Liquid crystal display control device

Abstract: A liquid crystal display control device, in accordance with the present invention, for supplying a voltage signal to drive a liquid crystal display unit comprises a boosting sicruit, and a segment signal circuit and/or a common signal circuit. The boosting circuit includes a dc power supply first capacitor (C₁) connected between a plurality of first group switches (SW₁ and SW₃) and to be connected in parallel to said dc power supply when the first group switches are operated, a plurality of second group switches (SW₂ and SW₄), a second boosting capacitor (C₂) connected between the other polarity of the dc power supply and one end of the other switch (SW₄) of the second group switches. One (SW₂) of the second group switches is connected between one polarity of the power supply and one end of the first capacitor. A third electronic switching means (SW₅) is connected to the boosting circuit in parallel to the second capacitor for discharging the voltage charged in the second capacitor. Therefore, a voltage signal having a predetermined amplitude and polarity for driving the LCD display unit is charged in the second capacitor when the first and second switches are selectively operated and it is discharged when a power interruption occurs.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control device for a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, in particular, to an LCD device which is capable of preventing erroneous display that tends to be generated at the time of disconnecting the power supply. Description of the Prior Art A tendency exists in recent semiconductor devices to attempt to reduce the power consumption by stopping the feeding of power to the circuits that are not in operation. For instance, among LCD devices for displaying desired content on the display unit, which receives the voltage necessary for driving the LCD from a boosting circuit that uses a capacitor and supplies the voltage to the LCD to be driven through operation of a plurality of switches, there are some that disconnects the power supply when there is no need to have a continued display of the content, in order to reduce the power consumption. However, in such an LCD device, discharge of a charged capacitor requires a certain length of time and the switches behave unstably due to temporary uncontrollability of the switches. Because of this, an LCD in the nonlighting condition is converted to the lighting condition, for example, due to the residual voltage in the capacitor. Therefore, there arises an inconvenience in which there is temporarily displayed on the display unit a content which is different from what had been displayed before the power supply was disconnected. It means that there will be a problem, in particular when a display device or the like is constructed by using LCD. This is because when the power supply for the LCD is interrupted frequently, the above inconvenience will arise for each time the power supply is disconnected, giving displeasure to the use of the device. Such a prior art control device for a liquid crystal display unit is disclosed e.g. in US-A-4 186 436 which is the starting point for the present invention and acknowledged in the preamble of claim 1. Consequently, an object of the present invention is to provide an LCD control device which is capable of stably and quickly erasing the display content at the time of discontinuation of the power supply to the LCD device. Another object of the present invention is to provide an LCD control device which is capable of preventing erroneous display at the time of discontinuation of the power supply to the LCD device. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an LCD control device which is capable of quickly erasing the display content without displaying a content which is different from the content that has been displayed on the LCD panel until the time of interruption of the power supply to the LCD device. An LCD control device in accordance with the present invention is for supplying to an LCD a voltage necessary for driving the LCD unit. Such a control device comprises a boosting circuit having a dc power supply, charging and discharging means, feeding means for supplying to the liquid crystal display unit a voltage which is necessary to drive the liquid crystal display unit by controlling the charge and discharge of said charging and discharging means, and switching means for discharging the charges that are accumulated in said charging and discharging means, and is characterized in that said switching means is a separate switch which is connected across the output of said boosting circuit and which, upon a power interruption, is controlled to be closed for discharging said charging and discharging means. Said feeding means preferably comprises a first switch, a second switch, a third switch and a fourth switch, said charging and discharging means comprises a first capacitor and a second boosting capacitor, the first capacitor is connected between the first and second switch so as to be connected in parallel with said dc power supply by the action of the first and second switch, the third switch is connected between