APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A VARIETY OF VIDEO WIPE BORDERS

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating waveform signals for the production of a variety of borders for video wipes by varied processing of the output of a ramp generator (10).

Description: Apoaratus And Method For Producing A Variety of Video Wipe Borders This invention relates generally to the selective formation of an output video signal from at least two input video signals. This invention further relates to switching between video signals using a switching technique called a wipe, and more particularly to transition oounαary of a wipe, called a border. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A finished video presentation is rarely one continuous scene shot from one camera. More commonly, video presentations are a series of short scenes assembled together through an edit process to form the final presentation. Unlike motion picture film which is edited by physically cutting and splicing film segments together, video material is edited by electronically cutting and splicing together segments of video signals. A video switcher is an electronic device used by the video industry to execute a form of editing wherein video material from a variety of sources are assembled into a finished video presentation. Video material is provided to the video switcher in the form of input viαeo signals from a variety of video sources, such as video tape - recorders, optical disk plays, and video cameras. The video switcher typically selects for presentation as an output video signal one or more of che mput video signals from the available video sources. This selection is accomplished by switching from one input video signal to anotner signal, with the time of occurrence of the switch operator. This output video signal is utilized in a variety of ways, such as recording by a video tape recorder, displaying on a video monitor, or broadcasting to viewers. This switch between input video sources can take many forms and often involves several different switching techniques. The most straight forward of the switching techniques is the simple between different video signal sources. In such switchers, the output of the switcher is instantaneously switched between the input video signals and only one of the input video signals is present at any one instant at the SUBSTITUTE SHEET output of the switcher. To a viewer of the output signal displayed on a monitor or television receiver, the display changes instantaneously from one input video signal to the other different input video signal. ■ Another technique of effecting a switch between video sources is called a dissolve. A dissolve is a gradual transition between different video signals, with the different video signals appearing simultaneousl in the output provided for display during part of the transition interval. The gradual transition of accomplished through adjustable video signal gain controllers, commonly, variable attenuators, and signal combiner, which additively combine and present to an output the gain adjusted video signals provided by the gain controllers. Usually, a dissolve begins with the output video signal being entirely composed of a first input video signal. At a rate determined by the operator, the gain on the first input video signal is reduced to zero, while the gain on a second input video signal is raised from zero to the level originally set for the first signal. To a viewer of the output signal displayed on a monitor, the picture based on the first input signal appears to d m, while the picture based on the second input video source appears very dim at first and then appears to brighten until only the picture based on the second input video source is visible. At the midpoint of the switch, both signals are at an equal gain of one half and the pictures resulting from the displays of the signals are both visible at simultaneously on the monitor, each at one-half its normal orightness. Yet another technique of effecting a switch between video sources is called a wipe. A wipe is created by the generating a control signal which is used by a video mixer to switch between input video signals on a line by line basis, such that a line of output video may be composed of parts of both input video signals. This control signal is usually base on the output of ramp generators which are process by a ramp comDiner, which manipulates the ramps and then combines them so as to from a variety of control signals. During a wipe, both input video signals are present in the output video signal. Unlike a dissolve, where both complete input signals, at reduced gains, are additively combined to form the output video signal, m a wipe both signals are used at full gain, but only part of each signal corresponding to spatial segments of a display are present in the output video signal. SUBSTITUTE SHEET Generaliy, the input video signais αo not coexist in the same display spatial segment corresponding to the part of the output viαeo signal. This concept is better understood from the standpoint of viewing tne αispϊay of tne output signai on a monitor. The wipe often begins with a first input video signal, when displayed on a monitor, spatially occupying the entire display area of the monitor. As