AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus comprises a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor (1), a four-way valve (2), a room side heat exchanger (3), a pressure-reducing device (4) and an outdoor side heat exchanger (5) are connected in this order, wherein there is provided with a refrigerant temperature detector (20) provided at a pipe line near the outdoor side heat exchanger (5), a room temperature detector (22) for detecting temperature of a room and a controlling device (21) which is electrically connected to the refrigerant temperature detector (20) and the room temperature detector (22), said controlling device (21) controlling operations for room-warming and defrosting based on inputs from the detectors (20, 22).

Description: The present invention relates to an air conditioning apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2. US-A-4 406 133 discloses an air conditioning apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a four-way valve, a room side heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device and an outdoor heat exchanger are connected in this order, and which comprises a refrigerant temperature detector provided at a pipe line near the outdoor heat exchanger, a room temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the room and a controlling device which is electrically connected to the refrigerant temperature detector and to the room temperature detector and which controls operations for room-warming and defrosting based on inputs of the mentioned temperature detectors. Figure 1 shows a further conventional air conditioning apparatus. In the Figure, a reference numeral 1 designates a compressor, a numeral 2 designates a four-way valve, a numeral 3 designates a room side heat exchanger, a numeral 4 designates a capillary tube for room-warming operation, a numeral 5 designates an outdoor side heat exchanger, a numeral 6 designates an accumulator, a numeral 7 designates a capillary tube for cooling and defrosting operations, numerals 8 and 9 designate check valves, numerals 10 and 11 designate first and second temperature detectors respectively provided at the inlet and outlet sides of pipings connected to the outdoor side heat exchanger 5, and a numeral 12 designates a controlling device which is electrically connected to the first and second temperature detectors 10, 11; possesses the function of a timer, and outputs a signal to change operations from room-warming to defrosting and vice versa. The operation of the conventional apparatus will be described. During the room-warming operation, a refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is passed through the four-way valve 2, the room side heat exchanger 3, the check valve 8, the capillary tube 4 for room-warming, the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 to be returned to the compressor 1 via the accumulator 6 after it has again been passed through the four-way valve 2. In the defrosting operation, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows through the four-way valve 2, the outdoor side heat exchanger 5, the check valve 9, the capillary tube 7 for defrosting (cooling), and the room side heat exchanger 3 to return to the compressor 1 via the four-way valve 2 and the accumulator 6; thus a cycle of circulation is formed. In the room-warming operation, an integrating timer of the controlling device 12 counts time t₁ lapsed during the room-warming. The controlling device 12 compares the time t₁ with defrost prohibiting time t DS set in the controlling device 12 and compares the temperature T₁ of a piping which is detected by the first temperature detector 10 with a defrost initiating temperature T S . In this case, when t₁ > t DS and T₁ < T S , the controlling device outputs a signal to changing to the defrosting operation, while when t₁ > t DS and T₁ > T S , the room-warming operation is continued. In the defrosting operation, the integrating timer counts time t₂ lapsed in the defrosting operation, and the controlling device 12 compares the time t₂ with the longest defrosting time t Dmax set in the controlling device 12 and compares a temperature T₂ of the piping which is detected by the second temperature detector 11 with a defrost ending temperature T E . When the condition that T₂ > T E or t₂ > t Dmax provided T₂ < T E is established, the controlling device outputs a signal for changing to the room-warming operation. Accordingly, in the conventional apparatus, a timing changing from the room-warming operation to the defrosting operation is determined by the defrost prohibiting time, wherein the timing is usually fixed. Accordingly, the defrosting operation starts even when an amount of frost deposited in the outdoor side heat exchanger is small and the defrosting operation is unnecessary. On the contrary, even though a large amount of the frost remaines due to presence of the maximum defrosting time the room-warming operation is started. Thus, in the conventional air conditioning apparatus having a fixed defrost prohibiting time t DS and the maximum defrosting times t Dmax , there remaines frost in the outdoor side heat exchanger even after the defrosting operation. Accordingly, efficient operation can not be obtained. In the worst case, a large amount of the frost remained renders the air conditioning apparatus to be inoperable. When, the