RECORD CARRIER AND TRACKING SIGNAL GENERATOR CIRCUIT

Abstract: A record carrier for a data storage apparatus has an information layer (19) having tracks (11, 13) for storage of data, the tracks being so arranged and disposed to form a diffraction grating for an incident radiation beam so as to generate a push-pull signal usable as an uncorrected track following signal. The tracks are comprised of longitudinally disposed sectors, each sector having an associated header (24, 44) and associated servo areas. The storage apparatus, in operation, may produce and read detectable modulations in the record carrier by means of directing incident radiation beam to a spot (70) in the information layer (19). The spot is moveable along the longitudinal direction of one of the tracks and perpendicularly across substantially parallel tracks. The storage apparatus, in operation, reads the detectable modulations in a returned radiation beam. The record carrier has a track format in each track comprising discontinuities (41) for generating a correcting signal for correcting said push-pull signal, located in each servo area, qualifier modulations (26, 46) for producing a qualifier signal in the servo area (40) for confirming the coincidence of one of the sector headers under the spot and modulation clocking (21) comprising nonreflective timing pits.

Description: This invention relates to record carriers and to the tracking in optical data read/write systems. In particular the present invention seeks to provide systems for maintaining read/write or read beams on the center of a track in which optically readable information is, or is to be, recorded or erased; and more particularly to such systems where the tracking information for centring and counting tracks is made present in the record medium. Several systems exist to center an incident spot of a radiation beam on an information track centre but these systems have several limitations, and for commercially feasible systems which provide optical recording densities on the order of 1000M bytes to a 30cm disk, highly accurate systems must be devised. In the preferred form of the present invention, a single beam is directed at an angle to the disk or recording medium surface, and a detector receives the reflected beam which has been modulated by the disk surface. Parsing the signal generated by the detector means yields accurate information concerning the location of the beam relative to the track centre and concerning the data in the track. In another "seek" mode, the number of tracks crossed can be parsed from the same signal. The concepts disclosed herein may be applied to the use of a separate beam for writing, multiple detector beams, or splitting the reflected beam between a multiplicity of detectors, provided that the format limitations on the configuration of track sector headers on the recording medium surface are adhered to and/or that such format limitations are used in accord with the methods described for track following or track counting. The preferred embodiments employ a reflective media surface, physically responsive to radiation (of laser light for these embodiments). However, the invention can apply to various forms of media, including reflective and transmissive, and physically or chemically radiation responsive media. Generally, as is the case in the preferred embodiments described herein, disk media is "mastered", created with data tracks (grooves), non-data areas (generally lands surrounding the grooves) and servo or adjustment areas (called headers,situated at spaced locations in and about the centre line of the grooves). These are all in the information layer or plane of the disk. Disk media may be "mastered" with data too, and completely blank disk media may at some future date be sold for use in optical drives which do the mastering themselves, using the same equipment which reads and writes data. In this specification the detectable modulations of the information bearing layer due to writing are therein referred to as "pits" although these pits may be bumps or other manifestations when a different media is employed. One existing type of system for centring a beam of radiation in a track is shown in U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,271,334 which provides for the dithering or wobbling of the beam (or related beam) within or across the width of the track as the track passes. An error signal is produced using the increase of the reflected beam's average intensity (which increases as the beam gets further off-centre), and the fact that the reflected beam's intensity variation produces a phase angle with the dither signal on only one side of the track. The amount of increased intensity reflects the magnitude, and direction of the off-centre error is found in the existence or non-existence of the phase angle between the dither signal and the reflected intensity variation signal. U.S. Patent Specification Nos.4,236, 105 and 4,234,837 describe a dither system which finds "switching lines" to signal the servo mechanism to change direction. Dithering, or active wobbling, has inherent design problems however, which prevent its easy implementation in write/read systems. In U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,243,850, the tracking error signal is generated by the use of the three read beams' spots in which the outer two spots' reflections gain or lose intensity when they come in contact with the information pits or hills of adjacent tracks. This signal is a differential signal generated by paired photodectectors which read these outer reflected beams, the absolute value of the difference showing the magnitude of the error and the fact of a positive or negative difference indicating the direction of the error. Other systems employ the diffraction of light by track edges themselves to generate a track following error signal called a push-pull signal described in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,232,337; 4,209,804 and 4,100,557. Difficulties with these systems are discussed in more detail below but basically inaccuracies in beam alignment cause undiscoverable flaws in the push-pull signal, making it an inaccurate measure of tracking. Other systems use an error signal generated by the disk track's surface structure wobbling with respect to the line of information pits embedded in the centre of the track. This error signal may be generated by the sinusoidal variations caused by a wobbling groove in which the data pits lie on a straight path as described by U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,135,083 (at the top of column 8), or by a series of off-centre prewritten data pits spaced continuously around the track on either side of the data path centre line at predetermined intervals as in Netherland's Patent Specifications Nos. 8,000,121; 8,000,122; 8,103,117 and 8,102,621. In using continuous "passive" wobbling techniques such as these, while they do eliminate the problems associated with active wobble or dithering techniques, the retrieval or parsing-out of the tracking signal (given at the wobble frequency) may be difficult, primarily because the relevant beam spot must first be in track to get a phase lock onto the wobble frequency, and also because of poor signal to noise ratios. In those where many pits are required for timing or track following rather than wobbling the groove itself, as is required by U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,456,981, the amount of disk space available for data may be reduced because data cannot be written in the groove adjacent to such wobble pits. The only abbreviated wobble pit pattern found in extant art was in U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,428,069 which did not provide a means