Dry cleaning method and apparatus

Abstract: There are disclosed a dry cleaning method and apparatus using organic solvents in which two types of solvents (4, 4a) melted to each other, one of which is a solvent (for example, perchloroethylene or l.l.l trichloroethane) having large washing power and the other of which is a solvent (for example, freon Rll3 or terpene) having high safety for clothes can be simultaneously possessed and mixed to a predetermined mixture ratio in the range in which the respective characteristics of both the solvents do not interfere with each other by a fractionating device of the solvents, whereby almost all materials for clothes can be cleaned. With the structure, a single dry cleaner can clean almost all material for clothes (2) and can increase the generality greatly as compared with the prior art cleaner.

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART STATEMENT The present invention relates to a dry cleaning method and an apparatus thereof using organic solvents such as perchloroethylene, 1.1.1. trichloroethane, freon R113, freon R11, terpene (petroleum group) and the like. Referring to Fig. 4 showing a system diagram of a conventional dry cleaner, the dry cleaning processes using the organic solvent except the terpene are now described. Clothes 2 are first put in the cleaner through a door 1 and the door 1 is then closed. When operation of the cleaner is started, the cleaner is generally operated in the following sequence. a) A solvent 4 is pumped up from a solvent tank 3 through a valve 5 by a pump 6 so that a necessary amount of solvent 4 is fed into a processing tank 10 through a valve 7 and a filter 8 or through a valve 9. b) A processing drum 11 is slowly rotated and at the same time the solvent 4 is circulated through a circuit consisting of the processing tank 10, a button trap 12, a valve 13, the pump 6, the valve 7 and the filter 8 or the valve 9 so that the clothes 2 are washed. c) The solvent 4 is exhausted through the processing tank 10, the button trap 12, the valve 13, the pump 6, the valve 14 and a distiller 15, and the processing drum 11 is then rotated at a high speed to centrifugalize the solvent 4 contained in the clothes 2 and exhaust it. d) The processes a) and b) are repeated. e) The solvent 4 is exhausted through the processing tank 10, the button trap 12, the valve 13 and the valve 5 into the solvent tank 3 and the processing drum 11 is then rotated at a high speed to centrifugalize the solvent 4 contained in the clothes 2 and exhaust it. f) The processing drum 11 is slowly rotated again and air is circulated through a recovery air duct 19 consisting of a fan 16, an air cooler 17 and an air heater 18 and the processing tank 10 in the direction of arrow 20 to dry the clothes 2. Solvent gas evaporated from the clothes 2 is condensed in the air cooler 17 and is fed in a water separator 22 through a withdrawal path 21 to be further fed in a clean tank 24 through a solvent pipe 23. g) When the drying of the clothes 2 is finished, dampers 25 and 26 are opened as shown by broken line to introduce fresh air from the damper 25. Thus, solvent gas which has not been condensed and withdrawn in the air cooler 17 is exhausted from the damper 26 and smell of the solvent contained in the clothes 2 is removed. h) The solvent 4 entered into the distiller 15 in the process c) is evaporated and is then condensed in a condenser 27. Further, the condensed solvent is sent out from the condenser 27 through the water separator 22 and the solvent pipe 23 into the clean tank 24 and is then returned to the solvent tank 3 through an overflow partition plate 28. Water separated by the water separator 22 is exhausted outside of the cleaner through a water pipe 29. Figs. 5 and 6 show the dry cleaning processes using terpene (petroleum solvent). The dry cleaning apparatus using terpene is generally divided into a washing and solvent-extracting tank 100, shown in Fig. 5, similar to the processing tank of Fig. 4 and a drying tank 200 (named a tumbler) shown in Fig. 6. In the washing and solvent-extracting tank 100, the washing process using other solvent described above and the same processes as the above-described processes a), b) and e) are performed to complete all processes. In the dry cleaning using terpene, generally the evaporation of the solvent is not made and instead of the fatty acid adsorbent such as porous aluminum and the decolorizing agent such as active carbon are filled into a filter 8b to purify the solvent 4. The clothes 2 from which the solvent has been extracted are taken out from the door 1 and put into a processing tank 10a of the tumbler of Fig. 6 from a door 1a thereof. The tumbler introduces outside air 20a therein from an inlet duct 19b by a fan 16. The air is heated by an air heater 18 and is sent in the processing tank 10a. The solvent 4 contained in the clothes 2 is evaporated and exhausted outside of the tumbler from an outlet duct 19a, thereby drying of the clothes is finished. As described above, the general dry cleaning processes using various solvents have been described and the dry cleaner using these solvents adopts the washing and drying system using a single solvent even if any solvent is used. Table 1 shows comparison of representative physical properties of solvents which are mainly used at the present time. Table 2 shows comparison of features, limitations, defects and the like in dry cleaning caused by the representative physical properties of the solvents shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the KB value is one of a measure representative of relative solubility of the solvent and the larger the numerical value thereof is, the larger the solubility is. As described above, in the conventional dry cleaner using exclusively only a single solvent, since the cleaner has both merits and demerits depending on characteristics of the solvent as described in Tables 1 and 2, it is necessary to properly use the solvent in accordance with various materials for clothes, processing and forms. More particularly, high washing efficiency is required for clothes having deep dirt and accordingly perchloroethylene or 1.1.1 trichloroethane having