APPARATUS FOR GENERATING SUPERHIGH PRESSURE

Abstract: An apparatus for generating superhigh pressure is provided for producing diamond, carbide material, and the like, in which fluid pressure generating means (2l) are used for generating fluid pressure (F) introduced into pressure spaces (4) to move a plurality of movable bodies (3) pressing an arti­ cle to be pressed by a pressing force applied from outside of a casing (5). Said pressure generating means (2l) are integral with the casing (5) to sim­ plify hydraulic pressure equipment.

Description: The present invention relates to an apparatus for gene­ rating superhigh pressure, more particularly the means with which the pressure is generated. Superhigh pressure generating apparatuses for producing diamond, carbide material , and the like are generally known. Pressure generated by such an apparatus can range from tens of thousands to several tens of thou­ sands kg/cm². One type of superhigh pressure generating apparatus, known as the 'belt-type', is equipped with a disk-like cylinder having a hole in the center. A pair of anvils, the ends of which are projected, are respec­ tively directed toward the aforesaid hole from both sides to generate superhigh pressure. Another type, known as the 'diamond type', has anvils which are arranged in six directions, i.e. upper and lower, front and back,and left and right. These anvils are synchronized toward the center of the cylinder to generate very high pressure. A third type, known as the 'split-sphere type', has a spherical body which is divided into six or eight sec­ tions to form an internal space in its central portion. This internal space is pressed from all directions in order to obtain very high pressure. The applicant has previously proposed a very high pres­ sure apparatus which is modified over the 'split-sphere type' (Japanese Patent Application No. 225,l28/l984). As shown in Fig. 5, this very high pressure apparatus is principally composed of a split sphere b for defining an internal space a in the center thereof, a casing c for accommodating the split sphere b, and a piston d for pressing the split sphere b into the casing c. The split sphere b is an assembly of split moving bodies e in the form of flat-top round-bottom quadrangular pyramids which are obtained when a sphere is equally divided into more than four sections and the tips or the peaks are cut. The split sphere b arrangement has in its center the internal space a defined by the oppositely arranged split moving bodies e in order to accomodate therein an article to be pressed. The split moving bodies e are forced to move inwardly in a diametral direction, uni­ formly pressing the article from all directions. The casing c, having room inside for accomodating the split sphere, is a cubic body. This casing c consists of an upper and a lower section obtained by horizontally cut­ ting the cubic body so that it can accomodate the split sphere b. Said two sections are recessed spherically so as to provide enough room for the split sphere b in the middle of the casing c. The split moving bodies e, respectively, can move slightly toward the center of the sphere inside said room. Also provided inside the ca­ sing c are pressure chambers g which face each other and are contiguous from the recesses f. The center lines of the pressure chambers g are directed toward the center of the split sphere b. The pressure chambers g are formed to correspond to the split moving bodies e, and the split moving bodies e are adapted so that they move inwardly when fluid pressure is applied. Two sections of the casing c have flanges h, respectively, which pro­ trude from the lateral side. Couplings i having a ⊐-shaped cross section are fitted into the flanges h to firmly clamp the split casing c. Hollow cylindrical pistons d are arranged inside the pressure chambers g. Curved head portions at the ends of the pistons d have the same curvature as that of the sphere b and are in contact with the outer surfaces of the split moving bodies e. Hydraulic pumps ℓ , which are provided outside of the casing c,are connected to the pressure chambers g through an oil passage k. Fluid pressure, supplied from the hydraulic pumps ℓ, acts on the pistons d. The pistons d urge and move the split moving bodies e so that very high pressure can be applied to the article inside the internal space a . It should be noted that the fluid is not limited to oil but other fluids, if they are non­ compressive, may also be employed. The above-described proposals and other conventional su­ perhigh pressure apparatuses have the following draw­ backs. A supply of fluid pressure to the pressure chambers g can be carried out separately and independently from out­ side the casing c by the hydraulic pumpsℓ or the like. However, the installation of a hydraulic pump ℓ poses the problem that it makes the construction, such as piping, complicated. Since the fluid pressure to be supplied to the pressure chambers g should be of the order of seve­ ral l000 kg/cm², it is generally necessary to provide one hydrau­ lic pump ℓ for each pressure chamber g individually. Consequently, the structure of the entire apparatus becomes very compli­ cated and it is necessary to secure a considerable amount of space for the installation. On the other hand, the hydraulic pump generally has a performance of l000 to 2000 kg/cm². The fluid pressure to be introduced into the pressure chambers g is larger than that, i.e, of the order of several l000 kg/cm², and therefore, special hydraulic pumps are required. Should a general type of hydraulic pump be used, some kind of technical measures must be taken to secure a high fluid pressure. In such cases, the apparatuses according to the prior art are expensive to manufacture. The present invention has been developed to effectively solve the aforementioned problems. The apparatus according to the present invention compri­ ses: a plurality of moving bodies arranged opposite each other so as to define an internal space for recei­ ving an article to be pressed and being movable to some extent; a casing having room inside for said plurality of moving bodies and having pressure chambers for said moving bodies, respectively, fluid