NON-CONTACT TYPE TONOMETER

Abstract: A non-contact type tonometer for measuring intraccular pressure of human eye. The tonometer includes a fluid ejection nozzle to eject a fluid toward a cornea of an eye to be tested and an alignment control apparatus. The alignment control apparatus comprises a pair of alignment optional system disposed in such a manner as to intersect the respective optical axes at one point on the axial line of the fluid ejection nozzle and in symmetrical positions with respect to each other, with the axial line of symmetry. The alignment optical system each includes an index projection optical system for projecting an index spot light which is in condition in parallel light rays toward the cornea and an index detection system for forming vertical image of the index spot light produced by means of the corneal specular reflection of the eye on an observation system as an index image through a part of an index projection optical system of the other alignment optical system. Whereby an alignment control between the eye to be tested and the fluid ejection nozzle is made by means of confirming a superposed relation of the pair of index image formed on the observation system.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [Field of the Invention] This invention relates to a non-contact type tonometer in which a fluid for transfiguring a cornea is ejected toward the cornea in order to transfigure thereof and the intraocular pressure is measured based on the transfiguration of the cornea, and more particularly to an improvement of an alignment control apparatus with respect to the cornea under test. [Description of the Related Art] Heretofore, a non-contact type tonometer is known as disclosed in, for example, a USP 3,756,073. This conventional non-contact type tonometer utilizes an air pulse as a fluid for transfiguring the cornea. The conventional non-contact type tonometer includes a fluid ejecting nozzle adapted to eject the air pulse. The axis of the fluid ejecting nozzle is such arranged as to be in alignment with an optical axis of an observation optical system for observing the cornea. When the optical axis and the corneal axis connecting the corneal vertex to the center of curvature of the cornea are brought to be in alignment with respect to each other, and the distance from the center of curvature of the cornea to the tip portion of the fluid ejecting nozzle is set to be in a predetermined distance, the fluid ejecting nozzle ejects the air pulse toward the cornea under test by regarding that the alignment has been just completed. The cornea under test is pressurized and transfigured flat by the air pulse. The deformation under pressure of the cornea is detected by a monitoring system including a light transmitter adapted to project a collimated beam of light onto the cornea and a telescopic receiver adapted to receive a reflection light from the cornea. The non-contact type tonometer is such designed as to measure the intraocular pressure based on a predetermined quantity of deformation of the cornea. The related art disclosed in the USP 3,756,073 includes an alignment verification system adapted to verify the alignment between the corneal axis and the optical axis of an observation optical system and also to verify the distance (hereinafter referred to "working distance") from the center of curvature of the cornea to the tip portion of the fluid ejecting nozzle. The alignment verification system for the conventional non-contact tonometer includes a target projection system adapted to project an image of the target toward the cornea. The alignment verification system disclosed in the USP 3,756,073 uses an objective lens of the observation optical system as the target projection system in common. In the alignment verification system, the light from the target is projected in such a manner as to form an image in the center of the curvature of the cornea through the objective lens, and a reflected light due to specular reflection of the cornea is returned again to the observation optical system through the objective lens in order to reimage a target image on the aiming reticle. According to the conventional non-contact type tonometer, the alignment with respect to the cornea is effected according to the sharpness and the position of the target image on the aiming reticle. However, the conventional alignment verification system has such a problem as that the alignment with respect to the cornea can not be effected correctly, since only one target image formed on the aiming reticle makes it difficult to examine the sharpness of the image and the position thereof on the aiming reticle in detail. Furthermore, the related art has such a disadvantage as that since the light from target is projected in order to form the target image in the center of curvature of the cornea, the working distance is obliged to depend on the radius of curvature of the cornea of the eye under test. Thus, measuring errors are often resulted. