HEADBOX FOR A PAPERMAKING MACHINE

Abstract: The headbox includes a slurry passage communicating with an outlet (4). Within the passage is a plurality of twisted plates (7) which extend in the direction of the passage and are not physically separated by a partition or the like. The plates are physically connected in sets to a respective plate (10, 12) and these plates may extend either vertically or horizontally with the slurry passage.

Description: The present invention relates to a headbox for a papermaking machine for continuously feeding a papermaking slurry into an endless forming screen, e.g. of wire cloth or fabric, which is rotated. Such headboxes include a slurry passage communicating with an outlet which discharges the slurry onto the screen. In order to obtain a sheet of paper which is uniform in the widthwise direction and has a high degree of strength in the lengthwise direction, the papermaking slurry must be supplied such that fibres in the slurry are spread to prevent flocking thereof and such that the fibres are oriented in the direction of the slurry flow. Figure 19 is a longitudinal sectional view of a known headbox (Japanese First Patent Publication No.93895/1980) in which a plurality of papermaking slurry feed tubes 2 are disposed parallel to one another within a headbox 1 and a ribbon-shaped twisted plate 3 is fitted into each tube 2 so that the slurry flowing through the tube 2 is caused to swirl. The slurry discharged from the slurry tubes 2 mingles together and flows out onto a screen comprising wire cloth or fabric 5 through a slice outlet 4, that is to say an outlet which is elongate in the direction of the width of the screen. When an ordinary papermaking slurry of low concentration is fed through a headbox of this type onto a wire cloth or fabric, the fibres in the slurry are satisfactorily dispersed, uniformly spread in the widthwise direction and oriented in the direction of travel of the wire cloth or fabric. However, when a highly concentrated papermaking slurry is supplied to the headbox, it is not dispersed satisfactorily and it is not possible to make homogeneous paper. For highly concentrated slurry, not only is strong agitation necessary, but the agitation should be restricted to the vicinity of the outlet, because the slurry tends to re-flock in a very short time. If the headbox shown in Figure 19 is used, it is necessary to employ a very high flow velocity through the tubes in order to obtain a satisfactory dispersion of the fibres. However, the high velocity causes substantial turbulence at the outlet of the tubes and causes streaking at the outlet, i.e. stripes on the paper. In order to stabilise the turbulence, a substantial distance is necessary between the tube outlets and the slice outlet and this results in the slurry easily flocking again. If the slurry tubes are reduced in diameter so as to suppress the turbulence, the slurry tends to clog the tubes. It is an object of the present invention to provide a headbox which can cause a papermaking slurry even of high concentration to swirl sufficiently that a sheet of paper having a uniform quality in the widthwise direction and a high degree of strength in the lengthwise direction can be fabricated. According to the present invention a headbox for a papermaking machine of the type including a slurry passage communicating with an outlet is characterised by a plurality of twisted plates which extend in the direction of the slurry passage and are not physically separated, the twisted plates being associated in a plurality of sets which are preferably connected. By virtue of the absence of a partition, tube wall or the like between the adjacent twisted plates the helical or swirling flows which are induced by the twisted plates in the papermaking slurry can interfere with one another over substantially the entire length of the twisted plates thereby causing substantially random movement of the slurry and its constituent fibres in three dimensions. In one embodiment each set of twisted plates extends from a respective base plate secured to the headbox, the base plates being horizontally arranged and vertically spaced. In an alternative embodiment each set of twisted plates extends from a respective base plate, the base plates extending vertically and being horizontally spaced. The base plates are preferably of streamlined shape and their cross-­ sectional area progressively decreases in the downstream direction whereby the slurry passages defined by the twisted plates are of increasing size. The plates affording the sets of twisted plates may be connected to the slurry passage but in alternative embodiments the plates afford a plurality of projections, each of which is accommodated in a respective slurry flow straightening tube. Further features and details of the invention will be apparent from the following description of certain specific embodiments which is given by way of example with reference to Figures 1 to 18 of the accompanying drawings, in which:­ Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of a headbox for a papermaking machine in accordance with the present invention; Figure 2a is a fragmentary view thereof on an enlarged scale; Figure 2b is a similar view of a modification thereof; Figure 3 is a perspective view of a set of twisted plates; Figure 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a modification of the first embodiment; Figure 5 is a plan view of a set of twisted plates thereof; Figure 6 is a front view of a leg of a set of twisted plates fitted into a straightening tube; Figure 7 is a schematic cross sectional view illustrating an offset arrangement of the twisted plates; Figure 8 is a perspective sectional view of a modification in which supports are provided between adjacent base plates; Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a further modification of the first embodiment; Figure 10 is a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale of the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 is a