A SHAPED ARTICLE AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE ARTICLE

Abstract: A shaped article comprising a coherent matrix comprising inorganic particles of a size of 20A &cir& o-1000 mu m with gap grading with two or several particle sizes, the particles being homogeneously arranged with at least particles of one of the sizes being densely packed and the densely packed particles occupying at the most 90% of the volume occupied by the particles, organic polymeric material in the interparticle void, the molecular weight of the polymer being at least 5000, preferably at least 10,000, most preferably at least 15,000 g/mole, and optionally comprising additional bodies which are fibers and/or have at least one dimension larger than 1000 mu m.

Description: A SHAPED ARTICLE AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE ARTICLE The present invention relates to shaped articles which comprise in¬ organic or hydraulic matrices and which show advantageous properties, in particular advantageous mechanical properties , compared to known materials of equal chemical composition , and which may be prepared in a more easy and/or more economic manner. The technologies in the modern polymer industry provide highly effec¬ tive and low cost processing and production facilities, and it would therefore be desirable to provide a cheap material based on cement or cement-li ke particles which could be used for making useful articles by technologies similar to the technologies used in the polymer indu¬ stry such as extrusion , injection moulding, rolling or calendering, pressu re forming, blowing and other viscous deformation processes, while at the same time obtaining high quality materials showing satis- factory matrix density, strength and dimension stability. Fu rthermore, it would be desirable to provide materials permitting the shaping of articles in any desi red shape by such the technologies . The present invention provides materials showing such desi rable cha¬ racteristics with respect to the methods by which such articles can be made and/or with respect to the unique mechanical properties of the final article. DISCLOSURE OF THE I NVENTION The invention relates to shaped articles comprising a coherent matrix comprising inorganic particles of a size of 20A- 1000 ym with gap grading with two or several particle sizes, the particles being homogeneously arranged with at least particles of one of the sizes being densely packed and the densely packed particles occupying at the most 90% of the volume occupied by the particles, organic polymeric material in the interparticle void, the molecular weight of the polymer being at least 5000, preferably at least 10,000, most preferably at least 15,000 g/mole, and optionally comprising additional bodies which are fibers and/or have at least one di¬ mension larger than 1000 ym . It has been found that when the matrix is a matrix obtainable by for¬ mation of bonds between particles (or reaction products formed from the particles) corresponding to the characterization given above, the particles being homogeneously arranged with at least particles of one of the sizes of particles involved bei-ng densely packed, shaped artic¬ les of superior quality and superior mechanical strength may be ob¬ tained . The homogeneous arrangement of the particles and the dense packing of the particles of at least one of the sizes may be secured by imposing particular rheological properties to the composition from which the materials are made and subjecting the composition to a par¬ ticular shear mixing process, such as will , appear from the following description . Thus , the invention also relates to a method for preparing such a shaped article, said method comprising subjecting a composition having a shear strength of at least 1 kPa, preferably at least 5 kPa, -1 2 -1 at shear strain velocities in the range of 10 -10 sec. and com¬ prising inorganic particles of a size of 20A-1000 urn homogeneously ar¬ ranged in a processing matrix having a sufficient viscosity to secure the above-mentioned viscosity of the composition , at least one particle size fraction of the particles being densely packed, the densely pack¬ ed particles occupying at the most 90% of the volume occupied by the particles, and optionally comprising additional bodies which are fi¬ bers, to a shear mixing process at shear strain velocities at which the composition has substantially higher, preferably one power of 10 higher, resistance to viscous deformation than to frictional or cohesive deformation , optionally subjecting the thus mixed composition to additional shaping , optionally with incorporation of additional bodies which are fibers and/or have at least one dimension larger than 1000 urn, and thereafter subjecting the composition to solidification . The above-mentioned condition that the composition has a shear strength of at least 1 kPa , preferably at least 5 kPa , at shear strain velocities in the range of 10 -10 2 sec. is used in the present context to characterize the composition and should not be taken as an indication to the effect that the shear strain velocities to which the composition is subjected are necessarily in that range; indeed, it is preferred that the shear strain velocities to which the composition is subjected du ring the mixing are at least 10 . 2 2 sec. When particle systems of the kind defined above are subjected to shear strain velocities at which the composition has substantially higher resistance to viscous deformation than to frictional or cohesive deformation , it is possible to obtain a unique homogeneity of the arrangement of the particles . This unique , homogeneity with at least one particle size fraction of the particles being densely packed results in hitherto unobtainable qualites of the final materials , in particular a very high modulus of ruptu re. Preferably, the particles of the composition subjected to the shear mixing process comprise fine pa rticles of a size of the range of- 20A- 200 μm with gap grading with one or several particle size jumps , the particles being homogeneously arranged with at least particles of one of the sizes being densely packed . I n particular, the particles com¬ prise a particle fraction with densely packed particles of a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0. 1 -100 μm, preferably in the range of 1 -50 μm. I n preferred and valuable compositions, the particles comprise a particle fraction with particles of a weight ave- rage mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm, in particular in the range of 0.01 -0.5 μm. The particle fraction which is densely packed is preferably present in an amount of 40-70% by volume, calculated oh the total composition . Normally, the particle fraction which is densely packed is present in an amount of 50-60% by volume, calculated on -the total composition . I n the present specification and claims, the term "dense packing" or "densely packed" is intended to indicate a packing substantially cor- responding to the one obtainable by gentle mechanical influence on a system of geometrically equally shaped large particles in which locking su rface farces do not have any significant effect. Dense packing dominated by the geometry of the particles (without in¬ fluence from surface forces) has been treated worldwide in the litera- ture dealing with particulate technology in various fields, for example in " Particulate Technology", Clyde Orr, Jr. 1966, The MacMillan Com¬ pany, New York, and " Principles of Particulate Mechanics", Brown and Richards, 1970, Pergamon Press . It is characteristic that packing of particle systems in which surface forces are insignificant is inde- pendent of the absolute -particle size _and depends only on the shape of the particles, the relative size distribution , and the mechanical way in which the particles are placed . This means that regular packing of equal spheres results in -the same volume fraction of solids content (for example, 0.52 for cubic packing and 0.74 for hexagonal packing) irrespective of the absolute size of the spheres . The density of the packing is strongly influenced by the relative particle size distribu¬ tion, i . e. the ratio between the various particle sizes . Thus, Brown and Richards (loc. cit. ) report classical experiments with binary pack¬ ings of spherical particles with various size ratios where the volume fraction of solids content increases from about 0.63 for packing of each of the individual particle size fractions to 0.70 for a mixture of large and small particles with a size ratio of 3.4: 1 and to 0.84 for a mixtu re of large and small particles in a size ratio of 16: 1 . The den¬ sity of the packing is also strongly influenced by the mechanical com- paction method . Simple pressure compaction will normally not lead to very dense packing of particle systems in which the particles retain their geometric identity (i . e. are not crushed or heavily deformed) . Normally, denser packing is obtained by shear deformation , repeated shear deformation , or balanced vibration , all with application of a small normal pressure to ensure that the repeated deformation finally results in a more dense structure. For this reason , it is not possible to state dense packing in terms of one unique quantity . The "dense packing" referred to in the present specification is to be understood as substantially such a dense packing which would be obtained in systems without locking su rfaces by influences of the above types such as shear deformation and balanced vibration . (Even such dense packing is not completely ideal ; ideality would necessitate individual placing of each particle. ) The presence of water and polymeric material inevitably leads to some sort of adhesion to the particle su rfaces resulting in an adhered layer. Thus, the particles in the densely packed systems are to be considered as the composite pa rticles formed from the inorganic pa r¬ ticles themselves and the adhered layer. Quite generally, it is preferred that the particles of the composition comprise two particle size fractions, one particle size fraction being densely packed, the other being present -in an amount of 10-70% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the first-mentioned particle size fraction . This means that in these preferred compositions, there will always be two fractions with gap grading between, one fraction being densely packed, and the particles of the other fraction being present in an amount of at least 10% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the fi rst- mentioned particle size fraction . I n more preferred embodiments of this aspect, the particles of the other pa rticle size are present in an amount of 20-50% by volume, especially 30-45% by volume, calculated on the same basis . It is believed that the presence of this additional particle size fraction in the composition contributes considerably to the obtainment of ideal rheological properties for the mixing and shaping processing and co-operates with polymers discussed below to achieve the desi red viscosity in a more easy manner than is possible without the presence of this second particle size fraction . Very preferred compositions of the invention comprises three particle size fractions with gap grading between the fractions, the particles of the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed, the particles of the medium particle size fraction being homogeneously distributed between the densely packed coarsest pa rticles, and the particles of the finest particle • size fraction being homogeneously distributed between the homogeneously distributed medium size partic- les, and especially preferred are such compositions in which the particle of the medium sized particle fraction are densely packed between the densely packed coarsest particles . It will be understood that the density of the composition will increase with increasing amount of fractions with gap grading between , cf. the above discussion of dense packing . Hence, very interesting composi¬ tions are also compositions comprising four or more particle size fractions with gap grading between the fractions , the particles of the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed, and the particles of the other particle size fractions being densely packed or homogeneously distributed in the remaining space of the composition . Certain preferred compositions comprise densely packed particles ha¬ ving a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0. 1 -100 μm and a particle size fraction which has a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm, preferably 0.01 -0.5 μm, this fraction being present in an amount of from 10-70% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles having a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0. 1 -100 μm . I n particularly interesting compositions, the particle size fraction which has a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm, preferably 0.01 -0.5 μm, is present in an amount of from 20-50% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles having a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0. 1 -100 μm, and in very interesting high density compositions, the particle size fraction which has a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm preferably 0.01 -0.5 μm, is present in an amount of from 30-45% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles ha¬ ving a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0.1 -100 μm.- It is a condition that at least one species of the particles is capable of forming bonds . Normally, these particles comprise particles which are capable of hardening by partial dissolution in the processing matrix , chemical reaction in the dissolved phase, and precipitation of a reaction product forming bonds between the pa rticles . Examples of particles which are capable of ha rdening by partial dis¬ solution in the processing matrix , chemical reaction in the dissolved phase, and precipitation of a reaction product forming bonds between the particles are selected from the group consisting of Portland cement such as Portland clin ker cement, calcium silicates , ordinary Portland cement, rapid-hardening Portland cement, super rapid-hardening Port¬ land cement, quick-setting Portland cement, white Portland cement, colou red Portland cement, waterproof Portland cement, hydrofobic Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, sulphate- resisting Port- land cement, low-alkali Portland cement, Portland clinker cement, Kϋhl cement, i ron ore cement and Ferra ri cement; or aluminous cement such as high alumina cement, calcium mono-aluminate cement, calcium di-aluminate cement and si-lico-aluminous cement; or magnesia cements such as magnesium oxychloride or Sorel cements and magnesium oxy- sulphate cement; calcium germanate cements such as calcium orthoger- manate and tricalcium germanate; strontium silicate cements such as tri- and di-strontium silicate; strontium aluminate cements such as tri- and mono-strontium aluminates and strontium di-aluminate; barium silicate cements such as tri- and di-barium silicate; barium aluminate cements such as tri- and mono-barium aluminate; blended cements such as granulated blast furnace slag cements , slag cements, Portland blast fu rnace cements, supersulphated cements , pozzolane cements and fly ash cements; and steelworks slag such as calcium mono-aluminate steelworks slag, calcium di-aluminate steelworks slag, and calcium silico-aluminate steelworks slag, and/or al kaline-earth oxide which has been calcined at very high temperature and selected from the sub¬ group consisting of magnesia, dolomite, calcium oxide and barytes and from mixtu res of two or more of the above-mentioned materials . Danish patent application No. 3328/85 describes a cementicious com- position comprising a hydraulic cement and a water-soluble or water- dispersable polymer wherein at least 65% of the hydraulic cement consists of hydraulic calcium silicate. Example 6 of the application describes the replacement of 10% of the cement with . silica fume. Thus , in an aspect of the invention , more than 10% by weight, cal- culated on the hydraulic cement, of silica fume is present as a fraction of the inorganic pa rticles when the inorganic particles comprise a hydraulic cement with a content of hydraulic calcium silicate of above 65% by weight. Particles of pozzolanic or limited cementing properties may also be incorporated in the composition to assist in bonding together th rough reaction products, the said particles being selected from silica, silica dust, e. g from the ferrosilicon industry, pyrogenic silica, rice husk ash , alumina such as bauxite, aluminous slag, pozzolane, fly ash, finely ground fly ash , diatomecious earth , kiselgu r, moler, pu ise, tuff, tufa; waste products from desulphurizing combustion gases from the lime method; blast fu rnace slag, these materials- being natural ma¬ terials or materials artificially produced