AUTOMATIC SAMPLING MACHINE AND METHOD OF USE

Abstract: A device for automatically sampling liquids includes a reversible gas powered motor 1 driving a reversible pump 2. There are included in lines 6,7 supplying the driving gas to the motor 1 control devices 3 which cause the gas to drive the motor 1 and the pump 2 in one sense for a predetermined period of time to purge the pump 2 and subsequently to drive the motor 1 and the pump 2 in the opposite sense to draw a sample of the liquid. The motor 1 has two inputs 18, 19. The control devices 3 initially connect the supply of gas to one input 18 and subse­ quently to the other input 19. The supply is then cut off and the control devices 3 reset. In the preferred embodiment the control devices 3 include a purge timer 11, a sample timer 12, two bistable devices (14, 15), one bistable device being assoc­ iated with each timer (11, 12) and timer-counter 13 which con­ trols the interval between successive purging and sampling operations.

Description: The present invention concerns the design and method of operation of a device for taking samples from sources of liquid such as bore holes, sumps, conduits carrying liquid chemicals such as petroleum or alcohols, a stream of water, sewers or effluent channels. It is particularly concerned with the provision of a machine to be used in environments which, by virtue of a susceptibility to flooding or the presence of noxious or flammable gases, are hostile. Sampling methods known at their simplest include manually taking a sample using a scoop or other such device. Clearly requiring the person sampling either to make repeated returns to the sample point or to remain at the sample point over an extended period of time is both an inefficient use of manpower and, in a hostile environment such as a sewer, potentially dangerous. To overcome this disadvantage a sampling machine capable of operating unattended is desirable. In realising this objective a number of difficulties are to be overcome. When a multiplicity of sites are to be covered but samples are required only infrequently at any given site it is uneconomic to build fixed installations: the sampling machine must therefore be capable of being portable. For the sampling machine to be taken to sites where access is difficult the machine must be compact and rugged. The major difficulty is the requirement that the machine must be able to operate safely in the presence of liquids and/or potentially explosive gases. Electrically operated systems would have to be comprehensively insulated and isolated from their immediate environment to operate safely. Attaining this degree of insulation and isolation adds significantly to the cost of the device and makes it more difficult to obtain the goals of compactness and portability. In many situations the provision of a supply of electricity is difficult if not impossible. In addition to meeting these requirements the sampling machine must efficiently fulfill its prime purpose of drawing a series of samples over a period of time. To provide valid results it is desirable that each sample is discrete, i.e. that each sample is not contaminated with residues from any preceding sample. According to the present invention there is provided a device for automatically sampling liquids including a reversible gas powered motor having two inputs, associated gas lines connected fixedly to respective motor inputs for supplying a driving gas to the motor which in turn drives a reversible pump, control means being arranged to connect a source of driving gas via one of the gas lines to the motor so as to drive motor and pump in one sense for a predetermined period of time thus purging the pump thereafter to connect the source of the driving gas via the other of the gas lines to the motor having disconnected the source from said one of the gas lines to drive motor and pump in the opposite sense for a predetermined period of time thus drawing a sample of the liquid, and thereafter to disconnect the source of the driving gas from said other gas line thus stopping the motor, the control means comprising a pneumatic purge timer and a first fluidic bistable device connected in series between the source of the driving gas and one of the gas lines supplying driving gas to the motor, a pneumatic sample timer and a second fluidic bistable device connected in series between the source of the driving gas and the other of the lines supplying driving gas to the motor, the sample timer and the second fluidic bistable device being connected to receive a pneumatic signal from the purge timer, the device further comprising a pneumatic interval timer for controlling the interval between successive pairs of purging and sampling operations having one port connected to the source of driving gas and a second port connected to the pneumatic purge timer, and a fluidic NOT gate which is connected between the supply lines and to the pneumatic interval timer and arranged to transmit a pneumatic signal to the interval timer upon sensing that the supply of gas to the first and second inputs is OFF thereby resetting the pneumatic interval timer. One past attempt at solving the problems a dressed by the present invention is disclose in FR-A-2343239. This machine is an electro-mechanical device