WASTE TANK APPARATUS AND HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR

Abstract: A hydraulic drain valve actuator (20) is interposed in a cleaning fluid path before a spray/rinse outlet. Fluid under pressure activates a piston (24) which operates the drain valve (30). A precharge reservoir is also interposed in the supply line before the spray rinse outlet to store a measured precharge which drains into the tank after the drain valve (30) has closed. A manual override (60) is provided to open the drain valve (30) in the event of a failure of the hydraulic system.

Description: The present invention relates to waste tank apparatus and to hydraulic actuators. The invention is applicable inter alia to apparatus adapted to be installed in an aircraft lavatory waste tank. In most aircraft lavatory systems currently in use, a waste tank is provided in conjunction with the lavatory. During a flight, the waste tank, which may be used with a recirculating toilet system or, alternatively with a fresh water system, is utilized to retain human wastes. At the conclusion of the flight, the tank is drained by ground service personnel. During that process, the tank is rinsed out with a cleaning fluid which may include deodorants and disinfectants, and is provided with a predetermined quantity of precharge liquid (depending on the installation), prior to the next fight of the aircraft. In waste systems of the prior art, the tank drain valve is connected through a cable assembly to a manual release mechanism, which is located at the service panel. As noted in our U.S. Patent No. 4,338,689, alignment problems were encountered with a valve that was manually operable through a cable. Prior art systems employed a long rigid extension tube to ensure continued alignment of the valve in the valve seat. The above-mentioned patent, however, illustrated an elastomeric valve plug which could accomodate some degree of misalignment and still form an adequate seal for the tank. The tanks of the prior art also included a special fitting or nipple which was adapted to connect to a servicing vehicle. The vehicle supplied a cleaning and rinsing fluid which was applied to the interior of the tank through a spray system. After the drain valve was seated, the same spray system was used to impart a premeasured precharge to the tank. In servicing a waste tank according to prior art, a technician would couple a waste line to the nipple at the service panel. The technician would then, manually, through use of a cable system, open the drain valve, dumping the contents of the tank into the coupled waste line. A cleaning fluid line would then be connected to an appropriate intake port through which a combination of a cleaning and disinfecting fluid could be applied, through a spray line to clean the interior of the tank while the drain valve was kept open. After a predetermined time interval, the drain valve would be closed by releasing the cable. The tank was then precharged by permitting additional, rinsing/cleaning fluid to be supplied for a timed interval or until the predetermined quantity of fluid had been furnished. The prior art system became a source of at least two major problems, even with the modified drain plug of the above-mentioned patent. One problem was cable side loads which made actuation difficult and which contributed to breakage. A partial disassembly of the tank and aircraft was required to reinstall a new cable system. In addition, the elements of the cable system required service and maintenance and, because of the hostile environment, from time to time would become inoperable, preventing the operation of the drain valve. A second, potentially more serious problem may be caused by a service technician, when, either through inattention or carelessness, he fails to shut off the cleaning/rinsing supply after the specified time interval has elapsed. As a result, the tanks are given an excessive precharge. In some instances, this would only require a premature limit on the usage of the lavatory, since, one the tank is determined to be full, further usage is prohibited. This circumstance will occur during the flight to the inconvenience of the passengers, and the lavatory must be taken out of service. In those aircraft which have a common tank for all of the lavatories, such an excessive precharge might require a shut down of all lavatories part way through a busy flight on a crowded aircraft, to the great distress and inconvenience of passengers and crew. A more serious consequence of an overflow of the tank during servicing is the possibility of serious structural damage to the aircraft. The cleaning/­ rinsing fluid tends to be highly corrosive to metallic parts and any overflow into the lavatory compartment or into the inaccessible interior of the fuselage of the aircraft, creates a potential hazard to the integrity of the structural and control elements of the aircraft. What is needed is a system than can automatically open the drain valve upon the application of use cleaning/rinse fluid, and at the same time provide a predetermined quantity of precharge fluid to the tank, specific to the type of aircraft being serviced, without any special attention required of the service technician. According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided waste tank apparatus comprising a tank waste valve operator means arranged to open the valve automatically in response to the supply of servicing fluid. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided waste tank servicing apparatus comprising, in combination with a waste tank, a reservoir for containing a measured quantity of servicing fluid, and means for releasing fluid from the reservoir to the tank after a tank waste valve has closed. Another aspect of the invention provides waste tank servicing apparatus comprising means arranged when supplied from a source of servicing fluid to perform the following operations in sequence automatically, open a tank waste valve, charge a fluid reservoir and spray or otherwise clean the tank with fluid from the source while the reservoir is filling or after it has been filled, and arranged after the supply of fluid has been cut off to close the valve and to discharge the contents of the reservoir into the tank. According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided, waste tank apparatus having a drain valve, a hydraulic valve actuator characterised by: (a) first means adapted to connected to a source of fluid under pressure; (b) piston means, connectable to the drain valve; (c) bias means acting upon said piston means to maintain the drain valve in the closed position; (d) cylinder means carrying said piston means for linear motion therein and coupled to said first means for applying fluid under pressure to drive said piston means against said bias means for opening the drain valve; and (e) outlet means coupled to said cylinder means for releasing fluid from said cylinder means into said tank; whereby applicable of fluid to said piston means under pressure greater than said bias means, moves said piston to open the drain valve and to supply fluid to the waste tank for cleaning while draining the tank and, in the absence of fluid under pressure, said bias means can return said piston means, thereby closing the drain valve. For a better understanding of the invention, and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is an idealized sketch of a waste tank servicing assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a detailed view of a fluid operated drain vale of the assembly of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a view of the valve of Figure 2 shown in an "open" configuration; Figure 4 is an idealized sketch of one embodiment of a precharge reservoir; and Figure 5 is an alternative embodiment of a precharge reservoir suitable for use with the present invention. Turning first to Figures 1 and 2, a waste tank servicing assembly 10 is illustrated in idealized diagrammatic form. A waste tank 12 is installed in the aircraft and so much of the tank 12 as is necessary to illustrate the operation of the system is shown. A fluid intake line 14 leads to a fitting at a service panel 15 to which a service truck may attach a line providing cleaning and rinsing fluid to clean the tank 12. A check valve 16 is provided to supply the cleaning and rinsing fluid and is coupled, through a fluid line 18 to an intake port 19 of a fluid operated drain valve assembly 20. The drain valve assembly 20 includes a piston housing 22, a movable piston 24 and a return spring 25 (Figures 2 and 3) that is adapted to bias the piston 24 toward the bottom of the housing in the fully extended configuration. A spider element 26 is mounted on the top of the piston 24 to permit manual actuation of the piston as explained below. Coupled to the piston 24, is an actuator rod 28 that terminates in a self aligning valve assembly 30 (Figure 2) as illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 4,338,689, cited above. A bellows assembly 32 surrounds the actuator rod 28 and excludes the contents of the waste tank 12 from the interior of the bellows 32 and the drain valve assembly 20. A drain orifice 34 is provided at the base of the tank 12 and is normally maintained closed by the fully extended piston 24 causing the valve assembly 30 to engage the valve seat 36. A pressure relief opening 38 extends through actuator rod 28 to equalize the pressure in the drain line with the ambient pressure in the tank 12 and to drain fluid that remains in the housing 22 when the cleaning and rinsing fluid is