Single-sided cutting insert

Abstract: A single-sided cutting insert (10) preferably for thread chasing, the lower face (12) of which comprises three support surfaces (23-25) inclining towards the center of the lower face (12) and a recess (26) separating them. The support surfaces (23-25) are projecting partly around the recess (26) and therefore the cutting insert (10) at insertion against a base surface (27) of a cutting insert site in a tool shank (28) abuts only against the planar base surface in three separated points (29).

Description: The present invention relates to a cutting insert as defined in claim 1. A cutting insert according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP-A-119 175. Hitherto known cutting inserts for turning are abutting the cutting insert site of the tool shank with planar lower faces. The drawback with this type of abutment is the wobble-tendencies that arise due to difficulties in forming completely planar contact surfaces. Thus the cutting insert risks riding upon a point in the middle of the base surface. Furthermore, these surfaces can easily be contaminated such that the cutting insert will be caused further instability, which negatively influences the result of the machining. EP-A-81 775 shows a circular cutting insert having a continuous rim-like lower surface susceptible to the above-mentioned stability problems. FR-C-2 061 020 discloses a cutting insert of triangular basic shape for primarily threading operations. However, it does not include any protruding surfaces at each corner for improved surface abutment against a bottom supporting surface or a shim plate located underneath the insert. The object of the present invention is to design the lower face of a cutting insert such that the above-mentioned and other problems are solved. This object is achieved with a cutting insert having the features of claim 1. The invention will be more closely described in the following in connection to the drawings wherein: Fig. 1 shows a thread cutting insert according to the invention in a top view. Fig. 2 shows a thread cutting insert according to Fig. 1 in a side view. Fig. 3 shows the lower face of the thread cutting insert in a plane view. Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the thread cutting insert according to the line IV―IV in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 shows the thread cutting insert positioned in a cutting insert site in a tool shank in a top view. In Figs. 1―4 is shown a thread cutting insert 10 which consists of a wafer having triangular basic shape, preferably consisting of a hard metal. The cutting insert 10 comprises an upper face 11 and a lower face 12 mainly parallel thereto. The upper and the lower faces 11 resp 12 are perpendicularly connected by side surfaces 13, 14, 15. The cutting insert 10 is provided with three identical cutting corners 16, 17, 18. Each cutting corner is arranged with a cutting tip 19, 20, 21 which shall engage with and cut threads in a work piece. The cutting tips 19―21 are arranged in a mutual plane. The cutting insert 10 is provided with a centrally placed securing hole 22 to receive a lock screw for mounting to a cutting insert site of a tool shank. The cutting insert 10 has more closely been described in EP―A―0119175, which is hereby incorporated in the description, which is referred to for detailed information concerning the shape and the cutting characteristics of the upper face of the cutting insert. The lower face 12 of the cutting insert 10 lacks cutting edges and therefore it is intended for abutment against the base surface of the cutting insert site only. The lower face 12 comprises three projecting support surfaces 23, 24, 25 which are separated by a central recess 26. The recess 26 terminates in the radial direction of the cutting insert in an area at the middle of each side surface 13―15. The border lines of the recess 26 form a truncated triangle or a hexagon which is tilted an angle β relative to the triangular basic form of the cutting insert. The angle β may be chosen to 45° and is defined as the angle between the bisectors of the two triangles B resp C. Each support surface 23―25 inclines inwardly from respective corner of the insert towards the center of the lower face and forms an acute angle α with the plane A, which touches the parts of the support surfaces that are arranged furthest away from the upper face 11. The angle α is preferably chosen less than 1°. Alternatively the angle α may assume negative values (max - 1°). At a negative acute angle α contact is achieved between the cutting insert and the cutting insert site closer to the center of the cutting insert. The depth d of the recess 26 is defined as the distance between said plane A and the recess 26. The depth d is preferably less than 2 mm. The support surfaces 23―25 are planarly or concavely shaped while the shape of their radially inner ends are of subordinate importance. These may however be shaped both straight or non-straight. The length l of each support surface 23―25 in the radial direction of the cutting insert is 25 to 75% of the radius of the cutting insert, preferably 40 to 60%. The radius of the cutting insert is defined as the distance between the center of the insert and the cutting tip. Fig. 5 shows the abutment of the lower face 12 against a cutting insert site arranged in a tool shank 28 in a top view. Only the lower face 12 of the cutting insert is shown for reasons of clearness. The contact places 29 between the lower face 12 and the base surface 27 of the cutting insert site have been batched. The contact place of the active cutting corner is line-shaped and the passive corners have point-shaped contact places. Concave support surfaces achieve point-shaped contact places. A cutting tip 21 has been exposed outside the cutting insert site shim for engagement with the work piece for forming of threads. A rectangular cutting insert may alternatively be provided with projecting support surfaces on the lower face. The border lines of the recess will then form an octagon whose position is defined by an imaginary square whose bisector is tilted about 45 degrees to an adjacent bisector of the cutting insert. Thus the invention relates to a cutting insert whose lower face is shaped such that the cutting insert is imparted well-defined abutment surfaces for abutment against the base surface of the cutting insert site and therefore the clamping of the cutting insert becomes stable and wobble-free. Furthermore the recess contributes to some saving of hard material. The shaping of the lower face may also be used at cutting inserts for drilling or milling.