having a reversible peristaltic pump driven by a conventional electric motor and, in the principal embodiment, a rotatable delivery tube driven by an electronically controlled stepper motor. In use the liquid drawn by the pump is transferred to the delivery tube and then to one of a number of fixed containers. Since, unlike the system of the present invention, this machine relies upon electricity for motive power and control it is inherently ill-adapted for use in hazardous areas. It is attempted to overcome this problem by sealing the electric motor within a plastic compartment. Since it is necessary for the device's control panel to be accessible this cannot be positioned within the sealed compartment and so each of the switches on the control panel has to be individually sealed. Sealing all the electrical components to the high standards necessary for safe use in the presence of liquids and flammable gases necessarily adds significantly to the cost of manufacture and maintenance of the device and the need to have particular components positioned within sealed compartments contsrains the layout of the components within the device, limiting the extent to which its overall volume can be reduced. The sampling machine disclosed in FR-A-2343239 has further major disadvantages in that complete purging of the sampling/delivery system is not possible. Reversing the direction'of the peristaltic pump serves to purge the tubes directly connected to the pump but leaves the rotatable delivery tube unpurged. Any residues in the form of liquids or liquid-borne solids within the delivery tube will therefore tend to contaminate subsequent samples. delivery tube will therefore tend to contaminate subsequent samples. Another electrically powered sampling device is disclosed in US-A-3795347. This device uses a two-stage sampling process in which liquid is drawn under vacuum into a closed metering chamber until it rises to a predetermined level within the chamher and then the entire contents of the chamber are expelled under pressure into a storage vessel. Prior to a sample being drawn into the metering chamber pressure is applied to purge residues from the chamber and from a tube linking the source of liquid to the chamber. The device uses an electrially powered pump to pressurise the metering chamber and electrically powered timing and control devices. It therefore suffers all the attendent disadvantages discussed above in relation to FR 2343239. Moreover it is impossible for this device to be comprehensively insulated since it relies upon a pair of electrodes being exposed to the sample fluids in the metering chamber. It is therefore not possible to operate this device with complete safety in electrically hazardous environments. The two stage sampling process makes this device operationally less efficient than a device in accordance with the present invention in which the pump acts directly upon the liquids to draw a sample rather than being used indirectly to pressurise or evacuate an intermediate chamber. Since the process of purging can never be totally effective, particularly when liquid-borne solids are present, the use of an intermediate chamber provides an additional source of contamination of samples. Furthermore the tube leading from the metering chamber to the vessel for retaining the sample is not purged by the initial pressurisation of the chamber and so provides a further source of contamination. In all these respects this device contrasts with the present invention which provides a direct and easily purged connection between the source of the liquid and the outputs of the device. In a preferred method of operation of a device in accordance with the present invention the sampling sequence is initiated by starting the interval timer which determines the delay before purging and sampling operations. When the period set on the interval timer has elapsed a signal to initiate a first mode of operation is sent to the purge timer and its associated bistable device, causing the gas supply to the first input of the motor to be tuned ON, so driving the motor and the pump in one sense to discharge any residue from a previous sample. After the time set on the purging timer has elapsed a signal is sent to its associated bistable device, to the sample timer and to that timer's associated bistable device, turning OFF the driving gas supply to the first input of the motor, tuning ON the driving gas supply to the second input of the motor and starting the sample timer. This causes the motor and jump to operate in their opposite sense and draw a sample. When the period set on the sample timer elapses that timer sends a signal to its associated bistable device, tuning OFF the driving gas supply to the second input of the motor and hence removing power from the motor. Switching means connected to the supply lines for the first and second motor inputs and logically equivalent to a NOT gate then sense that both bistable devices are in the OFF position and send a signal to the interval timer resetting it to its original condition and initiating a repetition of the above operational sequence. In an alternative method of operation the control system is so arranged that in a first mode of operation the pump is driven in a sense such that a sample is