PREPARATION OF DIAMINO- AND DIALKYLAMINOBENZENEDIOLS

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing, in high yields, diamino- or dialkylaminobenzenediols by hydrogena­ ting the corresponding benzoquinone compounds in the pre­ sence of a solvent and a noble metal-containing catalyst.

Description: This invention concerns the hydrogenation of benzoquinone compounds. More specifically, it pertains to a process for the hydrogenation of diaminodihalo- and dialkylaminodihalobenzoquinones to produce diamino-and dialkylaminobenzenediols. Diamino- and dialkylaminobenzenediols are useful as monomers in the preparation of polybenzoxazoles (PBO). Polybenzoxazoles can be prepared by reacting certain benzenediols with bisacids, bisacid halides, bisesters or bisnitriles. Polybenzoxazole fibers have high tensile strength and thermal stability and are desirable for aerospace and other applications requiring rigid materials. The known methods for preparing the benzenediol monomers typically involve a multi-step synthesis wherein expensive reagents are required and overall yield is poor. For example, one method involves oxidative bishydroxylation of hydroquinone with hydrogen peroxide and an alkali to produce 2,5-dihydroxy- p -benzoquinone. The reaction of hydrogen chloride and methanol with the dihydroxybenzoquinone yields 2,5-dimethoxy- p -benzoquinone which is aminated with ammonia and then reduced with stannous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid to give 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol with an overall yield of only about 20 percent. See R. Wolf, M. Okada and C. S. Marvel, J. Polymer Science , Part A, 6, 1503 (1968). A direct reduction of 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone with stannous chloride and HCl to produce 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol is described in Beilstein's Handbuch der Organischen Chemie , 4th ed., Main Work, V. 13, p. 791. This process suffers from the fact that the diaminobenzoquinone starting material is not readily commercially available but must be prepared from the cheaper hydroquinone by the multi-step process mentioned above. Other methods involve the reduction of a dihalodiaminobenzoquinone to the corresponding dihalodiaminohydroquinone without the elimination of the halogen substituents. See, for example, U.S. Patent 4,337,196; British Patent 1,130,275 and French Patent 1,544,504. A simple economical process is needed that would provide a high yield and allow both the reduction of the benzoquinone and the elimination of the halogen substituents. Such a process would allow the effective production of diamino- and dialkylaminobenzenediol monomers for use in preparing the highly desirable polybenzoxazoles. The present invention provides such a straight- forward and inexpensive one-step process that provides a high yield of diamino- and dialkylaminobenzenediols. This process comprises reacting, under suitable reaction conditions, a readily available diaminodihalo- or dialkylaminodihalobenzoquinone with a hydrogenating agent in the presence of a solvent and a noble metal-containing catalyst. It has surprisingly been found that the use of a noble metal-containing catalyst in the present process results in a high yield and provides for reduction of the benzoquinone and elimination of the halogen substituents. The diamino- and dialkylaminobenzenediols so produced can be condensed with bisacids, bisacid halides, bisesters or bisnitriles to produce polybenzoxazoles. Polybenzoxazole fibers have high tensile strength and thermal stability and hence have great potential for various industrial applications. According to the process of the present invention, the benzoquinone starting material is contacted with a hydrogenating agent in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst. The preferred benzoquinone compounds used as the starting material in the present invention correspond to the following general formula: (X)₂ - B - (NR₁R₂)₂ wherein: B is 1,4-benzoquinone; each X is independently a chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine atom, most preferably chlorine; and R₁ and R₂ independently are a hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl or benzyl group, most preferably hydrogen. Typical benzoquinone compounds of formula (I) include, for example, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dibromo-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dibenzylamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethylamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-diethylamino-1,4-benzoquinone; preferably 2,5-dichloro-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethylamino-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dibenzylamino-1,4-benzoquinone. The most preferred benzoquinone starting material is 2,5-dichloro-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone. The benzoquinone starting materials of formula (I) can be prepared by methods well-known in the art. The typical preparation usually involves the reaction of excess ammonia or ammonium hydroxide with tetrahaloquinone. See, for example, U.S. Patent 4,337,196. A hydrogenation catalyst is employed in the practice of the present process. The catalyst can be any material which contains a noble metal and will catalyze the conversion of the benzoquinone starting material of formula (I) in the presence of a hydrogenating agent to the desired benzenediol. Examples of typical catalysts include, for example, noble metals on carbon, noble metal oxides, and noble metals supported on alkaline earth carbonates. Noble metals herein refer to gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, mercury, ruthenium and osmium. Preferred catalysts include palladium on carbon, platinum on carbon, and platinum oxide. The most preferred hydrogenation catalyst is palladium on carbon. The catalyst is employed in an amount which is sufficient to catalyze the conversion of starting material in the presence of a hydrogenating agent to the corresponding benzenediol. Typically, from 0.0005 to 0.1 molar equivalents of catalyst are present per equivalent of benzoquinone starting material. Preferably, from 0.02 to 0.05 equivalents of catalyst are present throughout the reaction. A solvent is employed in the present process. Such solvents preferably are compounds having at least one oxygen atom therein, such as, for example, water, ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, or carboxylic acids. Specific examples of preferred solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, dimethylformamide or dioxane. Water is the most preferred solvent. Preferably, from 1 to 50 volumes of solvent are employed per volume of benzoquinone starting material of formula (I). More preferably, from 5 to 10 volumes of solvent are employed. Hydrogenating agents are well-known. The hydrogenating agent employed in the process of the present invention can be any material which will supply hydrogen to the reaction. In the present process hydrogen gas or hydrazine is preferred. The hydrogenating agent is used in an amount sufficient to hydrogenate the benzoquinone starting material of formula (I). When hydrogen is employed, the molar ratio of hydrogen gas to benzoquinone starting material is between 3: 1 and 30: 1; preferably, about 5: 1. Typically, from 4 to 8 molar equivalents of hydrazine are employed per equivalent of benzoquinone starting material. Preferably, from 3 to 6 molar equivalents of hydrazine are employed. The present process is conducted under suitable reaction conditions such that the corresponding benzenediol is produced. Such suitable conditions are given below. The process of the present invention can be carried out at any temperature and pressure at which the reaction will proceed. Preferably, the process is carried out between 20 and 100°C, most preferably between 20 and 50°C. The process can be carried out at sub- or superatmospheric pressures with atmospheric pressure being preferred for convenience. A total reaction time of from 4 to 72 hours is generally adequate to convert the starting material of formula (I) to the corresponding benzenediol. Surprisingly, in the process of the present invention, the halogen atoms are removed from the benzoquinone ring system and the benzoquinone is converted to the corresponding benzenediol. As the halogen atoms are removed, a hydrogen halide is believed to be produced. While not wanting to be bound by any theory, it is believed that a unique feature of the present Invention is the ability of the amino groups to capture the hydrogen halide as it is produced and thereby avoid acid poisoning of the catalyst. The presence of the amino groups apparently eliminates the need for the addition of external base as the reaction proceeds and thereby offers an added economic advantage. Furthermore, the hydrogen halide thus trapped by the amino groups apparently helps to stabilize the benzenediol and thereby avoids oxidative decomposition of the product. Both by avoiding catalyst poisoning and effectively stabilizing the final product, the amino groups appear to aid in generating surprisingly high yields. The preferred benzenediol compounds prepared by the process of the present invention correspond to the following general formula: wherein: R₁ and R₂ are as defined in formula (I), Typical benzenediols include, for example, 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol, 2,5-dibenzylamino-1,4-benzenediol, 2,5-dimethylamino-1,4-benzenediol, 2,5-diethylamino-1,4-benzenediol; preferably 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol, 2,5-dimethylamino-1,4-benzenediol or 2,5-dibenzylamino-1,4-benzenediol. The most preferred benzenediol is 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol. The product of formula (II) can be recovered using known recovery methods such as, for example, filtration or washing. The product is generally isolated and stored as a hydrohalide salt in order to prevent oxidative decomposition. It is also suitable common practice to isolate the product as a salt of any mineral acid such as sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid. Typical yields of the benzenediol of formula (II) are at least 50 to 90 percent based on the benzoquinone starting material of formula (I). Preferably, the yield hill be at least about 70 percent. The maximum yields generally are obtained when hydrogen gas is directly applied. The following examples are given to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting its scope. Example 1 To a reaction vessel was added 24.6 g of 2,5-dtchloro-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 1.6 g of 10 weight percent palladium on carbon and 300 ml of water. The mixture was vigorously stirred and hydrogen gas simultaneously passed through the mixture for 48 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was then filtered and washed with 50 ml of water. Then, 150 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, with cooling, to the filtrate. After 30 minutes, the white crystals here filtered, washed with small amounts of ethanol and ether, and suction dried. The yield of 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol bishydrochloride was 87.3 mole percent (22.10 g) based on the benzoquinone starting material. Example 2 To a reaction vessel was added 23.5 g of 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethylamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2.0 g of 10 weight percent palladium on carbon and 400 ml of water. The mixture was vigorously stirred and hydrogen gas simultaneously passed through the mixture for 72 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was then filtered and washed with 50 ml of water. Then, 200 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, with cooling, to the filtrate. After 30 minutes, the white crystals were filtered, washed with small amounts of ethanol and ether, and suction dried. The yield of 2,5-dimethylamino-1,4-benzenediol bishydrochloride is 85.0 mole percent (20.31 g) based on the benzoquinone starting material. The examples demonstrate that the process of the present invention is a simple and efficient method capable of producing surprisingly high yields of diamino- and dialkylaminobenzenediols.

