SPINNERET ASSEMBLY FOR CONJUGATE SPINNING

Abstract: A spinneret assembly for conjugate spinning includes (1) a spinneret plate provided with a number of spinning holes and (2) a distribution plate superposed closely upon the upper face of the spinneret plate onto which two kinds of spinning liquids are to be fed, and the distribution plate is arranged in such a manner that, of separate spinning liquid paths for the two kinds of spinning liquid comprising a number of separate and parallel inlet grooves for receiving individually and alternately the two kinds of spinning liquids fed from above and guide paths for guiding individually the two kinds of spinning liquids fed out of the inlet grooves onto upper openings of the spinning holes in the spinneret plate, it is provided with at least said guide paths, a part or whole of each of which forms a pressure-adjusting means. Liquid stor­ ing chambers are provided on the lower face of the distribu­ tion plate at positions corresponding to the spinning holes. Each of the liquid storing chambers is recessed at the upper portion, and has at least one diameter longer than the diame­ ter of the upper openings of the corresponding spinning hole, and is provided with two guide paths for guiding the two kinds of spinning liquid fed individually out of the adjacent two inlet grooves to both ends of the longer diameter of each of the liquid storing chambers. A part of whole of each of the guide paths extending to both ends of each of the liquid stor­ ing chambers forms pressure-adjusting means or holes hav­ ing a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of each of the liquid storing chambers perpendicular to the longer diameter.

Description: Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spinneret assembly for conjugate spinning, which has no substantial influence upon a conjugate ratio in the side-by-side type conjugate spinning, even when there is a more or less variation in the relative position between a spinning plate and a distributing plate superposed closely thereupon due to their getting out of order, and can be increased in size to increase the number of spinning holes and hence the spinning efficiency. Statement of the Prior Art The production of side-by-side type conjugate fibers from two kinds of thermoplastic resins has been carried out for a long time. Year after year, the side-by-side type conjugate fibers (which may be simply called the conjugate fiber or fibers in the description to follow) have enjoyed steadily increased use as staple fibers. In general, there are mainly two types of the processes for producing the staple fibers. One process involves effecting spinning at a spinning rate of several hundreds to 3,000 meters per minute, bundling the obtained unstretached fibers and temporarily storing them in a container, and thereafter collecting them together to form a thick tow which is then fed to a stretching step in which the required stretching, crimping, heat-treatment and like treatments were applied, followed by cutting and packaging. The other process involves effecting spinning at a low spinning rate of several meters to several tens meters per minute, and feeding the thus spinned unstretched fibers directly to a stretching step, not through any storing step, in which a succession of treatments such as stretching, crimping, heat-treatment and cutting are continuously carried out (this step will hereinafter be referred to as the continuous type production process). The continuous type production process is carried out without any interruption between the spinning step and the stretching step, and is more advantageous than the first-mentioned process in that higher yields are achieved, and containers and working area, installation and labor associated therewith are dispensed with, resulting in a recent tendency for conjugate staple fibers to be produced by that continuous type production process. The principles of the production of conjugate fibers applied in general are that two kinds of thermoplastic resins are independently molten by heating to prepare independent spinning liquids, separately feeding them under pressure to the associated spinning holes by way of independent paths, at or just before which they are combined with each other at a predetermined ratio ( of 1 : 1 in most cases; the following explanation shall typically be made to the conjugate ratio of 1 : 1), and spinning them out of the spinning holes, followed by the given steps. Reference will now be made to one typical example of the spinneret assembly heretofore used for spinning conjugate fibers with reference to the drawings. The spinneret assembly for spinning conjugate fibers may simply be called the spinneret assembly in the description to follow. Figure 9(a) illustrates in principle the main structure of the conventional spinneret assembly in its normal state where the upper and lower parts are positioned in order, Figure 9(b) and (c) are schematical views illustrating each the section of the fiber corresponding to the just above hole in Figure 9(a), Figure 10 is a sectional view of a concrete example of the spinneret assembly of the main structure illustrated in Figure 9(a), Figure 11 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Figure 10, in which