SORBITOL COATED COMESTIBLE AND METHOD OF PREPARATION

Abstract: A process for producing a sorbitol coated comestible is disclosed. The process comprises applying to a substantially anhydrous edible core at least two coating solutions comprising sorbitol to coat the edible core, wherein the first coating solution comprises: (a) about 77 to about 81 wt % sorbitol solution comprising about 65 to about 75 wt % sorbitol; (b) about 9.5 to about 12.5 wt % crystalline sorbitol powder; (c) about 0.25 to about 1.5 wt % of at least one film-forming agent; and (d) about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt % of at least one crystallization retardant; and wherein the second coating solution comprises: (a) about 82 to about 92 wt % sorbitol solution comprising about 65 to about 75 wt % sorbitol; (b) about 1.0 to about 2.5 wt % crystalline sorbitol powder; (c) about 0.05 to about 2.0 wt % of at least one film-forming agent; and (d) about 0.1 to about 0.3 wt % of at least one crystallization retardant; and after application of each coating solution, the solution is dried to prepare a final product which is a smooth, hard, and crunchy comestible.

Description: This invention relates to a process for producing a sorbitol coated comestible and to the sorbitol coated comestibles produced therefrom. In the past, chewing gums in the form of shaped centers or cores, e.g. pellet gums, have been coated both with sugar and sugarless coatings to produce a candy-like, crunchy outer taste in the mouth with a chewable gum center portion. Conventionally, the core is a soft chewing gum portion, whereas the coating is crunchy or hard. In the case of sugarless coatings, aqueous solutions of xylitol, mannitol, maltitol and sorbitol, known as syrups, have been primarily employed. Such syrups may contain additives such as moisture absorbing compounds, anti-adherent compounds, dispersing agents, film-forming agents, binders and the like. U.S. Patent No. 4,127,677 to Fronczkowski et al., issued November 28, 1978, discloses a xylitol-coated chewing gum. The coating is applied via a coating syrup containing from 55% to 70% solids of which from 95% to 99.5% is xylitol. The solids also include 0.5% to 1.5% of colorant (e.g., titanium dioxide), and 0.5% to 1.5% binder and/or suspending agent (e.g., gum arabic). U.S. Patent No. 4,238,510 to Cherukuri et al., issued December 9, 1980, discloses a sugarless coated comestible whose coating comprises a sweet material in crystalline form. The coating consisted essentially of sorbitol alone or in admixture, mannitol, and/or hydrogenated starch hydrolysate. The sorbitol is disclosed as being present in an amount within the range of from 45% to 90% by weight of the coating. Also disclosed is a method for applying the sugarless coating to centers. The method includes the steps of applying to the centers a first coating syrup which contains a sweetener such as sorbitol and/or other non-sugar sweetener, for example, mannitol or hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, an adhesion or binder component and a film-forming component, to thereby coat the centers with the first coating syrup, then a dusting mix is applied to the centers coated with the first coating syrup. The dusting mix includes one or more sweeteners, such as employed in the first coating syrup, in powdered form, and a moisture absorbing component, an anti-sticking component and a dispersing agent. It is disclosed that if desired, a second coating syrup may be applied to smooth out the coating of the centers and provide a shine thereto. The second coating generally includes ingredients similar to that present in the dusting mix but dispersed in water. U.S. Patent No. 4,317,838 to Cherukuri et al., issued March 21, 1986, discloses a method for forming a sugarless coating on centers of chewing gum or other comestibles which includes the steps of applying to the centers a coating syrup which contains a sweetener such as sorbitol and/or other non-sugar sweetener, an adhesion or binder component such as gum arabic and a film forming component, an anti-adherent or filler component, and a dispersing agent to thereby coat the centers with the coating syrup. A dusting mix including one or more sweeteners, such as employed in the coating syrup, in powdered form, and a moisture absorbing component, an anti-adherent component and a dispersing agent are also employed. The problems associated with forming a sorbitol coating on comestibles, e.g. chewing gum, have been many. These problems include chipping, flaking, and cracking of the coating upon the attainment of the desired coating thickness, mottling of the coating, poor texture (such as a rough surface), and lack of crunchiness upon the initial chewing of the comestible. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that some of these problems may be due to inflexibility of the coating in response to the geometric shape of the comestible being coated, a deficiency in the film-forming properties of the coating, and a lack of uniformity in the crystallization of the sweetener throughout the coating. Therefore, a process for producing a sorbitol coated comestible, which coating has a good appearance, good texture, good flexibility relative to the shape of the comestible being coated, good film-forming properties, and good crunchiness, would be a welcome contribution to the art. Such a contribution is provided by this invention. This invention provides a process for producing a sorbitol coated comestible whose coating has good appearance, good texture, good flexibility, good film-forming properties, and good crunchiness. That is, the coated comestible so prepared has a smooth, hard, and crunchy coating. The sorbitol coating is obtained