A DEVICE FOR CRUSHING STRUCTURES

Abstract: A device for crushing structures, which consists of crushing pincers (1), in which there are two arms (2) with jaws (3) joined to an intermediate member (6) and a hydraulic cylinder (5) operating the arms (2) to press the jaws (3) together, a jointed jib (10) to move the crushing pincers (1) to the place of work, which jib (10) includes a support leg (11) jointed around the vertical axis of the base (12) and at least two sequentially jointed jib sections (15, 16) jointed to this, at the end of which is the pincer (1) positioning mechanism (8) connected to the intermediate member (6), and which device includes a hydraulic operating system for the operating devices of the pincers (1), positioning mechanism (8), and jib (10). By means of the invention an attempt is made to create a light, efficient, and simple pincer crushing device, which can also be used in restricted spaces indoors. In accordance with the invention the positioning device (8) of the pincers (1) include two sequentially jointed or connected turning devices (13, 14) to turn the crushing pincers (1) around two spatial axes, and the arms (2) include teeth (4) arranged to fit each other or other synchronization devices, which keep the angles of the arms equal in relation to the intermediate member (6), and the operating system permits the jaws (2) of the pincers (1) to take up a position essentially freely from an angled position to one directly against the compression.

Description: A Device for crushing Structures The object of the invention is a device for crushing structures, which consists of crushing pincers, in which there are two arms with jaws, jointed to an intermediate member, and a hydraulic cylinder operating the arms to press the jaws together, an articulated jib for moving the crushing jaws to the place of operation, which jib consists of a support leg jointed to swivel around the vertical axis of the base and at least two sequentially jointed jib sections attached to this, and at the end of which a pincer positioning device connected to the intermediate member is attached, and which device includes a hydraulic system for operating " the pincers, the positioning device, and for the jib. At the present time the demolition of concrete and brick structures indoors takes place princiaplly in two ways. Pneumatically operated percussion hammers and diamond sawing devices are in use. Using a per¬ cussion hammer a hard structure is broken into small pieces, usually with a workman handling the heavy tool using only muscle power. The method is difficult and creates an enormous amount of noise and a dust problem. A percussion hammer demands great power and a complicated ope- rating apparatus. The steel in structures is cut separately using a suitable method. Diamond sawing is also noisy and dusty. In.addition the water required for cooling the blade makes a mess indoors. The blade costs of the method are high and the power requirement is great so that there is a problem of obtaining sufficient electrical power in old and small buildings. The greatest defects of the present techniques are undoubtedly noise, dust, vibration, and high cost, as well as a great power requirement. To some extent manually-operated jaws that are the basis of this invention have been in use up until now. These are formed of two arms, which are jointed to one another, and which employ a hydraulic cylinder. Because the jaws weigh about 80 kg their use is extremely difficult. Often their use is even impossible on account of a hopeless working posi¬ tion or of the danger caused by the collapse of the structure being demolished. Large jaw crushing machines are known from patent and patent applica¬ tion publications JP 58-14909, DE 3,342,305 (= US 4,512,524), GB 2,024,042, SE 405,032, and US 4,196,862. In these the crushing jaws are located at 2 the end of a jib. A common feature of the devices presented is that they demand a heavy base vehicle. Concrete crushing typically requires a force of 50 - 100 tn (500- 1000kN) independent of the size of the jaws. In addi¬ tion a practical distance between the jaws is always at least 20 cm so that the pincers cannot be made smaller and lighte without limit. Except in the device shown in the DE publication 3,342,305 the pincer is not free to take a position directly opposed to the compressive counter-force so that immense forces are -transmitted to the jib structure. Because of this large base vehicles with heavy jibs are required. For example in a device in accordance with US publication 4,196,862 the pins carrying the pincer section are subject to a large torque loading. In the device in accordance with DE publication 3,342,305, there is a turning ring, which permits the pincer to turn to a position determined by the compressive counter-force. The structure of the pincer has, however, been made very sturdy, because two compression cylinders are used to synchronize the arms. The whole frame section that carries the pincers must then be made strong and thus also heavy. In this case the pincer necessarily requires a heavy base vehicle and jib. By means of the inven¬ tion an attempt is made to create a light, ^efficient, and simple pincer crushing device, which can also be used in confined spaces indoors. The principal characteristics of the invnetion are presented in the accom¬ panying Patent Claim 1. The basic idea of the