shut off. A bleed port 39 communicates through the piston 24 to permit flow from the housing interior to the relief opening 38. This also permits easy opening of the drain valve as well as the access port and plug of the drain line at the service panel 15 by preventing any pressure differential which could otherwise exist and tend to prevent easy opening. A fluid outlet port 40 is provided in the piston housing 22 at a location in the housing 22 near the upper end of the piston stroke. Cleaning and rinsing fluid exists the fluid pressure cavity and is diverted through a check valve 42 to a precharge tank 44. Should the pressure drop to a valve wherein the bias spring 25 can overcome that pressure to return the piston 24, when the piston 24 passes the outlet port 40, the port 40 is effectively closed. If the fluid pressure is sufficient, the piston 24 will be held and the port 40 will remain open. The piston 24 and outlet port 40 might act as a "servo" circuit maintaining the piston 24 at a position wherein the fluid pressure on the piston 24 just equals the restoring force of the bias spring 25. Any greater fluid pressure further drives the piston 24, thereby passing more fluid to the outlet port 40, whilst a lower pressure permits the piston 24 to return, bleeding the contents of the chamber through the bleed port 39 and through the drain valve 30. As the piston 24 returns, the valve assembly 20 becomes seated in the valve seat 36. The precharge reservoir 44 includes a structure 46 that tends to be self emptying. Possible embodiments of the self emptying tank are shown in Figures 4 and 5 below. Figure 4 shows precharge reservoir 44 and structure 46 in more detail. Structure 46 comprises a pair of flat, flexible, elastic members joined in theirs side edges but not at the bottom. An elongate oval opening exist between reservoir portions 44 and the structure 46. Full communication exists therefore between the two parts, but while the reservoir 44 is filled above the top of tube 48 and primary outlet will be through rinse or spray ring 50. When flow cases and the level in reservoir 44 falls below the top of tube 48, the liquid will flow slowly and steadily under its own weight between the elastic members of structure or valve 46. The precharge reservoir 44 includes an outlet line 48 which goes into a rotatable spray rinse nozzle assembly 50. In alternative embodiments, the outlet line 48 could be coupled to a conventional spray ring (not shown) or other waste tank cleaning apparatus which may be found in the waste tank 12. In Figure 3, the fluid operated drain valve assembly 20 is shown in greater detail with the piston 24 at its upper limit of travel, fully compressing the bias spring 25 and opening fluid outlet port 40. As can be seen, the bellows 32 is compressed and the self aligning valve assembly 30 is fully disengaged from the drain orifice 34 of the tank 12. An emergency cable assembly 60 includes a pull ring 62, and a rod 64. A cable 70 passes through the piston housing 22 and through an aperture in spider element 26 and an opening in the piston 24. The cable 70 terminates in a ball cable end 72. The aperture in spider element 26 does not permit the ball 72 to pass through and therefore upward movement of the pull ring 62 causes the ball end 72 to engage the spider 26, thereby lifting the piston 24 to its upper limit, opening the outlet port 40. In use, it may be assumed that the waste tank 12 is ready for draining the cleaning and the aircraft is under-going service. Maintenance personnel couple a fluid supply line to a port in the service access panel 15 and couple a waste drain line to the waste drain orifice in the service panel 15, as well. All plugs or valves at the service panel are opened in preparation for the draining of the tank 12. The service truck then supplies cleaning/rinsing fluid under pressure to the port and through the fluid intake line 14 through the check valve 16. The fluid under pressure then drives the piston 24 against the bias spring 25, thereby withdrawing the self aligning valve assembly 30 from the valve seat 36 and drain orifice 34 of the waste tank 12. The interior of the piston housing 22 fills with fluid driving the piston 24 upward. At this point, the drain valve is fully open and contents of the tank 12 flow out into the waste drain system. As the piston 24 nears the upper limit of travel, the piston passes the outlet port 40 allowing fluid to flow through the check valve 42 into the precharge reservoir 44. As the cleaning/rinsing fluid continues to be supplied from the service truck, the piston 24 reaches a shoulder of the housing 22, fully opening the outlet port 40 and filling the precharge reservoir 44. Excess fluid from the reservoir 44 passes through the outlet line 48 into the spray rinse nozzle