TONE SIGNAL PROCESSING DEVICE

Abstract: A digital filter (8) is provided between a tone signal generation circuit (1) which supplies a digital tone signal in accordance with a first sampling frequency and a sampling circuit (7) which resamples this digital tone signal in accordance with a second sampling frequency which is lower than the first sampling frequency. This digital filter (8) filters the input digital tone signal with such amplitude-­ frequency characteristics as to be able to substantially remove an aliasing noise produced due to the second sampling frequency (e.g., with low-pass filter characteristics having a cut-off frequency which is 1/2 the second sampling frequency). This removes high frequency components pro­ ducing an aliasing noise from the digital tone signal before it is applied to the resampling circuit whereby generation of the aliasing noise in resampling is prevented. The resam­ pling is performed for adapting the digital tone signal to an operation clock frequency of an effect imparting circuit (4) provided in a posterior stage for imparting, in digital, a tone effect such as a modulation effect to the digital tone signal.

Description: This invention relates to a tone signal processing device suitable for use in resampling at a lower rate a tone signal which has been sampled once with a sampling frequency of a relatively high rate. An electronic musical instrument which has overcome the problem of an aliasing noise produced in the sampling process by harmonising the sampling frequency of a tone signal to be generated with the pitch of the tone signal is well known as a pitch synchronous type electronic musical instrument. An example of such a pitch synchronous type electronic musical instrument is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 171395/1982 (particularly Fig. 5). Since, in this type of electronic musical instrument, the sampling frequency is different for each note, the frequency of a basic sampling clock used commonly for establishing the respective sampling frequencies must be the least common multiple of these sampling frequencies, which naturally is a fairly high frequency (e.g., 800 kHz). The fact that the sampling frequency of a tone signal generated by a pitch synchronous type electronic musical instrument is of a high rate gives rise to the problem that the sampling frequency is too high when this device is applied to a device such as a digital effect device which operates with a clock frequency of a lower rate. Hence an arrangement is adopted so that a digital tone signal supplied at a high frequency is resampled at a lower frequency and the digital tone signal thus converted to a digital signal of lower rate frequency is applied to a digital effect circuit. With such an arrangement, however, there arises the problem that high frequency components contained in the original tone signal of the high-rate sampling frequency appear as an aliasing noise with respect to the low-rate sampling frequency. DE-A-3226600 discloses, in Figure 24, a digital filter which allegedly serves to eliminate aliasing noise. Whilst this reference fails to disclose the detailed construction of the digital filter, it is believed that this will have the disadvantage that the tone signal outputted by the filter will be at a considerably lower sampling frequency, e.g. 12.5 kHz, than the sampling frequency of 50 kHz of the succeeding effect imparting device. Although it may be possible to match the two frequencies by resampling of the tone signal sample data at a clock frequency of 50 kHz, the precision of the output tone signal will be maintained at 12.5 kHz since the resampling will simply result in repetition of the same sample data. Accordingly the tone signal will be greatly degraded in quality by undue reduction of the sampling rate. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved tone signal processing device for an electronic musical instrument. According to the present invention, there is provided an electronic musical instrument comprising: clock means for providing a relatively high frequency clock signal having an associated clock period; tone signal generation means for providing a digital tone signal having a sampling period which corresponds to a sampling frequency which is 1/N of the clock frequency, each cycle of said digital tone signal being formed by sampling at M sample points based on said sampling period; and a digital filter for receiving said digital tone signal and filtering out substantially all frequencies above a predetermined cut-off frequency, characterised in that said digital filter, comprises: first, second and third delay circuits, coupled in series and providing first, second and third delayed digital tone signals, respectively, said first delay circuit receiving said digital tone signal, and each delay circuit having K stages, wherein K equals M/N , each of which delays said digital tone signal by one sampling period so that each said delay circuit delays said digital tone signal by K sampling periods; a selector circuit coupled to said tone signal generation means, said first, second and third delay circuits and said clock means for selecting at each clock pulse one of said digital tone signal and said first, second and third delayed digital tone signals and providing such selected signal as a selector output signal; filter coefficient storage