A METHOD IN THE INSTALLATION OF PILES AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD

Abstract: A method for use when installing piles, in which a pipe (2) or the like is inserted into the ground (1) and a flowing and solidifiable substance (3) is introduced into the ground through the pipe, in order, when solidified, to support a pile, and in which method the solidified substance is subjected to pressure in order to cause the substance to penetrate into the surrounding earth and/or to displace the earth, so as to provide an anchorage for the pile. The method is mainly characterized in that there is created in the proximity of and at least partially beneath the lower orifice (7) of the pipe (2), this pipe (2) constituting an outer pipe (2), a cavity (6) in which the aforementioned solidifiable substance, preferably concrete, is subjected to pressure with the aid of a raisable and lowerable body (5) which can be caused to protrude into the cavity (6) and which extends beneath the bottom orifice (7) of the outer pipe (2) at least during a given part of the period over which the solidifiable substance is placed under pressure, and is moved forcibly downwards during the pressure period with the aid of a downwardly directed force, in order to displace the solidifiable substance present in the cavity (6). The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method.

Description: A method in the installation of piles and apparatus for carrying out the method. The present invention relates to a method in pile-installa¬ tion operations, in which there % is placed in the ground a pipe or corresponding element through which a flowing and solidifiable substance is passed, so as to assist in supporting a pile when solidified. Methods are known to the art in which a pipe is inserted into the ground and in which cement or like solidifiable substance is passed to a cavity located at the lower end of the pipe and forced out into the surrounding ground, by means of a plunger operating in the pipe. These methods can be applied satisfactorily with readily flowing sub¬ stances such as cement, but not with concrete. When sub¬ jected to pressure, readily flowing substances, however, have the tendency to seek and enter channels and cavities present in the ground and consequently the substance does not collect άnto a unitary mass suitable for supporting the pile. Methods are also known in which a pipe is inserted into the ground together with devices with which a cavity is dug or otherwise formed in the proximity of the lower end of the pipe, and subsequently filled with cement or cor¬ responding solidifiable substance. Such methods are en- cumbered with serious disadvantages, such as the high costs involved, the excessive time required to complete a pile-installing operation, and the problems created with regard to the transportation of excavated material to the surface of the ground. The present invention relates to a method which can be carried out both quickly and readily at low costs, and which is suited to the use of concrete. Among other things, because of its simplicity the method is not encumbered to any great extent with technical problems of the kind encountered with known methods. The method also enables concrete to be caused to penetrate into and/or displace the surrounding earth, so as to provide an anchorage for a pile. The invention thus relates to a method which can be applied in pile-installing operations, and in which there is in¬ serted into the ground a pipe or corresponding conduit through which a flowing and solidifiable substance is passed, so as to support a pile when the material solidi¬ fies; and in which method pressure is exerted on the solidifiable substance so as to cause said substance to penetrate into and/or displace the surrounding earth, in a manner to form an anchorage for a pile. . The method is