MEANS FOR IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF A TRACTOR OR WORKING MACHINE

Abstract: Means for improving the stability of a tractor or another working machine. Stability problems occur in a tractor in which to the body structure, or in conjunction with the wheel axle, has been connected a swivelling joint with horizontal axis which permits twisting of the axles with references to each other when traversing uneven terrain. If the tractor furthermore is provided with a work implement, such as a loader and/or an excavator for instance, there is produced, particularly in the loaded condition, a moment tending to overturn the tractor when the wheels are in a position turned to one side, for steering. The invention teaches to improve the stability of the tractor or working machine in that in the tractor's body (2) has been provided a bracing member (10, 11) which counteracts the turning of the swivelling joint when the tractor's wheels are in a position turned to one side, for steering. The means is preferably mounted on a body-steered tractor. According to one embodiment, to the rocking axle of the tractor wheels have been connected two hydraulic bracing cylinders (12, 14) which have been hydraulically connected in parallel with the lifting cylinders (19, 20) of the loader (23). An interposed distributing valve (22) controlled by the body steering joint (4) controls the action of the bracing cylinders in such manners that the bracing cylinder counteracts the upward rising of that end of the rocking axle in the direction of which the tractor has been steered by the steering joint.

Description: Means for improving the stability of a tractor or working machine The present invention concerns a means for improving the stability of a tractor or other working machine in which a swivelling joint with horizontal axis has been connected to the body structure of the tractor or in conjunction with the wheel axles, this joint enabling the tractor's wheel axles to twist relative to each other when driving over rough terrain, and said tractor being provided with a work implement projecting beyond its frame, such as a loader and/or an excavator, which when loaded produces a moment tending to overturn the tractor when the tractor wheels are in a position turned to one side to the purpose of steering. For moving about in uneven terrain, the tractor and the work im¬ plement have as a rule been provided with some kind of swivelling joint which allows the tractor's wheel axles to twist with refer- ence to each other. The structure cannot be made rigid since every tractor wheel must be able separately to conform to the terrain configuration, for instance to its dips and eminences. The swivelling axle may be disposed in the body of the tractor, or the axle of the tractor wheels may be designed to be a rocking axle. Since to the body of the tractor large-sized work implements are often attached, such as loaders or excavators, the centre of gravity of the whole tractor tends to be quite high above the ground. Hereby, in some situations the stability of the tractor is impaired to the extent that the tractor may turn over. A situation like this is for instance incurred when the loader of the tractor is heavily loaded and simultaneously an abrupt turn to one side is executed with the tractor. Even an unloaded tractor may topple in an abrupt turn if the terrain is rough. The stability problem is very serious in a body-steered tractor or working machine having a steering joint with vertical axis for OMPI moving the different parts of the tractor body with reference to each other. When a swivelling motion is induced about this joint, the axles attached to the parts of the body turn with them and in this way the tractor can be steered in the lateral direction. However, for moving over uneven terrain, a swivelling axle with horizontal axis has also been provided in the tractor, enabling the tractor's axles to twist with reference to each other, con¬ forming to the configuration of the terrain. However, the swivelling axle renders the tractor exceedingly unstable in lateral direction. Large-sized work implements such as loaders may, when turned to one side, quite easily overturn a tractor of this kind. In prior attempts to solve the above-mentioned tractor stability problem, for instance, the swivelling joint is not kept locked during normal driving in the terrain, and only when lifting a heavy load the .swivelling axle is braced to be unturnable. However, such use of the tractor is inconvenient, and the driver is required to exercise great attentiveness so that he might always remember to carry out the required bracing measures. This procedure is still no quarantee that the tractor will never topple, because even an unloaded tractor may overturn in uneven terrain. The object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentioned and to provide a means which is substantially better usable than any means known in prior art, for improving the stability of a tractor or working machine. The means is character¬ ized in that in the frame of the tractor has been established a bracing member which counteracts the rotation of the swivelling joint when the tractor wheels are in a position turned to one side, to the purpose of steering. According to an advantageous embodiment, the means has been attached to a body-steered tractor, in the body of which a joint with vertical axis for steering the tractor has been incorporated, in such manner that the different parts of the body and the axles thereto attached turn with reference to each other. As taught by the invention, a bracing member established in the frame of the tractor counteracts the rotation about the swivelling joint when the steering joint is in a sidewise turned position for steering the tractor. According to another advantageous embodiment, the means