DEVICE FOR CONFIRMING FORMATION OF HOLES IN DISCHARGE MACHINING APPARATUS

Abstract: A device for confirming the formation of holes in a dis­ charge machining apparatus, the device being provided to automatically, correctly and easily detect the completion of machining for forming through holes. A voltage representing a current that flows through a current limiting resistor (5) of a discharge machining apparatus is supplied via a smoothing differential amplifier (17), to a dividing circuit (18) in the form of a detected average machining current. A frequency of in­ struction pulses (P) supplied from an NC apparatus (6) to a servo circuit (7) is converted into a corresponding voltage via an f-v converter (19), and is supplied to the dividing circuit (18) as a detected machining rate. The dividing circuit divides the detected machining current by the detected machining rate to obtain a signal (V4) that represents the machined area. This signal is also delayed by a predetermined period of time to obtain a delayed signal (V′4). These signals (V4 and (V′4) are supplied to a comparator (20). When the delayed signal exceeds the signal that represents the machined area, com­ pletion of the machining operation for forming holes is detec­ ted.

Description: The present invention relates to an electric discharge machining system. When drilling is performed by an electric discharge machining system, whether or not a hole is formed cannot be automatically detected but can be detected by either operator experience or visual detection. It is desirable to provide a drilling confirming apparatus of an electric discharge machining system which can automatically, correctly, and easily detect when drilling of a through hole is completed. US-A-4 415 791 discloses a breakthrough detection means for ED machining apparatus, according to the preamble of accompanying claim 1. The detection of a greatest machining depth is coupled with at least one other detection factor, such as electrode speed, machining fluid flow or machining fluid pressure. According to the present invention, there is provided a drilling confirmation apparatus for an electric discharge machining system, comprising: average machining current detecting means for detecting an average machining current between a workpiece and an electrode; and machining speed detecting means for detecting a machining speed; characterised by: operational means for dividing the detected average machining current by the detected machining speed and outputting the resulting division value as an output signal; and drilling detecting means for detecting an abrupt decrease in the value of the output signal from the operational means, which indicates completion of a hole drilling operation. As described above, according to the present invention, the average machining current between a work and an electrode is divided by a detected machining speed, i.e., a relative feed speed between the work and the electrode, to obtain a signal corresponding to a machining area, and completion of drilling is detected when the signal corresponding to the machining area is decreased. Therefore, completion of machining of a through hole can be correctly, easily, and automatically detected. Reference is made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a main part of a drilling confirming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a partially sectional view showing machining of a through hole by means of electric discharge; and Fig. 3 is a graph for illustrating respective changes in average machining current, machining speed, signal corresponding to a machining area and a delay signal in the embodiment with respect to a machining depth. Fig. 1 shows a drilling confirming apparatus of an electric discharge machining system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, electric discharge drilling is performed by applying a machining voltage between a work 1 and a drilling electrode 2 from a DC power source 3 through a current limiting resistor 5 and a transistor 4 as a switching element which is turned on/off by a controller (not shown). Prior to the explanation of the arrangement of the main part of the apparatus of the present invention, the operational principle of the present invention will be briefly described. An electric discharge machining area S is abruptly decreased from a specified value during machining to zero when electric discharge drilling is completed. The present invention is based on this fact. According to the present invention, drilling is deemed to have been completed when the machining area S is detected to be abruptly decreased. More specifically, a change in the machining area S during machining is monitored by utilizing a conventionally known relation S = K.IT/F (K is a constant) where S is the machining area, F is the machining speed, and IT is the machining current, thereby detecting completion of drilling. The main part of the apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 1. One end of a resistor 11 and one end of another resistor 13 are connected to two ends of the current limiting resistor 5. The resistors 11 and 13 are connected in series with resistors 12 and 14, respectively. These resistors 11 to 14 detect a voltage V1 between nodes 15 and 16, which corresponds to the current flowing across the current limiting resistor 5. The voltage V1 represents the pulse-like machining current IT flowing between the work 1 and the electrode 2. A smoothing differential amplifier 17 for smoothing the voltage V1 is connected to the resistors 11 to 14. The smoothing differential amplifier 17 outputs a voltage V2 representing an average machining current IW (Fig. 3) which represents an average value of the machining current IT. The resistors 11 to 14 and the smoothing differential amplifier 17 constitute an average machining current detecting means. Meanwhile, a frequency-voltage converter (to be referred to as an f-v converter hereinafter) 19 as a machining speed detecting means is connected between a divider 18 and a node of an NC unit 6 and a servo circuit 7. The f-v converter 19 converts a command pulse P having a frequency that corresponds to the machining speed F (Fig. 3) into a voltage V3 representing the machining speed F. The divider 18 as a machining area calculating means divides the output voltage (average machining current) V2 supplied from the smoothing differential amplifier 17 by the output voltage (machining speed) V3 supplied from the f-v converter 19, thus obtaining a machining area signal V4. The signal V4 is supplied to both one input terminal of a comparator 20 and to a delay circuit 21 that is provided between the divider 18 and the comparator 20. The signal V4 supplied to the delay circuit 21 is delayed by a predetermined period of time and supplied to the other input terminal of the comparator 20 as a delay signal V′4. The comparator 20 compares the signal V4 corresponding to the machining area with the delay signal V′4. When the delay signal V′4 exceeds the signal V4, the comparator 20 outputs a drilling completion signal V5 to the NC unit 6. In this manner, the comparator 20 together with the delay circuit 21 constitutes a drilling detecting means. The operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3. Note that in Fig. 2 reference symbol H indicates the length of a hole (the thickness of the work 1) and in Fig. 3 the hole length H is plotted along the axis of ordinate and the average machining current IW, the machining speed F, and the machining area signal V4 are plotted along the axis of abscissa. The NC control unit 6 drives a servo motor M through the servo circuit 7 to move the work 1 and electrode 2 relative to each other, thus performing drilling. During drilling, the average machining current IW and the machining speed (the feed speed of the electrode 2) F change with respect to the machining depth h as shown in Fig. 3, for instance. The voltage V2 representing the average machining current IW that changes as shown in Fig. 3 is constantly detected by the smoothing differential amplifier 17 through the resistors 5 and 11 to 14. On the other hand, the command pulse P having a frequency corresponding to the machining speed F and supplied from the NC unit 6 to the servo circuit 7 is also supplied to the f-v converter 19. The command pulse P is converted by the converter 19 into the voltage V3. The machining speed F is thus constantly detected. A ratio V2/V3 (= V4) proportional to the machining area S is constantly calculated by the divider 18. As a result, the machining area signal V4 which is output from the divider 18 changes with respect to the machining depth h as shown in Fig. 3. The signal V4 gradually increases from the value at the start of drilling as the average machining current IW and the machining speed F gradually increases and decreases, respectively, upon progress of machining. The signal V4 abruptly decreases immediately after the completion of drilling as the average machining current IW and the machining speed F abruptly decreases and increases, respectively. In this manner, the change in machining area signal V4 is constantly monitored by the comparator 20. In other words, the comparator 20 compares the present value of the machining area signal V4 which is supplied from the divider 18 with the present value of the delay signal V′4 supplied from the delay circuit 21 and corresponding to the signal V4 which is past from the present time point for a predetermined period of time. The comparator 20 thus discriminates the increase/decrease in machining area signal V4. From the start of drilling until immediately before the completion of drilling, since the machining area signal V4 gradually increases to constantly exceed the delay signal V′4, the output from the comparator 20 is at low level. However, when drilling is completed and the delay signal V′4 exceeds the machining area signal V4, the comparator 20 outputs a high-level drilling completion signal V5 to the NC unit 6. In response to the signal V5, the NC unit 6 stops the supply of the command pulse P, renders a control circuit (not shown) inoperative, and stops electric discharge. In this embodiment, the comparator 20 compares the machining area signal V4 with its delay signal V′4. However, the embodiment may be modified so that the non-delayed machining area signal V4 is shifted in level by a predetermined positive value and the thus level-shifted signal is compared with the non level-shifted delay signal V′4. According to this modification, even when the machining area signal V4 varies during drilling, completion of drilling can be detected in response to only an abrupt decrease in machining area signal V4 at the time of drilling completion. This embodiment can also be modified in the following manner. In this case, the output (detected average machining current IW) from the average differential amplifier 17 is A/D-converted and is input to the NC control unit 6. Then, a machining area signal and a drilling completion signal can be obtained in a software manner by the microcomputer in the NC control unit based on the average machining current input to the NC control unit 6 and the feed speed output from the NC control unit 6.