drawn and then in a second mode of operation the pump is driven in the opposite sense purging any sample residue. The device may include a turntable or other movable device on which a number of containers for samples are mounted and means to cause the turntable or other movable device to advance to align a fresh container with the outlet of the pump. The control means may enable each container to remain stationary for a preset number of sampling/purging cycles so that the sample represents a time averaged state of the sampled liquid over an extended period or alternatively a fresh container may be used for each sampling/purging cycle. The timer may comprise a continuous extended period timer, however the interval timer preferably comprises a short period timer and an associated counter, the counter producing a pneumatic signal when the short period timer has gone through a pre-set number of cycles. The control system may include a delay timer to enable the apparatus to be pre-set to perform a sampling sequence or sequences at a time or times separated from the occasion of the initial setting of the device by a period of, for example, several hours or several weeks. A device in accordance with the present invention and its method of operation will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings; in which: Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2 is a front elevation; Figure 3 is a plan; Figure 4 is a pneumatic circuit diagram; Figure 5 is a plan of a turntable; and, Figure 6 is a partially sectioned side elevation of a turntable. A compressed air driven motor 1, a peristaltic pump 2 and a pneumatic control system 3 mounted on a connecting block 4 are all mounted on a base plate 5. Two supply lines 6 and 7 link the motor 1 to the control system 3. The pump 2 includes an inlet 8 and an outlet 9 for the sampled liquid. An air inlet 10 is connected to the pneumatic control system. The motor 1 is a conventional gas driven reversible rotary motor. In the preferred embodiment the motor 1 is of the low working volume type enabling the device to operate continuously for long periods. It is mechanically coupled to the adjacent peristaltic pump 2 which is the type commercially available as model no. 303 from Watson & Marlow Ltd. A line connected to the pump inlet 8 links the pump 2 to the source of the sampled liquid. A line connected to the pump outlet 9 carries the sampled liquid to a container (not shown) in which it is to be collected. The control system 3 is shown in detail in Figure 4 and includes three adjustable pneumatic timers, an interval timer 13, comprising a short period timer and an associated batch counter, purge timer 11 and a sample timer 12. The control system further includes two fluidic bistable devices, 14 and 15 one associated with the purge timer 11 and the other associated with the sample timer 12, a manually operable switch 16 and a fluidic NOT gate 17. The time period set on the sample timer 12 is smaller than that of the purge timer 11 which is in turn smaller than that of the interval timer 13. To initiate a sampling sequence compressed air is admitted to the main air inlet 10 and this starts the timing period of the interval timer 13. When the time pre-set on the interval timer 13 has expired a pneumatic signal is produced and transmitted via airways in the connecting block 4 to the purge timer 11 and its associated fluidic bistable device 14. This fluidic bistable device 14 admits air from the air inlet 10 to a first input 18 of the motor 1, driving the motor 1 and hence the pump 2 in a first sense such that it draws air from the atmosphere and pumps it through the line connected to the sample inlet 8 so purging the residue of any previous liquid sample. At the expiry of the time period of the purge timer 11 it outputs a pneumatic signal which switches off its associated bistable device 14 switches on the sample timer 12 and switches on that timer's associated bistable device 15. Air is admitted through this bistable device 15 to a second input 19 of he motor 1 driving the motor 1 and hence the pump 2 in the opposite sense such that it draws a sample of liquid from the source through the line connected to the inlet 8 of the pump 2 and feeds it to the container (not shown) where it is retained. When the time period set by sample timer 12 expires it outputs a pneumatic signal which switches off its associated bistable device 15 cutting off the air supply to the motor 1. In response to the condition in which both bistable devices 14, 15 are OFF the NOT gate 17 produces a pneumatic signal which resets the interval timer 13 and initiates a new sampling cycle. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the pump outlet 9 may deliver the sampled liquid to a container 20 mounted on the periphery of a turntable 21. In this embodiment the device includes a line 22 linking the control system 3 to a pneumatic motor 23 arranged to index the turntable bringing a fresh container 20 to the outlet 9 after each complete sampling cycle. In an alternative method of operation the manually operable switch 16 is operated to transmit a signal to the purge timer and to its associated fluidic bistable device 14 to initiate a single cycle in which the pump 2 is purged and then a single sample is drawn.