mainly characterized by creating a cavity in the proximity of and at least partially beneath the lower orifice of the pipe, which constitutes an outer pipe; by applying pressure to a solidifiable substance of the aforesaid kind, preferably concrete, present in the cavity with the aid of a raisable and lowerable body which protrudes into the cavity and which passes beneath the bottom orifice of the outer pipe during a given part of the time over which said pressure is applied, and . which when said pressure is applied is caused to move downwards by means of a downwardly acting force, in order to displace the solidifiable substance present in the cavity. The invention also relates to an arrangement for use in pile-installing operations, this arrangement comprising a pipe or corresponding element which is intended to be inserted into the ground and through which a flowable and solidifiable substance is intended to be passed, so as to assist in supporting a pile when solidified, and which arrangement further comprises means for generating pressure such as to cause the solidifiable substance to penetrate into the surrounding earth and/or to displace said substance so as to form an anchorage for the pile. The arrangement is mainly characterized in that there is provided a raisable and lowerable body by me ' ans of which the aforesaid solidfiable, substance, preferably concrete, present in a cavity created in the vicinity .of and at least partially beneath the bottom orifice of the pipe, which constitutes an outer pipe, is placed under pressure, said body, for at least a part of the pressure period over which said pressure is applied, being intended to protrude beneath the bottom orifice of the outer pipe; and in that means are provided for moving said body forcib¬ ly downwards during said pressure period, in order to displace the aforesaid solidifiable substance present in -said cavity. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to a number of embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates schematically a first embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, seen from one side and partly in vertical section; Figure 2 illustrates schematically a second embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention, seen substan¬ tially in accordance with Fig. 1; Figure 3 illustrates schematically a third embodiment of the invention seen substantially in accordance with Fig. 1; Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the line A-A in Fig. 3; Figure 5 illustrates schematically a fourth embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention seen sub¬ stantially in accordance with Fig. 1; Figures 6-9 are sectional views taken on the lines B-B, C-C, D-D and E-E respectively in Fig. 5; and Figures 10-13 illustrate a lower part of a fifth embodi¬ ment of an arrangement according to the invention, and show four different stages in the supply of concrete to the cavity. In Fig. 1 the reference.1 designates the ground in which a pile is to be installed and in which an anchorage for assistance in supporting the pile is to be formed. The ' reference 2 designates a pipe 2 or like element, which constitutes an outer pipe, inserted in the ground 1. The outer pipe 2 is intended to conduct a flowing and solidi- fiable substance 3, which when set assists in supporting a pile. The pipe 2 can be inserted into a previously drilled hole 4, as illustrated in Fig. 1, or can be driven into the ground. 