by applying to the comestible at least two coating solutions, each solution comprising a saturated sorbitol solution, a crystalline sorbitol powder, one or more film-forming agents and one or more crystallization retardants, and then drying the coated comestible after each coating is applied. The criticality of the amounts of saturated sorbitol solution and crystalline sorbitol powder is such that amounts outside the required ranges, either above, or below, results in coatings deficient in one or more of the desired properties set forth heretofore. The coating solution can additionally contain binders, plasticizers and moisture absorbants, as well as other known in the art additives, such as, for example artificial sweeteners. Also provided are the sorbitol coated comestibles produced by the process of this invention. Thus, this invention provides a process for producing a sorbitol coated comestible which comprises applying to a substantially anhydrous edible core at least two coating solutions comprising sorbitol to coat the edible core, wherein the first solution comprises by weight: (a) 77 to 81 %, preferably 79 to 80 %, sorbitol solution comprising 65 to 75 %, preferably 70 %, sorbitol by weight of the sorbitol solution; (b) 9.5 to 12.5 %, preferably 10 to 12 % most preferably 10.2 to 11.8 % crystalline sorbitol powder; (c) 0.25 to 1.5 % preferably 0.3 to 1.5 % most preferably 0.5 to 1.0 % of at least one film-forming agent; and (d) 0.1 to 5.0 % preferably 1.3 to 5 %, and most preferably 1.5 to 4.5 %, of at least one crystallization retardant; and wherein the second coating solution comprises by weight: (a) 82 to 92 %, preferably 85 to 88 %, sorbitol solution comprising 65 to 75 %, preferably 70 %, sorbitol by weight of the solution of sorbitol; (b) 1.0 to 2.5 %, preferably 1.5 to 2.2 %, crystalline sorbitol powder; (c) 0.5 to 2.0 %, preferably 0.6 to 2.0 %, most preferably 0.6 to 1.5 %, of at least one film-forming agent. (d) 0.1 to 0.3 %, preferably 0.15 to 0.25 %, of at least one crystallization retardant; and after application of each coating solution, the solution is dried to prepare a final product which is a smooth, hard, and crunchy comestible. As stated above, the coating solution can additionally contain binders, platicizers, and moisture absorbants as well as other known in the art additives. Therefore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the total percentages of the ingredients of each of the applied coating solutions equal 100 percent. The cores that are coated may be any substantially anhydrous edible or ingestible core capable of having a sorbitol coating applied to it. Such cores include chewing gums, candies, nuts such as almonds, chunks of licorice, jellies, bonbons cast in starch molds, pop-corn (preferably that obtained from corn dough because of a more regular form), tablets obtained by compression of various baked or agglomerated masses, pills or tablets for medicinal or therapeutic purposes, and the like. Preferably, chewing gum is utilized as the core whereby a sugarless coated chewing gum is prepared in a "CHICLETS" (trademark of Warner-Lambert Company) type format. By substantially anhydrous it is meant that either: (a) the edible core has a relatively low moisture content which is available and capable of migrating through or from the edible core into any applied sorbitol coating; or (b) the moisture content that is present in the edible core is not readily available or not readily capable of migrating through or from the core into any applied sorbitol coating. Thus, for example, candy cores comprising nougat or nougat like material having a moisture content up to 10 wt % may be utilized since the moisture available does not readily migrate into any applied sorbitol coating. When the core comprises a chewing gum, the chewing gum composition can have a moisture content up to 5 wt % with up to 3 wt % of water being preferred and up to 2 wt % being most preferred and from 0.5 to 1.5 wt % being even more preferred. The sorbitol solution used is a saturated solution of sorbitol. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the concentration of the sorbitol in the saturated solution may vary in accordance with the temperature of the solution, but generally such saturated solution contains 65 to 75 wt % sorbitol with 70 wt % being preferred. Sufficient saturated sorbitol solution is utilized in the coating solution such that when in combination with the crystalline sorbitol powder, and upon application of the coating solution to a coatable substrate, relatively uniform crystallization of the sorbitol occurs throughout the coating. Similarly, sufficient crystalline sorbitol powder is utilized, relative to the amount of saturated sorbitol solution used, such that when the coating solution is applied to a coatable substrate, relatively uniform crystallization of the sorbitol throughout the coating occurs. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the sorbitol crystalline powder acts as a seed for the saturated sorbitol solution. Therefore, sufficient crystalline sorbitol powder is needed to result in the crystallization of the sorbitol contained in the coating solution. An insufficient amount of such crystalline powder can result in poor crystallization and coatings that do not properly adhere to the substrate applied to. For example, in the application of multiple coatings, the coating being applied may dissolve the previous coating which was applied. This results in coatings having a poor or aesthetically undesirable appearance. Too much crystalline sorbitol powder can result in solutions which are too viscous. Such solutions would not distribute evenly and would not coat evenly on the cores to which it was applied. This would result in a sticky coating, a rough coating and/or a pitted coating. At least one film-forming agent is utilized in the preparation of the coating solution. Representative film-forming agents include hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, (i.e., methyl ether of cellulose) ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, mixtures thereof, and the like. Preferably, a branched chained film-forming agent such as, hydroxypropyl cellulose, is utilized. Preferably, the hydroxypropyl cellulose has a Brookfield viscosity of not less than 145 cps for a 10% aqueous solution at 25°C; and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and the methyl cellulose have a Brookfield viscosity of 12 to 18 cps for a 2% aqueous solution at 25°C. The coating solution can contain more than one film-forming agent and as such, for example, hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose may be utilized. In such a combination the branched chained film-forming agent (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose) can be used in amounts of 0.05 to 1.5 wt % with 0.01 to 0.5 wt % being preferred, and the straight chained film-forming agent (e.g., methyl cellulose) can be used in amounts of 0.5 to 1.0 wt % with 0.1 to 0.5 wt % being preferred. Without wishing to be bound by theory the crystallization retardant is believed to prevent premature crystallization of the sorbitol and therefore prevent, for example clumping or uneven coatings. Representative examples of such retardants include calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium trisilicate, titanium dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The preferred retardants are titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate. Most preferably a combination of calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide is utilized in amounts of 0.2 to 3.0 wt % calcium carbonate, preferably 0.4 to 2.0 wt %, and 0.5 to 1.0 wt % titanium dioxide, preferably 0.25 to 0.8 wt %. Other components such as plasticizers, binders, artificial sweeteners, and moisture absorbants may be added to the coating solution. Plasticizers suitable for use are water soluble. Examples include polyethylene glycol; polyvinylpyrrolidone; oligomers of polypropylene glycol (e.g., such as those having an average molecular weight of 1000 to 2000); polyvinyl alcohol; low molecular weight polyvinyl acetate (e.g., such as average molecular weights of 800 to 1200); water soluble natural gums, such as, alginates, xanthan gum, carrageenan, and agar agar; mixtures thereof; and the like. The plasticizer is optionally used in the first coating solution in amounts of 0.2 to 0.5 wt % with 0.25 to 0.35 wt % being preferred. The second coating solution can optionally contain the plasticizer in amounts from 0.4 to 1.0 wt % with 0.4 to 0.8 wt % being preferred. The preferred plasticizer is polyethylene glycol. Binders suitable for use include gum arabic, xanthan gum, gum tragacanth, tapioca dextrin, modified food starch, zein, mixtures thereof, and the like. Gum arabic is the preferred binder. In the first coating solution the binder is generally used in amounts of 0.05 to 0.2 wt % with 0.05 to 0.15 wt % being preferred. In the second coating solution the binder is generally used in amounts of 0.05 to 0.3 wt % with 0.1 to 0.25 wt % being preferred. Moisture absorbents, when used, can be mannitol, dicalcium phosphate, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silicas, and the like. Examples of silicas which may be useful include amorphous silicas, synthetic amorphous silicas, hydrous silica gels, synthetic silicas, sodium aluminum silicates, precipitated amorphous silicon dioxide of ultra fine particle size, and the like. Usually, the moisture absorbent is used in amounts of 0.5 to 3.0 wt % with 0.5 to 1.5 wt % being preferred in the first coating solution. Preferably mannitol is used as the moisture absorbent. Artificial sweeteners such as the soluble saccharin salts, i.e., sodium or calcium saccharin salts, cyclamate salts, acesulfam-K, and the like, and the free acid form of saccharin may optionally be added to the coating solutions. Dipeptide sweeteners such as L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester and materials described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,131, and the like may also be used. These sweeteners may be used in amounts of 0.005 to 0.5 wt % based on the weight of the total coated comestible, and preferably 0.05 to 0.25 wt %. Usually the first coating solution can contain 0.02 to 0.06 wt %, based on the weight of the coating, preferably 0.03 to 0.06 wt % and most preferably 0.05 wt % of artificial sweetener. The second coating solution can usually contain 0.05 wt % to 0.2 wt %, based on the weight of the coating, with 0.08 wt % to 0.15 wt % being preferred of artificial sweetener. In carrying out the process of the invention, the application of a coating solution can be repeated as many times as necessary to build up a desired coating weight and thickness on the edible cores. For example, a 15% to a 30% shell coating may be obtained from 18 to 40 applications of the first coating solution. The second coating solution may then be applied until the desired amount or thickness is added to the first shell coating. For example, an additional shell coating of 5% to 15 % may be added in 10 to 15 coating solution applications of the second coating solution. Similarly, the third coating solution may be applied in one or more applications until the desired amount or thickness is obtained. The coating solution may be applied utilizing known techniques, such as Pan Coating. For example, in a pan coating method the comestible e.g., chewing gum