sectional view taken on the line A-­ A in Figure 10; Figure 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modification in which the height of the passage in the headbox alters; Figure 13 is a sectional view on the line B-B in Figure 12; Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modification in which the twisted plates are of differing length and pitch; Figures 15 and 16 are longitudinal sectional views of modifications in which the passage walls and/or the base plates are provided with projections and/or grooves; Figure 17 is a sectional view on the line C-C in Figure 16; and Figure 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of a further modification in which the top and bottom walls of the headbox adjacent to the outlet are formed with twisted grooves. Referring firstly to Figure 1, the headbox 1 has a slice outlet 4 at its downstream end adjacent to a screen, e.g. of wire cloth or fabric 5 which is wrapped around a roller 6 in the direction of travel of the wire cloth or fabric 5. A plurality of ribbon-shaped twisted plates 7, that is to say elongate twisted or helical strips of material, extend in the passage of the headbox adjacent to the outlet 4 in the direction of the slurry flow. The plates 7 are spaced apart by a predetermined distance and cause the papermaking slurry flowing from the inlet 8 toward the slice outlet 4 to swirl. Straightening tubes 9, which are parallel across the width of the headbox 1, are disposed upstream of the twisted plates 7 so that the slurry is uniformly distributed in the widthwise direction. As best seen in Figure 3, the plates 7 form part of a streamlined base plate 10 whose cross sectional area progressively decreases in the downstream direction. Its downstream end has a plurality of slots formed in it to define a plurality of fingers or plates 11 spaced apart in the widthwise direction. The plates 11 are twisted to form the twisted plates 7. The plates 7 are disposed in the headbox 1 by securely attaching the sides of the base plate 10 to the side walls of the headbox 1. As may be seen, the plates 7 may be present in two or more vertically spaced connected sets. As seen in Figure 2b, adjacent sets of plates 7 may be offset in the flow direction. By virtue of the reducing area of the plates 10 the width of the slurry passages between the plates 10 and the width 5 of the passages between the plates 10 and the upper and lower walls of the headbox progressively increase in the direction of the slurry flow in the headbox so that the flow velocity of the slurry decreases and thus separation of the flow of the slurry from the boundary layer occurs, resulting in turbulent flow. The turbulent slurry is forced to swirl directly by the plates 7 and the adjacent turbulent flows interfere with each other. As a result, the flow of the slurry is distributed or becomes turbulent in three dimensions so that the fibres are satisfactorily dispersed even if the papermaking slurry is of high concentration. The slurry is thus discharged through the outlet 4 on the screen 5 with a uniform composition across its width and with the fibres oriented in the direction of travel of the screen. The resulting sheet of paper is thus uniform in the widthwise direction and has a high degree of strength in the lengthwise direction. The distribution of the fibres can be freely selected by selecting the distance between adjacent plates 7, the number of vertical stages or sets of the plates, the number of longitudinal rows of the plates, the length and thickness of the plates and the sense in which the plates are twisted. Instead of the streamlined base plate 10 for providing the plates 7, a plate member with legs 12 may be used which has a plurality of parallel twisted plates 7 extending in the downstream direction as shown in Figure 5. Each leg 12 at the upstream end is securely inserted into a respective straightening tube 9, as shown in Figure 6, whereby the plates 7 are supported as shown in Figure 4. When a plurality of vertically spaced sets of twisted plates are installed in the headbox 1, the plates may be disposed immediately above one another or, as shown in Figure 7, they may be horizontally offset. The width of the plates 11 may increase or decrease gradually in the downstream direction. Alternatively the width of these plates may gradually decrease in the upstream portion and remain constant in the downstream portion. In other words, the plates 11 may be designed to produce the desired distribution of fibres in the slurry. As shown in Figure 8, spaced supports 17 may be disposed between the plates 10 to prevent deformation thereof by virtue of their own weight if the headbox is a wide one. In addition, one or more twisted plate groups may be disposed in two or more stages in the flow direction of the headbox 1, as shown in Figure 9. Figure 10 shows the second embodiment of the present invention in which the headbox 1 has a papermaking slurry passage of height H which contains vertically extending sets of twisted plates 7. A plurality of base plates 10 each of which affords a plurality of twisted plates 7, extend vertically and are spaced apart in the widthwise direction, as shown in Figures 10 and 11. The plates 7 for causing the slurry to swirl extends from the downstream end of the plates 10 toward the outlet 4. The thickness t of the plates 10 decreases in the direction of the slurry flow so that the width S of the slurry passages increases in the direction of the slurry flow, whereby the flow velocity of the slurry flowing through the passages defined between adjacent base plates 10 gradually decreases and interfering vortex flows are produced. In the embodiment shown, the twisted plates 7 are formed by twisting two plates 11 extending integrally from the downstream end of each base plate at the same pitch and in the same sense. In operation, the flow velocity of the slurry gradually decreases due to the increasing cross sectional area of the slurry passages so that the boundary layer is separated which