PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED MATERIAL, BIOGENETIC NUTRIENTS AND DISSOLVED METAL COMPOUNDS FROM SEWAGE CONTAMINATED WITH ORGANIC AND/OR INORGANIC SUBSTANCES

Abstract: In course of the process contaminated water is contacted with an agent which contains salts or cations of mono-, di-, or trivalent metals in a maximum amount of 50 Mp.cent and rock granules containing at least 25 Mp.cent zeolite, preferably clinoptilolite and/or mordenite. The amount of metal salts resp. cations present in the parent zeolitic rock can be increased according to necessity by ion-exchange, adsorption and/or impregnation, i.e. by combination of these processes following eventual dehydration. The agent obtained is homogenized. It is favourable to carry out biological treatment without nitrification, up to a complete oxidation of carbon compounds. After secondary settling the water flows through one or more beds - if there are more, connected in series or parallel - filled with zeolite of a grain size between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 2 and 5 mm, wherein residual ammonium is bound. The exhausted bed can be regenerated biologically or with aqueous solution of potassium salt. The equipment consists of a primary settling tank (2), of an aerating basin (4) and of a secondary settling tank (7). The above agent from the preparation container (11) and excess sludge from the secondary settling tank (7) are admixed to the effluent of the primary settling tank (2) in the mixing tank (3) and the mixture is transferred in adsorption zone (5) communicating with the aerating basin (4). The rest of ammonia and of suspended materials of effluent are bound and filtered out resp. in beds (13) filled with zeolite in order to remove mechanical impurities the bed(s) (13) is/are reflushed with purified water from buffer tank (14) and in order to reactivate the zeolite filling aqueous potassium salt is fed from the container (17), used solution collected in the buffer tank (14) is recycled in the container (17).

Description: Process and equipment for removal of suspended material, biogenetic nutrients and dissolved metal compounds from sewage contaminated with organic and/or inorganic substances Technical field; The invention relates to a process for removal of suspended materials, biogenetic nutrients and dissolved metal compounds from water being contaminated with organic and/or inorganic substances, as well as to an equipment for carrying out the process according to the invention. Background art: In the present invention under biogenetic nutrients containing nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are meant, useful for cultivated plants. Due to industrialization, urbanization and intensification of agriculture contamination of waters is an ever increasing global problem. In general, methods of sewage treatment having been recently used do not result in complete purification, the majority of the dissolved and colloidal contaminants, moreover, a considerable part of suspended solid particles gets into the recipient. The limitations of investments and steadily increasing energy costs, however, do not permit realisation of tech¬ nologies for a perfect purification. Water considered as purified usually contains still a considerable amount of dissolved material which consists generally of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. These are the most important nutrients for plants, therefore their recivery for a direct application in agriculture improves the economy of sewage purification. In addition, there are waste waters mainly of industrial origin where the dissolved substance consists predominantly of heavy metal salts. In. general, these are toxic for the biosphere, their recovery by conventional processes, however, is too expensive. Sewage-sludge arises in course of sewage treatment. At the time being the most contro¬ versial questions are the utilization of sewage-sludges and the conditions thereof. Today it is well known that all organic substances in sewage-sludge are valuable humus forming materials, as for its value as nutrient, opinions are different. The most significant reservations concerning its application in agriculture are connected to the heavy metal content and to the hygiene of its use because of the in ections sewage-sludges can cause. Although all over the world research programs are focused on the incorporation of heaπry metals in plants and therethrough into animal- human organism, the matter has not come yet to a rest. Recently, in some countries provisional rules prescribe the maximum of the acceptable loading of soils for each heavy metal. The three main, well known processes for the treatment of sewage contaminated with organic substances are as follows: - mechanical, - biological, - physico-chemical. The so-called mechanical separation-processes are i port- ant steps in water- and sewage treatment technologies. 