for correcting its inaccuracies nor does it in any way indicate use of a push-pull signal nor many of the improvements found herein. (The use of wobbled pits in headers for centring has been found in the magnetic recording art too, see for example, U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,472,750). Except the wobbled pits the headers of the disc disclosed in US 4.472.750 also comprise synchronization pits to be used for the generation of clock signals during recording and/or reading. One system described a corrected error signal; U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,476,555. In that patent a "traverse" signal which may roughly correspond to the "central aperture signal" herein is used with a counter and RAM to correct the tracking error signal at a rate of one time per disk rotation, whereas this invention corrects the tracking error signal continuously at each header. Even assuming that the "transverse" signal is a central aperture signal, there is no indication of how it is derived. In the present application the limitations are taught and claimed which provide for a correcting signal to be generated in the central aperture signal, as well as how to decode the signal to get the corrected tracking information. Another system for correcting tracking signal is described in published European Patent Application No. EP0099576A2. That system uses a discontinuity or flat mirror area in a track groove, and the push-pull signal derived therefrom to correct the push-pull signal. It does not address the problems with signal strength variation caused by written data and reflected light level variations. Neither does it address how to handle errors in location of the blank or "mirror" areas, nor defects around such "mirror" areas. It should be noted that the diffraction patterns generated by a beam wandering to one side or the other of a track or groove (found in the low frequency push-pull signal) have proven to be unreliable for measuring track following when uncorrected. This is due to shifts in the position of the reflected beam relative to the centre of the photodetecting means and the inability to detect what caused the shift. These shifts may be caused by instability in the optics, mechanical displacements, or laser beam intensity distribution itself. The object of the invention is to solve the above problems. According to a first aspect of the invention this object is realized by the use of a record carrier with an information layer having optical detectable guide tracks for the storage of data, said tracks comprises longitudinally sectors with associated sector headers, optically detectable clock synchronization patterns, optically detectable qualifier patterns, and which sector headers further comprise track discontinuities having a flat surface, the discontinuity qualifier pattern and clock synchronisation pattern being located at predetermined positions within the sector headers. The use of a record carrier provided with sector headers with a clock synchronization pattern, a discontinuity and qualifier patterns enable the generation of a very reliable correction signal for the push-pull signal. Such reliable tracking is realized in an optical data read/write system, comprising an optical system for directing a laser beam towards the guide track, a detector for detecting the laser beam returned from the record carrier, a circuit for deriving a push-pull tracking error signal on the basis of output signals of the detector, a synchronisation circuit for deriving timing signals on the basis of output signals of the detector corresponding with clock synchronisation patterns, said timing signals indicating the time intervals of scanning the discontinuities, a qualifier signal checking circuit for testing whether an output signal of the detector matches with an expected signal corresponding with the qualifier pattern, sampling means responsive to timing signals for sampling output signals of the detector when the discontinuities are scanned by the laser beam, tracking error correction circuit for correcting the push-pull tracking error on the basis of output signals of the sampling circuit, and enabling circuit responsive to the qualifier detector for enabling to pass the output signals of the sampling circuit to the tracking error correction circuit. Another embodiment of the record carrier according to the invention comprises an information layer having tracks for the storage of data, said tracks comprising servo areas located in the sectors, said servo areas include a first servo portion having a first length, and a second servo portion having a second length equal to said first length, said first servo portion having qualifier pattern, said qualifier pattern including a first wobble pit, a second wobble pit and a first unpitted area and said second servo portion including a clock synchronization pattern, said clocking synchronization pattern including a clocking pit and a second unpitted area, said record carrier further including at least one user data area wherein the positioning of said first pit, said second pit and said first unpitted area in said first servo portion, and said clocking pit and said second unpitted area in said servo portion being different from the positioning of any other combination of pitted and unpitted areas in said user data areas. The use of servo areas with a clock synchronization pattern, offset pits and a qualifier pattern enables a very reliable tracking. Such reliable tracking is achieved in an optical data read/write system comprising an optical system for directing a laser beam towards the track, a detector for detecting the laser beam returned from the record carrier, a synchronisation circuit for deriving timing signals on the basis of output signals of the detector corresponding with clock synchronisation patterns, said timing signals indicating the time intervals of scanning the first and second offset pit, a qualifier signal checking circuit for testing whether an output signal of the detector matches with an expected signal corresponding with the qualifier pattern, sampling means responsive to timing signals and an output of the qualifier signal testing circuit for sampling signals derived from output signals of the detector when the first and second offset pits are scanned by the laser beam, tracking circuit for deriving a tracking error signal in dependence on output signals when the output signal tested by the qualifier signal testing circuit matches the expected signal of the sampling circuit. The invention is illustrated merely by way of example, in the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a representation of the top view of a disk recording medium depicting the track grooves and track lands greatly exaggerated in size; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the surface of the recording medium, taken at line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Figure 3 is a cross-section of the surface of the recording medium taken at a perpendicular to the cross-section of Fig. 2, at line 3-3; Figure 4 is a top view of two tracks, one for each of the two embodiments of record carrier according to the present invention and includes an enlargement of the section header areas of each; Figures 4A(i), 4B(i), 4B(ii) and 4B(iii) show different header patterns. Figure 4A(iii) depicts the sum signal generated in response to the pattern of 4A(i) and Fig. 4A(ii) depicts the location of the headers of Figs. 4A(i), 4B(i), 4B(ii) and 4B(iii) vis-a-vis data areas on a typical track; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram depicting a laser light path to the surface of recording medium and reflected therefrom in a typical record carrier according to the present