assembly 50. The interior of the tank 12 is then sprayed with cleaning and rinsing fluid which is permitted to drain from the tank 12, as well. A limited amount of fluid passes through the pressure relief opening 38 and also exits the tank 12. Generally, a prescribed time interval is allocated for this operation. The service technician is instructed to provide cleaning/rinsing fluid for the prescribed interval. So long as fluid is being supplied from the service truck, however, the piston 24will be held in its uppermost position and the contents of the tank 12 can freely drain into the waste line. At some point in time, however, the technician will shut off the fluid supply from the truck. As the pressure drops in the fluid line 14, the check valve 16 will close. The force of the bias spring 25 will now prevail, forcing the piston 24 downward. Any fluid trapped within the housing 22 is expelled through the bleed port 39 and will flow into the pressure relief opening 38 and then into the main waste line 34. As the piston 24 continues downward, the valve assembly 30 will seat itself in the valve seat 36 and the drain orifice 34 will be occluded. The technician at this point may disconnect from the fluid port at the service panel 15 and, after a reasonable interval, may close any valves and/or plugs at the service panels, disconnect the drain line and secure the access port hatch. The technician has now completed his servicing of the waste tank 12. When the valve assembly 30 is seated, sealing the tank 12, the precharge reservoir 44 still retains a supply of cleaning/rinsing fluid. The fluid retained within the reservoir 44 will be discharged either through the spray rinse nozzle 50 or through a reservoir drain 46 which has been provided for this purpose. The reservoir tank contents thereby become the waste tank precharge that is recommended prior to placing the waste tank into use. Such a precharge is essential if a recirculating toilet system is employed, and is nevertheless useful in conjunction with other types of toilet systems for odor control. Turning next to Figure 5, there is shown, in side section view, a precharge reservoir 144 according to a further embodiment of the present invention. As seen, the reservoir 144 includes a substantially rigid outer enclosure 146, in which is placed a collapsible bladder-reservoir 148. An inlet 150 supplies fluid to the reservoir 144 and an outlet 152 is adapted to be coupled to a rinsing apparatus such as the spray ring 50 illustrated in Figure 4 above. An outlet valve 154 releases the content of the collapsible bladder reservoir 148 into the outer enclosure 146. The opening of outlet valve 154 is sufficiently small so that the fluid under pressure, when applied to the inlet 150, fully expands the bladder reservoir 148 to the dotted position, shown in Figure 5. When the fluid is no longer provided, the pressure drops and the fluid held within the bladder-­ reservoir 148 is permitted to escape through the outlet valve 154 as the bladder collapses to its normal, uninflated state. Valve 154 may be of construction similar to that of valve structure 46 of Figure 4 in that it may comprise a pair of elastomeric sheets bound at the sides. The valve is sufficiently small that even if fluid escapes it is insufficient to prevent extension of the bellows. Valve structure 154 of structure 46 may simply be in effect a small orifice or may have outlet characteristics ranging in response to fluid pressure. Thus these valves might merely have limited orifices so that the flow is small compared to the volumes of fluid flowing through the rinse rings to flush the tank. When the cleaning operation is completed, the predetermined precharge can be added to the tank at a much slower rate which is controlled by the size and flow characteristics of the valve. A check valve 156 prevents fluid from leaving the bladder reservoir 148 except through the outlet valve 154. As fluid flows into the outer enclosure 146, it continues to exit through the outlet 152 into the spray ring 50 and supplies the precharge to the waste tank discussed above. Clearly other precharge reservoir embodiments can be provided which are collapsible and tend to return to the collapsed state. Other embodiments of a hydraulic valve operating system can be devised according to the present invention and the scope of invention should be limited only by the scope of the claims appended hereto. Thus, the described lavatory tank cleaning system includes a fluid operated waste drain valve and an auxiliary reservoir for precharge, serially connected thereto. The valve and tank are connected in the clean/rinse line between the intake port and the spray rinse elements. The fluid operated drain valve includes a hydraulic piston with a return spring whose force can