FUEL CONTROL APPARATUS FOR ENGINE

Abstract: A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) has a temperature sensor (10) for detecting the temperature of the intaken air to the engine (1). The apparatus is operative for correcting the upper limit value (Q N ) of the intaken air amount (Qa) preset in response to the operating characteristic of the engine (1), in the operating range of the engine which does not exhibit the true value of the intaken air amount by the detected output of an air flow sensor (7) due to the reverse-flow effect of the intaken air of the engine, in dependence upon the detected temperature by the temperature sensor.

Description: Background of the Invention This invention relates to a fuel control apparatus for an engine in a vehicle for burning fuel at an optimum air-fuel ratio. Fig. 5 shows a prior-art fuel control apparatus for an engine. In Fig. 5, numeral 1 designates an engine, numeral 2 an intake manifold, numeral 3 a fuel injection valve mounted in the intake manifold 2 to surround the vicinity of the intake port of the engine 1, numeral 4 a surge tank of intake air pressure provided between the intake manifold 3 and an intake conduit 5, numeral 6 a throttle valve provided in the intake conduit 5, and numeral 7 an air flow sensor provided near the upstream end of the intake conduit 5 and provided, for example to be disposed in a ring-shaped air duct. The air flow sensor 7 is an air flow rate measuring instrument for measuring, on the basis of a heat dissipating principle, the weight, the temperature and the density of the intaken air and provides the same as output data. Numeral 8 indicates a controller which calculates and decides the optimum fuel injection amount in accordance with the output of a rotary sensor 9 for detecting the rotating speed of the engine 1 and the output of the air flow sensor 7. The controller 8 is composed, as shown in Fig. 6, of a computer. More specifically, numeral 81 designates an analog/digital converter (hereinafter referred to as "an A/D converter") for converting the analog output of the air flow sensor 7 into a digital signal convenient for calculation processing, numeral 82 an interface circuit for inputting the digital output of the rotary sensor 9, numeral 83 a microprocessor (hereinafter referred to as "a CPU") for calculating an optimum fuel supply amount in accordance with the outputs of the A/D converter 81 and the interface circuit 82, numeral 84 a memory (hereinafter referred to as "a RAM") for temporarily storing various data (including the abovementioned outputs) used at the calculating time, numeral 85 a memory (hereinafter referred to as "a ROM") for storing data such as calculating sequence, and numeral 86 an amplifier for amplifying a fuel supply amount signal outputted from the microprocessor 83. Next, the operation will be described. When the engine 1 is operated in the operating state except the vicinity of full open (WOT) of the throttle valve 6, the output from the air flow sensor 7 becomes a waveform which includes a normal ripple as shown by a curve (a) in Fig. 7. When the area covered by the waveform is calculated, the true intaken air weight can be obtained. Thus, when the microprocessor 83 controls the drive pulse width of the fuel injection valve 3 in accordance with the value produced by dividing the intaken air amount by the rotating speed of the engine, it can provide a desired air-fuel ratio. However, in an engine having less than four cylinders, the output waveform of the air flow sensor 7 becomes as shown by a curve (b) in Fig. 7 due to the reverse-flow from the engine 1 in the special rotating speed range (generally in a range of 1000 to 3000 r.p.m.) near the WOT, and the area indicated by the hatched portion is excessively added to the true intaken air weight. This is due to the fact that the hot-wire type air flow sensor 7 detects and outputs as the intaken air amount a value irrespective of the air flowing direction. The detecting error of the sensor 7 by the reverse-flow depends, as shown in Fig. 8, upon the rotating speed of the engine, and normally occurs from when the vacuum in the intake conduit is near -50mmHg and arrives at 50 % at the maximum in the WOT range. When the fuel supply amount is calculated and injected with respect to a value which contains such a large error, the air-fuel ratio becomes very rich, the combustion in the engine becomes unstable, thereby becoming impossible to practically use. Heretofore, as shown in Fig. 9, the upper limit value (designated by a broken line) is set in the maximum air amount determined for the engine in the area a that the error occurs by the reverse-flow, and stored in the ROM 85, and the detected value of the air flow sensor 7 exceeding this limit value is clipped by the upper limit value as shown by (b) in Fig. 7, thereby suppressing the excessively dense air-fuel ratio. Since the prior-art fuel control apparatus for the engine is composed as described above, the upper limit value of the intake air amount must be set to match the intake air amount characteristic of the engine to be countermeasured at ambient temperature, and the upper limit value must become the upper limit of the mass flow rate at the ambient temperature. However, if the engine is operated, for example, with a high load in the state that the intaken air temperature is high, the output level of the air flow sensor 7 does not reach the average value at the predetermined upper limit value as shown by (c) in Fig. 7 due to the reduction in the air density. Thus, the average value of the output level which contains the reverse-flow is used in the calculation of fuel as it is, with the result that the air-fuel ratio is shifted to the rich side. On the other hand, when the temperature of the intaken air is low, the air