cores, are placed in a revolving coating pan and dedusted using cool dry air. The coating solution is added to the revolving pan in portions until the desired amount or thickness of coating is deposited on the comestible. Before each subsequent portion of coating solution is applied, the prior coating is allowed to dry by gently flowing warm air ( 80°F to 95°F at 250 CFM to 500 CFM) over the comestible. Generally, the coating dries in from 3 to 6 minutes. At any desired point in the sequence of coating applications flavoring agents may be added if desired. Usually the flavoring agents are added as a separately applied coating to the shell being produced. Preferably, upon attainment of the desired coating amount or thickness, a coating comprising a binder may be applied to the sorbitol coated comestible thereby resulting in a binder coating on the sorbitol coated comestible. After all the coating solutions are applied the coated comestible may then be placed in a polishing pan for the addition of the sealing coating hereinafter described. The binder coating is applied using a coating solution comprising at least one binder heretofore described. The solution can contain 20 to 30 wt % binder with 25 wt % being preferred. Conveniently, the binder used in the binder coating solution and the coating solutions comprising sorbitol, when such binder is used therein, is the same. Flavoring Agents (flavorings) may be added to the coating. Suitable flavoring agents include those described hereinafter for use in the chewing gum compositions. When applied in the coating the flavoring agent is usually used in amounts of 0.05 to 0.10 wt % with 0.06 to 0.09 wt % being preferred, and 0.07 to 0.09 wt % being most preferred. After the final application of coating solution, and after such applied coating has dried, a sealing coating is preferably applied to the coated comestible. The sealing coating seals out moisture and aids in giving the coated comestible a polished appearance. The sealing coating comprises a sealant such as, for example, a blend of natural and artificial food grade waxes (such as a blend of beeswax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, and the like), candelilla wax, paraffin wax, shellac, and the like. Usually, the sealing coating comprises 0.01 to 0.6 wt % of the total coating with 0.05 to 0.2 wt % being preferred. When the edible core is chewing gum, the chewing gum composition may be formulated from standard ingredients and by known methods in the art. The composition is comprised of a gum base and such additional additives which would ordinarily be included to comprise a sugarless chewing gum composition, i.e., sweeteners comprising natural or synthetic sugar substitutes, flavor, fillers and the like; or, where utilized, to comprise a sugar containing chewing gum composition, i.e., corn syrup, sugar, flavor, fillers and the like. Suitable chewing gum compositions are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,514,422 to Yang et al., issued April 30, 1985; U.S. Patent No. 4,579,738 to Cherukuri et al., issued April 1, 1986; U.S. Patent 4,581,234 to Cherukuri et al., issued April 8, 1986; and U.S. Patent No. 4,587,125 to Cherukuri et al., issued May 6, 1986 the disclosures of each being incorporated herein by reference thereto. The amount of gum base employed will vary greatly depending on various factors such as the type of base used, consistency desired and other components used to make the final product. In general, amounts of 5% to 45% by weight of the final chewing gum composition are acceptable for use in chewing gum compositions with preferred amounts of 15% to 25% by weight. The gum base used in this invention may be any water-insoluble gum base well known in the art. Illustrative examples of suitable polymers in gum bases include both natural and synthetic elastomers and rubbers. For example, those polymers which are suitable in gum bases include, without limitation, substances of vegetable origin such as chicle, jelutong, gutta percha and crown gum. Synthetic elastomers such as butadiene-styrene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, polyethylene, polyisobutylene, polyvinylacetate and mixtures thereof, are particularly useful. The gum base composition may contain elastomer solvents to aid in softening the rubber component. Such elastomer solvents may comprise methyl, glycerol or pentaerythritol esters of rosins or modified rosins, such as hydrogenated, dimerized or polymerized rosins or mixtures thereof. Examples of elastomer solvents suitable for use herein include pentaerythritol ester of partially hydrogenated wood rosin, penataerythritol ester of wood rosin, glycerol ester of partially dimerized rosin, glycerol ester of polymerized rosin, glycerol ester of tall oil rosin, glycerol ester of wood rosin and partially hydrogenated wood rosin, and partially hydrogenated methyl ester of rosin and mixtures thereof. The elastomer solvent may be employed in an amount ranging from 10% to 75% and preferably 45% to 70% by weight of the gum base. A variety of traditional ingredients used as plasticizers or softeners such as lanolin, stearic acid, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, glyceryl triacetate, glycerin, lecithin, and glyceryl monostearate and the like, may also be incorporated into the gum base to obtain a variety of desirable textures and consistency properties. These additional materials are generally employed in amounts of up to 30% by weight and preferably in amounts of from 3% to 5% by weight of the final gum base composition. The chewing gum compositions employing the instant gum bases generally contain sweetening agents. The sweetening agent may be selected from a wide range of materials