one end of said dc power supply and one end of said charging and discharging means and the second capacitor is connected between the other end of said dc power supply and one end of the fourth switch. In addition, said seperate switch may be connected in parallel with said second capacitor for discharging the charges accumulated in the second capacitor. Further developments of the invention are indicated in claims 4 to 12. These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a circuit diagram which shows the boosting circuit of an LCD control device embodying the present invention; Figure 2 illustrates the time charts of the operation of the boosting circuit shown in Fig. 1; Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the segment signal circuit for switching the boosting voltage that is output from the boosting circuit of the LCD control device embodying the present invention; Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the common signal circuit for switching the boosting voltage that is output from the boosting circuit of the LCD control device embodying the present invention; Figure 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the segment signal circuit and the common signal circuit shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively; Figure 6 is a circuit diagram which shows the boosting circuit for a second embodiment of the LCD control device in accordance with the present invention; Figure 7 is a circuit diagram which shows the boosting circuit for a third embodiment of the LCD control device in accordance with the present invention; Figure 8 is a circuit diagram which shows the boosting circuit for a fourth embodiment of the LCD control device in accordance with the present invention; Figure 9 is a circuit diagram which shows the segment and common signal circuits for a fifth embodiment of the LCD control device in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram which shows the segment and common signal circuits for a sixth embodiment of the LCD control device in accordance with the present invention; and Fig. 11 is a circuit diagram which shows the segment and common signal circuits for a seventh embodiment of the LCD control device in accordance with the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, the boosting circuit for the LCD control device embodying the present invention is shown with reference numeral 1. The boosting circuit 1 is a device for supplying a voltage which is necessary for driving the LCD that forms a display unit, and outputs a voltage of -5V with negative polarity with respect to the electromotive force of a voltage source 3 by the use of the voltage source 3 with electromotive force +5V, for example. The positive electrode of the voltage source 3 is connected to the V DD terminal and the negative terminal is connected to the V SS1 terminal, and a switch SW₁ and a switch SW₂ that are connected in series are connected to the voltage source 3 in parallel. To the junction (called "point A" hereafter) of the switch SW₁ and the switch SW₂ is connected one end of a capacitor C₁, and to the other end (called "point B" hereafter) of the capacitor C₁ is connected one end of a switch SW₃ whose the other end is connected to the V SS1 terminal as well as one end of a switch SW₄ whose the other end is connected to the V SS2 terminal. Further, a boosting capacitor C₂ is connected between the V DD terminal and the V SS2 terminal, and a switch SW₅ for short-circuiting both ends of the boosting circuit C₂ is connected in parallel with the boosting capacitor C₂, in order to discharge the voltage accumulated in the boosting capacitor C₂. Next, the operation of the boosting circuit 1 shown in Fig. 1 will be described by referring to Fig. 2. In Fig. 2, first at time t₁ the switch SW₁ and the switch SW₃ are in conducting state while the switch SW₂, the switch SW₄, and the switch SW₅ for short-circuiting are in nonconducting state. At the same time, one end, point A, of the capacitor C₁ is connected to the V DD terminal via the switch SW₁ while the other end, point B, of the capacitor C₁ is connected to the V SS1 terminal via the switch SW₃. In such a state, the capacitor C₁ is charged by the voltage of +5V with the point A side as positive and the point B side as negative. Further, the voltage level of the V SS2 terminal becomes indeterminate because of the nonconducting state of the switch SW₄ and the switch SW₅. Next, at time t₂, the switch SW₁ and the SW₃ change from the conducting state to the nonconducting state, the switch SW₂ and the switch SW₄ change from the nonconducting state to the conducting state, and one end, point A, of the capacitor C₁ is connected to the V SS1 terminal via the switch SW₂ while the other end, point B, of the capacitor C₁ is connected to the V SS2 terminal via the switch SW₄. Therefore, in such a state, the voltage of the point A changes from +5V to OV so that the voltage of the point B is pressed down from OV to -5V, and a voltage of -5V is output at the V SS2 terminal. Then, a voltage of +5V is impressed to one end which is connected on the V DD terminal side of the boosting capacitor C₂, and a voltage of -5V is impressed on the other end which is