LOW LEVEL LOAD PLATFORM DELIVERY VEHICLE

Abstract: A vehicle 1 has a front cap section 2 and a rear section 3, having a loading area 4. The front section 2 has a chassis 6 on which is mounted an engine 7, a gearbox 8, a transfer box 9 and an axle 10 having a differential unit 11 and a pair of steer­ able roadwheels 12. The engine 7 is mounted back to front behind the axle 10 and drives forward to the gearbox 8 which is positioned over the axle 10. The engine 7 and gearbox 8 are positioned so as not to cause wheel clearance problems when turning. The gearbox 8 drives forward to the transfer box 9 via a coupling 8a. The trnasfer box 9 drops and reverses the drive to drive rearwardly via a drive shaft assembly 9a to the dif­ ferential unit 11. As all the drive and steering apparatus is contained within the front section 2 it is self-contained and there is no rearwardly extending driveshaft as in conventional vehicles. The load area 4 can thus be arranged at a conveni­ ently low level of some twenty inches above ground level.

Description: Low Level Load Platform Delivery Vehicle This invention relates to a low level load platform delivery vehicle. Background of the Invention Commercial vehicles used, for example, by brewery companies for product deliveries to retail outlets have to meet a number of specialised requirements. A truck load of full beer kegs is particularly heavy leading to problems in arranging the weight distribution of the load so as to ensure that the maximum permitted axle loadings for the vehicle are not exceeded. This problem can be overcome by using large articulated vehicles. However, there are certain difficulties in using such vehicles. In particular, such vehicles require drivers with a higher grade of licence thereby increasing labour costs and they are difficult to manoeuvre making deliveries to certain urban locations extremely difficult. Thus, previously, rigid trucks have been used with the problems of weight distribution and overloading of the front axle being overcome by, for example, erecting a bulkhead towards the front of the loading area of the truck to restrict the loading area and prevent it from being loaded up towards the front. This is obviously inefficient as part of the loading area, which could be usefully employed when lighter goods are being carried, is inaccessible. Alternatively trucks having four steerable wheels have been used. However, such trucks are more expensive to purchase initially, and in use have the problem of limited steering lock due to space limitations around the cab area of the vehicle chassis. Furthermore the increase in front axle loading capacity is only around half a ton. A further problem is that as the driveshaft of the vehicle has to run beneath the loading area it is not possible to arrange the loading area at a low height for ease of loading and unloading. This can be overcome by running a tunnel, containing the drive shaft, down the centre of the loading area. However, the presence of a central driveshaft tunnel on the loading area restricts the area available for load carrying and also makes it impractical to unload from one side only. Brief summary of the Invention According to the present invention there is provided a vehicle comprising chassis means having first and second pairs of ground engaging wheel means arranged on a front portion and a rear portion of the chassis respectively, the first ground engaging wheel means being steerable, drive means being provided for said first ground engaging wheel means in the form of a prime mover and gearbox, the arrangement being such that the prime mover is mounted on the chassis to the rear of the axle means for the first ground engaging wheel means and drives forward to gearbox apparatus which drives said axle means for said first ground engaging wheel means. Preferably said gearbox apparatus comprises a change speed gearbox mounted in front of said axle means and driving forward to a transfer gearbox which drives said axle means, the arrangement being such that the weight of the prime mover and gearbox apparatus is distributed both in front of and behind said axle means. Most preferably, the transfer gearbox comprises means for transferring the drive from a forward direction at an input shaft from the change speed gearbox to a reverse direction at an output shaft connecting to a differential on said axle means. Preferably also the rear portion of the chassis comprises a load area. Further according to the present invention there is provided a vehicle comprising chassis means having first and second pairs of ground engaging wheel means arranged on a front portion and a rear portion of the chassis respectively, the front portion having drive and steering means for the vehicle and the rear portion having a load area, wherein axle means for the second pair of ground engaging wheels extend transversely below the load area and has end portions extending upwardly and on which the ground