AN IMPROVED PILLOW

Abstract: A foam pillow has two opposite main support surfaces (12, 14), one including convolutions (30) together defining a relatively flat profile and the other including longitudinal ribs (22) of arcuate cross-section. The ribbed surface (12) has a curved profile presenting at least two prominent lobes or peaks (16, 18) of differing heights and a central trough (20). The pillow (10) supports a person's head in the trough (20) with the user's neck received on one of the lobes (16 or 18), reversal of the lobes permitting variation in the amount of neck support provided. The ribs (22) comprise rounded ridges and have circular channels (24) separating their bases to dissipate heat and moisture away from the user and the curved support surface (12) may include transverse separations (40) at various intervals in the ribs (22) to provide extra dispersion of pressure.

Description: This invention concerns an improved resilient pillow, with certain longitudinal characteristics and reversible and invertible features, adapted for selective support of a user's head and neck. Due to the physical attributes of a typical person, the neck of a person reclining in a horizontal position (and without any particular pillow support or the like) becomes an unsupported bridge between the shoulders and head. Such is generally true whether an individual is lying on the back or the side. Without proper head and neck support, muscle strain (particularly in the neck region) is not uncommon. Such strain leads to discomfort and restlessness which can defeat the entire purpose of a person's rest or sleep period. During rest, individuals commonly recline in a relatively horizontal position with their head and part of their neck variously supported on pillows. Many commercial pillows for either home or hospital use comprise generally rectangular constructions with tapered edges, and are filled with a variety of cushioning materials, such as foam or down. Often times, a person will "fluff" a pillow before using it. In effect, the pillow is being puffed up so that resting of one's head on the pillow will form a slight cradle, with other portions of the pillow being pushed outward to provide support for the user's neck. The desired affect is quickly lost once the pillow becomes pushed down again (i.e. "un-fluffed"). In general recognition of such head and neck support problems, it is known in the prior art to provide various contoured pillow arrangements (particularly for surgical or hospital patients) which differentially support a user's head and neck so that the naturally unsupported region beneath the neck is provided some support. For example, U.S. Design Patent 276,938 to Pedersen and French Patent 1,120,734 by Cabrit et al disclose contoured pillow designs having a profile including at least two raised areas as well as a trough for generally receiving a user's head. The person's head is retained in the trough between the two raised areas, with one of the raised areas supporting the neck region. Pederson and Cabrit both disclose sloped regions adjacent one of the raised areas for also supporting upper shoulder regions; thus, they are intended for a single user orientation only, and do not vary the amount of neck support. Similarly, Kogan (U.S. Patent 4,218,792) concerns an orthopedic pillow having a cross-sectional profile with a trough for receiving a person's head, surrounded by two raised areas, one of which supports the user's neck region. A convex boss is provided on one side of the pillow for alignment under the nape of the user's neck; thus Kogan has only one intended user orientation, and does not disclose structure to vary the amount of neck support. While such references represent an advance in the area of supporting a person's head and neck over non-contoured support arrangements, they don't teach variations and modification to provide selected elevations and positions for heads and necks of varying shapes and sizes. Dixon (U.S. Patent 4,320,543) and De Laittre et al (U.S. Patent 3,829,917) disclose various medical and therapeutic contoured support pillows which include features for varying the amount of support of a user's head and neck. Dixon discloses a pillow providing both vertical and lateral support for surgical purposes. Alternately matable members may be relatively rotated at 90° intervals with respect to each other, for varying the height of a trough through which a user's neck passes for support of the user's head in a roughly cup-shaped arrangement having a convoluted support surface. The pillow provides four-way support of a recumbent user's head to immobilize same for surgical or other medical reasons in a so-called neutral or "sniffing" position, for administering anesthetics or when a patient must undergo treatment in an intensive care unit. De Laittre discloses a therapeutic pillow which is intended to be aesthetically appealing by providing the appearance of a conventional pillow. Two convex lobes emerge from an underside of the pillow, overhang edges thereof, and merge at a mutually-shared trough. The lobes have a relatively constant diameter from the underside support surface to the shared trough. All four corners of the generally rectangular pillow are pulled inwardly by receipt and support of a user's head centrally thereon. So supported, forces push in on the top of the user's head, while other forces present at the user's neck and bottom of the head push outward to pull and stretch the neck muscles. Such forces are achieved with the