NUMERICAL CONTROL APPARATUS

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a microprocessor (1), a memory (2), a tape reader (3), a key board (5), control units for main and X,Y,Z-axes (6-9) with drive circuits (10-13), motors (15,19-21), chucks (16,17), a work )18), position detectors (22-24), tables (26,27), a cutter (25), a drill (29) and an output unit (30). When a synchronising control instruction is given in NC data, two motors (15,16) holding the work (18) are moved synchronously so that machining can be d one by the cutter (25). When a single control instruction is given, the two motors (15,16) are moved independently so that drilling can be done by rotating the work to the opposite side.

Description: This invention relates to a machining method and apparatus for machining a bar-shaped workpiece. When a workpiece is subjected to machining, there are occasions whore plural types of processing machinery are required. For example, there are cases where a workpiece is subjected to turning work, after which the workpiece, which has been machined into a cylindrical configuration by the turning work, is cut off, followed by drilling a screw hole in the cut face. In this instance, a lathe and a drill are required. When such is the case, the conventional practice is for the operator to set the workpiece for the drill at the conclusion of the machining performed by the lathe. Thus, when a workpiece is machined using plural types of processing machinery in the prior art, the operator must set the workpiece for each type of processing machinery. The problem that results is inefficient machining. An attempt to avoid the disadvantages of using such plural types of processing machinery in the prior art is disclosed in GB-A-2159450. Here, two rotary spindles with chucks are disposed coaxially and opposite one another to hold a workpiece while it is machined by a first tool carrier. Subsequently, one of the spindles can be bodily rotated so that the same workpiece is presented to a second tool carrier 17 for further machining. The disclosure of GB-A-2159450 forms the preambles of attached claims 1 and 3, which define first and second aspects of the prevent invention. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing the contents of processing executed by a microprocessor 1. Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention, in which numeral 1 denotes a microprocessor; 2 a memory in which is stored a control program that causes the microprocessor 1 to perform a predetermined operation; 3 a tape reader; 4 a command tape on which command blocks (NC data) are recorded; 5 a keyboard; 6 a spindle controller; 7, 8 and 9 X-, Y- and Z-axis controllers, respectively; 10 - 13 drive circuits for respective axes; 14 and 15 spindle motors; 16 and 17 chucks; 18 a workpiece; 19 a motor for transporting a cutter 25 along the X axis; 20 and 21 motors for respectively transporting tables 26, 27, on which the respective spindle motors 14, 15 are mounted, in horizontal directions (the horizontal direction of the table 26 is taken as the direction along the Y axis and the horizontal direction of the table 27 is taken as the direction along the Z axis); 22 - 24 position sensors; 28 a rotary mechanism; 29 a drill; and 30 an output unit. The chuck 17 grips the workpiece 18 if a signal a outputted by the output unit 30 is "1" and releases the workpiece 18 if the signal a is "0". The rotary mechanism 28 changes the orientation of the spindle motor 14 by 180 degrees, depending upon whether a signal b outputted by the output unit 30 is "1" or "0". The state indicated by the solid lines in Figure 1 prevails when b = "1" holds, and the state indicated by the dashed lines prevails when b = "0" holds. Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the contents of processing executed by the microprocessor 1. This Figure will now be referred to in order to describe the operation of Fig. 1. The operator first mounts the workpiece 18 in the chucks 16, 17, as shown in Fig. 18, and then inputs a machining start command from the keyboard 5. When the machining start command is inputted thereto, the microprocessor 1 applies a control signal to the output unit 30, whose output signals a, b are both made "1" (step S1). Next, a flag F indicating whether synchronous running is in effect is set to "0" (step S2), after which one block of command blocks recorded on the command tape 4 is read by the tape reader 3 (step S3). In this case, it is assumed that the following command blocks (a) through (h) have been recorded on the command tape 4: S s ; ... (a) G00X x ; ... (b) M80; ... (c) G01Y y1 F f1 ; ... (d) X x1 F f1' ; ... (d)' M05; ... (e) M81; ... (f) G01Y y2 F f2 ; ... (g) M02; ... (h) The command block (a) is for commanded a rotational speed s of the spindle, the command block (b) is for commanding positioning along the X axis, the command block (c) is for commanding synchronous control of the Y and Z axes, the command block (d) is for commanding an amount of travel y1 and a traveling velocity f1 along the y axis, the command block (d)' is for commanding turning work along the X axis, the command block (e) is for commanding stopping of the spindle, the command block (f) is for commanding independent control of the Y axis, the command block (g) is for commanding an amount of travel y2 and a traveling velocity f2 along the Y axis, and M02 is a command block indicating the end of the machining program. When the microprocessor 1 reads the command