A PACKING FOR A JOINT

Abstract: A joint packing 22 has an annular body 28 of a compressible sealing material which will withstand tempera­ tures in the region of 600°C. End caps 34 are fitted at the ends of the annular body to prevent damage to the material when the joint is assembled by push-fitting a tube through the centre of the annular body.

Description: A PACKING #OR W JOINT This invention relates to a packing for a push-fit joint where the packing is arranged to seal the joint. The invention is particularly concerned with a packing for a joint which is normally subjected to high temperatures. An example of a joint to which the invention can be applied is the joint between a pulse air tube on an internal combustion engine and the engine cylinder head. A pulse air tube leads into the exhaust passage downstream of the exhaust valve. When the valve closes, the momentum of the gases flowing. in the exhaust passage results in a low pressure area being formed adjacent the valve and the low pressure enables air to be sucked in through the pulse air tube to combine with unburnt hydrocarbons and Carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases to reduce undesired emissions. Conventionally the joint where the air tube passes through the wall of the cylinder head is sealed with a joint formed. by tightening a nut to force the two sides of the joint against one another. Assembly is difficult and very time-consuming. According to the present invention, there is provided a packing for a push-fit joint, the packing comprising an annular body of compressible material which does not degrade at temperatures around 600roc, and a -cap at each end of the annular body to protect the compressible material during assembly. Important characteristics of the material are that it should be substantially#non-porous, so that gases cannot escape through the annular body, that it should withstand temperatures in the range 300 to 1000 Ct and that it should be sufficiently resilient to exert a continued sealing pressure against the components between which the joint is made. The compressible material preferably is compressible by about 10%. Suitable materials are bodies made up from graphite based materials such as Grafoil or Graftite (Registered Trade Marks) or bodies made up from ceramic fibres such as Kaowool (Registered Trade Mark). These materials will normally be compressed, possibly with the addition of a binder, to form them into the necesary annular shape. To assemble the joint, the packing will be pushed into a seat and a tube or other component will be pushed through the centre of the packing. If the tube were pushed in off-centre, it could damage the packing so a cap is placed over the ends of the body to prevent this happening. The end caps are preferably extended axially to form shields around the periphery of the annular body, and the body can then include a first, internal unshielded body portion adapted to be compressed against a member passing through the centre of the packing, and a second, external unshielded body portion adapted to be compressed against a member surrounding the packing, with each such body portion being associated with a shield such that the compression of each portion takes place between the respective member and the associated shield. The first-and second body portions are preferably spaced apart axially along the length of the packing. The parts of the packing protected by the caps are preferably compressed more tiyn,tly than the rest of the packing so as to provide a tapered entry, which is an advantage for assembly purposes. The packing may comprise two coaxial annular bodies, one arranged to seal against a surface outwardly of the packing and the other arranged to seal against a surface inwardly of the packing, the two bodies being held together by a cage. The cage may also form the end caps. The invention also extends to a joint including a packing as set forth above. The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accomapnying drawing, in which: Figure 1 is a section through an exhaust passage in an internal combustion engine, showing a packing in accordance with the invention sealing a pulse air tube; Figure 2 is a section through a joint with a packing in accordance with the invention, before assembly; and Figure 3 shows an alternative form of packing in accordance with the invention. The engine section shown in Figure 1 includes part of a cylinder head 10 and an exhaust manifold 12. An exhaust valve 14 is shown in its closed position. A pulse air tube 16 fits through a bore 18 and projects into the exhaust passage 20 just downstream of the valve 14. The tube 16 is sealed in the bore 18 by a packing 22. A support bracket 24 for the tube 16 is also shown, and the tube is provided with a collar 26 to limit the depth of insertion of the tube into the packing 22. The packing itself is shown in more detail in Figure 2. This packing has two separate annular bodies 28 and 30, each formed from a suitable temperature-resistant, compressible material. The bodies are linked to each other by an S-section cage 32 which may be of stainless steel. The cage 32 also provides end caps 34 at each end of the packing, to protect these ends during assembly of the joint. In assembly, the packing 22 is first pushed into a. seat in the bore 18. The pulse air tube 16, which is tapered at its leading end, is then pushed through the centre of the packing. The presence of the cap 34 prevents the tip of the tube 16 from damaging the packing material during insertion. The dimensions of the packing will be chosen so that the unconstrained surface portions of the packing material have to be compressed (by about 10%) to allow the joint to be made, and this compression ensures a good seal between the components of the joint. It is important that the cage 32 provides a fixed backing surface against which the compression of each body 28 and 30 takes place, so that the whole of the compression in each instance occurs at the interface with the component (16 or 18) where sealing has to take place. In an alternative embodiment, the taper on the tube 16 could be formed away from the free end of the tube, with the free end having a smaller diameter which can pass through the centre of the seal without compressing it; the compression just taking place in the last part of the push-fit movement. This avoids any possible disturbance of the seal by having to push the full width tube right through the seal. An alternative packing 122 is shown. in Figure 3. This packing has a single body 128 of compressible material, with separate end caps 134 at the two ends. The end caps can again be of stainless steel. Although the invention has been described here in connection with a pulse air tube/cylinder head joint, the invention is not restricted to this application. Other possible automotive applications are in exhaust pipe joints or in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Other fields of application, including nonautomotive fields, will be where push-fit assembly is desired and where the assembled joint has to provide a seal at high temperatures.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A packing for a push-fit joint, the packing comprising an annular body (28,30,128) of compressible material which does not degrade at temperatures around 700oC, and a cap (34,134) at each end of the annular body ¯ to protect the compressible material during assembly. 2. A packing as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the material will withstand temperatures in the-range 300 to 1000or. 3. A packing as claimed in Claim 1 Ïr Claim 2, wherein the compressible material is compressible by about 108. 4. A packing as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the compressible material is a graphite-based material. 5. A packing as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the compres#ible material is made up from ceramic fibres. 6. A packing as claimed in Claim 4 or Claim 5, wherein the body is compressed, possibly with the addition of a binder, to form it into the necessary annular shape. 7. A packing as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the end caps (34) are extended axially to form shields around the periphery of the annular body (28,30), and the body includes a first, internal unshielded body portion adapted to be compressed against a member (16) passing through the centre of the packing and a second, external unshielded body portion adapted to be compressed against a member surrounding the packing (18), wherein each such body portion is associated with a'shield such that the compression of each portion takes place between the respective member and the associated shield. 8. A packing as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the first and second body portions (28 and 30) are preferably spaced apart axially along the length of the packing. 9. A packing as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the parts of the packing protected by the caps (34, 134) are compressed more tightly than the rest of the packing so as to provide a tapered entry. 10. A packing as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, which comprises two coaxial annular bodies (28 and 30), one arranged to seal against a surface (18) outwardly of the packing and the other .arranged to seal against a surface (16) inwardly of the packing, the two bodies being held together by a cage (32). 11. A packing as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the cage (32) also forms the end caps (34). 1 . A sealed joint between two cylindrical coaxial surfaces (16,18) of different diameters, wherein a packing as claimed in any preceding claim is push-fitted between the surfaces to form a seal.

Inventors: WICKRAMASURIYA, DAMASIUS BENETTE
Applicants: FORD FRANCE SOCIETE ANONYME, FORD MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, FORD-WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Application year: 1985
Main classification: F16L41
IPC codes: F16L41