and readout means for providing a predetermined filter coefficient signal at each clock period; a multiplier circuit for receiving said selector output signal and said filter coefficient signal and multiplying said two signals at each clock period and providing the multiplied signal as a multiplier output signal; an accumulator circuit for receiving said multiplier output signal and accumulating said multiplier output signal over M clock periods and providing an accumulated multiplier output signal every M periods; and in that said electronic musical instrument further comprises: sampling means for receiving said accumulated multiplier output signal and resampling said signals every K sampling periods. Thus the high frequency components which are likely to produce an aliasing noise with respect to the low-rate sampling frequency are removed from a digital tone signal by the digital filter. Accordingly the problem of the aliasing noise is eliminated in the case where a device using a relatively low clock rate such as a digital effect device is connected to a stage after the sampling means for imparting various tone effects. The invention also provides a tone signal processing device comprising at least clock means for providing a clock signal having a relatively high frequency (ø₀) and having an associated clock period, tone signal generation means for providing a digital tone signal having a plurality of channels and having a first sampling period which corresponds to a first sampling frequency (ø₁) and based on which each cycle of said digital tone signal is formed by sampling at a specific number of sample points, and sampling means for resampling said digital tone signal at a second sampling frequency which is lower than said first sampling frequency (ø₁), characterised in that the device further comprises: at least one delay means having a plurality of stages for receiving said digital tone signal and delaying said signal by a fixed multiple of said clock period at each stage and the or each delay means providing a delayed digital tone signal; selector means for receiving said digital tone signal and said at least one delayed digital tone signal and alternately selecting at each clock period one of said digital tone signal and said at least one delayed digital tone signal and providing said selected digital signal as a selector output signal, wherein each of said digital tone signal and said at least one delayed digital tone signal are selected once during said first sampling period; digital filter coefficient storage and readout means for providing a digital filter coefficient signal at each clock period; multiplier means for receiving said selector output signal and said digital filter coefficient signal and providing a multiplied digital signal at each clock period; and accumulator means for receiving the multiplied digital signal at each clock period and accumulating the received multiplied digital signals during a predetermined number of clock periods and providing the accumulated signal to said sampling means; wherein said specific number of sample points per cycle corresponds to the ratio of the clock frequency to the second sampling frequency. The invention further provides a tone signal processing method comprising providing a clock signal having a relatively high frequency (ø₀) and a clock period associated therewith, processing a digital tone signal having a first sampling period which corresponds to a first sampling frequency (ø₁), and resampling said digital tone signal at a second sampling frequency which is lower than said first sampling frequency, characterised in that said processing comprises: delaying said digital tone signal in a plurality of consecutive stages by a fixed multiple of said first sampling period at each stage and providing a delayed digital tone signal every predetermined number of stages; alternately selecting one of said digital tone signal and said delayed digital tone signal and providing said selected digital signal as a selector output signal, said selecting operation occurring at each clock period, and each of said digital tone signal and delayed digital tone signal being selected once during said first sampling period; providing a digital filter coefficient signal at each clock period; multiplying said selector output signal and said digital filter coefficient signal and providing a multiplied digital output signal at each clock period; and accumulating said multiplied digital output signals during a predetermined number of clock periods and providing an accumulated digital signal for resampling at said second sampling frequency; wherein said predetermined number of clock periods corresponds to the ratio of the clock frequency (ø₀) to said second sampling frequency. In order that the invention may be more fully understood, a preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the tone signal processing device according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the digital filter and the resampling device in Fig. 1 in detail; Fig. 3 is a time chart showing an example of signals appearing in some parts of the circuit of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a waveshape diagram showing an example of a digital tone signal supplied at a high-rate sampling frequency; Fig. 5 is a diagram showing frequency component characteristics of the waveshape shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a diagram showing low-pass filter characteristics realized by the digital filter of Fig. 2; Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a waveshape obtained by filter controlling the waveshape of Fig. 4 with the low-pass filter characteristics of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a diagram showing frequency component characteristics of the waveshape of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a diagram showing frequency component characteristics of a waveshape obtained by resampling the waveshape of Fig. 7 with a low-rate sampling frequency; and Fig. 10 is a diagram showing frequency component characteristics of a waveshape obtained by resampling the waveshape of Fig. 4 with a low-rate sampling frequency without a filtering process. Referring to Fig. 1, tone signal generation means 1 generates tone signals corresponding to respective tone pitches (i.e., note names) in digital according to the pitch synchronizing system. Tones to be generated are designated by a keyboard (not shown) or other suitable means. This tone signal generation means 1 generates one or more digital tone signals of different tone pitches (note names) in a mixed state and, accordingly, the sampling frequency corresponds to the least common multiple of sampling frequencies which are synchronized in pitch with the respective tone pitches when these digital tone signals are viewed as a whole, which sampling frequency therefore is of a fairly high rate (e.g., 800 kHz). For such tone signal generation means 1 of the pitch synchronizing type, the device shown in the above-mentioned Japanese Preliminary Patent Publication No. 171395/1982 or Japanese Patent Application No. 2667/1984 (corresponding to EP 85100233.7) can be utilized. A digital tone signal produced by the tone signal generation means 1, i.e. a high-rate sampled wave signal, is supplied to a sound system 3 via a digital-to-analog converter 2 and sounded therefrom. The digital tone signal provided by the tone signal generation means 1 is supplied also to a system including a digital effect imparting device 4. The digital effect imparting device 4 is a digital circuit for selectively imparting the digital tone signal with effects such as vibrato, chorus, ensemble and reverberation effects. Digital tone signals which are subjects of this digital effect imparting device 4 are of a relatively low-rate sampling frequency (e.g., 50 kHz). For such digital effect imparting device 4, the device shown in Japanese Preliminary Patent Publication No. 50595/1983 (corresponding to US-P4,472,993) or other suitable device can be used. The digital tone signal provided by the digital effect imparting device 4 is supplied to a sound system 6 via a digital-to-analog converter 5. A resampling device 7 is provided between the tone signal generation means 1 and the digital effect imparting device 4 for converting the sampling frequency of the digital tone signal provided by the tone signal generation means 1 from a high-rate one (e.g., 800 kHz) to a low-rate one (e.g., 50 kHz). The digital tone signal which has been resampled with the low-rate sampling frequency in this resampling device 7 thereafter is applied to the digital effect imparting device 4. A digital filter 8 is provided between the tone signal generation means 1 and the resampling device 7. This digital filter 8 filters the digital tone signal which are subjected to a high-rate sampling frequency with such filter characteristics as to be able to substantially remove an aliasing noise with respect to the low-rate sampling frequency (e.g., 50 kHz). As will be apparent from the sampling theorem, the aliasing noise occurs in the frequency region over 1/2 of the sampling frequency so that the filter characteristics of the digital filter 8 should preferably be set to a low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency equivalent to one half the low-rate sampling frequency for removing the aliasing noise. A specific example of the device will be described hereunder on the assumption that the high-rate sampling frequency of 800 kHz and the low-rate sampling frequency of 50 kHz are used. A sample value of the digital tone signal of the high-rate sampling frequency provided by the tone signal generation means 1 is designated by x n . The suffix n represents a sample point number in one cycle of the tone signal which, by way of example, is any one of 0 through 63. A sample value of the digital tone signal provided by the digital filter 8 is designated by y n . By way of example, the digital filter 8 is composed of an FIR filter (finite impulse response filter) of 64 stages having the following transfer function: A sample value of the digital tone signal provided by the resampling device 7 is designated by Z m . Since resampling device 7 converts the high sampling rate of 800 kHz to the low sampling rate of 50 kHz, the filter output signal y n corresponding to the digital tone signal x n sampled at the high sampling rate is resampled every 16 sample points. Accordingly, Z m = y 16n . Fig. 2 shows a specific example of the digital filter 8 and the resampling device 7. The digital filter 8 employs a single multiplier 9 on a time shared basis for multiplying filter coefficient h i of each stage (i = 0 to 63). Delay circuits 10, 11 and 12 each having 16 stages