being introduced into said pressure chambers to push the moving bodies inward­ ly, and fluid pressure generating means being integrally provided with said casing to generate fluid pressure to be introduced into the pressure chambers by a pressing force applied from outside of the casing. The fluid pressure generating means, provided integrally with the casing, are pressed by the pressing force applied from outside of the casing. High pressure fluid is created simultaneously and introduced into the pres­ sure chambers to thereby move the plurality of moving bodies, thus applying very high pressure to the intended article. The provision of such a fluid pressure generating means eliminates the need for the separate and independent installation of a hydraulic pump and overcomes the problem caused by insufficient pump performance when a standard hydraulic pump is used. The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings in which Fig. l is a side cross-sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of the present inven­ tion; Fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view illustrating a second preferred embodiment of the pre­ sent invention; Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view depicting a a third preferred embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of part A in Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 is a side cross-sectional view showing a device already proposed. In the drawings, only the split-sphere type superhigh pressure apparatus, which was introduced in the above-­ described proposed device, is depicted. However, it should be noted that the invention will be applied also to the superhigh pressure apparatus of the belt-type, diamond-type, or others. In Fig. l a superhigh pressure apparatus is shown which is principally composed of a plurality of movable bodies 3 arranged opposite to each other so as to define an in­ ternal space 2 for receiving an article to be pressed and a casing 5 having a spherical compartment 20 for said plurality of movable bodies 3 and having pressure chambers 4 for said movable bodies 3 to receive fluid pressure F in order to let said bodies 3 move inwardly. More specifically, said apparatus shown in Fig. l com­ prises six split movable bodies 3 assembled to form a split sphere l pressing an article inside the internal space 2 in the diametral direction. The casing 5 has the spherical compartment 20 for accomodating the split movable bodies 3 and the pressure chambers 4 which are provided for pushing the split movable bodies 3 inward­ ly. The pressure chambers 4 are defined and formed so as to face the surface 6 as if they were attached to the split moving bodies 3 inside the casing 5. In the pressure chambers 4 pistons 7 are provided on which fluid pres­ sure F is exerted to move the split movable bodies 3 inwardly. The casing 5 is divided into an upper and a lower sec­ tion so that the split movable bodies 3, or the like, can be received in said compartment 20. The casing 5 may be composed by joining a pair of split casing bodies 22, 23 at their surfaces 5a. The casing 5 is integral­ ly equipped with fluid pressure generating means 2l in which high fluid pressure, which is to be supplied to the pressure chambers 4, is generated by pressing for­ ces applied from outside of the casing 5. The split casing bodies 22 and 23, respectively, have rams ll which protrude from the outer surfaces opposite to the joining surfaces 5a. Sleeve-like cylinders l2 are pro­ vided with the rams ll so as to encircle the rams peri­ pherally. These cylinders l2 are slidable axially against the rams ll. Above the rams ll, disk-like head covers l3 having a seal ring l4 are provided on the openings l2a of the cylinders l2. The head covers l3 close the openings l2a of the cylinders l2 to define spaces l0 between the rams ll wherein fluid pressure is generated. Fluid, such as oil, is also sealed in­ side the fluid pressure forming spaces l0. Oil pas­ sages l5 bored in the casing 5 are provided between said spaces l0 and the pressure chambers 4. The oil passages l5 serve for introducing fluid pressure F gene­ rated inside said spaces l0 into the pressure chambers 4. In the present embodiment, six split movable bodies 3 and six pressure chambers 4 are provided, and therefore, in each section of the casing 5 three oil passages l5 connect said spaces l0 to three pressure chambers 4. The heads lla of the rams ll are designed so that when fluid pressure F is generated by pressing force, the resulting force of fluid pressure F is allowed to act vertically on the plane of the joined surfaces 5a of the split casing bodies 22, 23 bringing them into tight contact. The top planes lla of the rams ll are respec­ tively parallel to the joined surfaces 5a. With the above-described arrangement, high fluid pres­ sure F may be generated when the head covers l3 of the fluid pressure generating means 2l are clamped by pres­ sing means such as a press to apply pressing force to the fluid pressure forming spaces l0. The fluid is introduced into the pressure chambers 4 through the oil passages l5 to move the split movable bodies 3 inwardly under high pressure, thereby applying superhigh pressure to the article. In Fig. 2, the casing 5 is integrally formed in its outer surface 5b with cylinders 25 which are shaped by recessing from the outer surface 5b and in which fluid F is sealed. Within the cylinders 25 rams 26 are pro­ vided which are axially slidable. When the pressing force is applied to the rams 26, the fluid F sealed in the cylinders 25 takes over increased pressure and may be introduced into the chambers 4. In Fig. 3, a fluid pressure generating means 2l is in­ tegrally provided with one of the pair of split casing bodies 23. The chambers 4, into which fluid pressure F is introduced from the fluid pressure generating means 2l, are connected with each other by a passage 27 bored inside the casing 5. In this case, a header 28 is formed in the interior of the split casing body 22 which is the one without the fluid pressure generating means 2l. The chamber 4 located in the casing body 22 is connected to the header 28. The other chamber 4 in­ side the counterpart 23 is connected to