'The reference 5 designates an inner pipe which extends within the outer pipe 2 and which can be raised and lowe¬ red, and which thus forms a.raisable and lowerable body 5 by means of which the solidfiable substance 3, prefer- • ably concrete, present in a cavity 6 created in the proxi- mity of and at least partially beneath the bottom orifi¬ ce 7 of the outer pipe 2, is placed under pres'sure, this body, at least during a part of the pressure period, being intended to project beneath the bottom orifice 7 of the outer pipe 2. In this respect, means are provided for moving the body 5 forcibly downwards during the pressure period, with the intention of displacing the solidifiable substance present in the cavity. These means 8 which are preferably hydraulic, are intended to act between the body 5, or force-transmitting means co-acting with said body, and a frame structure or the like connec¬ ted to the outer pipe 2. The exemplifying embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 includes a yoke-like frame struc¬ ture 9 incorporating substantially vertically extending parts 10, which are connected at their respective bottoms to the outer pipe 2 and between which there extends a transverse part 11 which is intended to support and to constitute a holding-up means for at least one substan¬ tially vertically acting hydraulic piston-cylinder device 12, having a piston rod 13 whose low.er .end 14 is connec¬ ted to the upper end 15 of the body or inner pipe 5, via a force-transmitting attachment 16. The positions to which the outer pipe 2 and the inner pipe 5 are inserted into the ground are shown in broken lines in Fig. 1. The reference 17 designates a bottom plate or the like which is arranged preferably to sub¬ stantially cover the bottom orifice 7 of the outer pipe 2 when inserting said pipe, the plate 17 preferably being connected to at least one rod 18, but preferably to several such rods, extending vertically within the cir¬ cumference of the pipe 2. *The means 8 and the frame-structure 9 constitute means which, subsequent to inserting the outer pipe and the body 5, i.e. the inner pipe, into the ground, are effec¬ tive in lifting the outer pipe 2, -thereby to form at least part of the cavity 6 to be created. The inner pipe 5 is intended to support against the plate 17 at least during the initial stages of creating the cavity 6, thus primarily when lifting the outer pipe 2 from the lower terminal position shown in broken lines in Fig. 1. The cavity 6 is progressively enlarged, by successively lifting the outer pipe 2, the solidifiable substance also being successively supplied and subjected to pressure. The inner pipe 5 is preferably filled with said substance during this pressure period. The preferred embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are provided with limit-position stops or like means which define the maximum extent to which the outer pipe can be lifted. According to one embodi- ment, the limit-position stop 19 is connected to at least one rod 18, which in turn is connected to the bottom plate and extends vertically therefrom, the limit- position stop 19 of this embodiment comprising, for example, nuts 19 fitted to the upper part of the rod, said rods constituting in this, embodiment an anchorage connected to the plate 17. In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, the limit-position stop 19, i.e. the nuts 19, co-act with a stop plate 20 located on the upper part of the pipe 2, said stop plate having provided therein a- hole 21 for passage of respective rods 18 through said plate. The pipe 2 also passes through the stop plate 20, which covers the upper end of the pipe 2. The reference 22 designates a seal located between the outer pipe 2 and the inner pipe 5 and effective to pre¬ vent undesirable flow of the solidifiable substance supplied to the cavity 6. The primary function of the • seal 22 is to prevent solidifiable substance from flow¬ ing back up between the outer and the inner pipes to an undesirable extent. In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 , the solidifiable substance is intended to be supplied to the cavity 6 through the inner pipe 5, to which end at least one inlet opening (not shown) is provided, preferably in the upper part of the pipe 