integral construction and unitary face of the De Laittre device, in combination with the overhanging convex lobes thereof, which are of different height to provide support for heads and necks of various shapes and sizes. In general, the foregoing devices, while recognizing the need for selective differential support of a person's head and neck, are generally restrictive in terms of positioning of the head since they are directed to medical or therapeutic applications. Furthermore, they may cause unpleasant cradling forces on a user's head due to lack of independent action for the surface features thereof. All such restrictiveness and unpleasant sensations may be acceptable in the limited use categories of medical or therapeutic needs, but are strongly undersirable for the comfort sought during everyday use such as rest or sleep periods. Furthermore, none of the foregoing exemplary references combine their concern for differential head and neck support with any particular features thereof directed to other aspects of extended user comfort, such as moisture and heat control. Dixon refers to some air circulation around his convolutions, but basically teaches that a user's head should be deeply cradled in a soft support surface to immobilize same. In fact, the rather restrictive cradling of a number of prior art devices, such as the devices of Kogan, De Laittre and Dixon, can contribute to a build-up of heat and moisture around a user's head, instead of dissipating same. Leeb (U.S. Patent 2,305,173) discloses a generally rectangular headrest having vertical openings which extend perpendicularly from a headrest support surface to internal cavities where medicated vapor vessels are received. Vapors ascend such vertical channels to provide a user with relief from the discomfort of blocked breathing. Such channeling directs vapors towards the support surface, instead of providing dissipation for heat or moisture generated by a user's head and neck resting thereon. Spann (U.S. Patent 4,573,456) discloses foam body supports, such as a foot splint which surrounds an injured foot, which have a plurality of enlarged air channels parallel to the user's leg for ventilating the enclosed leg or foot. A seat comprising a flat block of foam is also shown with such enlarged air channels. The present invention recognizes and addresses many of the foregoing drawbacks, as well as others. The present invention aims to provide a contoured pillow having features directed at differential support of a user's head and neck, the pillow remaining relatively free from imposing any restrictions on movement by the user. In seeking to provide a contoured pillow having features for differentially supporting a user's head and neck, the invention aims to avoid applying unpleasant forces or pressure on the user, while differentially supporting the head and neck of same. The present invention also aims to provide a pillow, which is reversible for varying the relative amounts of differential head and neck support to accommodate a variety of head and neck sizes and shapes. The invention can be embodied in a generally rectangular pillow having opposing main faces or support surfaces, one of which is substantially planar overall and the other of which has a predetermined curvature including two lobes and a trough. Such a rectangular embodiment may be inverted from one main face to the other while still (in either orientation) providing selective, differential support of a user's head and neck. US-A-3,829,917 noted hereinbefore, from which the present invention commences, discloses a head pillow, which comprises a block of resilient material and has first and second support surfaces on opposite sides thereof, of which the first support surface has a generally planar profile overall, while the second support surface has a predetermined profile the thickness of which varies relative to the first support surface, the profile of the second support surface including two lobes and a trough therebetween. According to the present invention, this pillow is characterised in that a plurality of ridges having arcuate profiles are formed on the second support surface and conform to the said predetermined profile, the ridges extending parallel to the lobes and the trough and a plurality of parallel channels are defined in the second support surface, each channel being interposed between an adjacent pair of ridges, and further characterised in that the radii of curvature of the ridges vary with the varying thickness of the pillow between the said predetermined profile and the overall plane of the first support surface, ridges of relatively large radii accordingly being associated with the said lobes and ridges of smaller radii being associated with the trough whereat the thickness is smaller. Desirably, the pillow embodying the present invention includes dissipation means for promoting the removal of heat and moisture from the head and neck of a user. The dissipation means may comprise parallel, longitudinal air channels adapted to receive heat and moisture, for efficiently conducting the heat and moisture along such channels and laterally away from the user's head and neck. Advantageously, the ridges are functionally-independent in response to compression and flexure and they promote enhanced dissipation of heat and moisture when compressed and flexed by differentially enlarging radial entries to such channels (thereby increasing the dissipation of heat and moisture via such channels by increasing the volume of airflow