STARTING AND OPERATING APPARATUS OF HIGH-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP CAPABLE OF BATTERY VOLTAGE COMPENSATION

Abstract: In a starting and operating apparatus of a high-­ pressure discharge lamp of the invention, power is supplied to a heater (28) provided in a high-pressure discharge lamp (26) from a battery (l8). The battery (l8) is charged by a charger (l2). The charger (l2) is driven by a power section (l4). The power section (l4) is started by an ON operation of a switch (l6). The switch (l6) is turned on/off synchronously with the operation of a control switch (32). The control switch (32) allows power supply from the battery (l8) to the heater (28) when it is turned on. Therefore, while power is supplied to the heater (28), the battery (l8) is always charged by the charger (l2) and the voltage of the battery (l8) will not be lowered.

Description: The present invention relates to an apparatus for starting and operating a high-pressure discharge lamp and, more particular!y, to an apparatus comprising a heater for heating a high-pressure discharge lamp, and a battery for supplying power to the lamp and the heater. A high-pressure discharge lamp has a light-emitting tube filled with a starting rare gas such as mercury or metal halide. A high-voltage pulse is applied to the lamp, whereby the light-emitting tube emits light. The output luminous flux of the lamp increases but slowly since the mercury or metal halide sealed in the tube has not sufficiently evapolated. It usually takes the luminous flux several minutes to reach a desired value. To solve this problem, a heater can be used to heat the light-emitting tube. When the tube is heated, the mercury or metal halide will quickly evaporate, whereby the luminous flux increases fast upon starting the lamp. Meanwhile, high-pressure discharge lamps have been made smaller and smaller, and are now used as battery-­ driven portable lamp units such as a video light and an automobile head light. However, when a heater is used in such a battery-­ driven portable lamp unit to heat the light-emitting tube, the battery voltage is lowered very soon since the heater consumes much power. Once the battery voltage has fallen too much, the discharge lamp can no longer remain on. Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for staring and operatng a high-pressure discharge lamp by using a battery as a power source, which has a heater for heating the light-­ emitting tube of the lamp, thereby fast increasing the output luminous flux of the lamp without lowering the voltage of the battery in a short time. According to the invention, there is provided an apparatus for starting and operating a high-pressure discharge lamp, which comprises a high-pressure discharge lamp charging means for generating a charging voltage, a battery connected to the charging means and capable of being recharged by the charging voltage, starting and operating means, having an input end connected to the battery and an output end connected to said high-pressure discharge lamp, for generating a predetermined starting output in order to start and maintain an ON state of the high-pressure discharge lamp, a heater, provided in the high-pressure discharge lamp, for heating said high-pressure discharge lamp, and heater control means, provided between the heater and the battery, for controlling power supply of the heater by the battery, the heater control means enabling power supply of the heater by the battery at least while the charging means operates. This invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. l is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, i.e., an apparatus for staring and operating a high-pressure discharge lamp; Figs. 2A to 2C are timing charts showing the opera­ tion timings of the components of the apparatus shown in Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the invention; Figs. 4A to 4C are timing charts showing operation timings of the respective components of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a third embodment of the present invention; Figs. 6A to 6C are timing charts showing operation timings of the respective components of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of the present invention; Figs. 9A to 9F are waveform charts indicating a relationship among a heating temperature state of the respective discharge lamps, the ON/OFF state of the respective discharge lamps, and the current states of the respective heaters, of the fifth embodiment, each showing all OFF (I), partially ON (II), and all ON (III) states of the discharge lamps, wherein partially ON (I) and all ON (II) further show insufficient heating ((l)) and sufficient heating ((2)) by the heater; Fig. l0 is a circuit diagram of a sixth embodiment of the present invention; Figs. llA and llB are graphs showing characteris­ tics of the lamp current and the heater current of the sixth embodiment; Fig. l2 is a circuit diagram of a seventh embodi­ ment of the present invention; and Figs. l3A to l3H are timing charts showing opera­ tion timings of the respective components of Fig. l2, each showing sufficient heating (I) and insuf­ ficient heating (II). Fig. l shows an arrangement of a starting and operating apparatus of a high-pressure discharge lamp according to a first embodiment of the present inven­ tion. Charger l2 consisting of generator l2a and rectifier l2b is driven by power section l4, such as an automobile engine. Power section l4 is started by operation of switch l6, such as an automobile ignition switch. Charger l2 is connected to battery l8. Battery l8 is connected to starting and operating circuit 20 through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22, and coil 22c of first relay 22 through operation switch 24. Starting and operating circuit 20 is connected to light-emitting tube 25 provided in high-pressure discharge lamp 26. Starting and operating circuit 20 is a known circuit. When circuit 20 is connected to battery l8, its internal starter (not shown) is operated to supply a high-voltage pulse to light-emitting tube 25. When light-emitting tube 25 starts to be turned on, the starter is stopped and the ON state of light-­ emitting tube 25 is maintained. Heater 28 is provided near light-emitting tube 25 to heat tube 25. Heater 28 is connected in turn to battery l8 through normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30. Battery l8 is also connected to coil 30c of second relay 30 through control switch 32. Control switch 32 is linked to switch