VIEWING APPARATUS WITH ADJUSTABLE ALIGNMENT MARKER SUPPORT

Abstract: A viewing apparatus comprising an image intensi­ fier (3) arranged between an objective (1) and an ocular (7) and an alignment member (25) with an alignment marker (28) which is arranged between the image intensifier (3) and the ocular (7) and is adjustable by rotation of an alignment marker support (23) about two orthogonal axes (X, Y) which intersect each other at a virtual point of rotation (M) which is located on an optical axis (17) of the viewing apparatus. The viewing apparatus is par­ ticularly suitable for use as a night sight in civil applic­ ations (protection) and militery applications (aiming).

Description: The invention relates to a viewing apparatus having an image intensifier which is arranged between an objective and an ocular and is provided with an output screen facing the ocular, an alignment member with an alignment marker support displaceable in two orthogonal directions with respect to the output screen being arranged between the output screen and the ocular. In a known viewing apparatus of the kind men­ tioned in the opening paragraph (known from European Patent Application 0 133 729), the output screen of the image intensifier consists of a flat fiber optics plate provided with a phosphor layer. Flat spacer elements separate the phosphor layer from the alignment marker support on the alignment member. Imperfections in the optical system of the image intensifier lead to a curved image, which can be compensated for by means of comparatively expensive electron­ optical means. The invention is based on the recognition of the fact that, when for the adjustment of the alignment member no translatory movements, but rotations are used, both a compensation can be obtained for the said curved image of the image intensifier in a comparatively simple manner and a simple adjustment of the alignment marker can be obtained by means of a curved output screen of the image intensifier. For this purpose, a viewing apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the alignment marker support has an output screen having a first spherical contour substantially corresponding to a second spherical contour of the output screen arranged opposite thereto, which align­ ment marker support is rotatable about a first and a se­ cond axis of rotation, which are at right angles to each other and intersect each other in a virtual point of rotation which is located on an optical axis of the viewing apparatus, the centres of curvature of the first and the second spherical contour substantially coinciding with the virtual point of rotation of the alignment marker support. A preferred embodiment of the viewing apparatus, which is resistant to shocks and vibrations as well as to dust particles and other particles between output screen and input screen, is further characterized in that a holder connected to the alignment marker support has a third spherical contour which engageds and is guided along a fourth spherical contour of a copying member fixedly arranged in the alignment member, the first, second, third and fourth spherical contours having the same center of curvature which coincides with the virtual point of rotation of the alignment marker support, while the first and second spherical contours have different raddi of curvature. A further embodiment of the viewing apparatus, in view the rotation about the first and second axes of rotation is effected in a simple manner by identical means, is further characterized in that the holder is rotatable by means of a first translation member about the first axis of rotation and by means of a second translation member about the second axis of rotation, the first and second trans­ lation members being identical and each having an adjustable pin, which is coupled by means of a driving ball to the hol­ der, which pins are displaceable along two orthogonal lines intersecting each other at a point located on the optical axis of the viewing apparatus and which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the relevant pin. A still further embodiment of the viewing appara­ tus, in which during rotation about one axis of rotation a rotation about the other axis of rotation is prevented in a simple manner, is characterized in that the holder is re­ siliently arranged in the alignment member by means of two return springs acting in orthogonal directions, while a guide ball is arranged diametrically opposite to each of the two driving balls, the driving ball and guide ball forming a pair engaging in elongate slots in the holder, which extend so that their longitudinal directions are at right angles to each other. The invention will be described more fully with reference to the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the viewing apparatus, Fig. 2 shows on an enlarged scale a longitudinal sectional view of the alignment member of the viewing appara­ tus shown in Fig. 1 taken on the line II-II in Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is an elevation of the alignment member shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line IV-IV in Fig. 3. The viewing apparatus shown in Fig. 1 has a telescopic objective 1 of a usual kind and an image intensi­ fier 3 optically coupled thereto. The image intensifier 3 is also of a kind known per se from British Patent Application 2090012 having a curved concave output screen 5. An ocular 7 is coupled optically and mechanically to the image intensifier 3. The ocular 7 comprises a lens system having lenses 9, 