MOULDED FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC ARTICLES

Abstract: A process for moulding articles of fibre reinforced plastics material which includes pre-heating a sheet of consolidated thermoplastics material which has dispersed therein from 20% to 70% by weight of reinforcing fibres which have a high modulus of elasticity (as herein defined) and between about 7 and about 50 millimetres long to cause the sheet to expand due to relief of the stresses in the reinforcing fibres, placing the expanded sheet in a com­ pression mould and closing the mould to form an article of predetermined shape having portions of different density.

Description: This invention relates to a process for making moulded articles of fibre reinforced plastics material of the type stated in the first part of claim 1. Prior art document EP-A-148 763 describes a process of this kind which takes advantage of the stresses generated in the fibres during consolidation to produce an expanded and porous moulding. The resulting article has a high flexural strength and a relatively smooth coherent surface. The present invention relates to a method of utilising expanded material to produce moulded articles with portions of different density thus increasing the versatility of the article produced. According to the present invention a process for moulding articles of fibre reinforced plastics material includes forming a fibrous material matrix web in the form of a sheet of particulate thermoplastics material and from 20% to 70% by weight of glass reinforcing fibres between about 7 mm and 50 mm, consolidating the sheet, pre-heating the sheet so that the stresses embodied in the glass fibres cause the matrix to freely expand and become porous, placing the pre-heated expanded sheet in a compression mould and closing the mould to form a densified moulded article of predetermined shape characterised by compressing the pre-heated sheet in the mould to compact it in at least one portion thereof, so that there is a greater density at said portion and incorporating an insert in the portion of greater density during the moulding process. A high modulus of elasticity is to be taken as meaning a modulus of elasticity substantially higher than that of the sheet. Fibres falling into this category include glass, carbon and ceramic fibres such as the aramid fibres sold under the trade names Kevlar and Nomex and will generally include any fibre having a modulus higher than 10,000 Mega Pascals. The difference in density can be achieved by forming the sheet material in different thicknesses and/or the process could include shaping the forming tool mould to compress the sheet to fully compact it in the area of greater density. The portions of greater density of the moulded article thus produced can be utilised to locate an insert, for example a bush or clip, and thus the invention also includes incorporating an insert in the portion of greater density during the moulding process. Preferably the thermoplastic material has at least 30% by weight glass fibres and thus it may have 50% by weight glass fibres. Preferably, the fibres are in the form of single discrete fibres. Thus, where glass fibres are used, and are received in the form of chopped strand bundles, the bundles are broken down into single fibres before the structure is formed. The sheet may be formed of two or more layers of plastics material of different compositions which are laminated together in the moulding process. Thus three or more layers may be incorporated, the outer layers having a lower fibre content by weight than the inner layer or layers. The thermoplastics materials may for example be of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrilonitrystyrenebutadiene, polyethyleneterephthalate or polyvinylchloride, both plasticised and unplasticised. Other suitable thermoplastics include polyphenylene ether or polycarbonates or polyestercarbonates or thermoplastic polymers or polyetherimides or acrylonitrile - burylacrylate - styrene polymers or amorphous nylon or polyarylene ether ketone or alloys and blends of these materials with each other or other polymeric materials. The invention can be performed in various ways but one embodiment will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which :- Figure 1 is an isometric view of a shaped sheet of fibre reinforced plastics material ready for moulding; Figure 2 shows the same sheet after heating; Figure 3 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a two part mould in which the sheet shown in Figures 1 and 2 is to be moulded; Figure 4 is a side elevation of the sheet after moulding; and Figure 5 is an isometric view of the moulded article as it emerges from the mould. In the process for carrying out the invention as described below a sheet of fibre reinforced plastics material 1 reinforced with glass fibres of between 7 and 50 millimetres in length is used. The precise construction of the sheet can be as set forth in EP-A-148 763. The preconsolidated sheet 1 is cut to a predetermined size as shown in Figure 1 and is heated to approximately 180° to 200° Centigrade in a convenient manner, for example by use of infra-red heating in an oven of the kind described in the European Patent Application referred to above. The heating produces a hot blank 2 which has expanded to two or three times its original thickness, as shown in Figure 2, and is therefore of lower density. This hot blank 2 is then placed in a compression mould 3 which comprises upper and lower portions 4 and 5. The mould is so designed that when fully closed the space between the upper portion 4 and the lower portion 5 varies. Thus, there is a wider space in the portion indicated by reference numeral 6 than at the edges indicated by reference numerals 7 and 8. This ensures that areas 7 and 8 close to fully densify the hot material in that area and others close to only partly densify material as at area 6. The hot blank 2 is placed in the mould together with any fixing screws, hinges, bushes or other inserts and the mould is shaped so that there is greater density and strength at the areas where the inserts are placed, for example, in areas 7 and 8. The tool is therefore designed so that when it is closed zones of differing density are produced in the blank. In the arrangement being described the fully densified areas are produced at the tool edges around the location of the inserts. Lower density areas in the material in the area 6 are achieved. It will be appreciated that the degree of compaction will affect the porosity of the sheet and can therefore be used as a means of determining the porosity of the moulded article. By fully compacting the sheet in the areas where the inserts are provided they are firmly secured in place. Figure 4 shows the moulded article as it emerges from the mould with insert bushes being indicated by reference numeral 10. Figure 5 again shows the pressed component and it will be clearly seen that the compacted areas 11 and 12 carry the inserts 10 and the less compacted area indicated by reference numeral 13 in both Figures 4 and 5 is thicker but is of lesser density. The larger central low density area provides stiffness while the compacted areas 11 and 12 provide secure and rigid mountings for the inserts 10. The shape of the mould and the sheet 2 can be arranged so that there is room to place the inserts in the mould and for the compacted material to flow around the inserts to secure them. Thus in the arrangement shown above the two arms 14 which are indicated in Figure 2 and which form part of the heated blank extend in length during the compression of the mould to flow around the inserts 10. This will be apparent by comparison of the lengths of the arms 14 in Figure 2, and as shown in Figure 5 where these arms 14 have now become the compacted areas. The fibres used in the fibre reinforced plastics material sheet can be glass fibres, carbon and ceramic fibres, resilient metallic fibres, and fibres such as the Aramid fibres sold under the trade names Kevlar and Nomex.