be overcome by the fluid pressure available from the service vehicle. The piston, in its housing, together with a rod that couples to the waste drain valve, provides substantial stability and rigidity without the usual side loads imposed by the manual pull cable, to assure continued alignment of the valve with the valve seat. The continued provision of cleaning/ rinsing fluid to the system maintains the drain valve in the open position. The flowing fluid fills the precharge reservoir and from there enters the spray rinse system. The technician can than continue to supply the cleaning/rinsing fluid for as long as is necessary or desirable. So long as fluid is provided under pressure, the waste valve remains open with no danger of overfilling the waste tank. When the fluid flow is cut off, the pressure in the line drops and the drain valve closes, seating the drain valve in its set. The fluid remaining in the piston cylinder is vented to the center of the piston and then to the main waste line. When the drain valve is fully closed, there remains within the precharge reservoir a sufficient quantity of fluid to constitute a precharge for the tank to allow the recirculating pump to operate. In a preferred embodiment of the precharge reservoir, a container has an elastomeric closure that can slowly drain. Alternatively, a normally closed bellows assembly or an elastic, balloon type receptacle, which expands under pressure but can contract when source of pressure is removed, can be employed as reservoirs. As these reservoirs "collapse", the fluid is supplied to the tank, either through the spray rinse system or through a drain valve in the reservoir. Even a simple tank capable of draining slowly could be employed. The service technician need not be concerned with the precharge portion of the cycle, but rather merely turns off the fluid supply at the service panel. Next he can disconnect the waste and cleaning lines and secure the service panel. Although the actual precharging of the tank may require a finite time to complete, it will be completed long before the aircraft is placed into service. The system can be coupled to existing spray rings or can be part of a different, independent spray system, as an integral part of the tank draining and cleaning system.

Claims: 1. Waste tank servicing apparatus comprising a tank waste valve operator means (20) arranged to open the valve (30) automatically in response to the supply of servicing fluid. 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein said operator means (20) comprises hydraulic means (22, 24). 3. Apparatus according to Claim 2 wherein said hydraulic means is arranged to open said value (30) when the pressure of said fluid exceeds a predetermined value. 4. Apparatus according to Claim 3 comprising relieving means (39) for relieving pressure of said fluid in said hydraulic means to permit closure of said valve (30) upon interruption of pressure transmission to said hydraulic means. 5. Apparatus according to Claim 2, 3 or 4 wherein said hydraulic means include a piston (24) coupled to the valve (30); a cylinder (22) housing said piston (24), and means (18) for receiving rinsing fluid to drive said piston for opening the drain valve. 6. Apparatus according to Claim 5 further including manual override means (60), including cable means (70) having a pull ring (6) coupled to said piston (24) and operable from the exterior of the waste tank to open the valve by a pulling of said cable means (70) and said piston (24) to a substantially fully open configuration. 7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 2 to 6 wherein said hydraulic means include bias means (25) for maintaining said piston (24) in an initial position in which the valve (30) is closed. 8. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 to 7 having rinsing means (50), a fluid flow path (40) interconnecting said operating means (20) and said rinsing means (50), and precharge storage means (44), interposed in said fluid flow path (40) whereby following operation of said operating means to open the valve, fluid can pass to fill said precharge storage means (44) and whereby following closure of said valve said precharge storage means is arranged to empty its contents into the tank via said rinsing means as a measured precharge of fluid. 9. Apparatus according to Claim 8 wherein said cylinder (22) includes an outlet port for passing rinsing fluid to said precharge means (44) and wherein said outlet port is operatively coupled to said inlet when said piston (24) has been driven to open the drain valve (30). 