POWER SOURCE FOR WIRE CUT ELECTROSPARK MACHINING

Abstract: A power source for wire cut electrospark maching wherein a voltage for machining and an inverse voltage are applied to a machining gap between a wire electrode (P) and a work (W), the inverse voltage being so controlled that the average voltage for machining applied thereto will be zero, in order to prevent electrolytic corrosion from taking place on the work (w). An inverse voltage time adjusting circuit (2) detects the average voltage for machining, and produces a pulse (S5) of a width corresponding to the detected voltage. This serves as the inverse voltage pulse width. The inverse voltage adjusting circuit (1) controls a transistor that applies inverse voltage, such that the inverse voltage applied to the machining gap remains constant.

Description: The present invention relates to a wire discharge machining power source wherein in wire-cut discharge machining a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of a voltage applied during electric discharge machining is applied between a wire electrode and a workpiece, thereby reducing electrolytic effect and hence galvanic corrosion. In electric discharge machining using water as a working fluid, an electrolytic effect occurs. In particular, when a workpiece such as a carbide which is easily subject to galvanic corrosion is machined roughly, the workpiece tends to be embrittled, resulting in inconvenience. In second cutting, the surface of the workpiece is roughened by selective galvanic corrosion of particles constituting the workpiece due to the electrolytic decomposition. A finished surface is roughened, thus resulting in inconvenience. In order to avoid this, a technique is known to those skilled in the art wherein a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of a voltage applied during machining is applied between an electrode and a workpiece during nonmachining, to reduce the electrolytic effect. This known technique is described for example in EP-A-0027041 and in Japanese provisional patent publication No. 113899/1975. A reverse voltage applied between the workpiece and the electrode may vary in accordance with a change in thickness of the workpiece and a leakage current flowing from the gap between the workpiece and the electrode and the like. When a peak value of the reverse voltage is too large, the electrode is greatly damaged. When positive discharge is performed with small energy, damage to the workpiece which is caused by reverse voltage discharge worsens the roughness of the machined surface. However, when a peak value of the reverse voltage is too small, a time for applying the reverse voltage must be prolonged, thus degrading machining efficiency. In order to solve the above problem encountered in electric discharge machining of the type wherein application of the reverse voltage is applied, a reverse voltage peak value must be controlled. It is possible using the present invention, to provide a wire discharge machining power source with a circuit for applying between a wire electrode and a workpiece during nonmachining a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of a voltage applied during machining so as to reduce an electrolytic effect, wherein variations in peak value of the reverse voltage are avoided, and a reverse voltage applying time can be automatically controlled, and the average machining voltage can be set to zero. According to the present invention there is provided a wire discharge machining power source for turning on a switching element to apply a voltage between a wire electrode and a workpiece during machining so as to cause an electric discharge, and for applying a reverse voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the voltage applied during machining when said switching element is turned off, the reverse voltage being applied between said wire electrode and said workpiece through a transistor and a resistor, characterised by: a reverse voltage application time control circuit for detecting a value of an average voltage applied between said wire electrode and said workpiece and for generating a pulse with a pulse width corresponding to said average voltage value; and a reverse voltage regulating circuit for controlling the reverse voltage to have a predetermined peak value, having a sample/hold circuit for detecting and holding a difference between a reference voltage and a voltage between said transistor and said resistor upon application of the reverse voltage, for generating an output with a value corresponding to a holding voltage of said sample/hold circuit, the output from said reverse voltage regulating circuit being generated for a period corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse from said reverse voltage application time control circuit such that said average voltage is controlled to be substantially zero. According to the present invention, in wire-cut discharge machining, the reverse voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the voltage applied during machining is applied between the wire electrode and the workpiece during nonmachining. At