SEPARATION AGENT COMPRISING ALIPHATIC OR AROMATIC ESTER OF POLYSACCHARIDE

Abstract: A separation agent essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially op­ tical resolution of optical isomers.

Description: Separation Agent Comprising Aliphatic or Aromatic Ester of polysaccharide The invention relates to a separation agent which essentially comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. It is useful for separation of various chemical substances, especially optical resolution of optical isomers. The resolving agent of the present invention can be used for separation of all sorts of chemical substances, particularly for optical resolution of them. It has been well known that optical isomers of a chemical compound have effects different from each other in vivo generally. Therefore, it is an important problem to obtain optically pure compounds for the purposes of improving medicinal effects per unit dose of them and removing adverse reactions thereof and damages from them in medical, agricultural and biochemical fields. A mixture of optical isomers has been optically resolved by preferential crystallization or diastereomer process. However, varieties of compounds capable of being optically resolved by these processes are limited and these processes require a long time and a much labor. Under these circumstances, developsent of a technique of conducting the optical resolution by an easy chromatographic process has eagerly been demanded. Prior Art3 Chromatographic optical resolution has been investigated from old times. However, resolving agents developed heretofore have problems that they have only an unsatisfactory resolution efficiency, compounds to be resolved should have a specific functional group and their stability is only poor. Thus, it has been difficult to optically resolve all sorts of compounds with satisfactory results. Object of the Invention} An object of the present invention is to provide a resolving agent having a chemical structure different from those of known resolving agents, particularly the resolving agents containing cellulose triacetate, as an effective component, and therefore, the resolving characteristics different from those of the known ones or a higher faculty of discriminating and identifying the optical isomers. CConstruction of the Invention# The above-mentioned object of the present invention is attained by a resolving agent containing an aliphatic acid ester of a polysaccharide excluding cellulose acetate as effective component. The resolving agent of the invention exhibits preferably different powers of adsorbing different optical isomers of a given compound. The term "polysaccharides" herein involves any optically active polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of synthetic, natural and modified natural polysaccharides. Among them, those having highly regular linkages are preferred. Examples of them include ss-1,4-glucans (celluloses), &alpha;-1,4- glucans (amylose and amylopectin), &alpha; ;-1,6-glucan (dextran), ss-1,6-glucan (pstulan), ss-1,3-glucans such as curdlan and schizophyllan, a-1,3-glucan, ss-1,2-glucan (Crown gall polysaccharide), ss-1,4- galactan, ss-1,4mannan, a-1,6-mannan, ss-1,2-fructan (inulin), ss-2,6-fructan (levan), ss-1,4-xylan, (3-1, 3-xylan, (3-1, 4-chitosan, (3-1, 4-N-acetylchitosan (chitin), pullulan, agarose and alginic acid. Still preferred ones are those capable of easily yielding highly pure polysaccharides, such as cellulose, amylose, ss-1,4-chitosan, chitin, ss-1,4-mannan, 8-1,4-xylan, inulin, curdlan and a-1,3-glucan¯ These polysaccharides have a number-average degree of polymerization (average number of pyranose or furanose rings in the molecule) of at least 5, preferably at least 10. Though there is provided no upper limit of the degree of polymerization, it is preferably 500 or less from the viewpoint of easiness of the handling. The term ¯aliphatic esters of polysaccharides" herein refers to polysaccharides wherein 30 to 100%, preferably 85 to 100%, on average of the total hydroxyl groups are esterified with an aliphatic carboxylic acid. The term "aliphatic carboxylic acids means that having an acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon skeleton having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, being free of any aromatic or heteroaromatic group. Exaieples of them include acetic acid (which is excluded when the polysaccharide is cellulose), propionic acid and cycloalkanecarboxylic acids having a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring. They include also those having an unsaturated bond, such as propiolic and acrylic acid derivatives. These carboxylic acids may have a substituent containing a hereto atom such as a halogen, nitrogen or oxygen. The term "aromatic carboxylic acids" herein refers to those having an aromatic ring having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferred aromatic carboxylic acids are those having carboxyl groups directly bonded with the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring. They may have further a substituent bonded with the ring. In the polysachride, the hydroxyl groups other than those forming the linkage bond with the above-mentioned carboxylic acid may be present in the form of free hydroxyl groups or they may be esterified, etherified or carbamoylated so far as the resolving ability of the resolving agent is not damaged. The esterification for forming the fatty acid esters of the polysaccharides used in the present invention may be conducted by a known process for the esterification of cellulose or amylose (see, for example, Dai-Yuki Sagaku 19, 1Tennen Kobunshi