30 to 0 £ purification can be attained, when solid sus¬ pensions are separated mechanically by specific weight differences. The aim of secondary purification or biological step is to remove colloids and dissolved organic substances. The removal of organic substances by microorganisms results in the formation of inorganic substances, mainly of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus salts. As for sludge-loading the following sewage treatment systems can be distinguished: a. partial biological treatment, b. complete biological treatment, c. complete biological treatment with nitrification, d. complete biological treatment with sludge-stabil- isation - the so-called total oxidation-process. For the above systems one of the main difference is the time of aering, which is 0.75 - 1»5 hours for the case a 3.00 hours for the case b 8.00 hours for the case c; 24.00 hours for the case d. The energy needed for bubbling increases linearly with time, whereas the efficiency of oxygen consumption decreases with time due to the progress of oxidation. Since the aering requires the most of the energy in a sewage purification plant, the extent of oxidation should thusUe considered from economic aspects. Physico-chemical purification processes are used if dispersed solids can not be settled and mechanically separated as e.g. colloid suspensions/particle size 0.01 - 1.0 urn/ or if the biological decompensation of the substances is too expensive or even impossible. Coagulation, precipitation and filtra¬ tion are the physico-chemical processes in connection with the invention. Specific costs of physico-chemical processes are relatively high owing to the expensive reagents required. Physico-chemical processes are mostly used in the third treatment step in order to remove yet the rest of suspended material and in organic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds which have been formed during the previous biological treat- ent. In this way the water discharged from the sewage treatment plant is of a good quality, i.e. it can be used either in industrial processes, or can simply be emitted without causing any eutrophization in sur acial waters. In general the third threat ent step follows the complete biological purification and the attached nitrifi¬ cation. It increases, however, considerably both investment and operation costs. The aim of denitrification technologies lies in to remove nitrogen content having been oxidized previously to nitrate from ammonium with a high energy consumption from the sewage by using an expensive and complicated process. Another usual way for denitrification is the ion- exchange technology on a synthetic resin basis. Due to its special teatures this process is mainly used in drink-water purification. Other processes, as e.g. reversed osmosis, are even more expensive, accordingly, their practical use is rather restricted. Soluble inorganic phosphorus compounds - mostly orto- phosphates - are removed in the third purification stage by chemical precipitation using aluminium compounds. Por removing suspended materials iron- and aluminium salts, lime, polyelectrolytes and the combination thereof are used. Such methods are delt with in the "Water treatment handbook" of Degre ont 5th Edition Halsbed Press Book, Jon Wiley and Sons, New ϊork, 1979/1/, in "Gewasserschutz, Wasser, Abwasser" /Vol. 17. Aachen, 1975/, n "Anwendung von Pallungsverfahren zur Verbesserung der Leistungsfahigkeit biologischer Anlagen" /Institut fur Bauingenieurwesen V. Technische Universit≥t, Kϋnchen, 1978/. The above chemical treatments result in a 20-90 # metal removed by formation of insoluble hydroxides. In the usual pH range between 6 and 8 the ammonium content remains unchanged. According to the HU-PS 175558 approximately 90 % of the ortophosphate can be removed by adding 200- 300 mg aluminium sulfate to one lit. of water, whereas the ammonium content remains unchanged. In the HU-PS 180613 a process, is described where COI is decreased by 30- O with a charcoal treat¬ ment, but neither the amound of the suspended material, nor the ammonium content are changed. The removal of ammonium is usually carried out by nitri- fication followed by denitrification in order to avoid the undesired accumulation of /NO ' " in the effluent. Summarizing, the above processes have the following disadvantages: The nitrification can be performed by a total bio¬ logical oxidation which requires great investment and operating costs. Similar difficulties