therethrough), the said channel entries being located between contiguous ridges. The pillow according to the invention can be made of foam materials and can be a generally rectangular shape, the two prominent lobes being benefically of differing heights. The lobes, the trough therebetween, and the ridges formed in the second support surface all extend in the lengthwise direction of the rectangular article. As stated, the lobes are beneficially of different heights. The pillow is then suitable for users having differing sizes of heads and necks, since it can be turned to place whichever lobe gives greater comfort under the neck. If desired, the ridges can be traversed by lateral separations or slits to promote compression and flexure of the ridges independently of one another. The pillow can be made of two layers of foam material joined together at a flat interface. One such layer will provide the convoluted first support surface and the other layer will provide the other support surface having the lobes and trough. The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of example in the following description which is to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 illustrates an end view of an exemplary embodiment constructed in accordance with features of the present invention; Figures 2 and 3 illustrate perspective views of the two main support surfaces (on opposite sides of the pillow) of the embodiment shown in Figure 1; and Figure 4 illustrates an end perspective view of an exemplary construction in one preferred manner of use thereof. Repeat use of reference characters throughout the following specification and drawings is intended to indicate the same or analogous elements or features. Referring to Figure 1, the end view illustrates the lateral profile of an exemplary foam pillow 10 in accordance with features of the present invention. Pillow 10 includes two main support surfaces 12 and 14, having relatively curved and flat profiles, respectively. Pillow 10 may be inverted so that either surface 12 or 14 is upwardly disposed for receipt and support of a user's head and neck, but it is generally preferred that surface 12 defines an upper support surface, with two prominent lobes or peaks, (or maximums) 16 and 18 and a relative trough or hollow (or minimum) 20 forming the predetermined curved profile thereof. Longitudinal, scalloped: ridges or ribs 22 conform to such curved profile of upper support surface 12. Ribs 22 comprise parallel, longitudinal projections extending from and along the main body of pillow 10. Ribs 22 have arcuate cross-sections, and thus comprise a plurality of parallel spherical ridges. Further longitudinal features of upper support surface 12 include a plurality of parallel, generally circular channels 24. Such channels are disposed between each pair of ribs 22, and are actually defined in upper surface 12 along with lower extensions of the radial surfaces of ribs 22. The radial surfaces of adjacent ribs are not joined, but instead are merely in contact with one another. Since pillow 10 is comprised of foam or foam-like material, ribs 22 may be pushed back and separated at any point along their longitudinal length to expose radial openings into circular channels 24. Even without such physical separation, air may diffuse through the porous foam material to reach channels 24. Beneficial effects of such diffusion are discussed in greater detail below, particularly with reference to Figure 4. In the generally preferred use of pillow 10 wherein surface 12 comprises an upper support surface, surface 14 comprises a lower support surface. Surface 14 includes a plurality of convolutions 30, which are themselves known in the art. The tips of convolutions 30 define a relatively flat profile for lower support surface 14. While convolutions 30 and ribs 22 may be formed from one integral body of foam comprising pillow 10, they may also respectively be formed on surfaces of two separate bodies of foam 34, 36, joined along a plane shown as dotted line 32. Such two separate members, defined by the indicated portions above and below dotted line 32, may be glued or otherwise attached to one another along dotted line 32 so as to collectively comprise the illustrated pillow 10. Alternatively, as an optional feature of the present invention, a relatively flat lower support surface 14′ may be provided for a given pillow 10 by using only upper member 36, without attaching lower portion 34. In such instance, the flat lower surface 14′ of upper member 36 literally becomes the lower surface of pillow 10. Various dimensions may be provided for a given construction in accordance with the present invention. While Figure 1 is not intended as a scale drawing, the following dimensions are exemplary of a given construction. Lower portion 34 of pillow 10 may be about 5 centimeters thick (the distance from dotted line 32 to the tips of convolutions 30). Both lower portion 34 and upper portion 36 comprise rectangles of approximately 40 centimeters lateral width and 52 centimeters longitudinal length. Generally, this corresponds to a pillow size of 16 × 20 inches. The thickness of upper portion 36 varies across the lateral profile thereof. Its lowest point is generally at minimum 20. Length A, defined by the distance between minimum 20 and dotted line 32, may be approximately 3.5 centimeters. Maximums (or lobes) 16 and 18 have heights greater than minimum 20, but which also differ from one another. For example, distance B may be about 5.5 centimeters while