TILE

Abstract: A cladding tile (1) for a structure which has one face (24) formed to provide one or more elongated grooves (25) and (26) arranged substantially parallel to one of the tile edges and adapted to fixedly engage a channel member mounted on said structure and the other face (21) of the tile being adapted to form an outer surface for the cladding.

Description: This invention relates to the field of building construction or renovation and more particularly provides an improved method and apparatus for constructing tacades. As is well known existing facades such as those for the exterior walls of houses may comprise a brickwork veneer which, with new constructions may be erected immediately adjacent the interior structural members or, in the case of renovations of existing dwellings is normally disposed as a cladding over the pre-existing exterior surface which may be timber or fibreboard. In each case however the brickwork although forming little if any, part ot the actual load bearing structure of the building is nevertheless self-supporting ana thus requires the provision of suitable foundations and -a substantial degree of expertise for its construction. The proper erection of such facades is therefore beyond the capabilities of the average handyman and requires the employment ot expensive skilled labour. While it is also known to construct external or internal facades by affixing pre-formed tiles directly onto a wall using adhesives or mechanical bracket means existing arrangements are either unreliable or require the fitting of complicated and expensive bracket assemblies over the wall surface. Further the mechanical bracket assemblies known hitherto only enable cladding tiles to be affixed in a stacked configuration rather than the more popular staggered arrangement. It is therefore an object of this invention to ameliorate the aforementioned disadvantages and accordingly a e s sc ose or e ex erna or • n erna c a ng o a structure which has one face formed to provide one or more elongated grooves arranged substantially parallel to one of the tile edges and adapted to fixedly engage a channel member mounted on said structure and the other face of the tile bein -adapted to form the outer surface of the cladding. The channel member according to this invention is accordingly formed to provide one or more elongated lips for engaging in said grooves, preferably this member may comprise a central web to receive a fixing means such as a screw, rivet or nail with the lips formed along the upper and lower edges thereof. Preferably the web is also shaped so that the lips operate to bias the tiles against the surface of the structure in an interlocking relationship. One preferred embodiment of this invention will now be described with reference to the attached drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one form of cladding tile according to this invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a preferred means of fixing the tile of Fig. 1 to a support surface; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a preferred form of channel member according to this invention; Fig. 4 shows an alternative means of fixing the tile of Fig. 1 to a support surface using the channel member depicted in Fig. 3; Figs. 5 to 8 show further examples of the abovementioned cladding tiles affixed over a support structure; Fig. 9 shows a second embodiment ot a cladding tile according to th s nvention; Fig. 10 shows a second embodiment of a channel member according to this invention; Fig. 11 shows the preferred means of fixing the tile shown in Fig. 9 to a support surface using the channel member of Fig. 10; and Fig. 12 shows a preferred form of spacing rib for use with this invention. Referring first to Fig. 1 the tile is designated generally as 1 and comprises a planar surface 2 which forms the outer surface of the cladding and an inner face 3 adapted to engage with the channel member. More specifically face 3 is shaped to provide a pair of elongated grooves 5 extending along its length. Each of these grooves first extends inwardly of the tile at 5A and then transversely at 5B so as to form a ridge 5C on one side. The surface areas 6 and 7 between and adjacent these grooves may also be shaped to a concavity to reduce the weight of the tile, and also accommodate any electrical cables or the like disposed along the support surface. The upper edge of the tile as shwon in Figs. 1 and 2 is of a stepped con iguration to form a tongue 8 having an outer surface 8A which is inclined towards the inner face 3 and terminates in the flat upper edge face 9. This inclined surface 8A enables the tile to interfit with the lower undercut edge 10 of an adjacent identical tile as shown in Fig. 2 and also provides a neat and aesthetically pleasing recessed joint 11 therebetween. This recess 11 can be filled with grout or cement if desired to produce the . The preferred form of channel member 12 is shown in Fig. 2 as well as Fig. 3. It may be of any convenient length and is preferably formed as one piece from rolled mild steel sheet, extruded aluminium or plastic and comprises a central web 14 between curved edge portions 15 and 16. The web may have spaced