invention is that in order to achieve a really practical and light device what is required is both a versatile positioning mechanism to turn the pincers to the required working position and synchronization devices for the arms. Without syn¬ chronization the arms will slip to an angle, which makes crushing impos¬ sible. The synchronization of the arms makes their movements stable and prevents sudden slipping. It is also essential that the operating system, which is generally hydraulic, allows the pincers to move into a position in accordance with the counter-force. The invention makes possible a j i? crusher attached to a jib, in which the ratio of the compressive force to the weight of the device is 200:1, that' is e.g. 42tn:0,21tn. Even when placed on a light vehicle a ratio of 50:1 can be achieved, e.g. 80 tn: 1,5 tn. In known devices the ratio is typically 100tn: 30tn or 3 1« Patent Claims 2 and 3 show two advantageous adaptions, in which the positioning mechanism is made short and small. The hydraulics of the former can be made much more effective by the means presented in Claims 6 and 7, when a high-pressure oil feed is provided by means of short hoses and a pressure booster by-pass allows the speed of the movement of the jaws to be increased. The joint support that turns to the side in accordance with Patent Claim 4 is extremely important when working in narrow passages. With the aid of this device it is possible to work in a passage that is about as wide as the positioning mechanism is long. Without this support the mini¬ mum width is the everall length of the jib and positioning mechanism. It is not even easy to notice the problem of working in a narrow passage, because in practice the jib is first straightened in the direction of the passage, in which case the apparatus as such will fit into the passage, but working. ,with it is then extremely difficult. With the aid of the joint supprt it is not necessary to discard the main principle of the device even in difficult conditions when the task of the positioning me¬ chanism is only to turn the pincer to the required position, and the task of the jib is only to move the pincers over a larger working area. As a result of the vertical or vault support presented in Claim 8 it is possible to provide even a light base with stable support. The other:, special forms of application of the invention are apparent in connection with the examples presented later. In what follows the invention is illustrated by reference to the accom¬ panying figures, which present various forms of application of the inven¬ tion. Figure 1 shows a general picture of the crushing device Figure 2 shows the positioning device in detail Figure 3 shows the attachment of the pincers to the positioning device Figure 4 shows the synchronization between the arms of the jaws Figure 5 shows the positioning device turned to the side Figure 6 shows the use of the crushing device in connection with a vehicle Figure 7 shows a positioning device equipped with a pressure booster Figure 8 shows the hydraulics diagram of the pressure booster Figure 9 shows another positioning device model The crushing device in Figure 1 has a total weight of 300 kg, of which the weight of the pincers is about 100 kg. At a maximum pressure of 73MPa the greatest force of the crushing cylinder is 570 kN (57tonnes). As a result of the quick-connectors the device can be rapidly dismantled into three parts, when it can be carried by manpower into tight or difficult places. The basic components of the crushing device are the pincers, the posi¬ tioning device 8 that carries them, the jib 10, and the base 12. Indoors the base 12 can be supported with the vertical support 23., in which case the support area can be reduced to a minimum. In particular the leg on the opposite side to the vertical support 23 can be removed almost en¬ tirely. The jib 10 is supported from the base 12 by means of the jointed turning support leg 11 and it consists of two sequentially jointed jib sections 15 and 16. The jib 10 is turned by hand, but the movement of the jib sections 15 and 16 takes place by means of hydraulic cylinders 17 and 18. The positioning mechanism 8 is attached to the jib section 16 by means of the joint support 9, which consists of the joints 20 and 19. By means of those the positioning mechanism 8 can by turned in order both downwards and to the side. Both joints 20 and 19 are locked in the desired position by means of components 21 and 22. Figure 1 does not show the hydraulic hoses which, are advantageously threaded to run down the inside of the jib. The equipment naturally includes control and power devices for the opera¬ tion of the various hydraulic devices. The positioning mechanism 8 consists of a hydraulic motor 13 and a support arm 2 turned by it and the first turning device 14- The pincers are formed by two arms 2 with jaws 3, jointed to an intermediate member 6. At the ' other end of the arms is a powerful cylinder 5 for their opera¬ tion. In practice it has been extremely important that the hydraulic motor 13 turns in a full circle without limit, because the dead area of a motor that is limited in turning always demands now and then that the entire device be moved from its location to another place. In Figures 2 and 5 the positioning mechanism is turned to the side. In Figure 2 the first turning device is seen in detail. It is formed of a jointed pair