Claims: A process for moulding articles of fibre reinforced plastics material which includes forming a fibrous material matrix web in the form of a sheet (1) of particulate thermoplastics material and from 20% to 70% by weight of glass reinforcing fibres between about 7 mm and 50 mm, consolidating the sheet (1), pre-heating the sheet (1) so that the stresses embodied in the glass fibres cause the matrix to freely expand and become porous, placing the pre-heated expanded sheet (2) in a compression mould (3) and closing the mould to form a densified moulded article of predetermined shape characterised by compressing the pre-heated sheet (2) in the mould to compact it in at least one portion (14) thereof, so that there is a greater density at said portion and incorporating an insert (10) in the portion of greater density (14) during the moulding process. A process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the thermoplastics material has at least 30% by weight glass fibres. A process as claimed in claim 2 characterised in that the thermoplastics material has 50% by weight glass fibres. A process as claimed in claims 1 to 3 characterised in that the moulding is formed of two or more sheets (1) of different compositions which are laminated together in the moulding process. A process as claimed in claim 4 characterised in that three or more sheets (1) are incorporated the outer sheets (1) having a lower fibre content by weight than the inner sheet (1) or sheets (1).

Inventors: RADVAN, BRONISLAW, SKELDING, WILLIAM TERENCE HALEY, WILLIS, ANTHONY JOHN
Applicants: THE WIGGINS TEAPE GROUP LIMITED
Application year: 1986
Main classification: B29C43
IPC codes: B29C69, B29C43, B29C70, B29K105, B29C51, B29C67, B29C61