high solubility and washing power is suitable. On the other hand, clothes (so-called delicate clothes) which tend to be affected by solution and swelling due to the solvent require the stability. Accordingly, freon R113 or terpene (petroleum group) which can deal with most of materials for clothes is required. However, possession of both the dry cleaners is difficult in view of space and amount of investment in plant. Actually, one dry cleaner is employed at the sacrifice of one of the washing efficiency or the stability or an order for washing clothes is given to a special outside factory. Furthermore, it is known by document EP-A-0 186 621 a dry cleaning method using at least two types of organic solvents which are soluble to each other ; the two or more kinds of pure solvents are mixed to each other in an optional ratio. More particularly, this document relates to a dry cleaning method in which in a dry cleaner of using organic solvents such as perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, turpentine and the like, the already used solvent is replaced with another one soluble therein and having a lower boiling point, during washing or immediately before drying. It may be for example Freon R113 or R11. This method enables to shorten the drying period of time. The dry cleaning method is carried out in an apparatus teached by document EP-A-0 186 621, the main portion of the dry cleaner comprising three members of tanks for exclusively receiving at least two kinds of solvent, one treating tank connected to the tanks and a fractionating device connected to the tanks and the treating tank for recovering the pure solvents after complete distillation by fractional distillation. It may also be provided exclusive filters for the respective solvents, a common filter or a multi-filter composed of both the filters which is disposed between the tanks and the treating tank. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present ivnention is to provide a dry cleaning method and an apparatus therefor in which two mixtures of solvents one of which has large washing power and the other of which has high safety for clothes are simultaneously possessed to a first and a second predetermined mixture ratios so that all various clothes can be treated. The structure for achieving the object is as follows : A dry cleaning method using organic solvents as defined in claim 1 is such that two types of solvents melted to each other, one of which is a solvent (for example, perchloroethylene or 1,1,1 trichloroethane) having large washing power and the other of which is a solvent (for example, Freon R113 or terpene) having high safety for clothes can be simultaneously possessed to the first and second predetermined mixture ratios in the range in which the respective characteristics of both the solvents do not interfere with each other by means for fractionating the solvents, whereby almost all materials for clothes can be cleaned. A dry cleaning apparatus according to the invention is defined in claim 4. In brief, according to the present invention, in order to solve the above problems, two types of solvents mixed to each other and having characteristics different from each other, one of which is a solvent, for example perchloroethylene, having large washing power and the other of which is a solvent, for example Freon R113, having high safety, can be simultaneously possessed in one dry cleaner, and the processing tank, a pump and a solvent circulation path are commonly employed to make inexpensive the machine. Thus, there is further provided a fractionating device for fractionating the solvents so that the mixture of solvents formed during washing becomes to the first and second predetermined mixture ratios and the distillation is perfomed to the predetermined mixture ratios, thus avoiding the complete distillation of the pure solvents, then saving time and energy consumption and allowing a single construction of the cleaner. With the above structure, almost all materials for clothers can be cleaned by a single dry cleaner and generality of the cleaner is increased greatly as compared with the prior art. According to the present invention, it is not necessary to employ two or more conventional dry cleaners using solvents having characteristics different from each other with respect to at least the washing power and the safety in accordance with various materials, processing and forms of clothes and a single dry cleaner can treat almost all materials of clothes. Accordingly, large burden to the user, such as increase of the space and the investment amount for installation, can be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a dry cleaner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the mixture ratio of perchloroethylene and freon R113 and influence thereof to material of clothes. Fig. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing a balance of vapor and liquid upon distillation with respect to the same mixture ratio of that of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional dry cleaner ; and Figs. 5 and 6 are configuration diagrams of conventional dry cleaners using terpene. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Fig. 2 shows a relation between the aniline point and the mixture ratio of perchloroethylene and freon R113, and bad influences to materials of clothes. As apparent from Fig. 2, if about 5 vol % of perchloroethylene is mixed in pure freon R113, the safety to clothes is similar. Reversely, if about 50 vol % of freon R113 is mixed in pure perchloroethylene, cleaning can be made without reduction of the solubility and washing power. The same thing can be mentioned in view of variation of the aniline point and the characteristic of the aniline point has different tendencies depending on whether the mixture ratio is less than 50 vol % or more than 50 vol %. The aniline point of Fig. 2 is one of scales expressing the relative solubility of the solvent and shows that the solubility is larger as the temperature is lower. The aniline point is similar to KB value of Table 1. Fig. 3 is a balance diagram of vapor and liquid in the case of perchloroethylene and freon R113. For example, when