refrigerant is temporarily from in the reverse direction during the defrosting operation, there is a quiescent time for the room-warming operation and therefore, a room temperature may be reduced during the defrosting operation. Figure 2 is the diagram of a controlling circuit in the defrosting operation of a conventional heat-pump type air conditioning apparatus disclosed in, for instance, Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication 490393/1982. In Figure 2, the same reference numerals as in Figure 1 designate the same or corresponding parts. When a defrosting condition detector whose temperature sensitive part is in contact with a pipe connected to the inlet side of the outdoor side heat exchanger outputs a detecting signal, the contact 13a or 13b in a changing switch 13 is operated. The contact 13a of the changing switch 13 is a normally closed contact. When the defrosting condition detector outputs the detection signal, the contact 13a is opened and the contact 13b is closed. The contact 13a is connected to one side of the terminals 15 of a power source through a serial connection of the driving coil of the four-way valve 2 and one of switches 14 for room-warming operation. Similarly, the contact 13b is connected to the one of the terminals 15 of the power source through a relay 16 and the other switch 14. The movable contact of the changing switch 13 is connected to the other terminal 15 of the power source. Between the terminals 15 of the power source, a serial connection of a normally closed contact 16a of the relay 16, a fan 17 for the room side heat exchanger 3 and a blowing rate regulating switch 18 is connected in parallel to the serial connection of the changing switch 13, relay 16 or the driving coil 2a and the switch 14. During the room-warming operation, the switch 14 for the room-warming is closed to excite the driving coil 2a of the four-way valve whereby the four-way valve 2 is operated for the room-warming operation. Then, a high temperature, high pressure gas discharged from the compressor 1 is supplied through the four-way valve 2 to the room side heat exchanger 3 where it is cooled by air forcibly fed by the fan 17. The refrigerant liquefied in the room side heat exchanger is supplied to a pressure reducing device 4 where it undergoes adiabatic expansion to become a low pressure refrigerant. The low pressure refrigerant evaporates in the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 by the heat of air forcibly blown by the fan for the outdoor side heat exchanger to become a low pressure gas. The low pressure gas is then sucked into the compressor 1 through the four-way valve 2. In the recycling of the refrigerant, when the atmospheric temperature decreases, a calorie to be taken from the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 to the refrigerant circuit also decreases. When the temperature of the evaporation decreases and it is below 0°C, deposition of frost starts in the outdoor side heat exchanger 5. The frost causes reduction in capability of taking up the heat in the refrigerant. Accordingly, the temperature of the pipe at the inlet side of the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 further decreases and it becomes a temperature lower than a predetermined temperature. When the temperature of the pipe at the inlet side of the heat exchanger 5 is below the predetermined temperature, it is detected by the defrosting condition detector provided on the pipe near the inlet side of the heat exchanger 5 whereby the contact 13a of the changing switch 13 is opened. Accordingly, the driving coil 2a is deenergized to move the four-way valve 2 so that the refrigerant circuit is changed to cooling mode. Simultaneouly, the contact 13b is closed to excite the relay 16. The excitation of the relay 16 opens the normally closed contact 16a. Then, the fan 17 for the room side heat exchanger is stopped so that cool air is not blown from the room side heat exchanger 3. In this case, any contact arm in the blowing rate regulating switch 18 is closed. Thus, when the four-way valve 2 is operated to change the operation to cooling mode, the high temperature, high pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 1 is directly entered in the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 through the four-way valve 2 to dissolve the frost deposited in the heat exchanger by the heat of the refrigerant. On completion of the defrosting, the temperature of the temperature sensitive part of the defrosting condition detector 13 increases. Then, the contact 13a of the changing switch 13 is closed, while the contact 13b is opened, whereby the coil 2a of the four-way valve 2 is excited again and the four-way valve 2 is operated so that the operation is returned to room-warming mode. In the conventional air conditioning apparatus, however, the room-warming operation was not carried out during the defrosting operation or for a certain time after the restarting of the room-warming operation. Accordingly, an occupant felt uncomfortableness due to reduction in the room temperature. It is the problem of the present invention to provide an air conditioning apparatus which provides highly efficient operation, improves the comfortableness of an occupant in a room by defrosting operation at an optimal timing. This problem is solved by an air conditioning