by e. g . pyrogenic processes, condensation from vapour phase, precipitation , spray-drying, etc. , and/or selected from the group of materials with hydrothermal and/or limited pozzolanic properties, such as silica such as quartz sand, finely ground sand; calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate (anhydrite, plaster of Paris, gypsum) . The particles which are capable of hardening by partial dissolution in the processing matrix , chemical reaction in the dissolved phase and precipitation of a reaction product may be particles of the larger size fractions in the composite material , but they may also be particles belonging to the smaller size fractions such as the fine particles of a size in the range of 20A-1 μm, in which case suitable examples of such particles are selected from the group consisting of cement and ce- ment-like materials defined above. According to another aspect, the homogeneously distributed fine par¬ ticles with a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm comprise particles which generate less reactive reactions products than the above-mentioned cements and cement-like materials, such as particles selected from artificially produced pyrogenic, precipitated, vapour phase deposited or spray-dried fine particles comprising halides , such as fluoride, chlorides, bromates, and iodates; oxides; sulfides; sulphates; or sulphites; nitrides, nitrates, nitrites; or phosphates of di- , tri- or polyvalent cations of the groups 2a-4a and/or 3b-7b and/or 8 of the Periodic Table of Elements, such as di-valent beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; tri- valent boron , aluminium, iron , cobalt and nickel ; and tetravalent silicon , germanium, tin , titanium and zirconium, including pyrogenic, vapou r phase deposited or precipitated fine silica, such as silica aerosols and hydrosols, spray-dried calcium sulphates and/or calcium sulphites, optionally containing a fraction of coarser particles com¬ prising a glass phase, such as waste products from desulphurization of combustion gases by the lime method, silica and/or silicates , such as aluminium silicates, calcium silicates, calcium aluminium silicates precipitated aluminium silicates, jet-milled cement, calcium carbonates , condensed silica fume, treated waste products such as rice husk ash and/or fly ash and/or slags such as finely ground fly- ash, or natu¬ rally occu rring fine particles . I n accordance with an important aspect of the invention', the proces- sing matrix of the composition providing the desired rheological pro¬ perties comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersable polymer in water. The water-soluble or water-dispersable polymer may be selec¬ ted from latexes (colloidal aqueous emulsions of elastomers) , water- soluble resins, and resin derivatives . Definitions of these types of materials are found in : I . Latexes (colloidal aqueous emulsions of elastomers) as defined in 1 ) Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 7, pp . 676/716) . I I . Water-soluble resins as defined in reference 1 ) , 17, pages 391 -410 or as defined in 3) Yale L. Meltzer: "Water-Soluble Polymers . De e- lopments since 1978" , Chemical Technology Review No. 181 , Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA 1981 , pages 1 -596. I I I . Resin derivatives as defined in 2) P. Ullmann , 12, pages 530-536. Other valuable water-dispersible polymers are cement-dispersing agents of the type known as concrete superplasticizers . Thus, the polymer component of the matrix may be a polymer or a combination of polymers selected from guar gum; sodium alginate; gum arabic; gum tragacanth; locust bean gum; acrylamide polymer, meth- acrylamide polymer; copolymers of acrylamide and methacrylamide; polyacrylamide/vinyl copolymers; acrylic acid and methacrylic acid polymers and copolymers ; ethylene oxide polymers and polyethylene glycol ; methyl cellulose or alkyl celluloses; hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyprop- ylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkylcarboxyal kyl cellulose; polyethylene- imines , polyvinyl alcohol , and copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol , polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof, sodium carb- oxymethyi cellulose, carboxylic polymers and copolymers, ca rboxypo- lymethylene, maleic copolymers, polyvinyl ethyl ether, u rea-formalde¬ hyde polyoxyal kylene/polyurethane-copolymer, al kyds, butadienes, epoxide resins, fluoro polymers, formaldehyde polymers, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyurethane products, emulsion elastomers: styrene/- butadiene copolymers, with widely varying ratio between styrene and butadiene, acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile/butadiene/- styrene copolymers, silicone rubbers, suitable addition copolymers, including copolymers of methyl methacrylate with methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or similar unsaturated carb- oxylic acid; copolymers of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and similar esters of acrylic acid, together with acids of the above type; copolymers of vinyl ace¬ tate with esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid or si¬ milar unsaturated acids, subsequently modified to produce carboxylic groups; copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and similar unsaturated acids or salts of these acids; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, or similar unsatu rated acids , and which can also include, as monomers, esters of these acids; copolymers of anhydrides of unsaturated acids, such as maleic acid, with suitable unsaturated monomers , such as styrene, diisobutyiene, vinyl ethyl ether; partially hydrolyzed polymers and copolymers of acrylamide, methacrylamide, and acrylonitrile; graft copolymers of polyethylene oxide with copoly¬ mers of acrylic acid, methylacrylic acid, etc., and methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and cement-dispersing agents known as concrete superplasticizers, in particular medium molecular weight polymers such as metal salts, e.g. alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, of sulphonated naphthalene or melamine formaldehyde condensates or their parent acids or amide derivatives thereof or higher molecular weight polymers thereof. Especially interesting polymers for certain purposes are polymers based on acrylic acids or salts or another polymer having pending carboxylic acid groups or derivatives thereof linked to a backbone, or similar materials in which the carboxy group of the polymer has been modified into an amide group. In order to counteract inclusion of air and consequent reduction of the density of the composition, the processing matrix may contain a defoaming agent compatible with the polymer or polymers in question. Another, also preferred measure is to perform the shear mixing treatment at reduced pressure. The processing matrix may also contain a plasticizer compatible with the polymer or polymers in question. In order to secure the desired rheological properties of the composi¬ tion, the polymer of the processing matrix preferably has a molecular weight of at least 5000, preferably at least 10,000, and especially at least 15,000 g/mole. The shear strain velocity applied in the shear mixing process is larger than 1, preferably larger than 2, in particular larger than 10 and preferably at least 10 2 sec . In some cas sees, it is preferred that • 1 the shear strain velocity be larger than 10 3 sec The required high shear mixing conditions may be obtained by sub¬ jecting the composition to extrusion , rolling, treatment in a high shear mixer or continuous mixing . The high shear treatment perform¬ ed may result in an article of the desired shape and size, or a final shaping may be performed by extrusion, injection moulding, compres¬ sion, rolling , blowing or modelling . After the shaping, solidification may be performed at a temperature in the range of e. g . 0-80°C, in particular at a temperatu re in the range of 20-80°C, to obtain curing based on bonds between cement or cement-like particles present in the composition . It is also possible to perform such a solidification by heat cu ring in the temperatu re range of 80-120°C, or by autoclaving at a temperatu re in the range of 120-400°C . If desired, an additional strengthening of the solidified structure may be obtained by keeping the shaped article at elevated temperature, such as a temperature of about 80°C, for a period between a few hou rs and several days after the solidification , such as 3 days after the solidification . Because of the high density and homogeneity of the composition which is mixed and shaped under ideal conditions by the method of the in- vention , the resulting articles obtain matrices with excellent mechani¬ cal properties, including a high modulus of rupture. Thus, the modu¬ lus of rupture of the materials according to the invention may be at least 25 MPa, such as at least 40 MPa, or indeed at least 50 MPa or even at least 60 MPa, when measured on extruded bars with a dia- meter of 7 mm . It is an important feature of the matrix of the invention that it does not show any undesired porosity, as such porosity would tend to dramatically decrease the modulus of rupture of the matrix . The occurence of porosities in the resulting matrix is counteracted by, e. g . , performing the shear mixing and/or the final shaping under reduced pressure, and/or by including a defoaming agent in the composition , and, most inportantly, by secu ring that the material has the correct viscous behaviour during the shear mixing . Thus , it is desirable that the amount of pores above 100 μm in the matrix of the final article produced is below 2% of the total volume of the matrix and in particular below 0.5% of the total volume of the matrix . Preferably, the amount of pores above 15 μm in the matrix should be below 2% of the total volume of the matrix and in particular below 0.5% of the total volume of the matrix; more preferably, the volume of pores of more than 10 μm in the matrix of the article pro¬ duced should be at the most 2% by volume, preferably at the most 0.5% by volume; still more preferably, the volume of pores of more than 5 μm in the matrix of the article produced should be at the most 2% of the matrix , preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix ; in par¬ ticular, the volume of pores of more than 1 μm in the matrix of the article produced should be at the most 2% of the matrix , preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix; especially, the volume of pores of more than 0.5 μm in the matrix of the article produced should be at the most 2% of the matrix, preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix; and most preferably the volume of pores of more than 0. 1 μm in the matrix of the article produced should be at the most 2% of the matrix , preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . The total amount of pores in the final matrix should be below 20%, preferably below 10%, and more preferably below 5%, of the total volume of the matrix . In addition to the particle systems defined above, the composition may contain additional bodies which are fibers and/or bodies which have at least one dimension larger than 1000 μm. Fibers which are suitable for incorporation in the compositions of the invention are natural fibers, including cellulose fibers, sisal fibers, hemp fibers, cotton , wool, jute, fibers prepared from natu ral fibers such as acetate fibers, triacetate fibers, viscose rayon fibers or filaments, spun rayon fibers or filaments, sil k filaments , synthetic fibers , including plastic fibers such as polyamide 6 fibers, polypro¬ pylene filaments, fibrillated polypropylene, nylon fibers or filaments, dacron fibers or filaments, orlon fibers or filaments, polyester fibers or filaments , acryl fibers or filaments, polyethylene fibers or fila- ments, Kevlar fibers or filaments , glass fibers such as A-glass fibers or filaments, E-glass fibers or filaments, S-glass fibers or filaments, 2285 fibers or filaments, 970 S fibers or filaments, quartz fibers or filaments, mineral wool fibers, metal fibers such as steel 1 , steel 2, stainless steel, aluminum fibers, titanium fibers, berylium fibers, manganese fibers or copper, polycrystalline fibers such as carbon 1 fibers , carbon 2 fibers, carbon 3 fibers, graphite 1 fibers , graph ite 2 fibers , graphite 3 fibers, multiphase fiber such as boron on wolfram fibers or filaments, boron on carbon fibers, boron on silicon fibers or silicon carbide on wolfram fibers or filaments, alumina fibers (safil) , silicon carbide fibers, mullite fibers, SiC/B/tungsten filaments, gra¬ phite filaments, carbon filaments, refractory steel filaments , sapphire (aluminium oxide) fibers, asbestos fibers, amosite fibers, crysotite fibers, krokydoli.te fibers, boron nitride fibers, boron fibers, boron carbide fibers, Sil . -Temp . fibers, Refrasil fibers, Fiberfrax fibers, Caowool fibers, zirconium dioxide fibers, Tipersul fibers, Kionite J-M fibers , Fran klin fibers, aluminium oxid_a whiskers, silicon carbide whiskers, beryllium oxide whiskers, boron carbide whiskers, silicon nitride whis kers, magnesium oxide whiskers, titanium dioxide whis- kers, quartz whiskers, aluminium nitride whiskers, graphite whiskers and polycrystalline steel whiskers are incorporated in the matrix . Depending on the size and properties of the fibers, these may be incorporated in the composition subjected to the high shear mixing, or they may be incorporated in connection with the final shaping, e. g . as filaments or webs which are incorporated e. g . in connection with a rolling or extrusion treatment. The fibers incorporated in the shaped article according to the inven¬ tion may be present in an amount of 0. 1 -50% by volume, preferably 0. 1 -25% by volume, more preferably 1 -15% by volume, such as about 5-10% by volume of the total composition . The additional bodies may also be substantially ' compact-shaped bodies such as bodies selected from the basalt group, such as andesite, basalt, basalt porphyrites, diabase, dolerite, epidiorite, hornblende- schist, lamprophyre, quartz dolerite, spilite, teschenite and theralite; the flint group, such as chert and flint; the gabbro group such as basic diorite, basic gneiss, gabbro, hornblende rock, norite, periodo- tite, picrite and serpentine; the porphyry group, such as aplite, dacite, felsite, granophyre, keratophyre, microgranite, porphyry, quartz-porphyrite, rhyolite and trachyte; the granite group, such as gneiss , granite, granodiorite, granulite, pegmatite, quartz diorite and syenite; the limestone group, such as dolomite, limestone and marble; the quartzite group, such as ganister, quartzitic sandstone and re- crystallized quartzite; the schist group such as phyllite, schist and slate; sand and/or gravel ; from glass; from artificial lightweight ag¬ gregates such as expanded clay, shale .or slate; perlite; vermiculite; expanded blast-fu rnace slag ; clin ker aggregate and breeze; sintered pulverized fuel ash such as Lytag; expanded glass such as Expanver; from natural heavy-weight aggregates such as baryte, magnetite, limonite, hematite, goethite and ilmenite; from artificial heavy-weight aggregates such as steel , ferrophosphorous , lead or other metallic ma¬ terials; and/or from the group consisting of fireclay grog having a content of alumina between 20 and 45%, silicious grog with more than 75% SiO~, mullite grog, silimanite grog, andajusite grog, spinel grog, ch romium oxide grog, zirconium oxide grog and calcined bauxite, high alumina materials such as electrocast, sintered, calcined or fused alu¬ mina, tabular alumina, aluminous shale, zi rconium oxide, zircon , ch romium oxide and silicon carbide, magnesia clinker, forsterite, ch rome mineral, carbonaceous materials such as dolomite, silica sand, silica stone and agalmatolite. On the background of the above explanation, it will be understood that a number of high quality articles may be made by the process of the invention . Examples of these are tubes, profiles, a plane or a cu rved (e. g . corrugated) sheet, an insulator, a component in a machine or a tool for machines, a household utensil , an industrial utensil , components used for acoustic damping or damping of vibra¬ tions , components for electromagnetic shielding, composite armour for military vehicles and buildings, or electrical fittings . As specific examples of valuable articles prepared by the method of the invention may be mentioned pipe linings, masts , drain pipes or gutter pipes, sewage pipes, low-pressu re pipes, transport pipes, roofing sheets , sills, copings, door or window frames, kitchen equip¬ ment, skirting boards or floor panels, press tools, grinding members, •cladding sheets , fi reproof doors , insulation members, table tops, wear plates or sheets, wearing bars, floor and wall clin kers or tiles, lining members , protective casing, transport channels, roof elements, ma¬ chine frames, pump components, screw ends and wearing parts for same, conveyor screws, wearing parts for cement mills, vacuum tools , press tools, pressure die-casting tools, blowing tools for plastics, gear boxes, bearing housings or casings, transport rollers, conveyor frames, components for agricultural tools, springs, kitchen sinks and emptying sinks , sanitary appliances, winding stai rs , sun cell arrays , household utensiles (to replace cured plastic) , garden fu rnitu re, art production, decorative sheets, loudspeaker enclosu res, turntables, tape decks and cabinets, cryogenic gas and liquid containers and pipes, Xray resistant panels, waste and radioactive waste containers, filter beds, and filtration devices . DESCRI PTION OF THE DRAWI NG Fig . 