MAGNETIC BRUSH DEVELOPMENT APPARATUS HAVING A GATING AND METERING MECHANISM

Abstract: A development station (10) has a sump (14) for developer material, and a magnetic brush (18) that applies developer material to a photoconductor (16). A rotatable transport roller (40) is located between the sump and the magnetic brush. A magnet (44) in the roller attracts developer material to the roller. A cylindrical tube (46) is positioned around the roller and spaced from it. The tube has two slots (48, 50), and the tube is rotatable between two positions. In a first position of the tube developer material can pass through one of the slots (48) to the roller and is transported to the second slot (50) where it is metered to the magnetic brush. In a second position of the tube the slots are offset from the sump and the brush to block the flow of developer material to the transport roller and to the magnetic brush.

Description: The present invention relates to magnetic brush development apparatus for use with electrographic copiers/duplicators or the like and, more particularly, to an improved apparatus for controlling the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush. It is known from U.S. Patent No. 4,538,896 to provide toner to a development station in a hopper. The hopper is closed by a plate that is rotated to allow toner to fall through an opening in the hopper to a magnetic brush. Also, U.S. Patent No. 3,523,518 discloses dispensing of toner from a cartridge having a series of holes therein by rotating the cartridge and allowing toner to fall through the holes in the cartridge under the influence of gravity. It also is known from U.S. Patent No. 4,087,168 to shut off the flow of developer material from a magnetic brush to a photoconductor in order to completely terminate the development of latent images on a photoconductor. More specifically, in color copiers having several magnetic brush development stations for applying toners of different colors to latent images the stations are moved relative to the photoconductor so that only one color toner at a time is applied to the photoconductor. Another way of shutting off flow of developer material is known from Japanese laid open patent publication number 60-194476, published October 2, 1985 and based on Japanese patent application number 59-48060. The Japanese publication teaches the delivery of developer material from a sump to a magnetic brush for developing latent images by means of a transport roll located between the sump and the magnetic brush. The magnetic brush comprises a developer roll that is rotated in one direction to deliver developer material from the transport roll to the photoconductor. When it is desired to shut off the flow of developer material to the photoconductor, the developer roll is stopped and then rotated in the opposite direction so that a developer-free part of the developer roll faces the photoconductor to thereby stop application of developer to the photoconductor. While the known prior apparatus may work satisfactorily, in some cases they may be difficult to operate as, for example, when the entire station is moved between operable and inoperable positions relative to the photoconductor. In addition, some of the prior apparatus may not provide the degree of reliability, rapid response time desired to control the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush, or complete termination of developer flow when desired. It is an object of the invention to provide development apparatus having a sump for developer material, and a magnetic brush for applying developer material to a latent image on a photoconductor which eliminates the need to move the development apparatus relative to the photoconductor to stop development of latent images, and which provides rapid and reliable shut off of developer to the development apparatus. This object is accomplished with a development apparatus having the features of claim 1. In the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention presented below, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a fragmentary end view of a magnetic brush development apparatus incorporating the present invention with the gating and metering mechanism positioned to allow transport of developer material from the sump to the magnetic brush; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing the gating mechanism in a second position blocking the flow of developer material to the brush; and Figs. 3 and 4 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2 but showing a modification for rapidly shutting off the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush. Referring now to the drawings, a development station of an electrographic apparatus is generally designated 10 and comprises a housing 12 that defines a sump 14 for receiving developer material. A photoconductor 16 travels across the upper portion of the housing 12 in the direction shown by the arrow and contains on its lower surface one or more latent electrostatic images that are developed by developer material from sump 14. The developed images can be transferred to a copy sheet and fused thereto in a known manner or fused onto the photoconductor itself. The development station 10 has a magnetic brush 18 for applying developer material to the images on photoconductor 16. The brush illustrated comprises a core 20 having a plurality of magnets 22 spaced around the core, and a cylindrical, non magnetic shell 24 