apart holes 16A * along its length to receive nails or screws for securing it in longitudinal strips across the face of a structure and may also be creased along a line 17 to form in profile a shallow f V' shape. Each of the edge portions 15 and 16 are curved to terminate in parallel lips 18 and 19 which are angled outwardly and spaced apart a suitable distance such that they can simultaneously engage within the grooves 5 of adjacent tiles as best shown in Fig. 2. Although not shown additional holes may also be provided . in the lips 18 and 19 along the channel length for water drainage. In addition to supporting the weight of the tiles the novel and unique 'V shaped profile of the channel member and the outwardly angled lips have the effect of spring loading the lower portion of each tile inwardly against the support surface 19A. This enables each succeeding tile to be quickly and simply snap fitted in place over the lower one and also provides a smooth and solid outer surface for the facade. Each succeeding row of tiles is fitted in place by first aligning it against the support surface 19A above the lower tile such that the lips 18 and 19 of the channel members extend part way into the respective upper and lower grooves 5 the lips to engage behind the ridges 5C and the undercut edge 20 of the tile to simultaneously ride up on the inclined surface 8A of the lower tile which has the effect of securely locking the tile in place by the spring .force of the lips. An alternative form of fixing an individual row of tiles in place using the same preferred forms of this invention is shown in Fig. 4. In this case the lips 18 and 19 of the channel member engage in the respective grooves of the same tile rather than extending between adjacent rows as described earlier. This form of attachment may be advantageous along the upper and lower extremeties or a wall structure where only a single row of tiles or portion thereof need to be fixed in place. Further illustrations of this embodiment of the invention are shown in Figs. 5 to 8. As shown the channel members 12 are first secured in longitudinal strips across the surface of the structure 20 and are spaced in accordance with the tile height. The tiles may be subsequently snap fitted in place in either a stacked or staggered arrangement as described earlier. As best shown in Fig. 8 the vertical edges 21 of the tiles may also be bevelled to provide a neat and crevice-free fit around the corner of the structure. A second embodiment of a cladding tile and channel member according to this invention is shown in Fig. 9. The exterior face of this tile is similar to that shown earlier. It comprises a planar exterior surrace 21 with the upper edge 22 being formed into a stepped configuration and the lower e ge un ercu o n er w an a acen e. e inner face 24 of this embodiment however omits the concavities 6 and 7 displayed in Fig. 1 and instead includes straight sided rectangular channels 25 and 26 which extend the length of the tile. It is envisaged that this configuration would facilitate the production of the tile from existing extrusion plant without expensive retooling costs. An alternative form of channel member 26A which may be used to mount either of the cladding tiles depicted in Figs. 1 or 9 is shown in Fig. 10. It generally follows the basic shape of configuration of the member shown in Fig. 3, however the central crease 17 of the first embodiment is replaced by a shallow rounded trough 27 along the length of the member. The upper and lower lips 28 and 29 have also been modified • and now comprise substantially planar* horizontal and angled segments 30 to 33. It has also been found advantageous to provide a set of mounting holes 34 along the length of the central web approximately two-thirds of the distance down ' from the upper edge. Preferably these holes are spaced apart by a distance "A" of about 45mm. With standard constructions this spacing has been found to maximize the number of fixing elements along the length of the member which engage building studs. Other spacing for these holes however may be found appropriate for different installations. Fig. 11 shows a further alternative arrangement for fixing the cladding tiles to a supporting surtace. While the channel members 26A support the rear faces of the tiles in a . they are vertically spaced so as to only engage across alternate tile joints 35. In order to prevent any looseness in the tiles or undulations in the external surface adjacent the intermediate unsupported joints 36 a spacing rib 37 may be disposed as shown between the inner face of the tiles adjacent their upper edge and the supporting surface 38. One preterred form of this rib is depicted in Fig. 12. It comprises a substantially planar top and rear surfaces 39 and 40 with the front surface curving outwardly towards the top to form .a concavity 41. This rib thus neatly abuts the cladding tile as shown in Fig. 11, with the rear surface 40 resting against the support wall and the upper edge of the tile seating in the concavity 41. The rib may be constructed of any suitable material such as plastic, rubber or metal and may be of any convenient length. The cross-sectional dimensions may also be varied to ensure a suitable spacing behind the tiles for a flat external finish on the structure. 