1 is a logarithmic plot of the shear stress of compositions of the invention versus shear strain velocity for the compositions of Exam¬ ples 1 , 2 and 3, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Method for determining process data, in particular consistency and power Background The processing properties of a material may be described, i . a . , by means of the rheological properties of the material under certain con¬ ditions . I n its fresh condition (du ring processing) , the material of the invention is of such a character that its condition may suitably be described in a manner known from e. g . polymer industry. The ma- terials are of a complex natu re, which necessitates a complex model for the description of its rheological behaviour. The simplest of these models is the Power Law Model which was devised by Ostwald and de Waele on an emperical basis (" Principles of Polymer Processing" by Zehev Tadmor and Costas G . Gogos, 1979) . According to this model , the shear stress (τ) may be described by two constants and the actual shear strain velocity %' : • t = m Z , wherein m is the consistency of the material and n is the power law index (also called the flow index) . The consistency and the power may be determined experimentally by establishing a constant isothermic and laminar material flow th rough a well-defined tube and recording the pressure necessary for main¬ taining the material flow (cf . "Principles of Polymer Processing" by Zehev Tadmor and Costas G . Gogos, 1979, pages 170-172, or various textbooks on hydraulics, such as "Laerebog i hydrauli k" by F . A . Engelund, Den Private I ngeniørfond, Copenhagen 1969, pages 80-82) . Test arrangement An experimental design for such a flow may be established by ex¬ truding from a piston extruder into open space through a round tube. I n the following examples, a piston extruder having a maximum piston movement of 300 mm and an internal diameter of 70 mm is used . Measures for applying vacuum to the material in the piston extruder are provided . The extruder die is exchangeable. I n the examples, the die is a tube of a length of 100 mm and an internal, diameter of 7 mm. The free end of the tube is cut sharp, wheras- the transition from the extruder cy¬ linder to the tube defines an angle of 45° with the axes of the tube (and the cylinder) . The piston extruder is mounted in an I nstron press of a maximum load of 500 kN . However, the extruder assembly only allows a maxi¬ mum load of about 250 kN . The piston is driven by the moving cross head of the I nstron press . The cross head velocity (v) may be regulated stepwise .from 100 mm/min . to 0.01 mm/min . The connection between the extruder piston and the cross head is through a pressu re transducer, by means of which the actual resistance against extrusion (F) may be determined . Testing procedure The material is placed in the extruder cylinder-which is mounted on a support. This support is placed centrally below the piston , mounted on the cross head . The piston is quickly moved downwards until an initial resistance is recorded . The piston velocity is then reduced to 100 mm/min . or 50 mm/min . or even lower. The development of force on the cross head as a function of time is now recorded on an x, y- recorder. After some time, the material starts flowing out of the ex¬ truder tube. Material which is pressed out is cut off in rods having a length of about . 22 cm (the free length in the support), which are collected on polyethylenetherephthalate ( PETP) panels . When the com¬ pression force has become reasonably stable, the velocity is changed to 50 mm/min . , thereafter to 20 mm/min . , thereafter to 10 mm/min . and so on until a cross head velocity of 0.01 mm/ min . has been reached, whereafter the velocity is again changed through the same steps until a cross head velocity of 100 mm/min . has been reached, or until it is no longer possible to extrude any material (mostly due to lack of material) . I n this manner, connected values of cross head velocity (v) and extrusion resistance ( F) are obtained . Processing of test results The following calculations can then be performed : - shear stress at capillary tube: Fxd τ = x 1000 - shear strain velocity at the capillary tube: v D^ 1 y - 8 x x d 3 60 in which d is the diameter of the capillary tube (7 mm) , D is the diameter of the cylinder tube (70 mm) , and L is the length of the capillary tube (100 mm) . When the dimensions are in mm, F is in kN and v is mm/min : τ is in MPa, For materials which follow the "power model" , a plot of log (τ) against log (*') will define .a straight line with a slope equal to the power n and an intersection equal to log (m) where m is the consistency of the material . It is noted that the increase of the shear stress as a function of the shear velocity, which follows the expression : dτ/dϊ' = m. n . y' , (for positive consistency) will only be positive for n>0, that is, for positive power. Method for determining mechanical properties , in particular modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity Strength testing on bars is performed as a 3 point loading in the I n¬ stron press . A bar is placed with a span of 45 mm, and the load is applied in the centerline. The cross head velocity is 1 mm/min . Du¬ ring testing, the resistance exerted by the bar against movement of the cross head is recorded on a x,y-recorder as a function of the cross head movement. Thereby, a force/deflection cu rve is obtained . Based on the force/deflecti.on curve, force development is converted to stress development according to the equation . o = 8 _ - L, . p - 1000, where σ indicates the maximum edge stress in the centre of the span (loading point) , L is the span (45 mm) , d is the diameter of the bar tested (e. g . 7 mm) , and P is the force. With P in kN and lengths (L and d) in mm, σ is calculated in MPa when the stated correction factor of 1000 is used. From the force/deflection cu rve, the modulus of rupture (= bending tensile strength) is calculated from the maximum load . The modulus of elasticity of the material is determined according to the equation p _ 4 . L 3 . P - ■ ~ 3τr d* u' where E indicates the modulus of elasticity, L is the span (45 mm), d is the diameter of the bar tested (e.g. 7 mm), P is- the load at the proportional limit (load at which the force/deflection curve begins to deviate from a straight line), and u is the maximum deflection corre¬ sponding to the load at the proportional limit. With P in kN and lengths (L, d and u) in mm, E is calculated in GPa. Materials used in the following examples Aluminate cement CA-14 from Alcoa. Major mineralogical components: CA (= CaO.AI 2 0 3 ) and CA 2 (= CaO.2AI 2 0 3 ) Specific surface (Blaine method): about 510 2 m /kg. Median particle size after weight: about 25 μm. 3 Specific gravity: about 3.0 g/cm . Low alkali sulphate From Aalborg Portland. resistant Portland Major mineralogical components: cement: C 3 S (= 3CaO.Si0 2 ): about 57.6% by weight C 2 S (= 2CaO.Si0 2 ): about 26.4% by weight CjA (= 3CaO.A 0 3 ): about 1.2% by weight C 4 AF (= 2CaO.A O 3 .2CaO.Fe 2 O 3 ): about 8.2% by weight CaSO, (= gypsum): about 2.8% by weight Specific surface (Blaine method): about 280 2 m /kg. Median particle size after weight: about 18 μm. 3 Specific gravity: about 3.15 g/cm Bauxite Finely ground calcined bauxite, Grade H, from Dania, Aalborg Portland Major mineralogical components: Korundum: about 57.4% by weight Mullite: about 30.5% by weight Tiellite: about 7.0% by weight Glass phase: about 5.0% by weight Specific surface (Blaine method): about 268 2 m /kg. Median particle size after weight: about 15 μm. 3 Specific gravity: about 3.66 g/cm Secar 71 Aluminate cement from Lafarge Aluminous Ce¬ ment Company Ltd. Major mineralogical components: CA(=CaO.AI 2 O 3 ) and CA 2 CaO.2AI 2 O 3 ) . Specific surface (Blaine method): about 360 m 2 /kg Specific gravity: about 3.0 g/crn ^ Silica dust Fine silica-rich dust collected in droplet form from the exhaust gases from the ferro-silicon production in Norway (El.kem). - Major mineralogical components: Almost pure amorphous silica Specific surface (BET method): about 25000 2 m /kg. Median particle size after weight: about 0.1 μm. 3 Specific gravity: about 2.22 g/cm Bright Silica Fine silica-rich dust collected in droplet form from the exhaust gases from the ferro-silicon production in Sweden (Vagnδ). Major mineralogical components: SiO 2 88.00% A! 2 O 3 1.00% Fe 2 O 3 about 3% CaO 0.5-1% MgO about 2% κ 2 o 1.5-2% Na 2 0 0.5-1% SO, about 0.5% Ignition loss : 2.0% Specific su rface ( BET method) : about 17,000 m /kg . Specific gravity: about 2.40 g/cm' Wollastonite: Wollastonite fibers, type NYAD G , from I nter- pace Corporation Natu ral fibers with Chemical formula CaSiO~ Molecular weight 1 16 Crystalline shape acicular Specific gravity about 2.9 Aspect ratio (length dia¬ meter ratio) 15: 1 Finer than 200 Mesh (74 μm) 81% Carbon fibers : Low modulus carbon fibers from Sigri , Germany Type: Sigrafil P-C 106 T Modulus of elasticity: about 38 GPa Modulus of rupture: about 800 MPa Specific gravity: about 1 .63 g/cm" Filament diameter: about 14.5 μm Filament length : about 6.0 mm Glyoxal : 30% Glyoxal in water (reagent grade) from MERCK Molecular formula : C 2 H 2 O 2 Molecular weight: 58 Specific gravity: about 1 .2 g/cm" Citric acid-1 -hydrate: Reagent grade from MERCK Molecular formula : C 6 H 8 O 7 . H 2 O Molecular weight: 210 Silicone Antischaum- From Wacker-Chemie Danmark A/S emulsion SRE: 33% water-based emulsion, specific gravity: 1.0 g/cm , emulgator: non-ionic Polyviol® W30/240: Polyvinylalcohol from Wacker-Chemie Danmark A/S Degree of hydrolysis: 74.5-79.0 Degree of polymerization: 3400 Viscosity (Hδppler), 4% in water, 20°C: 33 ± 3 mPa's Saponification number: 240 Specific gravity: about 1.25 g/cm Celacol® HPM Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose from Courtaulds 15000 DS: Colloids, ' England Surface treated: easy to disperse Viscosity, 2% in water, 20°C: 13000-17000 cP Degree of substitution: methyl: about 1.5 hydroxypropyl: about 0.3 3 Specific gravity: about 1.40 g/cm - Cellulose Ether Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose from Dow Chemi- XZ 86.205 cals, Germany ' Surface treated: easy to disperse Viscosity, 2% in water, 20°C: 19000-25000 cP Degree of substitution: experimental cellu¬ lose ether 3 Specific gravity: about 1.40 g/cm Melment®: Melment® F10 from Sϋddeutsche Kalkstickstoff- Werke, Trostberg, Germany A synthetic and water-soluble sodium salt of po- lycondensed formaldehyde melaminsulphonate in powder form 3 Specific gravity: about 1.90 g/cm SN FSs : Sodium salts of polycondensed suiphonated naphthalene formaldehyde from Kao Corporation , Japan The molecular weights of the SNFS types used are not known , but thei r viscosities as measu red by the supplier were as follows at a solids con¬ tent of 42% in water: SNFS type Viscosity at 20°C (cP_ Mighty® 150 Not specified, but about 70 81 . M .005 175 81 . M .006 405 81 . M .007 874 Specific gravity (42% in water) : about 1 .25 g/cm Water: Common tap water Polymer solution I About 20% by volume of polymer in water: 154.35 g of Poly viol® W30/240 3.00 g of Silicone Antischaumemulsion SRE 600.00 g of water Solubilization as specified by the polymer sup¬ plier Polymer solution I I 8% by weight of polymer in water: 80 g of Celacol® HPM 15000 DS 920 g of water Solubilization as specified by the polymer sup¬ plier EXAMPLE 1 2/3 liter of a dough-like material consisting of 71% by volume of particles and 29% by volume of polymer solution was prepared in a Werner- Pfleiderer kneader, type LU K 2, 5 K 2 TV (effective contents 2.5 I, total contents 3.75 I , yield 0.75 kW, shovel rotation velocity 43/25 min ) from Werner & Pfleiderer Maschinenfabrik, Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany, from the following components : Component g per 2/3 liter Alumi nous cement 350.3 Bauxite 889.9 Silica dust 262.7 Polymer solution I 200.4 The shea r strain velocity in the mixing region of the kneader is above about 180 sec . The volume of silica dust was 1/3 of the volume of bauxite plus alu¬ minous cement in order to allow a dense packing of the coarser ce¬ ment and bauxite particles and a homogeneous distribution of the finer particles . In order to obtain a mass which was not too abrasive, the volume ratio of bauxite/aluminous cement was 2 : 1 . The polymer solution was poured into the kneader whereafter the powder materials were added, vacuum was applied, and the mixing started . The sub-pressure du ring mixing was about 0.95 atm. The material changed from a powder to a dough-like material after about 5 minutes , and mixing was continued for about 25 minutes . The material was immediately transferred to a piston extruder mounted on the I nstron press . Within 2 minutes after mixing had been com¬ pleted, the material was placed in the extruder. The extrusion was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS, with vacuum applied in the extruder during the extrusion . The extrusion force at various cross head velocities was measured (Table 1 ) . Based on these data, the shear stress and shear strain velocity were calculated as described in MATERI ALS AND METHODS (Table 1 ) . Table 1 Extrusion test/lnstron Press F V τ • z' kN mm/ -1 minute MPa sec 72 50 0.327 95.2 65 20 0.296 38.1 62.5 10 0.284 19.0 56 5 0.255 9.52 58.5 2 0.266 3.81 73.5 1 0.334 1.90 N.D.* 0.5 - 0.952 78.7 1 0.358 1.90 72.5 2 0.330 3.81 75 5 0.341 9.52 88 10 0.400 19.0 90.5 20 0.412 38.1 113 50 0.514 95.2 * = Not Determined Regression analysis: logτ = logm + α x log*-' Results (for Z' > 3 sec ) Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m) : 0.23 MPa x sec 0.26 MPa sec Power (n): 0.071 0.14 Coefficient of correlation (r): 0.91 0.96 The results given in Table 1 are shown in Fig. 1 with log Z' as the abscissa and log τ as the ordinate. For materials obeying the power law model, the results will be placed on a straight line. It will be seen that from a shear strain velocity of about 5 sec. , the material has a higher resistance to viscous deformation than to frictional or cohesive deformation (positive deflection) (n>0 when τ increases with increasing Z') . From Table 1 it may be seen that the power n (the deflection in the double logarithmic graph) is smaller than 0 for shear strain velocities below about 5 sec. , which also manifested itself in an uneven extrusion at cross head velocities of below 2 mm/minute. The consistency and power calculated by regression analysis on the results obtained at shear strain velocities of more than 5 sec. are also stated in Table 1 .. It is noted that the power is extremely depen¬ dent on whether the extrusion rate was increased or decreased, whereas the variations of the consistency are smaller-. Consistency and power are largest in case of increasing cross head velocity, the material being older at the time of increasing cross head velocity than at the time of decreasing cross head velocity. On the present basis it cannot, however, be said whether the ageing is the cause of this difference or whether the difference is due to flow condition , perhaps caused by a certain inertia of the pressure * neutralization in the extruder cylinder. During extrusion, bars having a length of about 200 mm and a diame¬ ter of about 7 mm were collected and placed on a PETP-plate. After extrusion, the bars were covered with plastic bags placed loosely on the bars . After 24 hou rs in laboratory atmosphere (about 20°C, about 65% RH) , all the bars became stiff and were placed in> a plastic bag . 2 bars (samples Nos . 1 and 2) were taken after 11 days of storage in plastic bag and were placed in an oven at 80°C with open - ci rculation to laboratory climate. After 3 days in the oven , the two bars were taken out and tested for strength . The strength testing was perform¬ ed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . The results appear from Table 2. Table 2 Bending tests of samples from mix no. 1 Specimen treatment: 11 days in laboratory atmosphere (in plastic bag) and 3 days in an oven at 80°C (not in bag) . Strain at Modulus of Modulus of ruptu re rupture elasticity o/oo MPa G Pa Sample no. 1 (6 measurements) Standard deviation 0. 