Method for production of non-woven fabric

Abstract: In a method for fibre entangling of a fibrous web by subjecting said web to a treatment by high velocity water jets (24-28) on support members, said support members com­ prise a water-pervious support member (13) and water-­ impervious support members (14, 20-23) arranged in contact with the lower surface of said water-pervious support member. Said water-pervious support member may be a porous screen or a plurality of belts spaced from one another transversely of the fibrous web. Said water-impervious support members may be members each having a flat or circular surface on which the web is supported are em­ ployed. Preferably, these support members are arranged in a preliminary treatment station for the fibrous web.

Description: The present invention relates to a method for production of non-woven fabric by high velocity water jet treatment and, more particularly, to a method for production of non-woven fabric having substantially no openings by subjecting a fibrous web to treatment by high velocity water jets directed from nozzle means onto said fibrous web supported by support means. As methods for the production of non-woven fabrics in which individual fibres are held entangled by high velocity water jet treatment, there have already been proposed a method in which a water-pervious support member comprising a porous screen (net) is employed as the support means serving to support the fibrous web during the treatment and a method in which a roller, a curved plate, or the like is employed as a water-impervious support member. The former is described, for example, in US-A-3,449,809 and US-A-3,485,706 and the latter is described, for example, in US-A-4,172,172. In the method employing the water-pervious or porous support member, the water jets directed onto the fibrous web pass through the support means and are effectively drained. So far as such feature is concerned, no disturbance to the texture of the fibrous web occurs and the treatment is achieved with a satisfactory stability. However, fibres are liable to become entwined with pores of the support means so that the texture of the fibrous web is sometimes disturbed when peeled from said support means. The water streams passing through the fibrous web and then the support means still have a considerable pressure, but such residual pressure is not sufficiently utilized as energy for the fibre entangling treatment. Such inconvenience becomes more serious as the basic weight of the fibrous web decreases. Accordingly, it is impossible to obtain a product having a desirable strength with good texture. Neither improvement of productivity nor reduction of production cost can be expected and the fibre entangling treatment requires extremely high pressure water jets, necessarily resulting in economically disadvantageous production equipment of a large scale. In the method utilizing the water-impervious or non-porous support member, on the other hand, the water streams directed onto the fibrous web pass through said web and rebound on the surface of the support means and these rebounding streams act again upon said web so far as the drainage is effectively achieved, so that the fibre entangling is efficiently accomplished under the interaction of the water jets and the rebound streams. In consequence, this method is free from the disadvantages of said method utilizing the water-pervious support means. However, this method is inevitably accompanied by the problem of drainage, since the water streams cannot pass through the support means. If the drainage is insufficient, the high velocity water jets act upon the fibres floating in water staying on the support means and the energy of these high velocity water jets is rapidly absorbed by such water staying on the support means so that such water jets cannot achieve effective fibre entangling treatment. Furthermore, the texture of the fibrous web is disturbed and the stability of treatment is reduced. Thus, it is impossible to obtain a product of excellent properties, such as good texture and desired strength. There has already been disclosed in GB-A-2085493 an improved method for production of non-woven fabric by which, with respect to such method utilizing the water-impervious support means, a problem of drainage is effectively solved and thereby non-woven fabric of excellent properties can be mass-produced at a reasonable cost. In GB-A-2085493, there is a series of transverse support means arranged at intervals in the direction in which the fibrous web travels, and a supply of high velocity water streams to the respective support means is regulated to be less than a predetermined amount and the preliminary treatment is achieved by the support means comprising a water-impervious endless belt. In this method, it is essential to arrange the support means at intervals to solve the problem of drainage, and it is preferred to minimize the web supporting surfaces of the respective supporting means to obtain the optimum effect of said drainage. However, the smaller the web supporting surfaces, the lower the stability with which the fibrous web can be supported by these supporting surfaces. Furthermore, the texture of the fibrous web would be disturbed unless the fibrous web were to travel from the support means to the support means with a high stability during the treatment. Such inconvenience becomes serious in production of non-woven fabric having a relatively low basic weight, for example, of 30 g/m² or less, particularly during the initial treatment step. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for production of non-woven fabric which eliminates disadvantages of both the prior art methods utilizing only the water-pervious support means and utilizing only the water-impervious support means and maintains the advantages of the respective methods of the prior art while having the advantages which cannot be obtained by these well known methods. More particularly, an object of the present invention is to obtain non-woven fabric of excellent properties by a combination of a water-pervious support means and a water-impervious support means having a web supporting surface which is relatively small so as to improve the drainage effect on these support means as well as to improve the stability with which the fibrous web is supported and transported on this web supporting surface so that no disturbance of texture occurs even during the fibre entangling treatment of a fibrous web having a basic weight as low as 15 to 100 g/m². GB-A-2114173, published on 17 August 1983, describes a method similar to that of GB-A-2085493 but the last of the series of support means defines a relief pattern which becomes embossed in the fibrous web by virtue of the high velocity water jets. Such relief pattern may be defined by cord-like members entrained over several impervious rollers or a mesh-like member on the surface of a single roller. According to the present invention, a method for production of non-woven fabric wherein a fibrous web is subjected to fibre entangling treatment at each of several treatment stations, by means of high velocity water jets directed against the fibrous web, and wherein, at the first of the treatment stations, the fibrous web is introduced onto a water-impervious support means and is subjected to a fibre entangling treatment under high velocity water jets supplied through orifices of nozzle means arranged at predetermined pitches transversely of the fibrous web, said water jets being directed against the surface of said fibrous web supported by said support means, is characterized in that said support means at the first treatment station comprises a water-pervious support member with the water-impervious support member underlying said water-pervious support member and maintained in contact therewith and said treatment is performed at a position at which both these support members are in contact with each other, the length over which the water-pervious support member and the water-impervious support member are in contact with one another longitudinally of the fibrous web being less than 50mm. As said water-pervious support means, a porous screen or a plurality of non-porous or porous belts arranged at suitable intervals transversely of the fibrous web may be employed and, as said water-impervious support means, a member having a web supporting surface which is flat or circularly convex may be used. The invention is further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig.1 is a schematic side view showing an apparatus for carrying out the present invention; Fig.2 is a schematic perspective view partially cut away showing a station for preliminary treatment of fibrous web; Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F are schematic diagrams illustrating by way of example the water-pervious support member and the associated drainage arrangement; Fig.4 is a schematic perspective view partially cut away showing another embodiment of the water-pervious support member; and Fig.5 is an enlarged perspective view showing a circle-enclosed portion in Fig.4. Referring to Fig.1, in the preliminary treatment station 12, an endless porous screen (net) 13 (see Fig.2) serving as a water-pervious support member travels around on rotatable rollers 15, 16, 17, 18 so as to be kept in contact with a top surface of a rotatable roller 14 serving as a water-impervious support member. In a treatment station 19 proper following said preliminary treatment station 12, rotatable rollers 20, 21, 22, 23 each having a diameter of 50 to 300 mm and serving as a water-impervious support members are spaced from one another and spaced from said station 12. Nozzle means 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 are arranged above said support members 14, 20, 21, 22, 23 respectively in association with them and each of these nozzle means is provided in its bottom surface with a plurality of orifices transversely arranged and open towards a fibrous web 11. These nozzle means are connected via regulating valves 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and pressure gauges 34, 35, 36 37, 38, respectively, to a distributor manifold 39. The distributor tank 39 is connected by a pipe 40 to a filter 41, which is, in turn, connected to a pressure pump 43 driven by an electromotor 42. The pressure pump 43 is connected via a pipe 44 to a supply tank 45. There are provided upstream of the preliminary treatment station 12 a pair of nip rollers 46a, 46b adapted to press the fibrous web 11 and another pair of nip rollers 47a, 47b are arranged downstream of the treatment station 19 proper to squeeze water out of the fibrous web 11. A collector tank 48 is placed in a region extending under the stations 12, 19 and the nip rollers 47 and said collector tank 48 is connected through a pipe 49, a filter box 50 and a pipe 51 to the supply tank 45. In this arrangement, an amount of water contained in the supply tank 45 is pressurized by the pressure pump 43, filtered by the filter 41 and then supplied to the distributor manifold 39 which distributes, in turn, this pressurized water to the respective nozzle means 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. Thus the respective nozzle means provide through the respective orifices, which are 0.05 to 0.2 mm in diameter and arranged at a pitch of 0.5 to 10 mm, water jets 66 each at a desired jet pressure, e.g., a nozzle back pressure of 7 to 35 kg/cm² towards the fibrous web 11 with a basic weight of 15 to 100 g/m² travelling on the support members 14, 20, 21, 22, 23. In such manner the fibrous web 11 introduced from the nip rollers 46a, 46b into the treatment station 12 is preliminarily subjected to a fibre entangling treatment on the support members 13, 14. This preliminary treatment imparts to the fibrous web 11 a sufficient strength for the fibrous web 11 not to be subject