'It will thus be appreciated that this invention at least in the form of the embodiment described provides a novel, unique and low cost apparatus and method for cladding surfaces. Clearly however the particular example described is only one form of this invention and a wide variety of modifications may be made which would be apparent to a man skilled in the art. For example although the cladding should- preferably simulate standard building brick constructions the particular shape, configuration and size of the channel member and tiles as well as the grooves therein may be modi f e accor ng to app cat on an or es gn pre erence . Also while the preferred material for the tiles is a ceramic and they are thus designed for production as a twin extrusion clearly a wide variety of other suitable weather resistant substances such as injection mouldable plastics may also be used. In accordance with yet another aspect of this invention it is also proposed that cladding tiles of the type described herein may, when in the form of the twin extrusion shown in Fig. 13, be used to construct free standing panels. These can be constructed by the connection ot each twin extrusion end to end, to so align the cavities 42 within the twin extrusion by a suitable metal compression system passing through the aligned cavities. In this way, a single course of twin extrusion blocks can be assembled to form a beam for subsequent mounting in suitably arranged end restraints. Subsequent courses are assembled upon the previous course to form a panel of the desired height and width.

Claims: 1. A cladding tile for a structure which has one face formed to provide one or more elongated grooves arranged substantially parallel to one of the tile edges and adapted to fixedly engage a channel member mounted on said structure ' and the other face of the tile being adapted to form an outer surface for the cladding. 2. The tile as claimed in claim 1, wherein said one face is formed to provide a pair of elongated grooves which extend along the length of the tile. 3. The tile as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a first edge is of a stepped configuration to form a tongue and a second opposite edge is undercut so that respective first and second edges of two of said tiles are adapted to interfit to provide an aesthetically pleasing recessed joint therebetween. 4. The tile as-claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of said grooves first extends inwardly of said one face and then transversly so as to form a ridge. 5. The tile as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the area of said one face between said pair of grooves is concave to reduce the weight of the tile and also accommodate electrical cables or the like extending over the surface of said structure. 6. The tile as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the area of said one face between said pair of grooves is formed into a straight sided rectangular channel. 7. A cladding tile for a structure substantially as described herein with reference to the attached drawings. 8. A channel member for affixing the cladding tile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, to the surface of a structure comprising a central web adapted to receive a fixing means for securing said member to the structure and a pair of lips formed along the edges thereof to engage the grooves in said cladding tile. 9. The channel member as claimed in claim 8, wherein the central web is shaped so that the lips operate to bias the tiles against the surface of the structure in an interlocking relationship. 10. The channel member as claimed in claim 9, wherein the web has a central crease along its length to form in profile a shallow 'V shape and the lips are angled outwardly. 11. The channel member as claimed in claim 9, wherein the web has a shallow central trough formed along its length and the lips comprise substantially planar horizontal and angled segments. 12. A channel member substantially as described herein with reference to the attached drawings. 13. A facade for a .structure comprising one or more tiles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 and one or more support channels as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 12. 14. The facade for a structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein there are two or more courses of said tiles affixed to said structure and the lips of some of the support channels engage the tiles of adjacent courses. 15. The facade as claimed in claim 13, wherein both lips of some of the support channel.-, engage the same course of tiles. 16. The facade as claimed in claim 12, wherein a spacing rib is disposed between the inner face of each tile adjacent the upper edge thereof and the surface of the structure so as to prevent any looseness of the tiles.

Inventors: MCGARRY CHARLES WILLIAM, MCGARRY, CHARLES, WILLIAM
Applicants: ALLIED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ALLIED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PTY. LTD.
Application year: 1985
Main classification: E04D1
IPC codes: E04F13