PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS DRY REMOVAL OF BOTTOM ASH

Abstract: A process and apparatus based on a high temperature resistant conveyor belt constructed so as to be able to undergo expansion in any direction, and consisting of two separated but joined elements (1, 2) carrying out the separate functions of load bearing (1) and of driving (2). The belt is enclosed in a tight sealed steel box (15) applied to the boiler bottom, so that the belt continuously receives and discharges the ash.

Description: "PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS DRY REMOVAL OF BOTTOM ASH" The present invention relates to a process for continuous dry removal of bottom ash as well as to the relevant apparatus for carrying out said process. -- Coal used in steam production contain inert matter in a percentage varying from 8 to 20 % by weight. In the steam producing boilers of thermoelectric power plants, fed with solid fuels, the combustion produces an ash residue of two fractions, namely fly ash carried by smoke and mainly picked up by the electrostatic filters provided for 0 " protecting the environment and bottom ash gathering on the boiler bottom, which must be removed. Bottom ash contents is of about 20 % on the total ash amount and they have a granule size from 0.03 to 300 mm while in the biggest pieces they may have a temperature up to 1200°C. 5 A percentage of unburnt coal, varying from 4 to 16 % according to the design and age of the boiler, must be removed with the ash. The presently used boilers at their bottom have a water tank adapted to cool ash so as to allow the required removal with mechanical or hydraulic systems and also to give tightness so as to prevent false air to enter the boiler. D The mixture consisting of water, ash and unburnt coal is sent to a plant for separating and recovering water, while the dry residue,, not having an economical industrial use, is sent to dump and creates considerable environmental problems. The present invention removes these drawbacks and provides for a dry remαval of bottom ash, being based on the novel principle of using a conveyor belt 5 to remove said ash. In order to carry out this system it was therefore necessary to study a particular conveyor belt, adapted to withstand high temperature and provided with means adapted to confer tightness around the boiler bottom. These problems are perfectly solved by the continuous dry removal appara- tus of the present invention, consisting of a steal belt conveyor made so as to withstand high temperatures, inserted in a tight steel box, which is applied to the bailer bottom so that the conveyor belt contained in the box, receives and removes continuously said ash. 5 The steel belt conveyor is made so as to withstand mechanical stress due to ash impact and thermal stress due to burner radiation and high temperature of the removed ash. In said belt the load bearing function and the driving function are assigned to two different but joined elements; the load bearing function to a set of steel 0 plates suitably shaped and partially overlapping so as to form a continuous trough; and the driving function to a net-like wired belt made of high tensile steel. Each plate is individually fixed to the belt by a set of rivets or bolts which are connected with crosspieces inserted in the links of said belt. This system allows free expansion of the plates in every direction according 15 tα temperature variations in order to avoid permanent set. The steel wired belt is friction actuated by a cylindrical driving drum and it Is stretched by a jockey drum on which a tensioning system is acting. The driving system based on friction and tension, allows that also the wired belt may have free expansion in any direction avoiding permanent set. • -- Therefore the values of resistances to high temperature of this system are equal to the values of heat resistance of the type of alloy steel used. Refractory steel with high chrome and nickel contents are normally used, but other alloys may be used as well. Tension induced in the belt by the tensioning system acting on the jockey 25 drum, causes a pressure between plates in their overlapping areas; such a pressure between plates for the whole belt length prevents passage even of the smallest particles. The load ' bearing run of the belt is supported by smooth rollers while the return run is supported by cast iron or steel wheels. 0 Roller shafts protrude outside the container box, so that they can be supported by bearings arranged in a cool area. Between the shafts and the corresponding holes made in the box there are heat resistant seals preventing air entrance and gas passage, but allowing a sliding movement of the shafts due to expansion. A cyclically operated valve limiting or preventing entrance of cool air, may be applied downstream the area of ash discharge from the apparatus. In vacuum operated boilers a quantity of air controlled by the above system may be delivered countercurrently to the direction of ash discharge. In this way the heat yielded to air by ash and by the combustion of the unburnt matter on the belt, is brought again into the boiler so as to increase its efficiency. The above indicated system has a number of advantages which are herein¬ after briefly enumerated: (a) Removal and conveyance of ash even of big size without requiring prior - crushing. (b) Energy recovery from the unburnt coal portion. (c) Industrial employ of dry ash not degraded by water and free from unburnt matter. (d) Simplicity and reliability of the system built so as to avoid sudden halts. (e) Energy saving in view of the low installed power in comparison with other systems. (f) Reduction of areas required for the plant. (g) Elimination of water transport and treatment systems. (h) Reduction of installation and maintenance costs. The process and apparatus being the subject matter of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, given only as a non limiting example of its scope, reference being had to the accompanying illustrative drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a lateral general view of an embodiment of the apparatus according tor the present invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the apparatus, taken in the left-hand portion along line X-X and in the right-hand portion along line Y-Y of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the passage of the conveyor belt on the driving drum; ' Fig. 4 is a detailed bottom view of a portion of the conveyor belt; Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line Z-Z of Fig. 4, showing the structure of the conveyor belt; and Fig. 6 is a partially sectioned elevational view, showing the detail of the su With reference now to the various figures of the accompanying drawings, as already stated the apparatus substantially comprises a steel conveyor belt consi¬ sting of a plurality of steel plates 1 suitably shaped and partially overlapping so as to form a continuous trough. Each plate 1 is provided with lateral boards 11 and some plates have also transverse dams 12 for dividing the trough into sections, so as to avoid that the material slides back in the inclined stretches. Thus these plates 1 have the load bearing function, while the driving function is effected by a high strength steel wired belt 2. Each plate 1 is individually fixed to belt 2 by bolts 8 with relevant nut 10, which however may be replaced by rivets or other equivalent fastners, which are connected to crosspieces 9 suitably inserted in the links of said wired belt 2. This open system allows free expansion of plates 1 in any direction when temperature changes, so as to avoid permanent set. The steel wired belt 2 is friction actuated by a cylindrical driving drum 7 and it is tensioned by a jockey drum 13 on which a tensioning device is acting, said device being not illustrated in greater detail as it is well known in the conveyor technique. This driving system, based on friction and tension, allows that also the wired belt 2 way undergo free expansion in any direction, so as to avoid permanent set. The load bearing run of the belt is supported by smooth rollers 3, while the lower return run is supported by cast iron or steel wheels 4. Shafts 14 of smooth rollers 3 protrude outside a steel containing box 15, which is applied at the boiler bottom, so that ash is falling on the conveyor belt enclosed therein and said shafts 14 may be supported outside the hot environment by bearings 16, thus arranged in a cool area and supported by specially designed supports 5. Between shafts 14 and the corresponding holes 17 made in the box 15, there are heat resistant seals 6, preventing air entrance and gas passage, but allowing shafts 14 to slide because of expansion. A guide and adjustment pin 18 protrudes from a hole made in support 5 and provided with a sealing gasket 19. It is of course to be understood that the foregoing detailed description was merely , given as a non limiting . example and therefore many modifications, additions, substitutions and/or variations may be resorted to the apparatus and process of the present invention, which was described in its particular embodiment for steam producing boilers in thermoelectric power plants, but obviously having a much- broader range of application, which may be of interest in all those plants where there is the problem of discharging heavy and hot ash, without departing however from spirit and scope of the invention, as it is better defined in the appended claims.