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide a non-contact type tonometer wherein a correct working distance can be obtained without depending on the radius of curvature of the cornea of the eye under test. A second object of the invention is to provide a non-contact type tonometer wherein an index projection optical system and a corneal transfiguration monitoring system adapted to detect the corneal transfiguration can be served for a double purpose. For achieving aforementioned object, the feature of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention is that there is provided a pair of alignment optical systems disposed opposite to an eye to be tested in symmetrical positions with respect to an optical axis of an observation optical system, each of the alignment optical system comprising an index projection optical system adapted to project an index light to the cornea in a form of parallel bundle of rays, and an index detecting system adapted to form a virtual image of the index light produced due to specular reflection of the cornea of the eye under test to the observating means through the index projection optical system of the other alignment optical system as an index image, an alignment verification between the eye under test and a nozzle being made by means of confirming a superposed relation of the pair of index images formed on the observating means. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figs. 1 through 6 illustrate a non-contact type tonometer according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein: Fig. 1 is an optical system diagram showing the whole construction thereof; Fig. 2 is an optical system diagram showing the reflection light flux at a time when an alignment of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention is adjusted; Fig. 3 is an optical system diagram for explaining the detection optical path of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention at a time when a cornea is transfigured; Figs. 4 through 6 are illustrations for explaining the operation of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention at a time when an alignment is adjusted; Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a non-contact type tonometer according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein: Fig. 7 is an optical system diagram of the reflection light flux at a time when an alignment thereof is adjusted; Fig. 8 is an optical system diagram for explaining the detection optical path thereof at a time when a cornea is transfigured; Figs. 9 through 18 illustrate a non-contact type tonometer according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein: Fig. 9 is an optical system diagram showing a constitution of an important portion thereof; Fig. 10 is an optical system diagram for explaining a reticle image projection optical system and a diopter compensation optical system of a non-contact type tonometer thereof; Fig. 11 is an optical system for explaining a corneal transfiguration detecting condition; Fig. 12 is an optical system for explaining a reflection light flux thereof; Fig. 13 is an illustration for explaining the diopter compensation optical system shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 14 is an illustration for explaining a character of a filter according to the present invention; Fig. 15 is a schematic illustration of a reticle image formed in an image pick up plane by the reticle image projection optical system shown in Fig. 10; Figs. 16 to 18 are illustrations for explaining the operation of a non-contact type tonometer according to the third embodiment at the time when an alignment is adjusted. Figs. 19 through 23 illustrate a non-contact type tonometer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein: Fig. 19 is an illustration showing an important portion of an optical system thereof; Fig. 20 is a plan view of a wavelength selection filter shown in Fig. 19; Fig. 21 is a transmission characteristic graph of the wave length selection filter shown in Fig. 19; Fig. 22 is a transmission characteristic graph of the wavelength selection filter shown in Fig. 19; and Fig. 23 is an illustration for showing a relation of a wavelength area among a front eye portion illumination light, an index spot light, and a corneal transfiguration detection light of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS A preferred embodiment of an alignment adjustment apparatus of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention will be described hereunder with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figs. 1 through 6 illustrate a first embodiment of a non-contact type tonometer according to the present invention. In Figs. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes an observation optical system, ℓ denotes an optical axis thereof. Reference numeral 2 denotes a cornea of an eye to be tested. The observation optical system 1 generally comprises a lens 3, an aiming plate 4 as observation means, and an ocular 5, so that an image of the anterior portion of the eye to be tested can be enlarged for observation by the ocular 5. Disposed at a focal position of the lens 3 is a fixation light source 6. A person to be tested observes this fixation light source 6 at an indefinite distance through the lens 3 while being tested. The observation optical system 1 is provided at a co-axis of its optical axis ℓ a fluid ejection nozzle 7. The fluid ejection nozzle 7 has such a function as to eject an air pulse as a fluid for transfiguring the cornea from a front end 7a of the nozzle 7 toward the cornea 2 to be tested. The cornea 2 is flatened under pressure in an applanation state as shown in Fig. 3 by the air pulse. The air pulse is ejected when a corneal axial line m connecting a corneal curvature center 0₁ to a corneal vertex 0₂ is in alignment with the optical axis ℓ, and a distance ℓ₁ from the corneal vertex 0₂ to the