TEAT DISINFECTING DEVICE AND METHOD

Abstract: A device (8) and method for application of a disinfecting solution to the teats (22) of lactating dairy animals comprises an elongated hollow tube (10, 12) one end of which is adapted to form a circular loop (12) and the other end of which forms an open-ended disinfectant delivery tube (10). A plurality of spray emission means (16, 18) disposed about the inner circumference of the circular loop (12) and lying generally in the plane of the loop enables a mist of disinfectant solution to be applied to the teat from a pressurized source.

Description: This invention relates generally to devices and methods for applying a disinfecting solution to the teats of lactating dairy animals in conjunction with procedures for production of milk therefrom and in prevention of the development and transmission of teat and udder infections and diseases. In connection with the operation of a modern dairy facility, it is normal for the operator to systematically and regularly treat the teats of lactating dairy animals in order to prevent the development and transmission of mastitis and other infections of the teats and udder. Health regulations and modern dairy practice mandate such disinfecting practice. Despite the common use of such disinfecting practices, teat and udder infections have continued to present a significant problem for dairy operators, and there have been continuous efforts to develop effective and economical devices and methods of infection control. In recent years the most common method of disinfection involves teat dipping, or immersion of the teat of lactating dairy animals in a disinfectant solution contained in a teat cup. This practice has, however, been found to be a contributing factor in the transmission of teat and udder infections and diseases, in that the infecting organisms are not completely destroyed by normally utilized disinfectant solutions, and may be transmitted by immersion of the teats of uninfected animals in a contaminated solution. Commonly used alternative methods of disinfection, such as spraying of disinfectant solution upon the teats from a single nozzle, fail to achieve complete and effective application without use of an excessive volume of disinfectant solution. Such methods, to be reasonably effective, require careful and skillful application techniques which are difficult to consistently achieve in normal milking procedures. It is apparent that a device and method for thorough and efficient application of disinfectant solution to the teats of dairy animals was desired and needed by the dairy industry. EP-A-0 029 240 discloses a device for the application of liquid disinfecting fluid to the teats of dairy animals, the device comprising a thin walled hollow tube having a first substantially straight portion, see the inclined part at, and having a second portion interconnected to one end thereof and formed into a loop, providing a continuous fluid flow path through both portions of said hollow tube; and a plurality of spray emitting means disposed about the inner periphery of the looped portion of said thin walled hollow tube, lying substantially in the plane defined by said loop, and penetrating the wall of said tube to allow emission of fluid therefrom. According to the invention, there is provided a method of disinfecting the teats of a dairy animal, the method comprising releasably attaching an end of a straight thin walled hollow tube portion of a teat disinfecting device to a source of pressurized disinfecting fluid, said end being open to expose the cavity of said tube portion; placing a portion of the teat disinfecting device formed of thin walled hollow tube in the shape of a loop about one teat of a dairy animal, the plane of said loop being essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the teat and the bottom end of the teat being positioned slightly above the plane of said loop; introducing pressurized disinfecting fluid from said source thereof into the open end of said tube portion of said teat disinfecting device; allowing said pressurized disinfecting fluid to flow from said source thereof through (i) the cavity of said straight tube portion of said disinfecting device, (ii) interconnecting means and (iii) the looped tube portion of said disinfecting device, for emission from a plurality of spray-emission means as a disinfecting mist disposed in the plane of the loop about the inner circumference of said looped tube portion of said disinfecting device, the spray emission means each being operable to direct said mist as a conical shaped disinfecting body of mist toward the longitudinal axis of the teat and above the plane of the loop to cover all surfaces of the teat; allowing emission from said spray emission means to form said mist bodies until the teat is suitably treated with such disinfecting mist; ceasing introduction of pressurized disinfecting fluid into said disinfecting device; removing said disinfecting device from about the teat so treated; and relocating said disinfecting device to a further teat to be treated with disinfecting fluid and repeating the aforesaid operations, beginning with introduction of disinfecting fluid into said disinfecting device, until treatment is complete. The invention includes within its scope a teat disinfecting device as just defined above. The hollow tube is preferably divided into two portions, namely a circular loop portion and a straight portion interconnected thereto which is open at the end opposite the loop. The circular loop portion is preferably formed such that the loop is closed, enclosing a hollow intratubal cavity and the circular loop portion of the tube is preferably interconnected to the straight portion of the tube such that the intratubal cavity is continuous and unbroken from the open end of the tube, through the area of interconnection or transition between the straight portion of the tube and the looped portion of the tube, and through the looped portion. The disinfecting device conveniently comprises a plurality of spray emitting means disposed about the inner circumference of the looped portion of the tube and being generally in the plane of the loop. Such spray emitting means, preferably