are cascade-connected. The delaying operation of these delay circuits are controlled with a sampling clock pulse synchronized with the high-rate sampling frequency of 800 kHz. The digital tone signal x n supplied in 16-bit parallel is applied to the first stage of the first delay circuit 10 and sequentially delayed by the sampling clock pulse ø₁ in synchronism with the high-rate sampling period. The digital tone signal x n which has not been delayed is applied to a "3" input of a selector 13, the output of the delay circuit 10 which has been delayed by 16 sampling periods is applied to a "2" input thereof, the output of the delay circuit 11 which has been delayed by 32 sampling periods is applied to a "1" input thereof and the output of the delay circuit 12 which has been delayed by 48 sampling periods is applied to a "0" input thereof. To a select control input of the selector 13 is applied a selection signal SEL. As shown in Fig. 3, this selection signal SEL successively changes between four states of "0" to "3" during one high-rate sampling period thereby successively selecting sample values of the digital tone signal applied to the "0" - "3" inputs. The state of the selection signal SEL changes in accordance with a clock pulse ø₀ having a frequency of 3.2 MHz which is four times as high as the high-rate sampling frequency. Thus, the sample value x n is selected by the selector 13 in a skipping manner every 16 sample points in accordance with the period of the clock pulse ø₀ and applied to the multiplier 9. The multiplier 9 receives at other input thereof a filter coefficient h i read out from a coefficient ROM 14. A coefficient readout circuit 15 operates in response to the clock pulse ø₀ thereby designating the order i of the coefficient h i to be read out at each period. The coefficient ROM 14 provides a coefficient h i of the order i which has been designated by the coefficient readout circuit 15. In the foregoing manner, each term h i x n-i of the above formula (1) is sequentially calculated every period of the clock pulse ø₀ in the multiplier 9. An accumulator 16 accumulates values of the respective terms h i x n-i supplied from the multiplier 9 in accordance with the clock pulse ø₀ to obtain the sum y of the series of the formula (1). Since i = 0 to 63, the sum y n of the formula (1) can be obtained by continuating the accumulation during 64 periods of the clock pulse ø₀. A clear signal ACCLR for the accumulator 16 becomes "0" every 64 periods of the clock pulse ø₀ as shown in Fig. 3 and clears contents of the accumulator 16 when it rises. The output of the accumulator 16 is applied to a latch circuit 17 which constitutes the resampling device 7. A latch pulse LP of the latch circuit 17 is generated at a timing similar to that of the clear signal ACCLR , latching contents of the accumulator 16 at its rising. Adjustment of the latch timing with the clear timing is made by a known technique so that the accumulator 16 is cleared after the contents of the accumulator 16 have surely been latched by the latch circuit 17. The low-rate sampling frequency of 50 kHz is used as frequencies of the latch pulse LP and the clear signal ACCLR . The latch circuit 17 has a function of resampling the output tone signal of the digital filter 8 in accordance with the low-rate sampling frequency of 50 kHz and also a function of latching an accumulated value (a filter output value of one sample point) of the accumulator 17. As will be apparent from the foregoing description, the digital filter 8 performs a filter operation for one sample point by spending 64 periods of the clock pulse ø₀, i.e., 16 periods of the high-rate sampling, i.e., one period of the low-rate sampling. Accordingly, the filter output is obtained not at each sample point of the high-rate sampling but every 16 sample points thereof in a skipping manner. No inconvenience, however, is caused by this arrangement, for the resampling in the latch circuit 17 has only to be performed in a skipping manner every 16 sample points and the filter output has only to be obtained at a sample point required for effecting this resampling. It is of course possible to obtain a filter output at each sample point by modifying the device in such a manner that speed of the time division operation of the digital filter 8 is increased or, conversely, providing plural multipliers 9 in correspondence to the respective delay stages and resample this filter output in a skipping manner in accordance with the low-rate sampling frequency. For better understanding of the invention, an example of signals appearing in some parts of the circuit shown in Fig. 2 are shown in Fig. 3. In the figure, A, B, C and D represent sample values x n or x n-i of the tone signal applied to the "3", "0", "1" and "2" inputs of the selector 13 and E represents the sample vlaue provided by the selector 13. H represents the coefficient h i read out from the coefficient ROM 14 in correspondence to this E. G represents the output of the latch circuit 17, i.e., the filter controlled digital tone signal Z which has been converted to the low-rate sampling frequency. For further understanding of the invention, examples of the waveshape and frequency characteristics of the tone signal are illustrated. Fig. 4 is a waveshape diagram showing an example of the digital tone signal supplied in accordance with the high-rate sampling frequency of 800 kHz. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing frequency component characteristics of the waveshape shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5, all frequency components are not shown due to the limitation in illustration and it should be understood that components exist even in a high frequency region over 100 kHz. Fig. 6 shows low-pass filter characteristics realized by the digital filter 8 consisting of an FIR filter of 64 stages with its cut-off frequency being set at 25 kHz. A waveshape obtained by passing the waveshape of Fig. 4 through the digital filter 8 of the low-pass filter characteristics of Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 7. Frequency component characteristics of the waveshape of Fig. 7 are shown in Fig. 8 from which it will be noted that components below 25 kHz have substantially been cut off. Frequency component characteristics of a waveshape obtained by resampling the waveshape of Fig. 7 with the low-rate sampling frequency of 50 kHz are shown in Fig. 9. It will be seen from Fig. 9 that the waveshape has no aliasing noise but consists only of harmonic components. For the sake of comparison, frequency component characteristics of a waveshape obtained by resampling the waveshape of Fig. 4 at the low-rate sampling frequency of 50 kHz without using the filter are shown in Fig. 10. The black beard-like portions are crowded frequency components caused by an aliasing noise. The digital filter employed in the present invention is not limited to the above described FIR filter of 64 stages but any type of filter including an FIR filter of other number of stages or an IIR filter (infinite impulse response filter) may be used. The above embodiment has been described with respect to the example in which the high-rate sampling frequency of 800 kHz is converted to the fixed low-rate sampling frequency of 50 kHz. Relationship between the high-rate frequency and the low-rate one is not limited to this but other ratio may be selected as desired. The low-rate sampling frequency for the resampling is not limited to a fixed one but may be one which varies with time for producing a modulation effect. The tone signal generation means is not limited to a polyphonic type device but a monophonic type device may also be employed. The invention is applicable not only to a device including the pitch synchronous type tone signal generation means but to any device in which the high-rate sampling frequency is converted to a low-rate sampling frequency. According to the invention, a digital tone signal of a high-rate sampling frequency is converted to one of a low-rate sampling frequency after passing the digital tone signal through the digital filter 8 and an aliasing noise thereby can be removed with respect to the low-rate sampling frequency. Accordingly, the invention is useful in a case where a modulation effect device in which an input tone signal is required to be of a relatively low-rate sampling frequency is added to the electronic musical instrument, for coupling of the devices is realized without causing the problem of aliasing noise.

Claims: An electronic musical instrument comprising: clock means for providing a relatively high frequency clock signal (ø₀) having an associated clock period; tone signal generation means (1) for providing a digital tone signal having a sampling period which corresponds to a sampling frequency (ø₁) which is 1/N of the clock frequency (ø₀), each cycle of said digital tone signal being formed by sampling at M sample points based on said sampling period; and a digital filter (8) for receiving said digital tone signal and filtering out substantially all frequencies above a predetermined cut-off frequency, characterised in that said digital filter (8) comprises: first, second and third delay circuits (10, 11, 12), coupled in series and providing first, second and third delayed digital tone signals, respectively, said first delay circuit (10) receiving said digital tone signal, and each delay circuit having K stages, wherein K equals M/N , each of which stages delays said digital tone signal by one sampling period so that each said delay circuit delays said digital tone signal by K sampling periods; a selector circuit (13) coupled to said tone signal generation means (1), said first, second and third delay circuits (10, 11, 12) and said clock means for selecting at each clock pulse one of said digital tone signal and said first, second and third delayed digital tone signals and providing such selected signal as a selector output signal; filter coefficient storage and readout means (14, 15) for providing a predetermined filter coefficient signal at each clock period; a multiplier circuit (9) for receiving said selector output signal and said filter coefficient signal and multiplying said two signals at each clock period and providing the multiplied signal as a multiplier output signal; an accumulator circuit (16) for receiving said multiplier output signal and accumulating said multiplier output signal over M clock periods and providing an accumulated multiplier output signal every M periods; and in that said electronic musical instrument further comprises: sampling means (17) for receiving said accumulated multiplier output signal and resampling said signals every K sampling periods. A electronic musical instrument