5. Suitably, there is also provided a non-return valve or like device (not shown) for preventing undesirable return flow of the solidifiable substance supplied to the cavity 6. In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 2, said arrange¬ ment coinciding essentially with the Fig. 1 embodiment, there is provided a central rod 23, which extends up through the pipe 5 and is connected to the bottom plate 17, and which is provided on its upper part with a stop nut or like device, which co-acts with the stop plate 25 arranged in the frame structure 9, so as to provide a terminal stop for the pipe 2, therewith limiting the extent to which the pipe 2 can be lifted. The arrangement also includes force-transmission means in the form of a yoke-like ' element 26 connected to the upper part of the p ) CO O rt Z μ- μ- o tr CO ft y & ro ro y CO H ø CO o ft ft ro ø Hi μ- Pi Z O y Hi 0 y 0 rt CO μ- Ω ct y Pi PJ J ro tr y tr μ- tr ft y ft H Hi μ- ~< ro μ- H Hi cr • 0 μ- in o CO ro 3 Pi TJ ft • tr H ^ & J μ- O z tr ro ø Hi ft tr 0 Φ o 6 ro <: CO I H ø ro 0 tr 3 Ω tr y ro ro TJ CO Pi ft H PJ rt O J ro ø Pi ro tr H CO ft 0 ft ~< ro CO Ω • * O 0 Ω ro rt ro H y CO tr ø ro 0 μ- o ro rt CO CO μ- ro ft TJ μ- CO CO tr ø- μ- ø H Pi TJ rt μ- o ft ro rt o ø 0 " iQ rt αi ro tr rt tr tr • ro tr Ct ro Ω ro i ro y < < x PJ ts J μ- ro tr rt y rt H O o < rt ro ro ro ø Ω cr. ft Ω o ro z 0 y z o ft y y 0 0 J y ct Hi Ω tr rt ft 0 ø- O J ct ro PJ or tr μ- ø ro ft J to to _» __ CTI O cπ o cπ o cπ U) U) to to __ cπ o cπ o cπ o cπ ro Ω tr TJ μ- 3 μ- H o Ω Ω <! o o rt co TJ CΩ 0 y TJ tr rt *_i TJ P TJ ft TJ TJ P CO rt Z Z P P μ- H ø ro ø rt ø o P μ- H TJ ø 4 0 ro ft Hi y μ- ro tr μ- ro CΩ O ro μ- y tr 0 tr tr tr H 0 y ro O rt < ro 0 ø ft ft ro tr ø P 3 TJ ro iQ ø CO Hi TJ P y D y μ- rt CΩ y CO CD tr ro z H. ro H μ- CΩ ro 0 y μ- ro 0 CΩ ro ft μ- μ- ro Ω ro P Ω Ω tr μ- rt ro H 0 ø y o CO P o 0 P ro rt Ω y rt ø Ω « rt o rt ø ro CO O tr ø 4 ø μ- ø ft ft rt y H ro y P ft ø Hi Λ H ro Hi | to ft H H μ- ro t ft CO 0 in Φ ro rt μ- μ- y •^ CO CO P O 0 P rt TJ ro ro — - P ft o ft rt ti ¬ 0 rt 0 CO O P o tr 0 CΩ y H ro ti¬ μ- μ- 0 μ- H P o ti¬ μ- ø μ- 0 & 0 ro 0 ø 4 H rt μ- ø 0 ø P o cr rt y CD ø ro CΩ 0 CO Ω CΩ rt 1 ro CΩ tr 0. ø en H H ro H tr O ø ft y rt ro tr P 00 CO rt iQ μ- ft μ- — - TJ μ- ft rt Hi H 0 ro Hi J CO tr ro tr *» P rt Ω rt y o o U) μ- y Ω y ro or cr ø rt O P H o 0 y to tr μ- rt tr 0 ft μ- y 0 ø ø P rt y H § ø TJ H μ- CO o 0 CO ft tr Hi H o o ct y ro O ro ft 0 ro Ω tr o Hi ft μ- rt Ω H tr Hi Ω rt TJ TJ ft ft P μ- ro H <! tr Hi y ro Ω ro ø rt o y o CD CD ro ti¬ J ro tr ro 0 • : μ- 3 CO CO P μ- ro y Hi TJ TJ H 3 Hi CO ro ro rt Hi y P ro H ro ø ø ro TJ Ω P 0 ft ft y rt μ- H ro P 0 0 CO TJ O ft tr 0 P ft Ω P ft ro Ω i-s t ft cπ Φ y P μ- ro P tr N y CD Hi 0 H H co μ- rt P P CΩ ø ø 4 tr Hi CO P «. CO rt P <! ft ro CO TJ ro ro μ- ro CΩ rt 0 3 H μ- TJ o rt rt ct ft ro ro o to CO 0 ft μ- rt O Ω μ- 3 TJ ft ø • ro ro μ- O <! ro J o J H ft H 0 0 ro rt rt in tr μ- rt tr ro P P TJ 0 μ- H ø 0 CD rt μ- P o CΩ * ro Ω H rt 5 tr o ro TJ ø ~< O ø H μ- Z rt H rt ø Φ ts y rt tr y rt H o CΩ Ω ro tr ro ro Hi ro iQ ft rt TJ ro TJ y tr Hi •«• ft K: z o tr ro ro CD y P P CD ro y rt o Ω ø CT ~< • P ø D u ro rt rt P μ- tr ^ ro 1 ft y μ- CΩ tr ø 0 TJ tr H P ro CO • H rt Ω P ø 4 tr ø CΩ ro . 3 P P μ- ft J ft CO *< TJ μ- ro Ω rt P y rt Φ o 0 ro • ro TJ iQ 0 H ^1 rt ro 0 CO μ- o μ- tr TJ ro y H μ- »-3 ts & μ- Hi to P 0 ft μ- TJ ro μ- ro rt Ω 0 TJ Hι z μ- 0 ct ro rt ro Hi ft ft P ft tr rt Ω n o CO iQ tr y ro TJ P i H ø 4 tr 0 * μ- ro μ- ro tr tr o *< rt y O ro 0 0 P TJ 0 μ- CΩ H o ro P y Hi • 3 0 0 S- P P H, 3 y ro μ- ro to H ft • ro CΩ m CΩ y 3 0 μ- ts ft o 0 ft 1 H y ti¬ μ- ft H Ω tr Hi μ- ~< ø Ω o 0 rt CΩ P ft y ft ro y 0 ► <: P rt ro ro ø P CD ro y 0 rt tr rt Ω μ- ro _ o z μ- tr TJ tr r H rt ro • H y ø •^ 0 ø 4 ft H P Ω i H ro y 1 Ct o H P CΩ 0 tr ø CO H ro ø y 0" cπ ro ft ft Ω •^ y