Kagaku I' published by Asakura Book Store, p. 124). For example, generally used esterifying agents are anhydrides and halides of corresponding carboxylic acids, particularly acid chlorides. It is preferred to use a tertiary amine base or Lewis acids as the catalyst. The reaction solvent may be any solvent so far as it does not inhibit the esterification reaction, such as pyridine or quinoline which acts also as the base. -Frequently, a catalyst such as 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine is effective in accelerating the reaction. Further, a corresponding carboxylic acid combined with a dehydrating agent may also be reacted with the polysaccharide to obtain the ester. Since most of the#polysaccharides used as the starting material have. a low reactivity, it is preferable that, they are activated by dissolution/ reprecipitation or dissolution/freeze drying treatment or by using a reaction solvent in which the polysaccharides are soluble. The resolving agent of the present invention is used for the purpose of resolving compounds and optical isomers thereof generally according to a chromatographic method such as gas, liquid or thin layer chromatographic method. Further, the resolving agent may be used in membrane resolution method. In using the resolving agent of the present invention in the liquid chromatography, there may be employed a method wherein the powdered resolving agent is packed in a column, a method wherein a capillary column is coated with the resolving agent, a method wherein a capillary is made from the resolving agent to use the inner wall thereof and a method wherein the resolving agent is spun and bundled up to form a column. Among them, the method wherein the powdered resolving agent is employed is most general. The separation agent of the invention is preferably used in the form of powder. It is obtained by crushing the agent or forming it into spherical beads. The particle size which varies depending-on the size of a column or plate used is 1 urn to 10 mm, preferably 1 to 300 urn. The particles are preferably porous. It is preferred to support the resolving agent on a carrier so as to improve the resistance thereof to pressure or to prevent swelling or shrinkage thereof due to solvent exchange and from the viewpoint of the number of thaoretical plates. The suitable size of the carrier which varies depending on the size of the column or plate used is generally 1 urn to 10 mm, preferably 1 to 300 Wm. The carrier is preferably porous and has an average pore diameter of 10 A to 100 Wm, preferably 50 to 50,000 A. The amount of the resolving agent to be supported is 1 to 100 wt.%, preferably 5 to 50 wt.%, based on the carrier. The resolving agent may be supported on the carrier by either chemical or physical means. The physical means include one wherein the resolving agent is dissolved in a suitable solvent, the resulting solution is mixed with a carrier homogeneously and the solvent is distilled off by means of a gaseous stream under reduced pressure or heating and one wherein the resolving agent is dissolved in a suitable solvent, the resulting solution is mixed homogeneously with a carrier and the mixture is dispersed in a liquid incompatible with said solvent by stirring to diffuse the solvent. The resolving agent thus supported on the carrier may be crystallized, if necessary, by heat treatment or the like. Further, the state of the supported resolving agent and accordingly its resolving power can be modified by adding a small amount of a solvent thereto to temporarily swell or dissolve it and then distilling the solvent off. Both porous organic and inorganic carriers may be used, though the latter is preferred. The suitable porous organic carriers are those comprising a high molecular substance such as polystyrene, polyacrylamide or polyacrylate. The suitable porous inorganic carriers are synthetic or natural products such as silica, alumina, magnesia, titanium oxide, glass, silicate or kaolin. They may be surfacetreated so as to improve their affinity for the resolving agent. The surface treatment may be effected with an organosilan compound or by plasma polymerization. In using the resolving agent of the present invention in the resolution of compounds or optical isomers, the resolving characteristics thereof may vary sometimes depending on physical properties thereof such as molecular weight, crystallnity and orientation, even though they are chemically similar. Therefore, the resolving characteristics of the resolving agent may be altered according to the use thereof by suitably selecting the solvent used in that step or by physical treatments such as heat treatment, etching or swelling with the liquid after said step in any of the above-mentioned processes. In the liquid or thin layer chromatography, any developer may be used except those in which the resolving agent is soluble or which are reactive with the resolving agent. In case the resolving agent has been bound to the carrier by the chemical process or it has been insolubilized by crosslinking, any solvent other than a reactive liquid may be used. As a matter of course, it is preferred to select the developer after examination of various developers, since the resolving characteristics of chemical substances or optical isomers vary depending on the developer used. In the thin layer chromatography, a layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 100 mm and comprising the resolving agent in the form of particles of about 0.1 pm to 0.1 mm and, if necessary, a small amount of a binder is formed on a supporting plate. In the membrane resolution process, the resolving