l6. When switch l6 is operated to drive power section l4, the contact of switch 32 is turned on. More specifically, second relay 30 and switch 32 constitute a control means for stopping power supply from battery l8 to heater 28 when charging from charger l2 to battery l8 is stopped. Therefore, in the first embodiment having the above arrangement, power section l4 is not driven unless switch l6 is operated. Thus, as shown in Fig. 2A, charger l2 does not operate at this time, and battery l8 is not charged. In this state, when operation switch 24 is turned on, power is supplied to coil 22c of first relay 22. Normally-open contact 22a of relay 22 is thus closed, battery l8 is connected to starting and operating cir­ cuit 20, and light-emitting tube 25 provided in high-pressure discharge lamp 26 is turned on, as shown in Fig. 2B. In this case, however, control switch 32 maintains the OFF state, and power is not supplied to heater l8, as shown in Fig. 2C. As described above, when battery l8 is not charged by charger l2, power is not supplied to heater 28, and excessive power consumption by battery l8 is prevented. When switch l6 is operated, power section l4 is driven, and charger l2 is operated to start charging battery l8, as shown in Fig. 2A. Since switch 32 is turned on in synchronism with the operation of switch l6, power is supplied to coil 30c of second relay 30. As a result, normally-open contact 30a of relay 30 is closed, and power is supplied from battery l8 to heater 28, as shown in Fig. 2C. Light-emitting tube 25 provided in high-pressure discharge lamp 26 is heated thereupon, and evaporation of a material sealed in light-emitting tube 25 is promoted. Thereafter, as shown in Fig. 2B, when switch 24 is operated to turn on discharge lamp 26, light-emitting tube 25 is started with a high rate of increase in luminous flux. Thereafter, when switch l6 is turned off, power section l4 and charger l2 are stopped, and power supply from charger l2 to battery l8 is stopped. At this time, control switch 32 is turned off in synchronism there­ with, and power supply to coil 30c of second relay 30 is stopped. As a result, normally-open contact 30a of relay 30 is opened, and power supply to heater 28 is stopped. In this manner, since heater 28 is powered while battery l8 is charged by charger l2, the voltage of battery l8 is not decreased even if power consumption is increased, and the ON state of discharge lamp 26 is not disturbed by voltage drop of battery l8. The apparatus of this invention, described above, is advantageous particularly when it is used to start and operate a high-pressure discharge lamp used as an automobile head light. The output luminous flux of a head light must quickly increase as the car starts traveling. The heater of the apparatus is turned on when the automobile engine is started, and remains on until the engine is stopped, and the luminous flux fast increases at the start of the car. Since the heater is on after the start of the engine, and charger l2 charges battery l8 from the moment the engine is started, the voltage of the battery does not fall due to the power consumption of the heater. Other embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same parts as in Fig. l, and a detailed description thereof is omitted. Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The arrangement of Fig. 3 is different from that of Fig. l in the following points. Namely, in Fig. 3, heater 28 is connected in series with battery l8 through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22 and normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30, and coil 30c of relay 30 is connected in series with battery l8 through contact 22a of relay 22 and control switch 32. With this arrangement, even when switch l6 is operated to enable charger l2, as shown in Fig. 4A, and charging from charger l2 to battery l8 is started, heater 28 is not immediately powered since contact 22a of relay 22 is open at this time. When operation switch 24 is turned on for turning on discharge lamp 26, relay 22 is energized in the above manner to connect starting and operating circuit 20 to battery l8, and discharge lamp 26 is started, as shown in Fig. 4B. In this case, second relay 30 is also energized in the above manner since control switch 32 is already turned on, and heater 28 is connected to battery l8. In this manner, power supply to heater 28 is started in synchronism with starting of discharge lamp 26, as shown in Fig. 4C. Discharge lamp 26 is heated to a certain degree by heater 28, and the rate of increase in its luminous flux is improved. In the second embodi­ ment, battery l8 is charged by charger l2, and heater 28 is powered only while discharge lamp 26 is turned on by starting and operating circuit 20. Therefore, power saving property is better than in the first embodiment described above. In the second embodiment as well, power supply to heater 28 is started when battery l8 is charged by charger l2, and the same effect as in the first embodi­ ment can be obtained. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement of a third embodiment, which is different from the first embodiment shown in Fig. l in the following points. Namely, in Fig. 5, a series circuit of coil 34c of third relay 34 and npn transistor 36 is connected to battery l8 through normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30, coil 30c of relay 30 is connected in series with battery l8 through control switch 32 and normally-closed contact 34b of relay 34, and time-constant circuit 38, having an output end connected to the base of transistor 36, is provided. Time-constant circuit 38 starts operation in synchronism with starting and operating circuit 20, and outputs a high-level signal to the base of transistor 36 when predetermined period of time t has elapsed. Time t set in time-constant circuit 38 is substantially equal to the time required for discharge lamp 26 to reach a stable ON state after it is started. In the third embodiment having the above arrange­ ment, as shown in Fig. 6A, when switch l6 is operated and charging of battery l8 by charger l2 is started, power supply to heater 28 is started in synchronism therewith, as shown in Fig. 6C. Thereafter, when opera­ tion switch 24 is turned on, starting and operating circuit 20 is operated, and discharge lamp 26 is turned on, as shown in Fig. 6B. When time t has elapsed, i.e., when discharge lamp 26 is started and set in the stable ON state, transistor 36 is turned on by an output from time-constant circuit 38. Then, third relay 34 is energized, and its normally-closed contact 34b is opened. This stops energization of second relay 30, its normally-open contact 30a is opened, and power supply to heater 28 is stopped, as shown in Fig. 6C. According to the third embodiment, when discharge lamp 26 is set in the stable ON state and heating by heater 28 is not required, power supply to heater 28 can be stopped. Therefore, excessive power consumption can be prevented to achieve power saving, and abnormal heating of discharge lamp 26 by heater 28 can be prevented. In the third embodiment as well, power supply to heater 28 is started when battery l8 is charged by charger l2, and the same effect as in the first embodi­ ment can be obtained. In the third embodiment, time-constant circut 38 is used to measure the transition timing of discharge lamp 26 to the stable ON state in terms of time. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A temperature in the vicinity of discharge lamp 26 or heater 28 can be detected to detect the transition timing of discharge lamp 26 to the stable ON state. Alternatively, since the amount of power supplied to heater 28 is changed depending on temperature, a change in power supply amount can be detected to detect the transition timing of discharge lamp 26 to the stable ON state. It will be understood with ease that the arrange­ ment consisting of second relay 34, transistor 36, and time-constant circuit 38, as described in the third embodiment, can be applied to the second embodiment. Fig. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment exemplifies a case wherein the present invention is applied to a unit, such as a video light, which can be used outdoor. More specifically, charger 40 consisting of transformer 40a and rectifying diode 40b is used in place of a charger comprising a generator, as in the first embodiment. AC power source 42 is connected to the primary winding of transformer 40a through power switch 44, and battery l8 is connected to the secondary winding of transformer 40a through diode 40b. Control switch 32 is turned on/off in response to the ON/OFF operation of switch 44. In the fourth embodiment as well, when switch 44 is turned on to start charging battery l8, control switch 32 is turned on, and second relay 30 is energized to start power supply to heater 28. In the fourth embodiment having the above arrangement as well, battery l8 is always charged when heater 28 is powered, and high pressure discharge lamp 26 is heated by heater 28, so that the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained. Fig. 8 shows an arrangement of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which exemplifies a case wherein a plurality of high pressure discharge lamps, such as high-beam lamps of automobile head light, are to be turned on. More specifically, battery l8 is connect­ ed to a series circuit of coil 22c of first relay 22 and first switch 24a of first operation switch 24. Battery l8 is also connected to first starting and operating circuit 20 through normally-open contact 22a of relay 22. Starting and operating circuit 20 is connected to light-emitting tube 25 provided in first high-pressure discharge lamp 26. Battery l8 is also connected in series with second starting and operating circuit 48 through normally-open contact 22a of relay 22 and first switch 46c of second operation switch 46. Starting and operating circuit 48 is connected to light-emittion tube 49 provided in second high-pressure discharge lamp 50. Battery l8 is also connected to a series circuit of normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30, coil 52c of third relay 52, and first npn transistor 54. First heater 28 for lamp 26 is connected to battery l8 through contact 30a of relay 30 and normally-open contact 52a of relay 52. Transistor 54 is connected in parallel with second switch 24b of first operation switch 24. Battery l8 is also connected to a series circuit of second npn transistor 56 and coil 58c of fourth relay 58 through normally-open contact 30a of relay 30. Battery l8 is also connected to second heater 60 for second discharge lamp 50 through normally-open contact 58a of relay 58. The series circuit of first transistor 54 and coil 52c of relay 52 is connected in parallel with coil 62c of fifth relay 62 through normally-open contact 52a of relay 52. Normally-closed contact 62b of relay 62 is connected in parallel with second transistor 56 through second switch 46b of second operation switch 46. First transistor 54 has a base connected to the output end of first monostable multivibrator 64. Multivibrator 64 has an input end connected to battery l8 through normally-open contact 30a of relay 30. When a voltage is applied to multivibrator 64, i.e., when relay 30 is energized, multivibrator 64 outputs a high-level signal for a predetermined period of time. Second transistor 56 has a base connected to the output end of second monostable multivibrator 66. Multivibrator 66 has an input end connected in series with battery l8 through first switch 46a of switch 46 and normally-open contact 22a of relay 22. When a voltage is applied to multivibrator 66, i.e., when first switch 46a of second switch 46 is turned on, multivibra­ tor 66 outputs a high-level signal for a predetermined period of time. Switches 24a and 24b of first operation switch 24 operate synchronously and in reverse manners. More specifically, when first switch 24a is turned on or off, second switch 24b is turned off or on, respectively. Switches 46a and 46b of second operation switch 46 operate synchronously and in reverse manners as well. The predetermined periods of time set in multivi­ brators 64 and 66 are minimum time periods required for high-pressure discharge lamps 26 and 50, respectively, to be sufficiently heated for allowing a luminous flux to be increased fast upon starting the lamps. In the fifth embodiment having the above arrange­ ment, even if switch 32 is turned on by turning on switch l6, first switch 24a remains OFF unless first operating switch 24 is operated, and thus first dis­ charge lamp 26 is not turned on/off by starting and operation circuit 20. Since first switch 46a of second operation switch 46 is turned off, second discharge lamp 50 is not turned on. On the other hand, when control switch 32 is turned on, third relay 52 is energized since second switch 24b of first switch 24 is turned on, and power supply to first heater 28 is started. When third relay 52 is energized, coil 62c of fifth relay 62 is powered through