DEVICE FOR VARYING ENGINE VALVE TIMING

Abstract: A device for angularly displacing a camshaft (13) relative to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine to vary engine valve timing. The device comprises a hub (17) fixed to the camshaft (13), an annular means (23) threadedly engaged with the hub (17) or with an advancing member (24) mounted on the outer surface of the annular means. Angled lugs (32) formed on a drive member coact with angled slots (35) formed on the outer periphery of the advancing member. The amount of angular displacement of the drive member (15) relative to the hub (17) and camshaft (13) is directly proportional to the axial displacement of the advancing member (24) which in turn is moved axially as the annular means (23) is moved axially along the threads (21, 22) on the hub or on the advancing member. The latter movement is effected by applying a retarding or braking torque to the annular means via the retarder means (36).

Description: This invention relates to a device for varying the angular displacement of a camshaft relative to the crankshaft of an internal combustion (IC) engine to vary engine valve timing. More particularly, the invention relates to such a device which is infinitely variable between limits and enables angular displacement of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft to any predetermined number of degrees within the operating range. In general, the camshafts of IC engines are coupled to the crankshaft by a toothed belt or a chain and thus driven syncronously with the crankshaft. As a result the valve opening and closing phases as well as the overlap angle are constant. As is known, the optimum timing of these phases changes depending on engine speed, load, torque, etc. U. S. Patent No. 3,626,720 Meachems et al. discloses a mechanism including a helical ball spline for varying the phase relationship between a camshaft and crankshaft which is controlled by a piston valve. U. S. Patent No. 4,302,985 Natkin discloses a similar mechanism including a helical groove and tracking post for varying the phase relationship controlled by a spring. U. S. Patent No. 4,305,352 Oshima, et al. shows a camshaft control including a plantary gear train controlled by a worm gear and U. S. Patent 4,481,912 discloses a similar mechanism having helical guides controlled by external electric motors. U. S. Patent 4,535,731 Banfi discloses a device for varying camshaft timing hydraulically actuated and controlled by a slide valve actuated by an electromagnet. These known devices controlled by external motors or by piston or slide valves are not suitable because of their control limitations or because of their bulk and arrangement of parts. An object of this invention is an improved engine valve timing device mounted on the end of an engine camshaft which is infinitely variable, is compact and fits within the space limitation of the engine compartments of modern cars particularly transverse mounted engines. Another object of this invention is an improved infinitely variable valve timing device which precisely adjusts the valve timing by adjusting the angular displacement of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft of an IC engine by a predetermined number of degrees in which an angular adjustment is initiated by actuating a non-rotatable retarder to apply a retarding torque to the advancing mechanism. Said objects are attained by a device according to claim 1 or 2. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal cross sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention with parts broken away and in cross section. Figs. 2, 2a and 2b are plan views respectively of the advancing member, hub and sprocket member. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of another embodiment of the invention. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an electrical control circuit which may be incorporated into the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side view with parts broken away and in cross section of the advancing member, hub and sprocket member. Fig. 6 and 7 disclose additional embodiments of the present invention. In Fig. 1, a fragment of the cylinder head (10) of an internal combustion (IC) engine is shown. The cylinder head (10) includes bearings (11) which support journals (12) of the camshaft (13). The camshaft (13) is provided with cams (14) which actuate intake or exhaust valves through which fuel and air access the engine cylinders and exhaust gases egress. Camshaft (13) is driven synchronously with the crankshaft via a cogged belt or chain in driving relationship with a sprocket member (15) attached to the end of the camshaft. In accordance with this invention, the valve timing device (16) has a hub (17) suitably attached to the end (18) of camshaft (13) by a fastener (19) threaded into a hole machined into the end of the camshaft (13), so that the hub (17) is fixed to and rotates with the camshaft (13). A cylindrical portion (20) of the hub (17) is provided with a coarse male thread (21) having a pitch of approximately one half inch. The thread (21) meshes with