the same time, automatic adjustment is performed such that variations in the reverse voltage may be eliminated to obtain a constant reverse voltage, and the reverse voltage application time can be determined to set the average machining voltage to be zero. The electrolytic effect and hence galvanic corrosion of the workpiece can be reduced by this. In addition, damage to the electrode and the workpiece which is caused by an excessively high reverse voltage can be avoided. Furthermore, since the peak value of the reverse voltage is optimized, the machining time can be shortened, thus improving machining efficiency. Brief Description of Drawings Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a basic arrangement of a wire discharge machining power source according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a reverse voltage application control circuit connected to the basic circuit under the control in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the circuit of Fig. 2. An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a basic circuit of a wire discharge machining power source according to an embodiment of the present invention. Reference symbol P denotes a wire electrode; W, a workpiece; and E1, a DC power source. The power source E1 supplies a voltage between the workpiece W and the wire electrode P to perform electric discharge machining when a transistor T1 as a switching element is turned on through a current limiting resistor R1. The above arrangement is the same as a conventional transistor type discharge circuit. Reference symbol E2 denotes a DC power source for applying a reverse voltage between the workpiece W and the wire electrode P. The reverse voltage is applied between the workpiece W and the wire electrode P through a transistor T2 and a current limiting resistor R2. Reference symbols G1 and G2 denote base terminals of the transistors T1 and T2. The base terminals G1 and G2 receive a pulse S1 from a pulse generator (not shown) and a pulse S2 from a control circuit (to be described later). The transistor T2 is connected to a control circuit of Fig. 2 and thus is controlled to serve as a class "A" amplifier. Referring to Fig. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a reverse voltage regulating circuit for controlling to set constant a peak value of the reverse voltage applied between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W. Reference numeral 2 denotes a reverse voltage application time control circuit for controlling application time of the reverse voltage. The reverse voltage regulating circuit 1 comprises: a voltage divider 8 consisting of resistors R3 and R4 which divide a potential at a point d of Fig. 1, i.e., a voltage across points d and b of Fig. 1 to obtain an input signal; a sample/hold circuit 9 consisting of an analog switch 3, a differential amplifier 4 and capacitors C1 and C2; a diode D1; a preamplifier 5; an inverter I1 and the like. An output S2 from the circuit 1 is supplied to the base G2 of the transistor T2. The reverse voltage application time control circuit 2 comprises: a voltage divider 10 consisting of resistors R10 and R11 which divide a voltage across terminals a and b of Fig. 1, i.e., a voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W so as to obtain an input voltage; a smoothing circuit 6 for smoothing the input voltage; a comparator 7, a transistor T3 which is turned on upon reception of the signal S1 (for turning on the transistor T1) at its base G3 from a pulse generator (not shown) through an input terminal L1; a capacitor C4 connected in parallel with the transistor T3; a NAND gate N1; inverters I2 and I3 and the like. An output S5 from the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2 is supplied to the preamplifier 5 through the analog switch 3 and the inverter I1 of the reverse voltage regulating circuit 1. The operation of the power source according to this embodiment will now be described with reference to the timing chart of Fig. 3. Briefly describing, in the basic circuit of Fig. 1, the pulse S1 from the pulse generator (not shown) is supplied to the base G1 of the transistor T1. The pulse S1 is kept on for a predetermined period shown in Fig. 3(i) and is periodically generated. The transistor T1 is turned on upon generation of the pulse S1 to cause the DC power source E1 to apply a voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W, thereby causing an electric discharge. Thereafter, the pulse S1 is disabled to turn off the transistor T1. At the same time, the pulse S2 from the reverse voltage regulating circuit 1 is supplied to the gate G2 of the transistor T2 which is then turned on, thereby causing the power source E2 to apply the reverse voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W. This operation is repeated upon generating and falling of the pulse S1. As shown in Fig. 2, a gap voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W is divided by the resistors R10 and R11, and the divided voltage is applied to the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2. The gap voltage is also smoothed by the smoothing circuit 