block (a) (step S3) and determines that the command block (a) is that which commands the rotational speed s of the spindle (step S6), the microprocessor sets the rotational speed s in the spindle controller 6 (step S14) to rotate the spindle motors 14, 15 at the commanded rotational speed. Next, when the microprocessor 1 reads the command block (b) (step S12) and determines that the command block (b) is that which commands positioning with regard to the X axis (step S7), the microprocessor applies a numerical value indicating the amount of travel of the cutter 25 to the X-axis controller 7 (step S15) to position the cutter 25 at a prescribed position. Next, when the command block (c) is read (step S12) and it is determined that the command block (c) is that which commands synchronous control of the Y and Z axes (step S4), the microprocessor 1 sets the flag F to "1" (step S11) and then reads the command block (d) (step S12). When it is determined that the command block (d) read at step S12 is a move command regarding the Y axis (step S9), the microprocessor 1 determines whether the flag F is "1", namely whether synchronous operation is in effect (step S18). In this case, since the flag F will have been set to "1" at reading of the command block (c), the result of the decision at step S18 is YES, so that the microprocessor 1 executes the processing of step S20. Specifically, the processing executed by the microprocessor 1 at step S20 applies the amount of travel y1 and the traveling velocity f1 commanded by the command block (d) to the Y- and Z-axis controllers 8, 9, thereby moving the spindle motors 14, 15 synchronously in the horizontal direction (along the Y and Z axes) at the commanded velocity f1 and over the commanded distance y1 to subject the workpiece 18 to turning work. Thereafter, when the command block (d)' is read (step S12) and it is determined that this command block is a cutting command for the X axis (step S7), the cutter 25 is moved along the X axis at the cutting velocity f1' over the distance x1 in accordance with the command block (d)', thereby cutting off the workpiece 18. Next, when the command block (e) is read (step S12) and it is determined that this command block is that for commanding stopping of the spindle (step S3), the microprocessor 1 stops the spindle motors 14, 15 (step S16) and then applies a control signal to the output unit 30 so that the output signals a, b thereof are set to "0". As a result, the chuck 17 releases the workpiece 18 on the side of the spindle motor 15 and the rotary mechanism 28 turns the spindle motor 14 by 180 degrees (i.e. places the spindle motor 14 in the orientation indicated by the dashed lines in Fig. 2) to face the cut face of the workpiece 18 on the side of spindle motor 14 toward the drill 29. Next, when the command block (f) is read (step S12) and it is determined that this command block is that for commanding independent control of the Y axis (step S5), the microprocessor 1 sets the flag F to "0" (step S13) and then reads the next command block (g) (step S12). When it is determined that the command block (g) read at step S12 is a move command for the Y axis (step S9), the microprocessor 1 determines whether the flag F is "1" (step S18). In this case, since the flag F will have been set to "0" at reading of the command block (f), the result of the decision at step S18 is NO, so that the microprocessor 1 executes the processing of step S19. The processing executed by the microprocessor 1 at step S19 applies the amount of travel y2 and the traveling velocity f2 commanded by the command block (g) to the Y-axis controller 8, thereby moving only the spindle motor 14 along the Y axis at the commanded velocity f2 and over the commanded distance y2 to drill a screw hole in the cut end face of the workpiece 18 by the drill 29. Next, when the command block (h) is read (step S12) and it is determined this command block is that which indicates the end of the machining program (step S10), the microprocessor 1 ends processing. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, the machining performed by the cutter 25 and the machining performed by the drill 29 can be performed continuously. As a result, the efficiency of the operation can be raised in comparison with the prior-art example mentioned above. Though the above-described embodiment relates to a case where the present invention is applied to an apparatus having a lathe and a drill in combination, the invention is not limited to this embodiment. Further, though the case described above is one in which a slender, elongated workpiece is cut off and the cut end face thereof is drilled, it is not always necessary to cut off the workpiece, for the invention can be applied to a case where the end face of the workpiece being gripped by the chuck 17 is subjected to drilling after the turning work. In accordance with the invention as described above, first and second axes are controlled synchronously in accordance with numerical information regarding the first axis by applying a synchronous control command (M80 in the embodiment), and the first and second axes are controlled in accordance with numerical information regarding each of the first and second axes by applying an independent control command (M81 in the embodiment). Therefore, if the present invention is applied to an apparatus of the kind illustrated in the embodiment, the efficiency of the operation can be raised in comparison with the prior art.