1 5. 1 1 .6 Average 2. 1 57.7 27.6 Coefficient of variation % 6.3 8.9 5.7 Sample no. 2 (6 measurements) Standard deviation 0.3 9.7 1 .2 Average 2.1 60.3 28.3 Coefficient of variation % 13.8 16. 1 4. 1 Samples nos . 1 + 2 . Standard deviation 0.2 7.5 1 .4 Average 2.1 59.0 27.9 Coefficient of variation % 10.2 12.7 4.9 It appears from the results that the modulus of rupture is extremely high compared to materials of similar composition with respect to inor¬ ganic constituents, but prepared in traditional manner without the use of any processing aid polymersy where modulus of rupture is typically 35 MPa or lower. This indicates that the parameters which are critical according to the present invention , i . e . the homogeneous arrangement of the particles, with the large particle fraction being densely packed-, in a processing matrix securing such rheological properties that the composition has higher resistance to viscous deformation than to frictional or cohesive deformation result in a much more ideal mutual arrangement of the particles, which, on its side, results in a much higher strength of the material . EXAMPLE 2 I n Example 1 , the mixing very quickly resulted in a dough-like mate¬ rial . This indicates that a higher particle-loading could have been used . This possibility is investigated in this example. 2/3 I of a dough-like material consisting of 72.5% by volume of partic¬ les and 27.5% by volume of polymer solution was prepared in a Wer- ner- Pfleiderer kneader, type LUK 2,5 K 2 TV from Werner & Pflei- derer Maschinenfabrik, Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany, from the following components : Component g per 2/3 liter Aluminous cement 357.7 Bauxite . 908.7 " Silica dust 268.2 Polymer solution I 190. 1 The shear strain velocity in the mixing region of the kneader is above about 180 sec The volume of silica dus was 1/3 of the volume of bauxite plus alu- minous cement as in Example 1 . The volume ratio of bauxite/aluminous cement was 2: 1 as in Example 1 . The polymer solution was pou red into the kneader whereafter the powder materials were added, vacuum was applied and the mixing started . The -sub- pressure during mixing was about 0.95 atm. The material changed from a powder to a dough-li ke material after about 30 minutes, and mixing was continued for about 15 minutes . The material was immediately transferred to a piston extruder mounted on the I nstron press . Within 2 minutes after mixing, the material was placed in the extruder, and the piston was moved downwards . Subse- quently vacuum was applied in the extruder cylinder. On initial resis¬ tance, the cross head velocity was reduced -to 50 mm/minute. The extrusion was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. The extrusion force at cross head velocities applied was measured (Table 3). Based on these data, Table 3 shows the calculated shear stress and shear strain velocity. Table 3 Extrusion test/I nstron Press F V τ Z' kN mm/ -1 minute MPa sec 162.5 50 0.739 95.2 158.5 20 0.721 38.1 134.5 10 0.612 19.0 128 5 0.582 9.52 143 ■ 2 0.650 3.81 N.D.* 1 - 1.90 154 2 0.700 3.81 146 5 0.664 9.52 160.5 10 0.730 19.0 186 20 0.846 38.1 204 50 0.928 95.2 * N.D. = Not Determined Regression analysis: logτ = logm + n x logy' Results (for Z' > 10 sec ) Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m): 0.44 MPa x sec n 0.48 MPa see 11 Power (n): 0.123 0.146 Coefficient of correlation (r): 0.90 0.98 From Table 3, it is seen that the power n is negative for shear strain velocities below about 10 sec. , which also manifested itself in a jer¬ ky extrusion at traverse velocities below 5 mm/minute. Table 3 also shows consistency and power calculated by regression analysis on the results obtained by shear strain velocities of more than 10 sec. . It is noted that the power is extremely dependent on whether the shear strain rate increased or decreased, whereas the variations in the con¬ sistency are smaller. Consistency and power are largest in case of increasing cross head velocity, vide Example 1 . The results given in Table 3 are shown in Fig . 1 with log Z' as the abscissa and with log τ as the ordinate. It will be noted that at shear strain velocities above about 10 sec. , the material has a higher re¬ sistance to viscous deformation than to frictional or cohesive deforma¬ tion (positive deflection) . On comparison with the results in Example 1 , it appears that the power is almost unchanged, but that the consistency has nearly doubled when the particle volume concentration was increased from the 71% by volume in Example 1 to the 72.5% by volume in the present example. During extrusion bars having a length of about 200 mm and a dia¬ meter of 7 mm have been collected and placed on a PETP-pIate. After extrusion , it was observed that bars extruded at high cross head velocities were rather rough on the su rface and some were cracked longitudinally. However, bars extruded ..at low cross head velocities had a smooth surface. The distinction between the two appearances seemed to lie between cross head velocities of 5 and 2 mm/minute. After extrusion the bars were covered with plastic bags placed loosely on the bars . After 24 hou rs in laboratory climate (about 20°C; about 65% RH) , the bars became stiff. Bars having a smooth surface were placed in one plastic bag, and bars having a rough su rface were placed in another plastic bag . After 30 months, 2 bars were taken out from each of the two plastic bags and tested for strength as described in MATERIALS AND ME¬ THODS . The results appear from Table 4. Two bars were placed in an oven with open ci rculation to laboratory climate at 80°C for 5 days . After cooling, the bars were removed from the oven and placed in la¬ boratory climate until testing for strength . Testing for strength was performed as described in MATERI ALS AND METHODS . The results appear from Table 4a . It appears that the strengths are lower than was the case with the bars described in Example 1 ; both structu re and strengths indicate that the particle concentration had become higher than optimum . Table 4 Bending tests of samples from mix No. 2 Sample treatment: 30 months in laboratory atmosphere (in plastic bag) . Small shear strain velocities Modulus of rupture, MPa Sample no. 1 (5 measu rements) Standard deviation 3.3 Average 31 .7 Coefficient of variation % 10.4 Sample no. 2 (4 measu rements) Standard deviation 3.0 Average 30.7 Coefficient of variation % 9.8 Samples nos . 1 + 2 Standard deviation 3.0 Average 31 .3 Coefficient of variation % 9.7 High shear strain velocities Sample no. 3 (4 measurements) Standard deviation ' 0.7 Average 32.4 Coefficient of variation % 2.2 Sample no. 4 (6 measurements) Standard deviation 2.5 Average 30. 1 Coefficient of variation % 8.4 Samples nos . 3 + 4 Standard deviation 2.3 Average 31 .0 Coefficient of variation % 7.3 Table 4a Bending tests of samples from mix No. 2 Sample treatment: 30 months in laboratory atmosphere (in plastic bag) , 5 days in an oven at 80°C (not in bag) . Small shear strain velocity Modulus of rupture, MPa Sample no. 1 (5 measurements) Standard deviation 2.3 Average 45. 1 Coefficient of variation % 5. 1 Sample no. 2 (4 measurements) Standard deviation 1 . 1 Average 49.0 Coefficient of variation % 2.2 Samples nos . 1 + 2 Standard deviation 2.7 Average 47. 1 Coefficient of variation % 5.7 High shear strain velocities Sample no. 3 (4 measu rements) Standard deviation 2.0 Average 44.7 Coefficient of variation % 4.4 Sample no. 4 (5 measu rements) Standard deviation 0.8 Average 48.8 Coefficient of variation % 1 .5 Samples nos . 3 + 4 Standard deviation 2.6 Average 46.7 Coefficient of variation % 5.5 The results from Example 1 and Example 2 indicate that strength is adversely affected by the visible cracks in bars extruded at high shear strain velocities . Thus, it may be concluded that even in bars extruded at low shear strain velocities , severe structural defects have evolved . The results also indicate that heating at 80°C is beneficial as to strength , even after a prolonged precuring at 20°C . EXAMPLE 3 2/3 liter of a dough-like material consisting of 71 .6% by volume of particles and 28.4% by volume of polymer solution was prepared on a twin-roll mill (Labor-Walzwerk 150 x 350 RR from Berstorff, machine No. W1 .7633/82) , from the following components : Component g per 2/3 liter Aluminous cement 1 19.1 Bauxite 1210.2 Silica dust 268.0 Polymer solution I (20%) 97.6 Water 96.7 The volume of silica dust was 1/3 of the volume of bauxite plus alu¬ minous cement as in Example 1 . The volume ratio bauxite/aluminous cement was δ: 1 . The polymer solution and water were pre-mixed in a plastic bucket until a uniform consistency was obtained and was then placed on the twin- roll mill . The powder materials were dosed evenly during a period of about 2 minutes and the material was mixed, the front roll at 9 rpm and the back roll at 6 rpm. The shear strain velocity at the roll surface was about 20 sec. . The behaviou r of the material was normal , i . e. the material adhered to the front roll . The mixing was continued by scraping off and folding the material 6 times . The speed of the front roll was increased from 9 to 15 rpm. The milling was continued for about 20 minutes without fu rther dis¬ tu rbance. The material was immediately transferred to a piston extruder mounted on the I nstron press . The extrusion was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS with vacuum applied in the extruder du ring the extrusion . The extrusion force at various cross head velo¬ cities was measured (Table 5) . Based on these data, the shear stress and shear strain velocity were calculated as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS (Table 5) . Table 5 Extrusion test/l nstron Press F V τ y kN mm/ -1 minute MPa sec 46.3 50 0.211 95.2 30.0 20 0. 136 38. 1 21 .6 10 0.0982 19.0 15.6 5 0.0709 9.52 11 . 1 2 0.0505 3.81 9.2 1 0.0418 1 .91 8.1 0.5 0.0368 0.952 7.2 0.2 0.0327 0.381 6.7 0. 1 0.0305 0. 190 6.5 0.05 0.0296 0.0952 6.2 0.02 0.0282 0.0381 6.0 0.01 0.0273 0.0190 6.4 0.02 0.0291 0.0381 6.9 0.05 0.0314 0.0952 7.3 0. 1 0.0332 0. 190 8.1 0.2 0.0368 0.381 9.0 0.5 0.0409 0.952 10.0 1 0.0455 1 .90 It may be seen from Table 5 that the power n is greater than 0 in the whole interval of shear strain velocities . During extrusion it was observed that a slightly rough su rface was obtained at a cross head velocity of 50 mm/min, whereas the surfaces seemed rather smooth at lower cross head velocities . The last material in the extruder was extruded at an uncontrolled very high cross head velocity. The sur¬ face was in this case covered with small grains of about 1 /2-1 mm diameter. This finding is believed to be caused by a turbulent flow at the su rface at cross head velocities at or above about 50 mm/min . The results given in Table 5 are shown in Fig . 1 with logy' as the abscissa and with logτ as the ordinate. It will be noted that the material has a higher resistance to viscous deformation than to fric¬ tional or cohesive deformation at all shear strain velocities (positive deflection - n>0) . Du ring extrusion , bars having a length of about 200 mm and a dia¬ meter of about 7 mm were collected and placed on a PETP-plate. After extrusion , the bars were covered with plastic bags placed loosely on the bars. After 24 hours in laboratory atmosphere (about 20°C, about 65% RH) , all the bars became stiff and were placed in plastic bags . Bars extruded at a cross head velocity of 10 mm/min were placed in one plastic bag and bars extruded at a cross head velocity of 20 mm/min were placed in another plastic bag . After 19 months, two bars extruded at a cross head velocity of 10 mm/min and two bars extruded at 20 mm/min ' were tested for strength as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . The results appear from Table 6. Two bars extruded at a cross head velocity of 20 mm/min were placed in an oven at 80°C for 5 days, after which they were tested for strength as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . The results appear from Table 6a . Table 6 Bending test of samples from mix no. 3 Sample treatment: 19 months in laboratory atmosphere. Samples produced at cross-head velocity in mm/minute 10 - 20 MOR MOR MPa MPa Standard deviation 1.8 0.6 Average 29.4 23.4 Coefficient of variation % 6.0 2.6 MOR = Modulus of rupture Table 6a Bending tests of samples from mix No. 3 extruded at a cross-head velocity of 20 mm/min Sample treatment: 19 months in laboratory atmosphere (in plastic bag), 5 days in an oven at 80°C (not in bag). Modulus of rupture, MPa Sample no. 1 (5 measurements) Standard deviation 0.7 Average 28.4 Coefficient of variation % 2.5 Sample no. 2 (5 measurements) Standard deviation 0.5 Average 30.7 Coefficient of variation % 1.5 Samples nos. 1 + 2 Standard deviation 1.3 Average 29.6 Coefficient of variation % 4.5 The results indicate, cf . Example 2, that heating is beneficial to strength . EXAMPLE 4 2/3 liter of a dough-like material was prepared in the Werner-Pfeide- rer kneader, type LUK 2.5 K 2 TV, from the following components : Component g per 2/3 liter Low al kali sulphate resistant Portland cement 932.0 Silica dust • 217.0 Polymer solution I I 272.2 Silicone Antischaumemulsion SRE 0.44 The shear strain velocity in the mixing region of the kneader is above about 180 sec The polymer solution and the defoaming agent were mixed in the kneader for 5 minutes at a subatmospheric pressu re of 0.95 atm. The kneader was cooled with tap water (about 10°C) . After this pre- mixing, the cement and the silica dust were added . The mixing was then continued at a subatmospheric pressure of 0.95 atm. After less than 5 minutes, a soft, clay-li ke consistency was obtained . The mixing was performed over a period of 20 minutes (from the time of adding the cement) . The mixed material had a soft, clay-like consistency which is esti¬ mated to be suitable for fiber reinforcement. The material was transferred to the piston extruder mounted on the I nstron press . On initial resistance, the cross head velocity was re¬ duced to 20 mm/minute. The extrusion was performed as described in MATER IALS AND METHODS . The extrusion force at various cross head velocities was measu red (Table 7) . Based on these data, the shear stress and the shear strain velocity were calculated (Table 7) as described above in MATERIALS AND METHODS . Table 7 Extrusion test/l nstron press F V τ y kN mm/ -1 minute MPa sec 8.5 20 0.0387 38. 1 7.6 10 0.0346 • •19.0 7.0 -5 0.0318 - 9.52 6.6 2 0.0300 3.81 6.4 1 0.0291 1 .90 6.0 0.5 0.0273 0.952 5.7 0.2 • 0.0259 0.381 5.6 0. 1 - 0.0255 0. 190 5.5 0.05 * 0.0250 0.0952 5.9 0. 1 0.0268 0. 190 6.3 0.2 0.0287 0.381 6.6 0.5 0.0300 0.952 6.8 1 0.0309 1 .90 7. 1 2 0.0323 3.81 7.7 5 0.0350 9.52 8.0 10 0.0364 19.0 8.5 20 0.0387 38. 1 9.8 50 . 0.0446 95.2 From the results it is noted that the power n is greater than 0 in the whole interval of shear strain velocities investigated . It is also ob¬ served that the power slowly increases with increasing shear strain rate. The consistency and power calculated by regression analysis on the fi rst four sets of results as well as on the last four sets of results are as follows : Regression analysis : log τ = log m + n log y' : Results Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m) 0.026 MPa x sec 0.027 MPa x sec Power (n) 0. 109 0. 105 Coefficient of cor¬ relation ( r) 0.97 0.98 Du ring extrusion , bars having a length of about 200 mm and a dia¬ meter of about 7 mm were collected and placed on a PETP-plate. After extrusion, the bars were covered with loosely placed plastic bags . After 24 hou rs in laboratory atmosphere (about 20°C; about 65% RH) , all the bars had become stiff and were placed in a plastic bag . The same day, 2/3 I of a dough-like material containing 5% by volume of wollastonite fibers was prepared as described above. The compo¬ nents were as follows : Component g per 2/3 liter Low alkali sulphate resistant Portland cement 885.4 Silica dust 206.2 Wollastonite, type NYAD G 96.7 Polymer solution I I - 258.6 Silicone Antischaumemulsion SRE 0.42 Processing results are given in Table 8. Table 8 Extrusion test/l nstron press F V τ y kN mm/ minute Mpa c Sec -1 9.8 20 0.0446 38. 1 9.0 10 0.0409 19.0 8.4 5 0.0382 9.52 8.0 2 0.0364 3.81 7. 1 1 0.0323 1 .90 6.9 0.5 0.0314 0.952 6.5 0.2 0.0296 0.381 6.2 0. 1 0.0282 0. 190 6.0 0.05 0.0273 0.0952 6.6 0.1 0.0300 0. 190 7.0 0.2 0.0318 0.381 7.3 0.5 0.0332 0.952 7.9 1 0.0359 1 .90 8.5 2 0.0387 3.81 9. 1 5 0.0414 9.52 9.9 10 0.0450 19.0 10.3 20 0.0468 38. 1 1 1 .8 50 0.0537 95.2 13.0 100 0.0591 190 From the results it is noted that the power n is greater than 0 in the whole interval of shear strain velocities investigated . The consistency and power calculated by regression analysis on the first three sets- of results as well as on the last three sets of results are as follows : Regression analysis : logτ = logm + n x logy' Results : Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m) : " 0.030 MPa x sec" 0.028 MPa x sec n Power (n) : 0. 