nozzle front end 7a is set in a predetermined distance. The non-contact type tonometer has an alignment adjustment apparatus for adjusting a position from the nozzle front end 7a to the corneal vertex 0₂. The alignment apparatus comprises a first alignment optical system 8, and a second alignment optical system 9. The pair of alignment optical systems 8 and 9 intersect at one point at the respective optical axes thereof and are located on the optical axis ℓ of the observation optical system. Due to the foregoing, both the alignment optical systems 8 and 9 are disposed symmetric relative to each other with respect to the optical axis ℓ. A first index projection system 8a of the first alignment optical system 8 comprises an index light source 10, a lens 11, a diaphragm 12, a half mirror 13, a variable diaphragm 14, and a lens 15. A second index projection system 9a of the second alignment optical system 9 generally comprises an index light source 16, a lens 17, a diaphragm 18, a half mirror 19, and a lens 20. The index spot light from the index light source 10 is formed with an image within a plane including the diaphragm by the lens 11, guided to the lens 15 as if it were produced from the diaphragm 12, and converted to parallel bundle of rays for projecting toward the cornea 2 by the lens 15. On the other hand, the spot light from the index light source 16 is formed with an image within a plane including the diaphragm 18 by the lens 17, guided to the lens 20 as if it were produced from the diaphragm 18, and converted to parallel bundle of rays for projecting toward the cornea by the lens 20. The cornea 2 is formed with virtual images i1 and i2 of an index spot light by the specular reflection thereof. These virtual images i1 and i2 are formed in symmetric positions with an optical axis ℓ serving as a symmetric line when a corneal axial line m and the optical axis ℓ are brought to be in alignment with each other. The first alignment optical system 8 has, as shown in Fig. 2, a first index detection system 8b for guiding the reflection light for forming the virtual image i2 to the aiming plate 4 through a half mirror 13, total reflection mirrors 21, 22 and 23, and half mirrors 24 and 25. Similarly, the second alignment optical system 9 has a second index detection system 9b for guiding a reflection light for forming the virtual image i1 to the aiming plate 4 through a half mirror 19, 26, a total reflection mirror 27, and half mirrors 28, 24, and 25. The aiming plate 4 is formed with a pair of index images S1 corresponding to the index spot light. The pair of index images S1 are, as shown in Fig. 4, brought to be in a superposed relation at an intersecting point of a cross line of the aiming plate 4, when the optical axis ℓ and the corneal axial line m are brought to be in alignment with each other, and a distance ℓ1 from a nozzle front end 7a to a corneal vertex 02 is set to a predetermined distance d. When the optical axis ℓ and the corneal axial line m are not in alignment with each other, or the distance ℓ1 from the nozzle front end 7a to the corneal vertex 02 is not set to the predetermined distance, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the pair of index images S1 are visually confirmed in a separated state, and at the same time, the pair of index images S1 are out of pint or blurred. Accordingly, an alignment control can be made by confirming the superposed relation of the pair of index images S1, and the alignment at the intersecting point of the cross line. In this embodiment, there are disposed liquid crystal shutters 29 and 30 as shutter plates in the middle of an optical system path for guiding the reflection light for forming the virtual images i1 and i2 based on the corneal specular reflection to the aiming plate 4. The liquid crystal shutters 29 and 30 are electrically controlled, so that when one of the liquid crystal shutters 29 and 30 is in its shut off state, the other is in a non-shut off state. When the pair of index images S1 are not in superposed relation, the blinking of the index image S1 can be visually confirmed. Accordingly, whether the pair of index images S1 are in superposed relation can be confirmed by confirming the blinking of the pair of index images S1. The half mirror 25 has the function that a part of the reflection light for forming the virtual images i1 and i2 based on the corneal specular reflection is guided to a detector 32 through a diaphragm 31. The detector 32 has the function that the detection light quantity becomes maximum when the corneal axial line m1 and the optical axis ℓ are in alignment and the distance d from the corneal vertex 02 to the nozzle front end 7a is set to the predetermined distance, and a drive signal is outputted toward an air pulse generator (not shown). Actuation of the air pulse generator causes the air pulse to be ejected from the fluid ejection nozzle 7. In Fig. 3, an arrow X shows the ejecting direction of the air pulse. The first alignment optical system 8 serves as a detection light projection optical system for projecting a corneal transfiguration detection light when the cornea is transfigured. A part of the second alignment optical system constitutes a part of the light receiving optical system for receiving the reflection light of the corneal transfiguration detection light. The index spot light from the index light source 10 is guided to the half mirror 13 as a corneal transfiguration detection light, diaphragmed by a variable diaphragm 14 and guided to a lens 15, and parallel bundle of rays are projected toward the corneal 2 and reflected by the cornea 2. The reflection light is guided to a diaphragm 33 through lens 20, half mirror 19, and half mirror 26, and formed an image at the diaphragm 33, and is detected by a detector 34. Due to the foregoing, the applanation state of the cornea 2 is electrically detected. Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a non-contact type tonometer according to second embodiment of the present invention, in which an objective lens 35 is provided by aligning the optical axis ℓ of the observation optical system 1 and the optical axis thereof, and the objective lens 35 is used both for the lens 15 of the first alignment optical system 8 and the lens 20 of the second alignment optical system 9 in the aforementioned first embodiment. The diaphragm 12 is disposed at a position of a focus f of the objective lens 35, so that a pair of spot lights are converted to parallel bundle of rays by the objective lens 35 and projected to the cornea 2. The reflection light for forming the virtual image i2 based on the corneal specular reflection is guided to the aiming plate 4 through objective lens 35, variable diaphragm 41, half mirror 42, total reflection mirrors 43 and 44, half mirror 40, and half mirror 25, and formed an image on the aiming plate 4. And, a part of the reflection light is guided to the detector 32 by the half mirror 25, as shown in Fig. 7. Similarly, the reflection light for forming a virtual image i1 based on the corneal specular reflection is guided to the aiming plate 4 through the objective lens 35, half mirror 37, 38, 39, 40, and 25 and formed an image thereon. At the same time, a part of the reflection light is guided to the detector 32 by the half mirror 25. In this embodiment, the first alignment optical system 8 serves as a detection light projection optical system for projecting a corneal transfiguration detection light when the cornea is transfigured, and a part of the second alignment optical system 9 serves as a light receiving optical system for receiving a part of the corneal transfiguration detection light. As shown in Fig. 8, the index spot light is diaphragmed by the variable diaphragm 41, guided to the objective lens 35, converted to parallel bundle of rays by the objective lens 35, reflected by the cornea 2 in its applanation state, and guided to the detector 34 through the objective lens 35 and the half mirror 37. According to a second embodiment of the invention, the objective lens 35 can be used for both the index spot light projection optical systems 8 and 9. Accordingly, the first and the second alignment optical systems 8 and 9 can be constituted more compact compared with those of the first embodiment. In Figs. 7 and 8, reference numeral 36 denotes a half mirror for guiding a fixation sight index light from the fixation sight light source 6 to the eye to be tested. In the above-mentioned respective embodiments, the nozzle tube 7 and the optical axis ℓ of the observation optical system are in alignment with each other. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these embodiments. Next, a non-contact type tonometer according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 9 through 18. The observation optical system 1 includes an illuminating means 50 for illuminating the anterior portion of the eye under test, an objective lens 51 for forming an image of the anterior portion, and an observing means 52 for observing the image. The illuminating means 50 comprises four green light emitting diodes 50a-50d. The green light emitting diodes 50a- 50d are arranged around the optical axis ℓ at equal angles. An image pick-up tube 53 is used as the observing means 52 in this embodiment, and the image of the anterior portion of the eye to be tested is formed on the sensing surface 53a of the image pick-up tube 53 through the objective lens 51. Also, a reticle image is formed on the sensing surface 53a through a reticle image projection optical system as will be described later. In Fig. 10, 54 denotes a fixation sight mark projection optical system. The fixation mark projection optical system 54 includes a green light emitting diode 55 as a fixation sight light source, a fixation sight mark plate 56, a total reflection mirror 57, and a half mirror 58. A diopter compensation optical system 59 is disposed between the total reflection mirror 57 and the half reflection mirror 58. The diopter compensation optical system 59 comprises a group of lenses mounted on a turret plate 60, as shown in Fig. 13. The turret plate 60 is fixed with diopter compensation lenses 60a-60e in its peripheral direction. 