PROCESS OF PRE-TREATING MIXTURES, HAVING TWO OR MORE COMPONENTS, FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS; MAINLY PRE-TREATING MIXTURES CONTAINING OIL AND WATER FOR COMBUSTION

Abstract: The essence of the process is to expose the mixture to high-speed impact(s) and/or periodical pressure change at room temperature or optionally in pre-heated state.

Description: PR0CESS -OP PRE-TREATING MIXTURES, HAYING TWO OR MORE COMPONENTS, POR CHEMICAL REACTIONS; MAINLY PRE-TREATING MIXTURES CONTAINING OIL AND WATER POR COMBUSTION Technical field " The invention relates to a process of pre-treating mixtures, having two or more components, for chemical reactions; main y pre-treating πiixtures ccntaining oil and water for combustion. Background art It is known that heterogeneous chemical reactions, especia-lLy combustion, can be carried out faster and with higher efficiency when the reacting components are- atomized and the small reacting particles can directly contact each other. Disclosure of invention The aim of the present invention is to treat mixtures, consisting of different components, so as at least one of the components become disintegrated into ver.γ small particles. The process of the invention is expected to come into general use especialLy in the field of firing- technique, so the invention will be described mainl. " from firing-technical aspects. Hence combustion is also a chemical reaction, the subject matter of the invention necessarily meets the unit.y requirements. Under "mixture" either emulsions of fluids or suspensions of solid particles in fluids are understood. No distinction is made between mixtures according to the dispersion degree of their components when describing the invention. Thus, the invention relates to the pre-treatment of all the mixtures of different fluids, irixtures of fluids containing a solid phase and other fluids, etc. Prom this aspect the rule of one or more components in the chemical reaction, or besides it, does not make any difference. Under "combustion" firing-technical processes carried cut not only in traditional, e.g. brickset furnace, cut, among others, in internal combustion engines cr in the combustion chamber of gas turbines are understood. As it was already mentioned it is very important when carrying out chemical reactions, like in the field oi' firing-technique, that the reacting phases, i.e. the fuel in firing-techniques, be disintegrated as much as possible. This is the reason of preparing pulverized coal and of atomizing oil. Nevertheless, all known processes for crushing and pulverizing give rise to rather big particles in the fuel mass and these big particles can be combusted in a relatively slow process. Thus, generally excess air must be applied in the ϋirnace fcr the sake of perfect combustion of the fuel, as the time of the combustion is relatively long and the burning particles are rather big. However, the application of excess air is disadvantageous. Some of these disadvantages are the following. The heat loss, carried out from the furnace by the nitrogen of the air as physical heat, in dependence upon the excess air factor, is the first to mention. It is another disadvantage that the percenτage ratio of carbon dioxide is low in the flue gas and that of carbon monoxide is rather high, moreover the NO and sulfur content cf the flue gas is also high. These latter components of the flue gas are also troublesome in environment protectional respect, moreover they show the bad efficiency of combustion. During the elaboration of the process of the invention it was our aim to disintegrate at least one component of the mixture, e.g. the fuel, into much smaller particles than it was possible by the kno ~~ _. crushing methods and pulverizing techniques. According to the process of the invention t e mixture is subjected to impacts with such a high speed and/or its pressure periodically changed within ε_.:_h a high range that the tension in at least one component of the mixture will be higher than the shear stress according to the formula for Newtoni≥n fluids. If one can give rise to such a high tensicr. in at least one component of the mixture, then this component will be atomized into particles of ai csτ molecular size. Combustion passes off extremely fast when introducing a so highly atomized medium intc the furnace, and besides this the whole combustion pr:oess can easily be controlled according to the needs. The process of the invention can generall.y ce carried out at room temperature. Nevertheless, so m etimes, e.g. when pulverizing a high-viscosity fuel oil, higher temperatures must be used so as the disintegration be more efficient. In cases like this heating up car. ce carried out before applying the process of the inv-ntion, or dissipation heat can be transferred into the miiture during the process, so as to reach the required temperature. Thus, the essence of the process according ~ o the invention is to expose a mixture to high-speed ir_ ~ actε and/or periodical pressure change at room temperature or after pre-heating. An advantageous wa.y of carrying out the process of the invention is to heat the mixture during the treatment. It is advisable to carry out the process of the invention so as, because of the impacts and/or pressure change, the tension in at least one component be higher than the . shear stress characterizing that component in a state, which state is determined by the given "ϋemperature and the given pressure of the mixture. The process of the invention is carried out suitably in a disintegrator which is shown in Pigure I. The essence of this solution is that the mixture to be pre-treated is passing between two conical cylinders provided with gearings rotating in each other. After introducing the mixture pre-treated according to the invention into a furnace, combustion processes are extremely fast, because almost a ' ll the molecules of the fuel contact the oxygen molecules, and thus all the conditions of the combustion reaction are immediately met. Modes of carrying out the invention The process of the invention is elucidated by the aid of the following non-limiting Example. Example In the disintegrator shown in Pigure 1 an emulsion is prepared from 8 to 10 percent by volume of water and 90 to 92 percent by volume of sc-called ma3_yn diesel fuel by passing the mixture of these two components through the disintegrator. The test data of the thus-obtained emulsion prove that a ship diesel engine supplied with this emulsion works v thout any loss in its performance, in comparison with the usual light diesel fuel used for this purpose. Moreover, there is a fuel savement of about 4.5 to β percent by weight and, by taking into account the present prices, an 6 to 10 percent reduction in the fuel costs. Finally, the pollution data of the engine supplied with the emulsion are better, particularly the NO emission is reduced. The mixture is passed with a velocity of 250 to 300 m/sec through the disintegrator of the Example but this velocity can be, in general, between 150 m/sec anc "J r, ■ - • • ~ / . - -

Claims: What we claim is, 1. A process of pre-treating mixtures, having two or more components, for chemical reactions; mainly pre-treating mixtures containing oil and water for combustion, c h a r a c t e r i s e d by exposing the mixture to high-speed impact(s} and/or periodical pressure change at room temperature or optionally in pre-heated state. 2. Process as claimed in claim 1,. c h a r a c ¬ t e i z e d by heating the mixture also during the treatment. 3. Process as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by giving rise to a tension in ε ~ least one component of the mixture by impact(s) and/cr pressure change, ' which tension is higher than the shear stress characterizing the component in.the state of the treatment.

Inventors: ENTZMANN KARL, KORCYL BELA, VARGA JOZSEF, ZSOLYOMI ZOLTAN, ENTZMANN, KARL, KORCYL, BELA, VARGA, JOZSEF, ZSOLYOMI, ZOLTAN
Applicants: TATABANYAI SZENBANYAK
Application year: 1985
Main classification: B01J19
IPC codes: B01F5, B01F7, B01J19, F23K5