density increases. Thus, the air amount actually intaken into the engine is increased to become larger than the upper limit value as shown by (d) in Fig. 7, and the air fuel ratio is shifted to the lean side. Therefore, the air-fuel ratio varies with respect to the intaken air temperature as shown in Fig. 10. In other words, when the upper limit value of the intaken air amount is determined by the engine near the ambient temperature, there arises a problem that the error of the air-fuel ratio increases with the increase in atmospheric temperatures. Japanese Patent Abstract Volume 8 No. 12 (M-269)(1449) January 19, 1984 relates to a fuel injection control method for an internal combustion engine. The method involves the limitation of the sensed air intake amount to a fixed upper limit value during reverse air flow periods in order to prevent an excessively rich fuel mixture being supplied to the engine. The upper limit value of the intake air amount is preset. GB Patent Specification 2 120 390 A (Bosch) describes a method of measuring an air flow inducted by an internal combustion engine. The reference describes an air flow sensing system which comprises a bridge circuit. One arm of the bridge circuit has a first temperature dependent measuring resistor which is used to measure air flow. Another arm of the bridge circuit has a second temperature dependent resistor which permits compensation for the influence of the temperature of the intaken air on the temperature of the first resistor. The method of measuring the flow of air incorporates return flow compensation which involves measuring the time period for which the measured air flow exceeds a predetermined value. The correction of reverse air flow is effected by reversing the polarity of measured intaken air for the same time interval as the measured time period. Summary of the Invention This invention has been made in order to eliminate the disadvantage of the priort-art fuel control apparatus as described above, and has for its object to provide a fuel control apparatus for an engine in which an error of an air-fuel ratio due to the intaken air temperature is removed to obtain a stable combustion state for all operating conditions of the engine. According to the present invention, there is provided a fuel control apparatus for an engine comprising: an air flow sensor for detecting the intaken air amount of the engine; a sensor for detecting the operating speed of the engine; a controller for calculating the fuel supply amount in accordance with the output signal of said sensors, and for clipping the detected intaken air amount to a preset upper limit value, which upper limit value is preset in response to operating characteristics including the speed of the engine, in the event that the air flow sensor does not exhibit the true value of the intaken air amount due to reverse-flow of the intaken air of the engine, the reverse-flow being determined by the controller (8) when the detected intaken air amount exceeds the preset upper limit value for the detected operating speed of the engine; and fuel injecting means controlled by the output signal of the controller for injecting fuel to the intake passage of the engine; characterised in that a temperature sensor is provided for detecting the temperature of the intaken air, wherein, in the operating range of the engine where the detected output of said air flow sensor does not exhibit the true value of the intaken air amount due to the reverse-flow of the intaken air of the engine, the upper limit value of the intaken air amount preset in response to the operating characteristic of the engine is corrected in dependence upon the temperature of the intaken air detected by said temperature sensor. Embodiments of the invention have the advantage that a stable constant air-fuel ratio can be always obtained from the fuel injection valve irrespective of the temperature of the intaken air, the combustion of mixture gas can be stabilized, and the output of the engine can also be stabilized. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a fuel control apparatus for an engine according to an embodiment of this invention; Fig. 2 is a block circuit diagram showing the essential portion of the control apparatus; Fig. 3 is a graphical diagram showing a temperature correction used in this invention; Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the calculating process by a microprocessor; Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of a prior-art fuel supply controller; Fig. 6 is a block circuit diagram of the controller in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a graphical diagram of an air flow sensor; Fig. 8 is a graphical diagram of the detecting error of the air flow sensor; Fig. 9 is a graphical diagram of the output of the air flow sensor versus the rotating speed of the engine; and Fig. 10 is a graphical diagram of the error of the air-fuel ratio. Description of the Preferred Embodiment Now, an embodiment of this invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 1, numeral 10 designates a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of intaken air, which is formed, for example, of a thermistor which provides a variation in the resistance value thereof in response to the temperature of the intaken air, and is provided in the intake conduit 5. The temperature sensor 10 provides detected temperature data of the intaken air to the controller 8. Other elements are equivalent to those shown in Fig. 5, and the corresponding parts are denoted by the same symbols, and will not be repeatedly explained. Next, the operation will be described. When the engine 1 is operated, the intaken air is fed through an air cleaner and the intake conduit 5 into the intake manifold 2, fuel injection valves 3 provided in the intake