61 denotes a rotary shaft of the turret plate 60. In this embodiment, the lens 60a is for 0 diopter. Likewise, the lens 60b is for -3 diopter, lens 60c for - 10 diopter, lens 60d for +10 diopter and lens 60e for +3 diopter. The rotation of the turret plate 60 causes the lenses 60a-60e to be selectively added to the fixation mark projection optical system 54 so that diopter of the eye under test may be compensated. In this embodiment, the first alignment optical system 8 comprises an infrared light emitting diode 62 serving as an index spot light forming means, an index projection optical system 63 adapted to project the infrared light serving as the index spot light in the form of parallel bundle of rays toward the cornea 2, and an index detection system 64 adapted to introduce a virtual image of the index spot light produced by means of the corneal specular reflection of the eye under test 2 to a sensing surface 53a through an index projection optical system (as will be described later) of the other alignment optical system 9. The second alignment optical system 9 comprises an infrared light emitting diode 65 serving as an index spot light forming means, an index projection optical system 66 adapted to project the infrared light serving as the index spot light in a form of parallel bundle of rays toward the cornea 2, and an index detection system 67 adapted to guide a virtual image of the index spot light produced by means of the corneal specular reflection of the eye 2 under test to the sensing surface 53a through an index projection optical system 63 of the other alignment optical system 8. The index projection optical system 63 generally comprises a band-pass filter 68, a lens 69, a half mirror 70 and an objective lens 71. While, the index projection optical system 66 generally comprises a band-pass filter 72, a lens 73, a half mirror 74, and an objective lens 75. The infrared light emitting diode 62 and the infrared light emitting diode 65 emit infrared lights having different wavelengths with respect to each other. In this embodiment, the wavelength of the light emitted by the infrared light emitting diode 62 is in the vicinity of 760 nm at its central wavelength, while the wavelength of the light emitted by the other infrared light emitting diode 65 is in the vicinity of 830 nm at its central wavelength. The band-pass filter 68 has such a function as to selectively transmit the infrared light of the wavelength bands as indicated by character C in Fig. 14. On the other hand, the other band-pass filter 72 has such a function as to selectively transmit the infrared light in the wavelength band as indicated by character D in Fig. 14. In Fig. 14, reference character E denotes a transmittance characteristic of a band-pass filter 76. The band-pass filter 76 is disposed between the objective lens 51 and the half mirror 58 of the observation optical system 1, and has such a function as to cut the infrared light and permit the reflected green light reflected on the anterior portion of the eye under test to transmit therethrough. The band-pass filter 68 and band-pass filter 72 are formed with diaphragms 68a, 72a by means of vacuum evaporation coating film, respectively. The infrared light emitted from the infrared light emitting diode 62 and the infrared light emitted from the other infrared light emitting diode 65 are diaphragmed with the flux of light by the diaphragms 68a, 72a and introduced to the lenses 69, 73, respectively. The lenses 69 and 73 have such functions as to form intermediate images P₁, P₂ from the respective infrared light. The objective lenses 71, 75 are positioned to be coincident the focal points thereof with the positions where the intermediate images P₁, P₂ are formed, and have such functions as to convert the infrared lights which were once formed as the intermediate images P₁, P₂ to parallel bundle of rays. As shown in Fig. 9, since the cornea 2 is formed with virtual images i₁, i₂ of the index spot light by the corneal specular reflection based on the projection of the parallel bundle of rays, when the corneal axial line m and optical axis ℓ are brought to be in alignment with respect to each other, the symmetrical positions are formed, with the corneal axial line m serving as an axis of symmetry. The virtual image i₁ is formed by occurrence of projection of the index spot light of the first alignment optical system 8, while the other virtual image i₂ is formed by occurrence of projection of the index spot light of the second alignment optical system 9. As shown in Fig. 12, the index projection optical system 63 has such a function as to introduce the reflection light which forms the virtual image i₂ to the index detection system 67 through the half mirror 70. While, the other index projection optical system 66 has such a function as to introduce the reflection light which forms the virtual image i₁ to the index detection system 64 through the half mirror 74. The index detection system 64 comprises a filter 77, and a total reflection mirror 78. While, the index detection system 67 comprises a filter 79 and a total reflection mirror 80. A filter 79 has such a function as to cut the infrared light having its central wavelength of 760 nm and permit the infrared light having its central wavelength of 830 nm to transmit therethrough. On the other hand, a filter 77 has such a function as to cut the infrared light having its central wavelength of 830 nm and permit the infrared light having its central wavelength of 760 nm to transmit therethrough. The reflection light for forming the virtual images i₁, i₂ are introduced to the sensing surface 53a of the image pick-up tube 53 as observating means by index detection systems 64, 67, and formed as a pair of index images S₁ thereon. A reticle image projection optical system 81 will be described next. The reticle image projection optical system 81 comprises an illumination light source 82, a reticle plate 83, a projection lens 84, and a half mirror 85. A reticle image 86 is, as shown in Fig. 15, formed on the sensing surface 53a of the image pick-up tube 53 by the reticle image projection system 81. In this Fig. 15, 86a denotes a cross line, 86b denotes a boundary