11 and 13 secured in a lens fitting 15. The objective 1, the image intensifier 3 and the ocular 7 are aligned along an optical axis 17. The lens fitting 15 is slidably guided in a housing 19 of the ocular 7. An adjust­ ment ring 21 serves to displace the lens fitting 15 along the optical axis 17. By means of the displacement of the lens fitting 15, the eye of the operator can be focused on a point to be described below on the optical axis 17 between the output screen 5 of the image intensifier 3 and an input screen 23 of an alignment member 25 arranged between the im­ age intensifier 3 and the ocular 7. The input screen 23 is secured in a holder 27. An alignment marker 28 (graticule) is present on the input screen 23 (cf. Fig. 3). The input screen 23 therefore acts as an alignment marker support. In general, the situation is such that due to tolerances in the manufacture of the viewing apparatus and/or a support­ ing member 29, by which the viewing apparatus can be secur­ ed, for example on a weapon, the optical axis 17 does not coincide with the axis along which the viewing apparatus has to be aligned. Therefore, the alignment marker has to be adjustable by means of an alignment member with respect to the optical axis 17. The alignment marker is generally ad­ justed to a so-called calibration device with respect to a standard target. After this preadjustment a final adjustment takes place, which is adapted to the eye of the operator. After these two adjustments, the alignment marker is generally no longer located on the optical axis 17. The output screen 5 of the image intensifier 3 has a spherical first contour 31 having a radius R₁, while the input screen 23 has a spherical second contour 33 having a radius R₂. The contour 33 is located at a distance ΔR = R₁-R₂ from the contour 31. In the holder 27 a spherical third contour 35 is formed, which engages and is guided along a spherical fourth contour 37 located on a ring 39, which is fixedly arranged in the alignment member 25 and acts as a copying member. The radius of the third and fourth spherical contours is equal to R₃. In the preferred embodiment of the viewing apparatus shown in the drawing, the centres of curvature on the first, second, third and fourth controus coincide at a point M on the optical axis 17. The point M forms at the same time the virtual point of rotation of the alignment marker support 23 and the holder 27, respectively. The alignment marker support 23 is rotatable about a first axis of rotation X through the virtual point of rotation M by means of a first translation member in the form of a threaded pin 41, which is displaced in the direct­ tion of its longitudinal axis 43 by means of a rotary knob 45. The rotary knob 45 is provided with a threaded bore 47. Since the rotary knob 45 is locked against translation in a bore 49 of the housing 19 by means of a nut 51, the pin 41 performs a translation upon rotation of the knob 45. At its lower end, the pin 41 is provided with a pushing block 53 which is provided with an elongate slot 55. A driv­ ing ball 57 is journalled in the slot 55. The driving ball 57 is journalled at the same time in an elongate slot 59 in the holder 27. The slots 55 and 59 have a trapezoidal cross-section in a direction tranverse to their longitudinal direction and extend so that their longitudinal directions are at right angles to each other. There is arranged diametrically opposite to the driving ball 57 a guide ball 61, which is journalled at one end in an elongate slot 63 in a sliding block 65 and at its other end in an elongate slot 67 in the holder 27. The slots 63 and 67 also have a trapezoidal cross-section, while their longitudinal direct­ ions are at right angles to each other. The longitudinal directions of the slots 55 and 67 and of the slots 59 and 63, respectively, are parallel to each other. The sliding block 65 is guided along a sliding surface 69 of the holder 27 and a sliding surface 71 of the supporting ring 73 engaging the housing 19. A compression spring 75 acting upon the sliding block 65 in the Y direction ensures a journalling free of clearance in the Y direction of the holder 27. The alignment marker support 23 is further rotatable about a second axis of rotation Y through the virtual point of rotation M by means of a second trans­ lation member in the form of a threaded pin 77 (cf. Fig. 3), which is actuated in the same manner as the pin 41. The journalling in the X direction of the holder 27 is quite identical to that in the Y direction. A driving ball 79 and a guide ball 81 arranged diametrically opposite thereto are used for this purpose. The driving ball 79 is journalled in elongate slots 83 and 85, while the guide ball 81 is journalled in elongate slots 87 and 89. Upon rotation of the holder 27 about the X axis, the slots 85 and 89 prevent a simultaneous rotation about the Y axis, while upon rotation about the Y axis and the slots 59 and 63 prevent a simultaneous rotation about the X axis. The balls 57 and 61 as well as the balls 79 and 81 form pairs associated with the X and the Y direction, respectively. In the Z direction, the holder 27 is pressed without clearance against the ring 39 by means of four compression springs 91, 93, 95 and 97 (cf. Fig. 3). The compression springs 91, 93, 95 and 97 are arranged in a manner shown in Fig. 4 for the compression spring 91. The pin 41 is locked against rotation in the adjusted position by means of a threaded pin 99, which is screwed into a bore of the pushing block 53, and is disposed in a groove 100 (cf. Fig. 