METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEATING AND SEALING A PITOT TUBE TYPE FLOW METER IN A PIPE

Abstract: A method of seating one end of a pitot tube type or other flow meter (10) against the remote internal surface (48) of the pipe (16) in which it is being installed and subsequently sealing same within a tubular fitting (26) through which it enters the pipe, the method comprising using a movable abutment (40) to push compressible packing (30) contained within an annular space (28) provided between the outside of the pitot tube and the inside of its tubular fitting against a fixed abutment (14) on the pitot tube (10) thereby forcing the latter inward until it bottoms on the remote pipe wall. Thereafter the movable abutment (40) is advanced to narrow the gap between it and the fixed abutment so as to compress the packing between the two until it expands to fill the annular space and form a fluid-tight seal around the pitot tube. The invention also encompasses apparatus for carrying out the method.

Description: From a functional standpoint, the preferred orientation of pitot tube type and certain other flow measurement instruments is to extend diametrically across the pipe with the remote end in engagement with the opposite pipe wall. It is only in this position that the precisely-located upstream and downstream-facing pressure sensing ports lie where they should be to provide the differential pressure measurement information necessary to produce an accurate reading. It has also been discovered that having the probe body "bottomed-out" so to speak on the opposite pipe wall is very important from an operation standpoint, especially in large diameter pipes containing fast-moving, fairly viscous, fluids. If the remote end of the probe is left to swing free, it oftentime begins to vibrate and sometimes even breaks off, either of which is most undesirable. In those blowout-proof installations where the probe is provided with some kind of fixed abutment designed to engage a stop in the event of a loose connection, this same fixed abutment may serve a dual function of a stop positioned and adapted, either intentionally or inadvertently, to engage the near pipe wall adjacent the probe-receiving opening therein or some other obstruction projecting, perhaps, from the mounting hardware thus limiting the degree of probe penetration into the pipe. When this happens, there is no assurance whatsoever that the remote end of the probe will bottom-out against the remote pipe wall before the abutment engages its near wall. The allowable dimensional variations in the internal diameter of pipe being fairly large, it is very likely that if an abutment on the probe body is selectively positioned to engage and abut against the near pipe wall at the same time, the remote end of the probe strikes its opposite wall based upon the assumption that the pipe has an accurate internal diameter and wall thickness, that in a good percentage of the installationsthe probe will not reach to the opposite wall at all but terminate well short thereof. Alternatively, while not as serious a problem in that the probe can bottom-out properly, some provision must be made for accommodating an undersized pipe in the sense of being able to maintain a secure connection as well as a fluid-tight annular seal. Even in those installations in which the probe body is free of any abutment that could possibly interfere with its bottoming-out on the opposite pipe wall, a very real chance still exists that it will be installed improperly and not do so. To begin with, positioning of the probe, of necessity is done "blind" in that the installer cannot see where the remote end of the probe is relative to the opposite pipe wall. Moreover, realizing that the probe is a delicate precision measuring instrument, he or she is reluctant to force it hard into the opposite wall for fear of damaging the unit. Even when properly seated, there is no assurance that the probe will not back off a little while the compression fitting or other seal is being made. A considerable improvement in high pressure mountings for pitot tube type flow meters would result if one could ensure that its remote end was bottomed-out against the remote pipe wall and remained so while the sealed connection was being made. If, incidentally, this same construction could be relied upon to hold the probe securely in place within the pipe, produce a fluid-tight seal therearound as well as provide blowout protection in the rare event of a loose connection, all the better. US-A-1 250 238 discloses in Figs. 1 and 6 two different types of packings 18 designed to form a fluid-tight annular seal between what is denominated as the sleeve 16 and the plug 9. It is important to note, however, that as stated at column 1 of page 2 of the specification beginning at line 40 that ".... collar 7 is secured to the plug member 9 to hold it and the sleeve together." As stated, the function of collar 7 must be one of holding the sleeve 16 and plug 9 together to prevent relative axial movement therebetween although it would appear that they could, perhaps, rotate relative to one another. This being the case, while the remote end of the probe is shown seated against the opposite pipe (tube 8) wall, if this were not the case, no