arise with denitrification, too. Moreover, the denitrification is very sensitive toward the temperature and the concentration of oxygen absorbed in water. Medium should be added to the denitrification-biomass which further increases and complicates the operation. The reagents or additives used in waste water treat¬ ments exert rather specific effects. They are further °f relatively high price /e.g. charcoal/ and may bring about corrosion /e.g. aluminium sulfate/. The main aims of the present invention are: - As a result of the purification process water should be produced, which can be reused, or which must not exert impermissible detri entous effect on surface or underground water; - Based ona va ced research results in agronomy, biogenetic nutrients should be produced by the purification process for agriculture; - Enabling resp. promoting neutralization and possibility of utilization of sewage-sludge in agriculture. A further aim lies in to change the activity of sewage treatment plants restricted now only to the removal of impurities, matting use of by-products reveals new economic aspect. In order to achieve the aims outlined above, is needed - to carry out a far reaching purification of contaminated water-, which includes removal and/or recovery of solid, colloidal and dis¬ solved materials by precipitating the gross of suspension and of nitrogen, phosphorus, metal contaminants in fewer technolgical steps than in conventional technologies= Accordingly, the costs of invenst ent and operation are reduced; - to intensify simply existing sewage purification plants. A process will be outlined which offers solutions to meet special demands and opens new economic aspects. Disclosure of the Invention The invention is based on the recognition that some particular minerals especially some kinds of natural zeolites exert physico-chemical effects on sewage water, which improves fundamentally both the effi¬ ciency of purification and economy of the process. found that the aforementioned effects can be achieved by using appropriate fractions of crashed and physico- chemically treated rocks containing natural zeolites like clinoptilolite or mordenite as materials coagula¬ ting partly on basis of selective ion-exchange and adsorption and as an accessory effect performing chemical precipitation, partly removing ammonium and heavy metal ions by selective ion-exchange and adsorption and performing - as an accessory effect - filtration of suspended material.. In rocks having been used in our experiments clinoptiloliie and mordenite were present in a micro- crystalline form. The icrocrystallites are of 0.1 to 10 u in size. Besides the zeolites the rocks cortain quartz, different clay minerals in come ass-^ and the excess is amorphous volcaniu glass. It is well known that zeolites are cation-exchange inorganic polymers, since their la t ce is formed by a rigid po.lyanionic alu ino-silicate f amework. Besides the zeolitic pores of embedded clinoptilolite or mordenite the rock contains micropores hetweea. tbe eterodispsrse mineral constituents_ To. the row material Na, K, Mg and Ca-cations are bound to the anion lattice which can be exchanged for other cations to a less or greater extent. Considering these properties we arrived at ' . e con¬ clusion that the x-ow material of appropriate grain size may exert even in its original form, i.e. with¬ out any preliminary ion exchange a precipitating effect on suspended materials and colloids in sewage. In addition, due to its ion-exchange property it brings about the removal of ammonium and heavy metal ions /lead, nickel, copper, cadmium, mercury, silver, etc/, The selective ion-exchange effect is well known in the literature for zeolites and so for the clinopti- lolite, too. These expectations have been confirmed by our experiments. Moreover, we recognized experiment¬ ally that zeolites may be used, for orto hosphate precipitation, if they contain cations, which can be - a - dissolved or zeolites exchanged for NH^, " * " and form insoluble ortophosphat precipitates. Accordingly, basic conception of the invention is based on the recognition that by continuous ' feeding of zeolite 5 of adequate rate in an appropriate way, and in a proper grain size, simultaneously with floccule formation produced by coagulation and after the formation of floccules the adsoptive capacity of the sludge already containing zeolite can be well 10 utilized for the removal of suspended material as well as of colloidal particles, and with an in¬ creasing efficiency for the removal of ammonium and heavy metal ions by ionexchange. In addition, it becomes possible to enhance the pre- 15 cipitation of ortophosphates by the previous modi¬ fication of natural