AN IMPROVED SEMI-AUTOMATIC TARGET PISTOL

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved semi-automatic target pistol. The improvements featured are: a tubular magazine (5) that accommodates cartridges nose-to-tail fashion, and from which the cartridges are extracted singly and transferred to the bore (4) by a pivoted cradle (13); a hammerless percussion system in which travel of the striker (19), housed internally of the breechblock (1), re­ mains independent of breechblock travel; a set of percussion release levers (25) set in motion by squeezing the trigger (6) and energizing a solenoid (26), and a notably efficient lever mechanism for ejection of the spent cartridge.

Description: The invention described herein relates to an improved semi-automatic target pistol. More exactly, the pistol in question is of the type utilized in "semi-automatic", "standard", and "large calibre" classes of competition, although the design can be extended to cover other types of long- and short-barrelled semi-automatic firearms. The requirement in these classes of competition is for a pistol which can be loaded manually for the initial shot (hence the term "semi-automatic"), then fire off the remainder of shots singly and in rapid succession, in number according to the rules of the competition. Besides being capable of rapid fire, such pistols must incorporate systems whereby car­ tridges are extracted from the magazine and loaded into the bore without jamming, and without suffering distortion. Also, any vibration attributable to the shift of moving parts deriving from pressure on the trigger must be avoided as far as is feasible, the time lapse between squeezing the trigger and explosion of the cartridge must be kept to a minimum, and recoil transmitted to the marksman's hand must be attenuated as far as possible. A conventional pistol of the type in guestion will generally be provided with a magazine, in which the cartridges are stacked one on top of the other, and which is inserted into the pistol from the bottom, either into the grip or into the body of the firearm itself; thus, in passing from the magazine to the bore, the cartridge is taken through a somewhat tor­ tuous path that can occasion its distortion, and in certain rare instances, cause the firearm to jam. US-A-2 271 576 describes a pistol, in which the magazine is tubular in embodiment, exhibit­ ing one open end, designed to accommodate cartridges disposed nose-to-tail and coaxial one with the next, and provided with tension means that urge the car­ tridges toward the open end, and is fitted into the body of the pistol in such a way as to lie parallel with and immediately beneath the barrel; and in which the system whereby cartridges are extracted from the magazine and transferred to the bore comprises a cradle, pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point below the breechblock and provided with a housing of shape such as will accommodate a single cartridge, which can be rotated between a first posi­ tion, for receiving a cartridge from the magazine, and a second position, in which the front end of the housing, which is incorporated into the end of the cradle opposited to its pivoted end, is located in close proximity to the rear end of the bore (see especially Figures 1 and 2). Because this system of transferring the cartridges comprises only a cradle, it is impossible to reach that the cartridges can be introduced in the bore in a perfect axial position to the same. The cartridges are therefore introduced in the bore always in a inclined position, so that they must follow a tortuous path that can occasion their distortion. The precision of the pistol is no more warranted. Furthermore, percussion in handguns of the general type referred to is produced by a hammer-and-striker assembly that constitutes a source of minor vibrat­ ions on the one hand, deriving from rotation of the hammer, and on the other, absorbs the recoil from the explosion only in part when the firearm is re­ loaded, instead of progressively and fully. Despite such drawbacks, percussion systems of the hammer-and-striker type continue to be adopted, due to the fact that conventional hammerless systems are characterized by relatively long striker travel, a feature which renders them unsuitable for target pistols of the type in question. Accordingly, it is on object of the invention to overcome the drawbacks described above by providing a pistol, in which the path followed by a cartridge during loading is rendered less tortuous, in which any vibration attributable to rotation of a hammer is avoided, and in which recoil from explosion of the cartridge is absorbed gradually and to a much greater degree than in pistols of prior art design. One advantage provided by a pistol according to the invention is that the travel of the firing pin can be kept particularly