amount of relative movement of so-called "packing gland 17" against "packing 18" would be effective to seat the remote end of the probe since the connection between the plug 9 and sleeve 16 provided by collar 7 would prevent it. Apparently, seating of the probe against the opposite pipe wall is achieved by screwing the sleeve 16 deeper into tube 8 by means of an unnumbered screw-threaded opening that receives the assembly although the extent to which this can be done is apparently limited due to the tapered thread on the sleeve which can only enter the tube to a defined extent. The description of Fig. 6 makes no mention of the packing sub-assembly but it only appears to differ in the cross section of the packing 18 and the fact that there is no annular shoulder inside the sleeve 16 for the packing gland 17 to abut. As such, it is difficult to ascertain from the drawings whether there is anything in the way of a stop or shoulder analogous to what is seen in Fig. 1 to prevent the packing gland from moving axially inward further to compress the packing. Nevertheless, if as stated the collar holds the sleeve and the plug together, then using the packing gland to compress the packing cannot have the effect of moving the plug and probe axially inward relative to the sleeve to seat the probe against the remote wall of the tube. Even if one were to assume that the sleeve 16 and plug 9 were not fastened together by collar 7 and, therefore, presumably could not move axially relative to one another and, in addition, assume that the thin, unnumbered, washerlike member on the opposite of the collar from the packing 18 were compressible, it is perfectly obvious that the maximum degree of axial adjustment to ensure that the probe seats securely against the opposite tube wall would be a very small fraction of a centimeter which is not adequate to accommodate the dimensional variations likely to exist in a tube or pipe having an internal diameter hundreds of times greater than the overall thickness of the washer shown. Such assumptions also presume that the inventor of this prior US patent recognized the problem which it is apparent he did not do. Instead, he was merely applying conventional packing gland technology to seal the probe in its mounting hardware. DE-B-1 026 089 discloses in Figure 1 thereof a sealing arrangement comprising a guideway formed by the elements 7,14 and a tube 5 sealed in the guideway by means of a thrust ring 12 on the tube, a compressible packing material 19, and a movable ring 17 having an actuating cap 16 detachably mounted to the guideway for axial movement of the ring relative thereto. Because of the shoulder portion of element 7 the thrust ring 12 is not able to move in a direction to force the tube deeper into the pipe. Consequently the known arrangement is not suitable to be used to securely seat the end of the probe against the interior wall surface of the pipe into which the probe is inserted. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid comprising a pipe for the passage of the fluid and having a tubular guideway that extends outwardly from, and is aligned with, a side-opening probe-entry port; a pitot tube type or other flow meter probe which, upon assembly, is inserted through the tubular guideway and probe-entry port so that one end of the probe approaches the interior wall surface of the pipe opposite the port; compressible packing material surrounding the body of the probe and displaceable therealong for sealing the probe within the tubular guideway; a first abutment movable along the body of the probe to push the packing material against a second and fixed abutment provided on the probe thereby compressing and expanding the packing material therebetween to form a continuous annular fluid-tight seal around the body of the probe; and means cooperating with the movable abutment to define a stop that engages the packing material and limits any movement of the probe in a direction that would otherwise withdraw the probe from the pipe characterised in that the fixed abutment provided on the body of the probe is spaced from any obstruction between the fixed abutment and the said one end of the probe which upon assembly approaches the interior wall surface of the pipe a distance greater than that which separates the latter from the said wall surface, displacement of the movable abutment thereby causing the packing material to push against the fixed abutment and force the probe deeper into the pipe until the said one end of the probe seats against the interior wall surface of the pipe before compressing and expanding to form the said fluid tight seal. According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of seating one end of a pitot tube type or other flow meter probe against the interior wall surface of a pipe opposite a side-opening port through which the probe is inserted and thereafter sealing and holding the probe in a fixed axial position within a tubular guideway that extends outwardly from, and is aligned with, said port and upon which means are detachably mounted to cooperate with a movable abutment to limit any movement of the probe in a direction that would otherwise withdraw the probe from the pipe characterised by actuating the movable abutment to push compressible packing material surrounding the body of the probe and displaceable therealong against a fixed abutment provided on the probe thereby forcing the probe deeper into the pipe until the said one end of the probe seats on the said opposite interior wall surface and thereafter continuing to advance the movable abutment to compress and expand the packing material between the two abutments to form a continuous fluid-tight seal within the tubular guideway around the body of the probe. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a section, portions of which have been broken away to conserve space, showing a pitot tube and its mounting assembly with a pipe in relaxed position preparatory to seating the free end of the probe body against the opposite surface of the pipe; Fig. 2 is another section similar to Fig. 1 and to the same scale but showing the probe body in seated position and a movable abutment about to continue its inward excursion to compress and expand the packing into fluid-tight sealed relation against the fixed abutment carried by the probe; Fig. 3 is still another section similar to Figs. 1 and 2 but differing therefrom in that it reveals the probe body seated, the annular fluid-tight seal formed therearound and the blowout preventing sub-assembly in place; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section to the same scale as the preceding Figures showing a modified version of the assembly wherein a pair of spring washers is interposed between the movable abutment and the packing, and Figure 5 is another fragmentary section showing a still further modification in which a cap nut of the preceding embodiments used to move the movable abutment is replaced by a simple flat plate bolted to the tubular guide sleeve of a conventional flanged side-opening port in the pipe wall. Referring next to the drawings for a detailed description of a preferred embodiment and, initially, to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, reference numeral 10 has been selected to designate broadly the pitot tube type flow measurement probe having in the particular form illustrated a slightly oversize cylindrical body section 12 to which is permanently attached a fixed abutment 14, the latter taking the form of an annular rib welded to the probe body. The pitot tube will have a head, not shown, at which pressures measured will be communicated to appropriate instruments, also not shown. A large diameter pipe 16 having a probe-receiving opening 18 loosely receives a portion 20 of the probe body that will lie within the flow and which contains pressure-sensing ports 22. A mounting assembly that has been indicated in a general way by reference numeral 24 performs several functions including that of guiding the portion 20 of the probe body diametrically across the pipe at right angles to its axis, detachably fastening the unit to the pipe, forming a fluid-tight seal therearound and, incidentally, providing same with blowout protection in case the seal fails or is loosened. In Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, it can be seen that the assembly includes a tubular guide sleeve 26 or other tubular guideway which is welded or otherwise secured to the outside of the pipe 16 and which loosely receives the probe body so as to leave an annular space 28 therebetween for compressible packing 30 along with the relatively non-compressible spacers 32 shown on both the top and bottom thereof in the particular embodiment illustrated. These spacers 32 are not required in the assembly and, therefore, may be left out; however, their inclusion is sometimes recommended to ensure a proper fluid-tight annular seal. The axis of this guide sleeve should be orientated such that it intersects the axis of the pipe at right angles thus ensuring that the probe body axis does likewise. Obviously, the sleeve should be centered as close as is practicable over probe-receiving opening 18. Sleeve 26 is externally screw-threaded at 34 to receive an internally screw-threaded and centrally-apertured cup that defines a cap nut 36 or other cap-like member, internally screw-threaded, the central opening 38 in the top thereof of which is sized loosely to pass the probe body 12 as shown. This cap nut is the actuator of the reference numeral 24 assembly that functions to move the movable abutment 40 up and down relative to the probe body 12 within the annular space 28 left between it and its housing or sleeve 26 for the purposes which will be explained in detail presently. As revealed in Figs. 1-4, the cap nut 36 and movable abutment 40 are separate parts constituting a movable sub-assembly; however, they may be formed integral with one another especially if a washer-like spacer 32 which can effectively resist the resulting relative rotational movement of the movable abutment is interposed between the latter and the rather frail and easily damaged packing 30. As illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the movable abutment comprises a sleeve slidable along the probe body. In the modified assembly 24M of Fig. 4, the movable abutment includes not only sleeve 40 but one or more wave or other type of spring washers 42 interposed between it and the inturned flange 44 bordering the opening 38 in the cap nut. The packing 30 is shown as comprising a stacked