zeolites and to remove reliably the phosphate-precipitate thus formed. The process according' to the invention unites all the advantages of preliminary and simultaneous 20 phosphate precipitation, whereby the harmful phenom¬ enon can be avoided, that the micro-floccules formed in the activated sludge aerating basin should be discharged with purified sewage from the post- sedimentation basin, thus increasing suspended 25 material content thereof. Substances promoting removal of phosphates can be introduced into the zeolite in several ways, so by ion-exchange, adsorption, impregnation or by their combination. Depending on the requirements of a 30. given sewage purification, these processes can be combined to obtain the most conveniently modified zeolite. After crushing and sieving, i.e. after a mere - 5 - mechanical treatment, the zeolite containing rock in its natural form exerts beside coagul¬ ation further economically important effects: - the sedimentation efficiency will be in- creased, resulting in an intensified operation of secondary settling equipments and in a considerable reduction of the suspended material content of purified water; - the ammonium and heavy metal-ion content will be reduced; - in addition, the phosphorus content of water can be considerably reduced by the modified material. Moreover, the material with the complex effect affords an extended application of the invention including further advantages in comparison with the kncwn additives of physico-chemical effect: " as a result of zeolite-feeding biological activity of the activated sludge system is improved, owing to the increased specific surface area, where decomposing bacteria settle and thus their concentration by volume is increased; - the 3ludge thus formed is of better quality, than any obtained in course of known process, since - it can easily be dehydrated; - a manure can be obtained for the agri - culture improving the nutritive value and water-household of the soil, simult¬ aneously reducing supposed dangers of application of sewage-sludges. Since clinoptilolite has a well known ion-exchange selectivity for ammonium, significant ammonium removal can be attained, and the formed ammonium clinoptilolite can be used in the agriculture; .. the investment and energy costs of the secondary purification stage as well 5 as of the third, denitrifica ion 3tage can thus be reduced. Beside the increased zeolitic sedimentation effect - as previously specified — a further benefit is achieved by the selective ion-exchange, i.e. the purified wa.?r 0 is free of suspended material, it contains dissolved substances only. Suspended material of minute amount remaining after the previous processes can be removed from the cleaned water in accordance with "the invention by the additional filter- *" > ing effect of εn ammonium-binding zeolite bed. Accordingly, a further main feature of the process suggested in the invention is based, on the recognition that biological treatment should be performed without nitri ication, only up to a complete biological o_rida— 0 tion of contaminating carbon compounds, therea ter the water containing dissolved ammonium is led through a iltβi bed filled with suitably prepared clinoptilolite on which ammonium is bound by ion exchange β Nitrification and denitrification operations can thus be emitted, and 5 the costs of deammoniation is appreciably less than that of one of these two steps. Ammonium and heavy metal ion exchange properties as well as the utilization of these properties of natural and synthetic zeolites are well known in technical and 0 patent literature. However, no solution is given yet for enhancing the efficiency and improving the economy of biological sewage treatment by using natural zeolites or their modified forms. So e.g. the DE-AS 25 31 338 suggest zeolites phillipsite and gismondite for ion- exchange fillings, the regeneration of which can be carried out widhxa salt solution heated to 80 C. No details of ammonium ion-exchanga for the sewage purification is discussed, and no reference is given for the treatment of the eluate formed in course of regeneration of the zeolite bed. US-PS 3 7 308 describes a process, where ammonium is removed with synthetic zeolite F from aqaeous solutions which contain alkali or alkaline earth metals. As am aqaeous solution in particular second¬ ary effluent of municipal sewage purification plants is treated. Latter patent describes more detailed the technology than the previous ones. According to the illustrative embodiment the municipal sewage is filtered, treated with activated sludge under aerobic conditions, and with a coagulating agent - aluminium sulfate — . From a fraction of effluent ammonium is