invention; Figure 6 represents the diffracted light spots which are generated by the reflected and diffracted beam returning from the surface of a recording medium as they strike the quad detector or split diode photodetector; Figure 7 depicts the light spot as it appears on the photodetector in the path of the reflected light beam; Figure 7A depicts the position of the light spot on the surface of the recording medium which produces the diffraction pattern of Figure 7; Figure 8 is a block diagram depicting logical circuitry which may be used to parse the photodetector signals; Figure 9 is a block diagram of a tracking signal generator circuit according to the present invention and which may be used to parse photodetector signals; Figure 10 depicts adjacent track sector header areas in an area of the record carrier; Figures 10A, 10B, 10C and 10D are highly schematic timing diagrams, of a triangular representation of what in reality should be a sinewave push-pull signal generated by the beam spot track crossings of Figure 10; Figures 11 and 11A depict track embodiments using discontinuities and the push-pull signal generated thereby, respectively; Figure 12 is a circuit diagram which depicts an approach to the AGC function for use of discontinuities in header areas only; and Figure 13 is a block diagram of logical circuitry to parse photodetector signals. Figure 1 shows a typical record carrier or recording disk 10, employing so called "ablative" recording medium, a segment of which is enlarged to show detail. As discussed previously, this is only a representative recording medium and various types may be employed to take advantage of the concepts disclosed herein. The enlargement shows a data pit 30 and a servo or wobble pit 40 situated as they would appear in tracks 13, 15 respectively. A discontinuity 39 is shown in track 13 also. The information or data tracks, before being written are known as pre-grooves. Between each track on an information surface or layer of the recording medium, is a land, depicted in Figure 1 as, for example a land 14 between the tracks 13, 15. Information tracks may be arranged in a concentric or spiral pattern over the information layer of the recording medium. (It is possible that the tracks might be oriented in a parallel series on a slidable planar medium or possibly on a tape, but currently such recording medium are not in use for radiation based data storage.) Generally, pits 30, 40 are representative of the pits to be written on the surface of the recording medium. "Pits" may vary in nature as required by the particular recording medium employed. Minimally, it is required that there be a "change", modulation, or transformation which allows, alters or disallows the transmission or reflection of an incident radiation beam from or through the recording medium. In other words, the manifestation of a modulation (which is a pit in this application), whatever the recording medium, must affect the incident radiation beam differently than does the rest of the information layer and this difference must be detectable. Note that in various recording medium, the information layer may be at the surface or at some plane within the recording medium. The form of the data tracks and non-data areas may vary in structure too, to accommodate other recording medium, without deviating from the teachings of the present invention. In short, this invention may be used with numerous forms of recording media. In the preferred embodiments, the pits are monreflective, and the recording medium at every other point in the information layer is optically reflective. The pits thus create a modulation in the resultant signal level when the beam spot passes over them. Figure 2, a section view of the enlarged section of information layer 19 in Figure 1, shows pits written into the surface of the recording medium and the lands and tracks in the preferred embodiments. An information layer 19 is seen covered by a clear photopolymer laquer layer 18. Above the layer 18 may be a substantially clear substrate layer 18a such as glass, for structural strength, through which the laser or other radiation may easily pass. The data pit 30, may typically be approximately 0.9 micrometres wide and, written properly in the centre line of the track, it extends beyond both edges of the track 13. Likewise, the wobble pit 40 partially obliterates a land 16 and is of the same order of magnitude in size as the data pit 30. Lands such as lands 12, 14 are approximately 1 micrometre wide, and the tracks are approximately 0.6 micrometres wide. The information layer 19 (the ablative surface) may be a reflective tellurium or rhodium layer which is deposited on the entire surface of the recording medium and it ablates to form a hole or a pit (such as the data pit 30) where a radiation or laser beam of appropriate power strikes the information layer 19. The average depth of a track, for example a track 11, is equal to one-eighth the wave length of the radiation beam. This depth is known to generate, by causing diffraction of the beam, the most pronounced "push-pull" signal. The use of this push-pull signal to generate track following information is well-known (see for example, U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,209,804). A push-pull signal with higher frequency content is generated during seek (track crossing) because of the rapid push-pull signal change as the beam moves radially over a number of tracks. A sine wave signal is thus created, each repetition providing one track crossing. Data pits written by the user may affect the push-pull signal quality at higher frequencies, and may prohibit proper track counting at higher seek velocities. This can be partially avoided by selecting a proper data modulation code with a so-called "D.C. free" frequency spectrum as for example that shown in U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,464,714. For track following, the push-pull signal's low frequency part may not be accurate. Abberations in the validity of the push-pull signal are caused by a shift of the beam returned from the surface of the recording medium with respect to the centre line of a photo-detector. These beam shifts may be caused by optomechanical instability, laser pointing instability, tilt of the recording medium itself, displacements of the actuator, and intensity shifts in the laser beam distribution and perhaps other causes. In data read/write systems used with the present invention, an optical system such as that depicted in Fig. 5 is likely to be employed. A laser 50 generates a beam 52 which is directed towards a generic optical path 57, routed by a polarizing beam splitter 51 through a quarterwave plate 4, through an objective lens 55 so that the beam 52 is reflected and modulated by the disk 10 at a beam spot 70 and reflected back into the objective lens 55 becoming a reflected beam 53 which follows a different optical path through the quarterwave plate 4 and the polarizing beam splitter 51 to impinge on a quad photo-detector 80. The entire generic optical pathway 57 may be movable radially with respect to the disk responsive to an actuator-servo 56. Fig. 6 depicts the beam 52 reflecting from the track 11 at the beam spot 70 to form the reflected beam 53. The outline of the quad photodetector 80 is shown in the far field of the reflected beam 53, positioned so as to receive a zeroth order diffraction area 53' and first order diffraction areas 53", 53''' which create an interference pattern on the quad detector 80. The interference pattern drawn in Fig. 6 is representative of a properly aligned and centred beam 52. The evenness of destructive interference fringes 72 and 73 cause an even signal to be generated by both sides of quad photodetector 80. An off-track