the wipe progresses, the second input video signal displaces the first input video signal, spatially, in part of the display area of the monitor. The area displaying the second input video signal grows according to a selected pattern as the area displaying the first input video signal reduces according to a corresponding pattern, with the patterns determined according operator inputs. The wipe is completed when the display area on the monitor is entirely occupied by a display of the second input video signal. A control signal is used to prevent coupling to the output input video signals areas that are not to be displayed on the monitor. This control signal is simply on or off. When on, the input signal is coupled to tne output, and when off, the input signal is prevented from oeing coupied to the output. 3ecause one of the input video signals is presented at tne output viαeo signai of tne switcher, the control signal for zee first input video signai is reverse of the control signal for tne seconα inout viαeo signai . An example or a simple wipe is tne vertical i me wipe. When viewed on a monitor, a transition oounαary, in tne form of a vertical iine Detween display areas on the monitor, defines the separation Detween the displays of the the first and second input viαeo signals. As the vertical line wipe is executed, this transition boundary moves horizontally across the αisplay area wiping from a picture based on the first input video signai to a picture σased on the second viαeo input signal. It is the form, that this transition boundary takes, that determines what type of wipe is executed. For example circle wipes have transition boundaries the form the shape of a box and circle, respectively. The greater variety of wipe a switcher can execute, enhances its value. These wipes have in common a transition boundary between the displays of the two viαeo signais. This boundary is commonly called a oorder. A border is generated oy creating control signals for each SUBSTITUTE SHEET viαeo signai, that comprise the output video signal, such that a region Detween the display areas on a monitor does not contain any input video signal. This region is filled oy the switcher wi 11 a simple mono-color video signal, internally generated by the switcher. There are a number of standard border types generated for use in creating wipe effects. The simplest type is an instantaneous transition line between two regions of a display of the video signals on a monitor. This can be referred to as a hard transition with no border. Another type is an instantaneous transition between the two regions with a colored area of variaDie width oetween them. This type of oorder is called a hard transition with a colored border. Yet another type of borαer has a dissolve-like oorder between the two regions. In this area Doth viαeo signais are present but at reduced leveis. This type of oorαer is cal-eα a soft transition with no coloreα oorder. Soft and hard transitions and colored borders can be combined in various ways to proαuce tnree other Dorαer types. A soft transition on both regions to a colored oorαer is caiied a halo oorder. A soft transition on one region to the colored oorαer and a nard transition from the other region to the colored border is called a half halo. If the Dorαer is a closed geometric figure, such as a circle or a DOX, a soft outside transition; between the region surrounding the closed geometric figure and the Dorder, and hard inside transition, Detween the border and the region inside the closed geometric figure, is called a half halo. Conversely, a nard outside and soft inside transition is referred to as a reverse haif halo. To produce tnis variety of oorder types has required complex, specialized circuitry. To the circuitry used to produce a harα color Dorαer, additional circuitry must be added to produce each desired effect. Such circuitry is expensive, Complex to αesign ana manufacture, ana difficult to maintain. Perhaps more importantly, such complex special izeα circuitry introαuced gam ana timing aiscrepancies because of their complexity ana lack of commonality in processing. These aiscrepancies αegradeα visual performance. These control signais are commonly generateα separately. When tne viαeo regions that are controlled Dy these control signals are assemoieo, they do not have clean transition boundaries, but rather, when αisplayeα on a monitor, αo not form clean transition Doundaπes. KJBSTITUTE SHEET This roαuces wipes with oaα transition regions, which is considered very unαesiraDie to the user. As a result of these proDlems, there is a need for an apparatus or method- that is less complex. Such an apparatus or method desirably aiso can generate all the required border types to allow commonality in signai processing. Further, such an apparatus or method should proviαe for a good fit between the regions on a monitor display when the input video signals are mixed in the video mixer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention overcomes these problems by producing two waveform control signals and a border waveform control signal for use in a mixer to produce a variety of borders for video wipes. The present invention generates control signals that offer excellent linearity, and handle a full selection of border types in an