short, such that the time lapse which separates squeezing of the trigger from firing of the cartridge is markedly reduced. A further advantage afforded by the pistol disclosed is that of a highly efficient system for the eject­ ion of spent cartridge shells. The stated objects and advantages, and others be­ sides, are achieved with a pistol as described here­ in and as characterized by the appended claims. An improved target pistol according to the invention substantially comprises: a tubular magazine from which cartridges, accommodated nose-to-tail and dis­ posed coaxially one with the next, are extracted singly and held by a pivoted cradle inside the pis­ tol before being transferred to the bore by a simple upward movement of the cradle; a hammerless percus­ sion system in which the movement of the striker is generated parallel to the axis of the barrel and in which the distance covered by the firing pin can be kept particularly short by reason of the fact that travel of the pin remains independent of travel of the breechblock; also, a cocking system that will permit of absorbing the recoil from explosion both gradually and to a considerable degree, and a system for ejection of the shells of spent cartridges feat­ uring a lever that is afforded a singularly generous arc of movement in order to ensure faultless eject­ ion of the shell. The invention will now be described in detail, by way of example, with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which: fig 1 is a side elevation of the pistol; fig 2 is a side elevation of the mechanism of the pistol seen in enlarged scale with certain parts cut away or omitted better to reveal others, and showing the breechblock in closed position; fig 3 is a side elevation of the mechanism of the pistol seen in enlarged scale with certain parts cut away or omitted better to reveal others, and showing the breechblock in open position; fig. 4 is a detailed illustration of the magazine of a pistol according to the invention; fig 5 is a front elevation of the breechblock in a pistol according to the invention; fig 6 is a bottom view of the breechblock in a pis­ tol according to the invention. The improved target pistol comprises a body 2 hous­ ing the mechanical parts of the firearm; 4 denotes the barrel of the pistol, which is connected to the body, 6 denotes a trigger located directly beneath the body, and 7 denotes a grip to which the body 2 itself is attached. The body 2 is substantially box­ like in embodiment, with two open sides, and affords a housing internally of which a breechblock 1 is slidably accommodated. Prior to firing a shot, the breechblock 1 occupies a closed position in which it covers over the rear end of the bore (see fig 1), thereafter sliding back into the open position under the pressure of the gases produced by explosion of the cartridge; movement of the breechblock 1 during this backwards slide is opposed by coil springs 3 located at the rear of the block itself, which are loaded on appropriate pilot rods. 5 denotes a magazine of tubular shape which is de­ signed to accommodate cartridges 8 in nose-to-tail fashion, disposed coaxially one with the next; the magazine is provided internally with tension means, consisting in a spring 10 and a plunger 10a, that urge the cartridges constantly toward its open rear end. The open end of the magazine in question in­ corporates a longitudinal slot 11, the purpose of which is described below, and two longitudinal re­ tainers 12 the embodiment of which is obtained by making appropriate cuts in the outer surface of the magazine; these retainers are capable of flexing radially, and are designed to prevent the cartridges from being projected out of the magazine under the pressure of the spring 10. The magazine fits into the body of the pistol, occupying a position paral­ lel to and immediately beneath the barrel with its slot 11 facing downwards, for reasons which will be­ come apparent. The system whereby cartridges are extracted from the magazine and transferred to the bore comprises a cradle 13, pivotably mounted to the body 2 of the pistol at a point below the breechblock 1 and pro­ vided with a housing of shape such as will accommod­ ate a single cartridge. The cradle 13 can be rotated about the axis of its pivot between a first position, in which the housing is disposed coaxial with the magazine in such a way as to receive the extracted cartridge, and a second position in which the front end of the housing is located in close proximity to the rear end of the bore, the housing being incorporated into the end of the cradle opposite to its pivoted end. The cradle is held in the first position by a third lever 17, pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point below the breechblock and provided with a re­ lief 17a that engages the rear end of the cradle and thus prevents