connected on the V SS2 terminal side. Therefore, a voltage of 10V is charged on the boosting capacitor C₂, with its one end positive and the other end negative. Next, at time t₃, the switch SW₁ and the switch SW₃ change from the nonconducting state to the conducting state while the switch SW₂ and the switch SW₄ change from the conducting state to the nonconducting state, which are the same conditions as at time t₁. Here again, a voltage of +5V is charged with the point A side of the capacitor C₁ positive and its point B side negative. Then, although the switch SW₄ is in the nonconducting state in this condition, the voltage that was charged on the boosting capacitor C₂ at time t₂, as represented by the dotted line in Fig. 2, is held dynamically as is so called, such that the V SS2 terminal will be held at approximately -5V. After time t₄, the situations at times t₂ and t₃ are repeated, and a voltage of -5V is output at the V SS2 terminal, making it possible to obtain a voltage of -5V of negative polarity with respect to the voltage source 3 with an electromotive force +5V. Figure 3 illustrates the construction of the segment signal circuit that gives to the LCD segment voltage necessary for driving the LCD, by switching the voltage that is output from the boosting circuit. Figure 4 illustrates the construction of the common signal circuit that gives to the LCD common voltage necessary for driving the LCD, by switching the voltage that is output from the boosting circuit 1. Figure 5 is a diagram for illustrating the operation of the segment signal circuit and the common signal circuit shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. In Fig. 3, the segment signal circuit is constructed by switch SW₆ through switch SW₁₁. To one end (called "point C" hereafter) of the switch SW₆ whose the other end is connected to the V DD terminal of the boosting circuit 1, there are connected one end of the switch SW₇ whose the other end is connected to the V SS1 terminal of the boosting circuit, as well as one end of the switch SW₁₀ whose the other end is connected to the segment terminal. Moreover, to one end (called "point D" hereafter) of the switch SW₉ whose the other end is connected to the V SS2 terminal of the boosting circuit 1, there are connected one end of the switch SW₈ whose the other end is connected to the V SS1 terminal, as well as one end of the switch SW₁₁ whose the other end is connected to the segment terminal. By appropriately closing and opening the switches SW₆ through SW₁₁ that are connected in the above manner, each of the output voltages +5V, 0V, and -5V of the boosting circuit 1 is arranged to be output from the segment terminal. In Fig. 4, the common signal circuit is constructed by switches SW₁₂ through SW₁₇. To one end (called "point E" hereafter) of the switch SW₁₂ whose the other end is connected to the V DD terminal of the boosting circuit 1, there are connected one end of the switch SW₁₃ whose the other end is connected to the V SS1 terminal of the boosting circuit 1, as well as one end of the switch SW₁₆ whose the other end is connected to the common terminal. Further, to one end (called "point F" hereafter) of the switch SW₁₅ whose the other end is connected to the V SS2 terminal of the boosting circuit 1, there are connected one end of the switch SW₁₄ whose the other end is connected to the V SS1 terminal of the boosting circuit 1, as well as one end of the switch SW₁₇ whose the other end is connected to the common terminal. Through appropriate closing and opening of the switches SW₁₂ through SW₁₇ that are connected as in the above, there can be output from the common terminal each of the output voltages +5V, 0V, and -5V of the boosting circuit 1. Next, referring to Fig. 5, the operation of the segment signal circuit shown in Fig. 3 and of common signal circuit shown in Fig. 4 will be described. The opening and closing at each of the times t₁ through t₇ of the switches SW₆ through SW₁₁ of the segment signal circuit and the switches SW₁₂ through SW₁₇ of the common signal circuit are controlled, for example, as shown by the figure, and the voltage that is output from the common terminal is varied with fixed cycle, for example, as +5V → 0V → -5V → 0V → +5V. By varying the segment terminal voltage in response to the common terminal voltage through charge of the voltage between the common and the segment terminals, lighting and nonlighting of the LCD can be accomplished. For example, at time t₁, the switches SW₁₂, SW₁₅, and SW₁₆ of the common signal circuit are in the conducting state while the switches SW₁₃, SW₁₄, and SW₁₇ are in the nonconducting state, so that the common terminal is connected to the V DD terminal via the switches SW₁₂ and SW₁₆ and a voltage of +5V is output on the common terminal. On the other hand, the switches SW₆, SW₉, and SW₁₁ of the segment signal circuit are in the conducting state while the switches SW₇, SW₈, and SW₁₀ are in the nonconducting state, so that the segment terminal is connected to the V SS2 terminal via the switches SW₉ and SW₁₁ and a voltage of -5V is output on the segment terminal. Consequently, the voltage between the segment and the common terminals becomes 10V, which is supplied (to the LCD to light up the LCD. Hext, at time t₂,) for example, the switches SW₁₂ and SW₁₅ of the common signal circuit are changed from the conducting state to the nonconducting state while the switches SW₁₃ and SW₁₄ of the some circuit are changed from the nonconducting state to the conducting state, so that the common terminal is connected to the V SS1 terminal via the switches SW₁₃ and SW₁₆ and the common terminal voltage becomes OV. On the other hand, the switches SW₆ and SW₉ of the segment signal circuit are changed from the conducting state to the nonconducting state while the switches SW₇ and SW₈ of the same circuit are changed from the nonconducting state to the conducting state, so that the segment terminal is connected to the V SS1 terminal and the segment terminal voltage becomes OV. Consequently, the voltage between the segment and the common terminals becomes OV and the LCD will find itself in the nonlighting condition. Analogous situations taking place for time to and thereafter, desired display can be accomplished by realizing the lighting and nonlighting conditions for the LCD according to the following manner. Namely, the LCD is brought to a lighting condition by generating a voltage of 10V between the segment and the common terminals through control of the opening and closing of each of the switches SW₆ through SW₁₇ of the segment signal circuit and the common signal circuit. Similarly, the LCD may be brought to a nonlighting condition by adjusting to have a voltage of 0V impressed between the segment and the common terminals through control of the opening and closing of each of the switches SW₆ through SW₁₇. When the power supply of an LCD control device constructed as above is disconnected, the switches SW₆ through SW₁₇ may become uncontrollable temporarily and behave unstably. However, even under such a condition, by changing the switch SW₅ from the nonconducting state to the conducting state by means of a control signal, such as a power supply shut-off signal or a display erasure instruction signal both ends of the boosting capacitor C₂ that is connected in parallel with the switch SW₅ can be short-circuited and the charge that was accumulated on the boosting capacitor C₂ will be discharged. Therefore, between the segment terminal and the common terminal there will not be output a residual voltage, such as the voltage of 10V which is necessary for lighting up the LCD. Therefore, when the power supply is disconnected the content which has been displayed can be erased without, for example, switching of the nonlighting condition of the LCD to the lighting condition with the temporary display of a content which is different from the content that has been displayed on the display until until that time. Figure 6 shows the boosting circuit of the LCD control device for a second embodiment of the invention. A special feature of the circuit is to connect a MOS type P-channel transistor in parallel with the boosting capacitor C₂ of the boosting circuit 1 shown in Fig. 1. It discharges the charges that were accumulated on the boosting capacitor C₂ by short-circuiting both ends of the boosting capacitor C₂ through conversion of the P-channel transistor from the nonconducting condition to the conducting condition by the use of the same control signal that is used for controlling the switch SW₅. Therefore, by constructing the circuit as in the above it becomes possible to obtain effects that are similar to those of the first embodiment. In the above, the component with the same symbol as in Fig. 1 signifies the same item, and its description has been omitted. Figure 7 shows the boosting circuit of the LCD control device for a third embodiment of the present invention. In contrast to the boosting circuit 1 shown in Fig. 1 which outputs a boosted voltage of negative polarity with respect to the voltage source 3, the boosting circuit 1' shown in Fig. 7 outputs a boosted voltage of positive polarity with respect to the voltage source 3. The boosting circuit 1' is constituted by a switch SW₃ connected between the V DD1 terminal and one end (called "point B'" hereafter) of the capacitor C₁ which is connected to one end of the switch SW₄, a boosting capacitor C₂' which is connected between the other end of the switch SW₄ that is connected to the V DD2 terminal side and the V SS terminal, and a switch SW₅' which is connected in parallel with the boosting capacitor C₂'. The components with the same symbols as in Fig. 1 represent the same items as in Fig. 1, and the explanation on them is omitted. In a boosting circuit 1' of the above construction, first, the switch SW₂ and the switch SW₃' are in the conducting state, the switch SW₁ and the switch SW₄ are in the nonconducting state, and the capacitor C₁ is charged to a voltage of +5V with negative charge on the point A side and positive charge on the point B' side. Next, the switch SW₁ and the switch SW₄ are changed from the nonconducting state to the conducting state, and the switch SW₂ and the switch SW₃' are changed from the conducting state to the nonconducting state. By raising the voltage at point A from OV to +5V, the voltage at point B' is raised from +5V to +10V, which changes the