including water-soluble agents, water-soluble artificial sweeteners, and dipeptide based sweeteners, including mixtures thereof. Without being limited to particular sweeteners, representative illustrations encompass: A. Water-soluble sweetening agents such as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides such as xylose, ribose, glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, dextrose, sucrose, sugar, maltose, partially hydrolyzed starch or corn syrup solids and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, xylitol mannitol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate and mixtures thereof; B. Water-soluble artificial sweeteners such as the soluble saccharin salts, i.e., sodium or calcium saccharin salts, cyclamate salts, acesulfam-K and the like, and the free acid form of saccharin; and C. Dipeptide based sweeteners such as L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester and materials described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,131 and the like. In general, the amount of sweetener will vary with the desired amount of sweetener selected for a particular chewing gum composition. This amount will normally be 0.01% to 90% by weight when using an easily extractable sweetener. The water-soluble sweeteners described in category A above, are preferably used in amounts of 25% to 75% by weight, and most preferably from 50% 65% by weight of the final chewing gum composition. In contrast, the artificial sweeteners described in categories B and C are used in amounts of 0.005% to 5.0% and most preferably 0.05% to 2.5% by weight of the final chewing gum composition. These amounts are ordinarily necessary to achieve a desired level of sweetness independent from the flavor level achieved from flavor oils. The chewing gum composition of this invention may additionally include the conventional additives of coloring agents such as titanium dioxide; emulsifiers such as lecithin and glyceryl monostearate; and fillers such as aluminum hydroxide, alumina, aluminum silicates, talc, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and combinations thereof. Preferably the amount of fillers used is up to 25% by weight of the gum base. Natural and synthetic flavoring agents well known to the chewing gum art may be added to the chewing gum compositions of the instant invention. These flavoring agents may be chosen from synthetic flavor oils and flavoring aromatics, and/or oils, oleo resins and extracts derived from plants, leaves, flowers, fruits and so forth, and combinations thereof. Representative flavor oils include: spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methylsalicylate), peppermint oils, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, oil of nutmeg, oil of sage, oil of bitter almonds, and cassia oil. Also useful are artificial, natural or synthetic fruit flavors, such as vanilla, and citrus oil, including lemon, orange, grape, lime and grapefruit and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot and so forth. The amount of flavoring agent employed in the chewing gum shell is normally a matter of preference subject to such factors as flavor type, gum base type and strength desired. In general, amounts of 0.5 % to 3.0% by weight of the final chewing gum composition are useable with amounts of 0.3% to 1.5% being preferred and 0.7% to 1.2% being most preferred. The colorants that may be used include pigments such as titanium dioxide and may be incorporated in amounts of up to 1% or higher by weight. Also, the colorants may include other dyes suitable for food, drug and cosmetic applications, and known as F.D.&C. dyes and lakes. The following examples are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations are possible which are within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. In the examples that follow: (1) the saturated sorbitol solution (liquid) contained 70% solid sorbitol and 30% liquid, and was obtained form Roquette Corporation under the product designation Roquette 70/02 Liquid; (2) the crystalline sorbitol powder was in the beta form and was obtained form Pfizer Inc.; (3) the methyl cellulose had a Brookfield viscosity of 12 to 18 cps for a 2% aqueous solution at 25% C; (4) the hydroxypropyl cellulose had a Brookfield viscosity of not less than 145 CPS for a 10% aqueous solution at 25°C; and (5) the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose had a Brookfield viscosity of 12 to 18 cps for a 2% aqueous solution at 25°C. Also, in the examples that follow the chewing gum composition, used as the cores, had a moisture content of 1.5 wt % based on the weight of the chewing gum composition. Additionally, in the examples that follow, unless indicated otherwise, a coating layer applied is dried before a subsequent layer is applied. All percentages recited throughout the specification are based on the weight of solution used unless indicated otherwise. Unless indicated otherwise, in the Examples that follow the procedures and formulations used were as in Example I. EXAMPLE I In this example, representative of the invention, the sorbitol coated chewing gum cores of Table 5 were prepared in a "CHICLETS" (Trademark of Warner-Lambert Company) type format. Solutions A-D, used in making the coated cores are set forth in Tables 1-4, respectively. The solutions were prepared using a G/W Homo-mixer (mixer). In the preparation of the solutions, the order of mixing the ingredients is not critical. However, as those skilled in the art can appreciate, the celluloses which are solids are difficult to dissolve. Therefore, solutions containing them are conveniently made by first dissolving the cellulose in the ingredient having the most amount of water. The celluloses are dissolved