an threadedly engaged by a corresponding female thread (22) provided on the ID of an annular advancing ring (23). Thus, relative rotation between the hub (17) and the ring (23) of one revolution causes the ring (23) to move axially on the hub approximately one half inch. An annular advancing member (24) is rotatably mounted on the outer surface (25) of the advancing ring (23) on a suitable bearing to permit relative rotation but no axial movement between the ring (23) and the annular advancing member (24). As shown in Fig. 2, the annular advancing member (24) is provided with a plurality of straight axially extending slots (26) at its outer periphery which coact with straight axially extending lugs (27) formed on the radially inner surface (28) of the flange (29) which extend axially from the radial portion (30) of the hub. Coaction of the lugs (27) with the slots (26) prevents the annular advancing member (24) from rotating relative to the hub (17), but permits axial movement relative to the hub (17). The drive or sprocket member (15) is mounted on a suitable bearing (31) formed between the sprocket and the flange (29) so that the sprocket member (15) may rotate relative to the hub member (17). The drive member (15) is provided with lugs (32) having side walls (33) extending axially at an angle and equally spaced on the radial inner wall (34) of the sprocket member (15). The angled side walls (33) of lugs (32) coact with corresponding angled slots (35) formed in the outer periphery of the advancing member (24). Slots (35) are equally spaced apart and are offset peripherially of the straight slots (26) in the advancing member (24). Thus, as the annual advancing member (24) is moved axially, the angled slots (35) thereof coact with the angled lugs (32) of the sprocket member (15) causing the sprocket member (15) to rotate relative to the hub (17). From the foregoing, it is seen that the amount of angular displacement of the sprocket member (15) relative to the hub (17) and camshaft (13) is directly proportional to the axial displacement of the advancing member (24) which in turn is moved axially as the advancing ring (23) is moved axially along the threads (21) and (22). The latter movement is effected by applying a retarding or braking torque to the advancing ring (23). When the engine is operating, the advancing ring (23) rotates with the hub (15) and crankshaft (13) as a unit. By applying a retarding force to the ring (23), the rotation of the ring is slowed or retarded slightly so that the slightly faster rotation of the hub causes the ring to move along the threads (21) and (22). The retarding or braking torque is applied to the ring (23) by an annular retarder (36) mounted on the cylindrical portion (20) of the hub (17) adjacent to the ring (23). The retarder (36) has annular angled working surfaces (37) which extend into but in spaced relationship with angled annular working surfaces (38) formed in the advancing ring (23). The retarder (36) is preferably provided with a flexible radially extending tab member (39) suitably secured to the head (10). The tab member (39) is flexible and thus permits limited axially movement of the retarder (36), but prevents the retarder (36) from rotating. The retarder (36) may be actuated mechanically, hydraulically or electrically to move axially and cause the surfaces (37 and 38) to frictionally engage or to move close enough together to cause a viscous shear of the engine oil pumped by the oil pump from the cam journal (12) to the angled surfaces (37 and 38). Preferably, the retarder is actuated electrically by a coil (40) which when energized acts as an electromagnet that is attracted by magnetic forces toward the advancing ring (23) to lessen the clearance or distance between the surfaces (37 and 38) and increase the viscous shear of oil between those surfaces and thus applies a retarding torque to the ring (23). Electric wires (41) are embedded or fixed to the tab member (39) and connected to coil (40). The wires (41) are coextensive with the tab (39) and extend through the chain cover (42) to a controller, not shown, through which an electric current passes to energize the coil (40). Instead of relying on viscous shear of oil existing between the surfaces (37 and 38), the retarding torque may be applied to the ring (23) via mechanical friction. For example, one of the working surfaces (37 or 38) may be provided with a layer of friction brake material and the retarder mechanically moved axially so that the surfaces (37 and 38) engage to produce a retarding torque and thereby retard the rotation of the ring (23) relative to the hub (17) and cause the ring (23) to move axially along the threads (21). Furthermore, instead of relying on magnetic forces of the coil (40) to move the retarder (37) toward ring surfaces (38), a yoke (43), or other linkage, may be connected to the retarder (36) and actuated by suitable means located externally of the cover (42), as shown in Fig. 3. The yoke (43) may be pivoted at (44) with the yoke arm (45) extending radially from the pivot (44). A suitable hydraulic, or mechanical actuator (46), located externally of the cover (42), may be used to actuate a link (47) connected to the arm (45) which extends through the cover (42) to the actuator (46). A reversing spring (48) has one end fixed to the chain sprocket (15) and the other end fixed to the hub (17) to return the sprocket (15). The spring (48) thus applies a torque to the chain sprocket (15) opposite in direction to the torque applied by the retarder (36) but of a magnitude less than the retarding torque. The reversing spring (48) functions to return the retarder (36) and the sprocket (15) to a zero advance or a null position. A block diagram of a closed feedback loop control circuit is shown in Fig. 4 for controlling the energization of the retarder coil (40) to effect the desired amount of advance or angular position of the sprocket member (15) relative to the camshaft (13). A first electromagnetic sensor (49) is mounted on the non-rotating advancing ring (23) in a position to detect a bump or other physical discontinuity on the advancing ring (23). As previously stated, the advancing ring (23) rotates approximately 3/4 of a turn in moving from zero advance to full advance, thus causing about 270 degrees of phase shift in the signal A generated by the sensor (49). A second electromagnetic sensor (50) is mounted on the chain cover 42), or other location, in a position to detect a bump or other physical discontinuity on the hub (17) and generates a signal B. The signals A & B from sensors (49) and (50) are fed to a R-S flip-flop device (52) generating an output signal C which is fed to a comparator (53), together with a signal D, representing the desired advance signal, generated by the engine computer (54). The comparator (53) generates an error signal E which is fed to filter (55) and filtered to d.c., fed to PID controller (56) and hence to a converter (57). The output signal of the converter (57) drives a coil driver (58) connected to the coil (40). The pulse width signal C is indicative of the actual position of the advancing ring (23) and the actual number of degrees between the angular positions of the camshaft (13) and the sprocket (15). Thus, the pulse width error signal E is indicative of the difference in the actual position of the ring (33) and the desired position and hence the output of the coil driver (57) will continue until the error signal E reaches zero when the angular position of the crankshaft (13) and sprocket (15) is advanced to the desired relative angular position at which time the signals D and C are equal.

Claims: A device for angularly displacing a camshaft (13) relative to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine to vary the engine valve timing, comprising: a hub member (17); means (19) to attach the hub member to the engine camshaft; a drive member (15) rotatably mounted on said hub member; means connecting said drive member in driving relationship with the engine crankshaft; an advancing member (24); a first means (26, 27) interconnecting said advancing member with said hub member; a second means (35, 33) interconnecting said advancing member with said drive member; said first and second means being so arranged as to transmit rotation from the drive member (15) to the hub member (17), while permitting a limited dial movement of said advancing member (24) relative to said hub member (17) and said drive member (15), such an axial movement causing a limited rotation of said drive member relative to said hub member; and an annular means (23) mounted on said hub member; said advancing member (24) mounted on said annular means, characterized by coacting meshing (21, 22) means formed in part on said annular means (23) and in part on said hub member (17) for moving said annular means (23) axially relative to said hub member (17) upon limited rotation of said annular means relative to the hub member, and bearing means (25) provided between annular means (23) and advancing member (24) so as to permit relative rotation but no axial movement therebetween; and a non-rotatable retarder means (36) which when actuated applies a retarding torque to said annular means (23) causing limited rotation of said annular means (23) relative to said hub member (17) and thus cause the advancing member (24) to move axially of the hub member whereby the drive member (15) is moved a limited angular distance relative to the hub member. A device for angularly displacing a camshaft (13) relative to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine to vary the engine valve timing, comprising: a hub member (17); means (19) to attach the hub member to the engine camshaft; a drive member (15) rotatably mounted on said hub member, and means connecting said drive member in driving relationship with the engine crankshaft; an advancing member (24); a first means (26, 27) interconnecting said advancing member with said hub member; a second means (35, 33) interconnecting said advancing member with said drive member; said first and second means being so arranged as to transmit rotation from the drive member (15) to the hub member (17), while permitting a limited axial movement of said