THERMAL TRANSFER INK FORMULATION AND MEDIUM AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

Abstract: A thermal transfer medium (20) includes a substrate (22) and a coating (24) thereon comprising a mixture of amide wax, synthetic or natural wax, polyethylene and petroleum hydrocarbon resin, with magnetic or nonmagnetic particles (26) contained therein. The medium is prepared in a two stage process, including the preparation of a specific wax emulsion and the preparation of a transfer coating, to provide precise and well defined human or machine readable characters (32).

Description: THERMAL TRANSFER INK FORMULATION AND MEDIUM AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME Technical Field The present invention relates to a thermal transfer ink formulation and a thermal transfer medium, such as a ribbon, for use in imaging or encoding characters on paper or like record media documents which enables machine reading of the imaged or magnetic encoded characters, and to a method of producing such a transfer medium. Background Art In the printing field, the impact type printer has been the predominant apparatus for providing increased thruput of printed information. The impact printers have included the dot matrix type wherein individual print wires are driven from a home position to a printing position by individual and separate drivers, and the full character type wherein individual type elements are caused to be driven against a ribbon and paper or like record media adjacent and in contact with a platen. The-typical and well-known arrangement in a printing operation provides for transfer of a portion of the ink from the ribbon to result in a mark or image on the paper. Another arrangement includes the use of carbonless ^ paper wherein the impact from a print wire or a type element causes rupture of encapsulated material for marking the paper. Also known are printing inks which contain magnetic particles wherein certain of the particles are transferred to the record media for encoding characters in manner and fashion so as to be machine-readable in subsequent operation. One of the known encoding systems is MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) utilizing the manner of operation as just mentioned. While the impact printing method has dominated the industry, one disadvantage of this type printing is the noise level which is attained during printing operation. Many efforts have been made to reduce the high noise levels by use of sound absorbing or cushioning materials or by isolating the printing apparatus. More recently, the advent of thermal printing which effectively and significantly reduces the noise levels has brought about the requirement for heating of extremely precise areas of the record media- by use of relatively high currents. The intense heating of the localized areas causes transfer of ink from a ribbon onto the paper or alternatively, the paper may be of the thermal type which includes materials which are responsive to the generated heat. Further, it is seen that the use of thermal printing is adaptable for MICR encoding of documents wherein magnetic particles are caused to be transferred onto the documents for machine reading of the characters. The thermal transfer printing approach for use in MICR encoding of documents enables reliability in operation at the lower noise levels. In the area of thermal transfer ink formulations and thermal transfer media for use in non-impact printing, a large number of materials have been used in different quantities trying to achieve particular ends. Disclosure of Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal transfer ink formulation and a thermal transfer medium which provide a well-defined and full transfer image. Thus, according to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a thermal transfer ink formulation including a sensible material and a transfer material in a solvent, characterized in that said transfer material is a combination of an amide wax, a synthetic or natural wax, a polyethylene and a petroleum hydrocarbon resin. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a thermal transfer medium for use in non¬ impact printing comprising a substrate carrying a transfer coating which includes a sensible material, characterized in that said transfer coating includes in combination an amide wax, a synthetic or natural wax, a polyethylene and a petroleum hydrocarbon resin. According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing a thermal transfer medium for use in non-impact printing, in which a coating dispersion is applied to a substrate and thereafter dried, characterized by preparing an emulsion of an amide wax, a synthetic or natural wax and a polyethylene in a petroleum solvent, and thereafter preparing said coating dispersion by dispersing said emulsion with a petroleum hydrocarbon resin and particles of a sensible material. The thermal transfer medium according to the invention enables printing in quiet and efficient manner and the thermal magnetic transfer medium makes use of the advantages of thermal printing while encoding documents with a magnetic signal inducible ink. The medium, which may be a ribbon, comprises a thin, smooth substrate such as tissue-type paper or polyester-type plastic on which is applied a coating that generally includes a sensible material, which may be a non-magnetic or magnetic material, contained in a unique combination of waxes, polyethylene and resin. Brief Description of the Drawings Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Fig. 1 illustrates a thermal element operating with a ribbon base having a transfer coating thereon incorporating the ingredients as disclosed in the present invention; and Fig. 2 shows the receiving paper with a coating particle transferred thereto. Description of the Preferred Embodiment The transfer ribbon 20, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, comprises a base or substrate 22 of thin, smooth tissue-type paper or polyester-type plastic or like material having a coating 24 which is thermally activated and includes non-magnetic material particles or magnetic material particles 26 as an ingredient therein for use in encoding operations to enable either human or machine reading of characters, respectively. Each character that is imaged on a receiving paper 28 or like record media produces a unique waveform that is recognized and read by the reader. In the case of thermal transfer ribbons relying solely on the non-magnetic thermal printing concept, the particles 26 include conventional coloring material such as pigments, filler and dyes. As alluded to above, it is noted that the use of a thermal printer having a print head element, as 30, substantially reduces noise levels in the printing operation and provides reliability in MICR encoding of paper or like documents 28. The thermal magnetic transfer ribbon 20 enables the advantages of thermal printing while encoding the document 28 with a magnet¬ ic signal inducible ink. When the heating elements 30 of a thermal print head are activated, the encoding operation requires that a portion of the sensible material 26 on the coated ribbon 20 be completely transferred from the ribbon to the document 28 in manner and form to produce precisely defined characters 32 for recognition by the reader. The thermal transfer ribbon of the present invention is produced in a two stage process wherein the first stage includes preparation of a specific wax emulsion or formulation and the second stage includes preparation of the transfer coating or layer. A preferred wax emulsion or formulation to satisfy the first stage includes the ingredients in appropriate amounts as set forth in the following table of Example I. EXAMPLE I TABLE 1 Wax Emulsion Percent Dry Wet Range Ceramid Wax 39.5 39.5 20-60% WB-5 Wax 39.5 39.5 20-60% AC-617 Polyethylene 11.7 11.7 0-20% Piccotex-100 Resin 9.3 9.3 0-20% 100.0 100.0 Mineral Spirits 100.0 200.0 The nonvolatile materials in the above formulation equate to 50%, and it is here noted that Lacolene, or VM and P Naptha, can be substituted in place of the mineral spirits. The second stage of the process includes preparation of the magnetic thermal transfer coating wherein the following ingredients in appropriate amounts, as set forth in Table 2 of Example I, are placed into dispersion equipment such as a ball mill, a shot mill, a sand mill, or an attritor and ground for a period of approximately 20-40 minutes, or for a sufficient period of time to provide a uniform fine (3 to 5 microns size) dispersion. TABLE 2 Material Percent Dry Wet Range Iron Oxide 37.4 37.4 1-80% Wax Emulsion 50.5 101.0 10-99% (from Table 1 50% solids) Melamine Sulfonamid Resin 6.1 6.1 0-20% Codispersion 31L62 1.0 1.7 0-40% (in various aliphatic solvents at 56% solids) Slip Aid 425 1.0 5.0 0-10% (in Xylene at 20% solids) Soya Lecithin 1.0 1.0 0-10% Flexo Black X12 3.0 6.1 0-10% (in N-Propanol at 50% solids) 100.0 158.3 Mineral Spirits 79.7 238.0 Example II provides slightly different ingredients and amounts thereof, as set forth in Tables 1 and 2, for preparation of the transfer coating or layer. EXAMPLE II TABLE 1- Wax Emulsion Percent Dry Wet Range Armid C 39.5 39.5 20-60% WB-5 39.5 39.5 20-60% AC-617 11.7 11.7 0-20% Piccotex-75 9.3 9.3 0-20% 100.0 100.0 Mineral Spirits 100.0 200.0 TABLE 2 Material Percent Dry Wet Range Iron Oxide 37.4 37.4 1-80% Wax Emulsion 50.5 101.0 10-99% (from Table I) Melamine Sulfonamid Resin 