SIGHTING ARRANGEMENTS

Abstract: A sight for a spotlight, camera or directional microphone comprises an angled partly-reflective panel (32) through which an operator may view a target area, and imaging means comprising a convex lens (42) arranged to produce a virtual image of a point light source (29), reflected in an angled mirror (40), at or near the target area when seen in the panel (32).

Description: SIGHTING ARRANGEMENTS The present invention relates to sighting arrangements, more particularly, but not exclusively, to arrangements for sighting or aiming optical equipment such as lights or cameras. The various aspects of the invention will be described in the specification primarily in terms of their application to lighting equipment such as a spotlight. It will, however, be appreciated that the principles of sighting or aiming on which the arrangements operate make the arrangements equally suitable, with appropriate modifications, for sighting or aiming a variety of other types of equipment which emit, receive, or rely on electromagnetic radiation or sound waves. An example of lighting equipment which requires particular attention to sighting or aiming is a theatrical follow spot. This is the type of lantern which will be used to project light onto a relatively small area (for example, the face of an actor or performer) from some considerable distance. Follow spots, for example, are used fo-r "short throw" applications operating at a range of, say, up to 30 m, or "long throw" applications operating at a range of, say, 30 to 100 m or even more. The operator of a follow spot is often calle upon to illuminate a target point such as an actor's face in an otherwise unlit or partially lit auditorium. That involves lining up on the target point before activating the spotlight. Various attempts have been made to enable a follow spot operator to do this with greater or lesser degrees of success. For example, sighting points located on the barrel of the spotlight have been used, as have telescopic sights. These however, suffer the disadvantage of inconvenience and discomfort in use, and also prevent the operator from seeing what else may be going on around him while he has his eye in the sighting position. Other arrangements which have been tried include the use of a beam leaked from the lamp of the spotlight, the leaked beam being focussed, e.g. onto the ceiling above the operator. The operator sights or aims at the spotlight by aligning the leaked beam on a mark or element of the ceiling. That has the disadvantage of requiring each aiming point individually to be determined in advance, thus failing to provide for onstage variations, last minute changes or whatever. In the absence of a sighting device, operators of follow spots on occasion indulge in a practice known as "shadowing" which entails flashing the light onto the auditorium as briefly as possible to aim the beam in the hope that the audience will not notice the flash. . The present invention seeks to provide, amongst other things, an arrangement whereby a spotlight or the like may be aimed through sighting means, which means in their relationship with the spotlight avoid or at least minimise the various disadvantages of the known prior arrangements or techniques. In addition to its application to spot lights, the present invention is also applicable to cameras (either still or movie cameras). One problem that is frequently met with when using a camera with a zoom lens is that, while the operator is looking through the view finder, he has no idea what is going on outside his very restricted field of view. This can be a serious problem when the cameraman is attempting to follow a moving object, such as a golf ball. If the ball accidentally goes outside his field of view, he has no indication of which way the camera should be moved to bring the ball back into the field of view. Accordingly, his only option is to zoom out to a wider field of view; this, of course, is often undesirable since it is likely to be distracting for a film or television viewer. A similar difficulty arises when cameras are used for security surveillance purposes, for example at football grounds. It is conventional for a film camera to be used to oversee the crowd; when trouble arises, the cameraman can then zoom in and film the trouble spot in detail, for example to enable the authorities to identify those persons who are the cause of the trouble. Unfortunately, the film is not likely to be detailed enough to identify specific persons when the camera is zoomed out and studying the entire crowd, and when it is zoomed in on a particular area the cameraman becomes unaware of trouble that may be occuring, perhaps considerably more serious trouble, in areas outside his field of view. This means that although he may well obtain detailed film of the first outbreak of trouble to arise, he may well miss a more serious outbreak which occurs while he is filming the first. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a camera sight, or view finder, through which an operator may be aware of happenings over a large field of view, but may also have an indication within that field of view of the exact field which is presently being photographed or filmed. The present invention is equally applicable to the aiming of directional microphones, for example those known as "gun microphones". According to a first aspect of the invention a spotlight sight comprises a partly reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, and imaging means arranged to produce a virtual image of a light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. The panel is desirably a flat perspex sheet, preferably polished. The sight may also include adjustable focusing means arranged to enable the virtual image to be located at substantially the same distance from the panel as is the target area. By ensuring that the image of the light source appears at the required throw, parallax error may be substantially eliminated between the virtual image of the light source and the target, so that the position of the eye of the operator is not critical to sighting. Indeed the arrangements can be set up such that the operator may confirm that his sighting is accurate by moving his head from side to side or up and down. The removal of the parallax error will result in the light source image at the target appearing to move together with the movement of the operators head. The sight may include an angled mirror positioned between the light source and the panel. The advantage of this is that the light source may be positioned off-axis, so limiting the distance between the light source and the panel. This may be advantageous in situations where little headroom is available. The mirror may be adjustable, for example in position and/or in angle, desirably by means of three sprung screws abutting either the mirror itself or a mirror mount. This is a convenient means of optically centring the position of the light source, by the manufacturer, before the sight leaves the factory. Alternatively, or in addition to an adjustable mirror, the position of the light source may itself be adjustable, for example by its being mounted on an adjustable mount. As with the mirror, the mount may be abutted by three sprung adjusting screws. Desirably, a coloured filter is positioned between the light source and the panel. This may be replaceable, so that the colour of the virtual image may be arranged to contrast with the target or with the colour of the illumination. The sight may also include mounting means arranged to mount the sight on a spotlight for rotational adjustment with respect thereto. This enables the sight easily to be positioned according to the size of the operator and the preferred position of his head with relation to the spotlight housing. The adjustable focusing means may comprise a screw-threaded convex lens position between the light source and the panel, desirably between the mirror and the panel. The lens may be screw-threaded into one end of a generally cylindrical housing, the light source and/or the mirror being located at the other end. The panel may be adjustable by rotation about three axes, for further flexibility. It may also be adjustable in position with respect to the light source, for example by its being mounted on an adjustable, lockable telescopic arm. This arm is preferably positioned generally vertically, and may be attached to the side of the cylindrical housing. The light source itself may be a substantially point source, for example the emission end of an optical fibre. Alternatively, it may be an extended source (for example a grid). In the latter case, the imaging means may be arranged to produce a virtual image which is adapted to indicate the area of the target which will be illuminated. This image may be annular, and continuously or stepwise adjustable in size. The size of the annular image could be selected, either manually by the operator or alternatively automatically according to the area which will be illuminated when the spotlight is switched on. This could be done, for example, by arranging for the size of the image to be dependent upon the output of one or more sensors incorporated into the spotlight and sensitive to its focusing and/or to its shuttering. According to a second aspect of the invention a spotlight sight comprises a partly-reflective inclined panel through which an operator may view a target area, an elongated housing having, at or near an end nearest the panel, imaging means comprising a screw-threaded convex lens, and at or near an end furthest from the panel an inclined mirror, and a light source, positioned off the housing axis and directed towards the mirror, the imaging means being arranged to produce a virtual image of the light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. According to a further aspect of the invention, a spotlight includes a spotlight sight as previously defined. In such a spotlight, the light source of the sight is desirably derived from the lamp of the spotlight itself, for example via an optical fibre. In this form of the invention it will be appreciated that references to the positioning of the light source refer to the positioning of the emission end of the optical fibre rather than to the lamp itself. According to a further aspect of the invention a kit of parts for a spotlight sight comprises a partly reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, a light source, and imaging means arrangeable to produce a virtual image of the light source in the panel. The invention also extends to a method of aiming a spotlight. It will be appreciated that the term "spotlight" can equally well be replaced by references to other optical devices, or to directional microphones. In general the invention is applicable to all types of audio and optical equipment ("audiovisual equipment"). According to another aspect of the invention a camera sight comprises a partly reflective panel through which an operator may view ' a target area and imaging means arranged to produce a virtual image of a light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. Preferably, the imaging means are arranged to produce a virtual image which is adapted to indicate the field of view of the camera lens. This may be conveniently achieved by using four point sources, the virtual image of these sources indicating the corners of the field in view. The point sources could be, for example, LEDs or an illuminated grid. The field of view indicated