similar fashion to significantly reduce timing and signal gain discrepancies while keeping circuit complexity low. The present invention uses a pair of horizontal and vertical voltage ramps to produce the video wipe with the desired oorαers. A horizontal control ramp signal is prσαuced at a norizontai video rate. Similarly, a vertical control ramp signal is produced at a vertical viαeo rate. A ramp comoiner proαuces a composite waveform controi signal from tne horizontal and vertical * ramp signals. A wipe selection signal .3 useα by the ramp combiner to combine the ramps to define a particular wipe selection such as a line wipe, a box wipe, or a rotating clock wipe. The composite waveform control signal is inputted to a oase waveform generator. The term base waveform refers to a waveform signal that is the base for other signals. The generator uses this one signal ana proauces four output signals. Using a common source for all the control signals, reduces time and signal path discrepancies. It produces a first base waveform signal and a second base waveform signal and their respective inverse signals. The second base waveform signal and its inverse are increased in magnitude. The first base waveform signai and its inverse are between zero volts and a reference voltage and the second Dase waveform signai and its inverse are between minus SUBSTITUTE SHEET the reference voltage to plus the reference vol age. The base waveform generator also receives signals controlling soft or nard eαges ana the oorder width. These four base waveform control signals are inputted to a selector which selects two of the signals for final processing. The selection of signals determines what type of border is generated. Two iimiters eacn produce a video control signal by limiting the video control signals wnich are inputted to a video mixer. The purpose of the iimiter is to take aαvantage of waveform geometry in combining signais of increase magnitude with signais of normal magnitude. While tnese signais could be generated separately, commonality or processing path wouid oe lost. It is this commonality of processing that assures a gooα fit oetween regions displayed on a monitor. The method of increasing magnitude and iater limiting obviates the neeo for additional signais to oe generated Dy separate circuitry. The two video control signais are added together and subtracted from the reference voltage by the summer to form the ooroer control signal. By producing the oorder signal from the two video control signais, a good fit Detween the regions is assured, because oy definition the oorder is the remainder of the two regions. The σorder control signal is also inputted to the viαeo mixer. The video mixer, with its ouilt in coior generator and using the three viαeo control signals, proαuces an output video signal from two input video signais. arious of tne aoove-mentioned and further features and advantages wi i j * oe apparent from the specific examples αescπoed hereinDelow of an exemplary apparatus, and method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic representation of circuitry for generating signals for a variety of borαer types in accordance with this invention. Figure 2 is a taole showing various waveforms produced by the circuitry of Figure l. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to Figure 1, the following is a description of the elements of the circuit elements and their interconnection. SUBSTITUTE SHEET A sync signal 12, related to ail the video signals involved with the viαeo switcher, is feα into a horizontal and vertical ramp generator 10. This sync signai 12 can be produced either by the switcher itself or Dy a sync generator for an entire video system. Using sync signal 12 as a timing reference, the generator produces two voltage ramps, a horizontal control ramp 16 and a vertical control ramp 20. These ramps are shown in graphs 14 and 18. Video signals have both a horizontal and vertical scanning period. The horizontal ramp 14 should a have a period of the horizontal video rate, which for a standard NTSC signal is 63.5 microseconds. The vertical ramp 16 must a have a period of the vertical video rate, which for a standard NTSC signal is 16.6 milliseconds. This relationship relates to the time it takes to oo one horizontal video scan as compared to tne time it takes to do one vertical video scan. Ramp generators 12 and 14 are of common design as can be easily constructed by one skilled in tne art or can De purchased as a reaαily available integrateα circuit package. The output from the horizontal ramp generator 12, is fed into a ramp comDtner 22. Ramp comoiner 22 taxes both the horizontal and vertical ramp control signais. 