using high shear (vigorous mixing) generally before any other solid is dissolved in the solution. This method of mixing is usually used to avoid clumping of the cellulose. In general when Solution D (comprising celluloses) is mixed with another solution it is vigorously mixed until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. The coatings obtained, when chewed, were smooth, hard and crunchy. Solution A No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Saturated Sorbitol Liquid 79.10 2 Crystalline Sorbitol Powder 10.25 3 Mannitol 1.00 4 Methyl Cellulose 0.30 5 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 2.85 6 Titanium Dioxide 1.50 7 Solution D 5.00 Solution B No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Saturated Sorbitol Solution 87.16 2 Crystalline Sorbitol Powder 2.14 3 Solution D 10.70 Solution C No Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Gum Arabic 25.0 2 Potable Water 75.0 Solution D No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose 6.00 2 Methyl Cellulose 6.00 3 Polyethylene Glycol 6.00 4 Gum Arabic 2.00 5 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 2.00 6 Water Potable 78.00 Sorbitol Coated Chewing Gum No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Chewing Gum Cores 66.612 2 Solution A 17.588 3 Solution B 15.584 4 Solution C 0.128 5 Peppermint flavor Oil 0.044 6 Wax 0.044 Solution A, Table 1, was prepared by mixing the Ingredients in the order of No. 1, 4 and 3, 5 and 6, slow addition of 2, and slow addition of 7 with vigorous mixing for 4 minutes. When the solution was completely homogeneous it was removed from the Homo-mixer and heated and maintained at 50°C-60°C with agitation during use. Solution A was applied, at about 50°C-60°C, preferably 50°C-55°C. Solution B, Table 2, was prepared by mixing the ingredients in the order of No. 3, 1 (slow addition) and then 2. Solution C, Table 3, was prepared by mixing the ingredients which are removed from the mixer and heated to 70°C after the gum arabic was completely dissolved. The solution was then used at room temperature (24°C). Solution D, Table 4, was prepared by mixing the ingredients in the order of No. 6 (at 70°C to 80°C), 3, 1, 2, and 4 and 5. Solution D was used at room temperature (24°C). The sorbitol coated chewing gum of Table 5 was prepared by placing the chewing gum cores, in the cooper pan. The pan was rotated until all of the shoots were broken into individual cores, i.e., all the cores were separated. Solution A (Table 1), was then applied to the cores in small portions with intermittent drying at 85°F to 92°F until the coated cores had a 20% total shell coating. At a 9% and 19% total shell coating, 1g of peppermint flavor oil was applied. Solution B (Table 2), was applied next in small portions again with intermittent drying until the total shell coating on the core was 31%. At a total shell coating of 21.6%, 1g of peppermint flavor oil was applied. Solution C (Table 3), was applied in small portions again with intermittent drying until the coated cores contained a 31.4% total shell coating. When the coated cores were dry they were placed in a polishing pan and wax coated. The polishing time was 15 to 25 minutes. EXAMPLE II In this example, representative of the invention, the sorbitol coated chewing gum cores of Table 9 were prepared. Solutions A, D and E used in making the coated cores are set forth in Tables 7 to 9, respectively. Solution B was prepared as in Example I, except for the use of Solution D of Table 7, and Solution C was prepared as in Example I. When chewed it was found that the coating produced on the chewing gum cores was smooth, hard and crunchy. SOLUTION A No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Saturated Sorbitol Liquid 79.10 2 Crystalline Sorbitol Powder 10.25 3 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose 0.30 4 Propylene Glycol USP 1.00 5 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 2.85 6 Titanium Dioxide USP 1.50 8 Solution D 5.00 Solution D No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose 6.0 2 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose 6.0 3 Polyethylene Glycol 6.0 4 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 2.0 5 Water, Potable 80.0 Solution E No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Oil of Peppermint 88.9 2 Menthol Crystal 11.1 Sorbitol Coated Chewing Gum No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Chewing Gum Cores 69.27 2 Solution A 15.67 3 Solution B 14.81 4 Solution C 0.11 5 Solution E 0.09 6 Wax 0.05 The coated chewing gum, Table 9, was prepared as follows: (A) Solution A was applied until the coated cores contained a 19.7% total shell coating. At a 3% and a 10% total coating, 1.25g and 3g of Solution E, respectively, was applied. (B) Solution B was then applied until a 29% total shell coating was obtained. At a 25% total shell coating, 1.5g of Solution E was applied. (C) Solution C was applied until the coated cores contained a 29.6% total shell coating. EXAMPLE III In this example, representative of the invention, the sorbitol coated chewing gum cores of Table 13 were prepared. Solutions A, B and D used in making the coated cores are presented in Tables 10-12, respectively. Solution C was prepared as in Example I. When chewed it was found that the coatings obtained were smooth, hard, and crunchy. Solution A No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Saturated Sorbitol Liquid 79.10 2 Crystalline Sorbitol Powder 11.25 3 Methyl Cellulose 0.30 4 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 2.85 5 Titatnium Dioxide 1.50 6 Solution D 5.00 Solution B No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Saturated Sorbitol Liquid 81.69 2 Crystalline Sorbitol Powder 2.01 3 