6.1 6.1 0-20% Codispersion 31L62 1.0 1.7 0-40% Slip Aid 425 1.0 5.0 0-10% Soya Lecithin 1.0 1.0 0-10% Flexo Black X12 3.0 6.1 0-10% 100.0 158.3 Mineral Spirits 79.7 238.0 A polyterpene, such as Wingtack 95, may be substituted for the Piccotex -75 in Table 1. Example III further provides slightly different ingredients and amounts thereof, as set forth in Tables 1 and 2, for preparation of the transfer coating or layer. EXAMPLE III TABLE 1 Wax Emulsion Percent Dry Wet Range Ceramid 39.5 - 39.5 20-60% WB-17 39.5 39.5 20-60% AC-430 9.7 9.7 0-20% AC-617 2.0 2.0 0-20% Piccotex-100 9.3 9.3 0-20% 100.0 100.0 Mineral Spirits 100.0 200.0 TABLE 2 Material Percent Dry Wet Range Iron Oxide 30.4 30.4 1-80% Wax Emulsion 50.5 101.0 10-99% (from Table I) re .αi xnc Sulfonamid Resin 6.1 6.1 0-20% Cupric Oxide 7.0 7.0 0-40% Codispersion 31L62 1.0 1.7 0-40% Slip Aid 425 1.0 5.0 0-10% Soya Lecithin 1.0 1.0 0-10% Flexo Black X12 3.0 6.1 0-10% 100.0 158.3 Mineral Spirits 79.7 238.0 Examples IV, V and VI to follow exemplify embodiments in which the sensible material in a non¬ magnetic pigment or dye. The wax formulation to satisfy the first stage includes ingredients in appropriate amounts as set forth in the following table of Example I. EXAMPLE IV TABLE 1 Wax Emulsion Percent Dry ' wet Range Armid C Wax 37.3 37.3 20-60% WB-5 Wax 18.5 - 18.5 15-60% AC-617 Polyethylene 11.7 11.7 0-20% Piccotex-100 Resin 32.5 32.5 0-40% 100.0 100.0 Mineral Spirits 100.0 200.0 The nonvolatile materials in the above formulation equate to 50%, and it is here noted that Lacolene, or VM and P Naptha, can be substituted in place of the mineral spirits. The second stage of the process includes preparation of the thermal transfer coating wherein the following ingredients in appropriate amounts, as set forth in Table 2, are placed into dispersion equipment such as a ball mill, a shot mill, a sand mill, or an attritor and ground for a period of approximately 20-40 minutes, or for a sufficient period of time to provide a uniform fine (3-5 microns size) dispersion. TABLE 2 Material Percent Dry Wet Range Wax Emulsion 55.0 110.0 10-99% (from Table 1 50% solids) Melamine Sulfonamid Resin 6.5 6.5 0-30% Codispersion 31L62 35.0 66.1 1-60% (in various aliphatic solvents at 56% solids) - Slip Aid 425 1.0 5.0 0-10% (in Xylene at 20% solids) Soya Lecithin 0.5 0.5 0-10% Morfast Blue 2.0 4.0 0-10% (in N-Propanol at 50% solids) 100.0 192.1 Mineral Spirits 58.0 250 . 1 Example V provides slightly different ingredients and amounts thereof, as set forth in Tables 1 and 2, for preparing the transfer coating or layer. EX. AMPLI . V TABLE 1 Wax Emulsion Percent Dry Wet Range Ceramid 39.5 39.5 10-60% WB-17 39.5 39.5 10-60% Piccotex-75 9.4 9.4 0-40% AC-617 11.6 11.6 0-40% 100.0 100.0 Mineral Spirits 100.0 200.0 TABLE 2 Material Percent Dry Wet Range Wax Emulsion 70.0 140.0 10-99% (from Table 1) Cupric Oxide 10.0 10.0 0-30% Codispersion 31L62 14.0 25.0 1-60% Slip Aid 425 1.0 ' 5.0 0-10% Petrolatum 3.0 3.0 0-10% Morfast Blue 2.0 4.0 0-10% 100.0 187.0 Mineral Spirits 98.7 285.7 Example VI further provides slightly different ingredients and amounts thereof, as set forth in Tables 1 and 2 , for preparing the transfer coating or layer. EXAMPLE VI TABLE 1 Wax Emulsion Percent Dry Wet Range Ceramid 37.5 37.5 10-60% WB-17 37.5 37.5 10-60% Piccotex-75 9.4 9.4 0-40% AC-430 11.6 11.6 0-40% V Wax 4.0 4.0 0-15% 100 . 0 100.0 Mineral Spirits 100.0 200.0 TABLE 2 Material Percent Dry Wet Range Wax Emulsion 70.0 140.0 10-99% (from Table 1) Cupric Oxide 6.0 6.0 0-30% Melamine Sulfonamid Resin 1.0 1.0 0-30% Codispersion 31L62 20.0 35.7 1-60% Slip Aid 425 1.0 5.0 0-10% Morfast Blue 2.0 4.0 0-10% 100.0 191.7 Mineral Spirits 94.0 . 285.7 Armid C is a fatty acid derived-multi carbon chain lengths amide wax and Ceramid is a fatty acid derived amide wax. WB-5 and WB-17 are oxidized, isocyanated hydrocarbon waxes. V wax is a polyvinyl ether wax. AC-430 is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. AC-617 and AC-1702 are low molecular weight polyethylenes. Piccotex-75 and Piccotex-100 are hard, color stable, substituted styrene copolymer resins. Melamine Sulfonamid is an amino resin of high molecular weight made from melamine and formaldehyde. Codispersion 31L62 is a colloidal dispersion of carbon black suspended in an aliphatic solvent. Slip Aid 425 is a 20% dispersion of polymeric wax in xylene. Morfast Blue is an organic solvent system colorant in N-propanol. Soya Lecithin is a wetting agent, oil¬ like extract of soybean. Flexo Black X12 is a 50% nigrosine dispersion in alcohol. Wingtack 95 is a polyterpene resin, and Petrolatum is a non-polar, hydrophobic, biologically inert, petroleum derivative. The nonvolatile materials are controlled at 25-50% for proper