Claims: A cutting insert preferably for turning which consists of a wafer having a polygonal basic shape, preferably a triangular basic shape, said cutting insert (10) comprising an upper face (11), a lower face (12) and a plurality of side surfaces (13-15) joining said upper and lower faces (11, 12), said upper and lower faces being substantially parallel, said side surfaces (13-15) joining each other at corners (16-18), cutting edges being formed along facets at the upper part of said corners, said cutting edges being joined in cutting tips (19-21) located in a common plane, said lower face (12) being provided only to abut a base surface (27) of a cutting insert site, characterized in that each lower part of the corners (16-18) comprises a protruding surface (23-25) connected to two side surfaces (13-15), said protruding surface protruding relative to the center part (26) of the lower face (12) such that at least a portion of each protruding surface (23-25) coincides with a plane (A) which is parallel to and distinct from the plane defined by the cutting tips (19-21) and touches the parts of all the support surfaces that are arranged furthest away from the upper face (11), and in that each protruding surface (23-25) seen in a bisector plane inclines either from the radially outermost point of the corner (16-18) in the direction of the upper face (11) towards the central part (26) of the lower face (12) and forms an acute angle (α) with the plane (A), or relative to the central part (26) of the lower face (12) such that the radially outermost point of each support surface is arranged closer to the upper face (11) than its radially innermost point. Cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that each protruding surface (23―25) is planarly or concavely shaped. Cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the central part (26) of the lower face (12) is a recess having a form of a truncated triangle or hexagon, which is tilted an acute angle (β) relative to the triangular basic shape of the cutting insert. Cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the central part (26) of the lower face (12) has an octagonal shape. Cutting insert according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting insert is formed with a central securing hole (22) which extends mainly perpendicularly to the upper end lower face of the cutting insert. Cutting insert according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a thread cutting insert of triangular basic shape having three cutting tips (19―21) the opposite side of which comprises protruding surfaces (23―25) each of which forms an acute angle (α) with the plane A, said protruding surfaces being separated from each other and each having a length (l) in the radial direction of the cutting insert which is 25 to 75% of the radius of the cutting insert (10), preferably 40 to 60%.

Inventors: CARLSSON STIV, GUSTAFSSON LARS-ERIK, ROBERTSSON TAGE, CARLSSON, STIV, GUSTAFSSON, LARS-ERIK, ROBERTSSON, TAGE
Applicants: SANTRADE LTD, SANTRADE LTD.
Application year: 1985
Main classification: B23B27
IPC codes: B23C5, B23B27