16 and 20. and combines them to form a composite waveform signal ' 26. A wipe selection signal 24 is also inputted to the ramp combiner 22. The wipe control signal 24 can originate at the control panei of the switcher or be created Dy .a iogic control system. The ramp comDiner 22* produces the composite waveform signal 26 such that it defines a type of video wipe, such as a DOX wipe, a circie wipe, a rotating clock wipe, or a line wipe. Such ramp co Diners are common in the switcher art and can be constructed by a person skilled in the art. The composite waveform signal 26 from the ramp combiner 22 is feα into the output signal generator 8, which comprises all the circuitry shown in the dashed Dox. The purpose of this circuitry is to produce waveform control signals 100, 102, and 104, that are used by the viαeo mixer 90 to produce a output video signal 96. The composite waveform signal 26 is fed into the minus inputs, 36 ana 42. of variable gain, amplifiers 32 and 38. From these two paths, an I Dase control signai 37 ana an 0 oase control signai 41. are generateα. The term oase control signal refers to a signai that is the SUBSTITUTE SHEET oase for tne creation of other signals, hen a closed wipe, such as a oox or a circie wipe, is produced, tne I Dase signai is used for the inside transition line and the 0 base signai is used for the outside transition line. In wipe that is not closed, such as a line or clock wipe, the I and 0 oase signais can be used interchangeaole. Five other control signals are also used by the output signal generator 8, and are αescπbeα below. Two Dorαer width signals, 30 and 33, are fed to gain elements 43 and 44. These signals originate from the logic control system and/or the control panel. They are used to determine the width of the transition region. A wipe control signal 28 also originates from the logic control system or control panel. This signal determines the progress of the wipe on the screen. If a fader lever is used to control the wipe, this signal would have a voltage related to the position of the lever. The wipe control signal is fed through resistors, 25 and 27, and into the variable gain amplifiers, 32 and 38, along with the composite waveform signal 26. The last two signals are the I and 0 hard border signals, 29 and 31. ' These signais are used only to create hard borders Dy off-setting the I channel negatively and the 0 channel positively with respect to the wipe control signal. For other border/transition types the hard corder signals, 29 and 31. have no voltage on them ano the vaπaDie gain amplifiers, 32 and 38. will produce a soft transition line. The I and 0 harα Dorder signals, 29 and 31. are fed through resistors, 21 and 23 respectively, into the minus inputs. 36 and 42, of vaπaDie gain amplifiers 32 and 38 with the aoove mentioned signals. Variable gain amplifiers, 32 and 38, have their positive inputs, 34 and 40, tied to ground. Both the minus inputs and the outputs of variable gain amplifiers, 32 and 38, are connected to gain elements, 43 and 44, respectively. The gain elements, 43 and 44, are composed of FET transistors. The purpose of gam elements, 43 and 44, are to adjust the width of the color Dorder when one is selected. The gain elements, 43 and 44, are controlled by the Dorder width signals, 30 and 33. The outputs, 37 and 41, from the variable gain amplifiers, 32 and 38 are called the I and 0 base waveform control signals. They are fed to balanced differential amplifiers 46 and 56. Balanced SUBSTITUTE SHEET _o_ differential amplifiers, 46 and 56, serve two functions. The first function is to produce an inverted and non-inverted base waveform control signal. Balanced differential amplifier 46 produces I-, 52, which is the inverted I base waveform control signal, and I+, 50, which is the non-inverted I base waveform control signal. Balanced differential amplifier 56 produces 0-, 62, which is the inverted I base waveform control signal, and 0+, 60, which is the non-inverted I base waveform control signai. The second function of balanced differential amplifiers, 46 and 56, is to adjust the magnitude of the I and 0 base waveform control signais. This is controlled by the two A ^ . voltage inputs, 48 and 58. For balanced differential amplifier 46, hu is one half what it is for oaianceo differential amplifier 56. The effect of this difference is that output signal from balanced differential amplifier 46 is between zero and a reference voltage V, as snown in graph 51, while the output signai from balanced differential amplifier 56 is between minus the reference voltage V and plus the reference voltage V, as shown in graph 61. The reference voltage V is preferably approximately 3 volts. These four base waveform control signals, I+, 50, I-, 52, 0+, 60, and 0-, 62 are fed into 4 to 2 selector 66. The purpose of selector 66 is to select an A and B video waveform control signal, from among the four input signals according to a border selection signal 67. The oorder selection signal can originate from the control panel or logic controller of the switcher. Selector 66 can be implemented in a numDer of ways Dy a person skilled in the art, such as two 4 to 1 selectors, vnich is the preferred method. These analog selectors are commercially available integrated circuit packages. The A ana B video waveform control signais are fed into one of the inputs of inniters 68 and 70, respectively. The preferred implementa ion of limiters, 68 and 70, is Dy using an analog OR gate with one input tied to ground. The resuit of such an arrangement is to limit the A ana B video control waveforms to above zero volts. Analog gates are common in the art and can De constructed by one skilled in the art. The limited A and B video waveform signals are combined and suDtracted from the reference voltage V by border circuit 75. In border circuit 75, the limited A and B waveform control signals are connected SUBSTITUTE