in the panel may be manually adjustable by the operator; alternatively, it may be arranged to vary automatically according to the current field of view of the lens. It may, for example, be connected directly to the zoom lens so that the size of the image depends upon the setting of the lens. With such an arrangement the operator can be aware of happenings over a large field of view while, at the same time, having an indication of the field of view which is currently being filmed or photographed. In many situations, for example when following a golf ball in flight or when filming a football crowd, it may not be necessary for the cameraman to use the view finder of the camera at all. The invention further extends to a camera having a camera sight or view finder as defined above, and to a method of operating the camera. According to a further aspect of the invention a directional-microphone sight comprises a partly reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, and imaging means arranged to produce a virtual image of a light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. Naturally, all the subsidiary features mentioned above in the context of a spotlight or a camera may also be used with the directional-microphone sight. The invention also extends to a directional- microphone having a sight as defined above and to a method of use of a directional-microphone. With any of the above arrangements, the imaging means could be arranged to produce a second virtual image, in the panel, including other information which may be of use to the camera, microphone or spotlight operator. This may include, for example, aperture or shutter settings. It will be appreciated that any of the above described features either alone or in combination, may be used in connection with the invention. The invention may be embodied in a variety of ways, and several embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings (which show in particular an embodiment for use with a theatrical follow-spot), in which:- Figure 1 is a somewhat stylised perspective view of a follow spot having attached to it sighting means according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing the method of sighting of the present invention; Figure 3 is a profile, partly in section, of the light source and focussing means as shown in Figure 1 ; Figure 4 is a profile showing the mounting point for the transparent panel/screen shown in Figure 1 of the invention; and Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through another embodiment. Referring to the drawings there will be seen at 10 in Figure 1 a follow spot.. For theatrical use this will usually be provided with an arc lamp (not shown) within its housing of output in the range of 350 watts to 3 kilowatts. The follow spot is mounted on a castored dolly 12 and has a point of articulation 14 so that it may be panned and tilted as required to follow a performer. At 16 will be seen several levers for mechanical control of the light iris and shutter arrangements. Lights of this type are normally left running for the time in which they may be required, the light beam being interrupted by a shutter rather than cause damage to the lamp by switching it on and off. A narrow angle hard edge beam is shown at 18, the beam providing a disc of light sufficient to illuminate the head 20 of a performer at a distance in the region of 100 m. Attached to the side of the housing of the spot 10 is a cylinder 24. The means by which the cylinder 24 may be affixed to the spot 10 here is shown as a simple clamping strap 26 for ease of depiction. In a preferred form, though, an arrangement will be provided so that the position and angle of the cylinder 24 to the spot 10 may be varied at will, (for example, the cylinder may be so mounted that it can be independently roated in a plane parallel to the lamp axis and in a plane perpendicular to that axis). Running from a point in the spot 10 adjacent the lamp is an optical fibre 28 which carries a small proportion of the output or the main lamp to the cylinder 24 as will be described further below. Affixed to the cylinder 24 is a vertical telescopic support 30 for a flat rectangular perspex sheet 32. Coming now to Figure 3 it will be seen that the cylinder 24 is provided with a terminal 27 for the optical fibre 28, the part of the terminal 29 on the inside of the cylinder 24 in effect providing a point light source, of course, when the main power lamp is illuminated. Of course, an independent light source could equally well be used at 29. The point light source 29 is directed towards a mirror 40 arranged substantially at 45° to the cylinder axis A-A. This mirror is adjustable in position and angle by means of three generally equidistant sprung screws (not shown) abutting its rear face. In an alternative arrangement (shown in figure 5) the mirror is mounted on an adjustable support 31 , again having three sprung screws for the rotational and/or positional adjustment thereof. The light emitting from the optical fibre 28 is shown in broken lines on the left-hand side of Figure 3, being reflected by the mirror 40 up to a plano¬ convex lens 42. The lens 42 is located in an extension 25 of the cylinder 24. The extension 25 and the cylinder 24 have between them at 46 interengaging threads such that rotation of the extension 25 with respect to the cylinder 24 about the axis A-A will cause the extension 25, and consequently the lens 42, to move towards or away from the cylinder 24, again along the line of the axis A-A. That threaded engagement 46 thereby provides the lens 42 with focusing means. A plano-convex lens is preferred, both for simplicity and ease of construction. However, more complex lens sets may be used in appropriate circumstances