series of rings made out of any one of a number of types of conventional compressible packing materials capable of expanding within the annular space 28 between the probe body and the guide sleeve 26 housing same to form a fluid-tight annular seal therearound. This packing, together with spacers 32, is, of course, confined within annular space 28 between the fixed abutment 14 and the sleeve or other movable abutment 40. Next, with particular reference to Fig.1 it can be seen that in the particular form shown, the maximum outside diameter of the fixed abutment 14 is such that it will not pass through the probe-receiving opening 18 in the near pipe wall nor would it likely pass any other obstruction therebetween such as, for example, a projection on sleeve 26 projecting into annular space 28 which could, conceivably form a part of the mounting assembly 24. Thus, the portion of the near wall of the pipe 16 bordering opening 18 or some other obstruction could, conceivably, constitute a stop effective to prevent the remote end 46 of the probe body from reaching and bottoming-out on the opposite pipe wall 48. Accordingly, knowing the permissible dimensional variations in a given size pipe fabricated from various materials which can be substantial, it is important that the gap 50 left between the opposed surfaces of the pipe 16 or any other obstruction and the fixed abutment 14 is at least equal, and preferably substantially exceeds, the maximum oversize variation in the diameter of the pipe into which the probe will be introduced. When thus dimensioned, one is assured that the remote end 46 of the probe can seat securely against the opposite pipe wall 48 before the fixed abutment 14 can contact any stop-forming obstruction on the near wall of the pipe or sleeve 26. While on the subject of dimensional anomalies in the pipe, it is, of course, as much of a possibility that the pipe is undersized as oversized. If undersized, there is no problem of the probe body seating against the remote pipe wall; however, one must ensure that cap nut 36 is securely fastened to sleeve 26. Accordingly, the length of movable abutment 40 can be selected to accommodate any particular oversize or undersize situation. Starting with Fig. 1 and continuing on to Figs. 2 and 3, the method of mounting and sealing the probe to ensure its being bottomed-out against the opposite pipe wall will now be described. Initially, as seen in Fig. 1, all the elements of the mounting assembly are loose and the remote end 46 of the probe body lies spaced apart from the opposite pipe wall 48. However, it is significant to note that the gap 52 left between the remote end 46 of the probe and the opposite pipe wall 48 is considerably smaller than the gap 50 left between the opposed surfaces of the near wall of the pipe bordering opening 18 therein or any other obstruction and the fixed abutment 14. Next, looking at Fig. 2, it can be seen that the cap nut 36 has been screwed down part way onto the threaded neck 34 of guide sleeve 26 so as to push the movable abutment 40 down atop the stack of packing rings 30 and spacers 32 which, in turn, press against the fixed abutment 14 to force the probe inward until its remote end 46 seats securely against the opposite pipe wall 48, all without the fixed abutment striking any abutment ahead of it. Significantly, the packing rings 30 will have been compressed very little since both the probe body 12 and its fixed abutment 14 can yield and move with them and the assembly thereabove as the portion 20 of the probe 10 moves on into the pipe. Once the remote end 46 of the probe body 12 seats against the opposite pipe wall 48, however, the situation changes and the sequence shown in Fig. 3 begins. Obviously, there can be no more essentially coordinated movement of the fixed and movable abutments, the probe body, the packing, the spacers and the cap nut as was the case up until the probe end 46 reached the opposite pipe wall since the probe and its fixed abutment have stopped all further movement relative to the pipe. On the other hand, the cap nut 36 can continue to move inward toward the pipe as it is screwed further down onto the threaded neck 34 of the guide sleeve 26. As the movable abutment and the cap nut move down relative to the fixed abutment as seen in Fig.3, the packing 30 is compressed therebetween and expanded to fill the progressively smaller annular volume defined between these abutments and the opposed surfaces of the guide sleeve and the probe body inside thereof until an annular fluid-tight seal is formed therebetween. The tightly compressed packing, in addition to forming the annular seal, also securely fastens the probe in bottomed-out position within the pipe. It is important to note that the seal cannot be formed nor can the probe be held in a fixed position relative to the pipe until the probe is, in fact, bottomed-out as aforementioned because sequentially the probe must reach the end of its axial travel before the packing can be compressed. Also, the probe cannot back out of the pipe until the seal comes loose or is intentionally loosened. If the seal comes loose or is loosened on purpose, the inturned flange 44 atop of the capnut 36 that engages the movable abutment 40 when screwed inward so as to fasten and seal the probe in