interference pattern is depicted in Fig.7. A zeroth order beam spot 71 is still located centrally on the quad photodetector 80 because the reflected beam 53 is directed that way. An interference between the zeroth order beam 53 and the positive first order diffracted area 53' is shown in the interference fringe 72, while the destructive interference (between the zeroth and negative first order diffracted beams) is seen in an area 74, and therefore, a weaker resultant signal is found on that side of the quad photodetector 80. Fig. 7A depicts the position of the beam spot 70 which, in a properly aligned system would create the interference pattern in Fig. 7 on the quad photodetector 80, relative to the track 11. The push-pull tracking error signal is the difference between the signal strength generated by one side of the quad photodetector and that generated by the other. The direction and the magnitude of error is given by the sign and value of the difference between the signals. Where the reflected beam and its diffraction and interference patterns are not correctly aligned with a photodetector diode (the quad photodetector 80), or were the beam intensity is not properly distributed across the entire beam spot 70, it can be easily understood that false tracking error signals will be generated using an uncorrected push-pull signal reliant method. The present embodiment provides means to self-correct these errors in a continuous and automatic fashion with several media configurations. Variations in the format of the media which may be employed to correct track following signals will next be described, then descriptions of how these are employed by the preferred embodiments will follow. In general, the relevant variations occur in sector header areas, the information track being divided into these headers and associated adjacent data bearing sectors. A typical sector header is illustrated in Fig. 4. The wobbled off-centre pits provide an expected pattern which produces an error signal in the following way. The presence of a pattern of off-centre pits in a certain format is expected and confirmed by reading them.This confirmation is critical when a small number of sector headers is used per unit of track length. Where the signal which depicts the read pattern is missing the pits expected on one side only, or where the signal is weaker when the expected pattern on one side is passed and confirmed than when the expected pattern on the other side is passed and confirmed, it is apparent that the beam spot is following more to the side of the track with the stronger signal. Discontinuities in the track provide for a similar function in a dissimilar way. Their presence gives a signal which directly reflects the beam misalignment or anomaly in the push-pull signal, because the discontinuity is a flat reflective surface. Accordingly the electronics to incorporate this information into the track following servo signal must be different than those employing the wobbled pit patterns suggested above. Also there are differences in the systems required to use the several discontinuity patterns described, the main differences being between those where the discontinuities are only in the headers and those where the discontinuities are present in special servo bytes in the data area. Figure 4 shows two tracks 11,13 a segment of each of which illustrates the two embodiments just described which have servo information (modulations) in the header only. The track 13 has wobbled pits 29, and the track 11 has discontinuities 41. The enlarged segments depict a sector header 24 from the track 13 and a sector header 44 from the track 11. The use of synchronization pits 25, 45, qualifier pits 26, 46 and address pits 27, 47 are enhancements described in detail below. It should be noted that the track 13 may be discontinuous at points 28 and where each wobble pit segment exists without affecting the ability to derive a corrected tracking signal from such a header. A two pits to each side pattern as shown will work as will any wobbled pattern which is recognizable, balanced and known or expected will work. If the spot is moving along the track centreline, the average sum signal will be equal when passing the left and right wobbled pit locations. If the loss is greater during the passing of the right side then it is clear that the spot is centred towards the right of the track centreline. More detail regarding the track design in preferred embodiments can be seen in Fig. 3, depicting a section down the centre of a representative track. A clocking sinewave floor 21 of the track extends along the entire length of the track and the size and orientation of this floor can be understood by noting that point 22 represents a peak and point 23 represents the next peak. The use of a clocking sinewave floor to generate synchronization information so that the electronics "know" at what rate to expect data, is well-known in the art of optical disk storage. The choice of whether to use an embodiment which employs a discontinuous track or one in which a track is continuous, or how many wobbled pits to employ to each side of the track, will be based on many factors including the user's ability to create such patterns on the recording media. In embodiments using discontinuities to correct the tracking signal, the wobble pits may be eliminated altogether, and the corrective signal may then be generated by "zeroing", that is, finding and applying the off-centre value of the push-pull signal where there is no interference grating (at the discontinuity), as the beam spot 70 passes over the discontinuities. These discontinuities are plain reflective surfaces set in the track sector headers, also called blank areas. In all embodiments such as those represented by Fig. 4, track sector headers such as are written at a predetermined interval from each other along the length of each track. The known distance, or number of sinewave clock peaks between each sector header location, together with the configuration of one pattern in each sector header provides the demodulation means with the ability to parse or separate out, the push-pull signal, a corrective signal, a track counting signal and a data signal as well as the clock signal from the tracks on the disk surface. This invention comprehends embodiments which do not use sinewave clock floors in track grooves and these will be explained later. To illustrate track crossing count determination, reference should be had to Fig. 10, in which a wobble pattern using two wobble pits 31 32, a spacer 33 and two wobble pits 34, 35 on the other side of the track 13 continued over the course of three track sector headers on three tracks. The wobbling pattern for this is shown to vary the timing patterns of Figs. 10A, B, C and D as centred lines A, B, C, and D of the path of the reading spot would cross the edges of a track in track crossing (seek) mode. It can be easily seen that counting from peak to peak of the resultant signal, or any one period measure of the signal shows that the spot has crossed from one track to the next. The pattern of two pair of double wobble spots on each side with empty (nonwritten) track segments between them in a left, space, right, space, left, space, right, space sequence comprises one successful pattern. Track crossing count will not be missed by the push-pull signal with such a sequence even at a track crossing speed which allows a track to be crossed radially at the longitudinal length of four timing spots. (A completely continuous track with the same pattern of wobbling will eliminate even this restriction on track crossing speed). Assuming the implementation of Figs. 10 and 10A to illustrate track crossing count generally, note that actual peak 3 of Fig. 