removed by ion exchange in a bed filled with zeolite F. The filling is regenerated with saturated lime solution which contains sodium and calcium chlorides, too. By scrubbing with air the solution of 12 pH is deammoniated. A further advantage of the present invention is that ammonium ion selective clinoptilolite filling is re— generated with reagent/s/ .being a nutrient for plants. The excess of regenerating agent in a high concentration H--solution results in a valuable fertilizer. This can be attained by regeneration of the clinoptilolite filling with an aqueous potassium salt solution. The solution having been obtained after the regeneration contains ammonium and potassium, both being useful vegetable nutrients. The solution can be directly utilized in agriculture. A very important advantage of the process according to the invention is that cleaned water having been denitri¬ fied by ion-exchange does not carry eutrophicating materials or -any impurities hazardous to the environment and the regeneration of the exhausted ion-exchanger does not result air pollution. The potassium salt solution used for regeneration can be deammoniated with air by increasing its pH value. After absorbing the gasous ammonium in a phosphoric acid solution a liquid fertilizer is yielded with a complex agency. In this case the regenerating salt solution can be repeat¬ edly used by supplying potassium losses, only. Ammonium binding capacity of exhausted zeolites can be restored also by the biological decomposition of che ammonium-ions bound to the zeolite, i.e. by means of biological regeneration. Biological regeneration is based on the fact that in the presence of oxygen certain bacteria — as e.g. Aβrobacter aerogenes - are able to assimilate directly ammonia and simultaneously other well known ammonia-decompositions take place, namely the nitrification and denitrification. Nitrosomonas - using ammonium salts as sole energy source — oxidizes them to nitrite-ions, whereas Nitro— bacters oxidize the nitrites produced by Nitrosomonas to nitrate thus supplying their energy demand. Thereafter - in the absense of oxygen - nitrage is reduced to element¬ ary nitrogen by the denitri ing bacteria. This sequence of biological processes results in removal of ammonium bound to the zeolite. By proper manipulations, e.g. by aeration, by inoculat¬ ion, by ensuring a minute concentration level of phos¬ phorus, by removal of reaction products, etc., the period of biological regeneration can be considerably shortened. As a result of biological regeneration ammonium ions are replaced by protons, and the formed h-zeolite has an outstanding ion-exchange capability for ammonium. The clinoptilolite filter bed technology can be used alone for removing ammonium of high concentration! from industrial waste waters prior to or without biological treatment. Ion-exchange bed filled with clinoptilolite properly pretreated can be well utilized for the removal of a part of heavy metal ions contained in sewage, as e.g. lead, nickel, copper, cadmium, mercury, silver, etc., and the resulting effluent is ecologically harmless. According to the invention the complex requirements are solved undamentally so, that contaminated water is brought into contact -with an agent, which contains maximum 50 mass ^ of salts of mono—, bi- or trivalent metals, i.e. the cations thereof, and minimum 50 mass of a granulated rock containing at least 25 mass-^ zeolite, preferably in form of clinoptilolite and/or mordenite. The amount of metal salts or more preciously the amount of cations in the agent is determined by the desired effect. The amount of these constituents is the parent zeolite containing rock may be sufficient to attain an increased settling to remove fractions of phosphate, ammonium ions and heavy metal components. Preferably, the applied agent has a controlled content of metal salts resp. metal cations, where metal content in said agent is increased in the intreated or dehydrat- ed zeolite containing granules by ion-exchange, adsorpt¬ ion or impregnation, or by the combination of these processes so that the material thus obtained is homo¬ genized. As an example, the chemical compo3itons /in mass-^/ of typical clinoptilolite and mordenite containing samples occuring in H u ngary are as follows: Component Rock containing Rock containing clinoptilolite mordenite SiO 68.35 70.60 1 2 0 3 11.94 12.43 Fe 2 0 1.00 0.64 a 2 0 3 0.32 1.46 0 4.15 4.89 MgO 0.21 0.04 CaO 1.64 1.80 Loss on ignition /H 2 °/ 12.22 8.57 For the removal of a fraction of phosphate, ammonium and heavy metals as well as to enhance the settling during the mechanical and/or biological sewage treat¬ ments the waste water and/or the recircula ion sludge from