111 0. 145 Coefficient of correlation (r) : 1 .00 1 .00 Bars were collected as described above. Also the same day, 2/3 I of a dough-li ke material containing 5% by volume of carbon fibres was prepared as described above. The com- ponents were as follows : Component ' g per 2/3 I Low alkali sulphate resistant portland cement 885.4 Silica dust 206.2 Carbon fibres from Sigri, Type PC 106 T 54.4 Polymer solution I I 258.6 Silicone Antischaumemulsion SRE 0.42 Processing results are given in Table 9. Table 9 Extrusion test/lnstron press F V τ y kN mm/ minute Mpa Sec 8.3 20 0.0377 38.1 7.6 10 0.0346 19.0 7.1 5 0.0323 9.52 6.4 2 0.0291 3.81 5.9 1 0.0268 1.90 5.5 0.5 0.0250 0.952 5.2 0.2 0.0239 0.381 5.2 0.1 0.0237 0.190 5.2 0.05 0.0237 0.0952 5.6 . 0.1 0.0255 0.190 5.9 0.2 0.0266 0.381 6.2 0.5 0.0282 0.952 6.4 1 0.0291 1.90 6.8 2 0.0309 3.81 7.6 5 0.0346 9.52 8.0 10 0.0364 19.0 8.8 20 0.0400 38.1 10.2 50 0.0464 95.2 11.5 100 0.0523 190 From the results it is noted that the power n is greater than 0 in the whole interval of shear strain velocities investigated. The consistency and power calculated by regression analysis on the first four sets of results as well as on the last four sets of results are as follows: Regression analysis: logτ = logm + n x logy' Results: Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m): 0.025 MPa x sec 0.024 MPa x sec Power (n): 0.112 0.158 Coefficient of correlation (r): 1.00 1.00 From the results so obtained, it is seen that incorporation of 5% by volume of fibres only slightly changes the rheological properties. Bars were collected as described above. After 1 day of storage, the bars produced were all slightly sticky, to the hand t 1 bar from each composition (un reinforced, reinforced, with wollastonite, reinforced with carbon) was tested for strength in the Instron press. Testing was perfromed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. The results appear from Table 10. Table 10 Bending test of samples stored for 1 day in laboratory atmosphere Modul lus of rupture Modu lus of elasticity MPa GPa Un reinforced Average 16.3 6.9 Coefficient of variation % 4.8 2.6 5% by volume of wo llastonite Average 22.3 8. 1 Coefficient of variation % 5.8 5.0 5% by volume of cai * bon Average 23.0 5.9 Coefficient of variation % 3.7 5.0 The bars not tested after 1 day were placed in plastic bags . After about 14 days, 1 bar of each material type was placed in an oven at 80°C and stayed there for 3 days . These bars were then stored in laboratory climate until testing for strength 28 days after the produc- tion . The rest of the bars were left in the plastic bags until testing for strength 28 days after the production . 1 bar from each material type (un reinforced, reinforced with wolla¬ stonite, reinforced with carbon) and curing condition was selected for testing for strength in the I nstron press . Testing was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . The results for specimens cu red at 20°C for 28 days appear from Table 11 . Table 11 Bending test on specimens stored for 28 days at 20°C Modulus of ruptu re Modulus of elasticity MPa GPa Un reinforced Average 27.5 16.8 Coefficient of variation % 18.8 11 .7 5% by volume of wollastonite Average 35.2 18. 1 Coefficient of variation % 6.8 10.8 5% by volume of carbon Average 47.6 13.3 Coefficient of variation 7.7 4.4 The results for specimens cu red at 20°C for 25 days and at 80°C for 3 days appear from Table 12. Table 12 Bending test on specimens stored for 15 days at 20°C for 3 days at 80°C for 10 days at 20°C Modulus of rupture Modulus of elasticity MPa GPa Unreinforced Average 43.5 19.3 Coefficient of variation % 10.0 4.9 5% by volume of wollastonite Average 45.9 20.1 Coefficient of variation % 7.6 2.8 5% by volume of carbon Average 50.1 16.9 . Coefficient of variation % 3.7 8.5 From the load/deflection curves obtained during testing for strength, it was observed (after 1 day as well as after 28 days) that the load increases almost linearly with the deflection until fracture, and that the fracture is abrupt for the unreinforced material as well as for the material reinforced with wollastonite, whereas for the material rein¬ forced with carbon, the load only increases linearly with the deflec¬ tion until the matrix starts to break whereafter the load/deflection ratio decreases slowly until maximum load. After maximum load, the material reinforced with carbon is still able to transfer the load. This indicates that the unreinforced material as well as the material reinforced with wollastonite both behave like brittle materials and that the material reinforced with carbon is very tough. The results show that a) it is possible by the use of a Portland cement, silica dust, hydr¬ oxypropylmethyl cellulose and water as the main constituents to produce a material characterized in that the shear stress increases with increasing shear strain velocity . The increase in shear stresses at 10-fold increases in shear strain velocities was found to be above 25%. This means that materials of this kind may be processed on machinery operating on materials with viscous beha¬ viour such as most machinery used in the polymer industry, b) high bending tensile strength may be obtained in unreinforced materials based on Portland cement. The strength is developed by time, possibly th rough a drying process, c) beneficial effects such as high toughness may be achieved through . fiber reinforcement. EXAMPLE 5 The purpose of this example was to evaluated the influence on pro¬ cessing or rheological properties from reagents which can cross-link unsubstituted hydroxyl groups in cellulose molecules when using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose of different origin in different concen- trations and with different degrees of packing particulate materials with or without silica dust. Starting materials and recipe calculations The following materials were used : Low al kali sulphate resistant Portland cement Silica dust Celacol H PM 15000 DS Cellulose ether XZ 86.205 Melment F10 G lyoxal (30% solution) Citric acid Silicone Antischaumemulsion S RE (1% solution) The tests were performed with each of the following factors on the two levels stated : A : Cement volume proportion (x = 0.50; 0.55) B : Silica volume proportion of rest volume after cement (y = 0.00; 0.30) C: Polymer volume proportion of rest volume after cement and silica (p = 0.05; 0. 10) D: H PMC-type (Celacol H PM 15000 DS; cellulose ether XZ 86.205) E: Volume proportion of cross-link reagent in polymer volume (t = 0.00; 0.20) F: Type of cross-lin k reagent (Melment F10; glyoxal + 4% of citric acid) Aiming at reducing the amount of air contained in the material, Sili¬ cone Antischaumemulsion S RE was added in an amount so that it constituted 2% of the polymer proportion of the rest volume after cement and silica . Accordingly, the compositions after volume were calculated from the following expressions : Component Volume share Cement Silica (1 -x) x y HPMC p x (1 -t) x (1 -x) (1 -y) x 0.98 Cross-link reagent p x t x (1 -x) x (1 -y) x 0.98 SRE p x (1 -x) x (1 -y) x 0.02 Water (1 -p) x (1 - χ ) * (1 -y) The constituting components, apart from glyoxal, were present in pu re form. Glyoxal was present as a 30% aqueous solution with a density of about 1 .2 g/1. The constituting amounts of SRE were very small and would therefore cause difficulties in dosing . Consequently, SRE was dissolved in water to a 1% solution . Mixing procedure The day before use at the latest, the following components were mixed in an agitator Water SRE (1% solutioa) HPMC (Celacol, cellulose ether) The mixture was left to stand until the time of use. Normal procedure The aqueous solution of SRE and HPMC was pou red into a clean kneader. Melment or glyoxal + citric acid were added . Mixing was performed for about 5 minutes at 20°C without vacuum. Cement and silica were added . Mixing was continued in vacuum (about 0.95 atm . below the su rroundings) at 20°C for about 15 minutes after the mate¬ rial had changed to a dough-like material . The time lapse from mixing was started and until the material changed to a dough-like material was recorded . After mixing , the material was immediately transferred to the piston extruder in the I nstron press . Collecting process data and preparation of 7 mm round bars The ready-mixed material was immediately placed in the tube of the piston extruder (piston extruder mounted with a φ 7 mm die) . The extrusion was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . At beginning resistance, the velocity was reduced to 20 mm/minute . The force exerted by the piston on the material was recorded as a function of cross head velocity. Du ring extrusion , bars with lengths of about 22 cm were collected (an extruded string was cut with a pai r of scissors) , and the bars were placed on PETP-plates . After extrusion , the plates were left to stand and covered with a plastic bag until the next day when the bars were carefully put into plastic bags . The plastic bags were left for addi- tionally 6 days in the laboratory (at 20°C) , and then they were placed in an oven at 80°C for 7 days whereafter they were taken out and left in the laboratory atmosphere. The bars were then ready for fu rther treatment. The time lapse until a coherent mass was obtained, calculated from the time of adding the particulate materials (cement and silica) was recorded . The results appear from Tables 13 and 14. From the results, it may be seen that the cement, the silica and the amount of polymer in the solution influence the time lapse much more than the other variables do. It may also be observed that the cement and the silica interact. The best linear relationship between the time lapse and the cement, silica and polymer content only accounts for about 56% of the results, and thus some of the other factors should also be taken into consideration . From the recordings of extrusion force at various cross-head velo- cities, the shear stress and the shear strain velocity were calculated as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . For all 32 experiments, the viscosities (shear stress/shear strain velocity) at different shear strain velocities appear from Table 15. It may be seen from the results that the cement, the silica and the polymer content significantly influence the viscosity (at a 5% signifi- cance level) . However, these 3 factors only account for about 50% of the results, and thus some of the other factors should also be taken into consideration . A more detailed investigation of the results in Table 15 shows that the amount and type of cross-lin king reagent also influence the viscosity (at a 10% significance level) . Fu rthermore, it is observed that the silica content interacts with the cement content as well as with type and amount of cross-lin king reagent, and the silica content interacts with the amount of polymer in solution and with the type of cross-lin king reagent. Taking these extra factors into consideration, about 80% of the results are accounted for irre- spective of the shear strain rate. At the actual dosage levels, the viscosity increases with increasing content of cement, silica and polymer irrespective of the type of cross-linking reagent. When using Melment (normally used as a so- called superplasticizer in the cement industry) , the viscosity de- creases with increasing amount, while the viscosity increases with increasing amount when using glyoxal . From the results it is observed that at the highest shear strain velo¬ cities, the shear stress always increases with increasing shear strain velocity. Thus, all the materials produced are suitable for processing on machinery intended for materials with viscous behaviou r such as those normally used in the polymer industry . Thus , with a material g having a viscosity of about 6.3 ' 10 cP at a shear strain velocity of 9.5 sec. , a cup-li ke specimen was formed by injection moulding. Table 13 Cross-link reagent, % by volume = 0 HPMC- Polymer Silica Cement Time Mix type % by vol. % by vol. % by vol. lapse No. min. 50 2 1 0 55 2 2 Cela- * 50 5 3 col 30 55 30 4 HPM 15000 50 3 5 DS 0 55 20 6 10 50 14 7 30 55 45 8 50 1 9 0 55 3 10 Cellu- 50 9 11 lose 30 55 21 12 ether XZ 50 3 13 86.205 ° 55 9 14 10 50 8 15 30 55 21 16 Table 14 Cross-link reagent, % by volume = 20 HPMC Polymer Silica Cement Cross-link Time Mix type % by vol. % by vol. % by vol. reagent lapse . No. type min. 50 Glyoxal* 1 17 0 55 Melment 4 18 5 Cela¬ 50 Melment 4 19 30 col 55 Glyoxal* 31 20 HPM 15000 50 Melment 1 21 0 DS 55 Glyoxal* 18 22 10 50 Glyoxal* 12 23 30 55 Melment 44 24 50 Melment 1 25 0 55 Glyoxal* 1 26 5 Cellu¬ 50 Glyoxal* 4 27 30 lose 55 Melment 20 28 ether XZ 50 Glyoxal* 2 29 0 86.205 55 Melment 5 30 10 50 Melment 7 31 30 55 Glyoxal* 120 32 Table 15 ix Viscosity at Viscosity at Viscosity at No. 0.952 sec "1 9.52 sec 95.2 sec "1 Down Down Up Down Up x10 s cP x10 6 cP x10 6 cP x10 s cP x10 ε cP 1 7.64 1.24 1.24 0.18 0.17 2 10.98 1.91 1.91 0.28 0.27 3 28.65 3.10 3.63 0.42 0.50 4 131.78 11.17 12.22 1.30 1.50 5 20.05 3.10 3.06 0.42 0.39 6 35.81 5.54 5.54 0.76 0.72 7 46.31 6.49 6.88 0.97 0.97 8 128.44 12.70 14.47 1.66 1.93 9 5.73 1.10 1.05 0.16 0.15 10 8.59 1.58 1.58 0.25 0.24 11 36.76 4.11 4.44 0.50 0.61 12 76.39 7.26 ' 7.88 0.85 1.10 13 20.05 3.06 3.06 0.42 0.40 14 30.56 4.77 4.77 0.61 0.65 15 40.58 6.02 6.49 0.92 0.99 16 53.95 8.40 8.31 1.31 1.39 Table 15 continued Mix Viscosity at Viscosity at Viscosity at No. 0.952 sec " 1 9.52 sec " 1 95.2 sec Down Down Up Down Up x10 s cP x10 s cP xlO 6 cP xlO 6 cP x10 s cP 17 9.55 1.53 1.53 0.21 0.20 18 11.94 2.05 2.05 0.31 0.28 19 24.83 2.86 3.34 0.42 0.49 20 186.21 15.76 16.23 1.77 2.15 21 15.76 2.86 3.06 0.39 0.42 22 43.45 6.11 6.30 0.80 0.81 23 177.62 15.47 17.57 1.89 2.22 24 78.30 8.98 9.93 1.33 1.47 25 6.68 1.15 1.15 0.18 0.16 26 15.29 * 2.34 2.39 0.34 0.31 27 47.75 4.30 5.35 0.53 0.64 28 87.38 7.83 8.98 0.98 1.18 29 21.96 3.20 3.25 0.43 0.42 30 35.33 5.35 5.30 0.73 0.68 31 40.11 5.87 6.30 0.96 0.94 32 ■ = 240 36.29 33.42 4.54 4.39 EXAMPLE 6 I n this example, the effect of increasing the molecular weight of a so¬ dium salt of a sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SN FS) is demon¬ strated . 2/3 I of a material was prepared in the Werner- Pfleiderer kneader, type LUK 2.5 K 2TV, from the following components : Component g per 2/3 liter Low al kali sulphate resistant cement 1197.0 Silica dust 281 .2 SN FS (42% by weight solution in water) 48.5 Water 120.0 The SNFS solution and the water were shortly mixed before adding the particulate materials (cement and silica) . The kneader was cooled with water, tempered at about 20°C . The mixing was performed at a subatmospheric pressu re of 0.95 atm. The time lapse from adding the particulate materials until achieving a soft, coherent mass was about 27 minutes, irrespective of the molecular weight of the SNFS . After the soft, cohesive mass was achieved, the mixing was continued for additionally 15 minutes . With Mighty 150, the mixed material was flowing almost by itself . The flowability decreased with increasing viscosity of the SNFS . The material was transferred to a piston extruder mounted on an I n- stron press . On initial resistance, the cross-head velocity was re¬ duced to 20 mm/minute. The extrusion was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . The extrusion forces at various cross head velocities were measured . Based on these data, the shear stress and shear strain velocities were calculated as described above in MATERIALS AND METHODS . I n Table 16, the viscosities at selected shear strain rates are given as well as consistency and power. ' Table 16 SNFS Mighty 150 81 . M .005 81 . M .006 81 . M .007 Viscosity at Down x10 6 cP 2.20 2.77 4.92 5. 11 0.9524 sec " 1 Up x10 6 cP 2.20 2.96 5.49 5.73 Viscosity at Down x10 G cP 0.229 0.420 0.597 0.645 9.524 sec " 1 Up x10 e cP 0.291 0.716 0.645 0.716 Down kPa x sec Consistency* , , ■ __ n ,-. .„ . ■ Up kPa x sec 0.484 0.535 0.678 0.853 Down Power* Up 0.61 0.74 0.72 0.70 I ncrease in shear stress at a 10 fold Down % increase in Up 307 455 427 399 shear strain rate* * Consistency, power and increase in shear stress at a 10 fold increase in shear strain velocity are based on results obtained at shear strain -1 -1 velocities between 38. 