OFFSHORE PIPELAYING

Abstract: Apparatus for laying a pipeline comprises a reel (12) on which pipeline is wound, a tensioner (20) and a curvature reducing device (15) between the reel (12) and tensioner (20). The curvature reducing device (15) comprises a roller (16) which can be raised or lowered to compensate for variations in the height of the point of discharge of pipeline from the reel (12). The roller (16) is also shiftable laterally relative to the direction of movement of the pipeline.

Description: This invention relates to the laying of pipelines. In particular it relates to the laying of subsea pipelines. Conventionally subsea pipelines are laid from the deck of a vessel. The deck usually carries a reel on which the pipeline is wound and some means for counter­ acting the curvature of the pipeline which results from its being wound on the reel. Conventional arrangements for reducing the pipeline curvature have included diverter shoes, straightening shoes and guiding shoes which may or may not be used with a tensioner for controlling the tension in the pipe as it is fed into the sea. Such arrangements have used a relatively large number of elements. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for use in laying a subsea pipeline which is relatively simple in construction. According to the present invention there is provided apparatus for use in laying pipelines which comprises a reel on which is wound a pipeline, tensioning means arranged to be disposed downstream from said reel and a device for reducing or counter­ acting the curvature of the pipeline resulting from its being wound on said reel, said device being locatable between the reel and the tensioning means and said device including a roller which is mounted so that in use the pipeline passes over the roller as it travels from the reel to the said tensioning means and is subject to reverse bending about said roller, said roller being movable in a direction transverse to its axis so that it can be positioned appropriately relative to the discharge point of the pipeline from said reel. In use the apparatus will be positioned on the deck or a platform of a vessel with the reel, curvature reducing device, and tensioner spaced axially along the vessel. Preferably the axis of the reel is horizontal and parallel to the axis of the roller. The reel is preferably arranged so that the pipe is discharged from the bottom of the reel. To increase the range of pipe sizes, wall thicknesses, and steel yield strength that can be utilised with the method, the reel can be arranged so as to discharge pipe from the top of the reel, the reverse bending movement being applied by passing the pipe across the bottom of the roller and thence to the tensioner. The tensioner can be a conventional tensioning means. The roller can be movable from one position to another by hydraulic means. The invention will be described now by way of example only with particular reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Figure l shows a pipeline laying apparatus in accordance with the present invention positioned on the deck of a vessel. Figure la is a schematic plan view of the arrangement shown in Figure l, and Figure 2 is a perspective view of the part of apparatus of Figure l. Figure l shows a vessel l0 which carries the pipeline laying apparatus ll. The apparatus includes a reel l2 on which is wound the pipeline l4. The reel is mounted with its axis horizontal and so that pipe­ line is discharged from the reel at a lower part thereof. Positioned downstream from the reel is a curvature reducing device l5. This device includes a roller l6 which is mounted between two straight upright posts l7. The position of the roller l6 can be adjusted vertically relative to the posts l7 by hydraulic operation. The position of roller l6 can also be adjusted axially. Positioned downstream from the curvature reducing device l5 is a tensioner 20. The tensioner is disposed near the point where pipeline is arranged to issue from the vessel into the sea. This tensioner can be a commercially available device and is located in a stationary position centred on the longitudinal axis of the apparatus. The pipe tensioner is arranged to provide a controllable variable value pull on the pipeline so as to ensure that during operation of the apparatus the pipe straightening function is conducted at a controlled tension value. The pipe tensioner can be operated independently. However the usual mode of operation will be linked to that of the reel l2 so that a) the required constant tension value for the pipeline straightening function is maintained, and b) the pipe straightening function is isolated from the effect of waves or swells. In use pipeline to be laid on the sea bed is unwound from the reel l2 and passes over the roller l6. The tensioner operates to maintain a constant tension in the pipeline so that it is subjected to reverse bending as it passes over the roller l6 the effect of which is to eliminate or considerably reduce the curvature of the pipeline which results from its having been wound on the reel l2. It will be seen from the drawing that when the reel is full the roller l6 is located in position A. As the pipeline is unwound the discharge point on the reel varies and the roller l6 is gradually moved by its hydraulic control from the position A towards the position B. This ensures that the roller can function correctly to carry out its curvature reducing operation. Referring now to figure 2 the curvature reducing device l5 comprises a rectangular steel base frame 30 which is welded to the deck of the vessel l0. The steel base 30 comprises a pair of spaced relatively long limbs 3l,32 and a pair of spaced relatively short limbs 33,34. The roller l6 is rotatably mounted in supports on the end of four pistons which project from hydraulic cylinders 36. The hydraulic cylinders 36 are mounted upon a carriage 37 the carriage having wheels 38 which can run along rails defined on the interior surface of each of the limbs 3l and 32. The carriage 37, and hence the roller l6 can moved longitudinally along the limbs 3l and 32 and drive for this movement is provided by a motor 40 carried by the limb 34. It will be appreciated that the raising and lowering of the roller l6 is carried out by operating the hydraulic cylinders 36. Preferably this operation is carried out under the control of a central control unit which also controls the motor 40. The motor 40 is operated to move the roller l6 in an axial direction so that the roller is aligned with the axial discharge point of the pipeline from the the reel l2. It will be seen from figure la that the axial position on the reel from which the pipeline leaves the reel can vary and the motor 40 is operated to ensure that the roller l6 is at the correct position to receive the pipeline.

Claims: 1. Apparatus for use in laying pipelines which comprises a reel (l2) on which is wound a pipeline (l4), tensioning means (20) arranged to be disposed downstream from said reel and a device (l5) for reducing or counteracting the curvature of the pipeline resulting from its being wound on said reel, characterised in that said device (l5) is locatable between the reel (l2) and the tensioning means (20) and in that said device includes a roller (l6) which is mounted so that in use the pipeline passes over the roller as it travels from the reel to the said tensioning means and is subject to reverse bending about said roller, said roller being movable in a direction transverse to its axis so that it can be positioned appropriately relative to the discharge point of the pipeline from said reel. 2. Apparatus according to claim l characterised in that the axis of the reel (l2) is horizontal and parallel to the axis of the roller (l6). 3. Apparatus according to claim 2 characterised in that the reel (l2) is arranged so that the pipe (l4) is discharged from the bottom of the reel (l2). 4. Apparatus according to claim 2 characterised in that the reel (l2) is arranged so that pipe (l4) is discharged from the top of the reel. 5. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the roller (l6) is movable from one position to another by hydraulic means. 6. Apparatus according to any preceding claim characterised in that the roller (l6) is movable laterally with respect to the direction of movement of the pipeline (l4). 7. Apparatus according to claim 6 characterised in that the roller (l6) can be raised or lowered by hydraulically operable means. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7 characterised in that the roller (l6) is carried by a carriage (37) which is movably mounted in a frame (30). 9. A method of laying a subsea pipeline substantially as hereinbefore described.

Inventors: TESSON, PROSPER ANTHONY
Applicants: AQUATIC ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION LTD.
Application year: 1987
Main classification: F16L1
IPC codes: F16L1