agent is used in the form of a hollow filament or film. The resolving agent of the present invention containing the aliphatic ester of the polysaccharide as the effective component is effective for the resolution of various compounds. Particularly, it is quite effective for the resolution of optical isomers which are quite difficult to resolve. Either one of the optical isomers to be resolved is selectively adsorbed on the resolving agent. (Effects of the Invention) The resolving agents of the present invention were compared with cellulose triacetate after supporting them on silica beads. In the resolution of benzoin, a separation factor a of 1.10 was obtained with cellulose triscyclopropanecarboxylate, while the value of a obtained with cellulose triacetate was 1.05. In the resolution of transstilbene oxide, the values a obtained with mannan triacetate and cellulose triacetate were 1.51 and 1.22, respectively. Thus, it will be understood that the resolving agents of the present invention have excellent effects The separation agent according to the invention is useful to the optical resolution as above shown. In addition, it serves for separation of geometrical isomers and polymers having different molecular weight ranges from each other. They have not easily been separated in the state of prior arts. The following examples will further illustrate the present invention, which by no means limit the invention. In the examples, the terms are defined as follows: capacity retention volume (void volume) ratio (k') (void volume) capacity ratio of enantiomer separation = adsorbed more strongly ' factor (a) capacity ratio of enantiomer ¯adsorbed less strongly distance between a peak of more 2 x strongly adsorbed enantiomer and that; rate of of less stronglv adsorbed enantiomer / separation (Rs) (total band width of both peaks) Synthesis Example 1 10 g of silica beads (LiChrospher SI 1000; a product of Merck & Co.) was placed in a 200 mQ round-bottom flask with a side arm. After vacuumdrying in an oil bath at 1200C for 3 h, N2 was introduced therein. 100 mQ of toluene which had been preliminarily distilled in the presence of CaH2 was added to the silica beads. 3 mi of diphenyldimethoxysilane (KBM 202; a product of Shin t etsu Kagaku Co.,,LjLd#) was added to the mixture and they were stirred together and then reacted at I200C for 1 h. After distilling off 3 to 5 mQ of toluene, the reaction was carried out at 1200C for 2 h. The mixture was filtered through a glass filter, washed with 50 m# of toluene three times and then with 50 m# of methanol three times and dried in vacuum at 400C for 1 h. About 10 g of the silica beads were placed in the 200 mil round-bottom flask with a side arm. After vacuum drying at 1000C for 3 h, the pressure was returned to the atmospheric pressure and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. Then N2 was introduced therein. 100 mb of distilled toluene was added to the dried silica beads. 1 mt of N,O bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide (a trimethylsilylating agent) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred to effect the reaction at 115 C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was collected with a glass filter, washed with toluene and dried under vacuum for about 4 h. Synthesis Example 2 Cellulose triacetate (a product of Daicel Ltd.? having a nuiber-average degree of polymerization of 110 and a degree of substitution of 2.97 was dissolved in 1 t of acetic acid (a product of Kanto Kagaku Co.). 5.2 mi water and 5 mL of conc. sulfuric acid were added to the resulting solution and the reaction was carried out at 806C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and sulfuric acid was neutralized with an excess amount of an aqueous magnesium acetate solution. The resulting solution was added to 3 Q of water to precipitate cellulose triacetate having a reduced molecular weight. After collection with a glass filter (G3), it was dispersed in 1 liter of water. After collection followed by vacuum drying, the obtained product was dissolved in methylene chloride and reprecipitated from 2propanol. The dissolution and the reprecipitation were repeated twice to effect the purification. The product was dried. According to the IR and NMR spectra, the product was identified with cellulose triacetate. The number-average molecular weight of the product as determined by vapor pressure asmometry was 7900, which corresponded to the number-average degree of polymerization of 27. The vapor pressure osmometry was conducted with a vapor pressure osmometer Corona 117 using a solvent mixture of chloroform/1% ethanol. 60 g of the obtained cellulose triacetate was dispersed in 200 mi of 2-propanol. 60 mi of 100% hydrazine hydrate (a product of Nakrai Chemicals Ltd.) was added dropwise slowly to the dispersion under gentle stirring. The suspension was maintained at 600C for 3 h and the resulting cellulose was filtered through a glass filter, washed with acetone repeatedly and dried in vacuo at 600C. In the IR spectrum of the product, no absorption due to the carbonyl group at around 1720 cm was observed and the IR spectrum coincided with that of cellulose. Synthesis Example 3 (Synthesis of cellulose triscyclopropanecarboxylate) 90 mQ of dehydrated pyridine, 15.4 mQ of dehydrated triethylamine and 100 mL of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were added to 3 g of the cellulose obtained in Synthesis Example 2. 