BAG CONTAINING A POWDERY OR PARTICULATE ELASTOMER MATERIAL

Abstract: Polymer compositions can be prepared by compounding a polymer with a polymeric or non-polymeric additive at a temperature of from 100°C to 220°C. At least one component of the composition is in a powder or particulate form and is packed in a bag of which the main component is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form from 85 to 98 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and from 15 to 2 weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof. The bag containing the powdery or parti­ culate component is introduced into the compounding equip­ ment without unpacking the contents.

Description: Background of the Invention The present invention relates to a bag containing powdery or particulate elastomer material. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a polymer composition by compounding a polymer with a poly­ meric or non-polymeric additive at a temperature of from 100°C to 220°C wherein at least one component of the composition is in a powder or particulate form. Processes for preparing a polymer composition by compounding a polymer with a polymeric or non-polymeric additive have been known for a long time. Polymer composi­ tions which are typically used for preparing moulded, extruded or calendered goods, for example cables, sheets, hoses or films, usually contain one or more types of polymers and additives such as pigments, fillers, stabi­ lisers, antioxidants or lubricants. In order to produce such goods of a high quality, it is necessary that the components of the composition are thoroughly mixed. This can be achieved by homogenously blending or compounding the composition after having heated it, for example to a temperature of from 100°C to 220°C. The components of the desired composition are typically delivered in containers such as drums or bags to the compounding equipment, the containers are opened and their content is introduced into the compounding equipment. It has been known for a long time that unpacking powdery or particulate materials can cause problems, such as spilled material, sometimes even dust explosions or health risks when the dusty air is inhaled. Some materials are sticky so that they form lumps or are caked together. Although there is generally no danger of a dust explosion, unpacking these sticky materials is often inconvenient since the cake or lumps can break apart and the material can be spilled. European patent application 0 076 521 and US patent 4,248,348 address to these problems. In European patent application 0 076 521 it has been suggested to package bales of vulcanised or unvucanised rubber or compounding ingredients therefore in bags made from syndiotactic 1, 2-polybutadiene. The bags are said to be compatible with a rubber compound and the bags can be introduced into a mixer together with their contents. The European patent application further discloses that bags made from syndio­ tactic 1, 2-polybutadiene block together and that it is virtually impossible to open the bags for filling unless antiblock and slip agents are employed for manufacturing the bags. US patent 4,248,348 discloses a package which comprises unvulcanised rubber or compounding ingredients for unvulcanised rubber and a protective film made of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. The film material is said to be dispersible in the rubber, however, the film material must contain an antiblock agent. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide further types of bags which are suitable for packaging a powdery or particulate elastomer material in order to avoid the problems caused by unpacking this material. Summary of the Invention One aspect of the invention is a bag containing a powdery or particulate elastomer material characterised in that the elastomer material has a Mooney viscosity of up to 120, measured at a temperature between 100°C and 125°C, and the main component of the bag is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form a) from 85 to 98 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and b) from 15 to 2 weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof. Surprisingly, it has been found that the bag material is compatible with any powdery or particulate elastomer material having a Mooney viscosity of up to 120, measured at a temperature between 100°C and 125°C when such an elastomer material is compounded in the below described process of the present invention. Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparing a polymer composition by compounding a polymer with a polymeric or non-polymeric additive at a temperature of from 100°C to 220°C wherein at least one component of the composition is in a powder or particulate form which process is characterised in that at least a part of the components in powder or particulate form is packed in a bag of which the main component is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form a) from 85 to 98 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and b) from 15 to 2 weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof and the bag containing the powdery or particulate component is introduced into the compounding equipment. It has been found that not only can problems of safety and spilling be avoided by introducing bags containing the powdery or particulate component directly into the com­ pounding equipment