engaging wheels are mounted such that the load area may be arranged at a height below the rotational axis of the wheel means. Preferably the load area is arranged to be 20 inches (508 mm) above ground level when laden. Preferably also the wheel means have a substantial amount of offset such that hub means and stub axle means extending from the end portions of the axle means are contained substantially within the wheel means such that the load area may extend across the width between the inner faces of the wheels without intrusion from the axle means. Most preferably the load area is arranged to have a minimum width of 50 inches (1270 mm) between wheel arches covering the wheel means. Preferably also suspension means for the axle means are provided comprising leaf springs mounted below the axle means and fixed at each end to the chassis. By mounting the fuel tank and the batteries behind the second pair of ground engaging wheels the weight distribution of the vehicle can be improved. Brief description of the several views of the drawings Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a side view of a delivery vehicle in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the load area of the vehicle of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a front view of the vehicle of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a part cut-away side view of the cab and drive unit of the vehicle of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a part cut-away rear view of the vehicle of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a detail front view of part of the rear axle assembly of the vehicle of Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a detail side view of part of the rear axle assembly of the vehicle of Fig. 1; Fig. 8 is a detail end view of part of the load area of the vehicle of Fig. 1; and Fig. 9 is a detail plan view of part of the load area of the vehicle of Fig. 1. Fig. 10 is a detail view of part of an alternative rear axle assembly of the vehicle of Fig. 1. Detailed description Referring to the drawings, a vehicle 1 has a front cab section 2 and a rear section 3, having a loading area 4, connected to the front section 2 at 5. The front section 2 has a chassis 6 on which is mounted an engine 7, a gearbox 8, a transfer box 9 and an axle 10 having a differential unit 11. The axle 10 has a pair of steerable roadwheels 12 mounted on it. A cab assembly 13 is mounted on the chassis 6. The rear section 3 is supported at one end by being bolted to the front section 2 at 5 and at the other end by a pair of roadwheels 14 mounted on an axle assembly 15. The axle assembly 15 comprises a beam axle 16 mounted on the rear section 3 by way of underslung leaf springs 17. The axle 16 has upwardly extending end portions 18 on which a stub axle and hub units 19 are mounted. The wheels 14 attach over the hub units 19 and are fixed in position by way of bolts 20. The engine 7 is mounted back to front behind the axle 10 and drives forward to the gearbox 8 which is positioned over the axle 10. As the gearbox 8 is considerably smaller than the engine 7 the amount of intrusion into the cab 13 is minimised. The engine 7 and gearbox 8 are positioned so as not to cause wheel clearance problems when turning and a between kerb turning circle of 68 feet can be achieved. In addition the position of the engine allows easy access for maintenance work. The gearbox 8 drives forward to the transfer box 9 via a coupling 8a. The transfer box 9 drops and reverses the drive to drive rearwardly via a drive shaft assembly 9a to the differential unit 11. As all the drive and steering apparatus is contained within the front section 2 it is self-contained and does not put any constraints on the configuration of the load area 4 on the rear section 3 as there is no rearwardly extending driveshaft as in conventional vehicles. The load area 4 can thus be arranged at a conveniently low level of some twenty inches above ground level. The arrangement of the rear axle assembly 15 ensures that the load area 4 is clear and unrestricted over its full length of, in the embodiment illustrated, twenty-two feet. The arrangement of the stub axle and hub unit 19 on the upwardly extending end portions 18 of the beam axle 16 allows the level of the load area 4 to be brought down to or below the level of the rotational axis of the wheels 14. The large offset of the wheels 14 allows the stub axle and hub units 19 to be mounted substantially within the wheels 14 to ensure that the instrusion into the width of the load area 4 is minimised. Thus a desired minimum load area 4 width between the wheel arches of 50 inches can be exceeded. Further details of the engine, transmission and chassis layout will now be given. The vehicle is loosely based on and has been developed from a standard Bedford TL 1630. The changes from the specification of this vehicle have been made with the use of proprietary components whenever possible. The