10. The combination with a lavatory waste tank having a drain valve and means for rinsing the tank of: (a) hydraulic valve operating means operatively connected to the tank rinse intake line for opening the drain valve when applied rinsing fluid pressure exceeds a predetermined value; and (b) precharge storage means, interposed in the rinse liquid flow path between said valve operating means and the tank rinsing means; whereby connection of a source of rinsing liquid under pressure to the rinse intake line first operates said hydraulic valve operating means to open the drain valve and then fills said precharge storage means before rinsing the tank, and whereby terminating the flow of rinsing liquid to said hydraulic valve operating means permits the drain valve to close, said precharge storage means then emptying its contents into the tank after the drain valve closes as a measured precharge of fluid to the waste system. 11. Waste tank servicing apparatus comprising, in combination with a waste tank, a reservoir for containing a measured quantity of servicing fluid, and means for releasing fluid from the reservoir to the tank after a tank waste valve has closed. 12. Apparatus according to Claim 11, wherein said reservoir (44) is coupled to tank rinsing means (50) and additional reservoir drain means (46) for emptying said reservoir (44) into the tank. 13. Apparatus according to Claim 11 or 12 wherein said reservoir (146) includes an expandible chamber (148) capable of accepting a predetermined volume of fluid under pressure. 14. Waste tank apparatus having a tank, a drain valve (30), means for operating said valve, and means for rinsing the tank, characterised by: precharge storage means (44), interposed in a rinse fluid flow path between said valve operating means and the tank rinsing means, and arranged such that following connection of a source of pressurised rinsing fluid the storage means fills before fluid is passed to the rinsing means for rinsing the tank, and such that after termination of the flow of rinsing fluid to said storage means, said storage means empties into the tank. 15. Waste tank servicing apparatus comprising means arranged when supplied from a source of servicing fluid to perform the following operations in sequence automatically, open a tank waste valve, charge a fluid reservoir and spray or otherwise clean the tank with fluid from the source while the reservoir is filling or after it has been filled, and arranged after the supply of fluid has been cut off to close the valve and to discharge the contents of the reservoir into the tank. 16. For use with waste tank apparatus having a drain valve (30), a hydraulic valve actuator characterised by: (a) first means (18) adapted to connect to a source of fluid under pressure; (b) piston means (24), connectable to the drain valve (30); (c) bias means (25) acting upon said piston means (24) to maintain the drain valve (30) in the closed position; (d) cylinder means (22) carrying said piston means for linear motion therein and coupled to said first means (18) for applying fluid under pressure to drive said piston means (24) against said bias means (25) for opening the drain valve (30); and (e) outlet means (40) coupled to said cylinder means (22) for releasing fluid from said cylinder means into said tank; whereby application of fluid to said piston means under pressure greater than said bias means, moves said piston to open the drain valve (30) and to supply fluid to the waste tank for cleaning while draining the tank and, in the absence of fluid under pressure, said bias means (25) can return said piston means (24), thereby closing the drain valve (30). 17. Waste tank apparatus comprising an actuator according to Claim 16, a waste tank and precharge reservoir means (44) coupled to said outlet means (40) for storing a predetermined volume of fluid for subsequent release to the tank as a precharge. 18. Apparatus according to Claim 17 further including tank rinsing means (50) coupled to said precharge tank means (44), for rinsing the waste tank with applied fluid under pressure, while the drain valve (30) is held open. 19. Apparatus according to Claim 17 or 18 wherein said precharge reservoir means (44) includes means for slowly draining its contents into the waste tank. 20. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 17 to 19 further including manual override means (60), including cable means (70) having a pull ring (62), coupled to said piston means (24) and operable from the exterior of the waste tank to manually open the drain valve (30) by a pulling of said cable means (70) and said piston means (24) against said bias means (25) to an open configuration, whereby applied fluid under pressure can flow through said cylinder means (22) to said precharge reservoir means (44).

Inventors: COLDITZ, EUGENE F., GRILLS, LAURENCE M.
Applicants: KAISER AEROSPACE & ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
Application year: 1986
Main classification: E03D5
IPC codes: E03D5