apparatus having the features of claim 1 or - in a different way - of claim 2. The present invention provides an air conditioning apparatus capable of defrosting an outdoor side heat exchanger while room-warming is carried out. In particular, according to the concept of claim 1 - the defrost prohibiting time is adjusted to match the room temperature drop detected during a defrosting step with an allowable temperature drop, whereas - according to the concept of claim 2 - the room temperature is increased before initiating a defrost cycle to such an extent that the room temperature after defrost will not drop below the initial room temperature. The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate several specific embodiments. In the drawings: Figure 1 is a diagram showing a refrigerant circuit of a conventional air conditioning apparatus; Figure 2 is an electric circuit in a defrosting operation of the conventional air conditioning apparatus; Figure 3 is a diagram of a first embodiment of the refrigerant circuit for the air conditioning apparatus according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a diagram showing an electric circuit of a controlling device and parts associated thereto in the air conditioning apparatus shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the controlling device shown in Figure 4; Figure 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of a controlling device in a modified form of the controlling device shown in Figure 5; Figure 7 is an electric circuit in the defrosting operation of a second embodiment of the controlling device of the air conditioning apparatus according to the present invention; Figure 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the controlling device shown in Figure 7; Figure 9 is a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time for the air conditioning apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the operation of the air conditioning apparatus in a modified form of the flow chart as in Figure 8; Figure 11 is a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time for the modified embodiment shown in Figure 10; Figure 12 is an electric circuit of the controlling device in the defrosting operation according to a third embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 is a flow chart showing the operation of the air conditioning apparatus provided with the controlling device shown in Figure 12; Figure 14 is a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time of the air conditioning apparatus shown in Figures 12 and 13; Figure 15 is a flow chart showing the operation of the controlling device in a modified form of the third embodiment; Figure 16 is a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time of the air conditioning apparatus shown in Figure 15; Figures 17 to 21 show a fourth embodiment of the air conditioning apparatus according to the present invention, in which Figure 17 is a block diagram; Figure 18 is an electric circuit of the controlling device in the defrosting operation; Figure 19 is a block diagram of the controlling device shown in Figure 18; Figure 20 is a flow chart showing the operation of the controlling device shown in Figure 19 and Figure 21 is a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time of the fourth embodiment; Figures 22 and 23 show diagrams of a modified embodiment of the fourth embodiment, in which Figure 22 is a flow chart showing the operation and Figure 23 is a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time; Figure 3 shows the refrigerant circuit of a first embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 3, the same reference numerals as in Figure 1 designate the same or corresponding parts. A reference numeral 1 designates a compressor, a numeral 2 designates a four-way valve, a numeral 3 designates a room side heat exchanger, a numeral 4 designates a capillary tube for room-warming, a numeral 5 designates an outdoor side heat exchanger, a numeral 6 designates an accumulator, a numeral 7 designates a capillary tube for cooling, numerals 8 and 9 designate check valves, a numeral 20 designates a temperature detector and a numeral 21 designates a controlling device connected to the temperature detector 20. The controlling device has a timer for integrating time lapsed during the room-warming or the defrosting operation. The controlling device further determines a defrost prohibiting time t DS , a defrost initiating temperature T s and a defrost ending temperature T E , and outputs a signal to change operations from the defrosting to the room-warming and vice versa. As apparent from Figure 3 in comparison with Figure 1, the second temperature detector 11 is omitted from Figure 1. However, the function of the controlling device 21 is fundamentally different from that in Figure 1. Figure 4 shows the construction of the controlling device 21 in detail. Figure 4 is a diagram of the electric circuit of the controlling device 21 and parts related thereto. A reference numeral 21 designates the controlling device consisting of a micro-computer which includes an input circuit 23 and a CPU 24. The input circuit 23 receives signals from the temperature detector 20 and a room temperature detector 22 and outputs a signal to the CPU 24. The controlling device 21 is also provided with a timer 25 which passes and receives