1 sec and 190.5 sec . It is evident that the experimental SN FS 81 . .005-7 perform much better than Mighty 150. When using Mighty 150 in materials of this kind, but with increasing amounts of particulate materials, the behaviour of mixed materials turns out to become more frictional . When using SN FS with a higher viscosity than that of Mighty 150, the viscous resistance to externally applied stresses is believed to be more pronounced than when using Mighty 150, thus suppressing the tendency of the material to act as a frictional material . Du ring extrusion , ba rs having a length of about 200 mm and a dia- meter of about 7 mm were collected from materials with the experi¬ mental SN FS and placed on a PETP-plate. From the material with Mighty 150, bars could not be collected as the material was too flow- able. After extrusion , the bars were covered with plastic bags placed loosely on the bars . After 24 hou rs in laboratory atmosphere (about 20°C, about 65% R . H . ) , all the bars had become stiff and were placed in plastic bags . After additionally 2 days, 1 bar from each series was taken out. These bars were placed in an oven at 80°C for additionally 3 days whereafter the bars were taken out for testing for strength . From each cu ring condition and from each material, 1 bar was selected for testing for strength 6 days after preparation of the bars . The testing was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS . From the testing for strength, the modulus of rupture as well as the modulus of elasticity were estimated in the manner stated in Materials and Methods . The results appear from Table 17. Table 17 Curing Modulus of condition rupture elasticity Coefficie nt Coefficient SNFS Da lys at Days at Mean of varia¬ Mean of varia¬ type 20 °C 80° C MPa tion, % GPa tion, % 6 0 25.0 33.0 13.8 18.1 81.M.005 3 3 34.2 6.6 15.8 5.1 6 0 20.9 20.1 11.8 9.9 81. M.006 3 , 3 46.2 8.4 22.3 5.8 6 0 15.9 17.3 10.9 9.3 81. M.007 3 3 47.5 5.3 20.8 7.7 One small cylinder with a height of about 2 times the diameter was sawn with a diamond saw from each of the bars which had been in the oven for 3 days. These small cylinders were used for compression testing. The results appear from Table 18. Table 18 SNFS Compressive strength type MPa 81. M.005 206.6 81. M.006 243.6 81. M.007 257.8 It appears from Table 17 that the final modulus of rupture has not been reached when curing the specimens at 20°C for 6 days. From the same table it is seen that the strength increases with increasing molecular weight of the SNFS in the interval of this investigation. It is seen from Table 18 that the compressive strength also increases with increasing molecular weight of the SNFS in the interval of this investigation. Thus, it may be concluded that sodium salts of naphthalene for- maldehyde sulphonates may be used for producing materials with high modulus of rupture (above 40 MPa). It may also be concluded that the processability and the strength of materials of the kind in question in this example are facilitated by increased molecular weights of the SNFS. Finally, it may be concluded that materials such as those produced here will show a viscous behaviour at the higher shear strain rates, thus allowing the materials to be processed on machinery intended for handling viscous materials with high viscosities. EXAMPLE 7 3 mixtures of 1815 g of dough-like materials (about 811-846 ml) were prepared in the Werner-Pfleiderer Kneader, type LUK 2.5K 2 TV, from the following components: Mixture no. Component, grams per mixture 1 2 3 Secar 71 1350 1200 1050 Bright silica 150 300 450 Celacol® HPM 15000 DS 75 75 75 Water 240 240 240 Total volume (air free) ml 811 829 846 The water was first added to the kneader, and then the 3 remaining components were added. The kneader was cooled with tap water (about 10°C). After the materials had been added, the lid was closed and vacuum was applied. At a subatmospheric pressure of 0.9 atm., the mixing was initiated. Mixing was performed at a subatmospheric pressure of at least 0.95 atm. After 100, 48 and 50 minutes, respec¬ tively, a soft, clay-like consistency was obtained. Mixing was con- tinued for another 15, 10 and 10 minutes, respectively. The mixed materials had soft clay-like consistencies estimated to be suitable for fiber reinforcement. The materials were transferred to the piston extruder mounted on the Instron press. On initial resistance, the cross head velocity was re- duced to 100 mm/min. The extrusion was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS except that the length of the die was 50 mm instead of 100 mm. The extrusion force at various cross head velocities was measured for each material (Tables 19, 20 and 21). Based on these data, the shear stress and the shear strain velocity were calculated (Tables 19, 20 and 21) as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS. Table 19 Mixture no. 1 Extrusion test/I nstron press F V τ y kN mm/ MPa e Sec ~- minute 34.5 100 0.314 190.5 27.5 50 0.250 95.2 23.0 20 0.209 38.1 21.5 10 0.195 19.0 21.0 5 0.191 9.52 21.0 2 0.191 3.81 21.0 1 0.191 1.90 21.0 0.5 0.191 0.952 21.5 0.2 0.195 0.381 22.0 0.1 0.200 0.190 24.5 0.2 0.223 0.381 Table 19 continued 25.5 0.5 0.232 0.952 26.0 1 0.236 1.90 27.0 2 0.245 3.81 27.5 5 0.250 9.52 27.5 10 0.250 19.0 27.5 20 0.250 38.1 30.0 50 0.273 95.2 35.0 100 0.318 190.5 From the results it is noted that the power n is greater than 0 at the higher shear strain velocities (above about 20 sec- ). The consistency and power calculated on the first two sets of results as well as on the last two sets of results are as follows: Consistency (m) and power (n): logτ = logm * n x logy' Results: Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m): 0.056 Mpa x sec 0.099 Mpa x sec Power (n): 0.327 0.222 Table 20 Mixture no. 2 Extrusion test/l nstron press F V τ y kN mm/ MPa Sec minute 38.0 100 0.346 190.5 31 .0 50 0.282 95.2 27.0 20 0.246 38. 1 27.0 10 0.246 19.0 28.0 5 0.255 9.52 29.0 2 0.264 3.81 31 .0 1 0.282 1 .90 33.0 0.5 0.300 0.952 37.0 0.2 0.337 0.381 38.0 0. 1 0.346 0. 190 40.0 0.2 0.36.4 - 0.381 42.0 0.5 0.382 0.952 41 .0 1 0.373 1 .90 40.0 2 0.364 3.81 38.0 5 0.346 9.52 37.0 10 0.337 19.0 36.0 20 0.327 38. 1 36.0 50 0.327 95.2 44.0 100 0.400 190.5 From the results it is noted that the power n is g reater than 0 at the higher shear strain velocities (above about 20 sec. ) . The consistency and power calculated on the first two sets of results as well as on the last two sets of results are as follows : Consistency (m) and power (n): logτ = logm * n x logy' Results: Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m) : 0.074 Mpa x sec 0.088 Mpa x sec Power (n): 0.294 0.290 Table 21 Mixture no. 3 Extrusion test/lnstron press F V τ y kN mm/ MPa Sec minute 50.0 100 0.455 190.5 44.0 50 0.400 95.2 39.0 20 0.355 38.1 40.0 10 0.364 19.0 41.0 5 0.373 9.52 47.0 2 0.427 3.81 55.0 1 0.500 1.90 63.0 0.5 0.573 0.952 65.0 0.2 0.591 0.381 67.0 0.1 0.609 0.190 73.0 0.2 0.664 0.381 67.0 0.5 0.609 0.952 61.0 1 0.555 1.90 63.0 2 0.573 3.81 58.0 5 0.527 9.52 54.0 10 0.491 19.0 53.0 20 0.482 38.1 61.0 50 0.555 95.2 83.0 100 0.755 190.2 From the results it is noted that the power n is greater than 0 at the higher shear strain velocities (above about 20 sec. ) . The consistency and power calculated on the first two sets of . results as well as on the last two sets of results are as follows : Consistency (m) and power (n) : logi = logm * n x logy' Results : Shear strain velocity decreasing increasing Consistency (m) : 0. 173 Mpa x sec 0.073 Mpa x sec Power (n) : . 0. 184 0.444 From the results so obtained it is seen that the shear stress level is increased as the silica content is increased . Materials with 10% by volume as well as with 47.4% by volume were also investigated, but during mixing for up to 2 hours they never obtained a coherent con¬ sistency. Thus, when introducing intermidiate amounts of silica into a mixture of Secar 71 , Celacol® and water, coherent mixtures may be obtained, but when introducing higher or lower amounts of silica to the mixture, coherent mixtures are not obtained during 2 hou rs' mixing in the kneader. During extrusion of each mixtu re, bars having a length of about 200 mm and a diameter of about 7 mm were collected and placed on a PETP-plate. After the extrusion , the bars were covered with loosely placed plastic bags . After about 24 hou rs in laboratory atmosphere (about 20°C, ' about 70% RH) , all the bars had become stiff and were placed in plastic bags (bars from each mixture in one separate bag) . After about 4 days, the bars were placed in an oven at 80°C (vented to the laboratory atmosphere) and were kept there for about 3 days . These bars were then stored in laboratory climate until they were tested for strength . One bar from each mixtu re was selected for testing for strength in a hand-operated Hounsefield tensiometer. Testing was performed as described in MATERIALS AND METHODS except for the change of testing machine, a span of 60 mm and a variable cross head velocity (approximating 1 mm/min only) . The results for specimens tested appear from Table 22. Table 22 Bending test on specimens stored about 4 days at 20°C about 3 days at 80°C conditioned at 20°C Mixtu re Modules of ruptu re no. " Average MPa Coefficient of variation 1 66.6 8.1 2 73.4 4.3 3 70.9 0.7 The results indicate that materials with good strength properties may be obtained by combining Secar 71 , silica fume, Celacol® and water.

Claims: CLAIMS 1 . A shaped article comprising a coherent matrix comprising inorganic particles of a size of 20A- 1000 μm with gap grading with two or several particle sizes, the particles being homogeneously arranged with at least particles of one of the sizes being densely packed and the densely packed particles occupying at the most 90% of the volume occupied by the particles, organic polymeric material in the interparticle void, the molecular weight of the polymer being at least 5000, preferably at least 10,000, most preferably at least 15,000 g/mole, and optionally comprising additional bodies which are fibers and/or have at least one-di¬ mension larger than 1000 μm . 2. A shaped article according to claim 1 wherein the particles com- prise particles of a size in the range of 20A-200 μm with gap grading with one or several particle jumps , the particles being homogeneously arranged with at least particles of one of the sizes being densely packed . 3. A shaped article according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the particles comprise a particle fraction with densely packed particles of a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0. 1 -100 μm, preferably in the range of 1 -50 μm. 4. A shaped article according to claim 1 -3 wherein the particles com¬ prise a particle fraction with particles of a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm, in particular in the range of 0.01 -0.5 μm. 5. A shaped article according to any of claims 1 -4 wherein the par¬ ticle fraction which is densely packed is present in an amount of 40-70% by volume, calculated on the total composition . 6. A shaped a rticle according to claim 5 wherein the particle fraction which is densely packed is present in an amount of 50-60% by volume, calculated on the total matrix . 7. A shaped article according to any of claims 1 -6 wherein the- partic- les comprise two particle size fractions , the particles of one particle size fraction being densely packed, the other being present in an amount of 10-70% by volume of the volume of the matrix which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the first-mentioned par¬ ticle size fraction . 8. A shaped article according to any of claims 1 -7 wherein the other particle size fraction is present in an amount of 20-50% by volume of the volume of the matrix which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the fi rst-mentioned particle size fraction . 9. A shaped article according to any of claims 1 -8 wherein the other particle size fraction is present in an amount of 30-45% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the fi rst-mentioned particle size fraction . 10. A shaped article according to any of claims 1 -6 wherein the matrix comprises th ree particle size fractions with gap grading be- tween the fractions , the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed, the particles of the medium particle size fraction being homogeneously distributed between the densely packed coarsest particles, and the particles of the finest particle size fraction being homogeneously distributed between the homogeneously distributed medium size particles . 11 . A shaped article according to claim 10 wherein the particles of the medium sized particle fraction are densely packed between the densely packed coarsest particles . 12. A shaped article according to any of claims 1 -6 wherein the composition comprises four or more particle size fractions with gap grading between the fractions, the particles of the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed, and the other particle size fractions being densely packed or homogeneously distributed in the remaining space of the matrix . 13. A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims in which the matrix material has a modulus of rupture of at least 25 MPa when measu red on extruded bars with a diameter of 7 mm. 14. A shaped article according to claim 13 in which the matrix ma¬ terial has a modulus of rupture of at least 40 MPa when measured on extruded bars with a diameter of 7 mm . 15. A shaped article according to claim 14 in which the matrix mate¬ rial has a modulus of ruptu re of at least 50 MPa when measu red on extruded bars with a diameter of 7 mm. - 16. A shaped article according to claim 15 in which the matrix mate¬ rial has a modulus of ruptu re of at least 60 MPa when measured on extruded bars of a diameter of 7 mm. 17. A shaped article according to any of claims 2-16 in which the ad¬ ditional bodies are bodies selected from natural aggregates such as the basalt group, such as andesite, basalt, basalt porphyrites, dia¬ base, dolerite, epidiorite, hornblende-schist, lamprophyre, quartz dolerite, spilite, teschenite and theralite; the flint group, such as chert and flint; the gabbro group such as basic diorite, basic gneiss, gabbro, hornblende rock, norite, periodotite, picrite and serpentine; the porphyry group, such as aplite, dacite, felsite, granophyre, keratophyre, microgranite, porphyry, quartz-porphyrite, rhyolite and trachyte; the granite group, such as gneiss, granite, granodiorite, granulite, pegmatite, quartz diorite and syenite; the limestone group, such as dolomite, limestone and marble; the quartzite group, such as ganister, quartzitic sandstone and recrystallized quartzite; the schist group such as phyllite, schist and slate; sand and/or gravel; from glass; from artificial lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, shale or slate; perlite; vermiculite; expanded blast-furnace slag; clinker aggregate and breeze; sintered pulverized fuel ash such as ' Lytag; expanded glass such as Expanver; from natu ral heavy-weight aggregates such as baryte, magnetite, limonite, hematite, goethite and ilmenite; from artificial heavy-weight aggregates such as steel , ferro- phosphorous , lead or other metallic materials; and/or from the group consisting of fi reclay grog having a content of alumina between 20 and 45%, silicious grog with more than 75% SiO~ , mullite grog, sili- manite grog, andalusite grog, spinel grog, chromium oxide grog , zirconium oxide grog and calcined bauxite, high alumina materials such as electrocast, sintered, calcined or fused alumina, tabular alumina, aluminous shale, zirconium oxide, zircon , cromium oxide and silicon carbide, magnesia clin ker, forsterite, chrome mineral , carbo¬ naceous materials such as dolomite, silica sand, silica stone and agalmatolite. 18. A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims in which the amount of pores above 100 μm in the matrix is below 2% of the total volume of the matrix . 19. A shaped article according to claim 18 in which the amount of pores above 100 μm in the matrix is below 0.5% of the total volume of the matrix . 20. A shaped article according to claim 18 or 19 in which the amount of pores above 15 μm in the matrix is at the most 2% by volume, pre¬ ferably at the most 0.5% by volume. 21 . A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims in which the volume^-of pores of more than 10 μm in the matrix is at the most 2% by volume, preferably at the most 0.5% by volume. 22. A shaped article according to claim 21 in which the volume of po¬ res of more than 5 μm in the matrix is at the most 2% of the matrix , preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 23. A shaped article according to claim 22 in which the volume of po- res of more than 1 μm is at the most 2% of the matrix , preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 24. A shaped article according to claim 23 in which the volume of po¬ res of more than 0.5 μm is at the most 2% of the matrix , preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 25. A shaped article according to claim "24 in which the volume of pores of more than 0. 1 μm is at the most 2% of the matrix, preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 26. A shaped article according to any of claims 18-25 in which the total amount of pores in the matrix is below 20%, preferably below 10%, and more preferably below 5%, of the total volume of the matrix . 