INTAKE AIR DISPERSER

Abstract: Ceiling disperser for intake air conducted into rooms or equivalent. The ceiling disperser (10) comprises at least one air intake duct (11) and a disperser component (12), and control means for guiding the air flowing from the disperser component (12). The control means (16) have been disposed to guide the intake air in such manner that at low volumetric flow rates the air has been disposed to flow from the ceiling disperser substantially following the ceiling, respectively at higher volumetric flow rates in part at least obliquely downwards. The control means (16) have been arranged to change the throw profile of the throw pattern of the air flow emerging from the ceiling disperser so that the length of the air flow maintains the desired constant value within a given volumetric flow rate change.

Description: Intake air disperser The present invention concerns a ceiling disperser for intake air is carried into rooms or equivalent, said disperser ccβππprising at least one intake air duct in which the air flews substantially downward, and a disperser component proper in which the air flows substantially out to the sides, and control and guide means for controlling the air flew from said disperser component. Th cu^i the Patent DE 1753283 an apparatus arrangement is known in which the air is carried into the rocm ttirough a hinged control plate covering the intake aperture, and said control plate operating according to the counterweight principle. The air is conducted from the intake duct with about 90° deflection to one side and it is made to flew into the rocm along the ceiling. In this design of prior art, the aim to keep both the initial velocity of the air and the ultimate velocity of the air at a given distance constant while the volumetric flew rate varies within a given range. In said design, the direction in which the air ccmes into the rocm is also substan¬ tially constant. In the design disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,259,898, the air flow is divided among two flew paths, starting at the connector component of the disperser. By effect of a gravity-loaded control damper, the flew path leading to the margin of the disperser opens as the volu¬ metric flow rate increases; similarly, it closes with diittinishing volumetric flew rate by effect of the force which the air flow creates. The flew path leading to the central part of the disperser is cxsntinuously open, and ttaough it the air is conducted, depending on the design, either to the side or straight downwards. It is thus understood that in this design the air is conducted into the rocm in such manner that when large air quantities are concerned the air win ficw into the room space ttaσugh the margineil as well as central region of the disperser, and in this case of small air quantities the air flews through the disperser's central region into the rocm. In the design of DE 2130147, in each intake air disperser is used one gravity-loaded blcw-in aperture shutter. As the air quantity changes, the shutter operating according to the counterweight prin¬ ciple opens/closes. The air is conducted into the rocm with substan¬ tially constant air inflow direction in the vertical cross section. The general objective of the present invention is to provide a simple and reliably operating intake air disperser to be mounted on the ceiling by which it is possible without using any external or extra energy to distribute the intake air in an efficient way causing no draft and no noise, in various instances and situations of appli¬ cation. The more detailed object of the invention is to provide an intake air ceiling disperser - by which air can be distributed in the room space substantially parallel to the ceiling and in those directions which are required in each instance, - the threw ipftr-nπp of which, in desired directions, can be regulated to be as desired, within a given volumetric flew rate range, - the threw distanπp of which, in desired directions, can be main¬ tained as desired, with sufficient accuracy, while the volumetric flew rate varies within a given range, - which operates on its own power, with lew duct pressures, - the pressure drop of which is not substantially dependent on volu¬ metric flew rate nor blowing pattern, - which requires no more space than a conventional ceiling disperser, particularly not above the suspended ceiling. - which is easy to install, adjust and service, - of which the volumetric flew rate can be ascertained from the outside. - which is easy to substitute for a cαπventiαnal ceiling disperser, - which can be itianufactured in a simple and advantageous way. The aims of the invention are attained with a