Claims: A method of machining a bar-shaped workpiece (18), comprising: gripping both ends of the bar-shaped workpiece (18) by gripping members (16,17); rotating the gripping members (16,17) synchronously by respective spindle motors (14,15) thereby to rotate the workpiece (18); subjecting the rotating workpiece (18) to machining by a cutter (25); bodily turning the first spindle motor (14) by a predetermined angle by a rotary mechanism (28) thereby to face the workpiece (18) towards another tool (29); and subjecting the workpiece (18) to machining by this other tool (29); the method being characterised by: executing machining by the cutter (25) under numerical control from a microprocessor (1) by establishing a synchronous running mode in response to a synchronous control command, thereby synchronously controlling a first axis (Y-axis) along which the first spindle motor (14) is moved in the horizontal direction, and a second axis (Z-axis) along which the second spindle motor (15) is moved in the horizontal direction in accordance with numerical information regarding said first axis, thereby to move the rotating workpiece (18) relative to the cutter (25) in the horizontal direction and subject the workpiece (18) to turning machining; and executing machining by the other tool (29) by establishing an independent running mode in response to an independent control command, and controlling said first axis in accordance with numerical information thereby to move the workpiece (18) relative to said other tool (29) in the horizontal direction and subject the workpiece (18) to machining thereby. A method according to claim 1, further comprising cutting off the workpiece (18) by moving the cutter (25) in the transverse direction of the workpiece (18) after said turning machining. A machining apparatus for machining a bar-shaped workpiece (18), comprising: gripping members (16,17) for gripping both ends of the bar-shaped workpiece (18); respective spindle motors (14,15) for rotating the gripping members (16,17) synchronously thereby to rotate the workpiece (18); a cutter (25) for subjecting the rotating workpiece (18) to machining and; a rotary mechanism (28) for bodily turning the first spindle motor (14) by a predetermined angle thereby to face the workpiece (18) towards another tool (29) of the machining apparatus to enable this other tool (29) to subject the workpiece (18) to machining; the machining apparatus being characterised in that it is operable under numerical control from a microprocessor (1): to execute machining by the cutter (25) by establishing a synchronous running mode in response to a synchronous control command, thereby synchronously to control a first axis (Y-axis) along which the first spindle motor (14) is moved in the horizontal direction, and a second axis (Z-axis) along which the second spindle motor (15) is moved in the horizontal direction in accordance with numerical information regarding said first axis, thereby to move the workpiece (18) relative to the cutter (25) in the horizontal direction and subject the rotating workpiece (18) to turning machining; and to execute machining by the other tool (29) by establishing an independent running mode in response to an independent control command, and to control said first axis in accordance with numerical information thereby to move the workpiece (18) relative to said other tool (29) in the horizontal direction and subject the workpiece (18) to machining thereby. A machining apparatus according to claim 3, which is further operable to cut off the workpiece (18) by moving the cutter (25) in the transverse direction of the workpiece (18) after said turning machining.

Inventors: KAWAMURA, HIDEAKI, SASAKI, TAKAO
Applicants: FANUC LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G05B19
IPC codes: G05B19