place within its mounting assembly will also function in any of its various threadedly-connected positions to block the removal of the probe and thus prevent a blowout. Even if the collar were not connected in some way to the sleeve, it would eventually come into contact with the inner end of packing gland 36 thus preventing a blowout provided that the packing gland was threadedly connected to the sleeve as he shows it. Turning attention briefly to Fig 4, a slightly modified form of the mounting assembly 24M has been shown in which one or more wave or other form of spring-type washers 42 are interposed between the inturned flange 44 on the capnut 36 and the top of the movable abutment 40. These washers are added for the purpose of maintaining the packing 28 under a more or less constant and yieldable, but nonetheless predictable, compression load which is somewhat more difficult to achieve with the cap nut itself. In addition, these washers function to take up any space caused by expansion of the pipe or relaxation of the packing so as to maintain packing loading. Nevertheless, the assembly works quite satisfactorily without them. Finally, looking at Fig. 5, a still further modified form of the mounting assembly 24N has been shown wherein a cylindrical guide tube 26M is welded in place atop a centrally-apertured flange 54T that mates with a like flange 54B which, in the particular form shown, is formed integral with a collar 56 that defines a side-opening entryway 18M into the pipe 16M. In accordance with standard practice, the flanges are bolted together using bolts 58 with a gasket 60 between the flanges. Replacing the cap nut 36 of Figs. 1-4 is a cap plate 62 corresponding functionally to the inturned flange 44 of the latter but differing therefrom in that it contains a series of apertures 64 which align with corresponding internally threaded screw-receiving sockets 66 in the top of the sleeve 26M through which and into which the cap screws 68 thread. Thus, the cap plate, cap screws and guide tube cooperate in the same way as elements 26 and 36 of the previously-described embodiment to provide an actuator sub-assembly operative to push the movable abutment 40 down against the stack of packing rings 30 and spacers 32. The sub-assembly that comprises the aforementioned movable abutment 40, packing rings 30 and fixed abutment 14, with or without the spacers 32, remains the same as that of the previously-described embodiment and modifications thereof and functions in the same way as the cap screws are screwed deeper into their respective sockets to draw down the cap plate. Some further modification of the flanged embodiment of Fig. 5 would, obviously, be required to accommodate the wave or other form of spring-type washers 42 without having to drill them to accept the cap screws. There remain, of course, other mounting assemblies, conventional and otherwise, that will accommodate the movable abutment, the packing and the annulus for the latter to expand into while forming the seal that will be the full function equivalent of the instant invention, yet which have not been illustrated. Although the probe body has been illustrated as extending at right angles to the pipe or duct longitudinal axis, this relationship can be varied while making use of the method and apparatus in accordance with the invention. The embodiment hereinbefore described is believed to provide a virtually foolproof method and apparatus for ensuring that the probe body is secured seated against the pipe wall surface opposite to the entry port and, while doing so, forms a fluid-tight seal around the probe and prevents it from blowing out under pressure should the seal fail or not have been made tight in the first place. This desirable end is accomplished by the novel expedient of using the packing 30 and the abutment 40 movable thereagainst to push against the fixed abutment 14 on the probe body for the purpose of driving the remote end 46 thereof against the opposite pipe wall surface. Thereafter, once the probe has bottomed-out and no further inward movement of it or the fixed abutment carried thereby relative to the pipe is possible, the movable abutment is moved further in to narrow the gap left between it and the fixed abutment so as to squeeze the packing therebetween and cause the latter to expand into fluid-tight sealed relation to the probe by compressing it into the annular space left between the probe and the tubular housing 34 therefor. To accomplish this, a sufficient annular gap must be left between the fixed abutment and any fixed obstruction between it and the remote end of the probe to accommodate any gap that might be encountered between the probe end and the adjacent pipe wall resulting from dimensional irregularities, deformation of the pipe or other anomalies. If the element of the assembly responsible for moving the movable abutment 40 relative to the fixed one is also adjustably attached for relative axial movement to the tubular sleeve 34 welded to the pipe that houses and guides the probe body 10 for insertion into the opening therefor in said pipe wall, such element will also function when thus connected to define a stop effective to prevent the probe from blowing out under pressure should the seal fail or come loose or be loosened.