some repeating units are omitted, Figure 12 is a plan view showing a distribution aiding plate used in Figures 10 and 11, Figure 13(a) shows a variation in the relative position between the upper and lower parts illustrated in Figure 9(a), and Figures 13(b) and 13(c) are schematical views illustrating each the section of the fiber corresponding to the just above hole in Figure 13(a). Referring to Figure 9(a), a spinning plate 1 includes therein a number of spinning holes 2. Usually, the multiplicity of spinning holes 2 are formed in a plurality of rows that are parallel with each other and in at least one direction, and are disposed at equal intervals. A distribution plate 8 is superposed on and brought into close contact with the upper face of the spinning plate 1, to which the spinning liquid are to be fed. Of separate spinning liquid paths comprising a number of inlet grooves 9 disposed in parallel so as to receive separately and alternatively two kinds of spinning liquid A and B fed from above and guide paths C for guiding independently the liquid A and B leaving the inlet grooves 9 into the upper openings 2 a of the respective spinning holes 2 in the spinning plate 1, at least the guide paths C are provided to the distribution plate 8. It is noted in this connected that a part or whole of each guide path C forms pressure-adjusting means or holes 10. In the assembly of Figure 9, the inlet grooves 9 are also provided in the distribution plate 8. In the distribution plate 8 used with the conventional spinneret assembly, the endmost portion of guide path C is practically bifurcated in the outlet grooves 11 extending over the adjacent two rows of spinning holes of the spinning plate 1, as illustrated in Figure 9(a). The pressure-adjusting means or holes 10 is then formed between inlet and outlet grooves 9 and 11 in the guide path C . In this case, the lower end portion of a partition wall 12 for spacing a outlet groove 11 away from the adjacent outlet groove 11 serves to divide an upper open portion 2 a of each row of spinning holes 2 at its central portion into two equal left and right subportions 2 a ' and 2 a ''.As illustrated in Figure 9(a), therefore, the spinning liquid A and B regulated in respect of pressure in the associated guide paths C are fed into one spinning hole 2. Thus the spinning liquid A or B regulated in respect of pressure in one guide path C is branched out at the endmost portion of that guide path C and guided into the adjacent rows of spinning holes 2. In this manner, the two kinds of spinning liquid A and B are spinned out of one spinning hole 2 without being mixed together, thus giving the side-by-side type conjugate structure. One concrete example of the conventional spinneret assembly having such a main structure as mentioned above will be explained with reference to Figures 10 and 11 (corresponding to the sectional direction in Figure 9). Superposed upon the spinning plate 1 is the distribution plate 8 including therein the inlet grooves 9 to which the two kinds of spinning liquid A and B may individually and alternately be fed according to any of the known techniques. In the example illustrated, a distribution-aiding plate 13, shown in Figure 12, is placed upon the distribution plate 8 as the auxiliary plate designed to this end, upon which the filter 14 is further superposed for the purpose of removing foreign matters from the spinning liquid. These parts are housed within a spinneret cap 15, as disclosed in Figure 10. All the parts but the filter 14 are accurately positioned by set pins to locate the lower end portion of the partition wall 12 at the middle of the upper opening portion 2 a of the spinning hole 2 of the spinning plate 1. The spinning liquids A and B are respectively fed from the associated inlet ports 15 a and 15 b formed in the spinneret cap 15, and are stored in left and right top reservoir chambers 16 and 16' defined by a separation wall 15 c extending from the inside of the top portion of the cap 15, whence they are supplied to the distribution plate 8 successively through the filter 14 and the distribution-aiding plate 13. The distribution-aiding plate 13 is provided therein with a number of inlet holes 13 a , which are of the arrangement that they are divided into the left and right groups along the center line zone thereof, and that, when the distribution-aiding plate 13 is superposed upon the distribution plate 8 with the center line zone crossing at right angles to the inlet grooves 9, such inlet holes 13 a are linearly located at the respective positions corresponding to the respective inlet grooves 9, and alternate in the left and right groups. The separation wall 15 c of the spinneret cap 15 is allowed to engage at its lower end portion with that center line zone through the filter 14. Consequently, when the two kinds of spinning liquid A and B are individually fed to the distribution plate 8 through the distribution-aiding plate 13, as stated above, they are introduced into the multiplicity of inlet grooves 9 disposed in parallel in the distribution plate 8 in the way of alternating the inlet groove 9 into which spinning liquid A is introduced with the inlet groove 9 into which spinning liquid B is introduced, pass through the pressure adjusting means