LOW-FLOW PUMP CASING

Abstract: A centrifugal slurry pump casing which reduces localised wear behind the cutwater caused when the pump operates at less than the best efficiency point flow rate. By reducing the throat area (13) of the casing (12) in the region of the cutwater (14) to 30-70% of the discharge neck (17) at the discharge flange (18), recirculation and vortexing due to slurry re-entering the volute is substantially reduced.

Description: Low-Flow Pump Casing This present invention relates to an improved casing design for use with centrifugal pumps, and in particular, pumps handling abrasive solids in suspension (i.e. slurry) , where the *.5 flowrate is significantly less than the best efficiency point flowrate for that pump. The casing of a centrifugal pump acts as a collector, containing the fluid as it flows from the impeller, diffusing the high velocities and channeling the fluid into the outlet or 10 discharge branch. Pumps which are designed for handling non abrasive or clear fluids generally have close clearances between the impeller and the casing at the cutwater .(of the order of 2-5% of the impeller diameter) , as this gives the most efficient 15 design. Conversely centrifugal pumps designed to handle fibrous or particulate abrasive solids in suspension (slurry pumps) generally have much larger clearances between the impeller and casing to obviate blockages and high local wear which would 20 occur in the case of small clearances. In addition conventional slurry pump casings have generally a constant area discharge neck, with the cross sectional area at the cutwater only 10-20% less than the area at the discharge flange. Designs incorporating large cutwater clearances and constant 25 area discharge necks give adequate overall performance at the _ ♦ pump "Best Efficiency Point" flowrate (BEP) . However at flowrates less than the BEP sever localised abrasive wear behind the cutwater can be a problem. This wear is caused by recirculation and vortexing as fluid which cannot flow out the discharge branch re-enters the volute flowing around the cutwater at an unfavourable angle. Slurry pumps often have to operate at off-design conditions (i.e. flowrates not coincident with the BEP) due to process flow variations or mismatching of the pump and duty requirements. The present invention seeks to ameliorate the above problems by providing a pump casing for slurry pumps which has an improved casing shape in the region of the cutwater and discharge branch, to minimise the localised wear by changing the conventional flow pattern to suit the reduced pump flowrate. In one broad form the invention comprises a centrifugal slurry pump casing comprising a discharge throat whose area is reduced compared to the area of the discharge throat of the pump operating at the best efficiency point flowrate. In another form the invention comprises a centrifugal slurry pump casing adapted to be operated at flowrate in the range of 30-70% of the best efficiency point flowrate, said pump casing shape having an extended cutwater which reduces the throat area of the casing to 30-70% of the discharge neck area at the discharge flange. A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a centrifugal slurry pump casing with the cutwater projecting across and partially obstructing the discharge neck so as to give a reduced area for the discharge. Downstream of the cutwater (i.e. further up the discharge neck) and on the opposite side from the cutwater is a bulge or convex protrusion which acts to further guide the flow and reduce the discharge area. The area reduction is primarily in a plane perpendicular to the axis of impeller rotation, so that the width of the discharge neck remains essentially constant from the cutwater to the discharge flange. The overall shape is such that the effective area of the discharge neck at the cutwater (the throat area) is reduced in the order of 30-70% of the area of the discharge neck at the discharge flange. The invention does not greatly effect the overall pump hydraulic performance and although the BEP flowrate may be reduced slightly, the pump's head-flow characteristic remains basically unchanged. This greatly enhances the application of the present invention. As is common with centrifugal pump casings when used in the pumping of abrasive media, the casing is made from either hard metal or elastomeric material, and while the casing may be split in 2 or 3 pieces to -aid in assembly, or may even be only the containment vessel for a pump with outer covering plate, the primary aspect of the invention relates to the internal hydraulic shape not the outer form., material or method of support for the casing. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: Fig. 1 is a cross-section of a conventional centrifugal water pump impeller and casing, said cross-section being in a plane normal to the axis of impeller rotation; Fig. 2 is a cross-section of a conventional centrifugal slurry pump impeller and casing, said cross-section being in a plane normal to the axis of impeller rotation; Fig. 3 is a cross-section of a centrifugal slurry pump impeller and casing according to an embodiment of the present invention, said cross-section being in a plane normal to the axis of impeller rotation; 5 Fig. 4 shows a view of the casing flange and throat of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 shows a section through the casing of Fig. 3 at v-v; and Fig. 6 is a partial cross-section of a casing according to 10 . this invention, said cross-section being in a plane through the axis of impeller rotation. Referring to Fig. 1, the typical centrifugal pump casing (1) has a gradually increasing radius of curvature starting from the cutwater (2) through to a point tangential to the 15 discharge neck (3) . The impeller 4 spins within the casing having a smallest peripheral clearance at the cutwater (5) . The discharge neck area generally increases from the throat (6) adjacent to the cutwater through to the discharge flange (7) . The above described water pump casing (1) can be compared 20 with a conventional slurry pump casing (8) in Fig. 2. The main differences are readily apparent, with the increased cutwater clearance (9) , and fairly uniform discharge neck area between the throat (10) and discharge flange (11) being the most obvious. It can be seen that this design would readily allow 25 flow recirculation around the cutwater at reduced flowrates (w.r.t. BEP) because of the open throat area and shape of the cutwater. Fig. 3 illustrates the preferred embodiment of a slurry pump casing of the present invention which comprises a basically conventional slurry pump casing (12) with an unconventional shape in the cutwater area. To reduce the throat area (13) and stop recirculation the cutwater (14) is .5 extended across the throat without greatly altering the -; cutwater clearance (15) and a protrusion roughly convex in shape (16) is added to the opposing wall of the discharge neck. The resultant geometry leads to a reduction in the throat area such that the ratio of throat area (13) to 10 discharge area (17) is in the range 0.3 to 0.7. The cutwater clearance (15) is in the range of between 5 and 40% of the impeller diameter, depending on the individual design requirements. Fig. 5 shows a section taken at a plane normal to the 15 discharge neck centreline as indicated in Fig. 3. As can be seen the width 23 at the discharge flange (18) is approximately the same as the width at the throat (19) . However the width of the throat can be between 50% and 100% of the width .of the discharge flange. 20 Fig. 6 shows a half section view vi-vi taken through the axis of the impeller centreline as indicated in Fig. 3. This view illustrates the relationship between the impeller (20) and the pump casing (21). The improved cutwater profile (22) is shown with its fillet radii blending continuously at the apex 25 of the cutwater and the casing side walls. While this invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiment, it is understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims: 1. A centrifugal slurry pump casing comprising a discharge throat whose area is reduced compared to the area of the discharge throat of the pump operating at the best efficiency point flowrate. 2. A centrifugal slurry pump casing adapted to be operated at flowrate in the range of 30-70% of the best efficiency point flowrate, said pump casing shape having an extended cutwater which reduces the throat area of the casing to 30-70% of the discharge neck area at the discharge flange. 3. A pump casing as defined in claim 1 or 2 having a convex shaped protrusion in the discharge neck opposite to and slightly downstream from the cutwater, said protrusion contributing to the area reduction at the throat. 4. A pump casing as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3 having an impeller located therein with the cutwater having a clearance from the impeller of between 5 to 40%. 5. A pump casing as defined in any one of the preceding claims having a discharge neck width (in a plane lying in the axis of the discharge branch and parallel to the axis of impeller rotation) from 50 to 100% of the inside diameter of the discharge flange. 6. A pump casing as defined in any one of the preceding claims made from either hard metal, ceramic or elastomeric material, or any combination of the aforementioned, said casing being constructed in one piece or a number of pieces, with or without support being provided by a covering plate.

Inventors: GRZINA ANTHONY, GRZINA, ANTHONY
Applicants: WARMAN INT LTD, WARMAN INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
Application year: 1985
Main classification: F04D7
IPC codes: F04D29