Claims: Apparatus for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid comprising a pipe (16) for the passage of the fluid and having a tubular guideway (26) that extends outwardly from, and is aligned with, a side-opening probe-entry port (18); a pitot tube type or other flow meter probe (10) which, upon assembly, is inserted through the tubular guideway (26) and probe-entry port (18) so that one end (46) of the probe (10) approaches the interior wall surface (48) of the pipe (16) opposite the port (18); compressible packing material (30) surrounding the body of the probe and displaceable therealong for sealing the probe (10) within the tubular guideway (26); a first abutment (40) movable along the body of the probe to push the packing material (30) against a second and fixed abutment (14) provided on the probe (10) thereby compressing and expanding the packing material (30) therebetween to form a continuous annular fluid-tight seal around the body of the probe; and means (36) cooperating with the movable abutment (40), said means (36) defining a stop (44) that engages the packing material (30) and limits any movement of the probe (10) in a direction that would otherwise withdraw the probe (10) from the pipe (16) characterized in that the fixed abutment (14) provided on the body of the probe is spaced from any obstruction between the fixed abutment (14) and the said one end (46) of the probe (10) which upon assembly approaches the interior wall surface (48) of the pipe (16) a distance greater than that which separates the said one end (46) from the said interior wall surface (48), displacement of the movable abutment (40) thereby causing the packing material (30) to push against the fixed abutment (14) and force the probe (10) deeper into the pipe (16) until the said one end (46) of the probe (10) seats against the interior wall surface (48) of the pipe (16) before compressing and expanding to form the said fluid tight seal. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that the means (36) cooperating with the movable abutment (40) detachably comprise actuating means (36,62) mounted on the tubular guideway (26) for axial movement relative thereto along the body of the probe to actuate the movable abutment (40). Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the packing material (30) comprises a stack of at least two compressible rings. Apparatus according to any preceding claim characterised in that the fixed abutment (14) comprises a continuous annular rib (14) encircling the body of the probe. Apparatus according to any preceding claim characterised in that the movable abutment (40) includes a ring at least partially encircling the body of the probe capable of being received within the tubular guideway (26). Apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 5 characterised in that the actuating means (36) comprises a centrally-apertured, cup-like member mounted by a screw thread (34) on the tubular guideway (26) for rotational and hence axial movement relative thereto and to the body of the probe (10) and the packing material (30). Apparatus according to claim 3 or any of claims 4 to 6 when dependent on claim 3 characterised in that the stack of compressible rings (30) is bounded at each end by substantially incompressible rings (32) defining spacers between said stack (30) and the fixed and movable abutments (14,40). Apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 7 characterised in that at least one spring-type washer (42) is interposed between the actuating means (36) and the movable abutment (40) encircling the body of the probe within the tubular guideway (26). Apparatus according to any of claims 2 to 5 characterised in that the actuating means (36) comprises a centrally-apertured cup-like member capable of sliding along the body of the probe into abuting engagement with the movable abutment (40), said cup being threadedly connected to the tubular guideway (26) for rotational and consequential axial movement relative thereto and to said abutments (40,14), packing material (30) and probe body. A method of seating one end (46) of a pitot tube type or other flow meter probe (10) against the interior wall surface (48) of a pipe (16) opposite a side-opening port (18) through which the probe is inserted and thereafter sealing and holding the probe (10) in a fixed axial position within a tubular guideway (26) that extends outwardly from, and is aligned with, said port (18) and upon which means (36) are detachably mounted to cooperate with a movable abutment (40) to limit any movement of the probe (10) in a direction that would otherwise withdraw the probe (10) from the pipe (16) characterised by actuating the movable abutment (40) to push compressible packing material (30) surrounding the body of the probe and displaceable therealong against a fixed abutment (14) provided on the probe (10) thereby forcing the probe (10) deeper into the pipe (16) until the said one end (46) of the probe (10) seats on the said opposite interior wall surface (48) and thereafter continuing to advance the movable abutment (40) to compress and expand the packing material (30) between the two abutments (40,14) to form a continuous fluid-tight seal within the tubular guideway (26) around the body of the probe. A method according to claim 10 characterised in that the means (36) cooperating with the movable abutment (40) is mounted on the tubular guideway (26) for axial movement relative thereto and serves to actuate the movable abutment (40).

Inventors: ALSTON, NORMAN A., KALIN, HORST W.
Applicants: DELAWARE CAPITAL FORMATION INC.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G01F1
IPC codes: G01F15, G01F1