TAPPING CONTROLLER

Abstract: Tapping is effected by turning a main spindle (14) and moving a Z spindle in synchronism with each other by distributing the pulses. The controller has a time constant-determining portion (2) operating in accordance with the speed of the main spindle. The time constant is determined (2) from an instructed speed of the main spindle and is given to acceleration/deceleration control circuits (10,20) to effect the tapping. The time constant is selected in accordance with the revolving speed of the main spindle. When the main spindle is revolving at a high speed, a large time constant is selected to prevent overshooting. When the main spindle is revolving at a low speed, a small time constant is selected to effect the machining at high speeds.

Description: The present invention relates to a tapping control apparatus for controlling tapping operation of a numerically controlled machine tool, and more particularly to a tapping control apparatus for effecting high-speed, stable tapping operation by automatically determining an acceleration/deceleration constant for the rotational speed of the spindle of a machine tool. Demands for higher-speed machining operation require tapping operations to be also carried out at higher speed. For tapping metals such as aluminum, it is necessary that the rotational speed of a spindle and the speed of feeding movement (or advance) along a Z-axis be in synchronism with each other with high accuracy. To meet this requirement, the conventional tapping process employing a floating tapper is replaced with a rigid tapping process which uses a rigid tapper and keeps the rotation of a spindle and the feeding movement along a Z-axis in synchronism through pulse distribution for tapping operation. The applicant has filed two applications, Japanese Patent Applications Nos. 61-175868 and 61-175869 directed to the rigid tapping process. In the disclosed tapping process, only a single time constant is used for acceleration/deceleration control for the rotation of the spindle and the feeding movement along the Z-axis, with the result that the problem of overshooting or the like is brought about when high-speed tapping operation is performed. If a large time constant is selected, the time required for machining is increased at low-speed operation. From JP-A-60-146649 it is known to provide control of the rotational speed of the spindle for synchronism with the rate of its advance, by means of a feedback control. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tapping control apparatus for effecting high-speed, stable tapping operation by automatically determining an acceleration/deceleration time constant for the rotational speed and advance of the spindle of a machine tool. In accordance with the present invention there is provided a tapping control apparatus for effecting a tapping operation by synchronizing the rotational speed of a tapping spindle and its speed of advance along a Z-axis, characterised by a time constant determining means for determining an acceleration/deceleration time constant according to the commanded rotational speed of the spindle; and an acceleration/deceleration control circuit responsive to the determined time constant for controlling the acceleration of the spindle to the commanded speed of rotation and corresponding speed of advance and the deceleration of the spindle from the commanded speed of rotation and corresponding speed of advance in order to prevent over-run. Since the time constant is selected according to the rotational speed of the spindle, when the rotational speed of the spindle is high, the time constant is large thereby preventing overshooting, and when the rotational speed of the spindle is low, the time constant is small enabling high-speed tapping operation. An example of apparatus according to the invention will now be described with reference to figure 1, which is a block diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus. Denoted in FIG. 1 at 1 is a pulse distribution circuit for issuing output pulses Ps for rotating a spindle and output pulses Pz for controlling feeding movement along a Z-axis, in response to a command P (the pitch of screw threads to be formed) and S (the rotational speed of the spindle). The pulses Ps, Pz are calculated in order to synchronise the rotation of the spindle and the movement along the Z-axis for tapping operation in conformity with the lead of screw threads. Specifically, assuming that the speed of Ps is converted to the rotational speed of the spindle S (rpm), the speed of Pz is indicated as Vz (mm/min.), and the lead of screw threads is indicated by P (mm), the pulses are distributed to meet the equation: Vz (mm/min.) = S (rpm) . P (mm) Designated at 2 is a time constant determining means which has a time constant table 3 having time constants T corresponding to spindle rotational speeds S. when a spindle rotational speed S is commanded, a time constant T which corresponds to the commanded spindle speed is selected from the table 2. For