results in turbulent flow. Thereafter the turbulent flow becomes a vortex flow because the slurry flows through the passages defined by the twisted plates which are vertically and horizontally spaced apart. The adjacent vortex flows interfere with each other so that the slurry is caused to flow randomly in three dimensions. As a consequence, the fibres are satisfactorily dispsersed and distributed even in a slurry of high concentration so that the slurry can be discharged through the outlet 4 onto the wire cloth or fabric 5 with the fibres uniformly distributed in the widthwise direction and oriented in the direction of travel of the wire cloth or fabric 5. The resulting sheet of paper is thus uniform in the widthwise direction and has a high strength in the lengthwise direction. Due to the vertical disposition of the base plates 10 there is no risk of their being deformed by their own weight. This means that there is no limit on the maximum width of the headbox 1. Furthermore, the base plates 10 straighten the flow of the slurry. The fabrication of the twisted plates is a precise manual operation and it is difficult to twist smaller plates extending from a larger base plate. However, in the second embodiment, the base plates extend vertically and are thus small so that the fabrication step is facilitated, the proportion of the plates which is defective can be reduced and their replacement is facilitated. The distance between adjacent base plates 10 and the number of stages and rows, length, pitch and twisting direction of the twisted plates 7 may be varied to control the distribution of fibres in the slurry. Figures 12 and 13 show a modification in which the height of the slurry passage in the headbox is increased from H₁ to H₂ and the thickness t of the base plates 10 initially increases at the upstream end and then decreases in the downstream direction, resulting in a gradual increase in the size of the slurry passages and each base plate 10 carries three plates 7. Figure 14 shows a modification in which the central plate 7₂ of each set of three plates is larger than the other two twisted plates 7₁ and 7₃ and has a pitch P₂ longer than the pitch P₁ of the other plates. In order to prevent the slurry from flowing straight along the top and bottom walls of the headbox 1 without being distributed, continuous or discrete projections 13 may be provided across the top and bottom walls 1a and 1b of the headbox 1 and spaced apart in the direction of the slurry flow, as shown in Figure 15. Additionally, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, continuous or discrete projections 14 and/or grooves 15 may be formed vertically on the base plates 10. Figure 18 shows a further modification in which helical grooves 16 are formed on the top and bottom walls 1a and 1b of the headbox 1 in corresponding relationship with the twisted plates 7. The effects, features and advantages of the present invention may be summarised as follows: A plurality of spaced parallel twisted plates extend in the slurry passage within the headbox adjacent to the outlet thereof and force the papermaking slurry flowing through the headbox to swirl. In addition, the adjacent swirling flows interfere with each other so that the slurry is further agitated. Even when the slurry is of high concentration, it encounters less flow resistance and the fibres in the slurry are forced to swirl and be satisfactorily dispsersed and distributed in the direction of the slurry flow. As a result, a high concentration papermaking slurry can be discharged on the wire cloth or fabric with the fibres uniformly distributed in the widthwise direction without being flocked and oriented in the direction of travel of the wire cloth or fabric.

Claims: 1. A headbox for a paper making machine including a slurry passage communicating with an outlet characterised by a plurality of twisted plates (7) adjacent to the outlet (4) which extend in the direction of the slurry passage (1) and are not physically separated, the twisted plates (7) being associated in a plurality of sets. 2. A headbox as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that each set of twisted plates (7) extends from a respective base plate (10) secured within the headbox, the base plates extending horizontally and being vertically spaced apart. 3. A headbox as claimed in claim 2 characterised by supports (17) extending between adjacent base plates (10) for preventing deflection thereof. 4. A headbox as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that each set of twisted plates (7) extends from a respective base plate (10), the base plates extending vertically and being horizontally spaced. 5. A headbox as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4 characterised in that the base plates (10) are of streamlined shape and their cross sectional area progressively decreases in the downstream direction. 6. A headbox as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that each set of twisted plates (7) extends from a respective plate whose upstream end affords a plurality of projections (12), each of which is accommodated in a respective slurry flow straightening tube (9). 7. A headbox as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised in that certain of the twisted plates (7) have a different twisting pitch to the remaining plates. 8. A headbox as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised by projections (13) and/or grooves (16) provided on the inner surface of the slurry passage. 9. A headbox as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the twisted plates (7) of adjacent sets of plates are offset in the direction of the length of the slurry passage. 10. A headbox as claimed in any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the width of the twisted plates (7) progressively changes along their length.

Inventors: ABE, KAZUMI, SHIBAMOTO, MASAJI, YAKABE, MASAHIRO, YUASA, MASAMI
Applicants: SEISHI GIJUTSU KENKYU KUMIAI
Application year: 1986
Main classification: D21F1
IPC codes: D21F1