although usually with a cost and/or convenience penalty. A spill ring 50 is provided as is conventional to cut down on lens edge aberrations. In an alternative arrangement (figure 5) the light source is positioned at the end of a perpendicular subsidiary cylinder 51 , attached to the main cylinder and opening into it. Such an arrangement has the advantage that the optical path length between the source 29 and the lens 42 can be substantially longer than the length of the cylinder 24, so limiting the overall height of the device. This may be of importance in situations in which a theatrical follow- spot has to be used in areas with little headroom. Between the source 49 and the lens 42 (conveniently between the source and the mirror 40, at the end of the subsidiary cylinder 51 if one is provided) is a replaceable gel filter (not shown). On the right-hand side of Figure 3 there is shown part of a telescopic support 30 affixed to the body of the cylinder 24 by brackets 60, 62. Turning now to Figure 4 the upper end of the telescopic support 30 is shown. It has, at its head, a lateral extension 64 to which is mounted pivotally the perspex sheet 32. Each of the joints of the telescopic support 30 is provided with means to lock or unlock them for movement, either axial extension or rotation, and the perspex panel 32 is fixed to the lateral extension 64 about its pivot axis 66, again so that it may be moved or clamped. Preferably a guide scale is provided for easy adjustment of the panel angle to the intended throw. The attachment of the perspex sheet 32 to the support 30 allows not only rotation about the axis 66 of figure 4 but also rotation about the vertical axis and the orthogonal horizontal axis. Accordingly, the sheet 32 has three rotational degrees of freedom, and at least one translational degree of freedom (on extension of the support 30). Of course, the perspex sheet may be supported to have other translational degrees of freedom as well. The operation of the sighting arrangement is as follows. With the lamp of the follow spot 10 lit there will, in effect, be a point light source at 29. The light from that light source 29 passes through the future (not shown), is reflected up to the lens 42 by the mirror 40 and from there up to the surface of the perspex sheet 32 facing the cylinder 24. The operator of the follow spot 10 will normally be positioned towards the rear of the follow spot 10 and on the right-hand side, that is to say the same side as the spot 10 as the cylinder 24 etc. If a left-handed operator particularly so requires, the arrangement can be such that the cylinder 24 etc. can be moved to the opposite side of the follow spot without in any way affecting the principle of operation of the present invention. During a rehearsal the operator will open the spot shutter (not shown) using the appropriate one of the levers 16 to cast a disc of light of the required diameter onto the target spot (the head 20 or the 20 * as shown in Figure 2). He will then adjust the height of the sheet 32 (and, if necessary the position of the sheet in other directions, either by adjusting the sheet mounting 64 or by tilting the whole cylinder 24), so that he can see the light disc at point 20 through the transparent perspex sheet 32. Because of the reflective properties of the surface of the perspex sheet 32 he will also then have in his vision (subject to any necessary adjustments to the angular position of the sheet), an image of the light source 29 reflected towards him by the surface of the sheet 32. By altering the position of the lens 42 by use of the thread engagement 46 he can place the virtual image of the light source 29 at the same position in space as the target point 20, 20'. He can determine whether that adjustment has been made correctly by moving his head from side to side or up and down. If the focussing has been carried out correctly he will have eliminated the relative movement of that virtual image and the target point, which would otherwise be attributable to the parallax change caused by the Once he has achieved that substantially zero parallax error, he can then, if necessary, re-adjust the position and angle of the sheet 32 (and/or of the cylinder 24, if required) such that the virtual image of the light source 29 appears in the middle of the projected light disc from the lamp of the follow spot 10. Once he has that he can interrupt the light beam 18 by use of the appropriate lever 16 to operate the shutter/iris arrangements. If the operator then wishes to aim the spot at a different target point 20, 20', he merely has to move the follow spot 10 and with it the sighting arrangement 24-32 until he sees the light source image through the sheet 32 at the desired target point. He can then switch on the light beam 18 and it will be illuminate the required target point without the need for further adjustment. The purpose of the filter or gel is so that the colour of the image can be arranged so that it contrasts with the background and/or the colour of the illumination being used. It is found, in practice., that a red filter is convenient for many uses. The sighting arrangement gives a considerable degree of flexibility to accommodate comfortably operators of widely varying height and/or bulk, and operating styles as compared e.g. with use of simple sighting points on the spot barrel. In further forms of the invention (not shown) the light source 29 may be placed on the bottom of the cylinder 24 at 70 and the mirror dispensed with. In this arrangement means (not shown) are desirably provided to position the source 29 and/or, if the source is not a point source, to angle it. This is conveniently achieved by mounting the source on an adjustable block. Use of a mirror is, however, preferred