example, time constants can be selected from the time constant table according to spindle rotational speeds, as follows: S (spindle rotational speed, rpm) T (time constant, msec) 0 ∼ 500 50 501 ∼ 1500 100 1501 ∼ 2500 150 The selected time constant is sent to acceleration/ deceleration control circuits. An acceleration/deceleration control circuit 10 for a spindle motor serves to accelerate and decelerate the distributed pulses Ps with a time constant T. An acceleration/ deceleration control circuit 20 for movement along the Z-axis serves to accelerate and decelerate the distributed pulses Pz for the Z-axis with a time constant T. The output pulses for the spindle, which have been controlled by the acceleration/deceleration control circuit 10, are fed to an error counter 11 to count up the same. The error counter 11 is counted up by the output pulses, and counted down by feedback pulses (described later). Therefore, the error counter 11 contains the difference between the output pulses and the feedback pulses, and the difference is converted to an analog command signal by a D/A converter (not shown). The analog command signal is then output from the error counter 11 to a spindle driver circuit 12 to control the rotation of a spindle motor 13. The spindle motor 13 is operatively coupled to a spindle 14 through gears (not illustrated) for rotating the spindle. To the spindle, there is coupled a position detector 15, either directly or through gears, for generating feedback pulses dependent on the rotation of the spindle. Although not shown in detail, the error counter 11, the spindle driver circuit 12, the spindle motor 13, the spindle 14, and the position detector 15 constitute a speed feedback loop in a known manner. The output pulses for the Z-axis, which have been controlled by the acceleration/deceleration control circuit 20, are fed to an error counter 21 to count up the same. The error counter 21 is counted up by the output pulses, and counted down by feedback pulses (described later). Therefore, the error counter 21 contains the difference between the output pulses and the feedback pulses, and the difference is converted to an analog command signal by a D/A converter (not shown). The analog command signal is then fed from the error counter 21 to a Z-axis driver circuit 22 to control the rotation of a Z-axis servomotor 23. The Z-axis motor 23 is operatively coupled to a Z-axis shaft through gears (not shown) for moving the Z-axis shaft. To the Z-axis servomotor 23, there is coupled a position detector 25 for generating feedback pulses dependent on the rotation of the Z-axis servomotor. Although not shown in detail, the error counter 21, the Z-axis driver circuit 22, the servomotor 23, and the position detector 25 constitute a speed feedback loop in a known manner. Since a workpiece is tapped with a time constant T corresponding to a commanded spindle rotational speed S, the drawback of overshooting or the like is not caused even when the spindle rotational speed is high. When the spindle rotational speed is low, the time constant is selected to be small for higher machining speed. While in the above embodiment the time constant determining means 2 employs the time constant table 3, it may be replaced with a means for determining an acceleration/deceleration time constant T expressed by: T = KS where S is the rotational speed of the spindle, and K is a constant. With the present invention, as described above, inasmuch as an acceleration/deceleration constant is selected according to the rotational speed of the spindle by the time constant determining means, the problem of over-shooting or the like is not developed at high speed, and the tapping time is reduced at low speed.

Claims: A tapping control apparatus for effecting a tapping operation by synchronizing the rotational speed of a tapping spindle (14) and its speed of advance along a Z-axis, characterized by a time constant determining means (2) for determining an acceleration/deceleration time constant according to the commanded rotational speed of the spindle; and an acceleration/deceleration control circuit (10,20) responsive to the determined time constant for controlling the acceleration of the spindle to the commanded speed of rotation and corresponding speed of advance and the deceleration of the spindle from the commanded speed of rotation and corresponding speed of advance in order to prevent over-run. A tapping control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the time constant determining means has a table (3) containing spindle rotational speeds and time constants corresponding to the spindle rotational speeds, respectively. A tapping control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the time constant determining means includes means for determining a time constant T expressed by: T = KS where S is the rotational speed of the spindle and K is a constant.

Inventors: KAWAMURA, HIDEAKI, SASAKI, TAKAO
Applicants: FANUC LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G05B19
IPC codes: G05B19, B23G1