or holes 10 and outlet grooves 11, and are spinned out of the spinning holes 2 to give a conjugate structure commprising the components A and B . As the aforesaid conventional spinneret assembly is repeatedly used over an extended period of time, the stack of the spinneret plate 1, the distribution plate 8, the spinneret cap 15 and the like becomes out of order due to the deformation and thinning of the set pins, the distortion and thermal expansion of the spinneret plate 1, the distribution plate 8 and the spinneret cap 15, etc. The result is that the spinneret plate 1 is horizontally displaced with respect to the distribution plate 8, and vice versa. Where such displacement takes place along the lengthwise direction of the partition wall 12, it has not any influence upon the conjugate ratio, since the fiber takes on the same sectional shape as shown in Figure 9(b),(c). This is because the relation in position between the partition wall 12 of the distribution plate 8 and the spinning hole 2 in the spinneret plate 1 is in a normal state as shown in Figure 9(a). However, where the displacement occurs in the direction crossing the lengthwise direction of the partition wall 12 of the distribution plate 8, it exerts an influence upon the conjugate ratio, since the relation in position between the partition wall 12 and the spinning hole 2 varies, as shown in Figure 13(a). Particularly when it is intended to produce the staple fibers of conjugate fibers by the aforesaid continuous process, noticeable influences are exerted upon the conjugate ratio and, in some cases, upon the divided state, i.e., conjugate structure of the composite components A and B in the fiber section. Since the continuous process is of a low productivity per spinning hole 2 due to its low spinning rate, it is required to increase the spinning rate and use as much spinning holes as possible, for instance, in the order of several thousands of spinning holes per spinneret assembly. To realize this, the overall size of the spinneret assembly should be increased, thus resulting in an increase in the displacement. When the positional relation between the partition wall 12 and the spinning hole 2 varies in this manner, there is a variation in the amount of the spinning liquid A or B forced from one outlet groove 11 into the two spinning holes 2 under the same pressure, the above mentioned variation depending upon a variation in the size of the two upper openings 2 a ' and 2 a '' positioned on the left and right sides of one spinning hole 2 as shown in Figure 13(a). Thus, the spinning liquid A and B are forced into one spinning hole 2 in varied amounts. As will be appreciated from Figures 13(b) and (c) showing the sections of the fibers upon spinnned out, therefore, the conjugate ratio of the components A and B does not only depart largely from 1:1, but the conjugate structure is also affected. The above mentioned prior art spinneret assembly has offered such problems. Moreover GB-A-1233763 discloses another spinneret assembly for two component conjugate fibers, into which two polymers are fed separately to two chambers. The two polymers pass through their respective channels into two grooves separately, into one thin rectangular metering passage at both sides of the passage, and merge just before they pass through a spinning hole opening at the center of the passage. But the regulation of the quantity of the flow of each polymer to the spinning hole is achieved by regulating the width and the length of each side portion of the passage divided by the spinning hole. From this view point, the spinning hole must be positioned on the point of boundary between the two portions of the metering passage. This means that a little sliding out of the spinneret plate provided with the spinning hole from the metering plate provided with the metering passage affects largely the conjugate ratio of the two components and the conjugate structure. GB-A-1225669 discloses another spinneret assembly for two component conjugate fibers, comprising an intermediate plate having communication passages bored through separately for each component, a second intermediate plate having outer and inner passage bores joined to the communication passages of the first intermediate plate respectively, and a spinneret plate having spinning holes and elongated recesses on its upper surface each of which recesses is kept in communication with a pair of neighboring outer and inner passage bores. As the most important feature of this spinneret, the spinneret plate is recessed at its bottom surface so as to provide an inclinedly intersecting surface relative to all the spinning holes, bringing a result of obviating filament deflection caused by the different viscosities of the fused component polymers. This prior art is silent as to influences of the relation of the pressures in the passage bore and in the recess on the conjugate ratio when the second intemediate plate is horizontally displaced with respect to the spinneret plate. Summary of the Invention A main object of the present invention is to provide a spinneret assembly for conjugate spinning, which is freed of the technical problems as mentioned above, and which has no substantial influence upon the conjugate ratio, even when a spinneret