manifolds 2 of the respective cylinders inject fuel at a predetermined timing to feed mixture gas of preset air-fuel ratio into the combustion chambers of the respective cylinders. At this time, the temperature of the intake air is detected by the temperature sensor 10, the output of which is input to the A/D converter 81 in the controller 8, which converts it into a digital signal, which is, in turn, inputted to the microprocessor 83. Next, the calculating process to be executed by the microprocessor 83 will be described by using the temperature data detected of the intaken air as described above in accordance with the flowchart of Fig. 4. The air flow sensor 7 first reads out the intaken air amount Qa in step 100, and the temperature sensor 10 then reads out the temperature AT of the intaken air in step 101. Then, the intaken air temperature correction coefficient C (AT) in Fig. 3 set in advance in the memory is multiplied by the clipped value Q N (CLIP) of the intaken air amount determined in response to the rotating speed of the engine at the ambient temperature to obtain the clipping correction value Qc in step 102. Subsequently, whether the measured intaken air amount Qa is larger than the clipping correction value Qc or not is judged in step 103. In case of Qa≦Qc, Q=Qa is set in step 104, and in case of Qa>Qc, Q=Qc is set in step 105. Then, the rotary sensor 9 reads out the rotating speed Ne in step 106, Q/Ne is calculated to provide the data of pulse width of the fuel injection valve 3 in step 107. Since the upper limit value of the intaken air amount is always corrected by the intaken air temperature AT by the abovementioned calculating process, the error of the air-fuel ratio due to the difference of the temperature of the intaken air in the operating range near the full open state of the throttle valve 6 can be eliminated to stably burn the mixture gas and to perform the stable operation of the engine. According to this invention as described above, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the intaken air of the engine is provided to correct the upper limit value of the intaken air amount by the output of the temperature sensor in the operating range of the engine where the air flow sensor does not exhibit the true value of the intaken air amount. Therefore, a stable air-fuel ratio can be provided irrespective of the temperature of the intake air, the formation of a stable gas mixture and a stable combustion state of the engine can be provided.

Claims: A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) comprising: an air flow sensor (7) for detecting the intaken air amount of the engine (1); a sensor (9) for detecting the operating speed of the engine (1); a controller (8) for calculating the fuel supply amount in accordance with the output signal of said sensors (7, 9), and for clipping the detected intaken air amount to a preset upper limit value, which upper limit value is preset in response to operating characteristics including the speed of the engine (1) in the event that the air flow sensor (7) does not exhibit the true value of the intaken air amount due to reverse-flow of the intaken air of the engine, the reverse-flow being determined by the controller (8) when the detected intaken air amount exceeds the preset upper limit value for the detected operating speed of the engine; and fuel injecting means (3) controlled by the output signal of the controller for injecting fuel to the intake passage (2) of the engine (1); characterised in that a temperature sensor (10) is provided for detecting the temperature of the intaken air, wherein, in the operating range of the engine (1) where the detected output of said air flow sensor (7) does not exhibit the true value of the intaken air amount (Qa) due to the reverse-flow of the intaken air of the engine (1), the upper limit value of the intaken air amount preset in response to the operating characteristics of the engine (1) is corrected in dependence upon the temperature of the intaken air detected by said temperature sensor (10). A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) according to Claim 1, wherein said air flow sensor (7) is of a hot-wire type air flow sensor. A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein a rotary sensor for detecting the rotating speed of the engine is used as said sensor (9) for detecting the operating speed of the engine. A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) according to Claim 1, Claim 2 or Claim 3, wherein said temperature sensor (10) is a thermistor. A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein said temperature sensor (10) is mounted in the intake conduit (5) upstream from the fuel injection valve (6). A fuel control apparatus for an engine (1) according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein said controller (8) comprises a memory (85) for storing the upper limit value (Q N ) of the intaken air amount set in response to the rotating speed of the engine (1), means for reading out a correction coefficient (C) stored in advance in accordance with the output of said temperature sensor (10) to multiply the correction coefficient (C) by the upper limit value (Q N ) of the intaken air amount outputted from said memory (85) to produce an upper limit correction value (Qc), and means for calculating the optimum fuel supply amount by using the intake air amount (Qa) when the upper limit correction value (Qc) is larger than the intake air amount (Qa) detected by said air flow sensor (7) and using the upper limit correction value (Qc) when smaller than the intaken air amount (Qa)

Inventors: NISHIMURA, YUKINOBU, SHIMOMURA, SETSUHIRO, WATAYA, SEIJI
Applicants: MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1986
Main classification: F02D41
IPC codes: F02D41, F02D45, F02M33