frame adapted to determine the completion of alignment. When the pair of index images S₁ enter within the boundary frame 86b, an air pulse generator (not shown) is driven by a detector as will be described later, and an air pulse is ejected from the nozzle tip end 7a. The half mirror 85 has such a function as to introduce a part of the corneal specular reflection light to the detector 32. The detector 32 is arranged in an optical conjugate position with the image sensing surface 53a of the image pick-up tube 53. A filter 87 is provided between the half mirror 85 and the detector 32 in order to cut the illumination light of the illumination light source 82 and 50a-50d and permit the infrared light to transmit therethrough and to reflect thereon. Because of the foregoing arrangement, the detector 32 can receive only the corneal specular reflection light without getting influence of the illumination light emitted from the illumination light source 82. When the optical axis ℓ and the corneal axial line m are brought to be in alignment with respect to each other and the distance ℓ₁ from the nozzle tip end 7a to the corneal vertex 0₂ is set to be in the predetermined distance, the pair of index images S₁ are, as shown in Fig. 16, caused to be in a superposed relation with respect to each other at the intersecting point of the cross line 86a of the reticle plate and simultaneously the images become sharp. On the contrary, when the optical axis ℓ and the corneal axial line m are not in alignment with respect to each other, or when distance from the nozzle tip end 7a to the corneal vertex 0₂ is not set to be in the predetermined distance, the pair of index images S₁ are, as shown in Figs. 17 and 18, recognized by sight in separated states, and simultateously the pair of index images S₁ are in such states as to be blurred. Accordingly, the alignment can be controlled in such a manner as to confirm the mutual superposition of the index images S₁ and the alignment of the images with the intersecting point of the cross line 86a through the image pick-up tube 53. The first alignment optical system 8 serves as a projection optical system of a corneal transfiguration monitoring system for projecting the corneal transfiguration detecting light onto the cornea at the time when the cornea 2 is transfigured. While, a part of the second alignment optical system 9 constitutes a part of the receiving optical system of the corneal transfiguration monitoring system for receiving the reflection light of the corneal transfiguration detection light. The index spot light emitted from the infrared light emitting diode 62 is, as shown in Fig. 11, introduced to the diaphragm 68a as the corneal transfiguration detection light, then introduced to the lens 69 after diaphragmed by the diaphragm 68a, and formed as an intermediate image P₁ by the lens 69. The width of the optical flux of the infrared light serving as the corneal transfiguration detection light is identical with that of the optical flux of the infrared light serving as the index spot light in this embodiment. The intermediate image P₁ is converted to the parallel bundle of rays by the objective lens 71 and projected to the cornea 2. The corneal transfiguration detection light is, as shown in Fig. 11, reflected on the cornea 2 and introduced to the objective lens 75. A half mirror 88 constituting a part of the receiving optical system is disposed between the objective lens 75 and the half mirror 74. The half mirror 88 has such a function as to reflect the corneal transfiguration detection light toward the direction where the diaphragm 89 exists. The diaphragm 89 constitutes a part of the receiving optical system. The diaphragm 89 is arranged in a conjugate position with respect to the focal position of the objective lens 75. The corneal transfiguration detection light is formed as an intermediate image P₃ in the position where the diaphragm 89 is located by the objective lens 75. The size of the intermediate image P₃ is identical with that of an opening 89a formed in the diaphragm 89. The intermediate image P₃ is formed on a detector 34 through a relay lens 90. Based on the foregoing, the state of flatness under pressure is electrically detectable from the changes of the reflected optical quantity of the cornea 2. In the figure, 91 denotes a dust-proofing glass plate. In this embodiment, the filter 79 cuts the reflected infrared light which forms the virtual image i₁ and permits only the reflected infrared light which forms the virtual image i₂ to transmit therethrough, and the other filter 77 cuts the reflected infrared light which forms the virtual image i₂ and permits only the reflected infrared light which forms the virtual image i₁ to transmit therethrough. This means that such a reflection light reflected on the anterior portion of the eye to be tested, such as the cornea, iris, and crystalline lens serving as harmful ingredients, and returned to the index projection optical systems 63, 66 themselves adapted to project the index spot light for forming the virtual images i₁, i₂ among the corneal specular reflection light which forms the virtual images i₁, i₂ can be cut. Accordingly, the image deterioration of the index images S₁ formed on the sensing surface 53a of the image pick-up tube 53 and the receiving surface 32a of the detector 32 can be prevented. Next, a non-contact type tonometer according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 19. In the