the secondary settling unit should be contacted with an agent of a grain size less, than 200 urn. Further advantages can be achieved, if biological sewage treatment is carried out without nitrification to the complete oxidatinn of carbon compounds, and the water after secondary settling is led through one or more zeolite beds connected in series or parallel, where the ammoniumipserfectly removed. The grain size of zeolite should be between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 2 and 5 mm. It is advantageous to regenerate the exhausted zeolite with aqueous solution of a potassium salt. The solution after regeneration enriched in ammonium can be directly used for plant nutrition, or can be mixed with properly pretreated primary and excess sludge discharged from the primary settling basin resulting in a high quality fertilizer. Depending on the demand of plant nutration the used potassium salt solution containing ammonium can be deammoniated by aerating at higher pH values. The potassium salt solution is thus regenerated, and the evolved ammonia can be absorbed in phosphoric acid solution resulting in a liquid fertilizer of high nitrogen and phosphorus content. With a preferred mode of realization of the process according to the invention the exhausted zeolite can be regenerated, i.e. deammoniated biologically, too. The process according to the invention utilizes several advantageous properties of the zeolites emplyed in accordance with ±he purpose of treatment and modified appropriately, ■ thus the efficiency of known purification processes can be increased, moreover further utilization of the separated contaminants mostly bound by ion-ex- change becomes possible. Comparing with known processes, investment and operation costs are considerably reduced. By applying the process according to the invention con¬ taminants can be removed to an extent that treated water can be used again or can be emitted in the natural water system without any hazardous effect on the environ¬ ment. The properties both of dissolved materials and of sludges formed during the treatment are changed so far that use¬ ful, plant nutrients can be gained, whereas toxic heavy metal ions are fixed in a water-insoluble state in- accessable for the plants. The process according to the invention can be used for treatment of all types of waste waters formed as muni¬ cipal sewage, industrial effluent or thin manure, which may be purified with mechanical, biological and physico-chemical treatments. In the equipment according to the invention the sewage is fed through a pipeline in the primary settling tank, from which a pipe is leading to the mixing tank, into * .. which the agent from a preparation container is introduc— ed through a pipeline and the recirculation sludge from the secondary settling tank is introduced through an¬ other pipeline. The mixing tank is linked by a pipe to the adsorption zone having a common water communication with the aeration basin provided with oxygen introduction. From here a pipe is leading to the secondary settling tank, therefrom a fraction of the sludge is recirculating through pipeline in the mixing tank. The excess sludge is fed back through said pipeline in the primary settling tank, from where the sludge is removed through a pipeline. The treated water leaves the secondary settling tank through the outlet pipe. 3Ch a preferred embodiment of the invention the outlet of the secondary settling tank is leading to one or more zeolite beds, - if more, connected in series or parallel — furtheron both the top and the bottom of the zeolite bed/s/ are connected by pipelines respect¬ ively, with the container containing the regenerating solution. Through the outlet the discharge is possible into a buffer tank provided with outlet pipeline and with re-flush pipeline to .zeolite beds, wherefrora the flush leaves through a duct in primary settling tank. From the container the aqueous solution of potassium salt enriched in ammonium can be discharged through another pipeline. Brief Description of the Drawing The invention will be described in detail by a preferred embodiment of the equipment by illustrating schematically the mode of operation and arrangement. Mode for Carrying Out the Invention The structural arrangement and operation schema of a sewage treatment plant of 10.000 m /d capacity is shown in Fugure. The input i3 urban sewage, the contaminations of which are: 300 g/m 3 B0I 5 and 0 g NH*/m 3 . The sewage arriving through pipe 1 is passed through primary settling tank 2 with an effective volume of 900 ΏΛT 3, through mixing tank 3 of a volume of 50 m 3, through the adsorption zone 5 with a useful volume of 3 112 being separated from the aerating