17.4 g of cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride was added thereto under stirring and the mixture was stirred at 1000C for 5 h to carry out the reaction After cooling, the product was added to 500 mQ of ethanol under stirring to form a precipitate, which was collected with a glass filter and washed thoroughly with ethanol. After drying in vacuo, the product was dissolved in 30 m± of methylene chloride. After an insoluble matter was removed, the residue was reprecipitated from 400 m# of ethanol. The precipitate was collected, washed with ethanol, dehydrated and dried to obtain 4.2 g of cellulose triscyclopropanecarboxylate. The product was dissolved in methylene chloride and the solution was applied to a sodium chloride plate and dried. The infrared absorption spectrum of the product had the following characteristic absorption bands: 2900 to 3100 cm stretching vibration of C-H of cyclopropane ring, 1740 cm 1 stretching vibration of C=O of carboxylic acid ester, 1450 cm 1 deformation vibration of C-H of cyclopropane ring, 1260 cm 1: stretching vibration of C-O of ester, and 1060 to 1160 cm 1 stretching vibration of C-O-C of cellulose. Substantially no absorption at around 3450 cm 1 due to OH of cellulose was observed. This fact suggested that the product substantially comprised a trisubstituted compound. In the proton NMR spectrum determined in CDC13, the characteristic absorption bands were as follows: 0.6 to 1.2 ppm: methylene proton of cyclopropane ring, 1.4 to 1.9 ppm: methyne proton of cyclopropane ring, and 3.4 to 5.4 ppm: protons of the cellulose ring and methylene in position 6 The ratio of these absorption intensities was 12:3:7, which coincided with that of the trisubstituted compound. Example 1 1.2 g of cellulose triscyclopropanecarboxylate obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was dissolved in 10 mQ of dichloromethane. 3.2 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 1 were impregnated with 7.5 mt of the solution. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Example 2 Albumens of seeds of ivory palm were treated by a process disclosed in literature Csee G.O. Aspinall et al., "J. Chem. Soy,", 3184 (1953)3 to obtain mannan B from a high molecular weight fraction. 1.5 g of powder of mannan B was mixed with 50 mt of dehydrated pyridine, 10 mQ of dehydrated triethylamine and 100 mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. 20 mQ of acetic anhydride was added thereto under stirring. The reaction was carried out at 100etc for 6.5 h. After cooling, the product was added to 400 mQ of ethanol under stirring to form a precipitate, which was filtered and collected with a glass filter, washed thoroughly with ethanol and dried in vacuo to obtain 1.7 g of a product. The product, i.e. ss-1,4- mannan acetate, was insoluble in methylene chloride. In the IR absorption spectrum, a considerably intense absorption due to OH was observed at around 3450 cm 1 The product was acetylated again as follows: the whole of the product was dissolved in 10 m# of dichloromethane, 1.5 mQ of acetic anhydride and 2.5 m# of trifluoroacetic anhydride. The solution was kept at room temperature for one day. A volatile matter was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was washed with ethanol. The product was dried. 1.2 g of the product was dissolved in 4 m# of dichloromethane, 3 m# of trifluoroacetic acid and 0.5 m# of acetic anhydride. The solution was kept at room temperature for a whole day and night. 3.2 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was impreganted with 7.5 m# of the solution. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to form a powdery, supported material. In the I.R. absorption spectrum of the product recovered from a part of said solution by precipitation, an absorption peak peculiar to the acetate was observed but the absorption due to the -1 free hydroxyl group (at around 3500 cm ) was quite weak to suggest that the product was a trisubstituted compound. Application Example 1 The silica beads carrying cellulose triscyclopropanecarboxylate obtained in Example 1 were packed in a stainless steel column having a length of 25 cm and an inner diameter of 0.46 cm by slurry process. The high performance liquid chromatograph used was TRIROTAR-SR (a product of Japan Spectroscopic Co., Ltd.) and the detector was WIDEC-V. The results of the resolution of racemic compounds of trans-stilbene oxide are shown in Table 1. Table 1 EMI21.1 <tb> <SEP> capacity <SEP> #capacityratio <SEP> Resolution <SEP> I¯#"Rate <SEP> of <tb> <SEP> k; <SEP> |ke <SEP> factor <SEP> ksseparation <SEP> Flow <SEP> rate <tb> <SEP> tis <SEP> a <SEP> mJ#/min <tb> <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2 <SEP> 2 <SEP> Rs <tb> <SEP> l <SEP> l <SEP> I <tb> 0.84 <SEP> 1.0 <SEP> 1.20 <SEP> i <SEP> 0.5 <SEP> 1 <SEP> 1.0 <tb> <SEP> 1 <SEP> C-cue44645.121.10 <SEP> 4 <SEP> 0.84 <SEP> 1l <SEP> 1.0 <tb> <SEP> O <SEP> oii <tb> Solvent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Application Example 2 The silica beads carrying t3-1,4-mannan triacetate obtained in Example 2 were packed in a stainless steel column having a length of 25 cm and an inner diameter of 0.46 cm by slurry process. The high performance liquid chromatograph used was TRIROTAR SR (a product of Japan Spectroscopic Co., Ltd.) and the detector was UVIDEC-V. The results of the resolution of trans-stilbene oxide are shown in Table 2. The resolution factor a (1.51) obtained in this application example was far higher than that (1.22) obtained with cellulose triacetate in the same manner as above. Table 2 EMI22.1 <tb> <SEP> capacity <SEP> ratio <SEP> Resolution <SEP> Rate <SEP> of <SEP> Flow <SEP> rate. <tb> <SEP> racemate <SEP> 5 <SEP> factor <SEP> separation <SEP> mi/mintn±/rnin <tb> <SEP> kI' <SEP> k: <SEP> a <SEP> Rs <tb> ot; <SEP> 1.08 <SEP> 1.64 <SEP> ; <SEP> 1.51 <SEP> 0.6 <SEP> 1.0 <SEP> I <tb> Solvent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Synthesis Example 4 (Synthesis of cellulose tripropionate) 3.0 g of the cellulose prepared in Synthesis Example 2 was suspended in 30 m# of dry pyridine. 