as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said digital filter (8) is a finite impulse response filter. A electronic musical instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it further comprises first and second sound systems (3, 6), one of the sound systems being coupled to said digital filter (8) and said sampling means (17) and the other sound system being coupled to said tone signal generation means (1), and digital effect imparting means (4) for digitally imparting a predetermined tone effect to the digital tone signal which has been resampled by said sampling means. A tone signal processing device comprising at least clock means for providing a clock signal having a relatively high frequency (ø₀) and having an associated clock period, tone signal generation means (1) for providing a digital tone signal having a plurality of channels and having a first sampling period which corresponds to a first sampling frequency (ø₁) and based on which each cycle of said digital tone signal is formed by sampling at a specific number of sample points, and sampling means (17) for resampling said digital tone signal at a second sampling frequency which is lower than said first sampling frequency (ø₁), characterised in that the device further comprises: at least one delay means (10, 11, 12) having a plurality of stages for receiving said digital tone signal and delaying said signal by a fixed multiple of said clock period at each stage and the or each delay means providing a delayed digital tone signal; selector means (13) for receiving said digital tone signal and said at least one delayed digital tone signal and alternately selecting at each clock period one of said digital tone signal and said at least one delayed digital tone signal and providing said selected digital signal as a selector output signal, wherein each of said digital tone signal and said at least one delayed digital tone signal are selected once during said first sampling period; digital filter coefficient storage and readout means (14, 15) for providing a digital filter coefficient signal at each clock period; multiplier means (9) for receiving said selector output signal and said digital filter coefficient signal and providing a multiplied digital signal at each clock period; and accumulator means (16) for receiving the multiplied digital signal at each clock period and accumulating the received multiplied digital signals during a predetermined number of clock periods and providing the accumulated signal to said sampling means (17); wherein said specific number of sample points per cycle corresponds to the ratio of the clock frequency (ø₀) to the second sampling frequency. A tone signal processing device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that said sampling means (17) comprises a latch circuit. A tone signal processing device as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterised in that it comprises four delay means, wherein each said delay means includes 16 stages and each of said stages delays each digital tone signal by one clock period, and that said predetermined number of clock periods is 64. A tone signal processing device as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that said first sampling period corresponds to 4 clock periods and wherein said fixed multiple of said clock period is 16. A tone signal processing device as claimed in claim 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterised in that said clock frequency is 3.2 MHz, said first sampling frequency is 800 KHz, said second sampling frequency is 50 KHz, said specified number of sample points per cycle is 64 and said accumulated signal is provided at a frequency of 50 KHz. A tone signal processing method comprising providing a clock signal having a relatively high frequency (ø₀) and a clock period associated therewith, processing a digital tone signal having a first sampling period which corresponds to a first sampling frequency (ø₁), and resampling said digital tone signal at a second sampling frequency which is lower than said first sampling frequency, characterised in that said processing comprises: delaying said digital tone signal in a plurality of consecutive stages by a fixed multiple of said first sampling period at each stage and providing a delayed digital tone signal every predetermined number of stages; alternately selecting one of said digital tone signal and said delayed digital tone signal and providing said selected digital signal as a selector output signal, said selecting operation occurring at each clock period, and each of said digital tone signal and delayed digital tone signal being selected once during said first sampling period; providing a digital filter coefficient signal at each clock period; multiplying said selector output signal and said digital filter coefficient signal and providing a multiplied digital output signal at each clock period; and accumulating said multiplied digital output signals during a predetermined number of clock periods and providing an accumulated digital signal for resampling at said second sampling frequency; wherein said predetermined number of clock periods corresponds to the ratio of the clock frequency (ø₀) to said second sampling frequency.

Inventors: KATOH, MITSUMI
Applicants: YAMAHA CORPORATION
Application year: 1985
Main classification: G10H1
IPC codes: G10H1, G10H7, H03H17