P ro rt TJ o ft *o - tj ro rt rt z O rt •<: ro • Z ι-3 ft μ- μ- tr P CΩ 0 O ø 4 O Hi o *_ ft y Ω ro P O tr Hi • o S <J CO μ- tr 0 •^ ø P P J μ- Hi r 0 o CΩ P ø rt o XX H CO μ- o P CO P y D CΩ μ- rt ro n μ- ft μ- rt o tr 0 tr H μ- 0 cπ Ω ~< H 0 ft 0 P Ω ft y y μ- Hi Ω 0 ro 0 • P iQ ft CO ro ft CO CO Ω rt • CD H μ- fi y 0 ro ro y 3 o ø 4 P μ- ft Φ i • TJ rt μ- rt μ- 0 rt CD μ- 0 ft ro H y ft CΩ ft Hi TJ H ø rt ro rt ro n CO tr rt P tr Hl H P o TJ H • CO ro H ft \ P μ- ro y ro ft Ω P CΩ rt tr —- ro 0 CD μ- TJ ro Hi H 0 Ω ø TJ 0 μ- TJ ft . fD μ- O 0 ro Hi P ro Q o tr tr 0 tr ro μ- ω CΩ y O TJ ro 0 Ω P ro 0 o P Hi H ft X μ- rt 0 ro o y tr ro ø • co y <! ø y o H 0 ro 0 CO H ft et ø ø rt Ω μ- Ω P c P μ- to H ro CO H TJ 0 ft CD y P ro ts rt 0" O H ft o ø 4 P ft rt ro tr H ø ø P •* rt μ- rt H μ- H ft ro <! ø ft P tr O y μ- rt μ- ro tr μ- tr y y ro ft Φ ø φ P Z TJ tr μ- Hi ~< ro ft μ- rt μ- ø ro TJ y CΩ rt tr ø Hi CΩ y co ro y ro o ro rt ø y ro© , ro N μ- Hi rt ø ft • 3 tr CD LQ 0 ro TJ H ro μ- TJ ct rt ø 4 Ω rt ro P Hi μ- CΩ ~< CΩ iQ P μ- Z ro H y H P y ro ø CO co 0 tr Ω CD CD ø 4 cπ Φ ft tr μ- ø o rt Ω J =3 rt P f< ct CΩ P Z rt 0 H P Ω P •^ ^ H y H ro σ. P ro P TJ tr K: Ω CΩ tr 0 Ω y tr rt TJ rt o 0 TJ P 0 O ro to ft rt • Φ P 0 y ro J •«• P 0 y ro P tr ro rt TJ CO tr o 3 ^ μ- ft 0 3 0 O rt ø" ro H CO y ø 0 <: y y H y CΩ ø 4 0 rt ro O rt TJ TJ o P ts CO tr P H CO rt ro ro CO rt μ- y Hi 0 rt rt CΩ P ro tr H o ro ft P 0 rt ~< rt rt tr ft rt μ- tr rt ft ti¬ y ro P tr CΩ ø Hi CD μ- Hi TJ H CO tr, μ- μ- • μ- tr rt ro *< μ- ro y 0 ro μ- Ω 0 CΩ to H O μ- 1 3 ct ft Z ø rt CΩ y μ- Hι ft Hi Ω 1 CD y ro o ft ø rt CD tr tr y o m 0 P μ- rt ro 0 rt 1 ro ro y ø ø 1 y O ft used in accordance with the invention is preferably concrete, thereby avoiding problems due to caviation. Although the invention has been described in the afore- going with reference to a number of embodiments thereof, it will be understood that further embodiments and minor modifications are conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, devices other than hydraulic devices may be used to generate the aforesaid vertically acting force, such as mechanical and pneumatic devices. In addition, the frame structure may be anchored, for example, in the ground in some suitable manner, in order to limit upward movement. Embodiments are also conveivable in which solidifiable substance is supplied both through the body, or inner pipe 5, and through the gap located between the outer pipe 2 and said body. It will also be understood that the outer pipe 2 and the body 5, i.e. the inner pipe, need not have a circular cross-sectional shape, but may, for example, have a square cross-sectional shape. Limit-position stops, sealing devices and non-return valves may, of course, be arranged in a number of ways. For example, a non-return valve may be provided in the vicinity of the upper part-of the ' pipe 5, in the vicinity where solidifiable substance is supplied to the pipe. Variants are conceivable in which movable limit-position stops are provided, such as to enable upward movement of the pipe 2 to be limited b said stop at several levels in the vertical direction, i.e. at several locations during the successive lifting of the pipe 2. The arrangement may also be. supplemented with cleansing means, operating with water under pressure for example, optionally mainly in connection with component parts where solidified substance is supplied to the cavity 6. Such cleansing eliminates the formation of obstructive plugs of solidifiable substance. The invention is thus not restricted to the described and illustrated embodiments and modifications can be made within the scope of the following claims. With regard to the choice of construction materials used, primarily with respect to the outer pipe 2, this pipe may be made of steel, although concrete or some other suitable material may be used.

