METHOD OF PRODUCING A RANDOM FADED EFFECT ON CLOTH OR MADE-UP GARMENTS, AND THE END-PRODUCT OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH A METHOD

Abstract: The method disclosed, which can be implemented in a machine with a rotating drum (1a), features the use of granules (2), preferably pumice, impregnated with a fluid bleaching agent, which are tumbled together with the dry cloth or garments (3) in the drum for a set period of time so as to produce the requisite abrasive action on the fibres; the duration of the dry tumble will depend ultimately on the required mechanical strength and the desired colouring of the faded cloth.

Description: The invention relates to a method of producing a random faded effect on cloth or made-up garments, and to the end-product obtained by implementation of such a method. There is constant effort expended in certain fields of the present-day clothing industry on the creation of a "used", or faded look, a trend which is most noticeable in the case of garments fashioned from denim cloth. The effect is produced, in most instances, employing salts of hypochlorous acid, that is, hypochlorites. The salt most commonly used is sodium hypochlorite, made either by passing chlorine into a solution of sodium hydroxide, or by subjecting sodium chloride to electrolysis. Hypochlorites in solution (generally at between 0.2 and 0.5%) are widely used as bleaching agents, particularly in the textile industry, as the strong oxidizing properties of the ClO- anion provide a powerful whitener. Hypochlorite solutions, in their familiar forms of Javelle water, proprietory household bleaches and disinfectants etc., are similarly in widespread use as laundering aids both in the trade and at domestic level. Such substances permit of producing a uniform bleaching action on fabrics and garments, the end result of which will be discernable to a greater or lesser degree according to its duration. Subsequently, the trend has shifted toward a look featuring random faded effects. One such manifestation of this trend is the practice of stone-washing -i.e. immersing cloth in water containing no other substance than pumice. The effect it is sought to produce on denim treated by this method is one of natural fading, a "used" look characterized by the contrast between light and dark areas; in made-up garments however, the effect tends to appear on and around the seams only, whereas the shade of the remaining fabric remains substantially uniform. Attempts have been made to produce a more authentic look, using the same stone-washing method and adding sodium hypochlorite. Whilst it is true that cuts in process time have been enabled by adopting such an expedient, the end-result is much the same as that of the original stone-wash, with the fade confined to the seams of the garment. Accordingly, the object of the method disclosed is that of producing a random faded effect on fabrics or made-up items of clothing, the essential feature of which consists in the appearance of a plurality of irregular patches that vary in intensity of colour shading and are distributed in a non-uniform manner over the entire expanse of the cloth, or garment. The stated object is realized by implementation of the method disclosed, which is characterized in that it comprises the steps of impregnating granules of coarse, permeable material having a high absorption characteristic, with a substance possessing powerful bleaching properties, then placing the impregnated granules and the cloth or garments together in a rotatable drum, dry-tumbling the cloth and granules together by rotating the drum for a set period of time, recovering or disposing of the granules following their separation from the faded cloth or garments, and neutralizing the residual bleaching agent held in the cloth by way of a normal wash cycle. According to the invention, the operations in which the granules are recovered and residual bleaching agent neutralized may be implemented either in the sequence stated, or in reverse order. Utilizing granulated pumice of sufficient roughness with a texture such as will permit high absorption of a powerful bleaching agent (e.g. hypochlorite), and running the machine dry for a given period of time commensurate with the type of appearance and the strength of the cloth required, one produces a dual fading action: mechanical, inasmuch as the coarse surface of the pumice granules performs an abrasive action on the fibres of the cloth; and chemical, produced by the bleaching agent with which the granules are impregnated. According to the method disclosed, bleaching occurs only on those areas of the cloth in contact with the pumice granules, and one thus obtains a random faded effect over the extire expanse of the cloth being treated, whether in bulk or made up already into garments. The invention will now be described in detail, by way of example, with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which: fig 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overall fading process, comprising the steps of the method disclosed, and steps which might precede those of the method; fig 2 is the side view of equipment utilized in the method's