boosting capacitor C₂' to a voltage of +10V and the boosted voltage of +10V is output at the V DD2 terminal. Then, when the power supply to the LCD device is disconnected the switch SW₅' of the boosting circuit 1', analogous to the switch SW₅ of the boosting circuit 1, changes from the nonconducting state to the conducting state, and the charges accumulated on the boosting capacitor C₂' are discharged by the short-circuiting of both ends of the boosting capacitor C₂'. Therefore, also in the case of driving the LCD by the use of the boosting circuit 1' that outputs a boosting voltage of positive polarity with respect to the voltage source 3, it becomes possible when the power supply to the LCD device is disconnected to obtain similar effects as in the first embodiment, through connection of the switch SW₅' in parallel with the boosting capacitor C₂' of the boosting circuit 1'. Figure 8 shows the boosting circuit of the LCD control device relating to a fourth embodiment of the invention. A special feature of the device is to connect a MOS type N-channel transistor 11 in parallel with the boosting capacitor C2' of the boosting circuit 1' shown in Fig. 7. When the power supply to the LCD device is disconnected, the N-channel transistor 11 is changed from the nonconducting state to the conducting state by means of the same controlling signal that is used for controlling the switch SW₅', to discharge the charges accumulated on the boosting capacitor C₂' by short-circuiting both ends of the boosting capacitor C₂'. By constructing the device as in the above it becomes possible to obtain the same effects as in the first embodiment. In the above, the components with the same symbols as in Fig. 7 represent the same items explanation of which has been omitted. Figure 9 shows the LCD control device relating to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. A special feature of the device consists in connecting a switch SW₁₈ between the segment terminal of the segment signal circuit shown in Fig. 3 and the common terminal of the common signal circuit shown in Fig. 4. When the power supply to the LCD device is disconnected, the voltage between the segment and the common terminals is made to be less than the voltage for realizing display by liquid crystal, by connecting the segment terminal and the common terminal through change of the switch SW₁₈ to the conducting state. With this construction, it becomes possible to erase the content that had been displayed, without displaying a content which is different from what has been displayed on the LCD control device. Figure 10 shows the LCD control device relating to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. A special feature of the device is that there is connected a MOS type P-channel transistor 13 between the segment terminal and the common terminal as means of short-circuiting the segment terminal and the common terminal at the time of disconnection of the power supply to the LCD device. When the power supply is disconnected, the voltage between the segment and the common terminals is arranged to be reduced to a value which is less than the voltage required for realizing a display by liquid crystal, by changing the P-channel transistor from the nonconducting state to the conducting state. With such a construction, effects that are similar to the fifth embodiment will become possible to be obtained. Figure 11 shows the LCD Control device relating to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. A special feature of the device is that there is connected a MOS type N-channel transistor 15 between the segment terminal and the common terminal as means of short-circuiting the segment and the common terminals at the time of disconnection of the power supply to the LCD device. When the power supply is disconnected, the voltage between the segment and the common terminals is arranged to be reduced to a value which is loss than the voltage required for realizing a display by liquid crystal, by changing the N-channel transistor from the nonconducting state to the conducting state. With such a construction, effects that are similar to the fifth embodiment will become possible to be obtained. It should be noted that although the boosting circuit described in the first and the third embodiments is one that outputs a boosted voltage which is twice as large the voltage of the voltage source, it is of course possible according to the present invention to obtain similar effects by the use of an LCD device which uses a boosting circuit that outputs a boosting voltage that is 2+N (N ≧ 1) times that of the power supply. In summary, according to the present invention, it is arranged, when disconnecting the power supply, to discharge quickly the charges that were accumulated on the capacitor for obtaining a voltage that is necessary to drive and display liquid crystal, by carrying out charging and discharging through control of feeding. Therefore, it is possible to provide an LCD control device which is capable, at the time of disconnection of the power supply, of quickly erasing the displayed content, without displaying a content which is different from what has been displayed on the liquid display panel.