basin 4, and finally through a secondary settling tank 7 with an - * -j effective colume of 900 m . The residence time of the sewage in the aerating basin 4 is 2.7 hours, and 3150 kg 0 /d is introduced by oxygen feeding unit 6. In the secondary settling tank 7 cleaned sewage and activated sludge are separated. A fraction of the precipitated sludge is recirculated into the mixing tank 3 through the pipeline 8, while the excess of sludge is led through pipeline 9 to the primary settling tank 2, wherefrom it is removed with the primary sludge through the pipeline 10. Appropriately prepared zeolite of suitable grain size is fed into the mixing tank 3 from the preparation container 11, as a consequence of which in the water leaving the secondary settling tank 7 through outlet 12 suspended material, ammonium, phosphorus, accordingly B0I(-, C0I, as well as heavy metal contents are consider¬ ably decreased. Pretreated sewage leaving the secondary settling tank 7 through outlet 12 is led through one of the zeolite beds 13 working alternately. Beds 13 are filled with specially pre-treated material of proper grain size and of high clinoptilolite and/or mordenite content. 2 The surface amounts to 2 x 130 m while the volume equals to 400 m . The rest of suspended material and of ammonium is re¬ moved in zeolite beds 13 and the treated water flows through the buffer tank 14 and pipeline 21 into a recipient or to a place of utilization. Zeolite beds 13 are flushed with purified water from buffer tank 14 through pipeline 15. Sludge floccules areremoved from the upper layers and dhe flush-water with the sludge is fed back through flush-water duct 22 to the primary set±ling tank 2. After settling, the sludge may be removed from the primary settling tank 2 through pipeline 10. Exhausted zeolite beds 13 are flushed with, the aqueous solution of potassium salt from container 17 through pipeline 18. I n such a manner their ammonium-removing ability can be restored. Regenerating solution can be fed back to the container 17 through the pipeline 19 and can be repeatedly used. During regeneration, ammon— ium is exchanged for potassium in zeolite and the aqueous solution of potassium-salt enriched with ammon¬ ium is emitted through pipeline 20 and can be well utilized for plant nutrition. On domparing the advantages of the process according to the invention with known and presently used sewage treatments, the following can be summarized: - appreciably less construction and installation is required for the treatment capacity; - the operation needs far less energy; - when realizing the tertiary treatment, by techno¬ logical interventions and an energy requirement, which, related to the unit of purification capacity - included the cost- and energy demands connected to the establishment and operation of the first and second stage of sewage treatment - result in considerable savings in respect to investment and operation costs, the more, when compared to present known processes, savings can be achieved even in respect to the investment costs of the first and second stages of puri ication; - on attaching the process according to the invention to existing complete biological sewage treatments, which perform nitrification or total oxidization, the capacity of existing plants can be essentially increased; - environment contaminating substances considered as harmful up to now can be recovered as useful materials for agriculture without inter erring with ecological interests; - by denitrification water is produced of a purity, which, enables its industrial utilization without any further treatment; ~ a3 a result of treatment the sludge can more easily be dehydrated, even the stabilizing processes may be omitted; - the sludge formed can be utilized in the agriculture, since - it increases the organic substance content of soils, - it increases the nutrient content of soils, — it improves the water-economy of the soil in the root-zone, - nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are retarded; - as a result of the aforemen io ed effects fertil¬ izer requirement of the soils will be less; - as a result of the aforementioned effects elution of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients can be di¬ minished, consequently nitrate contamination of underground waters and eutropication of recipients can be avoided^ - acidification of soil3 owing to the intense use of fertilizers can be suppressed or even avoided; - fixed heavy metals can not exert hazardous effects. On taking into account all these advantages, by utilization of the process according to the invention, the permanent and wide ranging deterioration of water quality can be slowed down, stopped or even reversed.

