PYRIMIDINE SULFATES FOR HAIR GROWTH

Abstract: Novel means for growing hair and/or reducing hair loss in mammals comprising the topical application of certain pyridinyl sulfate compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 is a secondary or tertiary amino substituent, e.g., piperidinyl, as well as novel topical compositions for use in this method.

Description: PYRIMIDINE SULFATES FOR HAIR GROWTH DESCRIPTIVE TITLE USE OF PYRIMIDINE SULFATES IN HAIR GROWTH The present application provides a new use of known compositions of matter. In particular, the present invention provides: the use of certain pyrimidine sulfate (inner salt) compounds to grow hair in mammals, particularly in humans, as well as certain novel compositions for use in hair growth. There are many different types of hair loss, the most common being "alopecia" wherein human males begin losing scalp hair at the temples and on the crown of the head as they get older. While this type of hair loss is largely confined to males, hence its common name "male pattern baldness," it is not unknown in women. Hair loss can be seen as gradual hair conversion. Terminal hairs are coarse, pigmented, long hairs in which the bulb of the hair follicle is seated deep in the dermis. Vellus hairs are fine, thin, non-pigmented short hairs in which the hair bulb is located superficially in the derrdis. As alopecia progresses, a transition takes place in the area of approaching baldness wherein the hairs themselves are changing from the terminal to the vellus type. All hair, both human and animal, passes through a life cycle that includes three phases, namely, (1) the anagen phase (2) the catagen phase and (3) the telogen phase. The anagen phase is the period of active hair growth and, insofar as scalp hair is concerned, this generally lasts from 3-5 years. The catagen phase is a short transitional phase between the anagen and telogen phases which, in the case of scalp hair, lasts only 1-2 weeks. The final phase is the telogen phase, which, for all practical purposes, can be denominated by a "resting phase" where all growth ceases and the hair eventually is shed preparatory to the follicle commencing to grow a new one. Scalp hair in the telogen phase is also relatively short-lived, some 3-4 months elapsing before the hair is shed and a new one begins to grow. Under normal hair growth conditions on the scalp, approximately 88< of the hairs are in the anagen phase, only ML in catagen and the remainder in telogen. With the onset of male pattern baldness, a successively greater proportion of the hairs are in the telogen phase with correspondingly fewer in the active growth anagen phase. The remaining result associated with alopecia is the severe dimunition of hair follicles . A bald human subject will average only about 306 follicles per square centimeter , whereas , a non-bald one in the same age group (30-90 years) will still have an average of 460 follicles per square centimeter. This amounts to a one-third reduction in hair follicles which , when added to the increased proportion of vellus hair follicles and the increase number of hair follicles in telogen , is both significant and noticeable. Thus a combination of these factors: (1 ) transition of hairs from terminal to vellus, (2) increased number of telogen hairs - some of which have been shed, and (3) loss of hair follicles that produces "baldness" . Minoxidil ( 6*-amino-1 , 2-dihydro-1 -hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidine- pyrimidine is currently being developed as a hair growth agent for use in the treatment of male pattern baldness . Surprisingly and unexpectedly the present invention provides agents which are faster and more potent than minoxidil in promoting hair growth. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Certain pyrimidine sulfates or inner salts are disclosed and claimed in U.S. Patent 4,287, 338. U. S. Patent 4, 1 39, 61 9 discloses the use of certain N-oxides corresponding to the claimed sulfates to grow hair . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present Invention particularly provides (a) a topical composition for application to mammalian skin comprising (i ) a compound of the formula I wherein Ri Is a moiety selected from the group consisting of moieties of the formula -N(R3) ( i}) , wherein R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl , lower aralkyl, and lower cycloalkyl , and taken together R3 and R may be a heterocyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of aziridinyl , azetidinyl , pyrrolidinyl , piperidino , he ahydroazepinyl , heptamethylenimino , octamethylenimino , morpholino, and 4-lower-alkylpiperazinyl , each of said heterocyclic moieties having attached as substituents on the carbon atoms 0 to 3 lower alkyl groups , hydro xy or alkoxy; ( ii) a topical pharmaceutical carrier . (b) a method for increasing the rate of terminal hair growth in mammal comprising the systemic or topical application of an amoun effective to induce hair growth of a compound of the formula I wherein Rf is a moiety selected from the group consisting o moieties of the formula -N(R3) (Ri|) , wherein 3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen lower alkyl , lower alkenyl , lower aralkyl , and lower cycloalkyl , an taken together R and Rn may be a heterocyclic moiety selected from th group consisting of aziridinyl , azetidinyl , pyrrolidinyl , piperidino hexahydroazepinyl , heptamethylenimino , octamethyleniraino , morpholino and 4-lower-alkylpiperazinyl , each of said heterocyclic moieties havin attached as substituents on the carbon atoms 0 to 3 lower alkyl groups hydroxy or alkoxy; and the pharmacologically acceptable acid additio salts thereof; and (c) a method for arresting or reversi-ng male pattern baldness in human comprising topically applying an amount effective to arrest o reverse baldness of a compound of the formula I wherein R-| is a moiety selected from the group consisting o moieties of the formula *-N(R3) (Rι , wherein R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen lower alkyl , lower alkenyl , lower aralkyl , and lower cycloalkyl , an taken together R3 and Rn may be a heterocyclic moiety selected from th group consisting of aziridinyl , azetidinyl , pyrrolidinyl , piperidino hexahydroazepinyl , heptamethylenimino , octamethyleniraino , morpholino and 4-lower-alkyl i erazinyl , each of said heterocyclic moieties havin attached as substituents on the carbon atoms 0 to 3 lower alkyl groups hydroxy or alkoxy; and the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof . The preparation of the compounds of the formula I is described i U.S. Patent 4, 287 , 388 which Is expressly incorporated by referen herein. The use and formulation of the compounds of this invention int topical compositions may be performed as described in U. S. Paten 4, 139, 619, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein. The dosage employed for the compositions of this invention is from about 0.05 to about 20 weight percent , preferably from about 0. 1 to about 2 percent. These amounts are percentage by weight of the compounds of the formula I used in the claimed compositions to be used in the method of the inβtant invention. These compounds may also be formulated into gels , and may be formulated into conventional liposomal prepar¬ ations. These compounds may also be dissolved in conventional solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) , acetonitrile, di methyl formamide (DMF) , dimethylacet amide (DMA) , and propylene glycol/ethanol/water . The latter solvent is preferred. Those of ordinary skill in the art of pharmaceutical formulations can readily prepare topical formulations of the compounds of this invention based on the information provided herein. Oral and parent- eral formulations of the compounds of this invention are disclosed In U..S. Patent 4, 287, 338. It is preferred to administer these compounds topically, preferably twice daily. - However , oral and parenteral administration may also be employed. An ordinarily skilled physician can readily determine a dosage regimen from the information provided herein. It is preferred to employ the method of this invention to humans , although it can be used for other mammals . 2, 6-Diamino-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-(sulfooxy)-pyrimidinium hydroxide , inner salt , also known as minoxidil sulfate , is the most preferred compound for use in this invention. It is preferred to apply the compound to the scalp for the treatment or prevention of male pattern baldness . DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present Invention is seen more fully by the Examples below. Examples 1-3 below illustrate the effect of minoxidil sulfate, a compound of the present invention, , and minoxidil (6-amino-1 ,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy- 2-imino-4-piperidino-pyrimidine) , the corresponding N-oxide, in genetically identical hair-deficient mice called "nude" (nu/nu) (see Flanagen , Genet . Res . 8:295-309 ( 1966) ) . In this mutant , the mouse exhibits only a narrow band of hair which moves from the head to the tail of the mouse throughout a twenty day cycle. All mice in the species mus grow hair in a definite, 20 day cycle , going from head to tail. (See Barcm, Acta Path. Micro. Scan. 34: 521-541 (1954)). "Nude" mice have the same pattern (see Eaton, Transplantation 22:217-222 (1976)). Hair fails to appear in the nude mouse since it never emerges due to the fact that the hair shaft is incompletely formed, poorly keratinized, or both. The nacent hair shafts fragment within the follicle and thus never emerge or break near the skin surface. The hair produced in the nude mice treated with the compounds described below is more normal and mechanically competent to emerge and persist. Eventually, however, even the hair produced in the drug treated animals falls out due to the genetic defect of these animals. Nonetheless, significant differences in hair growth can be observed in the drug treated animals as compared to the control animals during the twenty day cycle. In the Examples, five photographs were taken of the animals every six days over a four week period. The results are set forth in Table I. Animals exhibiting significant amounts of hair in at least one or two days are tabulated therein. Example 1 Nine week old Balb/c, nu/nu, male mice were given oral drug daily except weekends suspended in 0.25 ml water. Actual weights were between 20-30 g and an average of 25 g was assumed for dosage purposes. Example 2 Eleven week old mice from the same group of animals as used in Example 1 were treated by oral administration of 0.25 ml of either minoxidil or minoxidil sulfate in water daily without resting on weekends. Weights were assumed to be an average of 25 g per animal for dosing purposes. Example 3 Six week old Balb/c nu/nu male mice were given daily oral drug (without resting on weekends) in 0.25 ml water. Topical minoxidil sulfate was applied in 0.25 ml of a propylene