Claims: A control device for a liquid crystal display unit, comprising: a boosting circuit (1) having a dc power supply (3), charging and discharging means (C₁ and C₂), feeding means (SW₁, SW₂, SW₃, and SW₄) for supplying to the liquid crystal display unit a voltage which is necessary to drive the liquid crystal display unit by controlling the charge and discharge of said charging and discharging means, and switching means for discharging the charges that are accumulated in said charging and discharging means, characterized in that said switching means is a separate switch (SW₅) which is connected across the output of said boosting circuit (1) and which, upon a power interruption, is controlled to be closed for discharging said charging and discharging means (C₁ and C₂). A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said feeding means comprises a first switch (SW₁), a second switch (SW₃), a third switch (SW₂) and a fourth switch (SW₄), said charging and discharging means comprises a first capacitor (C₁) and a second boosting capacitor (C₂), the first capacitor is connected between the first and second switch (SW₁; SW₃) so as to be connected in parallel with said dc power supply by the action of the first and second switch (SW₁, SW₃), the third switch (SW₂) is connected between one end of said dc power supply and one end of said charging and discharging means and the second capacitor is connected between the other end of said dc power supply and one end of the fourth switch (SW₄). A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said separate switch (SW₅) is connected in parallel with said second capacitor C₂) for discharging the charges accumulated in the second capacitor. A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said second boosting capacitor C₂) is connected between the positive electrode terminal (+) of said dc power supply and one end of said fourth switch (SW₄) for obtaining an LCD control device with a negative polarity output voltage. A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said second boosting capacitor (C₂) is connected between the negative electrode terminal (-) of said dc power supply and one end of said fourth switch (SW₄) for obtaining an LCD control device with a positive polarity output voltage. A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claims 4 or 5, wherein said separate switch (SW₅) is a MOS type P-channel transistor (9). A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claims 3 or 5, wherein said separate switch (SW₅) is a MOS type N-channel transistor (11). A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 3, further characterized by a segment signal circuit for producing a necessary segment voltage so as to drive the LCD display unit, said segment signal circuit having a first group of switching means (SW₆ and SW₉), a second group of switching means (SW₇ and SW₈), each input terminal of which is connected to a respective output terminal of said boosting circuit, and a third group of switching means (SW₁₀ and SW₁₁) which are connected between said first and second groups of switching means on the one hand and the output terminal (5) of said segment signal circuit on the other hand, and which is selectively turned ON and OFF in accordance with predetermined first conditions of operation, so as to produce a segment terminal voltage therefrom. A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 3, further characterized by a common signal circuit for producing a necessary common voltage so as to drive the LCD display unit, said common signal circuit having a first group of switching means (SW₁₂ and SW₁₅), a second group of switching means (SW₁₃ and SW₁₄), each of the input terminals of which is connected to a respective output terminal of said boosting circuit, and a third group of switching means (SW₁₆ and SW₁₇) which are connected between said first and second groups of switching means on the one hand and the output terminal (7) of said common signal circuit on the other hand, and which is selectively turned ON and OFF in accordance with predetermined second conditions of operation, so as to produce a common terminal signal therefrom. A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claims 8 and 9, wherein the output terminals (5, 7) of said segment signal circuit and said common signal circuit are connected to each other through electronic switching means (SW₁₈), so as to reduce the voltage between the segment terminal and the common terminal below a possible enable voltage for energizing the LCD display unit when the electronic switching means is activated. A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 10, wherein said electronic switching means (SW₁₈) is either a MOS type P-channel transistor (13) or a MOS type N-channel transistor (15). A liquid crystal display control device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a voltage signal having a predetermined amplitude and polarity for driving the LCD display unit is charged in said second capacitor (C₂) when said first, second, third and fourth switches are selectively operated and is discharged when a power interruption occurs.

Inventors: IWAMOTO YOSHIHIRO TOSHIBA TAMA, IWAMOTO, YOSHIHIRO TOSHIBA TAMAGAWAKOUJO
Applicants: TOSHIBA KK, KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Application year: 1986
Main classification: G09G3
IPC codes: G09G3, G02F1