20 m# of propionic anhydride was added to the suspension and the reaction was carried out at 1000C. The reaction mixture was added to 200 m# of hexane to form a precipitate, which was filtered and dried to obtain 4.28 g of a product. The product was reesterified by heating to 1000C together with 30 m# of dry pyridine and 10 m# of propionic anhydride for 6 h. The product was precipitated from 200 ml of ether and petroleum benzene at 1:1. The precipitate was filtered, washed with 2-propanol and then methanol and dried. The product had a limiting viscosity number in dichloromethane/methanol (9:1) of 0.345 (25 C). In the I.R. spectrum, no wOH was observed. This suggested that the product was a triester. Example 3 1.2 g of cellulose tripropionate obtained in Synthesis Example 4 was dissolved in 7.5 m# of dichloromethane. The solution was thoroughly mixed with 3.6 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 1. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Application Example 3 The optical resolution of compounds was conducted in the same manner as in Application Example 1 except that the silica beads carrying cellulose tripropionate obtained in Example 3 were used. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 EMI24.1 <tb> <SEP> capacity <SEP> ratio <tb> racemate <SEP> 5 <SEP> Resolution <SEP> factor <tb> <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2 <SEP> a <tb> <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2 <tb> <SEP> ¸ <SEP> l.44(+) <SEP> 2.92(-) <SEP> 2.03 <tb> <SEP> & o1-CONH2 <SEP> 8.2 <SEP> 12.8 <SEP> 1.56 <tb> <SEP> OH <tb> Eluent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Flow rate: 0.5 mijmin Synthesis Example 5 (Synthesis of chitin diacetate) Chitin (a product of Nan'yo Kasei K.K.) was acetylated in perchloric acid by a process disclosed in literature (Norio Nishi, Junzo Noguchi, Seiichi Tokura, Hiroyuki Shiota, "Polymer Journals 11, 27 (1979)) to obtain chitin diacetate. Example 4 1.2 g of chitin diacetate obtained in Synthesis Example 5 was dissolved in a mixture of 4 m# of dichloromethane, 0.5 m# of acetic anhydride and 3.5 m# of trifluoroacetic acid. The solution was left to stand at room temperature (about 25 C) for 2 days to reduce its viscosity. The solution was filtered through a glass filter (G3) and mixed well with 3.2 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 1. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Application Example 4 The optical resolution of compounds was conducted in the same manner as in Application Example 1 except that the silica beads carrying chitin diacetate obtained in Example 4 were used. The results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 EMI25.1 <tb> <SEP> capacity <SEP> ratio <tb> racemates <SEP> Resolution <SEP> factor <tb> <SEP> ki <SEP> k2 <SEP> a <tb> <SEP> oNBQ <tb> <SEP> 2.43(+) <SEP> 2.98(-) <SEP> 1.22 <tb> <SEP> 2.43(+) <SEP> 2 <SEP> 98(-) <SEP> 1.22 <tb> <SEP> CON < > <tb> > <SEP> -CH-CONH2 <SEP> 14.4(-) <SEP> 16.5(+) <SEP> 1.15 <tb> <SEP> OH <tb> Eluent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Flow rate: 0.5 m±/min Synthesis Example 6 (Synthesis of amylose triacetate) 2 g of Amylose DEX-III (a product of Hayashibara Biochem. Lab. Inc.) (degree of polymerization: 100) was added to 10 tnt of water. 2.2 mt of 30 % sodium hydroxide was added thereto under cooling with ice to obtain a solution. Then, sodium hydroxide was neutralized with acetic acid. This amylose solution was added to ethanol to form a precipitate, which was washed thoroughly with ethanol and the ethanol was replaced with ether. 50 mt of dehydrated pyridine was added thereto and the mixture was filtered. This treatment was repeated three times. 70 mi of pyridine and 20 mt of acetic anhydride were added to the amylose wetted with pyridine and the reaction was carried out at IOOOC for 6.5 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was added to ethanol to form a precipitate, which was collected and wR ccqpRnly with ethanol, dried in vacuo and dissolved in methylene chloride. The solution was filtered through a G3 glass filter under pressure. The filtrate was added to ethanol to form a precipitate, which was washed with ethanol and dried. The product was dissolved in methylene chloride and the solution was applied to a rock salt plate and dried to obtain a sample. In the I.R. spectrum of the sample, no absorption due to unsubstituted alcohol groups of the cellulose was observed. trans-stilbene oxide: a=1.14 (+). Example 5 1.2 g of amylose triacetate obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was dissolved in 7.5 mt of dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through a G3 glass filter and then mixed well with 3.5 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 1. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Application Example 5 The optical resolution of trans-stilbene oxide was conducted in the same manner as in Application Example 1 except that the silica beads treated in Example 5 were used. The resolution factor, (cur) obtained was-l.l4. Eluent: hexanet2-propanol (9:1) Flow rate: .O.S mt/min. Synthesis Example 7 10 g of silica beads (LiChrospher, SI 1000; a product of Merck & Co.) was placed in a 200 mt round-bottom flask with a side arm. After vacuumdrying in an oil bath at 1200C for 3 h, N2 was introduced therein. 