SHEET to an input of an operational amplifier 76 through separate resistors, 77 ana 79. Also connected to this input of operational amplifier 76, is the minus reference voltage through resistor 81, and the output of operational amplifier 76, through resistor 83. The second input t * o operational amplifier 76 is connected to ground. The output of this circuit is called the border video control signal 102. Limited A and B video signals are also fed through matched operational amplifiers, 72 and 74, respectively. The purpose of these amplifiers is to match signal paths with border video control signal 102. The output of each operational amplifier, 72 and 74, is fed back to its other input. A and B video control signals, 100 and 104, and border video waveform signal are fed to video mixer 90. Using these signais, an output video signals, an output video signal 96 is produced from an A input video signal 92 and a B input video signai 94. The output video signal 96 can oe used with a video utilization device such as a monitor, viαeo tape recorder, or a vioeo broadcast system. Referring again to Figure i, the following is an operational description of the present invention. The horizontal and vertical ramp generator 10 producesOoth a horizontal control ramp 16, shown in graph 14, and a vertical control ramp 20, shown in graph 18. These ramps are synchronized with sync signal 12. Such synchronization can easily De.accompi isheα Dy one skilled in the art. • Both control ramp signals are fed into ramp combiner 22 which combines the horizontal and vertical control ramps, 16 and 20, into a composite waveform which defines a wipe, such a line, oox or clock type wipe. The wipe selection signai, controls the type of wipe which is used. This composite waveform signal 26 is fed to the output signai generator 8. The composite waveform signal 26 is used to proαuce an I and 0 Dase waveform signais, 37 and 41, respecti ely. The composite waveform signal is feα into both voltage gain amplifiers, 32 and 38, along with the wipe control signal 28 ana I hard Doroer signai 29. and 0 hard orαer signai 31. The output of each voltage gain amplifier, 32 and 38, -i v reα into tne gain elements. 43 ana 44. and Dack into tne inputs of vol age ga amplifiers 32 and 38. The gain elements 43 and 44 are controlled Dy the I Dorαer width signal 30 and the 0 borαer width signal SUBSTITUTE SHEET 33, respectively. In operation, the wipe control signal 28 provides a voitage ramp related to the progress of the wipe, from start to finish. The I and 0 hard oorder signais, 29 and 31, are used when a hard border is αesireα. When a hard Dorder is not selected, the voltage gain amplifiers, 32 and 38, provide a sloped transition between the input video signals. When a hard Dorder is selected, there is a sharp vertical transition. The oorder width signals, 30 and 33, control the gain elements, 43 and 44, to adjust the width of the Dorder or transition region between the two input video signals. These concepts will De further explained with the description of Figure 2. The outputs of the voltage amplifiers, 32 and 38, are the I and 0 base waveform signals. If sent to the mixer at this point one of these signals could control a wipe without a border. The circuitry from this point is to produce the border control signal necessary to produce a variety of border types. The preferred method of creating these border types it to produce a variety of base waveforms and combine them to create the video control signals and the border control signal. Both I and 0 base waveform signals, 37 and 41, are fed into balanced differential amplifiers, 46 and 56. These amplifiers produce an inverted and non-inverteo output signal. Balanced differential amplifier 56 adjusts the magnitude of the 0 signal so that is Detween minus the reference voltage to pius the reference voltage. Balanced differential amplifier 46 adjust the I signai so that it is Detween zero ana plus the reference voitage. The purpose of adjusting the I and tne G signais differently is to take advantage of some simple geometric relationships tnat will oe further explained in the description of the waveforms in Figure 2. The four σase waveform signals are fed into selector 66 so that an A and B video control signals can be selected. A and B video control signals are limited below zero by analog OR gates 68 and 70. The resulting signals, 100 and 104, are sent to the video mixer 90 along with the border video control signal 102. Border video control signal 102 is produced by subtracting both A and B video control signals from the reference voltage. It is Decause the border control signal is generated from the A and B video control signals, 69 and 71, that the mixer produces a good fit between the parts of the output video picture. The A and B video control signals, 100 and 104, and the border SUBSTITUTE SHEET control signal 102 are inputted to video mixer 90. Using these signals, video mixer 90 produces an output video signal 96 from A and B input video signals, 92 and 94. Referring now to Figure 2, a table of waveforms is shown. Down the first column, labeled "Video Control Signals", are listed five signals types. The first two are the A and B video control signals, Defore being limited, which correspond to signals 69 and 71 of Figure 1. The