27. A shaped article according to any of claims 2-17 in which addi¬ tional bodies in the form of fibers such as natu ral fibers, including cellulose fibers, sisal fibers, hemp fibers, cotton , wool, jute, fibers prepared from natural fibers such as acetate fibers, triacetate fibers, viscose rayon fibers or filaments, spun rayon fibers or filaments, sil k filaments, synthetic fibers, including plastic fibers such as polyamide 6 fibers, polypropylene filaments, fibrillated polypropylene, nylon fibers or filaments, dacron fibers or filaments, orlon fibers or fila¬ ments, polyester fibers or filaments, acryl fibers or filaments, poly¬ ethylene fibers or filaments, Kevlar fibers or filaments, glass fibers such as A-glass fibers or filaments, E-glass fibers or filaments, S-glass fibers or filaments, 2285 fibers or filaments, 970 S fibers or filaments, quartz fibers or filaments, mineral, wool fibers, metal fibers such as steel 1 , steel 2, stainless steel, aluminum fibers, titanium fibers, berylium fibers, manganese fibers or copper, polycrystalline fibers such as carbon 1 fibers, carbon 2 fibers, carbon 3 fibers , graphite 1 fibers, graphite 2 fibers, graphite 3 fibers, multiphase fiber such as boron on wolfram fibers or filaments, boron on carbon fibers, boron on silicon fibers or silicon carbide on wolfram fibers or filaments, alumina fibers (safil) , silicon carbide fibers, mullite fibers, SiC/B/tungsten filaments, graphite filaments, carbon filaments, re¬ fractory steel filaments, sapphire (aluminium oxide) fibers, asbestos fibers, amosite fibers, crysotite fibers, krokydolite fibers, boron nitride fibers, boron fibers, boron carbide fibers, Sil . -Temp. fibers , Refrasil fibers, Fiberfrax fibers, Caowool fibers, zirconium dioxide fibers, Tipersul fibers, Kionite J-M fibers, Franklin fibers, aluminium oxide whiskers , silicon carbide whiskers , beryllium oxide whiskers , boron carbide whiskers, silicon nitride whiskers, magnesium oxide whiskers , titanium dioxide whiskers , quartz whiskers , aluminium nitride whiskers, graphite whiskers and polycrystalline steel whiskers are incorporated in the matrix in an amount of 0. 1 -50% by volume, preferably 0. 1 -25% by volume, more preferably 1 -15% by volume, such as about 5-10% by volume of the total matrix . 28. A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims in which the particles are bonded together through reaction products formed by partial dissolution of particles in a processing matrix containing organic polymeric material , chemical reaction in the dis¬ solved phase, and precipitation of the reaction product, the organic polymeric material optionally being incorporated in the reaction pro- ducts . 29. A shaped article according to claim 28 wherein the particles capable of bonding together through reaction products are selected from the group consisting of Portland cement such as Portland clin ker cement, calcium silicate, ordinary Portland cement, rapid-hardening Portland cement, super rapid-hardening Portland cement, quick- setting Portland cement, white Portland cement, coloured Portland cement, waterproof Portland cement, hydrofobic Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, sulphate-resisting Portland cement, low- alkali Portland cement, Portland clin ker cement, Kϋhl cement, i ron ore cement and Ferrari cement; or aluminous cement such as high alumina cement, calcium mono-aluminate cement, calcium di-aluminate cement and silico-aluminous cement; or magnesia cements such as magnesium oxychloride or Sorel cements and magnesium oxysulphate cement; calcium germanate cements such as calcium orthogermanate and tri- calcium germanate; strontium silicate cements such as tri- and di- strontium silicate; strontium aluminate cements such as tri- and mono- strontium aluminates and strontium di-aluminate; barium silicate ce¬ ments such as tri- and di-barium silicate; barium aluminate cements such as tri- and mono-barium aluminate; blended cements such as granulated blast furnace slag cements , slag cements, Portland blast furnace cements, supersulphated cements, pozzolane cements and fly ash cements; and steelworks slag such as calcium mono-aluminate steelworks slag, calcium di-aluminate steelworks slag, and calcium silico-aluminate * steelworks slag, and/or al kaline-earth oxide which has been calcined at very high temperature and- selected from the sub¬ group consisting of magnesia , dolomite, calcium oxide and barytes . 30. A shaped article according to claim 29 in which particles of pozzo¬ lanic or limited cementing properties are incorporated and assist in bonding together through reaction products, the said particles being selected from silica, silica dust, e. g from the ferrosilicon industry, pyrogenic silica, rice husk ash, alumina such as bauxite, aluminous slag, pozzolane, fly ash , finely ground fly ash , diatomaceous earth , kiselgur, moler, pumice, tuff, tufa; waste products from desulphur¬ izing combustion gases from the lime method; blast furnace slag, these materials being natu ral materials or materials artificially pro¬ duced by e. g . pyrogenic processes, condensation from vapou r phase, precipitation, spray-drying, etc. , and/or sele ted from the group of materials with hydrothermal and/or limited pozzolanic properties, such as silica such as quartz sand, finely ground sand; calcium- carbonate, calcium sulphate (anhydrite, plaster of Paris, gypsum) . 31 . A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims in which the organic polymeric material in the- interparticle void is one or several polymeric materials selected from the group consisting of latexes (colloidal aqueous emulsions of elastomers) , water-soluble resins, and resin derivatives and/or cement-dispersing agents known as concrete superplasticizers . '" 32. A shaped article according to claim 31 in which the polymer is a polymer or a combination of polymers selected from guar gum; sodium alginate; gum arabic; gum tragacanth ; locust bean gum; acrylamide polymer, methacrylamide polymer; copolymers of acrylamide and eth- acrylamide; polyacrylamide/vinyl copolymers; acrylic acid and. metha¬ crylic acid polymers and copolymers ; ethylene oxide polymers and polyethyleneglycol; methyl cellulose or al kyl celluloses; methyl cellu¬ lose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellu- lose, hydroxybutyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxy- propyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkylcar- boxyal kyl cellulose; polyethyleneimines , polyvinylalcohol , and copoly¬ mers of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol , polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxylic polymers and copolymers, carboxypolymethylene, maleic copolymers, polyvinylethylether, u rea -formaldehyde polyoxyalkylene/polyu rethane- copolymer, alkyds, butadienes, epoxide resins, fluoro polymers, formaldehyde polymers, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyu rethane pro¬ ducts, emulsion elastomers : styrene/butadiene copolymers , with widely varying ratio between styrene and butadiene, acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers, silicone rub¬ bers, suitable addition copolymers, including copolymers of methyl methacrylate with methacrylic acid, acrylic acid-, crotonic acid, ita- conic acid, or similar unsaturated carboxylic acid; copolymers of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and similar esters of acrylic acid, together with acids of the above type; copolymers of vinyl acetate with esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid or similar unsatu rated acids, subse¬ quently modified to produce carboxylic groups; copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotorric acid, and similar unsaturated acids or salts of these acids; copolymers of vinylpyrro- lidone with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and similar unsaturated acids, and which may also include, as monomers, esters of these acids; copolymers of anhydrides of unsatu rated acids, such as maleic acid, with suitable unsaturated monomers , such as styrene, diisobutylene, vinyl ethyl ether; partially hydrolyzed polymers and copolymers of acrylamide, methacrylamide, and acrylonitrile; graft copolymers of polyethylene oxide with copolymers of acrylic acid, methylacrylic acid, etc. , and methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and cement-dispersing agents, in particular medium molecular weight polymers, such as metal salts, e. g . alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, of sulphonated naphthalene or melamine formaldehyde conden¬ sates or their parent acids or amide derivatives thereof, or higher molecular weight polymers thereof. 33. A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims which is a tube, a profile, a plane or curved (e. g . corrugated) sheet, an insulator, a component in a machine or a tool for machines, a house¬ hold utensil , or an industrial utensil , components used for acoustic damping or damping of vibrations, components for electromagnetic shielding, composite armour for military vehicles and buildings, or electrical fittings . 34. A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims which is selected from the group consisting of pipe linings, masts, drain pipes or gutter pipes, sewage pipes, low-pressu re pipes , transport pipes, roofing sheets, sills, copings, door or window frames, kitchen equipment, ski rting boards or floor panels , press tools , grinding members, cladding sheets, fireproof doors, insulation members , table tops , wear plates or sheets, wearing bars, floor and wall clinkers or tiles, lining members , protective casing, transport channels, roof elements, machine frames, pump components, screw ends and wearing parts for same, conveyor screws, wearing parts for cement mills, vacuum tools, press tools, pressure die-casting tools, blowing tools for plastics, gear boxes, bearing housings or casings, transport rollers, conveyor frames, components for agricultural tools, springs, kitchen sin ks and emptying sinks, sanitary appliances, winding stairs, sun cell arrays, household utensils (to replace cured plastic) , ga rden fu rnitu re, art production, decorative sheets, loud speaker enclosu res, turntables, tape decks and cabinets, cryogenic gas and liquid containers and pipes, X- ray resistant panels, waste and radio¬ active waste containers, filter beds, and filtration devices . 35. A method for preparing a shaped article, comprising subjecting a composition having a shear strength of at least I kPa, preferably at -1 -1 least 5 kPa, at shear strain velocities in the range of 10 -10 2 sec. and comprising inorganic particles of a size of 20A-1000 μm homoge¬ neously arranged in a processing matrix having a sufficient viscosity to secure the above-mentioned viscosity of the composition , at least one particle size fraction of the particles being densely packed, the densely packed particles occupying at the most 90% of the volume occupied by the particles, and optionally comprising additional bodies which are fibers, to a shear mixing process at shear strain velocities at which the composition has substantially higher, preferably one power of 10 higher, resistance to viscous deformation than to frictio¬ nal or cohesive deformation , optionally subjecting the thus mixed composition to additional shaping, optionally with incorporation of additional bodies which are fibers and/or have at least one dimension larger than 1000 μm, and thereafter subjecting the composition to solidification . 36. A method according to claim 35 wherein the particles comprise particles of a size of the range of 20A-200 μm with gap grading with one or several particle jumps, these particles being homogeneously ar- ranged -with at least particles of one of the sizes being densely pack¬ ed . 37. A method according to claim 35 or 36 wherein the particles com¬ prise two particle size fractions, one particle size fraction being densely packed, the other being present in an amount of 10-70% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the first-mentioned particle size fraction . 38. A method according to claim 37 wherein the other particle size fraction is present in an amount of 20-50% by volume of the volume of the composition which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the first-mentioned particle size fraction . 39. A method according to claim 38 wherein the other particle size fraction is present in an amount of 30-45% by volume of the composi¬ tion which is not occupied by the densely packed particles of the fi rst-mentioned particle size fraction . 40. A method according to claim 35 or 36 wherein the composition comprises three particle size fractions with gap grading between the fractions, the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed, the medium particle size fraction being homogeneously distri¬ buted between the particles of the densely packed coarsest fraction , and the particles of the finest fraction being homogeneously distri¬ buted between the homogeneously distributed medium size particles . 41 . A method according to claim 40 wherein the particles of the me¬ dium sized particle fraction are densely packed between the densely packed coarsest particles . 42. A method according to claim 35 or 36 wherein the composition comprises fou r or more particle size fractions with gap grading be¬ tween the fractions, the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed, and the other particle size fractions being densely packed or homogeneously distributed in the remaining space of the composition . 43. A method according to any of claims 35-42 wherein the particles comprise a particle fraction with densely packed particles of a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0. 1-100 μm, preferably in the range of 1 -50 μm. 44. A method according to claim 43 wherein the particles comprise a particle fraction with particles of a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm, in particular in the range of 0.01 -0.5 μm. 45. A method according to any of claims 43 or 44 wherein the particle fraction which is densely packed is present in an amount of 40-70% by volume, calculated on the total composition . 46. A method according to claim 45 wherein the particle fraction which is densely packed is present in an amount of 50-60% by volume, calculated on the total composition . 47. A method according to any of claims 40-46 wherein the coarsest of the particle size fractions being densely packed comprises inorganic particles . 48. A method according to claim 47 wherein the coarsest of the par¬ ticle size fractions being densely packed comprises non-metallic par¬ ticles . 49. A method according to any of claims 35-46 wherein all the par- tides size fractions comprise inorganic particles-. 50. A method according to claim 49 wherein all the particle size frac¬ tions comprise non-metallic pa rticles . 51 . A method according to any of claims 35-50 in which the additional bodies are bodies selected from natu ral aggregates such as the basalt group, such as andesite, basalt, basalt porphyrites, diabase, doleri¬ te, epidiorite, hornblende-schist, lamprophyre, quartz dolerite, spilite, teschenite and theralite; the flint group, such as chert and flint; the gabbro group such as basic diorite, basic gneiss, gabbro, hornblende rock, norite, periodotite, picrite and serpentine; the porphyry group, such as aplite, dacite, felsite, g ranophyre, kerato- phyre, microgranite, porphyry, quartz-porphyrite, rhyolite and trachyte; the granite group, such as gneiss, granite, g ranodiorite, granulite, pegmatite, quartz diorite and syenite; the limestone group, such as dolomite, limestone and marble; the quartzite group, such as ganister, quartzitic sandstone and recrystallized quartzite; the schist group such as phyllite, schist and slate; sand and/or gravel ; from glass ; from artificial lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, shale or slate; perlite; vermiculite; expanded blast-fu rnace slag; clinker aggregate and breeze; sintered pulverized fuel ash such as Lytag; expanded glass such as Expanver; from natural heavy-weight aggregates such as baryte, magnetite, limonite, hematite, goethite and ilmenite; from artificial heavy-weight aggregates such as steel , ferro- phosphorous, lead and other metallic materials; or from the group consisting of fireclay grog having a content of alumina between 20 and 45%, silicious grog with more than 75% SiO~, mullite grog, sili- manite grog, andalusite grog, spinel grog, cromium oxide grog, zirconium oxide grog and calcined bauxite, high alumina materials such as electrocast, sintered, calcined or fused alumina, tabular alumina , aluminous shale, zi rconium oxide, zi rcon , cromium oxide and silicon carbide, magnesia clinker, forsterite, ch rome mineral , carbo¬ naceous materials such as dolomite, silica sand, silica stone and agalmatolite. 