data to and from the CPU 24. The output of the CPU 24 is supplied to a relay coil 27 and a semiconductor relay 28 through an output circuit 26. The relay coil 27 has a contact 31. The contact 31 and an electromagnetic valve 30 is serially connected between the both polarities of a power source 33. The electromagnetic valve 30 is adapted to be excited or deenergized by opening and closing operations of the contact 31 depending on actuation and deenergization of the relay coil 27. A serial connection of the semiconductor relay 28 and a fan 29 for the room side heat exchanger is connected across the both polarities of the power source 33. When the semiconductor relay 28 receives a signal from the output circuit 26, a conduction rate to the fan 29 is changed to thereby change the revolution of the fan 29. The primary coil of a transformer 32 is connected between the both polarities of the power source 33 to apply a voltage each part of the controlling device 21. Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the controlling device 21 in which T S represents a defrost initiating temperature; T E represents a defrost ending temperature; t DS represents a defrost prohibiting time; t Dmax represents the maximum defrosting time; T S1 respresents a room temperature at the time of starting the defrosting operation; T S2 represents a room temperature ta minutes after the defrosting has started; Δ T R1 (= T S2 - T S1 ) represents change in the room temperature caused in the ta minutes; T₁, T₂ represent temperatures of pipe lines detected by the temperature detector 20; t₁ represents time lapsed during the room-warming operation; ta represents a time from initiation of the defrosting operation to detection of the room temperature; Δt D represents a defrosting time and ΔT R represents allowable change in the room temperature which is originally set. When the power source is turned on, the controlling device 21 determines values T S , T E , t Dmax , t a , T R and so forth which are to be initially set at Step S1. At step S2, a defrost prohibiting time t DS1 is preliminarily determined. In the subsequent Steps, the defrost prohibiting time t DS becomes variable. Then, the temperature T₁ of the pipe line near the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 is detected by the temperature detector 20 provided on the pipe line connected to the outdoor side heat exchanger 5 at its inlet side during the room-warming operation (Step S3). When the room-warming operation is established (Step 4), the time t₁ lapsed during the room-warming operation is integrated at Step S5 and the integrated time t₁ is compared with the initially set defrost prohibiting time t DS at Step S6. On the other hand, the temperature T₁ of the pipe line is compared with the defrost initiating temperature T S at Step S7. When T₁ ≧ t DS1 and T₁ ≦ T S , a signal for changing to the defrosting operation is output, and at the same time, the time t₁ is cleared (Step S8). The room-warming operation is continued when the above-mentioned conditions do not establish. On the other hand, when the defrosting operation is carried out (Step S9), the room temperature T S1 at the time of initiating defrosting operation is detected, and the defrosting timeΔt D is integrated at Step S10. Then, the room temperature T S2 t a minutes after the initiation of the defrosting operation is detected at Step S11. The temperature T₂ of the pipe line is detected at Step S12. The temperature T₂ of the pipe line is compared with the defrost ending temperature T E at Step S13. If T₂ ≧ T E , the defrosting time Δt D is compared with the maximum defrosting time t Dmax at Step S14. Then, if Δt D > t Dmax , a value of change in the room temperature ΔT R1 (= T S2 - T S1 ) is calculated at Step S15. Thus obtained value of change in the room temperature Δ T R1 is compared with the initially determined allowable change in the room temperatureΔT R . WhenΔT R1 > ΔT R , the defrost prohibiting time t DS to be used in the subsequent steps is determined to be shorter than originally determined defrost prohibiting time t DS1 (Step S16). In this case, for instance, a relation of t DS = t DS1 - α is established where α is time for calibration which can be arbitrarily determined. Further, the following are determined; When Δ T R1 = Δ T R , then t DS = t DS1 and, when Δ T R < Δ T R , then t DS = t DS1 + α. When a room-warming changing signal is output, the defrosting time is cleared (Step S17). Thus, the degree of reduction in the room temperature is calculated on the basis of the room temperature at the defrost initiating time and the room temperature the t a minutes after the defrosting operation has initiated, and the defrost prohibiting time to be used for the subsequent steps is determined depending on the degree of reduction in the room temperature. In the above-mentioned embodiment, change in the room temperature is determined by the value of difference between the room temperature T S1 at the defrost initiating time and the room temperature T S at the time when ta minutes has lapsed from the initiation of the defrosting. However, a modification as shown in Figure 6 is available. Namely, Step S11 in Figure 5 is eliminated, and Step S18 is inserted between Steps S14 and S15. In this case, the same effect can be obtained by detecting the room temperature T S3 at the time of ending