has been attached to a body-steered tractor in which the swivelling joint which allows twisting of the tractor wheels with reference to each other is a rocking joint which joins the rocking axle of the tractor wheels to the body of the tractor, and said tractor being provided with a work implement protruding from the body, such as a loader or an excavator, mounted on that end of the tractor which carries the rocking axle. As taught by the invention, the means improving the stability of the tractor is a supporting member which resists the turning of the rocking axle when the steering joint of. the body is in a position turned to one side. As taught by one more advantageous embodiment, the supporting member improving the stability of the tractor comprises, disposed between the tractor body and the rocking axle, at least one hydraulic bracing cylinder which is hydraulically connected in parallel with the hydraulic lifting cylinder of the loader, where¬ by the operating force of the hydraulic cylinder resisting the turning of the rocking axis is directly proportional to the lifting fource of the lifting cylinder of the loader. . The invention is described in the following by the aid of an example, referring to the drawings attached, wherein Fig. 1 presents schematically the state of equilibrium of a body-steered tractor. Fig. 2 corresponds to the state of equilibrium depicted in Fig. 1 when the body-steered tractor has been provided with the means of the invention. Fig. 3 presents in front view the rocking axle of the body-steered tractor, whereto bracing cylinders according to the invention have OMPI - WIPO ,* _y been connected. Fig. 4 shows the hydraulic circuit diagram of the means of the invention. In Fig. 1, a body-steered tractor 1 is presented schematically in top view. The parts 2 and 3 of the body of the tractor have been connected to each other by a steering joint 4 with vertical axis. When the different parts 2 and 3 of the body are turned at the steering joint, also the axles 5 and 6 of the tractor turn with reference to each other, thus enabling the tractor to be steered. Owing to uneven terrain, the axles 5 and 6 must however also swivel with reference to each other about a swivelling joint with hori¬ zontal axis. There are several alternatives in the placement of this joint in the body of the tractor. In Fig. 1, the turning of the axles 5 and 6 with reference to each other has been so arranged that the axle 5 has been shaped to be a rocking axle. The rocking joint 7 then constitutes the required swivelling joint. In addition, on each end of the tractor of Fig. 1 have been attached work im- plements, of which the means 23 located in the body part 2 adjacent to the rocking axle 5 is for instance a loader, and the means 24 located in the other body part 3 1s for instance an excavator. In the position depicted in Fig. 1, in which the body parts 2 and 3 have swivelled around the steering joint 1 with reference to one another, an unfavourable situation is created as regards the equilibrium of the tractor. The load carried by the loader 23 is so strongly offset to one side of the tractor that a moment tending to overturn the tractor is produced. The figure reveals that the points of support preventing toppling, on the side of the load 23, are the rocking joint 7 and the closest wheel 8 on the opposite body part 3. The distance a of the load 23 from the straight line b passing through these points of support is directly proportional to the moment tending to overturn the tractor. The moment arm a has a considerable magnitude in this instance, and if the load 23 is also great the tractor will be sure to overturn. In Fig. 2, the tractor of Fig. 1 is shown schematically in a similar situation, though with the difference that the rocking joint 7 has been braced against the body 2. The straight line b passing through the points of support now shifts to pass through the wheels 8 and 9. Furthermore, the load 23 moves to the other side of said line b, whereby no moment arm tending to overturn the tractor is produced, and consequently no moment toppling the tractor. In Fig. 3 is depicted one body part 2 of the body-steered tractor 1 and the rocking axle 5 connected thereto by the rocking joint 7, in end view. Locking the rocking axle in place is accomplished with bracing members 10 and 11, which are hydraulic cylinders 12 and 14. As taught by the invention, the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 14 are so controlled that the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is always conducted to the hydraulic cylinder on the side in the direction of which the tractor has been turned by the steering joint, that is, in the direction in which the tractor or working machine tends to overturn. In Fig. 4 is shown the circuit diagram of the hydraulic system of the means of the invention. In this embodiment, the bracing members 10 and 11 of the invention are hydraulic cylinders 12 and 14 which have been attached to the body 2 of the tractor, as shown in Fig. 3. The pistons 13 and 15 of the hydraulic cylinders have been connected to the rocking axle 5. Pressurized hydraulic fluid to said cylinders 14 and 15 is obtained from the hydraulic circuit of the loader. The hydraulic fluid supplied by the pump 16 is conducted through the loader-controlling valve 17 by hydraulic tubing 18 to the lifting cylinders 19 and 20. From the same tube 18, the hydraulic fluid is carried by the tube 21 to a valve 22 controlled by the steering joint 4. This valve has been arranged to act in such manner that when the body parts 2 and 3 rotate with reference to each other around the steering joint 4, the valve 22 directs the fluid flow to one or the other bracing cylinder 12 or 14, depending on in which direction the tractor has been turned. The diagram in Fig. 1 shows that the pressurized hydraulic fluid must