without opening them, but also the bag itself is dispersible evenly in the polymer composition at a temperature of from 100°C to 220°C. Furthermore, the process of the present invention allows easy addition of the desired amounts of components by counting the number of bags which contain a defined amount of packed material. The material in the bag can easily be transported to the compounding equipment, for example on conveyer lines. Detailed description of the Invention The main component of the bag is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form a) from 85, preferably from 90, weight percent and up to 98, preferably to 95, weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and b) from 2, preferably from 5, weight percent, and up to 15, preferably to 10, weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof. Suitable olefin monomers are those having generally from 2 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule. Beneficially, the olefin monomers are 1-alkenes having from 2 to 18 and preferably from 2 to 8 carbon atoms per molecule. Desir­ ably, the olefin monomer is ethylene, propylene, 1-butene or 1, 3-butadiene. More desirably, the olefin monomer is ethylene or propylene. Ethylene is the most preferred olefin monomer. The olefin copolymer suitable for use in the present invention contains at least one of the above described olefin monomers. It is sometimes desirable for the olefin copolymer to contain more than one of the above described olefin monomers, however, the total amount of these olefin monomers does not exceed 98 percent, based on the total weight of the olefin copolymer. Exemplary of suitable combinations of more than one of the above des­ cribed olefin monomers are ethylene and propylene; ethylene and 1-butene; and ethylene or propylene and a diene. The olefin copolymer comprises acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof in the above mentioned amount. Preferred ionomers are the zinc, sodium or magnesium ionomers. Acrylic acid is the most preferred comonomer. The density of the olefin copolymer is generally from 0.91, preferably from 0.92 g/cm² to 0.95, preferably to 0.94 g/cm³, measured according to ASTM method D-1505. The melt index is preferably from 0.1, more preferably from 1 g/10 min., to 30, more preferably to 20 g/10 min., measured according to ASTM method D-1238. The olefin copolymer can be prepared by methods well known in the art. Typically it is produced by a gas phase polymerisation process in a high pressure autoclave. The main component of the bag is the olefin copolymer described above. This means that at least 80 weight per­ cent, preferably at least 90 weight percent, more prefer­ ably at least 95 weight percent, most preferably at least 98 weight percent of the bag material is the olefin co­ polymer described above. The bag material can comprise additives such as plasticisers, antioxidants, heat stabi­ lisers, light stabilisers, pigments, processing aids, lubricants, fillers, antiblocking agents or slip agents. The bag can contain any elastomer material which is in powdery or in particulate form having a Mooney viscosity of up to 120, measured at a temperature between 100°C and 125°C. By powdery or particulate elastomer material it is meant a material with an average particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 6 mm, more preferably less than 2 mm and most preferably less than 1 mm. The Mooney vis­ cosity is measured on a Mooney viscosimeter. High viscosity elastomers are typically measured at a temperature of 120°C or 125°C. Low viscosity elastomers are usually measured at 100°C. One Mooney corresponds to 8.46 g·m±0.02 g·m. The elastomer material contained in the bag of the present invention preferably has a Mooney viscosity of up to 120, measured at a temperature of 120°C. Any elastomer material having the above mentioned char­ acteristics is useful, for example olefinic copolymers con­ taining a copolymer of an olefin, preferably ethylene, and a minor amount, for example up to 25 weight percent, pref­ erably from 5 to 20 weight percent, of a diene, cycloali­ phatic olefin, for example 1, 5-cyclopentane or cyclooctadiene, a substituted olefin, for example an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate, a conjugated diolefin like butadiene, an alkenyl aromatic monomer such as styrene or its derivatives, or a vinyl ester such as vinyl acetate. Further useful elastomers are terpolymers disclosed in EP-A-010428. Preferred ethylene terpolymers are ethylene/­ 1-butene/1-octene, ethylene/porpylene/1-octene, ethylene/­ propylene/butadiene or ethylene/propylene/octadiene. These terpolymers preferably have a Mooney viscosity of 30 to 90, measured at 125°C. Preferred elastomer materials are olefin copolymers having polymerised therein at least one olefin monomer in an amount of from 70 to 97 percent, preferably from 73 to 90 percent, and vinyl acetate in an amount of from 30 to 3 percent, preferably from 27 to 10 percent, based on the total weight of the olefin copolymer. The preferred ole­ finic monomers are those described above. These olefin/­ vinyl acetate copolymers such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers preferaby have a Mooney viscosity of 5 to 30, measured at 100°C. The most preferred elastomer materials are thermo­ plastic halogenated polymers of non-aromatic ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons of 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Among these halogenated polymers the fluorinated and chlorinated polymers are particularly useful. The chlorinated polymers are preferred. Preferred chlorinated polymers are chloro­ prene rubbers (polychloroprene) made by polymerising 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene. Chloroprene rubbers preferably have a Mooney viscosity of 35 to 110, measured at 100°C. Particularly preferred chlorinated polymers are e.g. described in US patent specification 4,376,799. The average chlorine content of the chlorinated polymers is preferably from 25, most preferably from 35, weight percent to 50, most preferably to 48, weight percent, based on the total weight of the chlorinated polymers. Halogenated, preferably chlorinated, homo- or copoly­ mers of said hydrocarbons are useful. Appropriate halogenated homopolymers are e.g. halo­ genated polymerized C 2-4 -olefins, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutene wherein the butene units preferably are unbranched. Chlorinated polyethylene is particularly preferred. Useful halogenated copolymers preferably contain major amounts of the above-mentioned C 2-4 -olefins, most prefer­ ably ethylene. The most preferred copolymers contain at least 80, preferably at least 90, weight percent of one of these C 2-4 -olefins. Useful comonomers are non-aromatic ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons of 2 to 12, prefer­ ably of 2 to 8, carbon atoms, preferably propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene and 1-octene; cycloaliphatic olefins of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. 1, 5-cyclopentene or cyclo­ octadiene; and conjugated diolefins of 2 to 12 carbon atoms like butadiene. The halogenated polymers can comprise one or more copolymerized comonomers. The most preferred exam­ ples of chlorinated ethylene copolymers are chlorinated ethylene/propylene, ethylene/1-butene, ethylene/2-butene and ethylene/1-octene copolymers. These polymers generally have a Mooney viscosity of up to 120, preferably of 20 to 120, more preferably of 50 to 100 and most preferably of 70 to 90, measured at a tempera­ ture of 120°C. The crystallinity of the chlorinated ethylene homo- or copolymers (measured according to differential scanning calorimeter) is generally less than 30 percent, most preferably less than 10 percent. The effective melt viscosity of the chlorinated ethyl­ ene homo- or copolymer, measured at 190 °C at a shear rate of 145 sec. ⁻¹ is generally from 500, preferably from 1500 Pa·s, to 3000, preferably to 2500 Pa·s. The chlorinated ethylene homo- or copolymers can be produced according to known processes by chlorination of the ethylene homo- or copolymers in solution, suspension or gas phase. For this purpose, we refer to the Dutch pub­ lished patent applications 7311780 and 7701599. The density of the ethylene homo- or copolymers to be chlorinated is preferably from 0.91 to 0.965 g/cm³, most preferably from 0.935 to 0.965 g/cm³. The olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form from 85 to 98 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and from 15 to 2 weight percent acrylic or meth­ acrylic acid or an ionomer thereof can be fabricated into films, optionally in the presence of one or more additives described above, according to well known processes of making of ethylene polymer films, for example cast films and blown films. For example, the bubble technique can be used for making films in tubular form. Bags can be produced from the films in a known way. The bags can for example have a size suitable for 3 to 50 kg. preferably 10 to 30 kg. of elastomer material. Bags of this size preferably have a thickness from 100 to 300 µm, more preferably from 150 to 250 µm. The bags can be filled with the powdery or particulate elastomer material and sealed thereafter according to many known methods. The bags of the present invention containing a powdery or particulate elastomer material described above are particularly suitable for the process of the present invention. However, any component in powder or particulate form which is packed in a bag described above can be used in a polymer composition produced according to the process of the present invention. The bags may for example contain a powdery or particulate pigment such as a phthalocyanine, filler such as carbon black or titanium dioxide, stabiliser such as magnesium hydroxide, lubricant such as a poly­ ethylene wax, antioxidant such as a hindered phenolic derivative or diphenyl amine derivative. The compounding process of the present invention is carried out at at temperature of from 100°C to 220°C. The preferred com­ pounding temperature is mainly determined by the components of the polymer composition. In general, a compounding temperature of 100°C to 180°C is preferred. When the bags contain halogenated polyolefins, a compounding temperature of 100°C to 160°C, more preferably of 100°C to 130°C is appropriate. Even at the compounding temperature as low as 100°C to 130°C the bag is evenly dispersed and does not adversly affect the properties of the halogenated poly­ olefins. No agglomerates of the bag material or residual film strips remain in the polymer composition after the compounding at the above mentioned temperature has taken place. For carrying out the compounding process of the present invention all components can be