Claims: O U) to t — _ ___ cπ o cπ o cπ o π ft tr y μ- TJ μ- ft Co o Hi o CO to ft z Z ct 0 Ω P Ω CO Ω rt rt P ro rt co CO μ- rt TJ _ ! o ro y CO μ- ø tr • <J μ- ø P • μ- P tr tr Hi- P tr o 0 o ø 4 K; ø P o 0 ø cn tr μ- • μ- Hi J Q P ro y ct μ- co H ro D <! y ø y 0 CD Ω n y TJ H J TJ ø rt TJ ro rt H y ro ft f ø rt μ- ro Ω y CΩ . — . ø 4 rt Ω y TJ μ- o ro H iQ μ- H ct or > TJ t H y CΩ rt ø 4 rt H ft rt y cn o ø 4 P ft 0 ø 0 ro 3 ø o .— . tr P 3 z ft tr 3 P CO μ- CD P ro μ- μ- o H 0 μ- H rt iQ 0 CΩ ro CO Φ iQ t — ' ro rt CD tr TJ o ro Ω tr P 3 ft ø ti¬ Hi ft Z P P CΩ Hi rt tr H rt O ø H • y Z μ- ft rt ro *< μ- CD o P ft ro μ- 0 CD y i ø ro μ- μ- o tr 0 Ω rt ro 0 y tr Ω y TJ -< tr ft 0 ø P ti¬ H ø CD ft P 0 ft ro Z y o H Ω tr CΩ P 0 ro o tr ct 0 CO 3 0 rt ft y tr ro "^. CΩ tr id 0 tr y ro r ft CD o CΩ 0 ti¬ P ft tr «-» ft o ro TJ <! ro 0 J y CΩ o rt Hi o P y Ω μ- X CO μ- ft ro CO TJ ,—. π y H ro H Z z H ro H ø- o H μ- ro P ro Ω ro μ- CO o <. rt P H in to «— - P μ- CD H tr ro CD μ- ro H f . 0" μ- ø ø ro CO Ω ro o •— ' Ω ft g CΩ CO TJ y H cn CO § ft t Hi ft CO TJ ro <! ct y P TJ TJ Ω Ω y ^ Ω Ω μ- CΩ z μ- Ω P CD μ- J rt μ- CO 0 μ- ft TJ y rt CD ro ~< μ- μ- P o Ω y o 0 Hi 0 0 tr J tr tr 0 & 0 Ω H ø 4 CO 0 tr y o μ- ro ø 4 y ϋ ft TJ H ϋ 0 ft CΩ 3 H μ- Hi H y ro y rt CO 0 ro o ro TJ tr CO D Z TJ 3 ro •<! y ro rt ft H μ- P TJ ft P ro Ω TJ ro rt ti¬ X y cn rt ts ro ro J t cr μ- CD Hi μ- ti μ- tr P tr —, P μ- P ro ,— _ μ- TJ P rt P Z ø μ- CΩ ' μ- Ω o o ø μ- ft μ- ø y μ- to to tr ø ø H -~\ 3 μ- Ω P ø tr y P rt ø 0 TJ H ft to Hi i μ- P CΩ ιA ro ft CΩ CO »— ' CΩ o Ω — - μ- y CD ø Ω ro ts to TJ ro ro K: CΩ tr μ- ro 0 P ro ft rt ro J rt ro Ω ro ø t Hi μ- rt J P CΩ ct y ø CΩ rt CO z P μ- P O * ø" μ- o ~< rt CD o y CΩ P o y * -. CO . — . P o P ro ø o 0 ts TJ ft ft CD o J Hi ø 4 μ- Ω 0 y tr> y t ro cπ CΩ μ- TJ CD P • tr o z TJ tr , . Hi ro 0 Ω CD ft CΩ 0 rt Z μ- y r > • *-* ft —_- 0 ft π TJ CΩ H ø . o in P y TJ μ- ro π Ω rt Hi tr — ' o y ø- y ø P H ft «. ^ . tr y y 0 y rt H y H CD ø « f→ rt . — . tr P CΩ CO y CD ø CO rt 3 μ- CO Ω P μ- tr TJ μ- P P ft CD ro P ro ^ < ø 4 to D P H p TJ ft iQ ro μ- cn rt ft ø P ro P μ- ro in μ- ø μ- ø y ft O CO P y ro *— ø P 3 ro & μ- H o p tr 0 XX <. 3 ft ct TJ ø 3 Ω ~< *» CΩ li¬ rt Z rt • * • TJ ft Ω CD ø l_J. Hi li P ti¬ ø ro CO ft 0 μ- • P ro ro ro 0 0" tr KJ P μ- ti¬ • * ro CD μ- O ' ø ro CΩ μ- ro rt — _ 0 H P μ- H ft y Hi tr TJ P ro rt Ω ro 0 ft ft o P co N μ- ø * Ω " % TJ Ω CΩ ro 0 rt Ω o *< ro rt H. CΩ H. ti¬ ft ts Hi μ- 0 ro ø li¬ o CD cn TJ Ω n ft tr tr σ> H μ- 0 P ro • _ ft CO μ- ft y H — • μ- tr ro μ- 3 μ- y ro • — • ro P _ y N Ω ti¬ ft 0 ø TJ y tr rt ft a, ft TJ P Ω ø 0 CΩ ø TJ to TJ CO CD ro tr ro P n y rt μ- Ω ft ~< tr 0 to 6 tr ro H ro Q <! iQ cr H tr P TJ '-— P ft rt ø O y O y P μ- P • * ! ro P ø CD P 0 0 ^ μ- y ^ CO P μ- o ft ft ro < Hl in li¬ μ- y μ- μ- , . Ω rt Hi ft TJ P rt ft ft > < rt tr CΩ ø P μ- rt cn y μ- 0 ø CΩ Ω ø ø cπ ti¬ o TJ rt H 3 y Z X! rt TJ μ- cn Hi tr <• et P Ω en O tr iQ iQ ro μ- H Hi y φ o ø ro X ts tr TJ rt o H ø μ- ro K) tr Ω P ro Ω P H ø Ω o y y 3 ft P y iQ y P Ω 0 CD rt P μ- y ro μ- H li H ct TJ P μ- CD H ro < CD ø ø Ω H H rt CΩ Z O tr Q ø P ro CO ft ct ro P tr H H N rt Ω ft ro o O cn ft TJ tr rt ro Ω tr CO tr y H ø CO y P Ω D ro H ro tr μ- μ- ø H •^ H μ- P h ro 0 y P ro o .