Solution D 16.30 Solution D No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose 6.00 2 Methyl Cellulose 6.50 3 Polyethylene Glycol 6.25 4 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 6.25 5 Water, Potable 75.00 Sorbitol Coated Chewing Gum No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Chewing Gum Cores 66.61 2 Solution A 15.18 3 Solution B 17.84 4 Solution C 0.26 5 Peppermint flavor oil 0.07 6 Wax 0.04 The sorbitol coated chewing gum, Table 13, was prepared as follows: (A) Solution A was applied until the coated cores contained 16.9% total shell coating. At an 8% and a 15% total shell coating 2g and 1.5 g of oil of peppermint was applied, respectively. (B) 0.64 % of the amount of solution C to be applied was applied. (C) Solution B was then applied until the coated cores contained a 29.9% total shell coating. At a 22% total shell coating 1.5g of peppermint flavor oil was applied. (D) Then the remaining amount of Solution C was applied until the coated cores contained a 30% total shell coating. EXAMPLE IV In this example, representative of the invention, the sorbitol coated chewing gum cores of Table 17 were prepared. Solutions A,B and D used in making the coated cores are presented in Tables 14-16, respectively. Solution C was prepared as in Example I. The coatings obtained were smooth, hard and crunchy when subjected to an expert chewing panel. Solution A No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Saturated Sorbitol Liquid 79.10 2 Crystalline Sorbitol Powder 11.75 3 Methyl Cellulose 0.30 4 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 2.85 5 Titanium Dioxide 1.00 6 Solution D 5.00 Solution D No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose 5.00 2 Methyl Cellulose 5.00 3 Calcium Carbonate Precipitated USP 10.00 4 Saccharin Sodium Spray Dry 1.50 5 Titanium Dioxide 1.00 6 Deionized Water 77.50 Sorbitol Coated Chewing Gum No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Chewing Gum Cores 58.872 2 Solution A 28.188 3 Solution B 12.641 4 Solution C 0.195 5 Peppermint Oil Flavor 0.065 6 Menthol Flavor Blend 0.013 7 Candelilla Wax Powder 0.026 Solution A, Table 14, was prepared by mixing the ingredients in the order of No. 1 ( 50°C to about 55°C), 2, 3, 4, and 5, 6 (slowly, vigorous mixing for 10 minutes). Solution B was applied at 30°C to 40°C. Solution D, Table 16 was prepared by mixing the ingredients in the order of No. 6 ( 50°C-53°C), 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The sorbitol coated chewing gum, Table 17, was prepared as follows: (A) Solution A was applied, until the coated cores contained a 29.64% total shell coating. At a 8% or a 10%, and a 19% total shell coating 1.5g and 3.5g of the peppermint flavor oil were applied, respectively. (B) Solution B was then applied until the coated cores, contained a 37.16% total shell coating. At about a total shell coating of 33% 1.0g of the menthol flavor blend was applied. (C) Next Solution C was applied until the coated cores contained a 37.20% total shell coating. (D) The coated cores were then polished using candelilla wax which was sprinkled onto the coated cores in a rotating pan which was run for 10 minutes EXAMPLE V In this example, representative of the invention, the sorbitol coated round nougat cores of Table 18 were prepared. Solutions A and B were prepared as in Example IV. Solution C was prepared an in Example I. Solution D was prepared as in Example IV, except 6.50 wt % methyl cellulose was used and no saccharin was used. When chewed, the coating obtained was smooth, hard and crunchy. SORBITOL COATED NOUGAT No. Ingredients Percent (w/w) 1 Nougat Cores 64.92 2 Solution A 16.06 3 Solution B 18.59 4 Solution C 0.14 5 Peppermint Flavor Oil 0.07 6 Candelilla Wax Powder 0.22 The sorbitol coated nougats, Table 18, were prepared as follows: (A) Solution A was applied to the individual cores in small portions until the coated cores had a 20% total shell coating. At about a 9% and 19% total shell coating 1g of peppermint flavor oil was applied. (B) Solution B was then applied until a 31% total shell coating was obtained. At a total shell coating of 21.6% 1g of peppermint flavor oil was applied. (C) Solution C was then applied until a 31.4% total shell coating was obtained. (D) The coated cores were then polished using candelilla wax which was sprinkled onto the coated cores in a rotating pan which was run for 10 minutes. The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims: A process for producing a sorbitol coated comestible which comprises applying to a substantially anhydrous edible core at least two coating solutions comprising sorbitol to coat the edible core, wherein the first coating solution comprises by weight: (a) 77 to 81 % sorbitol solution comprising 65 to 75 % sorbitol by weight of the sorbitol solution; (b) 9.5 to 12.5 % crystalline sorbitol powder; (c) 0.25 to 1.5 % of at least one film-forming agent; and (d) 0.1 to 5.0 % of at least one crystallization retardant; and wherein the second coating solution comprises by weight: (a) 82 to 92 % sorbitol solution comprising 65 to 75 % sorbitol by weight of the sorbitol solution; (b) 1.0 to 2.5 % crystalline sorbitol powder; (c) 0.05 to 2 % of at least one film-forming agent; and (d) 0.1 to 0.3 % of at least one crystallization retardant; and after application of each coating solution, the solution is dried to prepare a final product which is a smooth, hard, and crunchy comestible. The process of Claim 1 wherein an additional step is added in which a coating solution comprising a binder is applied to said coated comestible after a sorbitol coating has been applied. The process of Claim 1 wherein an additional step is added in which a sealing coating is applied to said coated