6 in the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2. Therefore, an output from the smoothing circuit 6 represents an average value (i.e., an average machining voltage) of voltages applied between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W throughout the ON and OFF times (during machining and nonmachining). The average value is represented VL as in Figs. 2 and 3. The average machining voltage display output (to be referred to as an average machining voltage hereinafter) VL is supplied to the noninverting input terminal of the comparator 7. Since the base G3 of the transistor T3 is connected to the input terminal L1, the transistor T3 is turned on upon generation of the pulse S1 for turning on the transistor T3. A voltage VC supplied to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 7 at the leading edge of the pulse S1 is decreased from a biasing voltage V2 to 0 V, as shown in Fig. 3(ii). When the ON time has elapsed, i.e., when the transistor T3 is turned off, charging of the capacitor C4 is started, as shown in Fig. 3(ii), so that a charge voltage VC is applied to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 7. The comparator 7 compares the voltage VL with the voltage VC. While the charge voltage VC from the capacitor C4 is kept lower than the average machining voltage VL, the comparator 7 continues to generate a pulse S3 shown in Fig. 3(iii). The output S3 from the comparator 7 and a signal S4 obtained by inverting the pulse S1 through the inverter I2 are supplied to the NAND gate N1. An output from the NAND gate N1 is inverted through the inverter I3. The inverter I3 generates a pulse S5 shown in Fig. 3(iv). The output pulse S5 causes the analog switch 3 in the reverse voltage regulating circuit 1 to turn on and is inverted by the inverter I1. An inverted signal is supplied as a pulse S6 to the preamplifier 5 which is then operated. A width of the output pulse S5 from the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2 varies in accordance with a magnitude of the average machining voltage VL as an output from the smoothing circuit 6. When the level of the average machining voltage VL comes near zero in Fig. 3(ii), the width of the output pulse S5 shown in Fig. 3(iv) is decreased. However, when the level of the average machining voltage VL is increased, the output pulse width is increased. Even if the level of the average machining voltage is held zero, a low output voltage is generated from the smoothing circuit 6 since the circuit 6 does not have an infinite gain. In order to guarantee the output voltage from the smoothing circuit 6, the low voltage may be added to the input voltage, i.e., the divided voltage from the resistors R10 and R11, and the sum voltage is applied to the smoothing circuit 6. On the other hand, the reverse voltage regulating circuit 1 receives the divided voltage from the voltage divider 8 consisting of the resistors R3 and R4 for dividing the potential at the point d of the basic circuit of Fig. 1, i.e., the voltage across the points b and d . The divided voltage is applied to the sample/hold circuit 9 consisting of the analog switch 3, the capacitor C1, the differential amplifier 4 and the capacitor C2. When the analog switch 3 is turned on in response to the pulse S5 (Fig. 3(iv)) from the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2, the capacitor C1 is charged with the divided voltage. The capacitor C1 is charged in the polarity shown in Fig. 2 while the switch 3 is kept on. A difference between the charge voltage at the capacitor C1 and a reference voltage V1 is amplified by the differential amplifier 4. An output voltage S7 from the differential amplifier 4 charges the capacitor C2 which is thus kept at a potential corresponding to the potential between the points b and d . The output S6 obtained by inverting the output from the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2 by means of the inverter I1 is applied to the preamplifier 5 for causing the transistor T2 (as a constituting component of the circuit for applying the reverse voltage between the workpiece W and the wire electrode P) to serve as a class "A" amplifier. In response to the input S6, the preamplifier 5 generates a negative pulse S2 of a voltage corresponding to the charge voltage of the capacitor C2, so that the transistor T2 is turned on. For this reason, the reverse voltage with a predetermined peak value is applied between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W. When the machining area of the workpiece W is increased, the leakage current is increased, or the gap voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W decreases, the voltage (i.e., the potential at the point d ) across the points b and d of Fig. 1 is inversely increased. For this reason, the negative voltage charged and held by the capacitor is also lowered, and the output S2 from the preamplifier 5 is a lower negative voltage. This voltage is applied to the base G2 of the pnp transistor T2, so that a current tends to easily flow through the transistor T2. A resistance between the points b and d and hence a voltage