fed into the compounding equipment in a known way. For example, conveyor belts can be used for transporting the bags containing the powdery or particulate material into the compounding equipment. Conventional batch processing equipment such as internal mixers, for example Banbury mixers, or trough kneaders are useful. The satisfactory mixing time depends on various factors such as the melt index of the com­ ponents, the mixing shear rate, the mixing temperature as well as the mixing efficiency of the compounding equipment. In general, less than 10 minutes, in most cases less than 5 minutes, are required in order to disperse the bag material satisfactorily in the polymer composition. It is not necessary that all components are packed in bags of the material described above and transported in the bags into the compounding equipment. Some components can be passed as solid blocks or in liquid form into the com­ pounding equipment without being packed into bags of the above described material. Such components can be made of any material commonly used in polymer compositions such as natural rubbers, plasticisers or liquid lubricants. The following example illustrates the present invention but it is not to be construed to limit its scope. Example A film of a thickness of about 180 µm is produced on a cast film line. The material for producing the film is an ethylen/acrylic acid copolymer which contains 91 percent ethylene and 9 percent acrylic acid, based on the weight of the copolymer. This copolymer has a melt index (ASTM test D-1238) of 1.5 g/10 min. and a density of 0.938 g/cm³. A slip agent is added to the ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer in an amount of 5 weight percent before producing a film therefrom. The produced film is cut, folded and glued to produce a bag. The bag is filled with a chlorinated poly­ ethylene having a chlorine content of 36 weight percent, no residual crystallinity and a bulk density of 0.5 g/cm³. The bag is then sealed and introduced an internal mixer to­ gether with 5 weight parts magnesium hydroxide, 70 weight parts calcium carbonate, 10 weight parts precipitated silica filler, 25 weight parts di-iso-nonyl-phthalate plasticiser, 0.8 weight parts 1, 4-dihydropyridine curative and 2.5 weight parts dimercaptothiadiazole derivative, based on 100 weight parts chlorinated polyethylene. The components are compounded at temperature of about 120°C during about 1.5 minutes. No residual film strips or agglomerates of ethylene/acrylic acid material is detect­ able after 1.5 minutes.

Claims: 1. Bag containing a powdery or particulate elastomer material, characterised in that the elastomer material has a Mooney viscosity of up to 120, measured at a temperature between 100°C and 125°C, and the main component of the bag is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form a) from 85 to 98 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and b) from 15 to 2 weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof. 2. The bag of claim 1, characterised in that the main component of the bag is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form a) from 90 to 95 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and b) from 10 to 5 weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or a zinc, sodium or magnesium ionomer thereof. 3. The bag of claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the main component of the bag is an ethylene/acrylic acid co­ polymer. 4. The bag of any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it contains a powdery or particulate halogenated polyolefin, an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene/propylene/octadiene copolymer, an ethylene/­ propylene/butadiene copolymer or a chloroprene rubber. 5. The bag of any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it contains a powdery or particulate halogenated poly­ olefin having a Mooney viscosity of 50 to 100 at a temperature of 120°C. 6. The bag of claim 5, characterised in that it contains a chlorinated polyethylene having a chlorine content of from 25 to 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the chlorinated polyethylene. 7. A process for preparing a polymer composition by com­ pounding a polymer with a polymeric or non-polymeric additive at a temperature of from 100°C to 220°C where­ in at least one component of the composition is in a powder or particulate form, characterised in that at least a part of the components in powder or particulate form is packed in a bag of which the main component is an olefin copolymer which comprises in copolymerised form a) from 85 to 98 weight percent of at least one olefin monomer and b) from 15 to 2 weight percent acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ionomer thereof and the bag containing the powdery or particulate component is introduced into the compounding equipment. 8. The process of claim 7, characterised in that a bag of any of claims 1 to 6 is introduced into the compounding equipment. 9. The process of claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the compounding is carried out at a temperature of from 100°C to 160°C. 10. The process of claim 9, characterised in that the compounding is carried out at a temperature of from 100°C to 130°C.

Inventors: MEIER, ALBERT J.
Applicants: THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: C08J3
IPC codes: C08L23, C08F210, C08J5, C08J3, C08F220, C08L21