Claims: 1. A drilling confirmation apparatus for an electric discharge machining system, comprising: average machining current detecting means (11...17) for detecting an average machining current between a workpiece (1) and an electrode (2); and machining speed detecting means (19) for detecting a machining speed; characterised by: operational means (18) for dividing the detected average machining current by the detected machining speed and outputting the resulting division value as an output signal (V4); and drilling detecting means (20,21) for detecting an abrupt decrease in the value of the output signal (V4) from the operational means (18), which indicates completion of a hole drilling operation. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said drilling detecting means includes a delay circuit (21) connected to an output of said operational means (18) for delaying the output signal (V4), and comparing means (20) for comparing the value of the output signal (V4) direct from said operational means (18) with the value of the delayed output signal (V′4) from said delay circuit (21) and outputting a drilling completion signal (V5) when the value of the delayed output signal (V′4) exceeds the value of the output signal (V4). 3. A drilling confirmation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: said average machining current detecting means (11...17) include a plurality of resistors (11...14) for detecting a first voltage (V1) corresponding to a current being used for electric discharge machining and a smoothing differential amplifier (17) for producing a second voltage (V2) corresponding to the average machining current; said machining speed detecting means (19) include a frequency-to-voltage converter for converting a command pulse (P) having a frequency corresponding to the machining speed to a voltage (V3) corresponding to the machining speed; and said operational means (18) includes a divider for dividing the second voltage (V2) by the third voltage (V3) to yield a fourth voltage (V4) representing a machining area.

Inventors: OBARA, HARUKI 844-7, HASHIMOTO
Applicants: FANUC LTD.
Application year: 1986
Main classification: B23H1
IPC codes: B23H9, B23H1