its normally-open contact 52a, and its normally-closed contact 62b is closed. At this time, fourth relay 58 is not energized and second heater 60 is not powered. In this manner, when first and second high-pressure discharge lamps 26 and 50 are turned off, only first discharge lamp 26 is heated by first heater 28. At this time, battery l8 is charged in the same manner as described above. The respective states wherein both discharge lamps 26 and 50 are turned off are as shown in (I) of Figs. 9A to 9F. In this case, only first heater 28 is powered, as shown in Fig. 9C, and only first high-pressure discharge lamp 26 is heated, as shown in Fig. 9A. Assume that first discharge lamp 26 is not suffi­ ciently heated by first heater 28 and first switch 24 is operated. In this case, since first and second switches 24a and 24b are turned on and off, respective­ ly, starting and operating circuit 20 is operated to start first discharge lamp 26. The states of respective components in this case are as shown in (II) l of Figs. 9A to 9F. In this case, when first discharge lamp 26 is started, as shown in Fig. 9B, power supply to first heater 28 is continued, as shown in Fig. 9C, since first transistor 54 is in the ON state for a predeter­ mined period of time after control switch 32 is turned on. Then, first discharge lamp 26 is heated by first heater 28, as shown in Fig. 9A, and its temperature is increased. Then, the temperature of first high pressure dis­ charge lamp 26 is increased to a level sufficient for improving the rate of increase in luminous flux, and an output from first multivibrator 64 goes low at that timing. Thus, first transistor 54 is turned off, third relay 52 is deenergized, and power supply to first heater 28 is stopped. When third relay 52 is deenergized, fifth relay 62 is also deenergized, and power supply to fourth relay 58 through second switch 46b of second operation switch 46 and normally-closed contact 62b of fifth relay 62 is started, thus energizing relay 58. Then, power supply to second heater 60 is started, as shown in Fig. 9F, and second discharge lamp 50 is heated, as shown in Fig. 9D to increase its temperature. In this state, when second operation switch 46 is turned on, its first and second switches 46a and 46b are turned on and off, respectively. Therefore, second discharge lamp 50 is turned on by starting and operating circuit 48, and power supply to fourth relay 58 through second switch 46b is stopped. In this case, second monostable multivibrator 66 is operated synchronously when second switch 46b is turned on. Therefore, second transistor 56 is turned on, and fourth relay 58 is kept energized through second transistor 56 in place of through second switch 46b, thus maintaining the ON state. Thereafter, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed, an output from second monostable multivi­ brator 66 goes low, and second transistor 56 is turned off. Thus, fourth relay 58 is deenergized and power supply to second heater 60 is stopped. When first operation switch 24 is turned on while first discharge lamp 26 is sufficiently heated by first heater 28, its first and second switches 24a and 24b are turned on and off, respectively, starting and operating circuit 20 starts operation, and first discharge lamp 26 is started. The respective states in this case are as shown in (II) 2 of Figs. 9A to 9F. Namely, when first discharge lamp 26 is started, second switch 24b is turned off since first transistor 54 is already set in the ON state by first multivibrator 64, third relay 52 is thus deenergized, and power supply to first heater 28 is stopped, as shown in Fig. 9C. In this case, some time lag is allowed in the turn-on timing of first heater 28, as indicated by a broken line in the drawing. When third relay 52 is deenergized, fifth relay 62 is also deenergized. Thus, fourth relay 58 is energized to start power supply to second heater 60, as shown in Fig. 9F, and second discharge lamp 50 is heated, as shown in Fig. 9D, to increase its temperature. As described above, when only first discharge lamp 26 which is preheated by first heater 28 is to be turned on, if it is insufficiently heated at start of discharge lamp 26, power supply to heater 28 continues after it is started. If discharge lamp 26 is sufficiently heated when it is started, power supply to first heater 28 is stopped. Assume that first discharge lamp 26 is not suffici­ ently heated by first heater 28, first and second opera­ tion switches 24 and 46 are simultaneously turned on, and both first and second discharge lamps 26 and 50 are started. The states of the respective components in this case are as shown in (III) l of Figs. 9A to 9F. Namely, in this case, even when first discharge lamp 26 is started, as shown in Fig. 9B, since first transistor 54 is set in the ON state by first multivibrator 64, power supply to first heater 28 is continued, as shown in Fig. 9C. As shown in Fig. 9A, first discharge lamp 26 is heated by first heater 28 to increase its temperature. When second operation switch 46 is turned on, its first switch 46a is turned on, second multivibrator 66 is operated, and second transistor 56 is turned on. In this case, fifth relay 62 is energized as well since third relay 52 is still being energized, and its normally-closed contact 62b is open. Fourth relay 58 is energized by the ON operation of second transistor 56, and power supply to second heater 60 is started, as shown in Fig. 9F. Second discharge lamp 50 is heated by second heater 60, its temperature is increased, as shown in Fig. 9D, and the rate of increase in its luminous flux becomes high. Thereafter, first discharge lamp 26 is first heated by first heater 28 to a temperature sufficient for improving the rate of increase in its luminous flux. An output from first multivibrator 54 goes low by this timing to turn off first transistor 54, third relay 52 is deenergized, and power supply to first heater 28 is stopped. Subsequently, second discharge lamp 50 is heated by second heater 60 to a temperature sufficient for improving the rate of increase in its luminous flux. An output from second multivibrator 66 goes low at this timing to turn off second transistor 56, fourth relay 58 is deenergized, and power supply to second heater 60 is stopped. Assume that first discharge lamp 26 is sufficiently heated by first heater 28, first and second operation switches 24 and 46 are simultaneously turned on, and both first and second discharge lamps 26 and 50 are started. The states of the respective