2) of the ring 73. As already stated, the holder 27 and hence the alignment marker 28 are preadjusted on a calibration device and are subjected to a final adjustment adapted to the eye of the operator with the use of the viewing apparatus in the open field. The lens system of the ocular 7 is moreover displaceable by means of the adjustment ring 21 (cf. Fig. 1) over such a distance with respect to the output screen 5 of the image intensifier 3 that eye deviations of -3 to +5 dioptries can be compensated for. There is preferably focused on a point on the optical axis 17 halfway between the output screen 5 and the input screen 23 or in other words: halfway between the first contour 31 and the second contour 33. In this case, it is ensured that both the output image of the image intensifier 3 and the alignment marker 28 lie within the depth of field of the ocular 7. It should be noted that with a sufficiently large depth of field it is sufficient when the centres of curvature of the first, second, third and fourth contours substantially coincide at the point M. The admissible deviation is determined by the available range of the depth of field of the ocular used and can be defined in a simple manner by those skilled in the art. Attempts will preferably be made to locate the centres of curvature exactly at the point M. However, this also depends upon manufacturing tolerances. It should further be stated that the admissible value of ΔR depends both upon manufacturing tolerances and upon requirements with respect to wear which are imposed on the surfaces of the first contour 31 and the second contour 33. In the ideal case, ΔR should be equal to zero. The risk of damage of the optical contours 31 and 33 by particles of dust and/or of wear is then present, however. Moreover, the viewing apparatus may be subjected to shocks or vibrations, especially if the viewing apparatus is mounted on a weapon. A direct contact between the surfaces of the contours 31 and 33 could lead to damage with ΔR = 0. In the present case, a value of ΔR is therefore chosen which is equal to at most 0.1 mm. Associated values of R₁ and R₂ can then be: R₁ = 40 mm, R₂ = 39.9 mm. A practical value for R₃ is 36 mm. By the use of a copying member (ring 39), in which event upon adjustment of the alignment marker 28 ΔR remains constant during this adjustment, it is ensured that the alignment marker is always located within the range of depth of field of the ocular 7. Moreover, a virtual point of rotation M is obtained which lies within the ocular 7, but which does not require a construction in situ so that the ocular can be arranged at a comparatively short distance from the output screen 3. Thus, a compact viewing apparatus is obtained.

Claims: 1. A viewing apparatus comprising an image intensifier which is arranged between an objective and an ocular and is provided with an output screen facing the ocular, an alignment member having an alignment marker support dis­ placeable in orthogonal directions with respect to the output screen being arranged between the output screen and the ocular, characterized in that the alignment marker support comprises an input screen having a first spherical contour substantially corresponding to a second spherical contour of the output screen arranged opposite thereto, which alignment marker support is rotatable about a first and a second axis of rotation which are at right angles to each other and intersect each other at a virtual point of rotation located on an optical axis of the viewing appara­ tus, the centres of curvature of the first and second spherical contour substantially coinciding with the virtual point of rotation of the alignment marker support. 2. A viewing apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, cha­ racterized in that a holder connected to the alignment marker support has a third spherical contour which engages and is guided along a fourth spherical contour of a copying member fixedly arranged in the alignment member, the first, second, third and fourth spherical contours having the same centre of curvature, which coincides with the virtual point of rotation of the alignment marker support, while the first and second spherical contours have different radii of curvature. 3. A viewing apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, cha­ racterized in that the holder is rotatable by means of a first translation member about the first axis of rotation and by means of a second translation member about the second axis of rotation, the first and second translation members being identical and each having an adjustable pin which is coupled by means of a driving ball to the holder, these pins being displaceable along two orthogonal lines which intersect each other at a point located on the optical axis of the viewing apparatus and which coincide with the longitudinal axis of the relevant pin. 4. A viewing apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, characterized in that the holder is resiliently arranged in the alignment member by means of two return springs acting in orthogonal directions, while a guide ball is arranged diametrically opposite to each of the two driving balls, the driving ball and the guide ball forming a pair engaging in elongate slots in the holder which extend so that their longitudinal directions are at right angles to each other.

Inventors: VAN DULMEN, HENDRIKUS ALBERTUS MARIA
Applicants: N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN
Application year: 1986
Main classification: G02B23
IPC codes: G02B7, G02B23