Multi-address space control method

Abstract: A multi-address space control for use in an information processing system includes accessing a plurality of address spaces (19, 22) produced by different address translation tables based on a selection command (7) for a plurality of leading address registers (5, 6), and comparing (12) a program status word (PSW) key (P k , 1) with a main storage key (M k , 11) in a main storage to protect the main storage. The multi-­ address space control between different address spaces includes a PSW key register for holding the program status work key, a work access key register (2, W k ) capable of arbitrarily designating an access key in accordance with a data transfer instruction, access means for allowing an access to the main storage irrespective of the value of a main storage key (M k ) when the value of the key selected by a selector (3) as an access key from the work access key register and the PSW key register is a predetermined value (K=0), and setting means for accessing the different address spaces by changing-over the plurality of leading address registers and the work access key register and PSW register, detecting an access exception, and setting the predeter­ mined value in the work access key register to judge the work access key as an access key if an access exception is not detected.

Description: The present invention relates to multi-address space control and more particularly to a multi-address space control method suitable for the transfer of data between different address spaces. As the instructions for the data transfer between two virtual address spaces (herein called first space and second space) produced by different address translation tables, there are known, for example, MVCP (Move to Primary) and MVCS (Move to Secondary) instructions as disclosed in IBM System/370 Principles of Operation GA22-7000-8. A MVCS instruction will be explained in the following: With a MVCS instruction, data in the first space are transferred to the second space. For accessing the first space, a storage protect check is executed using a program status word (PSW) key. For accessing the second space, a key-controlled protection check is executed using a second space access protection key (called hereinafter a second space key) in a general register (GR) designated by an instruction operand. A MVCS instruction in conventional systems has been processed as in the following: According to a first scheme in conventional systems, at the step of accessing the second space, address translation is conducted by changing the contents of an address translation table leading address (hereinafter called a segment table origin (STO)) register. After a real address for the second operand address of the first space is obtained, a real address for the first operand address of the second space is obtained using the above-described second space access step. Using the obtained real address, a data transfer from the first to the second space is performed. However, if an operand address designates a plurality of pages, it is necessary that the operand address be translated into a real address for each page and that an access exception be checked for each page whether it is detected or not. The access exception includes a translation designation exception, segment translation exception, page translation exception, addressing exception, key control protection exception, page protection exception, lower address protection exception and no implemented memory. Further, it is necessary to store a logical address for notifying an access interruption when an access exception is detected or a program event is to be interrupted, thus resulting in complicated processing. According to a second scheme in conventional systems, second operand data in the first space are sequentially read and temporarily stored in a hardware work area. The second space access step described in the above first scheme is executed and thereafter, the data in the work area are sequentially written in the second space. However, a work area having a space as large as the data length to be transferred is required. Further, the transfer operation of operand data is not executed through repetition of second-operand read operation and first-operand write operation so that the processing speed is lowered in some cases. In both first and second schemes, a PSW key is changed to a second space key to access the second space for storage protection check. Further, if an interruption occurs during data transfer, it is necessary to immediately set the contents of the address translation table top address at an initial value. Particularly for processing a MVCP or MVCK instruction, when an interruption occurs in both schemes while a PSW key is changed to a second space key, it is necessary to immediately set the program status word at an initial value. Furthermore, it is necessary to change a program status word every time a different address space is accessed, thereby resulting in complicated processing and low processing speed. Schemes of this type are disclosed, for example, in JP-A-57-8860. US-A-4 521 846 discloses a processing system and a method using two different keys stored in two separate, selectable registers for transfer of data between two address spaces defined by two separate address translation tables the location of which are indicated by respective STO registers. The keys may also be a O-key where a key match is not required. The above features of prior art are included in the first part of present claim 1. In EP-A-0 040 703 is disclosed the carrying out of MVCP, MVCS and MVCK instructions. For MVCP, movement is to the primary space from the secondary space with the first operand address being translated using a primary segment table, and the second operand address is translated using a secondary segment table. For MVCS, movement is to the secondary space from the primary space with the first operand address being translated using the secondary segment table and the second operand address is translated using the primary segment table. For the MVCK instruction the first operand is replaced by the second operand. The fetch accesses to the second operand location are performed using the storage protect key specified in a third operand, and the store accesses to the first operand locations are performed using the PSW key. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-address space control method for use in processing data transfer between different address spaces, capable of reducing the number of steps of protection key processing to enable a high speed data transfer. It is another object of the present invention to provide multi-address space control obviating the necessity of changing a program status word key while accessing a different address space. These objects are achieved according to the invention by the features indicated in claim 1. According to an operational aspect of this invention, STOs for the first and second spaces are set in the PWS key register and the work access key register, respectively. Microprograms or suitable hardware is constructed such that the PWS key register and the work access key register are selected as STOs for the cases of accessing the first and second spaces, respectively, to change a space. An arbitrary access key value can be set as desired in a work access key register provided independently from a PSW key register. The selection of one of the PSW key and the work access key can be instructed by a selector to check storage protection. As a result, it is not necessary to change the STO register and the PSW key independently of whether an access to the first or to the second space is intended. The following advantages are achieved with the embodiments of this invention: A main storage can be accessed while satisfying main storage protection and not changing a PSW key of the CPU. Thus, complicated processing of changing a PSW can be omitted. In transferring data between main storages having different main storage keys, a key protection exception can be suppressed by selecting a work access key selection mode and setting the work access key "0", to thereby allow accessing by the same access key and thus enable a high speed data transfer. Since an address space can be changed easily, there is no need of changing a STO, thus enabling a high speed data transfer between address spaces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a data processing system according to the present invention; Fig. 2 shows where keys for managing main storage protection are located; Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing the processing for a data transfer instruction between different address spaces; Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the processing for a MVCP instruction according to the present invention; Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing another embodiment of the processing for a MVCK instruction; and Figs. 6A and 6B are diagrams for explaining the difference between the present invention and a conventional system. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a data processing system according to the present invention. In the Figure, a single program status word (PSW) present in a central processing unit includes a PSW key which is registered in a PSW key register 1 (PSW key is called "P k "). A work access key register (work access key is called "W k ") is provided independently from the PSW key register 1. A key selector 3 selects, under microprogram control, one of the PSW key register 1 and the work access key register 2. A judgement circuit 4 judges if a key from the key registers selected by the key selector 3 is "0" or not. There are also provided a first address translation table leading address register 5 (called a "PSTO") and a second address translation table leading address register 6 (called an "SSTO"). A STO selector 7 selects one of PSTO 5 and SSTO 6. A logical address register 8 loads a logical address of a main storage 15 to be accessed. An address translation circuit 9 translates a logical address in the logical address register 8 into a real address. A real address output circuit 10 controls the output of the address translation circuit 9 to provide a real address. A read circuit 11 reads a storage key M k corresponding to an address outputted from the real address output circuit 10. A comparator circuit 12 compares a main storage key M k read by the read circuit 11 with a selected key K (not zero). An access enable signal generator 13 generates an access enable signal. Upon reception of an access enable signal from the access enable signal generator 13, a main storage access circuit 14 accesses a main storage 15 storing various data, based on address data from the real address output circuit 10. An error notification circuit 16 sends to a hierarchical unit (not shown) a program error signal when the comparator circuit 12 outputs a non-coincidence result. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing where keys for managing main storage protection are located, wherein identical numbers to those in Fig. 1 represent similar elements and parts. Referring to Fig. 2, there are shown a program status word 17, a first address space 19 (PS) produced by PSTO 5, a main storage key 20 (PS k ) corresponding to a first address space 19, a second address space 22 (SS) produced by SSTO 6, a main storage key 23 (SS k ) corresponding to SSTO 6, and an instruction format 24 (hereinafter called "instruction"). Each data is stored in a register or a memory. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the specification of a data transfer instruction 24 is as follows: "A second operand on the first address space 19 is read or fetched using a PSW key P k , to thereafter write i.e., store a key value X k given by the instruction as an access key K in the second address space 22 different from the first address space. The lengths of first and second operands are both L bytes. When the access key K and a storage key M k do not coincide with each other and the access key K is not "0", a program error is detected and a data transfer instruction is suppressed." In this embodiment, it is assumed that an address translation table leading address for use in producing a first address space 19 (PS) and that for a second address space 22 (SS) are stored beforehand in PSTO 5 and SSTO 6, respectively. Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing processings executed by microprograms or the like, of a data transfer instruction between different address spaces. The data transfer operation between different address spaces will be described using the instruction 24 shown in Fig. 2 as an example, with reference to Fig. 1 and the procedure shown in Fig. 3. (i) A store rehearsal is first prepared to judge if a program error will be detected while a first operand is stored. A key value X k supplied from the instruction 24 on the CPU side is set in the work access key register 2, and an output selection command for the work access key register 2 is given to the key selector 3. In the following, a key selected by the key selector 3 using a key value X k is referred to as "K". A first operand address generated from the instruction 24 is set in the logical address register 8 as an address to be accessed. The first operand is located in the second address space 22 (SS) generated through address translation using SSTO 6 as an address translation table leading address (hereinafter called "STO"), and accordingly, the STO selector 7 is caused to select SSTO 6 as a STO (step 25). (ii) A store rehearsal for the first operand is executed. The first operand address (the logical address) set at the access logical address register 8 is translated into a real address 10 by the address translation circuit 9. The corresponding storage key or space 23 (SS k ) added to the second address space 22 is read by the read circuit 11. In the meantime, the judgement circuit 4 judges if a key K (=X k ) selected by the key selector 3 is "0" or not. If the judgement results in K=0, the main storage key M k , i.e., SS k is not compared with the access key K, to allow an access to the main storage 15. K=0, accordingly, represents a so-called "almighty key" which allows an access to the main storage 15 arbitrarily without any requirements. If the access key K selected by the selection circuit 3 is not "0", the comparator circuit 12 compares the access key K with the storage key M k read by the read circuit 11. If a comparison result by the comparator circuit 12 shows K=M k , i.e., X k =SS k , then an access enable signal is generated which is applied via the access enable signal gate 13 and the main storage access circuit 14 to the main storage 15 for the access thereof. Since the store rehearsal is executed at this time, the access circuit 14 is controlled by microprograms to prevent writing into the main storage 15. If K does not match M k , i.e., X k is not equal to SS k , the comparator circuit 12 generates and sends a program error signal to the error notification circuit 16 (steps 26 and 26A). In this case, the processing terminates as an abnormal state. (iii) For the preparation of a fetch rehearsal, the access key value X k supplied from the instruction 24 is set in the W k register 2. The key selector 3 is given a selection command for selecting an output from the PSW key (P k ) register 1. Since a second operand is located in the first address space 19 (PS) generated by address translation using PSTO 5 as the address translation table leading address, the STO selector 7 is controlled, for example, by execution of microprograms to select PSTO 5 (step 27). (iv) Similarly to the above step (ii), a fetch rehearsal for the second operand is executed. If a access key K=P k (PSW key) selected by the key selector 3 is "0", a success of a fetch rehearsal is assumed. If K is not "0" and coincides with the storage key or space 20 (PS k ) added to the first address space 19 (PS), i.e., K=PS k , an access to the main storage 15 is possible so that a success of a fetch rehearsal is assumed. If K is not "0" and does not coincide with M k , i.e., P k is not PS k , a program error is assumed to suppress the instruction (steps 28 and 28A). In case of instruction suppression, the processing is terminated as an abnormal state. (v) After a success of a fetch rehearsal, W k =0 is set in the W k register 2, and a selection command for the work access key is given to the key selector 3 (step 29). (vi) A process for reading a operand data from the first address space 19 and writing them to the second address space 22 is performed. A selection command for an STO issues simultaneously with a main storage access request. Microprograms give an access instruction to PSTO 5 to be selected as a STO when the data is fetched from the first address space 19, and give an access instruction to SSTO 6 to be selected as a STO when the data are stored in the second address space 22. Although the storage key is read, comparison of the storage key with the access key is not effected because the access key is "0". Thus, irrespective of the value of the storage key, an access to the storage is allowed (steps 30, 31). (vii) It is judged if the data transfer between the first and second address spaces has been completed up to L bytes. The above step (vi) is repeated until the transfer up to L bytes is completed (step 32). (viii) After the end of data transfer processing, a selection command for the PSW key P k is given to the key selector 3 to resume a status before execution of an instruction (step 33). (ix) If a program error is detected, the operation is set at an output selection mode for the PSW key register to initiate an interruption process. In the similar manner as above, the present invention is applicable to a MVCP or a MVCK instruction. According to the specification of an MVCP instruction, a second operand in the second address space is read using the key value X k supplied from the instruction, and is written into a first-operand address in the first address space using the PSW key P k as the access key. The lengths of the first and second operands are both L bytes. When the access key K is not "0" and does not coincide with the main storage key M k , a program error is detected and the instruction is suppressed. Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of data transfer by a MVCP instruction. In a store operation for a first operand in the second address space 22 (SS), PSTO register 5 is set at a selection mode (step 35) to effect a store rehearsal for the first operand (step 36). Next, the key selector 3 is set at a selection mode for the W k register 2 in which a key value X k given by the MVCP instruction has been set. The STO selector 7 is set so as to select the SSTO register 6 (step 37). Thereafter, a fetch rehearsal for a second operand is conducted (step 38). Upon success of a fetch rehearsal, the W k register 2 is set "0" (step 39). A processing of fetching data from the second address space 22 in the SSTO selection mode and storing it in the first address space 19 in the PSTO selection mode is performed (steps 40, 41). The following operation is identical to steps 32 and 33 of the embodiment described before. Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the present invention to which an MVCK instruction is applied. Steps similar to those of the preceding embodiment are designated by same reference numbers. The specification of an MVCK instruction can be decided as in the following example: A second operand is read using the key value X k supplied from a MVCK instruction. The PSW key P k is written in as an access key K at the first operand address. The lengths of the first and second operands are both L bytes. If K is not "0" and does not coincide with M k , a program error is detected and the MVCK instruction is suppressed to be executed. Particularly, with a MVCK instruction, a STO is selected in accordance with an address space control bit in the PSW. W k is used as an access key for fetching a second operand, while the PSW key P k is used as an access key for storing a first operand. Consequently, selection modes for PSTO and SSTO as in the embodiments described before are not needed as illustrated in steps 47, 50 and 51. Data transfer according to the present invention and a prior art will be compared with reference to the timing charts shown in Figs. 6A and 6B. In the case where a request address is given by a logical address, the following operations are generally performed for each fetch (or store)operation: (1) recognizing a request address, (2) judging if the request address is present in a translation lookaside buffer (TLB), (3) deriving a real address from the TLB if the request address is present in it, (4) deriving a real address through address translation if the request address is not present in the TLB, and (5) fetching (or storing) data from (or into) a storage or a cash memory at the real address using an access key. If the same access key K is used to repeat a request, the above operations can be generally executed in an overlap manner. Fig. 6A shows a timing chart of a read/write operation using the same access key. In the Figure, fetch and store operations are executed in an overlap manner, which are realized through a pipeline processing of the above operations (1) to (5). However, in transferring data between address spaces by different access keys, an access key value X k different for each request must be used. In such a case, the access key value K must be maintained unchanged until the above operation (5) is completed. Therefore, a request has been processed heretofore serially as shown in Fig. 6B by way of the operations a ○ and b ○ by which a PSW key is changed to a corresponding address space key. In contrast with the above, in the embodiments according to the present invention, K=0, i.e., almighty access is used in data transfer between address spaces even if they have different keys. Therefore, the data transfer between address spaces is performed using an apparently same access key, thus enabling an overlap among the accesses as shown in Fig. 6A and a high speed data transfer.

Claims: A multi-address space control method for use in a data processing system for multi-address-space-control wherein, when a main storage (15) is to be accessed from a processor, a main storage protection is conducted by comparing by a comparator (12) an access key output by said processor with a main storage key provided in the main storage, comprising: a first key register (1) for storing a program status word key output by said processor; a second key register (2) for storing an access key output by said processor in accordance with a data transfer instruction; a selector (3) for selecting one of said first and second key register under control of said processor; and judging means (4) coupled to said selector (3) for judging whether a key selected by said selector is a predetermined value, allowing (13, 14) said processor to access said main storage (15) irrespective of a value of said main storage key when the value of said selected key matches said predetermined value, and for comparing (12) the value of said selected key to said main storage key when the value of said selected key does not match said predetermined value, allowing (13, 14) said processor to access said main storage (15) when said main storage key and said selected key match; the method being characterized by executing a data transfer instruction between a fetch-address-space and a store-address-space by a microprogram, comprising the steps of pretesting (26, 26A, Figures 3-5) an access key selected by the selector (3) from the second key register (2) as to whether the access key matches the main storage key associated to the data accessed in one of said address-spaces in accordance with the data transfer instruction, pretesting (27, 28, 28A, 37, 38, Figures 3-5) a program status word key selected by the selector from the first key register (1) as to whether the key matches the main storage key associated to the data accessed in the other address-space in accordance with the data transfer instruction, setting said predetermined value in said second key register (2) when the result of said pretesting steps indicates matches; and then selecting the second key register (2) independently from an address space to be accessed. A method according to claim 1, characterized in further comprising a step of inhibiting actual accessing to said main storage.

Inventors: ARA MARI, IMAI KANAME, SAWAMOTO HIDEO, ARA, MARI, IMAI, KANAME, SAWAMOTO, HIDEO
Applicants: HITACHI LTD, HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G06F12
IPC codes: G06F12