of arms 26 operated by cylinder 25- One of them is jointed to support arm 24 and the other to a pin welded to the intermediate member 6. This arrangement achieves a turning area of 120°. The pressure oil feed of both cylinders after the hydraulic motor 13, the power cylinder 5 belonging to the pincers, and cylinder 25 of the first turning device 14 takes place through the axle of motor 13 using a technique that is in itself known. The crushing jaw 3, which is made to be quickly changed, has been removed from one of the arms 2 in Figure 3« The synchronizationforming a part of arm 2 of the pincers in Figure 4 is the form of realization that has been found most advantageous. In the figure only the arms 2 are shown attached at a distancecto one another determined by the intermediate member 6. The teeth 4 of a part of a tooth ed ring are formed on arms 2. These keep the turning of the arms 2 always as great in relation to the intermediate member 6, of which only the joint axles 7 can be seen in the illustration. The form of locking of the joint support 9 when turned to the side is seen in Figure 5 * The positioning mechanism 8 is turned to the side around joint 19. Locking takes place by placing spacer plate 27, which corres¬ ponds to the degree of turning desired, between the locking lugs 22. Figure 6 shows another of the advantageous forms of application of the invention, in which the positioning device with the pincers in accordance with Figure 7 is placed on a hydraulic trolley weighing 1200kg (BROKK 80 - Atlas Copco TM) . This is equipped with a three-part jib and in particu¬ lar is further equipped with a side-turning joint by which the positioning mechanism^ 8 is attached to it. This makes possible operation in extremely narrow passages, of which the basic machine itself is not even capable. Positioning mechnanism 8 with its pincers can, by means of simple arrangements, be connected to multifarious self-propelled implements, which are equipped with jibs. Machines of this kind are, among others, excavating machines and percussion hammer machines. In this case the jib can be made sturdy and a pressure booster can be installed in connection with the positioning mechanism in accordance with Figure 7. Even then the positioning mechanism need not necessarily weigh more than 300 kg, even though the gap between the jaws is 50 cm and the maximum power of the large hydraulic cylinder is 100 tn (lOOOkN). The pressure booster may be of some known type, for example a device in TM accordance with DE publication 3033739 or FLUID CONTROLS 's device. The exchange valve 30, Figure 8, always belongs with the pressure booster 29. When this is located on the support arm after the rotor 13, the oil fed through the axle of rotor 13 need be at only normal working pressure (c. lόObar). Only a short length of high-pressure oil line (700...1500ba is required from the pressure booster 29 to the compression-side connec- tion 27 of cylinder 5« In order to make transfer movements easier before compression cylinder 5's feed bypasses pressure booster 29- This takes place by means of pres¬ sure limit valve 32, which begins to feed pressure booster 29 through the pressure and quantity adjustment valve 31 only after the pressure has risen to nearly the nominal working pressure, i.e. c. 150 bar. Because of the pressure and quantity adjustment valve 31 the device can be connected to base machines working at different pressures, because the operation of pressure booster 29 is thus stabilized. The return oil from pressure booster 29 must be led through the counter valve 35 to the return side 28 line. The opening movement is carried out by directing the pressure oil feed to the return side 28 line by means of the electrically controlled direction valve 34, when the pressure con¬ trolled countervalve 33 opens and allows the return oil out of the com¬ pression side. In accordance with what is stated above pump 36 can be ready in the base vehicle and all normal excess pressure limiting devices belong with it. Normal protection devices also beolong with the circuits of the other hydraulic devices. The cylinders are protected in a known manner against external forces by pressure limit valves. In practice these thus achieve the free positioning of the pincers in accordance with the com¬ pressive counter-forces. A crushing device in accordance with the invention can be realized in many different ways within the framework of the idea of the invention. In particular the two turning devices of the positioning mechanism can be realized in numerous different ways. In Figure 9 still one more type is shown. In Figure 9 the arms of the pincers are not shown. They should be attached with the aid of joint axles 7 to the intermediate member 6. The positioning device of Figure 9 is attached to a side-turning joint support at the end of. the jib. The support arm 37 is carried by the fork support 38 of joint 44, in which there is the support bearing 39 of the axle carrying the intermediate member 6. The hydraulic motor 40 that turns the intermediate member is also attached to the fork support 38. The turning of the fork support 38 itself is carried out by means of hydraulic cylinder 43, which uses the pair of arms 41 and 42 that are jointed to it. Motor 40 can be permanently attached to the support arm 37, if it is connected to intermediate member 6 with the aid of a uni¬ versal joint or similar.