the pressure generating means 2l. The header 28 serves to balance the fluid pressure F propagating from the latter cham­ ber 4. In this embodiment the passage 27 penetrates the contact plane of the joined surfaces 5a of the split casing bodies 22, 23. A valving system is provided at this contact plane as shown in Fig. 4 and described below which cuts off the passage 27 in order to prevent leakage of oil when the split casing bodies 22, 23 are separated, and opens the passage 27 when they are joined. In the openings 28 of the passages 27 which open in the direction of the join­ ed surfaces 5a, valve bodies 3l are provided being urged by springs 30 into sleeve-like holders 29. Each valve body 3l tightly closes an opening 32 of the hol­ der 29 to cut off the passage 27. In the case where the joined surfaces 5a are brought into contact with each other, head portions 33 of the valve bodies 3l are moved away from each other against the spring 30, and the holes 32 of the holders 29 are opened and there­ with the passage 27 also opens. In the present invention, since the fluid pressure ge­ nerating means 2l is integrated with the casing 5, the desired fluid pressure F may be secured by pressing by the pressing means, such as a press, which is installed outside of the casing 5. As described above, the apparatus can be one unit which contains a pressure generating means integrated with the casing 5, and thus it is not necessary to provide a pi­ ping installation outside of the casing 5 or to operate hydraulic pumps which are required for the apparatus according to the prior art. Hence, equipment and ope­ ration are simplified. Moreover, a press device or the like generally has a considerable pressing ability so that it is not necessary to use a hydraulic pump which is unsatisfactory in obtaining a higher pressure, or to use an expensive special hydraulic pump. Consequenti­ ally, it is possible to generate very high pressure as desired while also restraining an increase in cost. The case where the same pressing force is applied to the split moving bodies should now be considered. If considerably high fluid pressure F can be secured by a press device or the like, it is possible to make the piston 7 smaller than in the case where only lower pressure is obtained. Thus, the piston 7 may be mini­ aturized as well as the entire system. Furthermore, since the head lla of the ram ll is designed so that the resulting force of the fluid pressure F acting thereon is applied vertically to the joined surfaces 5a, the contact between the joined surfaces 5a of the casing 5 may be secured by the fluid pressure F gene­ rated by actuation of the press device. Since the fluid pressure generating means is integrally provided with the casing in order to introduce fluid pressure into the pressure chambers upon application of pressing force from the outside, the apparatus may be built as a single unit, i.e., it is not necessary to install a separate hydraulic pump or to improve the ability of the hydraulic pump. Thus, equipment as well as operation may be simplified and costs are kept at a minimum.

Claims: 1. An apparatus for generating superhigh pressure com­ prising a plurality of movable bodies (3) being ar­ ranged opposite to each other so as to define an in­ ternal space (2) for receiving an article to be pres­ sed, and being movable within a casing (5) from out­ side toward the inside, the casing (5) having room inside for said plurality of movable bodies (3) and also having pressure spaces or chambers (4) contigu­ ous to said room for said movable bodies (3) in order to introduce fluid pressure (F) for moving them in­ wardly, and fluid pressure generating means(2l) inte­ grally provided with said casing (5) to generate fluid pressure (F) to be introduced into said pres­ sure spaces (4) by a pressing force applied from outside of the casing (5). 2. The apparatus of claim l, wherein said fluid pressure generating means (2l)comprises rams (ll) protruding from said casing (5), sleeve-like cylinders (l2) encircling said rams (ll) peripherally and being slidable, and head covers (l3) closing openings of said cylinders (l2) to seal fluid between said rams (ll) and pressing the fluid by the force which is applied from outside. 3. The apparatus of claim l or 2, wherein said fluid pressure generating means (2l) comprise cylinders (l2) being formed by recessing the casing (5) from its outer surface (6) and containing the fluid, and rams (ll) being slidable inside said cylinders (l2) and pressing the fluid sealed therein. 4. The apparatus of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein said plurality of movable bodies (3) consist of six split spherical bodies obtained by equally dividing a sphere. 5. The apparatus of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein said pressure spaces (4) contain pistons (7) in contact with the outside of said movable bodies (3) and are also provided so as to act on said pis­ tons (7), pushing said movable bodies (3) inwardly. 6. The apparatus of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein said casing (5) is constructed by joining a pair of split casing bodies (22, 23) such that said room can accommodate said movable bodies (3). 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said fluid pressure generating means (2l) are provided integrally with said pair of split casing bodies (22, 23) at the outer surface (6) which is the other side of the contact plane (5a) of the casing (5). 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said fluid pressure generating means (2l) are provided integral with one (23) of said pair of split casing bodies (22, 23), and the pressure spaces (4) receiving fluid pressure (F) from said fluid pressure generating means (2l) are connected to each other by a pressure conduit (27, 28) formed inside said casing (5). 9. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein said pair of split casing bodies (22, 23) are brought into tight contact with each other at the contact plane (5a) by the fluid pressure (F) generated by a pressing force.

Inventors: HARA, OKITADA
Applicants: ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: B01J3
IPC codes: B30B1, B30B11, B01J3, B30B5