Claims: 1. A process for preparing diamino- and dialkylamino-benzenediols which comprises reacting a diaminodihalo- or dialkylaminodihalo-benzoquinone with a hydrogenating agent in the presence of a solvent and a noble metal-containing catalyst under reaction conditions such that the amine groups capture hydrogen halide produced as the reaction proceeds. 2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the benzoquinone starting material corresponds to the following general formula: (X)₂ - B - (NR₁R₂)2 wherein: B is 1,4-benzoquinone; each X is independently a chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine atom; and R₁ and R₂ independently are a hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl or benzyl group. 3. A process as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the benzoquinone starting material is 2,5-dichloro-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dibromo-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone, or 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dibenzylamino-1,4-benzoquinone. 4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the hydrogenating agent is hydrogen gas. 5. A process as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the hydrogenating agent is hydrazine. 6. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the solvent is an oxygen-containing compound. 7. A process as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the solvent is water. 8. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the catalyst is a noble metal supported on an alkaline earth carbonate or carbon. 9. A process as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the catalyst is palladium on carbon. 10. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein from 0.02 to 0.05 equivalents of catalyst are present per mole of benzoquinone. 11. A process as claimed in Claim 1 for the preparation of 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenediol which comprises reacting hydrogen gas with a 2,5-dichloro-3,6-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone in the presence of palladium on carbon as catalyst and water as solvent.

Inventors: INBASEKARAN, MUTHIAH N., STROM, ROBERT M.
Applicants: THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: C07C215
IPC codes: B01J23, C07C215, C07C67, C07B61, C07C213