distance C is closer to 7 centimeters. Distances B and C substantially comprise the distances between lobes 16 and 18 and dotted line 32, respectively (as illustrated in Figure 1). Such differential measurements for distances B and C permit the orientation of pillow 10 to be reversed relative a given user, for providing variation in support offered by such pillow (as discussed further below with reference to Figure 4). As generally illustrated by Figure 1, the diameter of arcuate ribs 22 is preferably smaller around minimum 20 than around maxima 16 and 18. Such diameters may vary over a range, such as 2-3 centimeters. The outer lateral edge portions of pillow 10 also have slopes which descend from lobes 16 and 18 respectively. The diameter of ribs 22 in such lateral edge regions also are preferably smaller than the diameter of ribs located at maxima 16 and 18, and smaller than those leading up to such maximums from central trough 20. Figures 2 and 3 illustrate perspective views of pillow 10 taken generally from a corner thereof. Figure 2 illustrates curved surface 12 turned upward, and Figure 3 is inverted therefrom and shows the relatively flat profile, convoluted surface 14 disposed upwardly. Dotted line 32 is omitted from both Figures 2 and 3 to indicate that the entire exemplary pillow 10 illustrated therein constitutes a single integral member. Both figures further illustrate the generally rectangular nature of pillow 10, discussed above in accordance with one set of exemplary measurements for such a pillow in conjunction with the embodiment of Figure 1. Figure 2 also illustrates the longitudinal nature of arcuate ribs 22, which run the full longitudinal length of pillow 10. Also, as understood from the foregoing discussion and the illustration of Figure 1, channels 24 are formed the entire longitudinal length of pillow 10, alternately appearing between each rib thereof. In addition to longitudinal features of this invention represented by ribs 22 and channels 24, Figure 2 further illustrates optional lateral features concerning separations or cuts 40, formed in curved support surface 12. Such separations or cuts may extend to approximately the depth of the base of ribs 22. The purpose of such separations (when used) is to permit independent functionality (i.e. flexure and compression) for ribs 22 in the longitudinal sections 41 thereof defined between pairs of laterally-extending separations 40. Such separations effectively provide extra dispersion of pressure applied by a user to curved support surface 12. For clarity, separations 40 are illustrated only over a portion of curved support surface 12, but of course may extend to cover the entire surface (or any portion) thereof. Separations 40 may be provided at various intervals along the longitudinal length of ribs 22, such as 2-3 inches (5-7.6 cm), or at even closer intervals if further dispersion of pressure is desired. Figure 3 illustrates an inverted view of the Figure 2 embodiment, with relatively flat profile, convoluted support surface 14 turned upwardly for receipt and support of a user's head and neck. Again for clarity, only a portion of the projections 30 are illustrated which normally entirely cover support surface 14. Figure 3 (as well as Figure 2) generally illustrates the differential height of prominent lobes 16 and 18 of the curved profile of curved support surface 12, as well as the presence of central trough 20. Because of the compression characteristics existent throughout foam pillow 10, support surface 14 when used in an upward support position will provide differential support to a user's head and neck supported thereon in a manner similar to that of surface 12 whenever it is turned upward, due to the predetermined, curved profile of surface 12 situated directly beneath surface 14. In other words, given a particular force applied at different points across support surface 14, the portion of surface 14 opposing relatively larger lobe 18 will be provided greater support than that part opposing lobe 16, which in turn is provided greater support than that part opposing central trough 20. Figure 4 illustrates one preferred use of a pillow 10 constructed in accordance with features of the present invention. As discussed above, it is desirable to provide differential support for a user's head and neck. Such head and neck support may be obtained by a user 50 reclining on pillow 10 in an orientation generally as illustrated in Figure 4. The user's head rests chiefly in the central trough area 20 of curved support surface 12, with the user's neck being supported by one of lobes 16 or 18 of curved support surface 12. Both user 50 and pillow 10 may in turn be supported on a mattress 52 or the like. While Figures 2 and 3 illustrate generally that pillow 10 of Figure 4 may be inverted from the illustrated disposition thereof, pillow 10 of Figure 4 may also or in the alternative be reversed so that an alternate lobe or maximum may be used to support the neck of user 50. The Figure 4 embodiment is disposed substantially as the Figure 1 illustration, with relatively lower lobe 16 shown on the left. Pillow 10 could be reversed so that relatively higher lobe 18 appeared on the left so as to support the neck of user 50 somewhat higher than as illustrated in present Figure 4. Such reversal permits adaptation of pillow 10 to different sizes and shapes of different users' heads and necks, or to vary the amount of support for a given user's head and neck. Whether reversed or inverted, pillow 10 provides