10A occurs at the crossing of line A of Fig. 10 with the location 5, and also note that trough 2 is found at the crossing of line A with the left edge location 6 of the track 15. A similar function is observed for lines B, C and D in Figs. 10B, 10C and 10D, respectively. The dotted line figures of lines A, B, C and D represent the signal generated by the same crossing taken over tracks without such discontinuities. Thus, in either case, as each centreline crosses one track, one sinewave signal is generated, and counting these sinewaves gives the number of tracks crossed. Remember that the timing diagrams are triangularized for clarity and that the push-pull signal would appear to be more sine-wave like in reality. Figures 11 and 11A are referenced here to illustrate the nature of D.C. or low frequency push-pull signal variance used for track following. Line E of Fig. 11A is the push-pull signal which would be derived from an accurately aligned system in using a beam spot whose centre travels along line e of Fig. 11. Fig. 11 shows an example configuration of three radially adjacent header areas 201, 202 and 203 with qualifier pits 204, address pits 205, discontinuities 206, synchronization pits 207 and data areas 208 where they may be located in accord with the teachings herein. In all embodiments using discontinuities, it can be easily seen (in the use of refective recording media) that the reflection of a beam from the discontinuity will be of a greater intensity than its reflection during the time the beam spot is over the grooved areas, and greater still than the intensity of the reflection from the written areas. Because of this fact, an automatic gain control is required to compensate for the resultant variance in signal intensity so that the signals from the three described areas can be mixed. To illustrate, an adaptation of the discontinuity based embodiment which relies on numerous headers is described with reference to Figs. 4A(i), (ii), (iii) and 4B(i), (ii) and (iii). The embodiment shown in these figures eliminates the need for gain control to compensate for the presence of data because employing it eliminates the need to use the push-pull signal generated over the data areas for part of the tracking signal. Specifically, a blank area or discontinuity 314 is seen at positions 2 to 11 of a second servo byte 311. The clear indication of its termination is given by a pit written at position 12 as seen in a sum signal 299 of Fig. 4A(iii). The sum signal also shows the difference between the reflectivity of the pregrooved area at position 1 and position 2 (the first position of full blank area). From this observation, it is clear that the push-pull signal, a measure of the D.C. offset in the sum signal, would be lost amidst the data signal without continuous automatic gain control. Where only the signal generated by the unwritten pre-groove area and the blank (or discontinuity) are used for tracking, the difference in gain between the signals of these two areas will be substantially constant. As is known in the art, use of high read power levels may damage the data areas. The blank area (discontinuity) signal is used to check read power levels and the laser level is adjusted downwardly if it is too high, thus a secondary gain control circuit is established. Thus a data area need not be used to generate the push-pull signal and how adequate tracking can still be accomplished without such use, but it also demonstrates that continuous push-pull signal can be used for tracking with correction and describes means to do so. While providing for simplified gain control, the formats suggested in the Figs. 4A and 4B affect the systems employing them in a number of ways and there are a number of other points which should be considered for those formats. First a complete explanation of the formats themselves should be had, starting with an overview of Figure 4A(ii). Shown in this figure is a segment of a data area in one of the track sectors which may be considered the equivalent to the track sectors of Figure 4. The header areas are assumed to contain normal track address, sector and synchronization information. Each sector data area, usually following a sector header area, would be divided up into a number of segments such as segment 1 and segment 2 each shown with two servo bytes 319 at the head of each segment. If each segment is 16 bytes long, the last 14 bytes of such segment would be considered available for user data. The size of the segment chosen will depend on a number of factors including the size of the sector, the size of the modulation code used for writing data and the amount of servo byte pair repetitions required so that there can be enough sampling of the servo areas per unit of time so that the phase lag of the servo responses is not great enough to impair servo function. Another factor in determining the amount of servo byte area required is the need to write user data or have user data space available. This servo byte format also eliminates the need for a sine-wave floor in the user data areas and groove areas of the track for clocking. However, if the method of clocking described below is employed then it is advisable to keep these servo bytes in line from track to adjacent track. Doing so will enable a system employing such media to have accurate clocking during track seeking as well as during track following. A simple configuration of the use of the blank area or discontinuity in servo bytes which are not in the header areas may be described with reference to Figure 4A(i). Note first that each "byte" (including servo byte 310 and servo byte 311) of the servo area is divided into 15 spaces. This is representative of one data modulation code in which data can only be written in a certain number of the 15 spaces available for holes for each byte, i.e. 8 bits of information. Note also that the servo type modulation in the servo bytes cannot be one of the 16 recognizable modulations forms under whatever modulation code is used. This unique signal can be used as a qualifier signal and the update which normally occurs at the passing of each pair of servo bytes for all sampled signals (including for instance clocking, focusing, tracking, the level of the sum signal, and the laser "read" level) can be disabled by this qualifier signal. Since a pit is not allowed in the modulation code used in this example at position 4 as is illustrated in Fig. 4A(i), a pre-groove 315 after it (a pit 316) and the blank area 314 after that are sampled to set the levels of the sample signals just mentioned. Detection of a pit 317 at position 12 of the second servo byte 311 updates the clock thus allowing the clock to be constantly resynchronized at the occurrence of every pair of servo bytes in a data area. Note that the clocking hole at position 12 is placed directly after the blank area (or discontinuity) in order to avoid transients in the read signal which might generate a false trigger in the clocking circuit. This allows for very exact synchronization, without the use of the sine-wave clocking floor with reference to the embodiments whose only servo is in header areas. There are several advantages to not using a sine-wave clocking floor. Because this invention does not use a sine-wave clocking floor, user data holes do not destroy any part of the clock and therefore bit density is not limited by that type of destruction. Therefore, unevenly distributed user data holes do not introduce any signal components which might create clock pull. Further, the bit density limitation imposed on the user data by the sine-wave clock floor frequency does not exist. The sine-wave clock floor may be written at or near the limits of optical disk drive resolution capabilities, thus increasing