the defrosting operation and by determining the differential between the room temperature T S1 at the defrost initiating time and the room temperature T S3 at the defrost ending time at Step 15. When t₁ ≧ t DS and T₁ ≦ T S , the defrosting operation is started. In this case, the room temperature T S1 at the defrost initiating time is detected at Step S1, and the defrosting time Δt D is integrated at Step S10. Then, the pipe line temperature T₂ is detected at Step S12. The pipe line temperature T₂ is compared with the defrost ending temperature T E at Step S13, and the integrated time Δt D is compared with the maximum defrosting time t Dmax at Step S14. Then, when T₂ ≧ T E or Δt D ≧ t Dmax , the defrosting operation is finished. The room temperature T S3 under the above-mentioned condition is detected at Step S18. On the basis of thus obtained room temperature T S3 , change in the room temperature ΔT R (= T S3 - T S1 ) is calculated at Step 15. The value of change in the room temperature is used to determine the defrost prohibiting time in the subsequent steps (Step S16). In accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention, the defrosting operation is started at the optimum timing and unnecessary defrosting operation is prevented. Accordingly, the air conditioning apparatus can be operated at high efficiency, and comfortableness in a room can be obtained. In the following, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 7. In Figure 7, the same reference numerals as in Figure 2 designate the same or corresponding parts. The air conditioning apparatus shown in Figure 7 is featurized by providing a defrosting controlling device 36 and a room temperature detector 37. The defrosting controlling device 36 is provided with input terminals IN1, IN2 and an output terminal OUT1. The input terminal IN1 receives a detecting signal from the defrosting condition detector 40 and the input terminal IN2 receives a detecting signal from the room temperature detector 37. The defrosting condition detector 40 is placed on a pipe line at the inlet side of the outdoor side heat exchanger in the room-warming operations, and the room temperature detector 37 is placed in a room. The defrosting controlling device 36 generally comprises a micro-computer which includes a program ROM, a data RAM, an ALU (operating unit). The output terminal OUT1 of the defrosting controlling device 36 is adapted to change over the switching contact 13. Namely, the defrosting controlling device 36 reads the detecting signal input from the input terminals IN1, IN2 and sends the signal to the switching contact 13 from the output terminal OUT1 to perform the defrosting operation. The operation of the second embodiment will be described with reference to the flow chart of Figure 8 and the diagram of Figure 9. Figure 8 is a flow chart showing the defrosting controlling device 36 actuated by the output signal of the defrosting condition detector 40, and Figure 9 is a diagram showing a relation between time and the room temperature during the defrosting operation. In Figure 8, assuming that the room-warming operation is carried out at Step 1. When the controlling device receives the detecting signal from the defrosting condition detector 40, then, the operation is shifted from Step S2 to Step S3 at which an instruction is given to the room temperature detector 37 to increase room temperature by ΔT, while the room-warming operation is continued. When the room temperature detector 37 reaches the newly set room temperature (T +ΔT), then, the operation is forwarded to Step S5 at which the defrosting operation is started. On completion of the defrosting operation, which is detected by the defrosting condition detector 40, the operation is forwarded from Step 6 to Step 7 at which the room-warming operation is restarted. The process of restarting the room-warming operation after completion of the defrosting is the same as that of the conventional apparatus. At Step 7, the originally determined room temperature T is given to the room temperature detector 37 whereby the air conditioning apparatus is returned to the room-warming operation under the original condition. The function of the air conditioning apparatus will be described with reference to Figure 9. Figure 9 shows that the room temperature becomes (T + ΔT) due to increment ofΔT just before initiation of the defrosting operation, and the room temperature does not reduce to lower than the original room temperature T just after the completion of the defrosting operation. The increment of temperatureΔT may be determined depending on a load in the room. In the second embodiment, the room temperature is increased to (T + ΔT) just before the initiation of the defrosting operation. However, the same effect can be obtained by starting the defrosting operation when a certain time ΔS has lapsed after increase of the set room temperature. Figure 11 is a diagram showing a relation of change in time to the room temperature and Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the operation in the above-mentioned case. In Figure 10, a series of Steps S4, S9 and S5 are established to initiate the defrosting operation even though the room temperature does not reach the set room temperature (T +ΔT). The time ΔS may be determined in consideration that the capacity of room-warming is greately reduced