its rotation. The third lever 17 is biased by a flat spring 17b toward a catch position, in which the cradle is held in the first position, and is rotated clockwise (as viewed in fig 3) into a release position by the breechblock when moving to­ ward its open position, thereby freeing the cradle; it will be observed that the breechblock directly engages the topmost extremity of the lever 17. Release of the cradle immediately following initial opening movement of the breechblock being undesir­ able, a groove 21 is provided in the bottom of the breechblock to the end of allowing its passage over the lever 17 without making contact; in effect, the length of the groove will be such that the lever 17 is engaged only when the breechblock arrives within a short distance of the open position. Thus, with the breechblock moving back and the cradle about to rise, one avoids contact between the block and the cartridge occupying the cradle. 14 denotes a first lever pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point below the cradle 13, which engages the cradle directly and is provided with tension means in the form of a spring 14a that produce its rotation in such a way as to urge the cradle up into second position; clearly, such move­ ment is enabled only when the cradle is released. 15 denotes a second lever which is pivotably mounted to the end of the first lever 14 opposite that in contact with the cradle, provided at one end with a catch 15a positioned to coincide with the end of the slot 11 in the magazine, and biased upwards by a spring 15b; the remaining end of the second lever 15 terminates in a shank 15c that enters into contact with the body of the pistol when the cradle is in first position, thereby inhibiting rotation of the lever itself and preventing escape of the remaining cartridges from within the magazine. Fig 3 illustrates the configuration of the breech immedately prior to arrival of the breechblock 1 in fully open position, and with the cradle 13 released and fully raised. It will be observed that the cart­ ridge 8 is brought into an angled position by rotat­ ional movement of the cradle; accordingly, the pis­ tol comprises a movable guide 18 pivotably mounted to the body at a point above the breechblock, which serves to bring the cartridge into coaxial alignment with the bore. The guide 18 is forced into a raised position by a groove 16 in the breechblock, when the breechblock is in closed position, and biased into a lowered position by a relative spring 18a whenever the breechblock is moved into open position (as in fig 3). The shape of the guide is such, that when in lowered position, its rear end 18b will be located adjacent to the rear end of the bore, lying above and parallel to the bore axis; thus, as the breech­ block gains its backward travel limit, the cartridge raised by the cradle will be urged against the end 18b of the lever 18 and obliged to assume a position in which it lies coaxial with the barrel of the pis­ tol, and is therefore transferred with ease into the bore. The improved pistol comprises a percussion assembly that features a substantially cylindrical striker 19 housed to an exact fit in a chamber located intern­ ally of the breechblock and aligned axially with the bore. The striker slides axially within the chamber between an inner position (that of fig 2), in which the firing pin lies within the chamber, and an outer position in which the firing pin emerges from the breechblock into a socket 20, located in the front face of the breechblock itself, that accommodates the base of the cartridge. Tension means provided at the rear of the striker comprise a spring 19b which biases the striker toward the outer position; the spring 19b itself will be appreciably rigid, so that the striker can be subjected to a substantial degree of force and propelled at high speed, as well as be­ ing enabled to absorb the better part of the recoil, as will shortly become clear. 24 denotes a detent lever pivotably mounted to the breechblock, one end of which is provided with a catch 24a; the remaining end engages a spring 24b that biases the lever into a detent position whereby the catch 24a locates against an abutment surface offered by the striker, and thus detains the striker in the inner position. 