bit frequency may make it difficult to resolve the clock in such systems. The sampled servo byte does not have this problem. Nor does the user data modulation code have to provide a zero signal power content in the frequency spectrum at the clock frequency. Nor need any compromise be struck between the amplitude of the clocking sine wave in the pre-groove and direct read during write detection. In the use of the servo byte embodiment and the design of the format for these servo bytes, other considerations may still be pointed out with reference to Fig. 4A(i). Note that the two pits used must be chosen to be in locations such that user data holes which are written adjacent to the servo byte cannot introduce clock pull. It is felt that three free positions in a 15 position code will provide enough free space to eliminate any potential for clock pull. Since sampling of most signals is done in the blank area, it must be made of sufficient length to allow for accurate detection yet it must also be short enough not to interfere with reliable track counting as was explained above with reference to Fig. 10. Also, the free pre-groove area in the first servo byte must be chosen long enough to register the D.C. offset in the push-pull signal since with the servo byte embodiments, no other area besides the blank area is used for generating a tracking signal. Note, however, that where the "qualifying" pattern of the servo byte area is not properly detected and enough track length has gone by so that proper tracks centering may be lost, the uncorrected continuous push-pull signal might be temporarily employed for tracking. The same use of uncorrected pushpull signal would be employed with the header located discontinuity but in that case, where there are far fewer discontinuities to check the push-pull signal this use of uncorrected signal is critical and without employing qualifier modulations tracking may be lost completely. Fig. 4B(i) and Fig. 4B(ii) illustrates variations of the pattern described in Fig. 4A(i) which use wobbled pits 318 as a part of the qualifier signal and which may also be used for track following as is described above with reference to wobbled pits in header areas. However, in these embodiments, clocking would be accomplished in the manner described with reference to Fig. 4A(i) and the blank area may be used for track correcting and sampling of sampled signals (focusing, laser level, variation in intensity of the four quads, and quad sum level). Fig. 4B(ii) may be written with a simple, single laser mastering machine as can the formats of Fig. 4A(i) and 4B(iii). With reference to any of the 4B Figs., by virtue of the fact of there being so many servo bytes per unit track length, tracking signal may be entirely derived by the use of the wobble signal. Fig. 4B(iii) illustrates a two servo byte format which might be used if track counting at high speeds is not required. For the various format types described, differing circuitry must be employed to parse the relevant signals from the detector. Where the invention employs wobbled or off-center pits, track following signals are created generally (with reference to Fig. 8) as follows: A positive voltage is applied across resistor R1 to both cathodes of the detector 80. The detector 80 is shown here as a split photo diode or pair of incident radiation detectors because this is the minimum configuration necessary for the function of such a detector with the present invention. (Ordinarily, a quad detector is used to optimize focusing ability and for other reasons unrelated to this invention. Merely tying the two inputs and two outputs of both the left and of the right sides of the quad together would yield the equivalent to what is shown here). The sum of the modulations detected by detector 80 appears at the input to an amplifier 108, whose output is a "central aperture" signal, a reflection of the overall modulation in the beam returned from the recording medium. Directing this signal through a circuit 111 which has phase locked loop and associated data demodulating logic brings the incoming signal into phase with a system clock. A data signal and a timing confirmation signals will appear on a line 97. Timing logic 102 will pass the part of the now in phase central aperture signal occurring during a sector header to a qualifier 101. The timing logic 102 checks a predetermined pattern in phase with the circuit 111. Therefore it could simply signal the qualifier 101 on a line 102a during a sector header and the qualifier 101 could just read that part of signal which it could receive across a line 97b during such a sector header. The preferred embodiment, however, passes this signal from a line 97a through the timing logic 102 to the qualifier 101 across the line 102a during such sector headers. Either method would work. The qualifier 101 is enabled during a nonseeking mode, i.e. track following condition by a line 103. When enabled it detects whether the qualifier code embedded in the sector header (described above with reference to Figs. 4, 11) matches what is expected, and only if so, it enables a sample and hold gate 90 to pass the wobble signal to a low pass filter 99. The central aperture signal from the amplifier 108 is also supplied to left and right peak detectors 84, 85. These peak detectors are enabled by the timing logic 102 which enables the left peak detector 85 through an input 88, but only during a left window (time a left wobble signal would be present) and also enables the right peak detector 84 by a line 86 when a right window is present. Outputs of these peak detectors are supplied to a differential amplifier 89 whose output is supplied to the sample and hold gate 90, and allowed to pass as the "wobble signal' when "qualified" as explained in the previous paragraph. This wobble signal corrects the push-pull signal. To find the push-pull signal, anodes of the detector 80 are tied to the inputs of a differential amplifier 94, whose output at a line 95 is the push-pull signal. A high pass filter 109 and the low-pass filter 99 have the same "corner" (also called "break") frequencies thus allowing the components of the push-pull and wobble signals to merge, at that corner frequency. This resultant signal is a corrected tracking signal. This signal is then amplified by an amplifier 91 and supplied to track following logic 117 and servo control logic 115 to cause a servo mechanism 150 accurately to follow tracks. Mixing of the signals may be achieved via connection of lines 99a with 109a or by bringing a line 99b and the line 109a directly to the amplifier 91 as shown. When the seek status line 103 disables the qualifier 101, only the push-pull signal passes to the amplifier 91, providing the sinewave push-pull signal (Fig. 10 etc) used for track counting logic 116. The qualifier 101 may be eliminated from the circuit of Fig. 8 altogether if one is willing to sacrifice the redundancy it provides. A sample and hold gate, enabled on the occurrence of a header indicated by the timing logic 102 during a non-seek status indicated by the line 103, could be substituted. Use of a qualifier is preferred. It enables the system to shut down focusing, laser level and other adjustments in the event of a misreading as previously explained with reference to Fig. 4 etc. To employ the signals generated by discontinuities in the track headers for the corrected tracking signal, a track signal generator circuit according to the present invention and such as that described in Fig. 9 should be employed. In Fig. 9, the quad photodetector 80 is represented by a split panel, but the same general considerations as to its form apply to this circuit as they do to the detector 80 of Fig. 8. In the circuit of Fig. 9, the push-pull signal