by deposition of a large amount of frost in the outdoor side heat exchanger 5. In accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided the defrosting controlling device to let a set room temperature increase before initiation of the defrosting operation. Accordingly, reduction in the room temperature during the defrosting operation can be prevented and comfortableness in a living space can be obtained by a simple structure. Figure 12 is a circuit diagram showing a third embodiment of the air conditioning apparatus of the present invention. In Figure 12, the same reference numerals as in Figure 7 designate the same or corresponding parts, and therefore, description of these parts is omitted. The structure of the third embodiment is the same as that in Figure 7 except that a waveform regulating part 38 is provided. The defrosting controlling device 36 consisting of a micro-computer is provided with input terminals IN1, IN2 and output terminals OUT1, OUT2 and includes a program ROM, a data RAM and ALU (operating unit). The input terminal IN1 receives a detecting signal from the defrosting condition detector 40. On the other hand, the input terminal IN2 receives a detecting signal from the room temperature detector 37 which senses a room temperature in a room. The defrosting controlling device 36 reads the detecting signals received in the input terminals IN1, IN2 and outputs from the output terminals OUT1 an output signal so that the changing switch 13 is operated to start the defrosting operation. The controlling device 36 also outputs from the output terminal OUT2 an output signal to the waveform regulating part 38. The waveform regulating part 38 is connected between the terminals 15 for the power source and controls the revolution of the compressor 1 depeding on the output signal from the output terminal OUT2. The waveform regulating part 38 generally constitutes a device for driving an induction motor. The operation of the third embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 13 and 14. In Figure 13, when a detecting signal from the defrosting condition detector 40 is input to the input terminal IN1 during the room-warming operation (Step S1), determination is made as to whether or not conditions are suitable for starting the defrosting operation at Step S2. If the condition is affirmative, the revolution of the compressor 1 is increased byΔF (Step S3) as shown in Figure 14. At step S4, an instruction is given to the room temperature detector 37 to increase a set room temperature by ΔT, while the room-warming operation is continued. When the room temperature detector 37 detects the newly set room temperature (T +ΔT), then, Step S6 is taken to start the defrosting operation. The defrosting operation is carried out with the revolution F2 of the compressor 1 which has particularly been determined (Step S7). When the defrosting condition detector 40 takes a temperature to finish the defrosting operation and outputs a detecting signal to the input terminal IN1 of the controlling device 36, then Step S9 is taken to return the room-warming operation. At step S10, the revolution of the compressor 1 is determined to be F3 (Figure 14) which can be arbitrarity determined in the room-warming operation, and then, instruction is given to the room temperature detector 37 to have the originally set room temperature T; thus the condition is returned to the original room-warming operation (Step S11). Just before the initiation of the defrosting operation, the revolution of the compressor 1 is increased by ΔF to be (F1 +ΔF) and the temperature is increased by ΔT to be (T +ΔT). However, the room temperature does not decrease to a temperature lower than the original room temperature T even just after the completion of the defrosting operation. The increment of revolution Δ F of the compressor 1 and the increment of temperature ΔT of the room temperature detector 40 may be arbitrarily determined depending on a load in a room. In the third embodiment, the revolution of the compressor 1 is increased to (F1 +ΔF) just before the initiation of the defrosting operation and the room temperature is increased to (T +ΔT). However, the same effect can be obtained by starting the defrosting operation after the lapse of a certain time ΔS as shown in Figure 16 showing a relation between the room temperature and time. The defrosting operation is started after the time ΔS has lapsed during which the revolution of the compressor 1 and the room temperature has been increased. Figure 15 is a flow chart for performing the operation as in Figure 16. In Figure 15, determination is made whether or not the room temperature reaches the set room temperature (T +ΔT) at Step S5. However, the defrosting operation is started at Step S6 due to the lapse of time ΔS (Step S12) even though the room temperature does not reach the set temperature (T + ΔT). The timeΔS is determined in consideration of the ability of the outddor side heat exchanger which is largely affected by an amount of frost deposited in it. In the third embodiment of the present invention, the revolution of the compressor is increased to increase the room temperature before the initiation of the defrosting operation, and when the room temperature reaches the set temperature, the defrosting operation is started. Accordingly, reduction in the room temperature during