100 me of toluene which had been preliminarily distilled in the presence of CaB2 was added to the silica beads. 3 mt of diphenyldimethoxysilane (KBM 202t a product of Shintetsu Kagaku Co., Ltd.) was added to the mixture and they were stirred together and then reacted at 1200C for 1 h. After distilling off 3 to 5 mt of toluene, the reaction was carried out at 1200C for 2 h. The mixture was filtered through a glass filter, washed with 50 mt of toluene three times and then with 50 mt of methanol three times and dried in vacuum at 400C for 1 h. About 10 g of the silica beads were placed in the 200 mt round-bottom flask with a side arm. After vacuum drying at 1000C for 3 h, the pressure was returned to the atmospheric pressure and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. Then N2 was introduced therein. 100 mt of distilled toluene was added to the dried silica beads. 1 mt of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (a trimethylsilylating agent) was added thereto and the mixture was stirred to effect the reaction at 1150C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a glass filter, washed with toluene and dried under vacuum for about 4 h. Synthesis Example 8 (Synthesis of (3-1,4-mannan tribenzoate) Albumens of seeds of ivory palm were treated by a process disclosed in literature Esee G. O. Aspinall et al., "J. Chem. Soc.", 3184 (1953) ] to obtain mannan B from a high molecular weight fraction. 1.5 g of powder of mannan B was mixed with 70 m# of dehydrated pyridine, 7.7 mi of dehydrated triethylamine and 50 mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. 10.7 m# of benzoyl chloride was added thereto under stirring. The reaction was carried out at 1000C for 5 h. After cooling, the product was added to 400 mQ of ethanol under stirring to form a precipitate, which was filtered through a glass filter and washed thoroughly with ethanol. After vacuum drying, the product was dissolved in 30 m# of methylene chloride and an insoluble matter was removed. The product was reprecipitated from 400 m# of ethanol. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol, dehydrated and dried. The product was dissolved in methylene chloride. The solution was applied to a common salt tablet and dried. The infrared absorption spectrum of the product had the following characteristic absorption bands: 3070 cm 1 stretching vibration of aromatic C-H, 1730 cm 1 stretching vibration of C=O of carboxylic acid ester, 1605, 1495, 1455 cm 1 skeletal vibration due to stretching of carbon and carbon in the benzene ring, 1270 cm 1 stretching vibration of C-O of ester, 1030 to 1200 cm 1 stretching vibration of C-O-C of mannan, and 690 to 900 cm 1 out-of-plane deformation vibration of benzene ring. Substantially no absorption at around 3450 cm due to OH of mannan was observed. This fact sug- gested that the product substantially comprised a trisubstituted compound. In the proton NMR spectrum determined in CDC13, the characteristic absorptions were as follows: 6.8 to 8.4 pups: proton of benzene ring, 2.8 to 6.0 ppm: protons of mannan ring and methylene in position 6. The ratio of these absorption intensities was 15:7. Synthesis Example 9 (Synthesis of tribenzoyl-(3-1,4-chitosan) 10 g of purified chitosan was dissolved in 1000 mt of water containing 40 m# of conc. hydrochloric acid. The solution was kept at 730C for 5 h. The solution was concentrated by means of a rotary evaporator and then neutralized with 27 mQ of aqueous ammonia (28%) to precipitate chitosan. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, ethanol and then ether each twice and dried in vacuo. Yield: 9.71 g. 1.0 g of obtained chitosan was dissolved in 30 m# of water containing 0.5 mt of conc. hydrochloric acid. The solution was freeze-dried. 30 mt of pyridine, 0.05 g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 8 mt of triethylamine and 10 mt of benzoyl chloride were added to the residue and the mixture was kept at 100 to 1050C under stirring for 7 h. The resulting suspension was added to ethanol to form a precipitate, which was filtered, washed with ether and then with dichloromethane and dried in vacuo. Yield: 3.0 g. In the I.R. spectrum, two carbonyl stretching vibrations were observed at 1720 and 1660 cm 1. This fact suggested that the product was tribenzoylchitosan. Example 6 1.2 g of S4,4-mannan tribenzoate obtained in Synthesis Example s was dissolved in a mixture of 12.5 mt of dichloromethane and 3.5 mt of acetone. 6.4 g of the silica gel particles obtained in Synthesis Example 7 were impregnated with the solution. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Example 7 1.2 g of tribenzoylchitosan obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was dissolved in a mixture of 5 mQ of dichioramethane and 4.5 mt of dichloroacetic acid. The solution was filtered. 3.2 g of the silica gel obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was impregnated with 7.5 mt of the solution. The vessel was heated with hot water under reduced pressure realized by means of a vacuum pump to remove the solvent. A powdery, supported material was thus obtained. Application Example 6 The silica beads carrying mannan tribenzoate obtained in Example 6 were packed in a stainless steel column having a length of 25 cm and an inner diameter of 0.46 cm by slurry process. The high performance liquid chromatograph used was TRIROTAR SR (a product of Japan Spectroscopic Co., Ltd.) and the detector was UVIDEC-V. The results of the resolution of 2-phenylcyclohexanone are shown in Table 5. Table 5 EMI33.1 <tb> <SEP> capacity <SEP> ratio <SEP> Resolution <SEP> Rate <SEP> of <tb> Racemates <SEP> factor <SEP> separation <SEP> Flow <SEP> rate <tb> <SEP> ki <SEP> k1,k2, <SEP> k2 <SEP> a <SEP> Rs <SEP> mt/min <tb> <SEP> 1 <tb> <SEP> 0 <SEP> I <tb> <SEP> t <SEP> Q < <SEP> 3.80 <SEP> 14.02 <SEP> 1.06 <SEP> 0.5 <SEP> - <SEP> - <SEP> 0.5 <tb> Solvent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Application Example 7 The silica beads carrying tribenzoylchitosan obtained in Example 7 were suspended in methanol. The suspension was packed in a stainless steel column having a length of 25 cm and an inner diameter of 0.46 cm by slurry process. The high performance liquid chromatograph used was TRIROTAR SR (a product of Japan Spectroscopic Co., Ltd.) and the polarimeter detector was DIP-181 (a product of Japan Spectroscopic Co., Ltd.). The results of the resolution of racemic compounds are shown in Table 6. In the determination effected by using the polarimeter as the detector of the high performance chromatograph, the terms were defined as follows: time required for enantiomer e time) (time of the peak of enantiomer l = with the polarimeter detector (dead time) (tt of enantiomer adsorbed more strongly) (Q' of enantiomer adsorbed less strongly) Table 6 EMI34.1 <tb> <SEP> Flow <SEP> rate <tb> - <SEP> racemates <SEP> & <SEP> & <SEP> 8 <SEP> (ma/min) <tb> <SEP> 1 <SEP> 2 <tb> <SEP> 1.56 <SEP> 1.88 <SEP> 1.21 <SEP> 1.0 <tb> Solvent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Synthesis Example 10 (Synthesis of ss-1,4-xylan benzoate) 5.0 g of xylan (a product of Tokyo Kasei Co.) was dispersed in 10 m# of water. A 30 % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to the dispersion under cooling with ice until xylan had been dissolved to form a transparent solution. The solution was added to 150 m# of methanol containing 3 m# of acetic acid to form a precipitate, which was filtered and washed with methanol. About a half of the precipitate was suspended in a mixture of 40 mi of benzene and 40 mt of pyridine. Benzene was distilled off from the reaction system through a 20 cm column. 20 mt of benzoyl chloride was added thereto and the mixture was kept at 900C for 10 h. The mixture was cooled and then added to 500 m# of ethanol to form a precipitate, which was filtered, washed and dried. The product was dissolved in dichloromethane. An insoluble matter was removed by filtration. bichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain xylan dibenzoate. In the I.R. absorption spectrum of this product, the absorption due to the stretching vibration of OH was weak. Example 8 1.2 g of #-1,4-xy1an dibenzoate obtained in Synthesis Example 10 was dissolved in 7.5 m# of dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through a glass filter (G2) and the filtrate was mixed with 3.4 g of the silica beads obtained inSynthesis Example 7. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Application Example B The results of the optical resolution of racemic compounds conducted with the supported material obtained in Exaiiiple 8 under the same conditions as in Application Example 6 are shown in Table 7. Table 7 EMI36.1 <tb> <SEP> capacity <SEP> capacityratio <SEP> Resolution <SEP> factor <tb> <SEP> raceimates <SEP> # <SEP> ki <SEP> -k2 <SEP> a <tb> <SEP> L <SEP> L <tb> <SEP> o <tb> <SEP> \ <SEP> < > <tb> r <SEP> 4.9l(-) <SEP> 5.74(+) <SEP> 1.17 <tb> Eluent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Flow rate: 0.5 m±/min Synthesis Example 11 20 g of purified chitosan (a product of Kyowa Kasei Co.) was dispersed in 1 Q of water. 40 m# of conc. hydrochloric acid was added slowly to the dispersion to dissolve chitosan. The resulting solution was kept at 800C for 5 h and then cooled. The solids suspended therein was filtered out. The filtrate was concentrated to a volume of 200 m# by means of a rotary evaporator. The liquid was made alkaline with excess aqueous ammonia. Chitosan having a reduced molecular weight was thus precipitated. After collection, the product was washed with water and then ethanol and dried. 1.0 g of the resulting chitosan was dispersed in 10 mt of water. Hydrochloric acid was added in portions to the dispersion until a solution was obtained. The solution was added to 60 m# of methanol containing 3 mt of aqueous ammonia (28 %) to precipitate chitosan. After filtration, the product was washed with methanol twice and then with ether twice. Chitosan containing the solvent was added to 60 mt of pyridine. A part (about 30 mt) of pyridine was distilled off. 10 mt of benzoyl chloride was added dropwise to the obtained chitosancontaining pyridine and the mixture was kept at 80 to 900C for 8 h. A suspension thus formed was added to cooled methanol to form a precipitate. After filtration, the product was washed with methanol, acetone and dichloromethane and then dried. Example 9 1.05 g of tribenzoylchitosan obtained in Synthesis Example 11 was dissolved in a mixture of 4.0 mt of dichloromethane, 3.0 mt of trifluoroacetic acid and 0.5 mt of benzoyl chloride. The solution was mixed with 3.2 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 7 The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material Application Example 9 The optical resolution of racemic compounds was conducted with the supported material obtained in Example q in the same manner as in Application Example 6. The results are shown in Table 8. It was noted that TrÏger's bases which could not be resolved with cellulose tribenzoate were resolved. Table 8 EMI38.1 <tb> racemates <SEP> capacity <SEP> ratio <SEP> Resolution <SEP> factor <tb> <SEP> kj <SEP> k2 <SEP> a <tb> <SEP> O <SEP> < <SEP> 1.71(-) <SEP> 1.85(+) <SEP> 1.08 <tb> EMI39.1 <tb> <SEP> l.31(+) <SEP> 1.61(-) <SEP> 1.23 <tb> <SEP> 8 <tb> ¹ <SEP> 3.93(-) <SEP> 4.28(+) <SEP> 1.09 <tb> <SEP> C-CH-t# <tb> <SEP> u <SEP> 1 <SEP> 6.64 <SEP> 7.28 <SEP> 1.10 <tb> <SEP> O <SEP> OE <tb> <SEP> 0 <tb> <SEP> 14.6(+) <SEP> 15.9(-) <SEP> 1.09 <tb> Eluent: hexane/2-propanol (9:1) Flow rate: 0.5 m#/min. Synthesis Example 12 (Synthesis of mannan A tribenzoate) Albumens of seeds of ivory palm were treated by a process disclosed in literature [ see G.O. Aspinall et al., "J. Chem. Soc.", 3184 (1953) ] to obtain mannan A from a low molecular weight fraction. 