is also generated by a differential amplifier 60, each of the two inputs to this amplifier being responsive to a signal generated by either half of the detector 80. Lines 64, 65 are amplified jointly by an amplifier 61 to produce an amplified sum signal on a line 63a representative of the central aperture signal. This central aperture signal is supplied to synchronization and data demodulation circuitry 67 which in turn enables (via line 1) a first sample and hold gate 68 on the occurrence of and for approximately the duration of each discontinuity. The synchronization and data demodulation circuitry 67 anticipates the passage of a discontinuity by looking at the number of clock pulses between headers, as well as synchronization information which may be contained at the beginning of a track sector header as shown in Fig.11,for example. The synchronization and demodulation circuitry 67, may pass (on line 3) either the segment of the signal received by it which it interprets as a qualifier signal, or some larger portion of the synchronized signal to a qualifier 69 for a comparison. The qualifier 69 will not disable the output of an AND gate 75 unless there is a mismatch between the qualifier signal received from the circuitry 67 and the expected qualifier signal in the comparator of the qualifier 69. (This is a similar function to that of the qualifier 101 in Fig. 8). The circuitry 67 will send an enabling pulse on line 2 to the AND gate 75 for a length of duration equal to the size of the sector header length in the preferred embodiment, or at some other length sufficient to allow the push pull signal from the sample and hold gate 68 to pass through a second sample and hold gate 77, which is limited by this pulse on line 2. Of course, the AND gate 75 will be prevented from delivering an affirmative signal on a line 76 to the sample and hold gate 77 if a line 78 is low indicating that the drive unit is in track seeking mode rather than track following mode. Radial push-pull signal RPP from the differential amplifier 60, is supplied to an automatic gain control circuit 62 to provide a usable signal on the line 63. Without some kind of gain control the variance in the signal RPP caused by the presence of user data areas, non-written areas of track groove and blank areas would not provide a usable signal. Therefore, in the embodiments requiring it, automatic gain control may be accomplished in a number of ways as is known in the art, but for its application to this invention several limitations must be observed. No D.C. offsets can be introduced by the automatic gain control circuit and the variance in input voltages must be handled without distortion. (These limits on automatic gain control are not necessary for its application to the two servo byte embodiments). By way of illustration only, Fig. 12 is provided, showing a circuit 300 having matched pair of FETS (Field Effect Transistors) with positive voltage input to the circuit 300 at point D. It is stressed, however, that the form of automatic gain control circuit will vary considerably with the requirements of the system in which it is employed, but it is believed that the description just provided illustrates succinctly the best approach to the automatic gain control problem. The signal on the line 63, (the normalized push-pull signal) is a low frequency signal, held up by the sample and hold gate 68 unless the circuit 67 allows the sample and hold gate 68 to open by an enabling pulse on the line 1. This signal from sample and hold gate 68, if qualified by the qualifier 69, occurs during the time of passing of a sector header as determined by synchronization and data demodulation circuitry 67. If the machine is in a track following mode this signal may then be passed by the sample and hold gate 77. That is the sample and hold gate 77 is enabled by the AND gate 75. Resistors R1 and R2 can be used to adjust the signal appearing at line 79 so as to compensate for voltage differences between this signal and the signal at line 63 which may result from incomplete gain normalization by circuit 62 and the track groove geometry. The inputs from lines 79, 63 when fed into a differential amplifier 92 produce the offset corrected tracking signal on a line 93. Note that a third sample and hold gate (in ghost), could be added as an enhancement to limit the portion of the radial push pull signal which reaches the amplifier 92 on the line 63. This could be used to equalize the duration of the signals received by the amplifier 92 over lines 79 and 63 by making the "pass through" type operation of the three sample and hold gates depend on pulses from the synchronization and data demodulation circuitry 67. These pulses (on dotted line 4) might, for instance, be issued between written data pits. Where the device is used to count track crossing, (during track seeking) no output is permitted through the sample and hold gate 77. Hence, the output of the differential amplifier 92 may be used in a manner identical to the output of the amplifier 91 of Fig. 8. If synchronization is correct during seek, output can be permitted through the sample and hold gate 77, and the track count may still be found at the output of the differential amplifier 92. To describe the finding of the tracking signal in the radial push-pull signal from the servo byte formats described in Figs. 4A(i), 4B(i) and 4B(ii), reference should be had to Fig. 13 and 4A(i). Based on either timing or the detection of the servo pits in the first servo byte, signals S1 and S2, developed by a synchronization and data demodulation circuit 309, are provided to sample and hold gates 302 and 303 respectively, so that each may pass that portion of the radial push-pull signal to be sampled. The sample and hold gate 302 will pass the portion of the radial push-pull signal represented by the pre-groove which, for example, would correspond to the section length S1 of Fig. 4A(i). The sample and hold gate 303 responding to signal S2 would pass that portion of the radial push-pull signal representative of the blank or discontinuity portion of the second servo byte, by way of example section S2 in Fig. 4A(i). Because there is no indeterminate gain variance, that is, the difference in gain between the pre-groove area and the blank area will always be substantially the same, a fixed gain reduction 304 may be applied to the radial push-pull signal generated by the blank area. The two sampled portions are provided as input to differential amplifier 305 generating a corrected signal at line 306. If the proper qualifier does not appear in the data signal, signal Q1 developed by a qualifier 310 will not allow a sample and hold gate 307 to pass a tracking signal 308. Note that the use of the same detector 80 summing amplifier 61 and differential amplifier 60 is similar to their use in Fig. 9. A synchronization and data demodulation logic circuit 309 receives the sum signal from the amplifier 61 and works similarly to the circuitry 67 of Fig. 9, i.e. counting internal clock pulses between servo areas to provide said signals S1 and S2 and (through the qualifier 310) Q1. The clock pulses of circuit 309 are updated by timing pits rather than by a sine wave varying floor height. The circuit diagrams of Figs. 8, 9 and 13 produce offset corrected tracking signals from the preferred recording medium described. Note, for example, that resistors R1 and R2 of Fig. 9, which provide gain compensation, should be regarded only as an examplary circuit element pair. Also the output of the circuitry 67 could, for example, be input to a second AND gate instead of the AND gate 75 and the output of AND gate 75 could also be directed to the input of that second AND gate and the result would produce the same signal on line 76.

