ASEPTIC ADDITION OF THE DIPEPTIDE OF L-PHENYLALANINE AND L-ASPARTIC ACID TO PASTEURIZED DRINKS AND JUICES

Abstract: Process and resulting pasteurized drink or juice product based on dissolving the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid in a solvent at approximately room temperature with an excess by weight of either malic acid, citric acid or mixtures thereof. The ratio of the acid to the dipeptide sweetener is at least about 1.5. This solution is then added to a previously pasteurized juice or drink which has cooled to about room temperature.

Description: Aseptic Addition of the Dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartiα Acid to Pasteurized Drinks and Juices. ' TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the use of Aspartame™ in an aseptically packaged fruit juices and fruit drinks. Aspartame™ is a trademark of G. D. Searle and Company and the trademark of an artificial sweetener comprising the dipeptide of the commercially produced amino acids, L-phenylalanine (as the methyl ester) and L-aspartic acid. It is about 200 times sweeter than sugar. Hence, relatively small quantities can be used to produce a sweet, good-tasting drink or juice which is very low in calories. BACKGROUND ART The problem with using Aspartame™ in aseptically packaged drinks is that the drink and all of its contents must be sterilized prior to packaging. Pasteurization is critical lest the drink ferment or otherwise deteriorate during shelf storage. Unlike soft drinks, aseptically packaged juices or fruit drinks do not have sufficient carbonation to assist in sterilization and do not contain preservatives. Hence, the aseptically packaged juice or fruit drink must be pasteurized prior to packaging. Aspartame™ is very heat sensitive and tends to deteriorate during the juice pasteurization process. An Aspartame™ sweetened fruit juice or fruit drink which tastes sufficiently sweet prior to pasteurization loses its sweetness to a significant and noticable degree after pasteurization. A similar phenomenon occurs with respect to juice flavoring ingredients. Hence, prior artisans have heretofore added juice flavoring ingredients back into a pasteurized juice or juice drink after pasteurization, by passing the flavor ingredients through a. purifying microfilter. One's initial thought is to do the same thing with Aspartame™ by dissolving it and passing the solution through a microfilter. The problem with this approach is that Aspartame™ is not particularly soluble in conventional solvents. Its producer, G. D. Searle and Company, reports that it is approximately 1% soluble in water at room temperature and only .37% soluble in ethanol at room temperature. G. D. Searle and Company does indicate in its literature concerning Aspartame™ that one can increase the solubility of Aspartame™ by lowering the pH of the solution with food acids, such as citric acid or malic acid» Even so, Searle reports that only about 9 grams of Aspartame™ are soluble in 100 milliliters of water at a pH of 2.2 at room temperature. Searle reports that a pH of 2.2 offers maximum solubility. Because of this low solubility, one tends to dilute the strength of one's fruit juice or drink by reason of the Aspartame™ addition. Also, the addition time is increased since more solution has to be added than would be the case if Aspartame™.were more soluble in water. United Kingdom Patent 2,103,917 published March 2, 1983 to PepsiCo Inc. discloses that more concentrated Aspartame™ solutions can be obtained by lowering the pH of the solution to from about 1.5 to 2.2, preferably 1.7 to 2.0, with phosphoric acid. The problem with this approach is that with pHs below about 2.2, and especially.below 2.0, you begin to hydrolyze and destroy the Aspartame™. The United Kingdom patent also suggests, without showing examples, that fumaric, malic and citric acids will also work. However, fumaric is highly insoluble and won't work in accordance with the examples shown in the patent. Malic and citric acids won't lower the pH much below about 2.2 and do not work when used in accordance with the examples of this patent. I have invented a process for aseptically adding flavor ingredients to fruit juices and.fruit drinks after pasteurization, without having to use a microfilter, by- dissolving the flavor ingredient in a high percentage alcohol solution. Unfortunately, Aspartame™ is even less soluble in ethyl alcohol, as noted above, and pH adjust¬ ments are not particularly meaningful in alcohol solutions. As a result, there are serious road blocks to the use of Aspartame™ in aseptically packaged drinks and juices To my knowledge, Aspartame™ has not heretofore achieved commercial usage for this purpose. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, the aseptic addition of the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid to a previously pasteurized juice or drink is- achieved at about room temperature by increasing to substantially beyond heretofore reported limits the quantity of the sweetener which is present in a given volume of diluent without running the risk of hydrolyzation with strong acids such as phosphoric acid. This is accomplished by adding to the Aspartame™, in the solvent, citric or malic acid in an amount at least about 1.5 times by weight of the amount by weight of the sweetener. Thus, the present invention focuses not on the pH of the solution per se but on the ratio of the malic or citric acid to the sweetener. As a result, a substantially more concentrated solution of the sweetener can be added to the juice or drink after pasteurization. Yet, malic and citric acid don't lower the pH of the solution to much below about 2.2. These and other aspects, advantages and features of the invention will be more fully understood and appreciated by reference to the written specification. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the preferred embodiment, a solution of Aspartame™ is made by mixing the Aspartame™ in a solvent with at least about 1.5 times by weight of malic acid, or citric acid. This addition is done at approximately room temperature. This solution is then added to a drink or juice after it has been pasteurized and cooled to about room temperature. In one embodiment, the solvent used is water and the Aspartame™ solution is added through a microfilter to ensure aseptic addition. In another embodiment, the solvent used is aseptic-strength alcohol. The Aspartame™ solution can then be added directly to the juice or drink without filtration since the alcohol renders the Aspartame™ solution self-sterilizing. The ratio of malic or citric acid to Aspartame™ is at least 1.5 by weight. Use of the word "about" allows for some minor variation of this lower limit. Thus, for example, good results have been achieved in this invention with a ratio of as low as 1.44 by weight citric acid to Aspartame™. Of course, it is preferable for ease of solvation to use a higher weight ratio. It is preferable that the ratio by weight be at least about 1.8. Most preferably, the weight ratio of acid to Aspartame™ is at least about 2. The ratio has to be higher at lower percentages of Aspartame™. As the percentages of Aspartame™ increase, it has been sur¬ prisingly found that the quantity of acid required relative • thereto tends to decrease. Indeed if alcohol is the solvent, the quantity of acid required relative to Aspartame™ is somewhat higher. At least about 1.7 parts by weight acid to Aspartame™ is required in alcohol solutions. When water is used as the solvent, one can dissolve in excess of 30 grams of Aspartame™ per 100 milliliters of water at room temperature. The advantage of utilizing water as the solvent in accordance with the present invention is of course that one can achieve a very high concentration of Aspartame™ in the Aspartame™ addition solution. The advantage of using an aseptic strength alcohol as the solvent is that the resulting solution will be self- sterilizing. One can thus add the self-sterilizing Aspartame™ solution to the previously pasteurized drink or juice without having to pass the solution through a micro¬ filter. The disadvantage to utilizing alcohol as the solvent is that one cannot dissolve as much Aspartame™. Even so, it has been found that by practicing the method of the present invention, one can dissolve in excess of 11 grams of Aspartame™ in 100 grams of alcohol. This can be done utilizing about 20 grams of acid, thus yielding an 81 Aspartame™ solution in ethyl alcohol. The best previously reported results indicate that such an alcohol solution would be about .371. The preferred alcohol is ethanol. The results of the previous paragraph were achieved utilizing a 951 ethanol solution. Even a 70 to 75% ethanol solution is self-sterilizing, e.g., aseptic. The quantity of Aspartame™ added to 100 grams of ethanol in accordance with the method of the present invention has been found to be as high as 14 grams at room temperature, utilizing 24 grams of citric acid. This yields an Aspartame™ solution at a strength in excess of 10%. Malic and citric acid can .both be used without the danger of substantially hydrolyzing the Aspartame™. They will lower the pH of the solution to about 2.2, perhaps as low as 2.0, but not lower. Stronger acids such as hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid are not acceptable because of the hydrolysis risk. Fumaric acid is unaccept¬ able because it is simply not sufficiently soluble in water o alcohol. In laboratory quantities, the addition of Aspartame™ and acid was done stepwise. The amount of mixing - required during each addition step was only a few minutes. - In mixing bulk quantities, considerably more additional time is required. For convenience, it is preferable to add the total quantity of Aspartame™ and acid desired and allow them to mix for several hours. I have found it most convenient to simply allow the solution to mix overnight. Of course, one has to be careful to avoid such vigorous mixing as to substantially elevate the temperature of the solution. The solution should at all times be kept at around room temperature, rather than at significantly elevated tempera¬ tures, in order to avoid heat degradation of the Aspartame™. There tends to be a slight exothermic effect as the Aspartame™ is dissolved. Hence, temperature tends to increase somewhat as dissolution proceeds. On laboratory scale, there tends to be about a 7 β C. rise in temperature as the maximum quantity of Aspartame™ is dissolved. If one were seeking maximum dissolution of Aspartame™ on a commercial scale, one might find it necessary to take special steps to dissipate heat from the mixing