Claims: C L A I M S 1) Process for continuous dry removal of bottom ash, more particularly from the bottom of steam producing boilers, characterized in that said ash is discharged on a high temperature resistant conveyor belt, enclosed in a tight sealed envelope. 5 2) Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the high temperature resistance of the conveyor belt is obtained by such a belt structure as to allow its expansion in any direction. 3) Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that downstream the ash discharge area from conveyor, a cyclically actuated valve is provided, limiting or 10 preventing cool air entrance. 4) Process according to Claim 3, characterized in that in vacuum operated boilers, a quantity of air controlled by said valve, is delivered countercurrently to the direction of ash discharge, so that heat yielded to said air by ash and combustion of unburnt matter on the belt, is brought again into the boiler so as to 15 increase its efficiency. 5) Process for continuous dry removal of heavy ash, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 6) Apparatus for continuous dry removal of heavy ash, more particularly from the bottom of steam producing boilers, characterized in that it comprises a -- continuous removing element consisting of steel conveyor belt constructed so as to withstand high temperatures, enclosed in a tight sealed steel box applied to the boiler bottom so that the belt continuously receives and discharges said ash. 7) Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that the conveyor belt consists of two separated but joined elements, namely a set of steel plates suitably Z5 shaped and partially overlapping so as to form a continuous trough, having the load bearing function, and a high strength steel wired belt having the driving function. 8) Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that each plate is individually fixed to the belt by means of fasteners such as rivets or bolts, connected to crosspieces inserted in the links of said belt, so as to allow free 2" expansion of the plates in any direction. 9) Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the steel wired belt is friction actuated by a driving drum and is tensioned by a jockey drum provided with a tensioning system, so that * also the belt is free to undergo expansion in any direction. 10) Apparatus according to Claims 7 and 9, characterized in that tension 5 Induced on belt causes a pressure between plates in the overlapping area, so that said tension produces a tightening seal between adjacent plates along the whole belt length, preventing loss of material even of small particle size. 11) Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the belt in the load bearing run is supported by smooth rollers, the shafts of which protrude from m the enclosure box, so as to be supported by bearings arranged in a cool area. 12) Apparatus according to Claim 11, characterized in that between shafts αf smooth rollers and holes in the box provided for their passage, there are heat resistant seals preventing air entrance and gas passage, but allowing shaft sliding due to expansion. 15 13) Apparatus for continuous dry removal of heavy ash, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated as a non limiting example only in the figures of the sheets of accompanying drawings. 14) Apparatus for continuous dry removal of heavy ash, whenever employed to carry out the process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5. 20 15) Process for continuous dry removal of heavy ash, whenever carried out by the apparatus of one or more of Claims 6 to 13.

Inventors: MAGALDI MARIO, MAGALDI, MARIO
Applicants: MAGALDI MARIO, MAGALDI, MARIO
Application year: 1987
Main classification: F23J1
IPC codes: B65G15, B65G17, F23J1