ceiling disperser which is mainly characterized in that the control and guide means comprise one or several air deflectors located in the disperser component, outside the centre-line of the intake air duct, and swiv¬ elling under effect of the air flew, disposed to change the effective σutflcw area of the disperser ccπponent as the volumetric flow rate changes. The control means have been arranged to change the threw pattern of the air flow emerging from the ceiling disperser in such a way that the threw length of the air flew is constant within a given volumetric flew rate range. In the ceiling disperser of the invention the pressure variation of the flew is applied as control force. The force counteracting the force resulting from the flow is constituted, in an advantageous embod-inent of the invention, by the force which is caused by a counterweight on the control plate. The force equilibrium determines the position of the control plate at any time. in an advantageous anbodiment of the invention, guidance of the air flows in the ceiling disperser is in four cardinal directions, or sectors, with the aid of four separate guide plates, which move simultaneously and thereby control the travel of air in accordance with the volumetric flew rate. In each cardinal air dispersing direc- tion the air entering the rocm is dispersed as a function of the volumetric flew rate in such manner that at lew volumetric flew rates the whole air flew is directed substantially to parallel the ceiling of the room, and at high volumetric flew rates with the aid of the guide plate, or plates, the air flew is directed and controlled to start out partly substantially parallel to the ceiling and also in part obliquely downward. In accordance with the magnitude of the volumetric flew rate the control means are used to change the profile of the so-called threw pattern in the vertical and horizontal planes while the outside area of the disperser is constant. in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the control plates cxantrol the threw profile of the air flew, the impulse and the initial velocity of the air flow from the ceiling disperser and, thereby, at the same time the ultimate velocity of the air flew at desired dis¬ tance. The invention is described in closer detail in the following, re¬ ferring to the figures of the drawings presenting seme advantageous embodiments of the invention. in Fig. 1 is schematically presented an intake air ceiling disperser according to the invention, in elevational view and in section. In Fig. 2 is presented the ceiling disperser of Fig. 1, viewed frcm above along the line II-H in Fig. 1. In Fig. 3 is presented another embodiment, equivalent to Fig. 2. In Fig. 4 is illustrated the operation of the control means of the ceiling disperser of the invention. In Figs 5-6 are presented various ways of mounting the control and guide plate. The intake air ceiling disperser depicted in Figs 1 and 2 has been generally indicated with reference numeral 10. The ceiling disperser 10 cαπprises an intake air duct 11 and a disperser component 12. The number of intake air ducts 11 provided is at least 1. The disperser component 12 comprises, in this eπ-∞dimerrt, a first duct section 13 and a second duct section 14. The duct sections 13 and 14 are separ¬ ated by a partition 15. The control means 16 has been disposed to be located in the disperser ccnponent 12 and, advantageously, in its second duct section 14. The control means 16 comprises a control member, e.g. an air deflector 17. To the air deflector 17 is attached a caurϊterweight 18 carried by an arm 19. The arm 19 has been turnably pivoted with the pivot C^. The air deflector 17 is further disposed to be turnable about its margin, with the pivot C 2 , and its turning is indicated by the arxcw ^. The arm 19 together with its counter¬ weight 18 can be turned about the pivot C^, thereby changing the moment distance of the counterweight 18 from the pivot axis of the air deflector 17. It is possible by such adjustment of the σounter- weight to regulate the threw length of the air flowing into the rocm. The other end of the arm 19 may be formed to be pointed and on the air deflector 17 may be provided an indicator means 20, advan¬ tageously a scale en the upper surface of the air deflector 17, on v ch the various positions of the arm 19 relative to the pivot axis c 2 of the air deflector 17 in the control means 16 can be read. The location of the ∞unterweight 18 on the arm 19 may likewise be adjustable. It is possible to slide the counterweight 18 and fix it in different positions on the control arm 19, whereby the moment distance is accordingly changed. The control means 16 further comprises