the defrosting operation is prevented and comfortableness for living space can be obtained. Further, the construction of the apparatus can be simple. Figures 17, 18 and 19 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the Figures, the same reference numerals as in Figure 1, Figure 7 and Figure 12 designate the same or corresponding parts. Figure 17 is a diagram of the fourth embodiment. The fourth embodiment is so constructed that the defrosting condition detector 40 and the room temperature detector 37 are provided; when an output of the defrosting condition detector 40 is input to a set temperature increasing means 48, it lets a set temperature in the room temperature detector 37 increase; when a defrosting operation means 49 detects that the room temperature to be detected by the room temperature detector 37 reaches the set temperature determined by the set temperature increasing means 48, it operates the four-way valve 2 through the changing switch 13 to perform the defrosting operation; a memory means for memorizing reduction of room temperature 50 detects and memorizes reduction in the room temperature during the defrosting operation, and the memory means outputs a signal to the set temperature increasing means 48 so that a newly set temperature is used for the subsequent steps. Figures 18 and 19 are respectively a circuit diagram and a block diagram of the defrosting controlling device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In Figures, a reference numeral 51 designates a defrosting controlling device comprising a micro-computer and includes a CPU 51A, a memory 51B, an input circuit 51C and an output circuit 51D. The defrosting condition detector 40 is connected to an input terminal I1, the room temperature detector 37 is connected to another input terminal I2 of the input circuit 51C, and the changing switch 13 is connected to an output terminal O1 of the output circuit 51D. The operation of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 20 and 21. First of all, the room-warming operation is performed at Step S1. When the defrosting condition detector 40 detects establishment of defrosting condition (Step 2), Step S3 is taken so that a set temperature is determined to be (T + ΔT1) for starting of the defrosting operation, while the room-warming operation is continued. The temperature ΔT1 is determined by a value of reduction in the room temperature which has been detected by the room temperature dectector 37 in the previous defrosting operation. ΔT1 is zero before initiation of the first defrosting operation when the air conditioning apparatus has been started. When the room temperature reaches (T + ΔT1), the defrosting operation means 49 operates the changing switch 13 (Step 5) to start the defrosting operation. During the defrosting operation, when the room temperature detector 37 detects that the defrosting condition showed be released at Step 6, the defrosting condition is released, and thereafter, Step 7 is taken at which a value of reduction in the room temperature ΔT2 during the defrosting operation is detected by the room temperature detector 37. At Step S8, the value ΔT2 is memorized as a value of an increment of the room temperature which is used for the next defrosting operation. Thereafter, the room-warming operation is restarted at Step S9. At Step S10, the originally set temperature T is used and the original room-warming operation is carried out. Figure 21 is a diagram showing a relation between the room temperature and time in which the defrosting operations are repeatedly performed. Namely, a component ΔT a which is an amount of reduction of the room temperature in the previous defrosting operation is added to the next defrosting operation, and a component ΔT b which is an amount of reduction in the room temperature in the instant defrosting operation is added to the further next defrosting operation. Accordingly, the room temperature just after the completion of a certain defrosting operation becomes almost near the original room temperature T. Thus, temperature is detected for each defrosting operation and a reduced temperature is used for the subsequent defrosting operation depending on a load in a room. Figures 22 and 23 are respectively a flow chart and a diagram showing a relation between room temperature and time in a modified form of the above-mentioned fourth embodiment. In contrast with the fourth embodiment in which temperature reduction in a room is added for the subsequent defrosting operation, the modified embodiment is controlled such that an upper limit ofΔT1 is provided. Namely, in Figure 22, determination is made whether or not the increment of the room temperature Δ T1 is larger than a component ΔTx of the upper limit of the room temperature at Step S11. If it is smaller than the upper limit temperature, then Step S3 is taken. On the other hand, if it is larger than the limit, a component of increased room temperatureΔT1 is changed to ΔTx for the next defrosting operation at Step S12. ΔTx is determined to be lower than the maximum room temperature of an air conditioning apparatus. As described above, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the apparatus is made simple, while excessive reduction in the room temperature during the defrosting operation is prevented and a living space is kept in a comfortable condition.