1.5 g of mannan A was dispersed in-a solution comprising 70 m# of pyridine, 7.7 mZ of triethylamine and 50 mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. 10.7 mt of benzoyl chloride was added to the dispersion and the reaction was carried out at 1000C for 5 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was added to ethanol to form a precipi tate, which was washed thoroughly with ethanol and dried. The dried sample was dissolved in methylene chloride. The solution was filtered through a glass filter (G3). The filtrate was added to ethanol to form a precipitate, which was washed thoroughly with ethanol and dried. Example 10 1.2 g of mannan A tribenzoate obtained in Synthesis Exule 12 was dissolved in 7.5 mt of dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through a glass filter (G-2). The filtrate was mixed thoroughly with 3.4 g of the silica beads obtained in Synthesis Example 7. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Application Example 10 The optical resolution of racemic compounds of y-phenyl-y-butyrolactone was conducted with the supported material obtained in Branple 10 in the same manner as in Application Example 6. The resolution factor (a) was 1.22 #(+) compound being eluted first. The eluent was hexane/2-propanol (9:1). The flow rate was 0.5 m#/min. Synthesis Example 13 (Synthesis of dextran tribenzoate) 3.0 g of dextran (a product of Nakai Kagaku Yakuhin Co. having a molecular weight of 50,000 to 70,000) was dissolved in 10 mt of water. Pyridine was added to the solution to precipitate dextran. Pyridine was removed by decantation. Additional 20 mt of pyridine was added and then removed by the decantation. The addition and decantation of pyridine were repeated three times. Then, 30 m# of pyridine and 20 m# of benzoyl chloride were added thereto and the mixture was kept at 700C for 10 h. After cooling, pyridinium chloride and unreacted dextran were removed by means of a glass filter (G-2). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Methanol was added thereto to precipitate dextran tribenzoate, which was filtered, washed with methanol and dried. In the I.R. absorption spectrum of the product, the absorption due to stretching vibration of OH was weak. This fact suggested that the product was a trisubstituted compound. Example 11 1.2 g of dextran tribenzoate obtained in Synthesis Example 13 was dissolved in 7.5 m# of dichloromethane. The solution was mixed thoroughly with 3.6 g of the silica gel obtained in Synthesis Example 7. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a powdery, supported material. Application Example 11 The optical resolution of trans-stilbene oxide was conducted with the supported material obtained in Example 11 in the same manner as in Application Example 6. The resolution factor was 1.18. The enantiomer having (-) optical rotation was eluted first. The eluent was hexane/2-propanol (9:1). The flow rate was 0.5 mt/min.

Claims: The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: -1 A method of separating a chemical substance from a mixture containing the same, which comprises the step of treating said mixture with an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose. -2 A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which the aliphatic carboxylic group is acetic, propionic or a cycloalkanecarboxylic having a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring. -3 A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which the aromatic group of said ester is an aromatic ring having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. A separating agent which comprises particles of an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose, said particles having a size of 1 micron to 10 mm. -5 A separating agent which comprises an aliphatic or aromatic ester of a polysaccharide, except for cellulose acetate and an aromatic ester of cellulose and a carrier having a particle size of 1 micron to 10 mm and a pore size of 10 A to 100 microns. -6 A method as claimed in Claim 1 which applies to the optical resolution of a mixture of optical isomers. -7 A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which the method is conducted through a chromatographic column or layer. A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which said polysaccharide is selected from the group consiting of ss-1,4-glucan, &alpha;- a-1,4-glucan, a&alpha;- a-1,6-glucan, ss -1,4-xylan, (3-1 ,4-mannan, (3-1 ,4-chitoxan, ss-1@4-N-acetyl-chitosan and (3-1 ,2-fructan. -9 A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which said ester has an esterification ratio of 30 percent or more. -10 A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which said ester has an esterification ratio of 85 percent or more. -11 A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which said aliphatic carboxylic acid contains an acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Inventors: HATADA, KOICHI, NAMIKOSHI, HAJIME, OKAMOTO, ICHIRO, OKAMOTO, YOSHIO, SHIBATA, TOHRU
Applicants: DAICEL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD.
Application year: 1985
Main classification: C07B57
IPC codes: B01J20, C07B63, B01D71, C07B57, B01D15, C07C45