components in this case are as shown in (III) 2 of Figs. 9A to 9F. Namely, in this case, first transistor 54 is already turned off. When first switch 24a of first operation switch 24 is turned on to start first discharge lamp 26, as shown in Fig. 9B, second switch 24b is turned off to deenergize third relay 52, and power supply to first heater 28 is stopped, as shown in Fig. 9C. Since second operation switch 46 is turned on, its first and second switches 46a and 46b are turned on and off, respectively. Thus, second monostable multivibra­ tor 66 is operated to turn on second transistor 56, and to energize fourth relay 58. Power supply to second heater 60 is then started, as shown in Fig. 9F. This increases the temperature of second discharge lamp 50, as shown in Fig. 9D, and the rate of increase in its luminous flux becomes high. Thereafter, when second discharge lamp 50 is sufficiently heated by second heater 60, an output from second monostable multivibra­ tor 66 goes low to turn off second transistor 56. Thus, fourth relay 58 is deenergized, and power supply to second heater 60 is stopped. In this manner, when both first and second opera­ tion switches 24 and 26 are simultaneously turned on while first discharge lamp 26 is not sufficiently heated by first heater 28, thus starting both first and second discharge lamps 26 and 50, power supply to first heater 28 is continued, and power supply to second heater 60 is started. When first discharge lamp 26 is sufficiently heated, power supply to first heater 28 is first stop­ ped. Thereafter, when second discharge lamp 50 is sufficiently heated, power supply to second heater 60 is stopped. As a result, the rate of increase in luminous flux of discharge lamps 26 and 50 upon starting is improved by heating by heaters 28 and 60. In addition, since power supply to heaters 28 and 60 is stopped when discharge lamps 26 and 50 are sufficiently heated, excessive power consumption by the respective heaters can be prevented, thus minimizing power consumption. Power is supplied to heaters 28 and 60 through second relay 30 which is energized by the ON operation of control switch 32, i.e., by the ON operation of switch l6. Therefore, battery l8 is charged when power is supplied to heaters 28 and 60, and voltage drop does not occur in battery l8. In the fifth embodiment, first discharge lamp 26 is always turned on prior to second discharge lamp 50. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A switch for switching between the current paths of first and second discharge lamps 26 and 50 can be provided, or a switch for switching between current paths of first and second heaters 28 and 60 can be provided. In this case, either of first and second discharge lamps 26 and 50 can be turned on prior to the other by switching operation of these switches. Fig. l0 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention wherein a starting and operating apparatus of a high-pressure discharge lamp to the present inven­ tion is applied to a circuit including a means for pre­ venting an excessive inrush current from flowing when a plurality of heaters are energized. More particular­ ly, battery l8 charged in the same manner as in the embodiments described above is connected to coil 22c of first relay 22 through operation switch 24, and to first, second, and third starting and operating circuits 20, 48, and 68 through normally-open contact 22a of relay 22. Light-emitting tubes 25, 49 and 69 provided in first, second, and third high-pressure discharge lamps 26, 50, and 70 are connected to the output ends of starting and operating circuits 20, 48, and 68, respectively. High-pressure discharge lamps 26, 50, and 70 have first, second, and third heaters 28, 60, and 72, respectively. First heater 28 provided in first discharge lamp 26 is connected to battery l8 through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22. Battery l8 is also connected to, first time-­ constant circuit 78 as a series circuit of resistor 74 and capacitor 76, through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22. First time-constant circuit 78 is connected in parallel with a series circuit of coil 30c of second relay 30 and first npn transistor 54. The base of first transistor 54 is connected to the node of resistor 72 and capacitor 74. Second heater 60 provided in second high-pressure discharge lamp 50 is connected in series with battery l8 through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22 and normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30. Battery l8 is also connected to, second time-­ constant circuit 84 as a series circuit of resistor 80 and capacitor 82, through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22 and normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30. Second time-constant circuit 84 is connected in parallel with a series circuit of coil 52c of third relay 52 and second npn transistor 56. The base of second transistor 56 is connected to the node of resis­ tor 80 and capacitor 82. Heater 72 provided in third discharge lamp 70 is connected in series with battery l8 through normally­ open contact 22a of first relay 22, normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30, and normally-open contact 52a of third relay 52. Time-constant circuits 78 and 84 have, e.g., the same time constants. In the sixth embodiment having the above arrange­ ment, when operation switch 24 is turned on, first relay 22 is energized, and respective starting and operating circuits 20, 48, and 68 are started. When switch l6 is turned on, control switch 32 is turned on, power supply to first heater 28 is started, and first time-constant circuit 78 is operated. Then, discharge lamps 26, 50, and 70 are started, and simultaneously first discharge lamp 26 is first heated by first heater 28, thus promot­ ing evaporation of the metal sealed in light-emitting tube 25. A large inrush current flows in first heater 28 upon start of power supply since its temperature is low in this case. However, since power is supplied only to first heeater 28. an excessive inrush current does not flow. When time t elapses, first transistor 54 is turned on by the charged voltage of capacitor 76 and second relay 30 is energized. This time, power supply to second heater 60 is started. In this case, an inrush current flows in second heater 60. However, since first heater 28 is already heated and current flowing there­ through is small, although an overall current is in­ creased, no abnormally excessive current flows therein. Second