viscosity. It should be noted that all ingredients are carefully weighed and solubilized in the mineral spirits using appropriate heat and agitation. After the solution is complete, it is slowly cooled to form a viscous wax dispersion to prepare a thermally active, transfer coating. The substrate or base 22, which may be 30-40 gauge capacitor tissue, manufactured by Schweitzer, or 17-35 gauge polyester film as manufactured by duPont under the trademark Mylar, should have a high tensile strength to provide for ease in handling and coating of the substrate. Additionally, the substrate should have properties of minimum thickness and low heat resistance to prolong the life of the heating elements 30 of the thermal print head by reason of reduced print head actuating voltage and the resultant reduction in burn time. The coating 24 is applied to the substrate 22 by means of conventional coating techniques such as a Meyer rod or like wire-wound doctor bar set up on a typical solvent coating machine to provide the coating weight of between 3 and 13 grams per square meter. The coating is made up of approximately 25-50% nonvolatile material and may be maintained at a desired temperature and viscosity throughout the coating process. After the coating is applied to the substrate, the web of ribbon is passed through a dryer at an elevated temperature in the range between 93 and 150 degrees C for approximately 5-10 seconds to ensure good drying and adherence of the coating 24 onto the substrate 22 in making the transfer ribbon 20. The above-mentioned coating weight, as applied by the Meyer rod onto a preferred 9-12 microns thick substrate, overall translates to a total thickness of 15-20 microns. The availability of the various ingredients used in the present invention is provided by the following list of companies. -.Material Supplier Armid C Wax Armak Chemicals Inc. Ceramid Wax Glyco Chemical V Wax BASF WB-5 Wax Petrolite Corp. WB-17 Wax ' Petrolite Corp. AC-430 Polyethylene Allied Chemical Corp. AC-617 Polyethylene Allied Chemical Corp. AC-1702 Polyethylene Allied Chemical Corp. Piccotex-100 Resin Hercules Inc. Piccotex-75 Resin Hercules Inc. Mineral Spirits Ashland Chemical Co. Melamine Sulfonamid Resin DayGlo Codispersion 31L62 Borden- Chemical Co. Slip Aid 425 Daniel Products Soya Lecithin Capricorn Chemical Morfast Blue Pylam Products Flexo Black X12 BASF Petrolatum Witco Chemical Iron Oxide BASF Cupric Oxide American Chemet Wingtack 95 Goodyear Chemical

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Thermal transfer ink formulation including a sensible material and a transfer material in a solvent, characterized in that said transfer material is a combination of an amide wax, a synthetic or natural wax, a polyethylene and a petroleum hydrocarbon resin. 2. Ink formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 1 to 80% sensible material, 20 to 60% wax, 1 to 20% polyethylene, 1 to 20% petroleum hydrocarbon resin, all by dry weight, and 60 to 80% solvent by wet weight. 3. Ink formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains amide wax and synthetic wax in a ratio from 1:1 to 2:1. 4. Ink formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains substantially equal amounts of amide wax and petroleum hydrocarbon resin. 5. Ink formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of a polyethylene wax. 6. Ink formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains 1 to 10% by weight of a wetting agent. 7. Ink formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains 1 to 60% by weight of a colloidal dispersion of carbon black in an aliphatic solvent. 8. Thermal transfer medium for use in non-impact printing comprising a substrate (22) carrying a transfer coating (24) which includes a sensible material (26), characterized in that said transfer coating (24) includes in combination an amide wax, a synthetic or natural wax, a polyethylene and a petroleum hydrocarbon resin. 9. Thermal transfer medium, according to claim 8, characterized in that said transfer coating (24) has a coating weight of 3 to 13 grams per square meter. 10. A method of producing a thermal transfer medium for use in non-impact printing, in which a coating dispersion is applied to a substrate and thereafter dried, characterized by preparing an emulsion of an amide wax, a synthetic or natural wax and a polyethylene in a petroleum solvent, and thereafter preparing said coating dispersion by dispersing said emulsion with a petroleum hydrocarbon resin and particles of a sensible material.

Inventors: BESSELMAN THOMAS P, TALVALKAR SHASHI G, BESSELMAN, THOMAS, P., TALVALKAR, SHASHI, G.
Applicants: NCR CO, NCR CORPORATION
Application year: 1986
Main classification: C09D11
IPC codes: B41M5, C09D11