Claims: Patent Claims 1. A device for crushing structures, which consists of crushing pincers (1), in which there are two jointed arms (2) with jaws (3) jointed to an intermediate member (6) and a hydraulic cylinder (5) operating the arms (2) to press the jaws C3) together, a jointed jib (10) to move the crushing pincers (l) to the place of work, which jib (10) includes a support leg (11) jointed around the vertical axis of the base (12) and at least two sequentially jointed jib sections (15, 16) jointed to this at the end of which there is a positioning me¬ chanism (8) for the pincers- (1) connected to the intermediate member (6), and which device includes a hydraulic operating system for the operating devices of the positioning mechanism (8) and the jib (10), characteriz ed in that the positioning device (8) of the pin¬ cers (l) includes two sequentially jointed or combined turning devices (13, 14) to turn the pincers (l) around two spatial axes, and that the arms (2) include teeth (4) arranged together or other synchronization members, which keep the angles of the arms equal in relation to the intermediate member (6), and that the operating system permits the jaws (2) of the pincers (1) to take up a position essentailly freely from an angled position directly against the compression. 2. A crushing device in accordance with Patent Claim 1, characterized in that, that the first turning device (14) of the positioning mechanism (8) is adapted to turn the intermediate member (6) together with the joints (7) of the arms (2) round an axle in the same direction, which is held in bearings at the end of the support arm (24) at right angles in relation to this and that the se- cond turning device (13) is formed by a motor (13) that turns this support arm (24) around its length, and that the hydraulic connections both to the compression cylinder and to the operating device of the first turning device (14), for example to the hydraulic cylinder (25) are led through the axle of the aforesaid motor (13). 3. A crushing device in accordance with Patent Claim 1, c ha r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t, the positioning mechanism includes a ball joint or two closely cross-connected joints (39, 44) that support the intermediate member (6). - A crushing device in accordance with Patent Claims 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, the positioning mechanism (8) is attached to the end of the jib (16) by means of a joint support (9), which permits the positioning mechanism (9) to be directed sidewards- from the jib (16). 5- A crushing device in accordance with Patent Claim 4, characteriz ed in that, the joint support (9) is formed of two pairs of joints (19, 20), the axes of which are placed at right-angles to one another and of which the first joint (20) is pre-setiin relation to the jib (16) and the second (19) in relation to the first joint (20) and the joint support (9) includes devices (21, 22) to lock the pre- ■ • setting. 6. A crushing device in accordance with Patent Claim 2, characteriz ed in that, the hydraulic operating system includes a pressure booster (29) that provides .high pressure for the compression cylinder (5), and which is located on the support arm (24). 7. A crushing device in accordance with Patent Claim 6, characteriz ed in that, the hydraulic operating system includes a pressure limit valve (32) and quantity control valve (32) located before the pressure booster (29), which pressure limit valve (32) is adapted to feed pressure oil to the compression cylinder (5) until the oil pressure rises above a pre-set value, when it begins to feed the pressure booster (29) through the quantity, control valve (31), which if necessary limits the pressure booster (29) feed pressure. 8. A crushing device in accordance with one of the above Patent Claims 1 -7, characteriz ed in that, the base (12) includes a vertical support (23), by which the edge of the base (12) is supported from a ceiling or other structure overhead. 9. A crushing device in accordance with one of the above Patent Claims 1 - 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n t h a t, a vehicle forms the base .

Inventors: IMPOLA VEIKKO YRJOE JOHANNES, KORHONEN MARKKU TAPANI, IMPOLA, VEIKKO, YRJOE, JOHANNES, KORHONEN, MARKKU, TAPANI
Applicants: IMPOLA VEIKKO YRJOE JOHANNES, KORHONEN MARKKU TAPANI, IMPOLA, VEIKKO, YRJOE, JOHANNES, KORHONEN, MARKKU, TAPANI
Application year: 1987
Main classification: E04G23
IPC codes: B02C1, E04G23