since it may be easier to adjust the apparent position of the source, and it also has the further advantage that the overall height of the cylinder 24 can be limited. Without the mirror, the cylinder has to be sufficiently long to encompass the focal point of the lens 42. The focal point of the lens 42 via the reflection in the mirror 40 is desirably at a point F upstream of the light source 29. The distance from the light source 29 to the lens 42 should be less than or equal to the focal length of the lens 42 (or lens group to replace the lens 42) so that the arrangement can be focussed (by movement of the lens 42) both on objects at infinity and also on nearer objects. It is preferably less than that distance as shown on Figure 3. On manufacture of the unit, the mirror 40 or the position of the light source 29, where appropriate, is adjusted so that the light source (or image thereof) lies on the optical axis of the lens 42, an appropriate distance away from the lens. In a further form (not shown) the spot 10 is provided with a tungsten filament lamp. Tungsten lamps are switched on and off between periods of use, so the lamp itself cannot be used to provide the light source for the sighting arrangement. The terminal 27 will therefore be replaced with a suitable light source, e.g. a 100 watt bulb. In yet further embodiments (not shown), the sighting arrangement is arranged for use with a camera or with a directional microphone. Any or all of the above-mentioned features may be included, where appropriate, and in particular any of the features mentioned in the introduction to the specification.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A spotlight sight comprising a partly- reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, and imaging means arranged to produce a virtual image of a light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. 2. A spotlight sight as claimed in Claim 1 including adjustable focusing means arranged to enable the virtual image to be located at substantially the same distance from the panel as is the target area. 3. A spotlight sight as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 including an angled mirror positioned between the light source and the panel. 4. A spotlight sight as claimed in Claim 3 in which the mirror is adjustable. 5. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the light source is mounted on an adjustable mount. 6. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims including a replaceable filter positioned between the light source and the panel. 7. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims including mounting means arranged to mount the sight on a spotlight for rotational adjustment with respect thereto. 8. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims when dependent upon Claim 2 in which the adjustable focusing means comprises a screw- threaded convex lens positioned between the light source and the panel. 9. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the panel is adjustable by rotation about three axes. 10. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the panel is mounted on an adjustable, lockable telescopic arm. 11. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the light source is a substantially point source. 12. A spotlight sight as claimed in Claim 11 in which the light source is the emission end of an optical fibre. 13. A spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the imaging means is arranged to produce a virtual image adapted to indicate the area of the target which will be illuminated. 14. A spotlight as claimed in Claim 13 in which the imaging means is arranged to produce an annular image, continuously or stepwise adjustable in size. 15. A spotlight sight comprising a partly- reflective inclined panel through which an operator may 1 9 view a target area, an elongated housing having, at or near an end nearest the panel, imaging means comprising a screw-threaded convex lens, and at or near an end furthest from the panel an inclined mirror, and a light source, positioned off the housing axis and directed towards the mirror, the imaging means being arranged to produce a virtual image of the light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. 16. A spotlight including a spotlight sight as claimed in any one of the preceding claims. 17. A spotlight as claimed in Claim 16 in which the light source is provided by the lamp of the spotlight, via an optical fibre. 18. A kit of parts for a spotlight sight comprising a partly reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, a light source, and imaging means arrangeable to produce a virtual image of the light source in the panel. 19. A camera sight comprising a partly-reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, and imaging means arranged to produce a virtual image of a light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. 20. A camera sight as claimed in Claim 19 in which the imaging means are arranged to produce a virtual image adpated to indicate the field of view of the camera lens. 21. A camera sight as claimed in Claim 20 in which the light source comprises four point sources, the virtual image of these sources indicating the corners of the field of view. 22. A directional-microphone sight comprising a partly-reflective panel through which an operator may view a target area, and imaging means arranged to produce a virtual image of a light source, as seen in the panel, at or near the target area. 23. A spotlight sight substantially as specifically described herein with reference to the figures.

Inventors: COOK PAUL JOHN, COOK, PAUL, JOHN
Applicants: SAMUELSON GROUP PLC
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G02B23
IPC codes: F21S2, F21S10, F21V21, G02B23