therebetween are decreased, and a voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W is increased. However, when the machining area of the workpiece W is decreased or the leakage current is small, the gap voltage is increased and the voltage between the points b and d is decreased. Accordingly, the negative charge voltage of the capacitor C2 decreases, and a considerably low negative voltage is not applied to the base G2 of the transistor T2. Therefore, the voltage between the points b and d is high, and the voltage between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W is kept low. The voltage variation between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W which is influenced by the machining area of the workpiece W and the leakage current is automatically controlled, thereby obtaining a predetermined voltage. The negative output S2 from the preamplifier 5 is generated for the pulse width of the pulse S5, which varies in response to a change in average machining voltage (Fig. 3(iv)) from the reverse voltage application time control circuit 2. The reverse voltage having the predetermined peak value and a pulse width for setting the average machining voltage to zero is applied between the wire electrode P and the workpiece W. In the above embodiment, a transistor discharge circuit of Fig. 1 is exemplified as the basic circuit of the wire discharge machining power source. However, the present invention is not limited to the power source of the type described above. For example, a capacitor may be connected between the terminals a and b of Fig. 1 to constitute a transistor-controlled capacitor discharge circuit for charging/discharging the capacitor to achieve electric discharge machining.

Claims: A wire discharge machining power source for turning on a switching element (S1) to apply a voltage between a wire electrode (P) and a workpiece (W) during machining so as to cause an electric discharge, and for applying a reverse voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the voltage applied during machining when said switching element (S1) is turned off, the reverse voltage being applied between said wire electrode (P) and said workpiece (W) through a transistor (T2) and a resistor (R2), characterised by: a reverse voltage application time control circuit (2) for detecting a value of an average voltage applied between said wire electrode (P) and said workpiece (W) and for generating a pulse (S5) with a pulse width corresponding to said average voltage value; and a reverse voltage regulating circuit (1) for controlling the reverse voltage to have a predetermined peak value, having a sample/hold circuit (9) for detecting and holding a difference between a reference voltage and a voltage between said transistor (T2) and said resistor (R2) upon application of the reverse voltage, for generating an output (S7) with a value corresponding to a holding voltage of said sample/hold circuit (9), the output from said reverse voltage regulating circuit (1) being generated for a period corresponding to the pulse width of the pulse (S5) from said reverse voltage application time control circuit (2) such that said average voltage is controlled to be substantially zero. A power source according to claim 1, wherein said reverse voltage application time control circuit (2) comprises: a smoothing circuit (6) for smoothing a voltage obtained by dividing the voltage applied between said wire electrode (P) and said workpiece (W); a capacitor (C4) which is discharged for a period of an ON pulse for said switching element (S1) and which starts charging upon falling of the ON pulse; a comparator (7) for continuously generating an output until a charge voltage at said capacitor (C4) reaches an output voltage from said smoothing circuit (6); and a gate circuit (N1) for generating an output while the output from said comparator (7) is being generated and the ON pulse is kept on. A power source according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said sample/hold circuit (9) includes a capacitor (C1) for holding a voltage which is increased upon a decrease in the voltage applied between said wire electrode (P) and said workpiece (W) and decreased upon an increase in the voltage applied between said wire electrode (P) and said workpiece (W). A power source according to claim 3, wherein said sample/hold circuit (9) includes an operational amplifier (A), an inverting input terminal of which is connected to said capacitor (C1), and a second capacitor (C2), connected to an output terminal of said operational amplifier (A), for holding an output voltage from said operational amplifier (A). A power source according to claim 4, wherein said reverse voltage regulating circuit (1) includes a preamplifier (5) for generating an output corresponding to the voltage held by said second capacitor (C2) for the period corresponding to the pulse width of the output pulse from said reverse voltage application time control circuit (2).

Inventors: ITO, MASAYA, OBARA, HARUKI, TONOMURA, MASASHI
Applicants: FANUC LTD.
Application year: 1985
Main classification: B23H1
IPC codes: B23H1, B23H7