plate and a distribution plate, stacked one upon the other, become out of order and are more or less displaced with respect to each other. According to the present invention, this object is achieved by a spinneret assembly for conjugate spinning, including a spinneret plate provided with a number of spinning holes and a distribution plate superposed closely upon the upper face of said spinneret plate onto which two kinds of spinning liquids (A, B) are to be fed, and arranged in such a manner that separate spinning liquid paths for said two kinds of spinning liquid comprising a number of separate and parallel inlet grooves for receiving individually and alternately said two kinds of spinning liquids fed from above are provided, guide paths for guiding individually said two kinds of spinning liquids fed out of said inlet grooves onto upper openings of said spinning holes in said spinneret plate further being provided, whereby a part or whole of each of said guide paths forms a pressure-adjusting means, which is characterized in that liquid storing chambers are provided on the lower face of said distribution plate at positions corresponding to said spinning holes, each of said liquid storing chambers is recessed at the upper portion and having at least one diameter longer (L) than the diameter (d) of the upper openings of the spinning hole, each of said liquid storing chambers is provided with two guide paths for guiding said two kinds of spinning liquids fed individually out of the adjacent two inlet grooves to both ends of said longer diameter (L) of each of said liquid storing chambers , and a part or whole of each of said guide paths extends to both ends of each of said liquid storing chambers forming pressure-adjusting means or holes having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of each of said liquid storing chambers perpendicular to said longer diameter (L). Advantageously this spinneret assembly is characterized in that a portion of each of said guide paths extending from its inlet open in each of said inlet grooves (4) to both ends of said longer diameter (L) of each of said liquid storing chambers comprises a common, larger-diameter guide path section on the side of each inlet groove and branched path sections extending from the lower end thereof to the adjacent left and right liquid storing chambers. Brief Description of the Drawings The aforesaid and other objects as well as the features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 is a sectional view illustrating in principle the primary structure of one embodiment of the spinneret assembly according to the present invnetion, Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line I-I of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of Figure 1, Figure 4(a) is a view illustrating a state where the spinneret plate is relatively displaced with respect to the distribution plate in the normal state of Figure 1, Figures 4(b) and (c) are sectional views illustrating schematically the sections of the fibers corresponding to the just above hole in Figure 4(a), Figure 5(a) is a view illustrating a state where the spinneret plate is relatively displaced with respect to the distribution plate in the state of Figure 2, Figure 5(b) is a sectional view showing schematically the section of the fiber corresponding to the just above hole in Figure 5(a), Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of Figure 5(a), Figure 7 (a), (b) and (c) are sectional views taken along the same line as in Figure 6, showing the relations in size and position alone between a upper opening of a spinning hole of the spinneret plate and a liquid storing chamber of the distribution plate, Figure 8 is a sectional view illustrating partly one concrete example of the spinneret assembly according to the present invention, in which some repeating uints are omitted. Detailed Description of the Invention The structure of the present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to the drawings. Referring to Figures 1 to 8, a spinneret plate generally shown at 1 is provided with a number of spinning holes 2. The spinneret plate 1 is similar to the spinneret plate 1 used in the prior art in that the multiplicity of spinning holes 2 are arranged at equal intervals and in a plurality of rows which are in parallel at least in one direction. According to the present invention, however, although any particular limitations are not imposed upon the pitch and density of spinning holes, and the spinning holes may actually be used at a density of 100 holes/cm² (corresponding to a pitch of about 0.8 mm × 1.2 mm). A distribution plate generally shown at 3 is superposed closely upon the upper face of the spinneret plate 1 onto which spinning liquids are to be fed. The distribution plate 3 is similar to the distribution plate 13 in the prior art in that separate spinning liquid paths comprising a number of inlet grooves 4 disposed in parallel so as to receive independently and alternately two kinds of spinning liquid A and B fed from above are provided, guide paths C for guiding independently the spinning liquid A and B fed from the grooves 4 onto an upper opening 2 a of each spinning hole 2 in the spinneret plate 1, further being provided, whereby a part or whole of