a volumetric flow rate indi¬ cator means 21. The indicator means 21 may consist of a pivoted bar which hangs down freely, e.g. attached to the underside of the air deflector 17. The position of the indicator means 21 relative to the fixed structures, e.g. to the bottcm face 22 of the ceiling disperser 10, is readable on a scale provided on the indicator means 21. The air flew coming from the intake air duct 11 of the ceiling dis- perser 10 tends to deflect the air deflector 17 of the ccntrol means 16. when the volumetric flew rate is lew, the second duct section 14 of the disperser component 14 will not open, and the whole adr flew will pass throug the first duct section 13 of the disperser conponent 12 to one side in the direction Pi, substantially following the ceiling. When the air flew increases, a greater deflecting force acts on the air deflector 17 of the control means 16. At lew volu¬ metric flew rates the air flow is not able to deflect the adr de¬ flector 17; instead, the second duct section 14 remains closed. At higher volumetric flow rate the air deflector 17 of the control means 16 will turn about the pivot C 2 until a new moment equilibrium is reached between the force from the air flew deflecting the air deflector 17 and the ccunter-mciaent produced by the counterweight 18. As the volumetric flew rate grcws even further, the air deflector 17 opens more and more, and increasingly more air flows tJrccugh the second duct section 14. The control means 16 thus controls the air flew distribution between the first duct section 13 and the second duct section 14 in accordance with the magnitude of the volumetric flew rate at any moment. In the e-άbodiment of Figs 1, 2 and 3 is presented an advantageous apparatus design εiccording to the invention, in which the output duct consists of a first duct section 13 and a second duct section 14, these two being separated by a partition 15. The inccming flew of the ceiling disperser, indicated by 1^, nay thus be distributed, depending on the volumetric flow rate, exclusively to the first duct section 13 of the disperser component 12, when the flew is small in amount, as indicated by arrow I^, or the incoming flew Lτ_ may be divided into flows 1 and 3, of which the flow I3 proceeds in the second duct section 14 when the air deflector 17 of the control means 16 is opened. With the a d of the control means 16 the threw pattern of the adr entering the room from the ceiling disperser 10 is changed. Changing of the threw pattern is here understood to refer to the profile of the air flew in the vertical and horizontal plane, i.e., to the dist_r_J_ution in the rocm space of -the adr flow starting out from the ceiling disperser 10. The ceiling disperser 10 of the invention may for instance be dimensioned so that in the extreme range of the throw pattern, that is in that region up to which it is desired that the threw pattern extends, substantially constant ultimate velocity is achieved. This is attained in that as the volumetric flew rate increases, by opening the adr deflector 17 a given part of the air flew is directed at least partly obliquely downward. Therefore when the volumetric flew rate increases, that part of the air flew which is directed to follow the ceiling and which due to the Orv.nrta effect travels intimately along the ceiling is reduced as to its relative proportion. In the ceiling disperser 10 of the invention it is poss¬ ible at all times to adjust the threw pattern and throw length to be as desired. The threw pattern and threw length can be kept such as is desired vflien the volumetric flow rates vary. in the advantageous embodiment of the invention depicted in Figs 1 and 2 the adr is directed, as viewed in the horizontal plane, in four cardinal directions P lf P 2 , P3 and P4. For each cardinal direc¬ tion there is a specific control means 16 with adr deflector 17, ccunterwei t 18 and arm 19. On the underside of the partition 15 may advantageously be provided a separate air-deflecting, adjustable guide 25. In Fig. 1 the guide 25 has been schematically indicated, and in Fig. 2 likewise one of these guides has been depicted with interrupted lines. The guide 25 comprises an air deflector plate 25a and, on this plate, bendable fixing parts 25b, of which there are advantageously two. The fixing parts 25b are advantageously welded to the underside of the partition 15. The guide 25 can be bent to assume different positions. In Fig. 3 is presented another advantageous esααbodi ent of the iπven- tion, equivalent to that of Fig. 2. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the adr deflectors 17 of the control means 16 consist of a circular sector structure. The curved cuter peripheries d^, d 2 , d 3 and d4 join in seamless continuity when the duct section 14 is closed. When the volumetric flew rate increases, the adr deflectors 17 open up similarly as in the embodiment of Figs 1 and 2. In the embodiment both of Figs 1 and 2 and of Fig. 3 there nay be provided a predisperser 26 before the disperser component 12; this predisperser may for instance be a conical structural conponent. Its task is to direct the flow into the disperser conponent 12. In the advantageous embodiments of Figs 1, 2 and 3 the ceiling dis¬ perser 12 divides the adr flow in the horizontal plane among at least four cardinal directions P lf P 2 , P 3 and P 4 . It should be noted that even t-hough in the foregoing only the most advantageous embodi- ments have been presented, the ceiling disperser may equally consist of a design in which in one cardinal direction, for instance in the direction P^, has been provided a control arrangement according to the invention in order to obtain the desired threw profile while in the other directions the duct system and control equipment may also consist of conventional designs of prior art. Also such eπtoodiments are conceivable in which the partition 15 itself is absent and the adr deflector 17 of the control means 16 has been given such shape that it will direct the flew either to run parallel with the ceiling and or obliquely downwards. Hereby the control means 16 will subestaπtially change the direction of the air flew in accordance with the volumetric flew rate. In Fig. 4 has more closely been presented the operation of the control means 16 of the invention. At lew volumetric flew rates, the ccunter- weight 18 keeps the air deflector 17 in the position in which it closes the second duct section 14, this position being indicated with eτ_. The flow will then take the direction from the ceiling disperser 10 exclusively through the first duct section 13 of the disperser component 12 and along the ceiling. When the volumetric flew rate increases, the force produced by the flew opens the adr deflector 17 of the control means 16. In the figure, the reference e 2 has been used to indicate the fully open position of the second duct section 14. The flow new goes through both the first duct section 13 and the second duct section 14. In Fig. 4 is depicted an e__bodiment in which the vertical wall 23 and the bottcm enclosure 22 both consist of a grating or have been provided with exit apertures. In the embodi¬ ment of Fig. 4 also e predisperser 26 has been provided, which directs the flow entering the ceiling disperser 10 into the disperser ccmpo- nent 12, into its first duct section 13 and second duct section 14. The predisperser 26 may equally consist of a reticular .structure. In Figs 5-6 have been shewn various embodiments of the control means 16. In Fig. 5 is shown the pivotal attachment of the air deflector 17 of the control means 16 to the lower enclosure 22. As the magnitude of the volumetric flew rate increases, the adr flew moves the air deflector 17 out of the position in which it closes the flew path, as indicated with atrxcw 0^. In Fig. 6 is depicted the pivotal attachment of the adr deflector 17 of the control means 16 to the upper enclosure 24. Increasing volu¬ metric flew rate moves the adr deflector 17 out of the position in which it closes the flew path, as indicated by arrcw D3. The apparatus designs of Figs 5 and 6 are appropriate, for instance, in an embodi¬ ment of the invention in which in one or several directions the control means 16 is used to open respectively close only one flew duct, and in which in one direction deflection of the adr flow takes place as illustrated by Figs 1-4. In the embodiment of Figs 1, 2, 3 and 4, the deflector plates 17 are functionally interconnected by the add of the corner parts of the plates so that when one plate is deflected all the other deflector plates 17 thus also are positively deflected. It is therefore also possible to balance several control plates with one counterweight. It is however advantageous in view of stable operation of the ceiling disperser if for each direction of control a specific exxπrterweight 18 has been provided in the control means 16, by the add of which the throw length of the adr flow emerging from the ceiling disperser 10 is changed by changing the mcment distances of the counterweights 18 in the csntrol means 16 from the pivot axis of the adr deflector 17. For adjusting the c»uπterweiφts 18, and thereby the threw length, indication hats been provided in the control means 16 of the positions of the ceunterweights 18. Advantageously, this indication is provided on the adr deflectors 17 serving as air guiding and deflecting plates.