second two are limited A ana B video control signals, 100 and 104 of Figure i. The iast signal listed is border control signai 102 of Figure 1 • The next five vertical columns are representations of the signais necessary to proαuce the described dorαers. The signals shown in cms taoie are not to scale and are oniy representati e of the signal snapes that may oe used to create a variety of wipes. Al 1 tne waveforms are cased on the control of one raster scan for each input video. These signais wouiα De used to turn off and on the raster scan for the related viαeo input signai. These waveforms represent a one dimensional view of a two dimensional process. When the signal is at zero volts, that input signal is turned off. When it is at the reference voitage V, that signal is turned on. If the signai jumps from zero to V or vice versa, that will produce a hard edge as shown in al 1 the waveforms of the first coiumn. If the transition between zero and V is a sloped line, there will oe a soft transition Detween that .signal being on and off. Example of soft transitions can be seen- in the second column of waveforms. For example, refer to the last three waveforms in the second column iaDeied "HARD, nard edge, colored Dorder." Note that the A control signai starts off and turns on for a period and then turns off again, while the 3 control signai starts on ana turns off Defore the A signal turns on, and then turns on after the A signal has turned off. When tnese signais are adαed together and then suDtracted from the reference voltage V. they proαuce the border control srgnal shown in the Dottom waveform of that column. The oorder signai turns on just as the B signal turns off, then turns off just as the A signal turns on, then turns on just as the A signal turns off, and finally turns off just as the B signal turns on. The signals shown would produce a single scan that would start with the B video signal on at the right edge of the screen, then switching to the color Dorder, then switching to the A SUBSTITUTE SHEET viαeo signai, then switching oack to the coior oorαer, ana finally switcning Dack to the B viαeo signal. It is important to understand that tnese control signals may be more complex for more complex wipes. If fact, from these signal scan control signals, it is impossible to know what the entire, full screen wipe looks like. What is important to see in the waveforms of Figure 2 is the relationship between the waveforms, more than the waveforms themsel es. Starting with the first column of waveforms labeled "HARD, hard edge, color border", the I and 0 border width signals 30 and 33 of Figure l, are both fully on for maximum gain from the variable gain amplifiers 32 and 38 producing a sharp transition between the zero and the reference voltage V. Voltage controls A«, 48 and 58 are also set for maximum gain to sharpen the transition. The I hard border signal 29 and the 0 hard oorder signal 31 offset the composite pattern signal 26 with respect to the wipe control signal 28 in opposite directions. This defines the hard Dorder width. These signals are only used for hard * borders. The selector 66 of Figure 1 selects 1+ and 0- as the A and B viαeo control signais as shown in the first two waveforms in the HARD column. When limited by iimiters, 68 and 70, the 1+ is unaffected, but tne 0- signai is limited at zero. Tnese two signais are shown as the third and fourth waveforms of the HARD column. The Dorder control signai from the oorder ci cui 75 is shown as the bottom waveform in tne HARD column. In the column marked "SOFT, soft edge, no coior Dorαer" , only tne I oase waveform control signal is used. The I hard border signal 29 is off, so there is no hard border offset relative to the wipe control signai. The transition is slowed down becoming a sloped i e Dy decreasing the I oorder v_u.n signai 30 and thus the gain of variable gam amplifier 32 through gain element 43. Also, the A_ control voltage 48 is set at minimum gain of 2.5. As discussed above, this sloped line will produce a soft transition between the picture areas. The selector 66 outputs 1+ as the A video control signal 69 and I- as B video control signal 71. Both these signals pass through Iimiters 68 and 70 without being limited because their peek to peek voltage was already Detween zero and the reference voltage V. When added together and then suDtracted from zero, the oorder circuit generates a border signal that is at zero volts. This means there will be no Dorder between the A and SUBSTITUTE SHEET B video pictures. The column labeled "HALO, soft edge, color border" represents the waveforms necessary to produce transition between A and B video pictures where 3 video has a soft transition to a color border, and the coior border has a soft transition to the A viαeo pictures. Only the 0 oase waveform signal is used to produce this border. The 0 border width signal 33 is useo to reduce tne gain in the variable gain amplifier 38, resulting in a sioped transition between zero and the reference voitage V defining a soft screen transition. Also, the A. control voitage 58 is set at a minimum gain of 5. Selector 66 outputs 0+ as the A video control signal and 0- as the B video control signal. Both these signals are limited by analog OR gates 68 and 70. The result of the limitation