non-contact type tonometer according to the fourth embodiment, an index spot light for alignment and a corneal transfiguration detection light are different in wavelengths with each other. An index projection optical system 63 includes an index spot light generation means, and corneal transfiguration detection light generation means. The index spot light generation means and the corneal transfiguration detection light generation means generally comprise an incandescent lamp 223 as a common illumination light source, a high-pass filter 224, and a wavelength selection filter 225. The high-pass filter 224 has the function to transmit an illumination light having a wavelength of more than 600 nm among illumination light ejected from the incandescent lamp 223. The wavelength selection filter 225 has the function, as shown in Fig. 20, to transmit an illumination light having a wavelength area of more than 700 nm among illumination light ejected from the incandescent lamp 223 at the peripheral portion 225b thereof, and an illumination light having a wavelength area of more than 600 nm at the central portion 225a thereof. Fig. 21 illustrates a characteristic of this wavelength selection filter 225, wherein reference character A' denotes a filter characteristic at a central portion 225a thereof, while reference character B' denotes a filter characteristic at a peripheral portion 225b thereof. In Fig. 22, reference character C' denotes a filter characteristic of a high-pass filter 224. An illumination light ejected from the incandescent lamp 223 passes through the high-pass filter 224 and the wavelength selection filter 225 and becomes a corneal transfiguration detection light L2 (light flux shown by hatching) and an index spot light L3. In this embodiment, an illumination light having a wavelength range of from 600 nm to 700 nm is used as the corneal transfiguration detection light L2 as shown by reference character E' in Fig. 23, and an illumination light having a wavelength range or more than 700 nm as an index spot light L3 as shown by reference character D' in Fig. 23. In Fig. 23, reference character F' denotes a transmission wavelength characteristic of a band-pass filter 76 same as in the above-mentioned third embodiment. An index projection optical system 66 comprises an incandescent lamp 228 as an illumination light source, a high-pass filter 229, a visible light reflection mirror 88, a half mirror 74, and an objective lens 75 for using both alignment/applanation detection. The high-pass filter 229 has the function to cut an illumination light having a wavelength range of less than 600 nm among illumination light ejected from the incandescent lamp 228, and transmit the illumination light having a wavelength range of more than 600 nm. The visible light reflection mirror 88 has the function to reflect the illumination light having a wavelength range of less than 700 nm and to transmit the light having more than 700 nm in wavelength. The illumination light ejected from the incandescent lamp 228 becomes an index spot light L3 having a wavelength range of more than 700 nm at a time when it passes through the high-pass filter 229 and the visible light reflection mirror 88. As described in the foregoing, according to the present invention, there is provided a pair of alignment optical systems in symmetric positions with an optical axis of an observation optical system serving as a symmetric line for projecting a pair of index spot lights toward a cornea after converting it to parallel bundle of rays and forming a virtual image of a pair of index spot lights due to corneal specular reflection in symmetric positions relative to each other with the optical axis of the observation optical system serving as a symmetric line at a time when a corneal axial line and an optical axis of the observation optical system are brought to be in alignment with each other. Further, the pair of alignment optical systems are constituted as such that a reflection light of an index spot light ejected from one of the alignment optical systems and adapted to form a virtual image based on a corneal specular reflection is formed an index image on an aiming plate through the other alignment optical system. Accordingly, when the optical axis of the observation optical system and the corneal axial line connecting the corneal vertex to the corneal curvature center are not in alignment relative to each other, and the distance from the corneal vertex to the ejection nozzle front end is not set to a predetermined distance, a pair of index images corresponding to virtual images based on the corneal specular reflection are visually confirmed in separated state and in blurred state. Thus, by confirming the superposed relation of the pair of the index images formed on the aiming plate, an alignment between the optical axis of the observation optical system and the corneal axial line, and the distance from the fluid ejection nozzle front end to the corneal vertex can be adjusted simultaneously. Thus, an alignment adjustment can be made accurately. Furtheremore, since the alignment is made in such a manner as to bring the corneal vertex under test in alignment with a point where the optical axes of the first and second alignment optical systems of the optical axis of the observation optical system are intersected, the invention has such an advantage as that the work distance does not depend on the radius of curvature of the cornea under test.