Claims: Claims : 1. Process for removal of suspended materials, biogenetic nutrients and dissolved metal compounds from water being contaminated with organic and/or inorganic substances, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that contaminated water is bror rht into contact with an agent, which contains salts r cations mono-, bi- or trivalent metals in a maxi x m quantity of 50 Mp.cent and in a minimum quantity of 0 mp.cent rock granules containing at least 25 Mp.cent zeolite - preferably clinoptilolite and/or mordenite. 2. Process as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the applied agent has a controlled content of metal salts resp. metal cations, where metal content in said agent is increased in the intreated or dehydrated zeolite containing granules by ion-exchange, adsorption or impregnation or by the combination of these processes, and that the material thus obtained is homogenized. 3» Process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that in course of mechanical and/ or biological sewage treatment the waste water and/or the recirculation sludge from secondary settling is contacted with an agent of a grain size less than 200 micrometer. 4. Process as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that biological sewage treatment is carried out without nitri ication, but with a complete oxidation of carbon compounds, and the water af er secondary settling is passed through one or more beds connected in series or parallel illed with zeolite of grain size between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 2 and 5 * nn, where residual ammonium i3 bound. 5« Process as claimed in claim 4, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the ammonium binding capacity of zeolite af er having been exhausted, is regenerated with aqaeous potassium salt solution. 6. Process as claimed in claim 5, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that in course of regeneration of the zeolite regenerating solution enriched in ammonium is led for direct utilization as a nutrient for plants, or the ammonia-gas expelled from the regenerating solution is absorbed in phosphoric acid and the solution thus obtained is used as a liquid fertilizer. 7. Process as claimed in claim 5, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that regenerating solution being en¬ riched in ammonium after regeneration is mixed with additives eventually needed and with appropria ely pre- treated primary sludge and excess sludge in a proportion depending on sludge quality in order to produce after homogenization organic fertilizer. 8. Process as claimed in claim 4, c h a r a c - t e r i z e d in that exhausted zeolite is biologically regenerated. 9. Equipment for carrying out the process according to any of the claims 1 to 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that sewage is fed through pipe/l/ in the primary settling tank/2/, from which a pipe/2a/ is leading to the mixing tank/3/, into which the agent from preparation container/ll/ is introduced through pipeline/lla/ and the recirculation sludge from secondary settling tank/7/ is introduced through pipeline/8/, furtheron the mixing tank /3/ ia linked by the pipe/3a/ to the adsorption zone/5/ having a common water communication with the aeration basin/4/ provided with oxygen introduction/6/, from here pipe/4a/ is leading to the secondary settling tank/7/ therefrom a fraction of the sludge is recirculated through the pipeline/8/ in mixing tank/3/ and the excess sludge is fed back through the pipeline/9/ in the primary settling tank/2/, from where the sludge is removed through pipeline/10/; treated water leaves the secondary settling tank/7/ through the outlet pipe/12/. 10. Equipment as claimed in claim 9» c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that outlet/12/ of the secondary settling tank/7/ is leading to one or more zeolite beds/13/, if more, connected in series or parallel, furtheron both the top and the bottom of the zeolite bed/s/ are con¬ nected by pipelines/l8, 19/ respectively, with the container/17/ containing the regenerating solution, further through the outlet/l3a/ the discharge is possible into the buffer tank/l4/ provided with outlet pipeline/21/ and with re-flush pipeline/15/ to zeolite beds/13/, where- from the flush leaves through duct/22/ in primary settling tank/2/ and at last, from the container/17/ the aquάous solution of potassium salt enriched in ammonium can be discharged through pipeline/20/.

Inventors: APRO ISTVAEN, CZEPEK GYULA, DEAK BELA, GAL TIVADAR, HOSSZU ADAM, KALLO DENES, KISS JENOE, LOVAS ANDRAS, MESZAROS AGNES, MUCSY GYOERGY, OLAH JOZSEF, PAPP JANOS, TOEROECSIK FERENC, URBANYI GYOERGY, APRO, ISTVAEN, CZEPEK, GYULA, DEAK, BELA, GAL, TIVADAR, HOSSZU, ADAM, KALLO, DENES, KISS, JENOE, LOVAS, ANDRAS, MESZAROS, AGNES, MUCSY, GYOERGY, OLAH, JOZSEF, PAPP, JANOS, TOEROECSIK, FERENC, URBANYI, GYOERGY
Applicants: KELETMAGYARORSZAGI VIZUEGYI, MTA KOEZPONTI KEMIAI KUTATO IN, VIZEPITOEIPARI TROESZT, VIZGAZDALKODASI TUDOMANYOS KUT, KELETMAGYARORSZAGI VIZUEGYI TERVEZOE VALLALAT, KOEZPONTI KEMIAI KUTATO INTEZET, VIZGAZDALKODASI TUDOMANYOS KUTATO KOEZPONT
Application year: 1985
Main classification: C02F1
IPC codes: C02F1, C02F3, C02F9