demonstrates the advantages of increasing the magnitude of the 0 signals and then limiting them. While the A and B video control signals are simply the inverse of each other, when limited, they form two different waveforms. When the limited A and B waveforms are added together and subtracted from the reference voltage V, they produce a border control signal that produces the soft edge between the B video picture and the color border, and a soft edge between the border and the A video picture, as desired. As the ga of the variable gain amplifier 38 is vaπeo. the color border's width increases or decreases around the center point. By taking advantage of cms relationship between the 0 waveform signais and iimiteα 0 waveform control signais, the αesireα variety of border type can be generated with only a two base signai. Witnout this method, separate waveform control signais must oe generated for βacn αesired Dorder, wnich increases circuit complexity and decreases commonality of waveform signal processing. The column iabeled "1/2 HALO, soft and hard edge, color border" illustrates tne waveforms necessary to produce a border type where the B video picture has soft transition to the color Dorder and the color Dorαer has a hard transition to the A video picture. In this case, the I Dorder width signal 30 is fuily on for maximum gain of variable gain amplifier 32 and control voltage A v 48, resulting in a fast transition Detween zero volts and the reference voltage V, defining a hard transition between the color border and video picture. The 0 border width signal 33 is used to vary the sloping transition between zero and the reference voltage V, defining a soft transition between color border SUBSTITUTE SHEET and video picture. The selector 66 outputs 1+ as the A video control signai and 0- as the B vioeo control signal. Again, the limitation of the 0- signal as B video control signal, t ' akes advantage of the geometric relationship between 0 waveform signal and the limited 0 waveform control signal. When the A and B video control signals are inputted to the border circuit 75, a border control signal is produced that has a soft transition from the B video picture and a hard transition to the A video picture, as desired. As with the previous column, the column labeled "REVERSED 1/2 HALO, hard and soft edge, color border" illustrates the waveforms necessary to produce a border type where the B video picture has hard transition to the color border and the color border has a soft transition to the A video picture. In this case, the I border width signai 30 is fuiiy on, resul ing in a vertical transition between zero volts and the reference voltage V, defining a hard transition between the color σorder and video picture. The 0 border width signal 33 is used to vary the sloping transition between zero and the reference voltage V. defining a soft transition between color border and video picture. The selector 66 outputs 0+ as the A video control signal and I- as the B video control signal. Again, the limitation of the 0+ signal as A video control signal, takes advantage of the geometric relationships between the 0 waveform signal and the limited 0 waveform control signal to produce a waveform that would otherwise have to be separately generated. When the * A and B video control signals are inputted to the border circuit 75, a Dorder control signal is produced that has a nard transition from the B video picture and a soft transition to the A video picture, as desired. While the embodiments disclosed herein are preferred, it will be appreciated that they are merely examples, and that various al ernatives, modifications, variations or improvements thereon may De made oy tnose skilled in tne art from this teaching, which are intended to oe encompassed Dy the to! lowing claims. SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. Apparatus for producing an output video signal from at least two input video signals according to a selected wipe and border, comprising: control waveform generating means for producing a composite control waveform signai in response to a sync signal, which synchronizes said composite control waveform signal with said input viαeo signals, ana a wipe selection signal, said composite control waveform defining said selected wipe oetween said input video signals; Dorαer generator for producing at least two video control signais and a border control signal in response to said composite concroi waveform, a plurality of border type control signais, said plurality of oorder type signals defining said selected border, and wherein saiα border control signal corresponds to the difference Detween magnitudes of said video control signais; and viαεo signal mixer for producing said output video signal from said input video signals and in response to said video control signals and said Dorder control signai . 