equipment, as for example cooling coils or the like. However, for dissolving lesser quantities, as for example about half of the maximum potentially soluble Aspartame™ in five gallons of solution, it has been found that no special cooling precautions are required. Sufficient heat dissipates during mixing that any significant heat degradation of the Aspartame™ is avoided. EXAMPLES In the following examples, incremental amounts of Aspartame™ were added to the solvent. These additions were followed by incremental additions of acid. In the tables below, the impact of the cumulative ratio of acid to Aspartame™ (by weight) on solubility can be seen. Where an incremental addition of either acid or Aspartame™ does not completely dissolve all of the Aspartame™ present, no cumulative ratio is reported. EXAMPLE I In Example I, Aspartame™ was dissolved in 100 milliliters of water with the help of citric acid. Changes in temperature over the course of addition were measured and it can be seen that the temperature increased 6.8°C. over the course of the addition. It can be seen that the weight ratio of acid to Aspartame™ necessary to effect dissolution tends to decrease as the Aspartame™ reaches maximum solubility. In this example, 33 grams of Aspartame™ were dissolved in 100 milliliters of water with the help of 47.55 grams of citric acid. The final ratio be weight of acid to Aspartame™ was about 1.44. g Asp. Total g Acid Total Cum Solubility Temp Added Asp. Added Acid Ratio Comment °C. 5 5 9.66 9.66 1.93 Dissolves 21.6 5 10 11.16 20.82 1.87 Dissolves 20.8 5 15 8.88 29.70 1.98 Dissolves 21.2 3 18 3.25 32.95 1.83 Slowly 22.9 Dissolves .66 33.61 Dissolves 2 20 2.09 35.70 1.78 Dissolves 24.2 2 22 2.18 37.88 1.72 Dissolves 25.2 2 24 2.04 39.92 1.66 Dissolves 26.8 3 27 1.83 41.75 1.55 Dissolves 28.8 3 30 3.45 45.20 1.51 Dissolves 28.4 3 33 2.35 47.55 1.44 Dissolves 28.4 • • No more would dissolve EXAMPLE 2 In Example 2, the Aspartame™ was dissolved in 100 milliliters of water with the assistance of malic acid. There was about a 7°C. rise in temperature during the dissolution process. In all, 31 grams of Aspartame™ were dissolved in 100 milliliters of water using 51.10 grams of malic acid. The total ratio by weight of malic acid to Aspartame™ was about 1.65. As in Example 1, initially higher ratios were required to dissolve the Aspartame™, i.e., in excess of 2. g Asp. Total g Acid Total Cum Solubility Temp Added Asp. Added Acid Ratio Comment °C. 5 5 10.93 10.93 2.19 Dissolves 19.5 5 10 12.77 23.70 2.37 Dissolves 18.4 5 15 11.10 34.80 2.32 Dissolves 19.9 5 20 5.75 40.55 2.03 Dissolves 22.6 1 21 .45 41.00 1.95 Dissolves 25.2 2 23 3.00 44.00 1.91 Dissolves 26.0 2 25 2.90 45.90 1.84 Dissolves 26.0 2 27 2.10 48.00 1.78- Dissolves 26.1 2 29 1.47 49.47 1.70 Dissolves 26.8 2 31 1.63 51.10 1.65 Dissolves 26.8 No morei would dissolive EXAMPLE 3 In Example 3, Aspartame™ was dissolved in 50 grams of 95% ethanol using citric acid. A greater ratio of citric acid to Aspartame™ was required. In all, 5.5 grams of Aspartame™ were dissolved in 50 grams of 95% ethanol using 10 grams of citric acid. The ratio of acid to Aspartame™ required to effect early dissolution was in excess of about 2, but eventually the cumulative 'ratio was 1.8. The final solution, beyond which no more Aspartame™ would dissolve, was about an 8.4% Aspartame™ solution. g Asp. Total g Acid Total Cum Solubility Added Asp. . Added Acid Ratio . Comment 3 3 6 6 didn't all dissolve 3 1 7 2.33 dissolved 1 4 _ — — 7 1.75 dissolved slowly 20 minutes 1 5 7 not soluble 5 1 8 1.60 soluble .5 5.5 - - - 8 didn't all dissolve - -— 5.5 .5 8.5 didn't all dissolve - - - 5.5 .5 9.0 didn't all dissolve 5.5 1.0 10.0 1.80 dissolved No more would dissolve EXAMPLE 4 In* Example 4, Aspartame™ was dissolved in 50 grams of 75% ethanol solution with the assistance of citric acid. The results parallel those for Example 3, but as might be expected in view of the additional water present, the Aspartame™ was somewhat more soluble. In all, 7 grams of Aspartame™ were dissolved in 50 grams of 75% ethanol solution with the assistance of 12 grams of citric acid. The final ratio by weight of acid to Aspartame™ was 1.71. This gave a 10.1% solution of Aspartame™ in 75% ethanol. COMMERCIAL PROCEDURE In commercial operations, one would first determine the percentage Aspartame™ solution to be added to the juice or drink. The necessary Aspartame™ and approximately twice as much citric or malic acid is then introduced into the desired solvent, either water or ethanol, in a batch mixer. These would be allowed to mix overnight in order to insure complete dissolution. This solution could be added in bulk or in metered flow into a bulk quantity of already pasteurized jui.ce or drink or into a stream of such juice or drink, respectively. In the case of introduction by metered flow, one would of course have to adjust the flow as a function of the strength of the Aspartame™ solution being added. One is of course certain that the pasteurized juice or drink has been allowed to cool to about room temperature. In the case of addition of an alcohol solution, the Aspartame™ in alcohol solution can be added directly to the prepasteurized juice or drink. In the case of a water solution of Aspartame™, it must first be filtered through a microfilter in order to remove impurities.