Claims: An air conditioning apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor (1), a four-way valve (2), a room side heat exchanger (3), a pressure-reducing device and an outdoor side heat exchanger (5) are connected in this order, a refrigerant temperature detector (20, 40) provided at the refrigerant circuit near said outdoor side heat exchanger (5), a room temperature detector (22, 37) for detecting temperature of the room and a controlling device (21) which is electrically connected to said refrigerant temperature detector (20) and said room temperature detector (22, 37) and which controls operations for room-warming and defrosting based on inputs from said detectors by outputting a signal to change the room-warming operation to the defrosting operation and vice versa, characterized in that said controlling device (21) includes a timer (25) and is adapted to determine the temperature drop between a room temperature at the time of starting the defrosting operation and a room temperature at a predetermined time after the start of the defrosting operation, to compare this temperature drop with a predetermined allowable temperature drop and to adapt, based on this comparison, a defrost prohibiting time to adjust the intervals between consecutive defrosting operation such that the temperature drop will not exceed the allowable temperature drop. An air conditioning apparatus comprising a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor (1), a four-way valve (2), a room side heat exchanger (3), a pressure-reducing device and an outdoor side heat exchanger (5) are connected in this order, a refrigerant temperature detector (20, 40) provided at the refrigerant circuit near said outdoor side heat exchanger (5), a room temperature detector (22, 37) for detecting temperature of a room and a controlling device (21) which is electrically connected to said refrigerant temperature detector (20) and said room temperature detector (22, 37) and which controls operations for room-warming and defrosting based on inputs from said detectors by outputting a signal to change the room-warming operation to the defrosting operation and vice versa, characterized in that said refrigerant temperature detector (20) detects a temperature at which the defrosting operation is to be started, and said controlling device (21) operates the refrigerant circuit so as to raise the room temperature to be detected by said room temperature detector (22) when said controlling device (21) receives a defrost operation start signal from said refrigerant temperature detector and starts a defrosting operation a predetermined time after said room temperature has been raised. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said controlling device (21) increases the speed of said compressor (1) before starting the defrosting operation. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said controlling device (21) starts the defrosting operation after the decision that the speed of said compressor is increased and the room temperature is raised, has been made and a certain time has lapsed from the decision. The air conditioning apparatus according to claims 2, 3 or 4, wherein said controlling device (21) comprises a defrosting means for starting the defrosting operation by actuating said four-way valve, a temperature increasing means for increasing the room temperature to a predetermined temperature and a memory means for memorizing a value of reduction in room temperature occuring during the defrosting operation, wherein said defrosting means starts the defrosting operation by the actuation of said four-way valve when a signal from said refrigerant temperature detector (20, 40) is given and the room temperature reaches said predetermined temperature, said temperature increasing means increases said predetermined temperature before said defrosting operation is started, and said memory means stores a value of reduction in room temperature during the defrosting operation as an increment value to use it for determining the increase in room temperature to be used in the next operation. The air conditioning apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said temperature increasing means has an upper limit of temperature.

Inventors: IIJIMA. HITOSHI, ISHIOKA, HIDENORI, ISONO, KAZUAKI, MATSUDA, KENJI, MATSUOKA, FUMIO, TEZUKA, TOMOFUMI, UMEMURA, HIROYUKI
Applicants: MITSUBISHI DENKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Application year: 1986
Main classification: F25B47
IPC codes: F25D21, F25B13