25 denotes a set of levers, of which there are four in the embodiment illustrated. The first such lever is pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol; the last lever and the detent lever 24 are one and the same. The four levers of the set 25 engage one with the next in direct contact, and are embodied and arranged such that a rotation of the first produces corresponding rotation of the last, and viceversa. The rear end of the first lever of the set 25 is en­ gaged by the core 26a of a solenoid 26 that will be energized by way of a conventional electrical cir­ cuit to which the trigger 6 is wired; squeezing the trigger, the core 26a shifts and induces anticlock­ wise rotation of the first lever of the set, where­ upon a chain reaction is set up (easily discernable from fig 2) the result of which is that the detent lever 24 will free the striker. Transmission of the movement of the trigger to the set of levers 25 could equally well be accomplished utilizing an all-mechanical linkage as generally adopted in production pistols, though the electrical system offers greater speed and dependability. The fact that the detent lever 24 is mounted to the breechblock signifies that these two parts move as one; as a result, the travel of the striker, which must be kept as short as possible, is rendered in­ dependent of the distance travelled by the breech­ block, which is necessarily much greater. At all events, inclusion of the set of levers 25 enables the solenoid core to act directly on a lever pivoted to the body of the pistol, hence located in a fixed position, and the arrangement of the levers is such as to ensure instantaneous transmission of the move­ ment of the core (i.e of the trigger) to the striker release mechanism. The cocking system of the improved pistol features a contoured lever 28 pivotably mounted to the breech­ block, a first end 28a of which engages in a groove 29 during sliding movement of the breechblock; the groove in question is incorporated into the body, above the breechblock, and shaped such as to produce rotation of the cocking lever one way or the other according to the direction in which the breechblock is moving. The remaining end of the cocking lever, denoted 28b, is designed to engage a radial project­ ion 19a offered by the striker; this occurs whenever the lever 28 itself is made to rotate in the approp­ riate direction by movement of the breechblock to­ ward the open position, the result being that the striker is forced into the inner position and its abutment surface brought behind the catch of the de­ tent lever 24. The profile of the groove 29 is embodied such as to rotate the cocking lever 28 gradually during move­ ment of the breechblock, thereby dictating the de­ gree of pressure exerted on the striker spring 19b; thus, by selection of the appropriate profile, it becomes possible to apportion the effects of the recoil in relation to travel of the breechblock. On firing the shot, gases generated by the explosion cause the breechblock to slide backwards, drawing with it the shell of the spent cartridge, which will be locked into the socket 20 by a retention lever 31 of conventional type. The empty shell is removed from the breech by an ejector lever 32, pivotably mounted to the breech­ block 1, a first arm 32a of which is biased by tens­ ion means consisting of a spring 32c into an at-rest position that holds it flush with the base of the socket 20; the second arm 32b of the ejector lever projects from the underside of the breechblock. 34 denotes a fourth lever, pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol, which is biased by a spring 34a into contact with a stop 35 lying coincident with the axis about which the cradle 13 is pivoted; the stop 35 inhibits clockwise rotation of the lever 34 (as viewed in fig 3) on arrival at a limit position in which the top end 34b of the lever is directed upwards and engages the second arm 32b of the eject­ or lever 32 during travel of the breechblock. With the block moving backwards, the ejector lever 32 is brought up against the fourth lever 34 and obliged thus to rotate anticlockwise in such a way that its first arm 32a is projected perpendicularly from the socket 20, thereby ejecting the shell. A generous degree of movement can be afforded to the first arm of the ejector lever 32 by appropriate calculation of the size ratio between the arms 32a and 32b. It will be observed that the ejector lever 32 must engage in contact with the fourth lever 34 when the breechblock is moved in the opposite direction also, though in this instance the fourth lever 34 is able to rotate anticlockwise and thus causes no impedim­ ent as a result of such contact; the lever 34 is re­ turned subsequently to the eject limit position by its spring 34a. Operation of the improved target pistol will now be described. Cartridges are loaded into the magazine one by one and pushed gently home, the retainers 12 preventing them from springing out of the magazine, whereupon the full magazine is fitted to the pistol in the manner aforedescribed. A first shot is let into the bore by manual operat­ ion of the breechblock, which produces the same set of movements as will occur in subsequent automatic loading, shortly to be described. The pistol will thus be in the configuration of fig 2, with a first cartridge inserted into the bore (not visible), a second occupying the cradle, and the remainder still inside