implementation, seen in a first typical operating position; fig 3 is a perspective of the equipment illustrated in fig 2, seen in a second typical operating posit­ ion; fig 4 is further a side view of the equipment illus­ trated in fig 2, seen in a third typical operating position; fig 5 shows a different embodiment of the equipment illustrated in figs 2, 3 and 4, seen in one of the three operating positions; fig 6 shows the equipment of fig 5 in a further op­ erating position; figs 7 and 8 are examples of the effects produced on denim fabric by adoption of the method disclosed, illustrating an expanse of cloth without seams, and with seams, respectively. In terms of fundamental concepts, it can be asserted safely that the artificial fading of cloth has been accomplished conventionally hitherto by adopting chemically aggressive and, where pumice has been used, mechanically aggressive production media. What is more, the chemically aggressive effects as produced, say, by sodium hypochlorite, have remained within certain limits by reason of the fact that the chemical must necessarily be diluted in the water with which the process machine is filled. By contrast, the method described herein envisages a combined chemically and mechanically aggressive action the results of which are highly effective. Before being subjected to the fading process proper, cloth may undergo conventional treatment stages as indicated in fig 1, whether as bulk fabric pure and simple, or already made up into garments. A denotes pressing, B denotes softening by being put to soak in hot water (50...60 °C), and C denotes drying; all three operations would be carried out using standard production media. The fourth stage, denoted D, is divided substantially into three steps D1, D2 and D3, and it is these that constitute the essential subject matter of the disclosure. In step D1, granules 2 of a permeable substance are impregnated with a powerful bleaching agent; the granules are coarse, and will ensure a particularly high rate of absorption provided that the bleaching agent is liquid. Step D2 indicates placing of the bleach-impregnated granules 2 in the rotating drum 1a of the process machine 1, which will be run dry for a given period of time that is dependent in practice upon the mechanical properties of the cloth and the desired fade effect, (approximately 5 min., in the applicant's experience). Step D2 being completed, one has implementation of step D3, which is that of recovering the granules 2, or alternatively, disposing of them. The granules 2 may be obtained from common pumice, and ordinary sodium hypochlorite could provide the powerful bleaching properties, though the field of choice is not limited to these two substances by any means. For instance, the granules 2 could be formed from a coarse paper-based material, and dissolved once its mechanical and chemical action has been performed, either by flooding the self-same drum of the process machine 1 with water once the fading cycle is terminated, or transferring the contents of the drum to another machine installed in line with the process machine. Adopting this particular expedient, the granules can be disposed of rather than recovered, though clearly enough, the adoption of pumice renders recovery desirable since the granules can be newly impregnated with a fresh supply of bleaching agent and re-used in subsequent cycles of treatment. Block E in fig 1 denotes a further stage in which residual traces of the bleaching agent held in the cloth (sodium hypochlorite, or whatever substance is used) are neutralized; this would be brought about, using hydrogen peroxide for instance, in a normal wash-soak-and-dry sequence. Practical experiment has shown that when a suitable quantity of coarse, bleach-impregnated granules, say, common pumice stones, are placed in the rotary process machine during stage D, the combination of a singularly high capacity for mechanical and chemical aggression, coupled with the dry and random contact brought about between cloth and stones, is such as to permit of obtaining sharp differences in colour shading at the areas where contact occurs. At all events, the overall faded effect produced on the fabric or the made-up garment appears non-uniform, irregular. The method disclosed can be implemented by means of a machine 1 with a rotating drum, that may be tilted forward (see fig 4) to the end of dumping the cloth or garments 3 from its loading hatch 11, and is used in conjunction with an item of auxiliary equipment that occupies at least three stations in turn: a first denoted 4, at which granules 2 are collected and impregnated, a second denoted 5, from which the impregnated granules 2 are discharged into the drum 1a, and a third denoted 6, serving for recovery or disposal of the granules 2 following each cycle. The three stations, which in effect are the typical operating configurations assumed by the machine and the equipment, are illustrated in figs 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The equipment consists substantially in a simple structure comprising a bin 7 having an open top 8 and at least one side 9 set at a raked angle. In a preferred embodiment, the bin 7 will be fitted