time-constant circuit 84 starts operation in response to energization of second relay 30. As a result, second discharge lamp 50 is heated by second heater 60, and evaporation of the metal sealed in light-­ emitting tube 49 is promoted. When another time t elapses, second transistor 56 is turned on by the charged voltage of capacitor 82, and third relay 52 is energized. Power supply to third heater 72 is started. In this case, an inrush current flows in third heater 72. However, although a total current is increased, since first and second heaters 28 and 60 are already operated and current flowing there­ through is small, no abnormally excessive current flows therein, unlike a case wherein the inrush current flows through all of heaters 28, 60, and 72. This time, third discharge lamp 70 is heated by third heater 72, and evaporation of the metal sealed in light-emitting tube 69 is promoted. When all heaters 28, 60, and 72 are heated and operated, a total current flowing therethrough is gradually decreased until it is almost stabilized at a predetermined level. Therefore, at starting, a total lamp current flowing through light-emitting tube 25, 49 and 69 is increased as soon as they are started, as shown in Fig. llA. The total heater current flowing through heaters 28, 60, and 72 is increased a little every time time t elapses, as shown in Fig. llB. In this case, however, its peak value is not much increased. Thus, the peak value of the current supplied by battery l8 can be sustained comparatively low compared to a case wherein all heaters 28, 60, and 72 are powered simulta­ neously (as indicated by broken line in Fig. llB), and battery l8 having comparatively small capacity can be satisfactorily used. Power supply to the heaters is started simultane­ ously with or after starting of the discharge lamps. The discharge lamps are heated by the heaters upon starting. Therefore, the rate of increase in luminous flux is improved, and the discharge lamps can be set in a stable ON state with comparative ease. Battery l8 is charged when a heater is powered. Therefore, even if power consumption is increased, the voltage of battery l8 is not decreased. Various circuit configurations, as described above, to prevent an excessive inrush current from flowing can be proposed. The present invention is similarly appli­ cable to these circuits. An example of such a circuit is as follows. In the sixth embodiment, at least one of a plurality of heaters is connected to a battery at a different timing from the other heaters. Alternatively, in a circuit for preventing the excessive inrush cur­ rent, a plurality of heaters are sequentially discon­ nected from a battery at different required timings after power is supplied. Also, in the sixth embodi­ ment, a time-constant circuit is used to detect an elapsed time, thereby obtaining a timing required for disconnecting a heater from a battery. However, a change in temperature of a high pressure discharge lamp or in temperature around a heater can be detected, or a change in the current flowing through a heater can be detected instead. In another circuit configuration, a plurality of heaters can be sequentially connected/ disconnected with respect to a battery at different timings. In this case, a currently powered heater can be disconnected from the battery and then a next heater can be connected to the battery. Fig. l2 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention. In the seventh embodiment, the present invention is applied to a starting and operating appara­ tus as follows. Namely, in this starting and operating apparatus, power supply to a heater after a discharge lamp is turned on is controlled in accordance with a heated state of a high pressure discharge lamp by a heater before it is started. As a result, once the rate of increase in luminous flux of the discharge lamp reaches a stable level, the discharge lamp is no more heated by the heater. Thus, the luminous flux does not overshoot to degrade the service life of the discharge lamp. More specifically, referring to Fig. l2, refer­ ence numeral 86 denotes a control circuit. Battery l8 is connected to a series circuit of resistor 88 and capacitor 90 of control circuit 86 through normally-open contact 22a of first relay 22, and to a series circuit of resistors 92 and 94 through normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30. Control circuit 86 has first NAND gate 96 having two input ends. One input of NAND gate 96 is connected to the node of first relay 22 and resis­ tor 88 through inverter 98. The other input thereof is connected to the node of second relay 30 and resistor 92. Control circuit 86 also has comparator l00. Non-­ inverting input end (+) of comparator l00 as one input end is connected to the node of resistor 88 and capaci­ tor 90 and to the node of resistors 92 and 94. Inverting input end (-) of comparator l00 as the other input end is connected to voltage source l02 for generating reference voltage V REF . Control circuit 86 also includes second NAND gate l04 having two input ends and npn transistor l06. The input ends of second NAND gate l04 are connected to the output end of first NAND gate 96 and the output end of comparator l00, respectively. The output end of NAND gate l04 is connected to the base of transistor l06. Battery l8 is connected in series with coil 52c of third relay 52 through normally-open contact 30a of second relay 30 and transistor l06. Coil 52c is connected in parallel with surge absorbing diode l08. An operation of the seventh embodiment having the above arrangement will be described with reference to Figs. l3A to l3H. Figs. l3A to l3H respectively show the operation timings of the respective components in cases of: sufficient heating before starting (I); and insufficient heating before starting (II). Case (I) will first be described. Assume that while first relay 22 is deenergized, as shown in Fig. l3A, second relay 30, i.e., switch l6 is turned on, as shown in Fig. l3C, to turn on control switch 32. Then as shown in Fig. l3B, since an output from inverter 98 is at high level, both inputs to first NAND gate 96 are at high level, and an output therefrom is at low level, as shown in Fig. l3D. Since a voltage is pro­ duced across resistor 94, capacitor 90 is charged with a predetermined time-constant, as shown in Fig. l3E. However, since the voltage of capacitor 90 is lower than reference voltage V REF , an output from comparator l00 goes low, as shown in Fig. l3F. Then, both inputs to second NAND gate l04 are