the magazine. The breechblock is in closed position, the striker drawn back, the cradle in its first position, the third lever 17 (not illustrated in fig 2) in the catch position, the guide 18 in its raised position, the detent lever 24 in the detent position, and the catch 15a of the second lever 15 located against the leading cartridge held currently in the magazine. Squeezing the trigger, the core of the solenoid is caused to shift, thereby engaging the first of the set of levers 25 and occasioning clockwise rotation of the detent lever 24. The striker 19 is thus freed and can be propelled forward, such that the firing pin projects from the breechblock and strikes the cartridge primer. Following explosion of the primer, gases are given off the pressure of which forces the breechblock backwards toward the open position. As soon as this movement is under way, the first end of the cocking lever 28 engages in its groove 29 and rotates anti­ clockwise, such that the remaining end can engage the radial projection 19a of the striker and drive the striker itself back to the inner position, a process which takes place as the breechblock moves backward; continued application of force from the respective springs 19b and 3 thus ensures a proges­ sive and lasting attenuation of the recoil. It will be remembered that the embodiment of the profile of the groove 29 is a determining factor in gauging attenuation of the recoil during backward movement of the breechblock. Next, the ejector lever 32 is brought into contact with the fourth lever 34, thereby separating the empty cartridge shell from the breechblock socket 20 and causing it to eject. With the breechblock almost in open position, the guide 18 will be freed, and urged down into lowered position by its spring 18a; at the same time, the breechblock engages the third lever 17, which rotates clockwise and releases the cradle. The first lever 14, now urged upwards by its spring 14a, pushes the cradle upward into the second position, whereupon the cartridge currently accommo­ dated is sandwiched between cradle and guide 18, and brought into coaxial alignment with the bore. Rotation of the first lever 14 will have the effect of separating the shank 15c of the second lever 15 from the body of the pistol, and the second lever rotates anticlockwise such the catch 15a can clear the lip offered by the base of the endmost cartridge in the magazine; the movement in question is both enabled by provision of the slot 11 in the magazine, and favoured by the relative spring 15a. Once at the fully open position, the breechblock 1 will invert and commence return travel toward the closed position. The cocking lever 28 will have forced the striker 19 back against its spring during backward movement of the breechblock; now, on the return stroke, engage­ ment in the groove 29 will cause the lever to reas­ sume its former position. The third lever 17 returns to the catch position, its relief 17a locating in the relative groove 21 of the breechblock. It will be remembered that contact between the ejector lever and the fourth lever occasions no mishap during re­ turn of the breechblock, given that the fourth lever is able to rotate anticlockwise. The cartridge currently occupying the cradle is now thrust into the bore by the breechblock, whereupon the alignment guide 18 will locate in the relative groove 16 of the breechblock; thus, with the breech­ block advancing toward closed position, the guide 18 is returned upwards to its raised position, and the cradle 13 urged downward to its lowered position; lowering of the cradle has the effect of rotating the first and second levers 14 and 15 in the clock­ wise direction. With the breechblock fully returned to the closed position, the catch 15a of the second lever 15 locates against the lip of the endmost car­ tridge of the magazine and occasions its extraction; free to move, the cartridge is urged onto the cradle by the force of the spring 10 and plunger 10a. The cartridge next behind in the magazine is urged similarly toward the cradle, but will be prevented from leaving the magazine by virtue of the fact that the catch 15a returns to its retaining position im­ mediately following the release of the former car­ tridge; in effect, clockwise rotation of the first lever 14 having once again urged the shank 15c of the second lever 15 into contact with the body of the pistol, further clockwise rotation of the second lever 15 is inhibited. At this point, the configuration of the pistol is as indicated in fig 2, ready for the next shot. It will be clear enough to one skilled in the art that the set of four levers 25, the third lever 17, and the ejector and fourth levers 32 and 34, con­ stitute sub-assemblies that operate within respect­ ive parallel planes and are therefore subject to no mutual contact, as fig 6 plainly illustrates.