engine utilised is the Cummins 6BTA the specifications of which are: Dry Weight 893 lb. Approx. Length 39 inches Cubic Capacity 5.9 litres (360 in3) Horsepower 170 e 2500 rev/min. Max. Torque 427 lb./ft. Q 1500 rev/min. Specific Fuel Consumption 0.360 lb./hp - hr. Either a manual or an automatic gearbox can be used. The standard manual gearbox fitted to the Bedford is the Spicer 5-speed T5C and this may be used in the current application. An alternative unit is the Eaton Truck Components model 542 series gearbox. Both the Spicer and Eaton boxes are of similar weight, with synchromesh on all gears except first and reverse, and of adequate torque capacity for the Cummins 6BTA. With either box direct top gear is used for maximum fuel economy with a bottom gear ratio of approximately 7 to 1 for optimum gradeability. As the box is installed '#back-to-front", the gear shift pattern is also reversed. Eaton manufacture a unit for bolting to the top cover of the box, which converts the gate back to the conventional layout, and this may be included if desired. The Spicer does not need such an adaptor as it is virtually "back-tofront" in the normal installation and hence has a conventional pattern in the current vehicle. If an automatic transmission is preferred then the Detroit Diesel Allison AT 545 model may be used. This box has a single-stage 3 element torque converter and a 4-speed shiftsection, and is specifically designed for medium duty applications of a multi-stop nature. It is suitable for all engines up to 235 American BHP (i.e. about 210 bhp to B.S.A.U. 141). This gearbox installs relatively easily in place of the Eaton or Spicer manual box, being about one inch longer and only 25 lbs. or so heavier. The transfer gearbox is designed specifically for the current vehicle. It is of simple design and robust construction. Helical gears are used for quiet running and well-specified bearings for life-long service. The gearing may be arranged to provide either higher or lower overall gearing than the main transmission can offer if necessary. The front axle used is the G.K.N. Kirkstall SD65-ll-lS steer-drive axle. The G.K.N. axle has a design plated weight of 8.9 tons (subject to tyre size) and is more than adequate for the worst possible overload condition likely to be encountered in use. Various options of wheel fixings and foundation brakes may be used. The optional fitment of a diff-lock is recommended as weight transfer is from the front axle to the rear axle on steep uphill gradients. By its construction and need to carry drive shafts through the king-pin, a front wheel drive axle always has a lockangle limit of less than a conventional axle. The SD65 is no exception, maximum lock being 400. This gives a turning circle of some 68 ft. diameter kerb-to-kerb. The front tyre specification is D 22.5 Pilot (315/70 R22.5) PR16. These are standard "low-profile" tyres and have a plated load capacity of 6.5 tons. The need to allow the load area to be continued without interruption by a hump over the rear axle necessitated the use of the low level axle assembly. By using a simple 5 inch diameter tube for the axle beam, cutting the beam and dropping the main length of it by approximately 9 inches the load area may be continued rearwards without interruption. In order to obtain the maximum width between the wheel arches, the brake cams and actuators are pushed outboard as far as possible. This allows a width of 51 inches between wheel arches to be obtained. The tyre specification is 16.5 R 22.5 PR 20 on 13 inch rims with a plated capacity of 10.14 ton. A weight saving of 90 kg is gained when compared to the conventional low-profile twin tyres. The performance and loading characteristics of the above specified vehicle are detailed below. With the direct-top gearbox D 22.5 tyres and an axle ratio of 4.53 the maximum governed road speed is 61.30 mph. Gradeability with 7 to 1 bottom gear and D 22.5 tyres, indicates a maximum gradeability of 20.6% (i.e. 1 in 4.9) assuming that wheelspin does not occur. To avoid the possibility of front axle overloading items such as the fuel tank and the batteries may be mounted behind the rear axle thus improving the weight distribution. The Bedford Chassis frame is a conventional "ladder-type" frame with side-rails of 10.3" x 3.2' x .31" section. From the front of the vehicle to just behind the front spring rearmost hanger bracket the same side-rail section and profile are retained with some modifications necessary to the cross-member upon which the auxiliary transfer box is mounted. Immediately behind the hanger bracket the frame drops vertically 16 inches before the side-rail continues rearwards at the lower level. At this point a bolted joint using tubular cross-members is used. A bolted construction allows the vehicle to be considered as "modules". If a new rear or front section is desired then the vehicle may be unbolted and renewed as required. Behind the "drop-joint" the same