glycol, ethanol, and water vehicle. As can be seen from Table I, minoxidil sulfate, a compound of the present invention, was significantly better than minoxidil (the corres¬ ponding N-oxide) in inducing hair growth at 20 mg/kg, and was equipotent to or better than minoxidil at 40 mg/kg. The data further indicates that this hair growth effect is exhibited when minoxidil is topically applied. Example 4 Topical minoxidil sulfate solution was applied to a group of 6 stumptail Macque monkeys daily, 7 days/week. The topical minoxidil sulfate solution was prepared by dissolving 750 mg of minoxidil sulfate In 50 ml of a 94:6 volume:volume solution of acetone:N-methylpyrrolidone. A second group of 6 animals served as controls and received vehicle only. The volume per application was 250 microliters applied to the frontal scalp with an art brush. Hair growth rate within a 2.54 cm (1 inch) square area of treated scalp was assessed by quantitatively clipping the hair at intervals of 42 days, 21 days and 21 days and weighing the residue. The results are set forth in Table II. A statistically significant increase in hair growth is seen by the third collection. These data clearly show that minoxidil sulfate stimulates hair growth following topical application to the scalp of balding monkeys. TABLE I Score of Photos pie Treatment 2+1 1 + 2 1 Minoxidil, 10 mg/kg 1/5 2/5 Minoxidil, 20 mg/kg 4/5 4/5 Control 0/5 1/5 Minoxidil Sulfate, 20 mg/kg 3/5 4/5 Minoxidil Sulfate , 40 mg/kg 1/5 3/5 Minoxidil , 20 mg/kg 0/5 1/5 Minoxidil , 40 mg/kg . 1/5 3/5 Minoxidil Sulfate, 5 mg/kg 1/5 2/5 Minoxidil Sulfate, 10 mg/kg 1/5 1/5 Minoxidil Sulfate, 20 mg/kg 1/5 2/5 Minoxidil Sulfate, 40 mg/kg 0/5 3/5 Minoxidil , ' 20 mg/kg 0/5 5/5 Minoxidil, 40 mg/kg 0/5 1/5 Minoxidil, 60 mg/kg 0/5 1/5 Minoxidil, 80 mg/kg 0/5 1/5 Topical Minoxidil Sulfate, 20 mg/kg 0/5 2/5 Topical Minoxidil Sulfate, 40 mg/kg 1/5 2/5 Control 0/5 0/5 1Number of animals with at least 2 of 5 photos showing positive hair growth. 2 Number of animals with at least 1 of 5 photos showing positive hair growth. TABLE II Collection Treatment N Mean wt. Prob (uG/day) 1 Minoxidil Sulfate 6 76 ±20 0.2 0.84 1 Vehicle 6 68 ±35 2 Minoxidil Sulfate 6 313 ±67 1 .3 0.21 2 Vehicle 6 195 ±59 3 Minoxidil Sulfate 6 343 ±52 2.9 0.02 3 Vehicle 5 167 ±32

Claims: CLAIMS 1 . A topical composition for application to mammalian skin comprising wherein R* is a moiety selected from the group consisting of moieties of the formula , wherein R3 and Ri| are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen , 15 lower alkyl , lower alkenyl , lower aralkyl , and lower cycloalkyl , and taken together R3 and R4 may be a heterocyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of aziridinyl , azetidinyl , pyrrolidinyl , piperidino , hexahydroazepinyl , heptamethylenimino , octamethyleniraino , morpholino , and 4-lower-alkylpiperazinyl , each of said heterocyclic moieties having 0 attached as substituents on the carbon atoms 0 to 3 lower alkyl groups , hydroxy or alkoxy; and (b) a topical pharmaceutical carrier . 2. A method for increasing the rate of terminal hair growth in a 25 mammal comprising the systemically administering or topically applying an amount effective to induce hair growth of a compound of the formula "" wherein R-| is a moiety selected from the group consisting of moieties of the formula -N(R3)(Ri | ), wherein R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl , lower alkenyl , lower aralkyl , and lower cycloalkyl , and taken together R3 and R4 may be a heterocyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of aziridinyl , azetidinyl , pyrrolidinyl , piperidino , hexahydroazepinyl , heptamethylenimino , octamethyleniraino , morpholino, and 4-lower-alkylpiperazinyl , each of said heterocyclic moieties having attached as substituents on the carbon atoms 0 to 3 lower alkyl groups , hydroxy or alkoxy; and the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof . 3. A composition of claim 1 , wherein the compound is minoxidil sulfate ( 2, 6-diamino-4-( 1-piperidinyl)-1- (sulfooxy )-pyrimidini m hydroxide , inner salt) . 4. A method of claim 2, wherein the compound is 2, 6-diamino-4-( 1'- piperidinyl )-1-(sulfooxy )-pyrimidini um hydroxide , inner salt , the mammal is a human, - the route of administration is topical and the site of application is the human scalp . 5. A method for arresting or reversing male • pattern baldness in a human comprising topically applying an amount effective to arrest or reverse baldness of a compound of the formula I wherein R-| is a moiety selected from the group consisting of moieties of the formula tt N(R3 (R4), wherein R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower aralkyl, and lower cycloalkyl, and taken together R3 and R4 may be a heterocyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidino, hexahydroazepinyl, heptamethylenimino, octamethyleniraino, morpholino, and 4-lower-alkylpiperazinyl, each of said heterocyclic moieties having attached as substituents on the carbon atoms 0 to 3 lower alkyl groups, hydroxy or alkoxy; and the pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. 6. A method of Claim 5, wherein the compound is minoxidil sulfate (2,6-diamino-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-(sulfoo y)-pyrimidinium hydroxide, inner salt).

Inventors: MC CALL JOHN M, MC CALL, JOHN, M.
Applicants: UPJOHN CO, THE UPJOHN COMPANY
Application year: 1986
Main classification: A61K7
IPC codes: A61K8, A61K31, A61Q5, A61Q7, C07D239, C07D403