£ ft CO μ- Ω ø r ft Hi P ft CD ø tr P μ- μ- o ro TJ P rt ro H Ω CΩ 0 tr 0 < P iQ ro ro J ro 0 y ø TJ Hι ø Hi TJ CO μ- y μ- P cn CD tr CO CΩ t y CΩ tr ro <! ft H ro H iQ H- . Ω 0 * ft P μ- rt H CO TJ y ø ti¬ 0 μ- ft Ω g 4 in y μ- rt μ- H P CD ø P H H Ω 0 P CD 0 ro K! iQ ro H μ- CΩ CO & • ø 4 rt K! rt ø 4 tr N y tr ft ft ft Z rt ro Hi H H 0 P rt CΩ J. P << CD ~< ro o y rt y ro 0 tr ft H CD ro , — . tr P P O μ- rt P P ro ø ft ft ~< μ- tr et H z y o __ tr P H to ro ø ø o ft μ- P 0 Ω Ω . — . o y ø P Xi ts 0 Hi ~j ro μ- P rt — * ø Ω ts H ø ø ft ft CD en 0 y μ- rt- rt l tr «— . IΛ tr 0 ro ft ft • Ω ro • — > ct Hi ø ft ,—. o •+ I y P P <JJ μ- ro CD ft ro rt ø 4 σ. -< P rt μ- ø H H 1 CD tr 1 4. A method according to Claim 1, 2 ^ or.3, characterized in that said body (5) is displaced by means of preferably hydraulic devices acting between the body (5). or force- transmitting means (16,26,30,31) co-acting with the body (5) and a frame structure (9) ςr the like connected to the outer pipe (2) . 5. A method according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized by providing limit-position stops (19,24) or the like at locations corresponding to an uppermost position to which the outer pipe (2) is lifted. 6. A method according to Claim 1,2,3 or 4, characterized by covering, preferably substantially, the bottom orifice • (7) of the outer pipe (2) with a bottom plate (17) or the like when inserting said pipe, said plate (17) being preferably connected to at least one upwardly extending rod (18,23) or the like; and, in that said body (5) is supported by the bottom plate (17) at least during the initial stages of forming said cavity (6). 7. A method according to Claim 6, characterized in that said limit-position stop (19,24) is connected with at least one upwardly extending rod (18,23) connected to the bottom plate (17). 8. A method according to Claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7, charac¬ terized by providing at least one non-return valve (32) , a seal (22,28) or the like for preventing undesirable flow of solidifiable substance present in the cavity (6) during the pressure period. 9. A method according to Claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, characterized by supplying said solidifiable substance to said cavity (6) through the body (5) and/or through the space presented between the body (5) and the outer pipe (2) . 10. An arrangement for use. when- installing piles, compris¬ ing a pipe or the like which is intended to be inserted into the ground and through which a flowing and solidifi¬ able substance is introduced into the ground in ' order to 5 assist, when solidified, in supporting a pile, and in which arrangement means are provided for generating pres¬ sure intended to cause said solidifiable substance to penetrate into the surrounding earth and/or displace said earth so as to form an anchorage for said pile, charac- o terized in that the arrangement further comprises a rais- able and lowerable body (5) effective to exert pressure on solidifiable substance, preferably concrete, present in a cavity (6) created in the vicinity of and at least partly beneath the bottom orifice (7) of said pipe (2) , 5 said pipe (2) constituting an outer pipe (2) , said body (5) being intended to extend beneath the bottom orifice (7) of the outer pipe (2) at least during a given part of said pressure period, and in that means (8)« are provi¬ ded for displacing said body (5) forcibly downwards during 0 said pressure period by means of a downwardly acting force, in order to displace the solidifiable substance present in the cavity (6) . 11. An arrangement according to Claim 10, characterized 5 in that said body (5) comprises an inner pipe (5) arranged at least partially in the outer pipe (2) , said inner pipe (5) preferably being filled with solidifiable substance during said pressure period. 