with nozzles 10 from which sodium hypochlorite contained, say, in a tank-and-pump unit 20 fitted to the bin, can be sprayed at the granules. The bin 7 moves from a first, lowered position in which the machine 1 stands upright (the first station 4 illustrated in fig 2) to a second, raised position (the second station 5 illustrated in figs 3 and 6) in which the structure is rotated so that the raked side 9 of the bin is angled downward and toward the hatch 11 of the machine in order that the granules 2 may be discharged into the drum 1a containing the cloth or garments 3 to be faded. From the second position, the bin 7 is once again lowered to the third and last position (see figs 4 and 5), in which the machine 1 is tilted forward to the end of dumping the faded cloth, together with the granules 2 if these are to be recovered. Rotational movement of the bin 7 is produced by a conventional actuator 13, which in the embodiment illustrated is a fluid power cylinder. In the event of the granules 2 being recovered, and therefore requiring separation from the cloth, the equipment will comprise a riddle 12, hinged to the frame of the process machine 1 and operated by the actuator 13. In a preferred embodiment, the riddle 12 can be attached both to one side of the bin 7 and across its open top 8 (see figs 3 and 4). With the side of the bin 7 hooked over the riddle 12, the riddle itself serves to support the bin 7, with its charge of granules 2, during impregnation and upward rotation toward the second, or discharge position (see fig 3) from where the granules will ultimately roll down through the hatch 11 of the machine 1 and into the rotating drum 1a. With the riddle 12 then positioned over the open top 8 of the bin (fig 4), one is provided with a grille through which granules separated from the cloth or garments 3, post cycle, can drop into the bin. These same granules will then be re-impregnated with sodium hypochlorite and used in the next cycle. It will be seen that the hatch 11 of the machine 1 is provided with surrounds 21 to assist passage of the granules and the cloth. Figs 5 and 6 show an alternative embodiment of the same equipment, which is designed to reduce manning requirements. In this instance, the bin 7 remains permananently associated with the actuator 13, whilst the riddle 12, instead of becoming separated totally from the bin, simply slides in relation to the open top 8 from a first position, in which the bin is uncovered, to a second position in which it fully occupies the open top; the first, clearly enough, is that in which the open top 8 of the bin 7 remains unobstructed and the granules 2 are afforded passage into the machine 1, whereas the second is that assumed for the purpose of recovering the granules 2 separated from cloth or garments 3 dumped by the machine on completion of the fading process.

Claims: 1) A method of producing a random faded effect on cloth or made-up garments, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: -impregnating granules (2) of coarse, permeable material having a high absorption characteristic, with a substance possessing powerful bleaching properties; -placing the impregnated granules and the cloth or garments (3) together in a rotatable drum (1a); -dry-tumbling the cloth (3) and the granules (2) together by rotating the drum (1a) for a set period of time; -recovering or disposing of the granules following their separation from the faded cloth or garments; -neutralizing the residual bleaching agent held in the cloth by way of a normal wash cycle. 2) Method as in claim 1, wherein the granules (2) are obtained from pumice, and the substance possessing powerful bleaching properties is a hypochlorite in solution, preferably sodium hypochlorite. 3) Method as in claim 1, wherein the granules (2) are obtained from coarse paper-based material, and the substance possessing powerful bleaching properties is a hypochlorite in solution, preferably sodium hypochlorite. 4) Method as in claim 1, wherein the set period of time for which granules (2) and cloth (3) are tumbled together is commensurate with the required strength and appearance of the faded cloth, and wherein the granules (2) produce a dual fading action that is mechanical on the one hand, due to the hap-hazard, abrasive contact brought about between the coarse surface of the granules and the fibres of the cloth, and chemical on the other, by reason of the contact between the cloth or garment and the bleaching agent with which the granules are impregnated, and which creates a visual effect consisting in irregular patches of dissimilar colour shading distributed at random over the entire expanse of the cloth or the garment (3) treated. 5) An end-product obtained by implementation of the method of claim 1, wherein the faded appearance created is non-uniform, exhibiting irregular patches of dissimilar colour shading obtained as a result of the random abrasive action produced by granules of coarse material impregnated with a fluid bleaching agent.

Inventors: RICCI, FRANCESCO
Applicants: GOLDEN TRADE S.R.L.
Application year: 1986
Main classification: D06F35
IPC codes: D06M11, D06P5, D06L3, D06M23, D06F58, D06B11, D06F35, D06C11, C11D11