set at high level, and an output therefrom is thus set at high level, as shown in Fig. l3G. This turns on transistor l06 to turn on third relay 52, as shown in Fig. l3H, and its normally-open contact 52a is closed. In this manner, power supply to heater 28 is started, and high pressure discharge lamp 26 is heated beforehand, i.e., preheated. In this case, battery l8 is charged as a matter of course. Even if preheating continues for a comparatively long period of time, the charging speed of capacitor 90 is slow since it is charged only through resistor 92, and the charge voltage is thus not abruptly increased. Then, after a lapse of some time, operation switch 24 is turned on to energize first relay 22, as shown in Fig. l3A. Then, starting and operating circuit 20 is operated to start igniting light-emitting tube 25. At this time, the temperature of discharge lamp 26 is high since it has been heated for a comparatively long period of time. Discharge lamp 26 is thus started and reaches a stable ON level quickly. When first relay 22 is energized, an output from inverter 98 is set at low level, as shown in Fig. l3B, and an output from first NAND gate 96 is set at high level, as shown in Fig. l3D. At this time, since an input to second NAND gate l04 supplied from compara­ tor l00 is at low level, an output from gate l04 is kept at high level. When first relay 22 is energized, capacitor 90 is charged also through resistor 88, and its charging speed becomes fast, as shown in Fig. l3E. Capacitor 90 is precharged to a predetermined level within the preheat period. Therefore, when first relay 22 is energized, the voltage charged in capacitor 90 reaches reference voltage V REF within a comparatively short period of time. When the charged voltage reaches reference voltage V REF , an output from comparator l00 is inverted and set at high level, as shown in Fig. l3F. Since both inputs to second NAND gate l04 are set at high level, an output from gate l04 is set at low level. Transistor l06 is thus turned off, third relay 52 is deenergized, as shown in Fig. l3H, and power supply to heater 28 is stopped. This state is maintained as long as first relay 22 is energized. In this manner, when discharge lamp 26 is suffici­ ently heated before starting and then started, power supply to heater 28 is stopped within a short period of time, thus preventing luminous flux from overshooting. Thereafter, if operation switch 24, i.e., first relay 22 is deenergized, an output from first NAND gate 96 is set at low level. Therefore, even if an output from comparator l00 is maintained at high level, an output from second NAND gate l04 is set at high level, and power supply to heater 78 is started again. Power supply to heater 28 is then stopped by turning off control switch 22, i.e., switch l6. A case of (II) will be described. Assume that while first relay 22 is deenergized, as shown in Fig. l3A, second relay 30 is energized. In this case, since an output from inverter 98 is at high level, as shown in Fig. l3B, both inputs to first NAND gate 96 are set at high level, and an output therefrom is set at low level, as shown in Fig. l3D. Since a voltage is gen­ erated across resistor 94, capacitor 90 is charged with a predetermined time-constant, as shown in Fig. l3E. However, since the voltage of capacitor 90 is lower than reference voltage V REF , an output from comparator l00 is set at low level, as shown in Fig. l3F. Then, both inputs to second NAND gate l04 are set at low level, and an output therefrom is thus set at high level, as shown in Fig. l3G. This turns on transistor l06 to energize third relay 52, as shown in Fig. l3H, and normally-open contact 52a of relay 52 is closed. Power supply to heater 28 is started in this manner, and high-pressure discharge lamp 26 is preheated. When first relay 22 is energized, as shown in Fig. l3A, while preheating is insufficient, starting and operating circuit 20 is operated to start light-emitting tube 25. When first relay 22 is energized, capacitor 90 is charged also through resistor 88. Therefore, the charging speed of capacitor 90 becomes fast, as shown in Fig. l3E. Since capacitor 90 is not much charged during the preheat period, its charged level is low. Even when first relay 22 is energized and charging speed to capacitor 90 becomes fast, it takes some time before the charged voltage reaches reference voltage V REF . Thus, even when discharge lamp 26 is started, power supply to heater 28 continues for some time. As a result, even if the temperature of discharge lamp 26 is not much high upon starting, it is heated by heater 28 as the starting continues, and is started to reach a stable ON state quickly. Then, discharge lamp 26 reaches the stable ON state. In other words, the rate of increase in its luminous flux becomes stable. At this time, the charged voltage of capacitor 90 reaches voltage V REF , transistor l00 is turned on and third relay 52 is energized, thus stopping power supply to heater 28. When discharge lamp 26 is not sufficiently heated by heater 28 before starting and then started, power supply to heater 28 is continued for a comparatively long period of time. Thus, discharge lamp 26 is heated as starting continues, and is started to reach its stable ON stable quickly. In this manner, power supply to a heater 28 after starting a discharge lamp 26 is controlled in accordance with the heated state of the discharge lamp 26 which is heated by a heater 28. Then, the fast rate of increase in luminous flux can constantly be obtained, and over­ shooting of luminous flux can be eliminated. In the seventh embodiment, the battery l8 is charged while the heater 28 is powered, in the same manner as in the embodiments described before. Therefore, the voltage of the battery l8 may not be decreased. In the embodiment, the power supply time of the heater 28 after starting is initiated is changed for the cases of sufficient and insufficient preheat, thus changing the power supply. However, the present inven­ tion can also be applied to an apparatus wherein a current or voltage is changed, while its supply time is the same, to change power supply per unit time, thus changing power supply. As described above, in a starting and operating apparatus of a high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention which starts a high-pressure discharge lamp by using a battery as a power source, the rate of increase in luminous flux of the discharge lamp can be improved by using a heater, and the voltage of the battery will not be decreased.