Claims: 1. An improved semi-automatic target pistol, of the type comprising: a breechblock (1), slidably accom­ modated within the body (2) of the firearm and cap­ able of movement between a closed position and an open position, propelled by pressure of the gases generated from explosion of a single shot, and returned by springs (3); a magazine (5) accommodat­ ing cartridges (8); a system whereby cartridges are extracted from the magazine and transferred to the bore of the pistol barrel (4); a percussion and fir­ ing assembly set in motion by a trigger (6); a sys­ tem whereby the shells (9) of spent cartridges are ejected from the breech; and a system for cocking the percussion assembly; in which the magazine is tubular in embodiment, exhibiting one open end, designed to accommodate cartridges disposed nose-­ to-tail and coaxial one with the next, and provided with tension means (10) that urge the cartridges toward the open end, with a longitudinal slot (11), and with at least one longitudinal retainer (12) capable of flexing through a short radial distance, and is fitted into the body of the pistol in such a way as to lie parallel with and immediately beneath the barrel and in which the system whereby cartridges are extracted from the magazine and transferred to the bore comprises a cradle (13), pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point below the breechblock and provided with a housing of shape such as will accommodate a single cartridge, which can be rotated between a first position, in which the housing is disposed coaxial with the magazine, and a second position, in which the front end of the housing, which is incorporated into the end of the cradle opposite to its pivoted end, is located in close proximity to the rear end of the bore; characterised in that the system to transfer the cartridges to the bore comprises furthermore follow­ ing elements: - a first lever (14), pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point below the cradle, which en­ gages the cradle directly and is provided with tens­ ion means (14a) that cause it to rotate such that the cradle is urged into the second position; - a second lever (15), pivotably mounted to the first lever, provided at one end with a catch (15a) posit­ ioned to coincide with the end of the slot in the magazine and biased upwards by tension means (15b), and at the remaining end, with a shank (15c) that enters into contact with the body of the pistol when the cradle is in first position; - a third lever (17), pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point below the breechblock and provided with a relief (17a) that engages directly with the cradle, which is biased by tension means (17a) toward a catch position, whereby the cradle is held in the first position, and rotated by return movement of the breechblock into a release position, whereby the cradle is freed; and - a movable guide(18), pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol at a point above the breechblock, that is forced into a raised position by the breechblock when the breechblock is in closed position and bias­ ed into a lowered position by tension means whenever the breechblock is in open position, and is of shape such that when in lowered position, one of its ends (18b) will be located adjacent to the rear end of the bore, lying above and parallel to the bore axis. 2. Pistol according to claim 1, wherein the percussion and firing assembly comprises: - a substantially cylindrical striker (19) housed to an exact fit in a chamber located internally of the breechblock and aligned axially with the bore, which slides axially within the chamber between an inner position, in which the firing pin lies within the chamber, and an outer position, in which the firing pin emerges from the breechblock into a socket (20) designed to accommodate the base of the cartridge; - tension means (19b) provided at the rear of the striker which bias the striker toward the outer position; - a detent lever (24), pivotably mounted to the breechblock, one end of which is provided with a catch (24a), and the remaining end of which engages tension means (24b) that bias the lever into a de­ tent position whereby the striker is held in the inner position by the catch; - a set of levers (25), the first of which is pivot­ ably mounted to the body of the pistol, the last of which being one and the same as the detent lever, that engage one with the next in direct contact and are embodied and arranged such that a rotation of the first produces corresponding rotation of the last, and viceversa; - a solenoid (26), energized by way of a conventional electrical circuit on squeezing the trigger, the moving core (26a) of which engages in direct contact with and operates the first of the levers of the set (25) in such a way as to shift the detent lever into a release position whereby the striker is freed by the catch. 3. Pistol according to claim 2, wherein the cocking sys­ tem for the percussion assembly comprises: - a radial projection (19a) issuing from the rear part of the striker; - a contoured lever (28), pivotably mounted to the breechblock, exhibiting a first end (28a) which is obliged by sliding motion of the breechblock to en­ gage in a groove (29) incorporated into the body above the breechblock and shaped such as to produce rotation of the cocking lever one way or the other according to the direction, in which the breechblock is moving, and a second end (28b) which is designed to engage the radial projection and urge the striker toward the inner position whenver the lever itself is rotated as a result of the breechblock moving toward the open position. 4. Pistol according to claim 2, wherein the system by which the shell of a spent cartridge is ejected from the breech comprises a retention lever (31) of con­ ventional type which locks the base of a cartridge into the socket offered by the breechblock, and further comprises: - an ejector lever (32), pivotably mounted to the breechblock and incorporating a first arm (32a)that is biased by tension menas (32c) into an at-rest position whereby it remains flush with the base of the socket, and a second arm (32b) that projects from the underside of the breechblock; and - a fourth lever (34), pivotably mounted to the body of the pistol, which is biased by tension means (34a) into contact with a stop (35) that inhibits its rotation in one direction on arrival at a limit position, in which the top end (34b) of the lever is directed upwards and engages the second arm of the ejector lever during travel of the breechblock.

Inventors: MORINI, CESARE
Applicants: MORINI COMPETITION ARM S.A.
Application year: 1986
Main classification: F41A9
IPC codes: F41A9, F41A19