advancing member (24) relative to said hub member (17) and said drive member (15), such an axial movement causing a limited rotation of said drive member relative to said hub member; an annular means (23) mounted on said hub member; said advancing member (24) mounted on said annular means; characterized by coacting meshing (21, 22) means formed in part on said annular means (23) and in part on said advancing member (24) for moving said advancing member (24) axially relative to said annular member (23) upon limited rotation of said annular means relative to the advancing member; and a non-rotatable retarder means (36) which when actuated applies a retarding torque to said annular means (23) causing limited rotation of said annular means (23) relative to said hub member (17) and thus cause the advancing member (24) to move axially of the hub member whereby the drive member (15) is moved a limited angular distance relative to the hub member. A device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized by means for controlling the actuation of said retarder means so that said retarder means (36) applies a predetermined amount of retarding torque to said annular means (23) to cause said advancing member (24) to move axially a predetermined axial distance and thus angularly displaces the camshaft (13) relative to the drive shaft a predetermined number of degrees. A device as claimed in Claim 1 in which said retarder means (36) is characterized by an annular working surface (37) movable axially toward an opposed working surface (38) on said annular means and means (40) for causing the working surface of said retarder means to move toward the opposed working surface on said annular means. A device as claimed in Claim 4 characterized by a fluid disposed between said opposed working surfaces (37, 38) which through viscous shear of said fluid applies said retarding torque to said annular means. A device as claimed in Claim 4 characterized by opposed working surfaces (37, 38) frictionally engage each other when said retarder means is actuated. A device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 characterized in that said first means (26,27) includes a plurality of circumferencially spaced axially extending lugs (27) attached to said hub member which coact with correspondingly positioned slots 26 located in said advancing member. A device as claimed in Claim 6 characterized by said hub member having a radially extending portion (30) connecting an annular flange (29) to said hub member, said lugs (27) being attached to said flange (29) and said slots (26) formed in the outer periphery of said advancing member (24). A device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 characterized by said second means having a plurality of circumferentially spaced angled lugs (32) attached to said drive member (15) which coact with corresponding angled slots (35) located in said advancing member (24). A device as claimed in Claim 9 characterized by said angled lugs being attached to a flange extending axially from said drive member (15). A device as claimed in Claim 9 characterized by said advancing member (24) having axially extending slots (26) coacting with axially extending lugs (27) attached to said hub. A device as claimed in Claim 11 characterized by said slots (26) in said advancing member formed in the outer periphery thereof. A device as claimed in Claim 1 characterized by said coacting meshing means (21, 22) having meshing threads (21) formed in a cylindrical portion of said hub member (17) and in the internal diameter of said annular means. A device as claimed in Claim 13 characterized by said cylindrical portion (20) of said hub member having an axial length substantially less than the diameter of the camshaft to which it is attached. A device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2 characterized by said retarder (36) actuated by an electrical coil (40) which when energized creates electromagnetic forces causing the retarder means to apply a retarding force to said annular means. A device as claimed in Claim 15 characterized by said retarder (36) being prevented from rotation by at least one flexible tab (39) extending radially from the retarder and terminating in an end fixed to the engine head. A device as claimed in Claim 15 characterized by means (39, 43) for securing said retarder from rotation relative to the engine head. A device as claimed in Claim 17 characterized by said securing means having fastener means (39) securing said retarder to a cover for said drive member. A device as claimed in Claim 15 characterized by said coil (40) being energized by an error signal E generated by a closed loop feedback circuit, means for sensing and generating a signal C indicative of the actual angular position of the crankshaft relative to the drive member, means for generating a signal D indicative of the desired angular position thereof, and a comparator (53) for receiving said signals and generating said error signal E.

Inventors: HAMPTON, KEITH
Applicants: EATON CORPORATION
Application year: 1987
Main classification: F01L1
IPC codes: F01L1, F16H35