Claims: 1. A starting and operating apparatus of a high-­ pressure discharge lamp, which comprises a high-pressure discharge lamp, a battery, starting and operating means for generating a predetermined starting output in order to start and maintain an ON state of said high-pressure discharge lamp, said high-pressure discharge lamp having an input end connected to said battery and an output end connected to said starting means, and a heater, provided in said high-pressure discharge lamp and powered by said battery, for heating said high-pressure discharge lamp, and which is capable of voltage compensation of said battery, characterized in that: said battery (l8) is rechargeable; and said apparatus further comprises: charging means, connected to said battery (l8), for generating a charging voltage; and heater control means, provided between said heater and said battery (l8), for controlling power supply of said heater by said battery (l8), said heater control means enabling power supply of said heater by said battery (l8) at least while said charging means operates. 2. An apparatus according to claim l, character­ ized in that said heater control means starts power supply to said heater from said battery (l8) simultane­ ously when operation of said charging means is started. 3. An apparatus according to claim 2, character­ ized in that said charging means comprises a first switch (l6; 44) which is turned on to start operation of said charging means, and said heater control means comprises first control switching means provided between said battery (l8) and said heater and turned on synchronously with said first switch (l6; 44). 4. An apparatus according to claim 3, charac­ terized in that said first control switching means comprises a first relay (30), having a coil (30c) and a normally-open contact (30a), for connecting said battery (l8) and said heater through said normally-open contact (30a), and a second switch (32), connected to said battery (l8) through said coil (32c) of said relay (30), and turned on synchronously with an ON operation of said first switch (l6; 44). 5. An apparatus according to claim 4, character­ ized in that said heater control means stops power supply to said heater at a transition timing of said high-pressure discharge lamp from its starting to a stable ON state. 6. An apparatus according to claim 5, character­ ized in that: said apparatus comprises an operation switch (24), provided between said battery (l8) and said starting and operating means, for operating said starting and operat­ ing means; and said heater control means comprises second control switching means for connecting said battery (l8) and said heater, and said second control switching means comprises a second relay (34) for connecting said second switch (32) and said battery (l8) through a normally-­ closed contact (34b) thereof and connecting said heater and said battery (l8) through a coil (34c) thereof, an npn transistor (36) having a collector connected to said coil (34c) of said second relay (34) and an emitter connected to said battery (l8), and a time-constant circuit (38) for supplying a high-level signal to a base of said transistor (36) when a predetermined period of time has elapsed after said operation switch (24) is turned on. 7. An apparatus according to claim 3, character­ ized in that said charging means further comprises a generator (l2a) and a power section (l4) for driving said generator (l2a), and said power section (l4) starts operation in response to an ON operation of said first switch (l6). 8. An apparatus according to claim 3, character­ ized in that said charging means further comprises a transformer (40a), and said transformer (40a) is con­ nected to an AC power source (42) through said first switch (44). 9. An apparatus according to claim l, character­ ized in that said heater control means starts power supply from said battery (l8) to said heater in synchro­ nism with starting of said high-pressure discharge lamp. l0. An apparatus according to claim 9, character­ ized in that: said apparatus comprises an operation switch (24), provided between said battery (l8) and said starting and operating means, for operating said starting and operat­ ing means; said charging means comprises a first switch (l6; 44) which is turned on to start operation of said charg­ ing means; and said heater control means comprises first control switching means which is turned on synchronously with said first switch (l6; 44) and connects said battery (l8) and said heater through said operation switch (24) in an ON state thereof. 11. An apparatus according to claim l0, charac­ terized in that said first control switching means comprises a relay (30), having a coil (30c) and a normally-open contact (30a), for connecting said opera­ tion switch (24) and said heater through said normally-­ open contact (30a), and a second switch (32), connected to said battery (l8) through said coil (30c) of said relay (30), and turned on synchronously with an ON operation of said first switch (l6; 44). 12. An apparatus according to claim ll, character­ ized in that said heater control means stops power supply to said heater at a transition timing of said high-pressure discharge lamp from its starting to a stable ON state. 13. An apparatus according to claim l2, character­ ized in that said heater control means comprises second control switching means for connecting said battery (l8) and said heater, said second switching means comprises a second relay (34) for connecting said second switch (32) and said battery (l8) through a normally-open contact (34b) thereof and connecting said heater and said battery (l8) through a coil (34c) thereof, an npn transistor (36) having a collector connected to said coil (34c) of said second relay (34) and an emitter connected to said battery (l8), and a time-constant circuit (38) for supplying a high-level signal to a base of said transistor (36) when a predetermined period of time has elapsed after said operation switch (24) is turned on. 14. An apparatus according to claim l0, character­ ized in that said charging means further comprises a generator (l2a) and a power section (l4) for driving said generator (l2a), and said power section (l4) starts operation in response to an ON operation of said first switch (l6). 15. An apparatus according to claim l0, character­ ized in that said charging means further comprises a transformer (40a), and said transformer (40a) is con­ nected to an AC power source (42) through said first switch (44). 16. An apparatus according to claim l, character­ ized in that said heater (28) is provided near a light-­ emitting tube provided in the high-pressure discharge lamp. 17. An automobile head light apparatus of a high-­ pressure discharge lamp, which comprises a high-pressure discharge lamp, a battery, starting and operating means for generating a predetermined starting output in order to start and maintain an ON state of said high-pressure discharge lamp, said high-pressure discharge lamp having an input end connected to said battery and an output end connected to said starting means, and a heater, provided in said high-pressure discharge lamp and powered by said battery, for heating said high-pressure discharge lamp, and which is capable of voltage compensation of said battery, characterized in that: said battery (l8) is rechargeable; and said apparatus further comprises: charging means, connected to said battery (l8), for generating a charging voltage; and heater control means, provided between said heater and said battery (l8), for controlling power supply of said heater by said battery (l8), said heater control means enabling power supply of said heater by said battery (l8) at least while said charging means operates. 18. An apparatus according to claim l7, character­ ized in that said heater (28) is provided near a light-­ emitting tube (25) provided in the high-pressure dis­ charge lamp. 19. An apparatus according to claim l7, character­ ized in that said heater control means starts power supply to said heater from said battery (l8) simultane­ ously when operation of said charging means is started. 20. An apparatus according to claim l7, character­ ized in that said heater control means starts power supply from said battery (l8) to said heater in synchro­ nism with starting of said high-pressure discharge lamp.

Inventors: KIMURA, MITSUTOSHI PATENT DIVISION, NIEDA, YASUHIRO PATENT DIVISION
Applicants: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA
Application year: 1986
Main classification: H05B41
IPC codes: H05B41, B60Q1