the mixed liquid of freon R113 containing perchloroethylene of 40 mol % is heated and distilled, the liquid begins to be boiled at about 68°C. It is shown that the solvent containing much freon R113 having low boiling point (in this case, perchloroethylene of 10 mol % is contained) can be withdrawn when evaporated solvent gas is taken out and condensed. Accordingly, detection of the boiling point in distillation and change-over of a valve provided in a path for distillation and withdrawal can discriminate the solvents having a predetermined mixture ratio in the range in which the respective characteristics of both the solvents do not interfere with each other and the discriminated solvents can be employed again as a next washing liquid. An embodiment of the present invention is now described with reference to Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, the same elements as those of the conventional apparatuses shown in Fig. 4 (dry cleaner using solvent except terpene) and Figs. 5 and 6 are designated by the same reference numerals. Accordingly, description is mainly made to different portions from the prior arts. I. Structure a) A solvent tank 3 containing a solvent 4 of freon R113 containing perchloroethylene of about 5 vol % and a solvent tank 3a containing a solvent 4a of perchloroethylene containing freon R113 of 50 vol % are independent tanks of each other. There is no partitioning plate with overflow function as shown in Fig. 4 between both tanks 3 and 3a. The tanks 3 and 3a are provided with valves 5 and 5a, respectively. The previously mixed solvent may be contained. Actually, if pure solvents are however contained in the tanks and the apparatus is operated, both the solvents are mixed in a predetermined mixture ratio by the following fractionating operation. b) A distiller 15 contains therein a sensor 30 which detects variation of the boiling point in distillation and is operated in interlocked relationship with a valve 32. When any mixed liquid entered in the distiller 15 as an exhaust solvent is subjected to distillation, the solvent gas containing much freon R113 having low boiling point is first evaporated as shown in Fig. 3. The vapor is liquefied and cooled through a condenser 27 and a solvent cooler 31. During this operation, the boiling point is gradually increased. Thus, when the temperature for the sensor 30 is set to 70°C, the valve 32 is left open until the boiling point reaches the set value (at this time valve 32a is closed) and the solvent is returned to the solvent tank 3 through the water separator 22 and the solvent pipe 23 as freon R113 containing perchloroethylene of about 5 vol %. Thereafter, the valve 32 is left closed until the distillation is completed ( at this time, the valve 32a is opened) and the solvent is returned to the solvent tank 3a through the water separator 22a and the solvent pipe 23a as perchloroethylene containing freon R113. In order to secure the desired mixture ratio, the withdrawal path formed of the condenser 27 and the solvent cooler 31 is required to remove any stay portion of the solvent and make the path as short as possible. c) A filter 8 for perchloroethylene and a filter 8a for freon R113 are independently provided. Valves 7 and 7a are provided for the filters 8 and 8a, respectively, to prevent the solvents from being mixed during circulation thereof. d) The recovery duct 19 is disposed at the side of the processing tank 10 and is provided therein with an air cooler 17 and a preheater 18 which are connected to a refrigerator 42. during the drying, the processing drum 11 is slowly rotated and air is circulated by the fan 16 in the direction of arrow 20. The solvent gas evaporated from the clothes 2 is sent to the air cooler 17 through a lint filter 40 disposed in the button trap 12 so that the evaporated solvent gas is condensed and liquefied. Air is then reheated by the preheater 18 using the exhausted heat of the refrigerator 42 and is further heated by an auxiliary heater 41 to a predetermined temperature indicated by a thermostat 43 to dry clothes 2. When the drying is finished, the heating source is cut off to reduce the cooling temperature of the air cooler 17 and the density of solvent gas can be reduced to the utmost. Accordingly, it is not necessary to take in fresh air to remove smell as made in the conventional apparatus. Thus, the dampers 25 and 26 as shown in Fig. 4 are not provided. II. Operation a) When clothes 2 are dirty strongly, the perchloroethylene solvent 4a is pumped up through the valve 5a by the pump 6 and is fed to the processing tank 10 through the valve 7 and the filter 8 or through the valve 9 by a necessary amount. b) When clothes 2 are delicate, the solvent 4 of freon R113 is pumped up through valve 5, 7a and the filter 8a or through the valve 5 and 9. c) When the pumping of the solvent is completed, the processing drum 11 is slowly rotated and the solvent 4 or 4a is circulated through the path of the processing tank 10, the button trap 12, the valve 13, the pump 6 and the valve 7 or 7a or 9 to wash the clothes 2. d) The solvent 4 or 4a is exhausted through the valve 14 in the distiller 15. The processing drum 11 is subsequently rotated at a high speed to centrifugalize the solvent contained in clothes 2 and exhaust the solvent. When the above processes a) to d) are repeated, the solvents 4 and 4a remaining in the pump 6 and the path or contained in clothes 2 in the case both solvents are used before and behind the process are mixed to each other to a certain extent. However, the respective characteristics of both the solvents cannot interfere with each other by minimizing the mixed ratio of both solvents. e) Any mixed liquid exhausted in the distiller 15 is fractionated to a predetermined mixture ratio again by the method described in the above item b) and the fractionated solvents are returned to the solvent tank 3 and 3a, respectively. f) When the washing process is finished, clothes 2 is dried by the method described in the above item d) and all the cleaning processes are finished. The foregoing has been made to combination of two types of solvents, although three types of solvents may be treated in the same manner.