that surrounds the core 20. The core and/or shell can be fixed or rotatable, as known in the art. As illustrated in the drawings, the core 20 is rotatable in a counterclockwise direction, and the shell rotates in a clockwise direction to thereby feed developer material in a clockwise direction to the photoconductor. A blade 25 engages the shell 24 downstream of the development zone between the shell and photoconductor to remove unused developer material from the shell and return it to the sump. Developer material in sump 14 can be mixed, agitated and triboelectrically charged by means of a ribbon blender generally designated 26. Blender 26 comprises a shaft 28 that is rotatable about its axis and has a plurality of rods 30 projecting therefrom. The rods carry inner and outer helical ribbons 32, 34. The pitch of the ribbon 32 is opposite from ribbon 34 so that when the shaft 28 is driven in a counterclockwise direction as shown in Fig. 1, ribbon 32 tends to drive developer material in one direction through the sump 14 while ribbon 34 tends to drive the material in the opposite direction. Material from sump 14 is moved by the ribbon blender not only axially in the sump but also radially outwardly so that some of the material is provided to a feeding mechanism generally designated 36. The feeding mechanism is located between the top of the ribbon blender and the bottom of the magnetic brush. The feeding mechanism includes a shaft 38 that can be driven in a clockwise direction. A generally cylindrical transport roller 40 surrounds shaft 38 and is connected to it so that the roller is driven when the shaft is rotated. The outer surface of roller 40 is deeply fluted as shown at 42 to form a plurality of recesses and ridges that extend axially along the roller. The surface could also be grooved, or otherwise roughened or textured. The fluted surface picks up developer material from the lower quadrant of the gating member and transports it to the magnetic brush as described in more detail later. The roller can be made from any suitable material, such as extruded aluminum, plastic, etc. Between the roller 40 and shaft 38 there is a stationary permanent magnet 44. The magnet is located beneath the shaft 38 and to the left thereof, and generally above and to the left of the ribbon blender 26. The magnet illustrated in the drawings extends through an arc of about 80 degrees. It is located so that developer material mixed by the ribbon blender is attracted to the outer surface of the roller 40 by the magnet 44 and held on the roller by the magnet as it is transported in a clockwise direction by the roller toward the magnetic brush. The position of the magnet, together with its arcuate dimension, assures that the material will be held onto the roller until it reaches a point where the material can be held onto the roller by the flutes 42 only. Developer material is then carried by the fluted surface through approximately 180 degrees or until it reaches approximately the right portion of the roller as viewed in Fig. 1 where it tends to be pulled from the fluted surface by gravity. Thus roller 40 helps to transport the developer material from the sump to a position where it can be attracted to the magnetic brush by the magnets 22 in the brush. A gating and metering mechanism 45 includes a gating tube 46 which is positioned around the roller 40 and is spaced therefrom in order to provide an annular space for the flow of developer material between the roller and the tube 46. The tube is an elongate cylindrical member and can be made of plastic or other suitable materials. The tube is concentric with roller 40 and extends along the development station substantially the same distance as the magnetic brush 18. Tube 46 has an elongate, relatively wide slot 48 and a much narrower elongate slot 50. Both slots are generally rectangular in shape and extend substantially the full length of brush 18 and tube 46. The width of each slot extends circumferentially along the tube so that each slot has two opposed longitudinally extending side edges. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, slots 48, 50 are approximately 205-210 degrees apart. The spacing of the slots depends, in part, on the location of the feeding mechanism 36 and gating mechanism 45 relative to the blender 26 and magnetic brush 18. The slots are spaced so that when the tube is in the position illustrated in Fig. 1 the wider slot 48 is substantially aligned with the bottom of roller 40 and between the magnet 44 and the ribbon blender. Also, when the tube is in the Fig. 1 position the slot 50 extends along the portion of tube 46 that is nearest to the shell 24 of the magnetic brush 18. Slot 48 is relatively wide so that a substantial amount of developer material from sump 14 can pass through slot 48 and enter the space between tube 46 and roller 40 to be transported by roller 40 to the slot 50. Slot 50, on the other hand, is much narrower and meters the desired amount of developer material to the magnetic brush. The slots may have various dimensions, depending upon a number of factors. By way of example, slot 48 can be approximately 0.50 inch (1 inch = 25.4 mm) wide and slot 50 can be approximately 0.045 inch wide. These dimensions can provide a developer flow rate of approximately 3.2 grams per inch per second to the magnetic brush. Tube 46 is oscillated between the positions shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 to control