52. A method according to any of claims 35-51 in which additional bodies in the form of fibers such as natu ral fibers , including cellulose fibers, sisal fibers, hemp fibers, cotton , wool , jute, fibers prepared from natural fibers such as acetate fibers, triacetate fibers, viscose rayon fibers or filaments, spun rayon fibers or filaments, silk fila¬ ments , synthetic fibers, including plastic fibers such as polyamide 6 fibers, polypropylene filaments, fibrillated polypropylene, nylon fibers or filaments, dacron fibers or filaments, orlon fibers or filaments, polyester fibers or filaments, acryl fibers or filaments, polyethylene fibers or filaments , Kevlar fibers or filaments , glass fibers such as A-glass fibers or filaments, E-glass fibers or filaments, S-glass fibers or filaments, 2285 fibers or filaments, 970 S fibers or filaments, quartz fibers or filaments, mineral wool fibers, metal fibers such as steel 1 , steel 2, stainless steel , aluminum fibers, titanium fibers , beryllium fibers, manganese fibers or copper, polycrystalline fibers such as carbon 1 fibers, carbon 2 fibers, carbon 3 fibers, graphite 1 fibers, graphite 2 fibers, graphite 3 fibers, multiphase fiber such as boron on wolfram fibers or filaments, boron on carbon fibers, boron on silicon fibers or silicon carbide on wolfram fibers or filaments, alumina fibers (safil) , silicon carbide fibers, mullite fibers, SiC/- B/tungsten filaments, graphite filaments, carbon filaments, refractory steel filaments', sapphire (aluminium oxide) fibers, asbestos fibers, amosite fibers, crysotite fibers, krokydolite fibers, boron nitride fibers, boron fibers, boron carbide fibers, Sil . -Temp. fibers, Refra- site fibers, Fiberfrax fibers, Caowool fibers, zirconium dioxide fibers, Tipersul fibers, Kionite J-M fibers, Fran klin fibers, aluminium oxide whiskers, silicon carbide whiskers, beryllium oxide whiskers, boron carbide whis kers, silicon nitride whiskers, magnesium oxide whiskers, titanium dioxide whiskers, quartz whiskers , aluminium, nitride whis¬ kers, graphite whiskers, and polycrystalline steel whis kers are incor¬ porated in the composition subjected to the shear mixing, or are incorporated in an additional shaping process . 53. A method according to claim 52 in which the fibers are incorpo¬ rated in an amount of 0. 1 -50% by volume, preferably 0. 1 -25% by vo¬ lume, more preferably 1 -15% by volume, such as about 5-10% by vo¬ lume of the total composition . 54. A method according to any of claims 35-53 wherein the particles comprise particles which are capable of hardening by partial dissolu- tion in the processing matrix, chemical reaction in the dissolved phase, and precipitation of a reaction product forming bonds between the particles . 55. A method according to claim 54 in which the particles which are capable of hardening by partial dissolution in the processing matrix , chemical reaction in the dissolved phase, and precipitation of a re¬ action product forming bonds between the particles are selected from the group consisting of Portland cement such as Portland clin ker cement, calcium silicate, ordinary Portland cement, rapid-hardening Portland cement, super rapid-hardening Portland cement, quick-set¬ ting Portland cement, white Portland cement, coloured Portland cement, waterproof Portland cement, hydrofobic Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, sulphate- resisting Portland cement, low-al kali Port¬ land cement, Portland clinker cement, Kϋhl cement, iron ore cement and Ferrari cement; or aluminous cement such as high alumina cement, calcium mono-aluminate cement, calcium di-aluminate cement and sili- co-aluminous cement; or magnesia cements such as magnesium oxy- chloride or Sorel cements and magnesium oxysulphate cement; calcium germanate cements such as calcium orthogermanate and tricalcium germanate; strontium silicate cements such as tri- and di-strontium silicate; strontium aluminate cements such as tri and mono-strontium aluminates and strontium di-aluminate; barium silicate cements such as tri- and di-barium silicate; barium aluminate cements such as tri- and mono-barium aluminate; blended cements such as granulated blast furnace slag cements, slag cements, Portland blast furnace cements, supersulphated cements, pozzolane cements and fly ash cements ; and steelworks slag such as calcium mono-aluminate steelworks slag, calcium di-aluminate steelworks slag, and calcium silico-aluminate steelworks slag, and/or al kaline-earth oxide which has been calcined at very high temperature and selected from the sub-group consisting of magnesia, dolomite, calcium oxide and barytes . 56. A method according to claim 55 in which the particles which are capable of hardening by partial dissolution in the processing matrix, chemical reaction in the dissolved phase, and precipitation of a react- ion product forming bonds - between the particles comprise particles of a high aluminous cement containing 50-85% of alumina . 57. A method according to. any of claims 35-56 in which the composi¬ tion comprises homogeneously distributed fine particles with a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm which are par¬ ticles of a material which is capable of hardening by partial dissolu- tion in the processing matrix, chemical reaction in the dissolved phase and precipitation of a reaction product forming bonds between the particles . 58. A method according to any of claims 35-57 in which the composi¬ tion comprises homogeneously distributed fine organic particles with a weight average mean particle size in the range of 0.005-10 μm, pre¬ ferably in the range 0.05-1 μm, the particles being capable of forming films on drying . 59. A method according to claim 57 or 58 in which the homogeneously distributed fine particles with- a weight average mean particle size in the range of 20A-1 μm comprise particles as ^ stated in claim 55 and/or particles selected from artificially produced pyrogenic, precipitated, vapour phase deposited or spray-dried fine particles comprising halides, such as fluoride, chlorides, bromates, and iodates; oxides; sulfides; sulphates; or sulphites; nitrates; nitrites; or phosphates of di-, tri- or polyvalent cations of the groups 2a-4a and/or 3b-7b and/or 8 of the Periodic Table of Elements, such as di-valent be¬ ryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; trivalent boron , aluminium, iron , cobalt and nickel ; and tetravalent silicon , germani¬ um, tin , titanium and zirconium, including pyrogenic, vapour phase deposited or precipitated fine silica, such as silica aerosols and hy¬ drosols, spray-dried calcium sulphates and/or calcium sulphites, optionally containing a fraction of coarser particles comprising a glass phase, such as waste products from desulphurization of combustion gases by the lime method, - silica and/or silicates, such as aluminium silicates, calcium silicates , calcium aluminium silicates precipitated aluminium silicates, jet milled cement, calcium carbonates, condensed silica fume, treated waste products such as rice husk ash, and/or fly ashes and/or slags, or naturally occurring fine particles . 60. A method according to any of claims 35-59 in which the proces- sing matrix comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersable polymer and water. 61 . A method according to claim 60 in which the water-soluble or water-dispersable polymer is selected from latexes (colloidal aqueous emulsions of elastomers) , water-soluble resins, resin derivatives, and cement-dispersing agents known as concrete superplasticizers . 62. A method according to claim 54 in which the polymer is a polymer or a combination of polymers selected from guar gum; sodium alginate; gum arabic; gum tragacanth ; locust bean gum; acrylamide polymer, methacrylamide polymer; copolymers of acrylamide and methacrylamide; polyacrylamide/vinyl copolymers; acrylic acid and methacrylic acid polymers and copolymers; ethylene oxide polymers and polyethylene glycol ; methyl cellulose or al kyl celluloses ; methyl cellulose, hydroxy- ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxy¬ butyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyal kylcarboxyalkyl cellulose; polyethyleneimines, polyvinyl alcohol , and copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and copolymers thereof, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxylic polymers and copolymers , carboxypolymethylene, maleic copolymers, . polyvinyl ethyl ether, u rea-formaldehyde polyoxyal kylene/polyu rethane-copolymer, alkyds, butadienes, epoxide resins, fluoro polymers, formaldehyde polymers, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyurethane products , emulsion elastomers : styrene/butadiene copolymers, with widely varying ratio between styrene and butadiene, acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers , acryloni- trile/butadiene/styrene copolymers, silicone rubbers, suitable addition copolymers, . including copolymers of methyl methacrylate with meth¬ acrylic acid, acrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or similar unsatu rated carboxylic acid; copolymers of methyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyIhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and similar- esters of acrylic acid, together with acids of the- above type; copolymers of vinyl acetate with esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid or similar unsatu rated acids, subsequently modified to produce carboxylic groups; copolymers of vinyl acetate with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and similar unsatu rated acids or salts of these acids; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, or similar unsatu rated acids, and which can also include, as monomers, esters of these acids; copoly- mers of anhydrides of unsatu rated acids, such as maleic acid, with suitable unsaturated monomers, such as styrene, diisobutylene, vinyl ethyl ether; partially hydrolyzed polymers and copolymers of acryl¬ amide, methacrylamide, and acrylonitrile; graft copolymers of poly- ethylene oxide with copolymers of acrylic acid, methylacrylic acid, etc. , and methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and cement-dispersing agents known as concrete superplasticizers, in particular medium molecular weight polymers such as metal salts, e. g . alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, of sulphonated naphthalene or melamine formalde- hyde condensates or their parent acids or amide derivatives thereof or higher molecular weight polymers thereof. 63. A method according to claim 62 in which the polymer is a polymer based on acrylic acids or salts or another polymer having pending carboxylic acid groups or derivatives thereof linked to a backbone. 64. A method according to claim 63 in which the carboxy group of the polymer has been modified into an amide group. 65. A method according to any of claims 56-64 in which the pro¬ cessing matrix contains a defoaming agent compatible with the polymer or polymers in question . 66. A method according to any of claims 56-65 in which the proces¬ sing matrix contains a plasticizer compatible with the polymer or polymers in question . 67. A method according to any of claims 56-66 in which the polymer has a molecular weight of at least 5000, preferably at least 10,000, and more preferably at least 15, 000 g/mole. 68. A method according to any of claims 35-67 in which the shear mixing process is performed at reduced pressu re. 69. A method according to any claims 35-68 in which the shear strain velocity applied is larger than 1 , preferably larger than 2, in . par- ticular larger than 10 and preferably at least 10 2 sec . 70. A method according to claim 69 in which the shea r strain velocity is larger than 10 3 sec . 71 . A method according to any of claims 35-70 in which the high shear mixing conditions are obtained by subjecting the composition to extrusion , rolling, treatment in a high shear mixer or continuous mixing . 72. A method according to any of claims 35-71 in which the final shaping is performed by extrusion , injection mou lding, compression , rolling, blowing or modelling . 73. A method according to any of claims 35-72 in which the solidifica¬ tion is performed at a temperatu re in the range of 0-80°C, in parti¬ cular at a temperatu re in the range of 20-80°C. 74. A method according to any of claims 35-73 in which the solidifica¬ tion is performed by heat curing in the temperatu re range of 80-120°C . 75. A method according to any of claims 35-74 in which the solidifica¬ tion is performed by autoclaving at a temperatu re in the range of 120-400°C. 76. A method according to any of claims 73-75 in which the shaped article is kept at elevated temperature, such as a temperature of about 80°C, for a period of between a few hours and several days after the solidification . 77. A method according to any of claims 35-76 in which the matrix of the article produced has a modulus of ruptu re of at least 25 MPa when measured on extruded bars with a diameter of 7 mm. 78. A method according to any of claims 35-77 in which the matrix of the article produced has a modulus of ruptu re of at least 40 MPa when measu red on extruded bars with a diameter of 7 mm . 79. A method according to any of claims 35-78 in which the matrix of the article produced has a modulus of. ruptu re of at least 50 MPa when measu red on extruded bars with a diameter of 7 mm . 80. A method according to any of claims 35-79 in which the matrix of the article produced has a modulus of ruptu re of at least 60 MPa when measu red on extruded bars of a diameter of 7 mm . 81 . A method according to any of claims 35-80 in which the amount of pores above 100 μm in the matrix of the article produced is below 2%- of the total volume of the matrix . 82. A method according to any of claims 35-81 in which the amount of pores above 100 μm in the matrix of the article produced is below 0.5% of the total volume of the matrix . 83. A method according to any of claims 35-82 in which the amount of pores above 15 μm in the_.matrix of, the article produced is- at the most 2% by volume; preferably at the most 0.5%. by volume. 84. A method according to any of claims 35-83 in which the volume of pores of more than 10 μm in the matrix of the article produced is at the most 2% by volume, preferably at the most 0.5% by volume. 85. A method according to any of claims 35-84 in which the volume of pores of more than 5 μm in the matrix of the article produced is at the most 2% of the matrix, preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 86. A method according to any of claims 35-85 in which the volume of pores of more than 1 μm in the matrix of the article produced is at the most 2% of the matrix, preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 87. A method according to any of claims 35-86 in which the volume of pores of more than 0.5 μm in the matrix of the article produced is at the most 2% of the matrix, preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 88. A method according to any of claims 35-87 in which the volume of pores of more than 0. 1 μm in the matrix of the article produced is at the most 2% of the matrix, preferably at the most 0.5% of the matrix . 89. A method according to any of claims 35-88 in which the total amount of pores in the matrix of the article produced is below 20%, preferably below 10%, and more preferably below 5%, of the total volume of the matrix . 90. A method according to any of claims 35-89 in which the article produced is a tube, a profile, a plane or cu rved (e. g . corrugated) sheet, an insulator, a component in a machine or a tool for machines, a household utensil , an industrial utensil , components used for acoustic damping or damping of vibrations, components for electro¬ magnetic shieldings, composite armour for military vehicles and buildings, or electrical fittings . 91 . A method according claim 90 in which the article produced is se¬ lected from the group consisting of pipe linings, masts, drain pipes or gutter pipes , sewage pipes, low-pressu re pipes, transport pipes, roofing sheets, sills, copings, door or window frames, kitchen equip¬ ment, skirting boards or floor panels, press tools, grinding members, cladding sheets, fireproof doors, insulation members, table tops, wear plates or sheets, wearing bars, floor and wall clinkers or tiles, lining members, protective casing, transport channels, roof elements, ma¬ chine frames, pump components, screw ends and wearing parts for same, conveyor screws, wearing parts for cement mills, vacuum tools, press tools, pressure die-casting tools, blowing tools for plastics, gear boxes, bearing housings or casings, transport rollers, conveyor frames , components for agricultu ral tools , springs, kitchen sin ks and emptying sinks, sanitary appliances, winding stai rs, sun cell arrays, household utensils (to replace cured plastic) , garden fu rniture, art production , decorative sheets, loud speaker enclosu res, tu rntables, tape decks and cabinets, cryogenic gas and liquid containers and pipes, Xray resistant panels, waste and radioactive waste containers, filter beds, and filtration devices .

Inventors: BACH THORKILD, BACH, THORKILD
Applicants: AALBORG PORTLAND CEMENT, AKTIESELSKABET AALBORG PORTLAND-CEMENT-FABRIK
Application year: 1986
Main classification: C04B24
IPC codes: C04B14, C04B20, C04B24, C04B28, C04B40