no particular restriction on lateral head or neck movement, and causes no unpleasant pressures or forces on the user. Other beneficial features are particularly associated with the plurality of parallel, longitudinal ribs 22, and their related channels 24. It is generally preferred that pillow 10 be used with a person's head and neck disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the pillow (as shown in Figure 4). In such orientation, a user's head and neck may undergo various lateral movements, and channels 24 remain perpendicular to the user to efficiently function as dissipation means for removing heat and moisture away from the user's head and neck. As referred to above, either by diffusion through the foam material comprising pillow 10, or by separation of adjacent ribs which enhances radial openings along the longitudinal axis of channels 24, air is permitted to enter such channels. Such air may carry with it body heat and moisture which is naturally generated by a user. Longitudinal channels 24 then carry such air along their longitudinal length to disperse same from the user and discharge such air from axial end openings thereof. Such air may also emerge from radial openings along such longitudinal length at portions thereof removed from the user's head and neck, or similarly be diffused from channels 24 at portions thereof removed from the user. With or without the presence of optional lateral separations 40 in ribs 22, the radial openings in channels 24 are enhanced at the periphery of a user's head and neck by independent functionality of ribs 22 resulting in differential compression and flexure of adjacent ribs 22. As illustrated in Figure 4 with reference to particular channel 52, adjacent ribs 54 and 56 (which have relatively high differential force applied thereto by virtue of being located adjacent the periphery of the head of user 50) become separated at the "seam" of their adjoining diameters. Such seams are defined at circular edges of channel 52 meeting with adjacent diameters of ribs 54 and 56 (as illustrated by Figures 1 and 4). Separation of the contacting peripheral portions of adjacent ribs 54 and 56 expands radial opening 58 defined between such ribs. In other words, radial openings such as 58 may be formed by separating adjacent pairs of ribs along their mutual seams. Such opening and expansion further promotes the entry of air into channel 52, which heightens the dissipation function associated with such channels. Enhanced radial openings 58 may be formed along virtually any pair of rib sections 41 located between separations 40 which are subjected to differential forces, such as those present near the periphery of a user's head. Due to the independent functioning of longitudinal rib sections 41 between separations 40, sections 41 not subjected to differential pressure (such as those within ribs 54 and 56 but longitudinally beyond the user's head) normally remain relatively closed so that air within channel 52 is further conducted in an axial direction away from the user. Such functioning maximizes the dissipation distance of such air from the user's head and neck. Heat and moisture is dissipated from the user by virtue of being contained within or carried by such air which is dissipated by the longitudinal channels. While the dissipation means formed by such longitudinal channels may have an enhanced effect near the periphery of the user's head, as discussed above, it is to be understood that air (including heat and moisture) may enter any of the channels 24 adjacent a user's head and neck by virtue of diffusion through adjacent ribs 22 (or some degree of radial opening in channels 24), for dissipation along such channels. Combination of the foregoing features provides a pillow which enables the user to select from a plurality of use orientations to maximize comfort and proper support for his or her needs and tastes, while including the dissipation function (and all various features thereof) disclosed above. While one preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention including a best mode thereof has been disclosed for present purposes, various modifications and variations thereto will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, including substitution of equivalents for and reversal of various features and elements thereof. For example, different dimensional characteristics may be used in contrast with those specifically disclosed above. Further, various types of foam materials may be used, including different materials with various or varying compression characteristics selected for particular applications. A given pillow need not be limited to the illustrated curvature for its curved support surface, and the cross-sections of ribs 22 and channels 24 need not be limited to those shown. Also, alternate use orientations are included features of the present invention. For example, a user's head may be longitudinally received in central trough 20 of curved support surface 12, with lobes 16 and 18 received on either lateral side of the user's head. In such disposition, air channels 24 are in parallel with the person's head and neck, instead of being perpendicular thereto as illustrated in Figure 4. However, even in such configuration, air channels 24 may perform the dissipation function described above. As a further variation, the presently disclosed pillow may be used with a loose fitting pillow slip, which due to such loose fitting would not affect any functions of the pillow itself as described above.