being nozzles, penetrate the wall of the tube and interconnect with the intratubal cavity so as to allow the passage of fluid from such cavity into and through such nozzles and emission of fluid from such nozzles in the direction of the axis of the loop. The spray nozzles are adapted such that a fluid, forced under pressure from the intratubal cavity through the nozzles, is dispersed or atomized into a fine mist directed toward the axis of the loop to which such nozzles are affixed. The spray nozzles are preferably adapted such that the mist emitted from each nozzle is dispersed in a semi-conical pattern. The device comprises a sufficient number of such spray nozzles that continuous mist coverage of at least the central half of the circular area defined by the loop is obtained during simultaneous nozzle emission of fluid. The open end of the device is conveniently adapted so that it can be mated with and removably attached to a source of pressurized fluid by any suitable connecting means which allows the introduction of pressurized fluid into the open end of the device. In typical operation or method of use, the device is first connected to the source of pressurized fluid to be used and the loop of the device is placed in proximity to a teat to be sprayed with the disinfecting solution, positioned such that the plane of the loop is slightly below the bottom or nipple of the teat. A sufficient volume of disinfecting solution to uniformly cover the surface area of the teat is introduced into the open end of the device with sufficient pressure to force the same volume of disinfecting solution to be emitted as mist from the spray nozzles and contact the surface of the teat. The following is a specific description, by way of example only, of four embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a plan view of the preferred embodiment of the device of the invention; Figure 2 is a plan view of the loop portion of the preferred embodiment of the device of the invention, with an illustration of spray pattern; Figure 3 is a plan view of a portion of the device illustrating its placement around a teat and illustrating spray pattern; Figure 4 is an elevational section view taken generally on line 4-4 of Figure 3; Figure 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the device; Figure 6 illustrates a second alternative embodiment of the device; and Figure 7 illustrates a third alternative embodiment of the device. With reference to the figures, a detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention will be provided in the following. Referring first to Figure 1, the device 8 of the invention will be seen to comprise a first thin walled hollow tube 10 and a second thin walled hollow tube 12. The walls of both first tube 10 and second tube 12 define and enclose a central hollow cavity, and each tube is open at both ends so as to allow the introduction of fluid therein and the passage of such fluid through said hollow cavities. Said tubes 10 and 12 are preferably of substantially circular cross-section, but may be constructed with any cross-sectional configuration which defines a central cavity, such as square or triangular. As depicted in Figure 1, first tube 10 is substantially straight along its length. Second tube 12 is curved into a loop which is substantially circular as viewed perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The device 8 preferably further includes innerconnecting means 14, adapted to interconnect one end of first tube 10 with both ends of second tube 12 such that the intratubal cavity is continuous from the second end of first tube 10, through said interconnecting means 14 and about the loop of second tube 12. Said interconnecting means comprises a substantially "T" shaped interior or cavity enclosed by a continuous wall. The outer end of each leg of such "T" is open and adapted to receive and surround an end of either first tube 10 or second tube 12 in mating relationship so as to provide a leak proof interconnection. It will be understood that the cross-sectional configuration of the outer end of each leg of such interconnecting means 14 will be matched to the cross-sectional configuration of the respective end of either first tube 10 or second tube 12 to be received therein. The interconnection between interconnecting means 14 and the respective ends of tubes 10 and 12 may be secured by press fit or by any suitable adhesive means. In an alternative embodiment of the device of the invention, illustrated by Figure 5, what has been previously described as first tube 10 and second tube 12 may be integrally formed, in the gross c onfiguration depicted in Figure 1 and Figure 2 and described above, as a continuous tube. Further alternative embodiments of the device of the invention, such as those illustrated in Figure 6 and Figure 7, wherein the looped portion of the device is not fully closed, may be utilized without departing from the spirit of the invention. It will be readily understood that, in such alternative embodiments which employ a broken loop, the end or ends of the tube or tubes forming such broken loop must be closed to prevent the emission of fluid therethrough. As can be seen in the drawings, device 8 further includes a plurality of spray emitting means disposed about the inner periphery of tube 12 generally in the plane of the loop formed by tube 12. Such spray emitting means may be small holes or apertures fully penetrating the wall of tube 12, adapted to produce a fine spray or mist upon the passage of pressurized fluid therethrough. However, in the preferred embodiment as depicted in Figure 1 through Figure 4 said spray emitting means comprise apertures 16 adapted to receive nozzle 18. Each nozzle 18 communicates through each respective aperture 16 to the intratubal cavity enclosed by tube 12 so as to allow the passage of fluid from such cavity into and through nozzles 18 and emission of fluid from such nozzles in the direction of the axis of the loop. Nozzles 18 are adapted such that a fluid of essentially the same specific gravity and viscosity as water, forced under pressure from the intratubal cavity through nozzles 18, is dispersed or atomized into a fine mist. Nozzles 18 are preferably further