each of said guide paths forms a pressure-adjusting means or holes 5. Although not illustrated, the inlet grooves 4 are not necessarily formed in the distribution plate 3. For instance, a member having slits corresponding to the inlet grooves 4 may be provided separately from the distribution plate 3. Alternatively, such a member may be provided on the lower side of the aforesaid distribution-aiding plate 13. It is noted, however, that the spinneret assembly of the present invention is characterized in that the distribution plate 3 used therein is of the following construction. That is, a liquid storing chamber 6 is provided on the lower face of the distribution plate 3 at a position corresponding to each spinning hole 2 in the spinneret plate 1, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, said chamber 6 being recessed at its upper portion and having at least one diameter L (hereinafter sometimes called the longer diameter) longer than the diameter d of an upper opening (usually of a circular shape) of the corresponding spinning hole 2. Liquid storing chamber 6 each is provided with two paths for guiding the two kinds of spinning liquids A and B individually fed out of the adjacent two inlet grooves 4 and 4 to both ends of the longer diameter L thereof. These paths form the guide path C for guiding two kinds of spinning liquid with the liquid storing chamber 6. The guide path C then comprises separate path extending to the liquid storing chamber 6, in one case from the outset, and in the other case being branched after common path section having a larger diameter (to be described later), and a part or whole of each of said separate path form the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5. In this case, the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5 are selected such that its cross-sectional area s is smaller than the cross-sectional area S perpendicular to the longer diameter L of the liquid storing chamber 6. In the present invention, the guide paths C for guiding the two kinds of spinning liquid A and B fed out of the resepective inlet grooves 4 onto the upper openings 2 a of the respective spinning holes 2 by way of the liquid storing chambers 6 are thus arranged for the respective spinning hole rows. Then, two guide paths for the spinning liquid A or B fed out of one inlet groove 4 into the left and right liquid storing chambers 6 and 6 are formed as the path sections of each guide path C extending from the inelt of the groove 4 to both ends of the longer diameter L of the liquid storing chamber 6. However, it is not required that the left and right path sections be formed separately from the outset of the guide path C . It is rather preferable that a larger-diameter guide path 7 located on the side of the inlet groove 4 is first provided, and is then branched at its lower end to form the left and right path sections terminating at the adjacent liquid storing chambers 6 as shown in Figure 1, since the flow of the spinning liquid A or B becomes more stable, and the distribution plate 3 is easier to manufacture. To attain a sufficient pressure on the side of the larger-diameter guide path 7 or the inlet groove 4, the diameter and length of the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5 should be determined depending upon the type of thermoplastic resin used and the spinning conditions involved. The relation in size between the liquid storing chambers 6 and the upper openings 2 a of the spinning holes 2 in the spinneret plate 1 may be selected such that at least one diameter L of each chamber 6 is larger than the diameter d of the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2.The other diameter ℓ (hereinafter sometimes called the shorter diameter) may be equal to (see Figure 7(a)), smaller than (see Figures 7 (b) and (c)) or larger than (provided that it should be smaller than L ) the diameter d of the upper opening 2 a . A concrete example of the spinneret assembly in which the distribution plate 3 constructed as mentioned above is used is shown in Figure 8 at an enlarged scale, corresponding to Figure 11 showing a concrete example of the prior art spinneret assembly. In using the spinneret assembly of the present invention, the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2 is positioned at the center of the longer diameter L of the liquid storing chamber 6, when no displacment occurs between the spinneret plate 1 and the distribution plate 3. It is to be understood that no closure is found between the liquid storing chamber 6 and the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2, even though the shorter diameter ℓ of the liquid storing chamber 6 is equal to the diameter d of the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2 (as illustrated in Figure 7(a)) or smaller than d (as illustrated in Fgiure 7(b)). Even if such displacement as illustrated in Figure 4(a) or 5(a) occurs between the spinneret plate 1 and the distribution plate 3, sufficient communication is assured therebetween due to the fact that they overlap at least partly with each other and the liquid storing chamber 6 is recessed at its upper portion, unless such displacement comes to an extreme. Even such displacement gives rise to a difference in the distance from the outlet