Claims: AMENDED CLAIMS freceivedby the International Bureau on 12 July 1985 (12.07.85); original claims 1—24 replaced by amended claims 1-24 (4 pages)] A method for aseptic addition of the sweetener comprising the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid to pasteurized aseptic drinks and juices after pasteurization, said method comprising: dissolving substantially in excess of 9 grams of said sweetener per 100 milliliters of water at approximately room temperature, by adding an excess by weight of malic acid, citric acid or mixtures thereof, the ratio of said acid to said sweetener being at least about 1.5 to 1 by weight; followed by sterilizing and adding said solution to a previously pasteurized juice or drink which has cooled to about room temperature. -2- The method of claim 1 in which: ■ said ratio by weight of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of 1.7 to 1. -3r The method of claim 2 in which: said ratio by weight of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of 2.0 to 1. -4- The method of claim 1 wherein said sterilizing comprises passing said solution through a microfilter. -5- A method for aseptic addition of the sweetener comprising the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid to pasteurized aseptic drinks and juices after pasteurization, said method comprising: creating a self-sterilizing solution of said sweetener by dissolving substantially in excess of .37 grams of said sweetener in 100 grams of ethanol solution of at least aseptic strength at approximately room temperature, by adding an excess by weight of malic acid, citric acid or mixtures thereof, the ratio of said acid to said sweetener being at least about 1.7 to 1 by weight, followed by adding said self-sterilized solution to a previously pasteurized juice or drink which has cooled to about room temperature. -6- The method of claim 5 in which said sweetener solution is added directly to the previously pasteurized juice or drink without passing it through a microfilter. -7- The method of claim 5 in which: - said ratio by weight of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of 2.0 to 1. -8- An aqueous solution of sweetener comprising the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid, for addition to pasteurized drinks and juices, said solution comprising: substantially in excess of 9 grams of said sweetener per 100 milliliters of water, and malic acid, citric acid or mixtures ' thereof dissolved in said water wherein the ratio of said acid to said sweetener is at least about 1.5 to 1 by weight. -9- . The solution of claim 8 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 1.7 to 1 by weight. -10- The solution of claim 8 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 2.0 to 1 by weight. -11- A self-sterilizing solution of sweetener comprising the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid, for addition to pasteurized drinks and juices, said solution comprising: substantially in excess of .37 grams of said sweetener per 100 grams of an aseptic strength ethanol solution, and malic acid, citric acid or mixtures thereof dissolved in said solution wherein the ratio of said acid to said sweetener is at least about 1.7 to 1 by weight. -12- The solution of claim 11 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 2.0 to 1 by weight. -13- The method of claim 10 in which: said ratio by weight of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of 2.0. -14- A solution of sweetener comprising the dipeptide of L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid, for addition to pasteurized drinks, juices and the like, said solution comprising: said sweetener and one of malic acid, citric acid and mixtures thereof dissolved in a solvent wherein the ratio by weight of said acid to said sweetener is at least about 1.5. -15- The solution of claim 14 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 1.7 by weight. -16- The solution of claim 14 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 2.0 by weight. -17- The solution of claim 14 wherein said solvent is water. -18- The solution of claim 17 wherein the quantity of said sweetener dissolved in said water is in excess of 9 grams per 100 milliliters. -19- The solution of claim 18 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 1.7 by weight. -20- The solution of claim 18 wherein said ratio of said acid to said sweetener is in excess of about 2.0 by weight. -21- The solution of claim 14 wherein said solvent is ethanol. -22- The solution of claim 21 wherein the quantity of said sweetener in said ethanol solvent is in excess of .37%. -23- The solution of claim 22 wherein said ratio of said acid eetener is in excess of about 1.7 by weight. -24- The solution of claim 23 wherein said ratio of said acid eetener is in excess of about 2.0 by weight.

Inventors: KRYGER ALLEN CHARLES, KRYGER, ALLEN, CHARLES
Applicants: SQUIRT & CO, SQUIRT & COMPANY
Application year: 1985
Main classification: A23L1
IPC codes: A23L1, A23L2