always be conducted to the bracing cylinder on that side on which the load Hereby, the bracing cylinder counteracts the tendency of the load- side end of the rocking axle to move upwards, thereby preventing the tractor from overturning. The hydraulic circuit diagram of Fig. 4 shows that the lifting cylinders 19 and 20 and the bracing cylinders 12 and 14 have been connected in parallel, whereby, when the pressure increases in the lifting cylinder, it also similarly increases in the bracing cylinder. This has the consequence that the greater the load that is lifted by means of the lifting cylinders, the higher is the force by which the bracing cylinder counteracts the turning of the rocking axle about the rocking joint. Therefore, the operation of the bracing cylinders will be automatically controlled in accordance with the degree of loading of the loader's lifting cylinders. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that different embodi¬ ments of the invention may vary within the scope of the claims presented below. For instance, the supporting arrangement of the invention may also be applied when a rotational joint disposed in the body instead of a rocking axle is concerned. Similarly, the system may be used if the working machine is not body-steered and, instead, the work implement is swivellable with reference to the body. Instead of two single-action bracing cylinders, one double-acting hydraulic cylinder may of course be used. Instead of a plurality of bracing cylinders coming into action as the steering angle increases, it is also possible to apply a system in which the pressure of the hydraulic fluid entering the hydraulic cylinder is controlled as a function of the steering angle. OMPI .- /-]/ ■ - WI__P.O»_» ,_ * ^J

Claims: Claims 1. Means for improving the stability of a tractor (1) or other working machine in which to the body structure (2) or in con¬ junction with an axle (5) of the wheels (9) has been connected a swivelling joint (7) provided with horizontal axis and which 5 permits twisting of the tractor wheel axles (5,6) with reference to each other when driving over uneven terrain, and said tractor being provided with a work implement (23) protruding from the body, such as a loader and/or an excavator, which when loaded produces a moment tending to overturn tractor when the tractor wheels are 10 in a position turned to one side, for steering, characterized in that in the body (2) of the tractor (1) a bracing member (10,11) has been provided which counteracts the turning of the swivelling joint (7) when the tractor wheels (9) are in a position turned to one side, to the purpose of steering. 15 2. Means according to claim 1 in a body-steered tractor (1), in * the body of which a steering joint (4) with vertical axis has been disposed for such steering of the tractor that the different parts (2,3) of the body and the axles (5,6) connected thereto are turn- 20 able with reference to each other, characterized in that a bracing member (10,11) established in the body of the tractor (1) resists the rotation about the swivelling joint (7) when the steering joint (4) is in a position turned to one side, to the purpose of steering the tractor. 25 3. Means according to claim 2 in a body-steered tractor (1) in which the swivelling joint (7) allowing rotation of the axles (5,6) of the tractor wheels (9) with reference to each other is a rocking joint which connects the rocking axle (5) of the tractor wheels to 0 the body (2) of the tractor, and said tractor carrying a work implement (23) protruding from the body, such as a loader or an excavator, placed on the end of the tractor where the rocking axle is located, characterized in that the means improving the stability of the tractor (1) and preventing it from turning over is a bracing 5 member (10,11) which counteracts the rotation of the rocking axle when the steering joint (4) of the body is in a position turned to one side. 4. Means according to claim 3 in a body-steered tractor (1) to which has been connected a hydraulically operated loader (23) on that end of the tractor where the rocking axle (5) is located, caharacterized in that the bracing member (10,11) improving the stability of the tractor comprises at least one hydraulic bracing cylinder (12,14) interposed between the body (2) of the tractor and the rocking axle (5) and which cylinder is hydraulically connected in parallel with the hydraulic lifting cylinder (19,20) of the loader (23) , whereby the operating force of the hydraulic cylinder resisting the rotation of the rocking axle is directly proportional to the lifting force of the loader. 5. Means according to claim 4, characterized in that to the rocking axle (5) are connected two hydraulic bracing cylinders (12,14) one on each side of the rocking joint (7), and said bracing cylinders being connected hydraulically in parallel wit the lifting cylinder (19,20) of the loader (23) over an interposed distributing valve (22) controlled by the steering joint (4) and which controls the operation of the bracing cylinders so that only one of the two bracing cylinders at a time is active and counteracts the elevation of the end of the rocking axle on that side in the direction of which the tractor (1) has been turned with the steering joint. 6. Means according to claim 4, characterized in that on both sides of the rocking joint (7) of the rocking axle (5) have been disposed two or more bracing cylinders (12,14) coming into action stepwise, controlled by a distributing valve (22) governed by the body steering joint (4), as the angle through which the steering joint is turned increases.

Inventors: BERGIUS RAUNO, KEMPPI MATTI, RAUTJAERVI RISTO, TOIVOLA ALPO, BERGIUS, RAUNO, KEMPPI, MATTI, RAUTJAERVI, RISTO, TOIVOLA, ALPO
Applicants: VALMET OY
Application year: 1984
Main classification: B60G9
IPC codes: B60G9, B60G17, B62D49