Claims: A dry cleaning method using at least two kinds of solvents which are soluble in each other in a single processing tank (10), said solvents after use being distilled in a fractionating device (15-27-22-22a) and then recovered, and in which valves are automatically switched according to the boiling point of the fractionating device (15), said method being operated with at least a mixture of solvents, characterized by the fact that said solvents are used to produce a first mixture of solvents (4) with a first predetermined mixture ratio showing high safety for clothes (2) and a second mixture (4a) of the same solvents with a second predetermined mixture ratio showing large washing power, said first mixture being received in a first tank (3) and said second mixture (4a), in a second tank (3a), both tanks (3 ; 3a) being independent of each other and said muxture of solvents (4 ; 4a) are assorted in use depending on the kind of clothes to be cleaned, the mixture ratio of said first and second mixtures of solvents in said tanks (3 ; 3a) after use being kept at said first and second predetermined mixture ratio, respectively, and to that end, said mixtures of solvents (4 ; 4a) after use are distilled in said fractionating device (15-27-22-22a) and valves (32 ; 32a) are automatically switched over by means of difference in the boiling point of said mixtures of solvents (4 ; 4a) in said fractionating device (15-27-22-22a) so that the distilled solvent at said first or second predetermined mixture ratio is returned to either of said tanks (3 ; 3a) respectively. The method according to claim 1, wherein solvents imparting a large washing power are chosen among perchloroethylene and 1,1,1-tricholoroethane, and solvents imparting high safety for clothes are chosen among tricholorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113) and terpene. The method according to claim 1 or 2, which includes the steps of detecting the change in the boiling point of a mixture of solvents after use during distillation thereof in said fractionating device (15-27-22-22a) by means of a thermosensor (30) and switching each valve (32 ; 32a) attached to a recovery path connected to each of said independent tanks (3 ; 3a) from said fractionating device (15-27-22-22a) by means of the output of said thermosensor (30). An apparatus for carrying out the process according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, comprising a single processing tank (10), two mutually independent solvent tanks (3 ; 3a), a fractionating device including a distiller (15), a condenser (27), a thermosensor (30) and a water separator (22-22a) for fractionating and withdrawing the solvents, two valves (32 ; 32a) at recovery paths connected to each of said independent tanks (3 ; 3a) from said fractionating device and two mutually independent filters (8 ; 8a) for the respective mixtures of solvents disposed vbetween the solvent tanks (3 ; 3a) and the processing tank (10) characterized in that said thermosensor (30) which switches said valves (31 ; 31a) by means of the signal produced by the differences in the boiling points of said washing solvent (4 ; 4a) in said fractionating device (15-27-22-22a) so that a distilled solvent at a first predetermined mixture ratio showing high safety for clothes or at a second predetermined ratio showing large washing power is returned to either of said tanks. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, which includes, for the drying, a recovery duct (19) disposed at the side of the processing tank (10) and provided therein with an air cooler (17) and a preheater (18) which are connected to a refrigerator (42), the solvent gas evapored from the clothes (2) being sent to the air cooler (17) through a lint filter (40) disposed in a button trap (12) so that the evaporated solvent gas is condensed and liquefied.

Inventors: HAGIWARA HARUO C O NAGOYA MACH, HAGIWARA, HARUO C/O NAGOYA MACHINERY WORKS
Applicants: MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD, MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1987
Main classification: D06F43
IPC codes: D06F43