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control waveform generating means further comprises: ramp generating means for producing a horizontal control ramp signal at a stanαard horizontal * video rate ana a vertical control ramp signal at a standard vertical video rate, said standard horizontal and vertical viαeo rates being oifined oy said input video signals; and ramp comoin g means receiving said horizontal and vertical control ramp signais and a wipe selection signal for producing a composite waveform control signal defining said selected video wipe. SUBSTITUTE SHEEff 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said Dorder generator further comprises: Dase waveform generating means responsive to said composite waveform control signal for producing a first base waveform control signal ano its inverse, and for producing a second base waveform control signai and its inverse, said second base waveform control signal and its inverse having magnitudes greater than said first base waveform control signal and its inverse, respectively; selecting means receiving said first and second base waveform control signals and their inverses for selecting, according to saiα selected border, at least two video waveform control signals; limiting means for producing at least two video control signals by limiting said two video waveform control signals which define said selected border; and summing means responsive to said two video control signals for producing a Dorder control signal from said video waveform control signals. SUBSTITUTE SHEET 4. Apparatus for producing a selected video wipe with a selected Dorder from at least two input video signals having a norizontal video rate and 'vertical video rate, comprising: ramp generating means for producing a horizontal control ramp signal at said horizontal video rate and a vertical control ramp signal at a vertical video rate; ramp combining means receiving said horizontal and vertical control ramp signals and a wipe selection signal for producing a composite waveform control signal defining said selected video wipe; base waveform generating means responsive to said horizontal and vertical control ramp signals for producing a first base waveform control signal and its inverse, and for producing a second base waveform control signai and its inverse, said second base waveform control signal and its inverse having magnitudes greater than said first oase waveform control signai and its inverse, respectively; selecting means receiving said first and second Dase waveform control signals and their inverses for selecting, according to said selected Doroer. at lease two video waveform control signais; limiting means tor producing at ieast two video control signals oy i uniting saiα two video waveform ' control signals which define said selected oorder; summing means responsive to said two viαeo control signals for producing a border control signal from said video waveform control signa1s; ar"! video mixing means responsive to said two video control signals and said oorder control signal for producing an output viαeo signal from a first and second input video signals. SyBSTΪTUTe SHEET 6. A method of producing an output video signal from at least two input video signals according to a selected wipe and border, comprising the steps of: generating a composite control waveform signal in response to a sync signal, which synchronizes said composite control waveform signal with said input video signals, and a wipe selection signal, said composite control waveform defining said selected wipe between said input video signals; generating at least two video control signals and a border control signal in response to said composite control waveform, a plurality of border type control signais, said plurality of border type signals defining said selected border, and wherein said border control signai corresponds to the difference between magnitudes of said video control signals; and mixing said output video signal from said input video signals and in response to said video control signals and said border control signal . SUBSTITUTE SHEET 7. A method of producing a selected video wipe with a selected oorder from at ieast two input video signals having a horizontal video rate and vertical video rate, comprising the steps of: generating a horizontal control ramp signal at said horizontal video rate and a vertical control ramp signal at a vertical video rate; combining said horizontal and vertical control ramp signals and a wipe selection signai for producing a composite waveform control signal defining saiα selected video wipe; generating said horizontal and vertical control ramp signals for producing a first oase waveform control signal and its inverse, and for producing a second base waveform control signal and its inverse, said second base waveform control signal and its inverse having magnitudes greater than said first base waveform control signal and its inverse, respectivel ; selecting said first and second base waveform control signals and their inverses for selecting, according to said selected border, at least two video waveform control signals; limiting said two video waveform control signals which define said selected border to produce at ieast two video control signals;_ summing said two video control signais to proαuce a border control signai from said video waveform control signals; and mixing said two video concroi signais and said Dorαer control signai tor proαucmg an output viαeo signai from a first and second .no.;'. . eo signais. Q WSSTITUTε SHEET.

Inventors: FLORA JAY L, HAYCOCK DAVID A, FLORA, JAY, L., HAYCOCK, DAVID, A.
Applicants: AMPEX, AMPEX CORPORATION
Application year: 1986
Main classification: H04N5
IPC codes: H04N5