Claims: Claims 1. A ceiling disperser (10) for intake adr conducted into rooms or equivalent, comprising at least one adr intake duct (11) in which the air flews sι_bstaπtially downwards, and a disperser conponent (12) proper in vhich the adr flews substantially to the sides, and control and guiding means for guiding the adr flowing frcm the dis¬ perser component (12), c_h_ιrac±erized in that sadd control and guiding means comprise one or several air deflectors (17) located in the disperser conponent (12) outside the centre-line of the intake air duct (11) and vΛiich turn under effect of the adr flow, disposed to change the effective outflow area of the disperser component (12) as the volumetric flow rate changes. 2. Ceiling disperser according to claim 1, characterized in that when the volumetric flow rate changes the turnable air deflectors (17) have been arranged to change at least partially the outflow direction of the air flcwing from the disperser conponent (12) into the rocm. 3. Ceiling disperser according to claim 1 or 2, c_-___racterized in that at lew volumetric flow rates the adr has been arranged to flew frcm the disperser conponent (12) substantially along the ceiling, respectively at higher volumetric flew rates at least partially obliquely downwards. 4. Ceiling disperser according to claim 1, 2 cr 3, characterized in that the control means (16) have been disposed to change the threw pattern of the adr flew emerging from the ceiling disperser in such manner that a suitable throw length of the adr flew is medntained within a given volumetric flew rate range. 5. Ceiling disperser according to claim 1, 2, 3 cr 4, c_ha_racterized in that the control means (16) comprise an air deflector (17) , a counterweight (18) and an arm (19) or equivalent, on which the ccunterwetøϊt (18) has been mounted, and that the air deflector (17) has been so disposed in the disperser conponent (12) that the air deflector (17) will in accordance with the magnitude of the volumetric flew rate increase or decrease the effective outflow area of the disperser ccπponent (12) until moment equilibrium is established between the moment produced on the adr deflector (17) by the air flow, the mcment produced by the proper mass of the adr deflector (17) and the cαunter-^mcmeπt produced by the σσunterweiφt (18) . 6. Ceiling disperser according to claim 5, characterized in that the location of the counterweight (18) relative to the pivoting point (C 2 ) of the air deflector (17) is changeable by turning the counter¬ weight (18) together with its arm (19) about a turning pivot (Cη_) provided on the air deflector (17) . 7. Ceiling disperser according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the control means (16) comprises, for indicating the threw pattern, an indicator (20) which has been disposed to indicate the position of the counterweight at any given time. 8. Ceiling disperser according to any one of the preceding cladms, cha__acterized in that the disperser component (12) ccnprises a first duct section (13) when the adr flow has been arranged to flew sub¬ stantially following the ceiling, and a second duct section (14) whence the adr flow has been arranged to flow at least in part ob- liquely downwards and or downwards, and that the control means (16) have been arranged to operate in such way that at low volumetric flew rates the adr flow is directed into the first duct section (13) and at higher volumetric flow rates, into the first (13) as well as the second duct section (14). 9. Ceiling disperser according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control means (16) comprise an air flow volumetric flew rate indicating means (21) . ιo. Ceiling disperser according to any one of the preceding cladms, c__aracterized in that the ceiling disperser (10) comprises a predis- perser (26) , advantageously consisting of a conical conponent, which directs the adr into the disperser conponent (12) . 11. Ceiling disperser according to cladms 8-10, chciracterized in that a partition (15) has been disposed to separate the first duct section (13) and the second duct section (14) frcm each other, and that on said partition (15) has been disposed a guide plate (25), advantageously adjustable as to its position, guiding the passage of the air flew. 12. Ceiling disperser aκxording to any one of the preceding claims, c-haτacterized in that the ceiling disperser (10) ccnprises an adr disperser ccnponent (12) for dividing the adr among four cardinal directions (Pι,P / P3,P4) , for each direction having been provided an air deflector (17) of its own. 13. Ceiling disperser according to claim 12, chciracterized in that the ceiling disperser (10) ccnprises coupling elements (17b) by the add of vΛiich mutually adjacent air deflectors (17) can be inter- connected on their margins so that the opening or dosing movement of one adr deflector also opens, respectively closes, the other air deflectors.

Inventors: AALTO ERKKI, KOHTANIEMI TIMO, RANTANEN PERTTI A, AALTO, ERKKI, KOHTANIEMI, TIMO, RANTANEN, PERTTI, A.
Applicants: HALTON OY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: F24F13
IPC codes: F24F13