Claims: 1. A device for automatically sampling liquids including a reversible gas powered motor (1) having two inputs (18, 19), associated gas lines (6, 7) connected fixedly to respective motor inputs (18, 19) for supplying a driving gas to the motor (1) which in turn drives a reversible pump (2), control means (3) being arranged to connect a source of driving gas (10) via one of the gas lines (6, 7) to the motor so as to drive motor (1) and pump (2) in one sense for a predetermined period of time thus purging the pump (2) thereafter to connect the source of the driving gas via the other of the gas lines to the motor having disconnected the source from said one of the gas lines to drive motor (1) and pump (2) in the opposite sense for a predetermined period of time thus drawing a sample of the liquid, and thereafter to disconnect the source of the driving gas from said other gas line thus stopping the motor, the control means comprising a pneumatic purge timer (11) and a first fluidic bistable device (14) connected in series between the source of the driving gas (10) and one of the gas lines (6, 7) supplying driving gas to the motor (1), a pneumatic sample timer (12) and a second fluidic bistable device (15) connected in series between the source (10) of the driving gas and the other of the lines (6, 7) supplying driving gas to the motor (1), the sample timer (12) and the second fluidic bistable device (15) being connected to receive a pneumatic signal from the purge timer (11), the device further comprising a pneumatic interval timer for controlling the interval between successive pairs of purging and sampling operations having one port connected to the source of driving gas (10) and a second port connected to the pneumatic purge timer (11), and a fluidic NOT gate (17) which is connected between the supply lines (6, 7) and to the pneumatic interval timer (13) and arranged to transmit a pneumatic signal to the interval timer upon sensing that the supply of gas to the first and second inputs (18,19) is OFF thereby resetting the pneumatic interval timer (13). 2. A device according to claim 1, in which the control system (3) includes a delay timer to enable the apparatus to be pre-set to perform a sampling sequence or sequences at a time or times separated from the occasion of an initial setting of the device. 3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the pump (2) is a totally enclosed peristaltic pump. 4. A method of operating a device for automatically sampling liquids including a reversible gas powered motor (1) having two inputs (18, 19), associated gas lines (6, 7) connected fixedly to respective motor inputs (18, 19) for supplying a driving gas to the motor (1) which in turn drives a reversible pump (2), control means being arranged to connect a source of driving gas (10) via one of the gas lines (6, 7) to the motor (1) so as to drive motor (1) and pump (2) in one sense for a predetermined period of time thus purging the pump (2) thereafter to connect the source of the driving gas via the other of the gas lines (6, 7) to the motor (1) having disconnected the source from said one of gas lines to drive motor (1) and the pump in the opposite sense for a predetermined period of time thus drawing a sample of the liquid and thereafter to disconnect the source of the driving gas from said other gas line thus stopping the motor, the control means comprising a pneumatic purge timer (11) and a first fluidic bistable device (14) connected in series between the source of the driving gas (10) and one of the gas lines (6, 7) supplying driving gas to the motor (1), a pneumatic sample timer (12) and a second fluidic bistable device (15) connected in series between the source of the driving gas (10) and the other of the lines (6, 7) supplying driving gas to the motor (1), the sample timer (12) and the second fluidic bistable device (15) being connected to receive a pneumatic signal from the purge timer (11), the device further comprising a pneumatic interval timer (13) having one port connected to the source of driving gas (10) and a second port connected to the pneumatic purge timer (11), and a fluidic NOT gate (17) connected between the supply lines (6, 7) and the pneumatic interval timer (13); the method comprising initiating the interval timer (13); when the period set on the interval timer (13) has elapsed sending a signal from the latter to the pneumatic purge timer (11) to initiate a first mode of operation of the purge timer (11) and its associated bistable device (14) causing the gas supply to the first input (18) of the motor (1) to be turned ON, so driving the motor (1) and the pump (2) in one sense to discharge any residue from a previous sample; after the time set on the purge timer (11) has elapsed sending signals from the latter to its associated fluidic bistable device (14), so as to turn OFF the driving gas supply via said one of the gas lines to the motor (1) and so as to turn ON the fluidic bistable device (15) associated with the pneumatic sample timer (12) turning ON the driving gas supply to the second input of the motor (19) causing the motor and pump to operate in their opposite sense and draw a sample, and to the pneumatic sample timer (12) so as to start the pneumatic sample timer (12); when the period set on the pneumatic sample timer (12) has elapsed sending a signal from the latter to its associated bistable device (15), turning OFF the driving gas supply to the second input (19) of the motor (1) and hence removing power from the motor (1); and sensing via the inputs to the fluidic NOT gate (17) when both bistable devices (14, 15) are in the OFF position and sending a signal from the fluidic NOT gate (17) to the interval timer (13) to initiate a repetition of the operational sequence.

Inventors: CROSSLEY, ALAN M.
Applicants: THE THAMES WATER AUTHORITY
Application year: 1987
Main classification: G01N1
IPC codes: G01N1