0 12. An arrangement according to Claim 10 or 11, charac¬ terized in that means (8,9) are provided for lifting the outer pipe (2) , subsequent to inserting the outer pipe (2) and said body (5) into the ground, such as to form at least part of said cavity (6) ; and in that said cavity 5 (6) is progressively increased in size by successive withdrawal of the outer pipe (2) , solidifiable substance being successively introduced into said cavity and sub¬ jected to pressure therein. 13. An arrangement according to Claim 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that means (8), preferably hydraulic means, are provided to effect the aforesaid movement of said body (5), these means being intended to act between the body (5) or force-transmitting means (16,26,30,31) co-acting with said body and a frame-structure (9) or_ the like connected to the outer pipe (2) . 14. An arrangement according to Claim 12 or 13, charac- terized in that the arrangement further includes limit- position stops (19,24) or like elements corresponding to an uppermost position of the outer pipe (2) , such as to limit the extent to which the outer pipe (2) can be lifted. 15. An arrangement according to Claim 10,11,12,13, or 14, characterized in that the arrangement further includes a bottom plate (17) or the like effective to preferably substantially cover the bottom orifice of the outer pipe (2) when inserting said outer pipe (2) into the ground, said plate (17) being preferably connected to at least one outwardly extending rod (18,23) or the like, said body (5) being supported against the plate (17) at least during the initial stages of creating said cavity (6) . 16. An arrangement according to Claim 14 or 15, charac¬ terized in that the limit-position stop (19,24) is connected to at least one upwardly extending rod (18,23) connected to the bottom plate (17). 17. An arrangement according to Claim 14,15 or 16, characterized in that the arrangement further comprises at least one non-return valve (32), sealing means (22,28) or the like effective to prevent undesirable flow, such as back-flow, of said solidifiable substance introduced into the cavity (6) . 18. An arrangement according to Claim 10,11,12,13,14,15, 16 or 17, characterized in that, said solidifiable. sub¬ stance is intended to be introduced into the cavity (6) through the body (5) and/or through the space * defined by the body (5) and the outer pipe (2) . 19. An arrangement according to Claim 10,11,12,13,14,-15,16, 17 or 18, characterized in that the arrangement further includes a yoke-like frame structure (9) comprising sub¬ stantially vertically extending parts (10) " which are connected at the bottom thereof to the outer pipe (2) and between which there extends a. transverse part (11) which supports and constitutes a holding-up means for at least one substantially vertically acting hydraulic piston- cylinder device (12) having a piston rod (13) whose lower * end (14) is connected to said body (5) or to force- transmitting means (16,26,30,31) co-acting with said body; and in that a bottom plate (17) is arranged beneath the bottom orifice (7) of the outer pipe (2) ; and in that at least one rod (18,23) extends upwardly from the bottom plate (17) to a position preferably located above the surface of the ground, at least one rod (18,23) having provided at its upper part limit-position stops (19,24) intended to co-act with means (20,25) located in the vicinity of the upper part of the outer pipe (2) , so as to limit vertical upward movement of the outer pipe (2) by means of said limit-position stop and said means.

Inventors: LINDELL EDVIN, LINDELL, EDVIN
Applicants: LINDELL EDVIN, LINDELL, EDVIN
Application year: 1986
Main classification: E02D5
IPC codes: E02D5