comestible after a sorbitol coating has been applied. The process of Claim 1 wherein an additional step is added in which the application of each of said first and second solutions is repeated until a desired thickness of sorbitol coating is obtained for each. The process of Claim 1 wherein said first solution additionally contains a plasticizer, a binder, and, optionally a moisture absorbent; and said second solution additionally contains a plasticizer and a binder. The process of Claim 1 wherein said film-forming agent of said first and second coating solution is independently selected form the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin, and mixtures thereof; and said crystallization retardant of said first and second coating solution is independently selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium trisilicate, titanium dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The process of Claim 5 wherein said plasticizer for said first and second solution is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, oligomers of polypropylene glycol, water soluble natural gums, and mixtures thereof; said binder for said first and second solution is selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, xanthan gum, gum tragacanth, tapioca dextrin, and modified food starch, and mixtures thereof; and said moisture absorbent is selected form the group consisting of mannitol, dicalcium phosphate, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silicas, and mixtures thereof. The process of Claim 1 wherein said film-forming agent of said first and second solution is hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose and said crystallization retardant of said first and second solution is titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate. The process of claim 1, wherein said edible core is selected from the group consisting of chewing gum, candy, and a pill or tablet for medicinal or therapeutic purposes. The process of claim 1, wherein: (a) the film forming agent is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, gelatin and mixtures thereof; (b) the crystallisation retardant is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium trisilicate, titanium dioxide and mixtures thereof; (c) the first and second coating solutions optionally comprise at least one binder selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, xanthum gum, gum tragacanth, tapioca dextrin, modified food starch, and mixtures thereof, this binder being used in the first coating solution from 0.05 to 0.2 wt % and in the second coating solution from 0.05 to 0.3 wt %; (d) after application of the first and second coating solution, the edible core is coated with a further coating solution comprising 20 to 30 wt % of a binder selected from the group consisting of gum arabic, xanthum gum, gum tragacanth, tapioca dextrin, modified food starch, and mixtures thereof. The process of Claim, 10 wherein an additional step is added in which a sealing coating is applied to said coated comestible after the coating solution comprising binder has been applied. The process of Claim 11 wherein said sealing coating comprises a sealant selected from the group consisting of a blend of natural and artificial food grade waxes, candelilla wax, paraffin wax and shellac. The process of Claim 10 wherein an additional is added in which the application of each of said first coating solution, second coating solution, and coating solution comprising binder is repeated until a desired thickness of coating for each of said coating solutions is obtained. The process of Claim 10 wherein said first solution additionally contains a plasticizer in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 wt %, and said second solution additionally contains a plasticizer in an amount of 0.4 to 1.0 wt %, said plasticizer for said first and second solutions being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, oligomers of polypropylene glycol, water soluble natural gums, and mixtures thereof. The process of Claim 10 wherein said film-forming agent is a mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose and said crystallization retardant is a mixture of titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate. The process of Claim 10 wherein said binder is gum arabic. The process of Claim 12 wherein an additional step is added in which the application of the coating solutions is repeated until a desired thickness of coating is obtained; and wherein the first solution additionally contains a plasticizer in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 wt % and second solution additionally contains a plasticizer in an amount of 0.4 to 1.0 wt %, said plasticizer for said first and second solutions being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, oligomers of polypropylene glycol, water soluble natural gums, and mixtures thereof; and wherein said first solution optionally contains from 0.5 to 3.0 wt % of a moisture absorbent selected from the group consisting of mannitol, dicalcium phosphate, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, silicas, and mixtures thereof. The process of Claim 17 wherein said plasticizer is polyethylene glycol, the film-forming agent is a mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, the crystallization retardant is a mixture of titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate, the binder is gum arabic, and said moisture absorbent is mannitol. The sorbitol coated comestible according to anyone of the claims 1 to 18.

Inventors: KUO-HOW YANG, ROBERT, SILVA, JOSE NICOLAS, ZAMUDIO-TENA, JOSE FRANCISCO
Applicants: WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: A23L1
IPC codes: A23G4, A23G3, A61K9, A61K47