Claims: 1. A pillow, which comprises a block of resilient material and has first and second support surfaces on opposite sides thereof, of which the first support surface has a generally planar profile overall, while the second support surface has a predetermined profile the thickness of which varies relative to the first support surface, the profile of the second support surface including two lobes and a through therebetween, characterised in that a plurality of ridges (22) having arcuate profiles are formed on the second support surface (12) and conform to the said predetermined profile, the ridges extending parallel to the lobes (16, 18) and the trough (20) and a plurality of parallel channels (24) are defined in the second support surface (12), each channel (24) being interposed between an adjacent pair of ridges (22), and further characterised in that the radii of curvature of the ridges (22) vary with the varying thickness of the pillow between the said predetermined profile and the overall plane of the first support surface (14), ridges of relatively large radii accordingly being associated with the said lobes (16, 18) and ridges of smaller radii being associated with the trough (20) whereat the thickness is smaller. 2. A pillow according to claim 1, wherein the first support surface (14) which is generally planar overall has a plurality of convolutions (30) formed thereon; and wherein the predetermined profile of the second support surface (12) includes a changing curvature of alternating relatively raised areas and relatively lower areas forming lobes (16, 18) and trough (20). 3. A pillow according to claim 2, wherein a lower area is disposed adjacent each of two edges of the predetermined profile and another low area is adjacent the center of the predetermined profile and defines the trough (20). 4. A pillow according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the channels (24) comprise dissipation means, operative at the second support surface (12), for dissipating heat and moisture away from a user's head and neck when same are supported on said second support surface. 5. A pillow according to claim 4, wherein the channels (24) have radial entries (58) thereto in the second support surface (12) and axial exits therefrom, through which heat and moisture from a user's head and neck may enter and exit, respectively. 6. A pillow according to claim 5, wherein the radial entries (58) extend longitudinally and are defined by the parallel ridges (22) contiguous therewith, the channels (24) being operative for dissipating heat and moisture from a user's head supported on the pillow by receiving heat and moisture via portions of radial entries (58) adjacent the user's head, and by dissipating them out the axial openings and portions of the radial entries (58) removed from the user's head. 7. A pillow according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the ridges (22) are adapted for substantially independent compression and flexure responsive to receipt and support of a user's head and neck thereon, resulting in differential compression and flexure of an adjacent pair of the ridges (22) adjacent the periphery of a user's head supported thereon, which enhances entry of heat and moisture into the channel (24) between the pair of ridges (22) by widening the radial entry of such channel. 8. A pillow according to claim 1, wherein first support surface (14) is covered by a plurality of convolutions (30) which together define said generally planar profile of the first support surface (14), and wherein the pillow is adapted to receive a user's head adjacent the trough (20) with the neck adjacent one of the lobes (16, 18), whereby the relative elevation and position of the user's head and neck may be adjusted by selecting which of the lobes is disposed beneath the neck. 9. A pillow according to any of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a plurality of lateral separations (40) in the ridges (22) to provide independent flexing of portions of the ridges longitudinally defined between adjacent of such lateral separations (40), thereby to enhance dispersion of pressure for a user's head or neck received thereon. 10. A pillow according to any of claims 1 to 9, comprising two layers (34, 36) of foam material joined together at a flat interface (32) therebetween, one layer (34) providing the first support surface (14) and the other layer (36) providing the second support surface (12). 11. A pillow according to any of claims 1 to 10, which is 40 centimeters wide by 52 centimeters and is 10.5 centimeters and 12 centimeters thick at the respective lobes (16, 18) and 8.5 centimeters thick at the trough (20), the ridges having diameters varying in the range of 2 to 3 centimeters.

Inventors: LUKE, JOHN KENNETH, SCHAEFER, DANIEL J.
Applicants: SPAN-AMERICA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: A47G9
IPC codes: A47G9