side-rail section of 10.5 inches is retained. The frame width over the side rails is 42 inches. The frame incorporates outriggers bolted outboard of the chassis side-rails at the cross-member locations. A simple and strong platform is then constructed by the use of preformed aluminium sections or hardwood planking simply constructed on top of the frame. The radiator is relocated behind the cab as the transmission components unavoidably take up all the area available between the engine and the front chassis cross-member. The radiator is mounted on the nearside behind the cab. The radiator area is relatively small, 3 square feet of core being required for cooling the Cummins 6BTA. The fuel tank is a shallow tank preferably 10 inches deep mounted inside the chassis frame made to utilise most of the inside width of the chassis, a capacity of 45 gallons may be accommodated in a tank about 36 inches long. As discussed a rear mounted located is the most suitable. The vehicle illustrated is particularly adapted for use as a brewery delivery vehicle with the load area being of sufficient size to accommodate eight pallets six between the axles and two behind the rear axle. This type of low level load area vehicle may be used for many other uses when a low level would be advantageous. Examples are other delivery vehicles and furniture vans. The use of these low load level vehicles leads to a number of further advantages. For example the constraints whereby factory floor levels have to be built high enough to ensure that loading bays are at a suitable height for conventional vehicle loading platforms no longer apply. Modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example a modified rear axle assembly is illustrated in Fig. 10. As the beam axle 16 is mounted at a low level the space available for the spring stack is limited. Thus as an alternative to the conventional dual rate spring installation, where the main and helper leaf springs are mounted in the same plane, the embodiment illustrated has a main spring 21 and a helper spring 22 mounted side by side to work on different but parallel planes. This provides a shallower spring height which assists in achieving a low floor height.

Claims: Claims 1 A vehicle comprising a chassis having first and second pairs of ground engaging wheel means arranged on a front portion and a rear portion of the chassis respectively, the first ground engaging wheel means being steerable, drive means in the form of a prime mover and gearbox, the prime mover being mounted on the chassis to the rear of the axle means for the first ground engaging wheel means and driving forward to gearbox apparatus which drives said axle means for said first ground engaging wheel means. 2 A vehicle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said gearbox apparatus comprises a change speed gearbox mounted in front of said axle means and driving forward to a transfer gearbox which drives said axle means, the mass of the prime mover and gearbox apparatus being distributed both in front of and behind said axle means. 3 A vehicle as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the transfer gearbox comprises means for transferring the drive from a forward direction at an input shaft from the change speed gearbox to a reverse direction at an output shaft connecting to a differential on said axle means. 4 A vehicle as claimed in Claims 1,2 or 3, wherein the rear portion of the chassis comprises a load area. 5 A vehicle comprising chassis means having first and second pairs of ground engaging wheel means arranged on a front portion and a rear portion of the chassis respectively, the front portion having drive and steering means for the vehicle and the rear portion having a load area, wherein axle means for the second pair of ground engaging wheels extend transversely below the load area and has end portions extending upwardly and on which the ground engaging wheels are mounted such that the load area may be arranged at a height below the rotational axis of the wheel means. 6 A vehicle as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the load area is arranged to be 20 inches (508 mm) above ground level when laden. 7 A vehicle as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, wherein the second wheel means have a substantial amount of offset such that hub means and stub axle means extending from the end portions of the axle means are contained substantially within the wheel means such that the load area may extend across the width between the inner faces of the wheels without intrusion from the axle means. 8 A vehicle as claimed in Claim 5, 6 or 7 wherein suspension means for the axle means are provided comprising leaf springs mounted below the axle means and fixed at each end to the chassis.

Inventors: STARK, RAYMOND HARVEY, THOMSON, GEORGE HAMILTON
Applicants: SCOTTISH & NEWCASTLE BREWERIES PLC
Application year: 1986
Main classification: B60K17
IPC codes: B60K17, B60K5, B62D21