the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush. Such movement can be accomplished in any suitable manner. For example, a pin 52 secured to the tube 46 can be coupled to a solenoid 54, as shown diagrammatically at 56, so that the solenoid is effective to move the tube between its two positions. The solenoid can be controlled from the logic and control unit of the associated electrographic apparatus so that it is actuated at precisely the correct time relative to the movement of images on the photoconductor past the development station. When the tube is in its Fig. 1 position slot 48 is between the ribbon blender and the magnet 44 so that developer material from the sump can be driven by the ribbon blender through the slot. Such material is attracted to roller 40 by the magnet 44. Roller 40 transports the material to the top of the roller where it is attracted toward the magnetic brush 18 by magnets 22 in the core of the magnetic brush. Thus some of the developer material will flow through the smaller slot 50 to the magnetic brush. In order to shut off the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush, the tube is rotated approximately 60 degrees from its Fig. 1 position to its Fig. 2 position. At this time the larger slot 48 is spaced from the ribbon blender and the sump so that material from the ribbon blender and sump cannot pass through the slot into the space between the tube 46 and roller 40. Also, the smaller slot 50 is spaced from the magnetic brush. When slot 50 is in its Fig. 2 position, any developer material flowing through the slot from the space between the tube 46 and roller 40 falls under the influence of gravity back into the sump 14. At this time the material is too far from the magnets 22 to be attracted to the magnetic brush. Movement of the tube 46 between its two positions can be effected very rapidly to quickly and reliably start or stop the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush. This is especially desirable when the apparatus is used in color copiers where a series of similar development stations would be used, each with different colored toners, and wherein the flow of one color developer material to the magnetic brush must be stopped and started quickly and with great accuracy in order to avoid contamination of an adjacent image on the photoconductor. Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment wherein means generally designated 60 are provided to immediately shut off the flow of developer material to magnetic brush 18 through slot 50 when the tube 46 is rotated. The shut-off means 60 illustrated comprises an elongate plate 62 having one end portion 62a secured to a bar 27. Blade 25 also is connected to the bar. The other end portion 62b of plate 62 is in sliding contact with the outer surface of tube 46 closely adjacent to the right longitudinal side edge of slot 50 when the tube is in the portion shown in Fig. 3. End portion 62b preferably is curved so the free end of the plate is elevated slightly from the surface of the tube to avoid "stubbing" of the end of the plate in slot 50 as the tube is rotated from its Fig. 3 position to its Fig. 4 position. Preferably the plate is thin and flexible, and is flexed when mounted on the bar and resting on tube 46. Because of this construction and mounting, end portion 62b bears against the surface of the tube and maintains sliding contact with the tube. The pressure exerted by the plate against the tube effectively seals the interface therebetween and avoids passage of developer material between the plate and tube. The plate extends the full length of slot 50 so that the plate covers the slot and blocks the flow of developer material from slot 50 to the magnetic brush 18 when tube 46 is rotated a few degrees from its position illustrated in Fig. 3 to its position illustrated in Fig. 4. Preferably the plate is made of brass or other suitable low friction material so that the plate does not significantly increase the torque required to rotate the tube 46. When the tube is in the position shown in Fig. 3 slot 48 is between the ribbon blender and the magnet 44 so that developer material from the sump can be driven by the ribbon blender through the slot. Such material is attracted to roller 40 by the magnet 44. Roller 40 transports the material to the top of the roller where it is attracted toward the magnetic brush 18 by magnets 22 in the core of the magnetic brush. Thus some of the developer material will flow through the smaller slot 50 to the magnetic brush without interference from plate 62. In order to shut off the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush, the tube is rotated a few degrees clockwise, for example approximately 5 degrees, from its Fig. 3 position to its Fig. 4 position. As this rotation occurs, the slot 50 passes under plate portion 62b, and portion 62b then contacts the tube 46 adjacent the left longitudinal side edge of the slot. This slight movement immediately shuts off the flow of developer material to magnetic brush 18 through slot 50. Developer material flowing through slot 50 then travels along the bottom surface of plate or along tube 46 until gravity returns the material to sump 14. The pressure contact between plate end portion 62b and tube 46 prevents glow of developer material therebetween to the brush 18. At this time the larger slot 48 is located relative to the ribbon blender and the sump so that material from the ribbon blender and