adapted such that the mist emitted therefrom is dispersed in a semi-conical pattern as illustrated in Figure 4, which can be described as that portion of a cone, with its apex at the point of emission of fluid from the nozzle and with its axis perpendicularly intersecting the axis of the loop of the device, lying on one side the plane of the loop. The number of aperture 16 and corresponding nozzles 18 is selected such that a spray pattern 20 of continuous mist coverage of at least the central half of the circular area enclosed by the loop of the device is obtained during simultaneous emission of fluid from the nozzles, as illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The open end of tube 10 is adapted to be removably attached to a source of pressurized fluid by any suitable attachment means which allows the introduction of pressurized fluid into the intratubal cavity of device 8 through said open end of tube 10. Said source of pressurized fluid will commonly consist of a hand held trigger-pump bottle, but device 8 is readily adaptable to use with pressurized aerosol cans, fixed pressurized containers with flexible hose connections and valved attachment means, or other commonly known fluid distribution systems. The attachment of device 8 to the fluid source must, however, be accomplished in such fashion that the operator of the device is able to control the introduction of pressurized fluid into the device for emission from nozzles 18 by manual pump operation or operation of a suitable valve. The tubular loop portion of device 8 will preferably be approximately four inches in diameter, and tube 10 will preferably be approximately eight inches in length. However, it will be readily understood that specific dimensions are not critical to the function and utility of the invention, and any loop diameter and device length which reasonably allows operation as hereinafter described may be utilized within the spirit of the invention. Device 8 is preferably constructed of a plastic material of sufficient strength and rigidity to maintain its shape and gross configuration, and of chemical characteristics which render the material essentially inert with respect to the disinfecting solution to be utilized. However, it will be understood that any material of suitable properties and characteristics may be used. In operation, device 8 is first attached to the sel ected source of pressurized fluid to be used and sufficient fluid is introduced into the intratubal cavity to fill such cavity. The fluid consists of any liquid disinfectant solution approved for use to disinfect the teats of lactating dairy animals. The loop of the device is placed in proximity to a teat to be sprayed with the disinfecting solution, and positioned such that the centre of the circular area enclosed by the loop is generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the teat and the plane of the loop is generally perpendicular to such longitudinal axis, with the bottom or nipple of the teat being slightly above the plane of the loop, so that the bottom of teat 22 is within spray pattern 20, illustrated in Figure 4. A sufficient volume of disinfecting solution to uniformly cover the surface area of the teat is introduced into the open end of the device 8 with sufficient pressure to force the same volume of disinfecting solution to be emitted as mist from nozzles 18 and contact the surface of teat 27. Upon completion of mist emission from such nozzles, the device is removed from around the teat so treated, positioned around the next teat to be treated, and the process is repeated as many times as necessary to complete the disinfecting process. The subject device, used with the method described, allows complete coverage of each treated teat with disinfecting solution, conserves the disinfecting solution by avoiding application of excessive amounts of solution to the teat, and avoids contamination of the reserved disinfecting solution by preventing direct contact with the teat. The invention includes within its scope apparatus comprising any of the forms of the device of the invention disclosed herein in combination with means to supply a disinfectant fluid to the device, for example reservoir means such as a container equipped for fluid pumping to the device of a disinfectant fluid contained therein.

Claims: A method of disinfecting the teats (22) of a dairy animal, the method comprising releasably attaching an end of a straight thin walled hollow tube portion (10) of a teat disinfecting device (8) to a source of pressurized disinfecting fluid, said end being open to expose the cavity of said tube portion; placing a portion of the teat disinfecting device (8) formed of thin walled hollow tube in the shape of a loop (12) about one teat (22) of a dairy animal, the plane of said loop (12) being essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the teat (22) and the bottom end of the teat (22) being positioned slightly above the plane of said loop (12); introducing pressurized disinfecting fluid from said source thereof into the open end of said tube portion of said teat disinfecting device (8); allowing said pressurized disinfecting fluid to flow from said source thereof through (i) the cavity of said straight tube portion (10) of said disinfecting device (8), (ii) interconnecting means (14) and (iii) the looped tube portion (12) of said disinfecting device (8), for emission from a plurality of spray-emission means (16,18) as a disinfecting mist (20) disposed in the plane of the loop (12) about the inner circumference of said looped tube portion (12) of said disinfecting device (8), the spray emission means each being operable to direct said mist as a conical shaped disinfecting body of mist toward the longitudinal axis of the teat (22) and above the plane of the loop (12) to cover all surfaces of the teat (22); allowing emission from said spray emission means (16,18) to form said mist bodies until the teat (22) is suitably treated with such disinfecting mist; ceasing introduction of pressurized disinfecting fluid into said disinfecting device (8); removing said disinfecting device (8) from about the teat (22) so treated; and relocating said disinfecting device (8) to a further teat (22) to be treated with disinfecting fluid and repeating the aforesaid operations, beginning with introduction of disinfecting fluid into said disinfecting device (8), until treatment is complete. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second portion (12) of said tube of said disinfecting device is interconnected to said first portion (10) of said tube at one end of said second portion (12), the end of said second portion (12) of said tube opposite the interconnection (14) of said second portion (12) to said first portion (10) is closed, and said loop formed by said second portion (12) is not closed. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein said spray emitting means (16,18) of said disinfecting device comprises perforations or holes (16) penetrating the wall of said thin walled hollow tube (12). A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein said spray emitting means (16,18) of said disinfecting device comprises apertures (16) penetrating the wall of said thin walled hollow tube (12), and spray emitting nozzles (18) firmly attached to said tube (12) and extending through said apertures (16) so as to allow emission of fluid therefrom. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the disinfecting device comprises a first straight thin walled hollow tube section (10); a second thin walled hollow tube section (12) formed into a substantially circular loop; interconnecting means (14) between one end of said first tube section (10) and said second tube section (12) adapted to provide an uninterrupted fluid path through said first tube section (10), interconnecting means (14), and said second tube section (12); and a plurality of spray emitting nozzles (18) disposed about the inner circumference of the loop formed by the second tube section (12) and penetrating the wall of said second tube section (12) for emission of disinfecting fluid therethrough. A method as claimed in Claim 5 wherein said interconnecting means (14) of said disinfecting device comprises a thin walled hollow "T" shaped body open at the end of each of its three legs, one end of said first thin walled hollow tube (10) and each end of said second thin walled hollow tube (12) being respectively inserted into each of the three legs of said "T" shaped body in leak-proof mating relationship between the walls of said tubes and the wall of said "T" shaped body. A method as claimed in Claim 5 wherein said interconnecting means (14) of said disinfecting device comprises an integral melding of one end of said first thin walled hollow tube section (10) with the wall of said second thin walled hollow tube section (12), fully surrouding an aperture in the wall of said second thin walled tube section so as to allow the flow of fluid between the intratubal cavities of said tube sections. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 7 wherein said second thin walled hollow tube section (12) of said disinfecting device has first and second closed ends, the loop formed by such second tube section (12) is not a closed loop, and the interconnection (14) between one end of said first tube section (10) and said second tube section (12) is intermediate the ends of said second tube section (12). A method as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 8 wherein the end of said first thin walled hollow tube section (10) of said disinfecting device opposite the interconnection to said second thin walled hollow tube section (12) is open and adapted to be releasably attached to a source of pressurized disinfecting fluid. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 5 to 9 wherein each of said spray emitting nozzles (18) of said disinfecting device is adapted to produce a spray pattern (20), upon emission of disinfecting fluid therefrom, which comprises that portion of a cone, with its apex at the point of emission of fluid from said nozzle (18), which lies on one side of the plane defined by said loop; and further wherein the intersection of spray patterns (20) of the plurality of nozzles (18) covers at least the central half of the area enclosed by said loop. A method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the diameter of the loop of said disinfecting device formed by said second thin walled hollow tube section (12) is not less than one and one half inches and not greater than six inches. A device for the application of liquid disinfecting material to the teats of dairy animals which device comprises a straight thin walled hollow tube portion (10) open at an end thereof for exposure of the cavity of said tube portion and connection thereof to a source of pressurized disinfecting liquid, a portion formed of thin walled hollow tube and having the shape of a loop (12) for placement about one of said teats (22) of said dairy animal, the plane of said loop (12) being essentially perpendicular to the longitudinally axis of the teat (22) about which it is to be placed in use and the bottom end of the teat (22) being positioned slightly above the plane of said loop (12), pressurized disinfecting fluid in use of the device being introduced from said source thereof into the open end of the straight tube portion (10) of the teat disinfecting device and being allowed to flow from said source thereof through (i) the cavity of said straight tube portion (10) of said disinfecting device (8), (ii) interconnecting means (14) of the device and (iii) the looped portion (12) of said disinfecting device (8), for emission from a plurality of spray-emission means (16,18) of said device, said spray-emission means (16,18) being so formed and arranged that said fluid is emitted as a disinfecting mist (20) disposed in the plane of the loop (12) about the inner circumference of said looped tube portion (12) of said disinfecting device (8), the spray emission means each being so configured and arranged as in operation of the device to direct said mist as a conical shaped disinfecting body of mist toward the longitudinal axis of the teat (22) and above the plane of the loop (12) to cover all surfaces of the teat (22).

Inventors: KESSEL, DANIEL WESLEY
Applicants: KESSEL, DANIEL WESLEY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: A01K13
IPC codes: A01J7