Claims: A record carrier (10) with an information layer (19) having optical detectable guide tracks (11,13) for the storage of data, said tracks (11,13) comprise longitudinally sectors with associated sector headers (44) provided with optically detectable clock synchronization patterns (45), optically detectable qualifier patterns (46) and track discontinuities (41) having a flat surface, the discontinuities, qualifier patterns and clock synchronisation patterns being located at predetermined positions within the sector headers. A record carrier as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that said information layer (19) is a reflective surface, said tracks (11,13) being defined by grooves situated between lands (14), said discontinuity (41) is a continuation of said lands across a portion of said groove thus forming a planar mirrored surface. A record carrier as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said header (44) comprises an address pattern including pits (47) so arranged and disposed to reveal the track and sector address of said header. A record carrier as claimed in any preceding Claim, characterized in that servo areas (310,311) are located along the track and between said headers, the servo areas comprising qualifier patterns (316,318), discontinuities (314) and clock synchronization patterns (317). A record carrier as claimed in any preceding Claim, characterized in that said qualifier pattern (316) in the servo areas comprises at least one pit located prior to said discontinuity (314), at a distance (S1) therefrom similar in size to the length (S2) of said discontinuity (314). A record carrier as claimed in any preceding Claim, characterized by including modulation code patterns (309,312) each of which is equivalent in length and represents a specific number of data bits dependent on the data modulation code of said record carrier. A record carrier as claimed in any preceding Claim, characterized in that the qualifier patterns comprising a pattern of data pits (316,318) which differs from the other patterns in the track. A record carrier as claimed in Claim 4, characterized in that said servo areas comprise a qualifier pattern comprising a pattern of wobbled pits (318) written to either side of said track, an unwritten area of track similar in size to the length of said discontinuity, said discontinuity (314) and said clocking synchronization pattern (317). A record carrier as claimed in Claim 4 or 8, characterized in that said servo areas are comprised of at least two servo bytes (310,311), each servo byte being equivalent in size to a data byte (309,312) on said record carrier, said qualifier pattern (313) being in the first servo byte (310) and said discontinuity (314) is in the second servo byte (211). A record carrier as claimed in Claim 9, characterized in that said second servo byte comprises said discontinuity (214) and said clocking synchronization pattern (317). An optical data read/write system for use in combination with a record carrier as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, said system comprising an optical system for directing a laser beam (52) towards the guide track, a detector (80) for detecting the laser beam (53) returned from the record carrier, a circuit (60) for deriving a push-pull tracking error signal on the basis of output signals (64,65) of the detector (80), a synchronisation circuit (67) for deriving timing signals on the basis of output signals of the detector (80) corresponding with clock synchronisation patterns, said timing signals indicating the time intervals of scanning the discontinuities, a qualifier signal checking circuit (69) for testing whether an output signal of the detector (80) matches with an expected signal corresponding with the qualifier pattern, sampling means (68) responsive to timing signals for sampling output signals of the detector (80) when the discontinuities are scanned by the laser beam, tracking error correction circuit (92) for correcting the push-pull tracking error on the basis of output signals of the sampling circuit (68), and enabling circuit (75,77) responsive to the qualifier detector (69) for enabling to pass the output signals of the sampling circuit (68) to the tracking error correction circuit (92). An optical record carrier (10) with an information layer having tracks for the storage of data, said tracks comprising servo areas (310,311) located in sectors, said servo areas include a first servo portion (310) having a first length, and a second servo portion (311) having a second length equal to said first length, said first servo portion having qualifier pattern (318), said qualifier pattern including a first wobble pit (318), a second wobble pit (318) and a first unpitted area and said second servo portion including a clock synchronization pattern (317), said clocking synchronization pattern including a clocking pit and a second unpitted area, said record carrier further including at least one user data area (309,312) wherein the positioning of said first pit, said second pit and said first unpitted area in said first servo portion (310), and said clocking pit (317) and said second unpitted area in said second servo portion (311) being different from the positioning of any other combination of pitted and unpitted areas in said user data areas (309,312). An optical data read/write system for use in combination with a record carrier as claimed in claim 12, said system comprising an optical system for directing a laser beam (52) towards the track, a detector (80) for detecting the laser beam (53) returned from the record carrier, a synchronisation circuit (111) for deriving timing signals on the basis of output signals of the detector (80) corresponding with clock synchronisation patterns, said timing signals indicating the time intervals of scanning the first and second offset pit, a qualifier signal checking circuit (101) for testing whether an output signal of the detector matches with an expected signal corresponding with the qualifier pattern, sampling means (90) responsive to timing signals and an output of the qualifier signal testing circuit (101) for sampling signals derived from output signals of the detector when the first and second offset pits are scanned by the laser beam (52), tracking circuit (91,99) for deriving a tracking error signal in dependence on output signals when the output signal tested by the qualifier signal testing circuit matches the expected signal of the sampling circuit (90).

Inventors: CONNELLY, KATHLEEN MARIE, GETREUER, KURT WALTER, HOFER, GREGORY VERNON, LEWIS, DAVID EARL, MCDONALD, JAMES CHARLES, SCHELL, DAVID LOUIS, SONNEVILLE, PIERRE ROBERT VALERE, VAN NIMWEGEN, CORNELIS JOHANNES MARIE, VERBOOM, JOHANNES JACOBUS
Applicants: N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN
Application year: 1986
Main classification: G11B7
IPC codes: G11B7