sump can continue to pass through the slot 48 into the space between the tube 46 and roller 40 and be discharged through slot 50 back into the sump. Thus the space between tube 46 and roller 40 remains full of developer material. This permits the flow of material to brush 18 to be restarted quickly when tube 46 is returned to the position shown in Fig. 3. Movement of the tube 46 between its Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 positions can be effected very rapidly due to the short distance required to move the tube. Also, the space between tube 46 and roller 40 remans substantially full of developer material even when the tube is in the position shown in Fig. 4. This makes it possible to quickly and reliably start, as well as stop, the flow of developer material to the magnetic brush. This is especially desirable when the apparatus is used in copiers where two or more similar development stations are used, each with developer material having different colored toners that are to be applied to adjacent images on the photoconductor and wherein the adjacent images are separated by a small "interframe" distance of about 3.75 cm., for example. In this situation the flow of one color developer material to the photoconductor must be stopped and started quickly and with great accuracy in order to avoid contamination of an adjacent image on the photoconductor. More specifically, if developer flow is not shut off quickly, it is possible to produce a trailing edge of developer material from one development station that is longer than the interframe area between two images on the photoconductor. Such results in the trailing edge of developer material being applied to the leading edge of the next image on the photoconductor, thereby contaminating the next image.

Claims: A development apparatus (10) for applying developer material to a photoconductor (16), the development apparatus (10) having a sump (14) for holding a supply of developer material, a magnetic brush (18) for receiving and applying developer material to the photoconductor, and a developer material feed mechanism (36), including a transport roller (40), located between a supply point for the supply of developer material in the sump and a developer material pickup point of the magnetic brush (18), characterized by a gating means (46) surrounding said transport roller (40) and defining a space about said roller (40), by said gating means (46) having an inflow opening (48) for permitting developer material to flow from said supply point of such developer material into said space about the roller (40), and an outflow opening (50) for permitting developer material within said space about the roller (40) to flow out to said pickup point of the magnetic brush (18), and by each of said inflow and outflow openings (48, 50) of said gating means (46) having a first condition for allowing developer material to flow from said supply point through said space about the roller (40) to said pickup point of the brush (18), and a second condition for blocking the flow of developer material to said pickup point of the brush (18). The development apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said gating means (46) is cylindrical and rotatable for moving said inflow opening (48) and said outflow opening (50) relative to said developer material supply and pickup points. The development apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 wherein in said first condition the inflow and outflow openings (48, 50) are arranged so that said inflow opening (48) is close to, and in line with said developer material supply point for developer material in the sump (14) to flow therethrough, and said outflow opening (50) is close to, and in line with said developer material pickup point of the magnetic brush (18). The development apparatus of Claim 2 or 3 wherein in said second condition the inflow and outflow openings (48, 50) are arranged so that said inflow opening (48) is spaced from and offset from said developer material supply point of the sump (14), and said outflow opening (50) is spaced from and offset from said developer material pickup point of the magnetic brush (18). The development apparatus of Claim 3 wherein said gating means (46) is positioned such that when said inflow opening (48) is spaced and offset from said developer material supply point of the sump (14), any developer material contained in said space about the roller (40) gravitationally flows back out of said space through said inflow opening (48). The development apparatus of Claims 1 to 4 characterized by a shut-off member comprising an elongate flexible plate (62) having a portion (62b) in sliding contact with the gating means (46) adjacent one side of the outflow opening (50) when the opening (50) is in its first condition and adjacent the other side of the opening (50) when the opening (50) is in its second condition. Use of development apparatus according to Claims 1 to 6 in a color copier.

Inventors: ADKINS, KENNETH D. C/O EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, DEFAZIO, SALVATORE CASTRENZE EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, FOX, RICHARD SAMUEL C/O EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, HACKNAUER, FRANK C/O EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
Applicants: EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (A NEW JERSEY CORPORATION)
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: G03G15