Claims: A non-contact type tonometer comprising (a) a fluid ejection nozzle (7) adapted to eject a fluid towards the cornea (2) of an eye under test for transfiguring the cornea, said nozzle (7) having a front end (7a) facing the cornea (2); (b) an alignment control means (1, 8, 9) having (b1) an index projection optical system (8a, 9a; 63, 66) for projecting an index spot light (10, 16; 62, 65; 223, 228) towards the cornea, (b2) an index detection system (8b, 9b) for detecting an image of said index spot light, and (b3) an observation optical system (1) for observing the image of said index spot light by means of an aiming plate (4; 52) as observation means and an eyepiece (5), wherein (c) the axial line of the fluid ejection nozzle is arranged co-axial with the optical axis (ℓ) of the observation optical system; characterised in that (d) said alignment control means includes a pair of alignment optical systems (8, 9) symmetrically arranged with respect to the axial line (ℓ) of the fluid ejecting nozzle (7) in such a manner that their respective optical axes intersect at one point (A) on the axial line of said fluid ejection nozzle at a predetermined distance (ℓ1) from the nozzle front end (7a); (e) said alignment optical systems each comprises (e1) an index projection optical system (8a, 9a; 63, 66) as defined according to feature (b1), each said index projection optical system being adapted to project the index spot light (10, 16; 62, 65; 223, 228) towards the cornea (2) by forming a parallel bundle of rays, and to produce virtual images (i₁, i₂) by means of corneal specular reflection of the eye under test, and (e2) an index detection system (8b, 9b; 64, 67) as defined according to feature (b2), each said index detection system being adapted to form the virtual images onto the observation means (4; 52) as a pair of index images (S1), each index image being formed by additional means of the index projection optical system of the other alignment optical system; and whereby (f) an alignment control both between the corneal axial line (m) and the optical axis (ℓ) of the fluid ejection nozzle and with respect to the intersecting point (A) is made by means of confirming a mutually superposed relation of the pair of index images formed on said observation means. The non-contact type tonometer according to claim 1, wherein one of said alignment optical systems (8, 9) is used as a detection light projection optical system (8a,14,63) adapted to project the corneal transfiguration detecting light at a time when said fluid is ejected from said fluid ejection nozzle (7), and the other alignment optical system (8, 9) constitutes a part (20,75) of a receiving optical system (20,26,33,34;75,88,89,90,34) adapted to receive the reflected light of said corneal transfiguration detecting light. The non-contact type tonometer according to claim 1, wherein said pair of alignment optical systems (8, 9) are provided with a pair of light shutters (29,30) disposed in a middle way of the optical path for introducing the reflection light to said observating means (4,5;52) and adapted to shut one of them off when the other is not shut off, the pair of index images S₁ being blinked when said index images S₁ are not in a superposed relation. The non-contact type tonometer according to any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein said observation optical system is provided with an illumination means (50) for illuminating an anterior portion of said eye under test, and an objective lens (3, 35, 71, 75) for forming an image of said anterior portion as intermediate image, said pair of index spot lights being infrared light having different wavelength each other, the illumination light of said illumination means being a visible light. The non-contact type tonometer according to claim 1, wherein an observation optical system (1) is provided with an illumination light generation means of said index projection optical system (8), and an objective lens (35, 51, 71, 75) for forming an image of said front eye portion as an intermediate image, one of said alignment optical systems (8, 9) having a corneal transfiguration detection light generation means for generating a corneal transfiguration detection light and also used as a detecting light projection optical system (8, 9) for projecting said corneal transfiguration detection light, the other alignment optical system having a receiving means for receiving the reflection light based on said corneal transfiguration of said corneal transfiguration detection light, the illumination light of said illumination means, said index spot light, and said corneal transfiguration detection light being different in wavelength range. The non-contact type tonometer according to claim 5, wherein the wavelength of the illumination light of the anterior portion is in the range of from 500 to 600 nm, the wavelength of said index spot light is in the range of more than 700 nm, and the wavelength of said corneal transfiguration detection light is in the range of from 600 to 700 nm. A non-contact type tonometer according to claim 6, wherein said index spot light generation means and said corneal transfiguration detection light generation means comprise a common illumination light source(223), a high-pass filter (224) for transmitting an illumination light flux having a wavelength of more than 700 nm out of a wavelength of illumination light from said source (223), a wavelength selective filter (225) for selectively transmitting the illumination light flux having a wavelength of more than 600 nm, said wavelength selective filter (225) having a central portion (225a) and a peripheral portion (225b), said central portion (225a)transmitting the illumination light having a wavelength of more than 600 nm, said peripheral portion (225b) transmitting said illumination light, and visible light reflection means (88) having the function to reflect the light which passes through the central portion (225a) and which has a wavelength of 600 nm to 700 nm and to transmit the light which passes through the whole portion of said wavelength filter (225) and which has a wavelength of more than 700 nm.

Inventors: KOBAYASHI, KATSUHIKO
Applicants: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOPCON
Application year: 1985
Main classification: A61B3
IPC codes: A61B3