fluid may flow from auxiliary chamber 170 through longitudinal grooves 22 and past flexible arm 122 of seal 120, in addition to flowing through axial passages 133, pockets 132, and slightly around the radial ends of spring member 140 and through openings 123. When the respective components reach their at-rest position illustrated in Figure 4a, all pressure is vented and any fast fill fluid excess is vented toward the reservoir 70. As is apparent from the above description, fast fill spring member 140 is a split ring which permits circumferential movement and axial deflection thereof. The relief pressure of approximately 100 psi is determined via the deflection rate of the fast fill spring member. The size of through openings 123 will affect the force which deflects the member 140. The hardness of seal 120 and the thickness of seal 120 between insert 125 and spring member 140 will also affect the amount of deflection required for spring member 140 to separate from the surface 127 of seal 120.

Claims: A master cylinder, comprising a master cylinder housing (12) with a bore (14) extending axially therein, a reservoir (70) providing fluid for said bore (14), an end (16) of said (12) housing having a bearing member (18), a piston end (32) of said one piston (30) having a fast fill seal (120), a resilient member (140), and a land member (130) disposed thereat between the piston end (32) and the sleeve member (20), displacement of the one piston (30) effecting increased pressure within the bore (14) and causing the resilient member (140) to deform at a predetermined pressure and permitting pressure in the bore (14) to be communicated to the reservoir (70) around the resilient member (140), characterized in that the fast fill seal (120) has first through openings (123) communicating with pockets (132) in the land member (130), the pockets (132) communicate with passages (133) in the land member (130), the resilient member (140) is located between the fast fill seal (120) and the land member (130) and deforms into the pockets (132) such that the pressure in the bore (14) is communicated through the through openings (123), and through the pockets (132) and the passages (133) in the land member with the reservoir (70). The master cylinder in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that an end of the sleeve member (20) has therein a longitudinal groove (28), displacement of the one piston (30) moving the fast fill seal (120) into alignment with the groove (28) so that fluid may flow past the seal (120). The master cylinder in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the land member (130) is disposed between the piston end (32) and a flexible seal (90) which engages said sleeve member (20). The master cylinder in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that a retainer (80) is disposed between the piston end (32) and sleeve member (20), the retainer (80) having a second through opening (82) permitting fluid communication therethrough. The master cylinder in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the other (40) of said pistons (30, 40) has a further retainer (43) disposed thereabout, the further retainer (43) having a third through opening (44) permitting fluid communication with the reservoir (70). The master cylinder in accordance with claim 3, further comprising a ring member (100) disposed within said sleeve member (20) and about the end (32) of the one piston (30), the ring member (100) engaging a portion of said flexible seal (90). The master cylinder in accordance with claim 6, wherein the other end of the sleeve member (20) includes a groove (22), one end of the groove (22) being engaged by a flexible portion (122) of said fast fill seal (120) and the other end of the groove (22) having a shoulder (21) abutting the ring member (100). The master cylinder in accordance with claim 6, wherein the other end of the sleeve member (20), the flexible seal (90), and the land member (130) define an auxiliary chamber (170).

Inventors: STEER, JOHN EVAN C/O ALLIED CORPORATION
Applicants: ALLIED-SIGNAL INC. (A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
Application year: 1987
Main classification: B60T11
IPC codes: B60T11