of the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5 to the upper opening 2 a of the corresponding spinning hole 2, it has no substantial influence upon the conjugate ratio achieved and conjugate structure obtained in the respective spinning holes 2, as shown in Figures 4(b) and (c) and Figure 5(b). The reasons are that: The pressure-adjusting means or holes 5 is provided in the course of the guide path C extending to the liquid storing chamber 6 to give out a sufficient pressure difference in front and in rear thereof, which serves to make uniform the flow rate of spinning liquids flowing therethrough; The cross-sectional area S of the liquid storing chamber 6 perpendicular to the longer diameter L is made larger than the cross-sectional area s of the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5, whereby it is possible to decrease the resistance to the flow of the spinning liquid A and B from the outlet of the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5 to the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2 and thereby more effectively make uniform the flow rate of spinning liquids flowing through the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5; and The longer diameter L of the liquid storing chamber 6 is made longer than the diameter d of of the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2, whereby the two outlets of the pressure-adjusting means holes 5, which are open at the both ends of the longer diameter L , are constantly and substantially opposite to each other on both sides of the middle portion of the upper opening 2 a , even when there is a more or less variation in position between the spinneret plate 1 and the distribution plate 3. Consequently, the spinning liquid A and B fed under pressure to both ends of the longer diameter L of the liquid storing chamber 6 are forced into the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2 in an extremely stable manner. The larger the cross-sectional area S of the liquid storing chamber 6, the less the influence exerted by a difference in the distance from the two outlets of the pressure-adjusting means or holes 5 to the upper opening 2 a of the spinning hole 2, said difference being brought about by displacement or positional variation. According to the spinneret assembly of the present invention, even when it becomes out of order due to its repeated operation over an extended period of time so that there is a more or less variation in position between the spinneret plate and the distribution plate, such positional variation has no substantial influence upon not only the conjugate structure but also the conjugate ratio in the parallel type conjugate spinning. Thus, the spinneret assembly of the present invention can be increased in size with increases in the number of spinning holes to be used, and can therefore be operated with higher efficiency.

Claims: A spinneret assembly for conjugate spinning, including a spinneret plate (1) provided with a number of spinning holes and a distribution plate (3) superposed closely upon the upper face of said spinneret plate onto which two kinds of spinning liquids (A, B) are to be fed, and arranged in such a manner that separate spinning liquid paths for said two kinds of spinning liquid comprising a number of separate and parallel inlet grooves (4) for receiving individually and alternately said two kinds of spinning liquids fed from above are provided, guide paths for guiding individually said two kinds of spinning liquids fed out of said inlet grooves (4) onto upper openings (2a) of said spinning holes (2) in said spinneret plate further being provided whereby a part or whole of each of said guide paths forms a pressure-adjusting means (5), characterised in that liquid storing chambers (6) are provided on the lower face of said distribution plate (3) at positions corresponding to said spinning holes, each of said liquid storing chambers (6) is recessed at the upper portion and having at least one diameter longer (L) than the diameter (d) of the upper openings (2a) of the spinning hole (2), each of said liquid storing chambers (6) is provided with two guide paths (7) for guiding said two kinds of spinning liquids fed individually out of the adjacent two inlet grooves (4) to both ends of said longer diameter (L) of each of said liquid storing chambers (6), and a part or whole of each of said guide paths extends to both ends of each of said liquid storing chambers (6) forming pressure-adjusting means (5) or holes having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of each of said liquid storing chambers (6) perpendicular to said longer diameter (L). A spinneret assembly as recited in Claim 1, characterised in that a portion of each of said guide paths (7) extending from its inlet open in each of said inlet grooves (4) to both ends of said longer diameter (L) of each of said liquid storing chambers (6) comprises a common, larger-diameter guide path section on the side of each inlet groove (4) and branched path sections extending from the lower end thereof to the adjacent left and right liquid storing chambers (6).

Inventors: NAKAJIMA, SADAAKI, TERAKAWA, TAIJU
Applicants: CHISSO CORPORATION
Application year: 1986
Main classification: D01D5
IPC codes: D01D5