to any disturbance or damage of texture even under the high velocity water jets 66 from the nozzle means 25, 26, 27, 28 during travel on the support members 20, 21, 22, 23 in the treatment station 19. The fibrous web 11 thus preliminarily treated to some extent is introduced onto the support members 20, 21, 22, 23 in the treatment station 19 proper and subjected to a progressive and final fibre entangling treatment by the high velocity water jets 66 projected from the nozzle means 25, 26, 27, 28. Then the fibrous web 11 is squeezed between the pair of nip rollers 47a, 47b and thereby a substantial amount of water contained therein is expected, whereafter the web 11 is transferred to a subsequent drying station (not shown). Excess water drained at the treatment stations 12, 19 and the nip rollers 47a, 47b is collected into the collector tank 48 underlying these components, then filtered through the filter box 50 and thereafter circulated back to the supply tank 45. It should be noted that the fibrous web 11 can be more stably introduced into the preliminary treatment station 12 and the fibre entangling treatment can be more efficiently achieved when a water spray device is provided adjacent and above the nip rollers 46a, 46b so that the fibrous web 11 may be wet-nipped by said rollers or such device is replaced by a porous screen, a suction box underlying said screen and a device above said suction box to supply water in the form of a film so that the fibrous web 11 is covered with a water film. The support member 14 may be, for example, a prismatic member having a flat surface on which the web is supported or a square or trapezoidal cross-section as shown by Figs. 3A and 3B, or a roller or a convexly curved member having a circular surface on which the web is supported as shown by Figs. 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F. In the case of said prismatic support member 14, the trapezoidal cross-section as shown by Fig.3B is preferable particularly for improvement of drainage. The length over which the water-pervious support member 13 and the water-impervious support member 14 are in contact with each other longitudinally of the fibrous web is preferably less than 50 mm, more preferably less than 10 mm and the minimum thereof substantially corresponds to at least an extent over which the high speed water jets strike the fibrous web 11. If said length were 50 mm or longer, the drainage effect would be unacceptably reduced and if said length were substantially smaller than the width of the water jets themselves said water jets might not be effectively utilized and these water jets would freely pass through the fibrous web 11, resulting in that fibres would become entwined around the meshes of the screen which will be described later more in detail, too firmly for easily peeling the fibrous web 11 off from said screen. The support member 14 having a web supporting surface in a circular shape preferably has a curvature radius of 7.0 cm or higher. The porous screen 13 should have a sufficient width to support the fibrous web 11 and the mesh thereof should be preferably 40 or finer more and further preferably 50 or finer. With a mesh less than 40, openings would be formed in the fibrous web 11 and the latter would be readily entwined about the meshes, resulting in a disturbed texture of the final product. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length over which the support members 13, 14 are in contact with each other longitudinally of the fibrous web 11 is appropriately adjusted so that an effective drainage is achieved during treatment of the fibrous web 11. For further improvement of the drainage effect, the support member 14 is preferably provided with means adapted for a forcible drainage. As such means, there may be employed suction boxes 52, 53, 54, 55 surrounding the support member 14 as seen in Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, rotatable rollers 56, 57 adapted to be brought in contact with the rotatable support member 14 to achieve a desired drainage as seen in Fig.3E, or a doctor blade 56 adapted to be brought in contact with the rotatable support member 14 to achieve a drainage effect as seen in Fig.3F. Figs. 4 and 5 show another embodiment of the present invention in which the water-pervious support member 13 comprising said wide porous screen provided in the treatment station 12 as shown by Figs. 1 and 2 is replaced by a water-pervious support member 59 comprising a plurality of narrower non-porous belts 59a. The respective belts 59a are entwined about rotatable plain rollers 60, 61 and another group of rotatable rollers 63, 64, 65 each having circumferential grooves 62 axially spaced from one another. The respective belts 59a forming together the water-pervious support member 59 are, however, individually non-porous. As an assembly, the support member 59 functions as the water-pervious support member having gaps between the respective component belts 59a. Accordingly, such support member 59 is referred to herein as the water-pervious support member. Each belt 59a preferably has a width less than 20 mm, and further preferably less than 10 mm. With the respective belts 59 having a width of 20 mm or more, water stays on tops of the respective belts 59a and then is drained somewhat transversely of the fibrous web 11, resulting in that fibres of the web 11 are also moved transversely of the fibrous web 11, and thereby disturbs the texture. The acceptable minimum width of each belt 59a is preferably 1 mm, although such minimum width is necessarily restricted to maintain desired properties of the respective belts 59a themselves such as bending stress and resistance to wear with respect to the water jets. An interval at which each pair of adjacent belts 59a are arranged is preferably in a range from said width dimension (1 mm) to 100 mm. With this interval or spacing less than such range, the drainage effect is disadvantageously reduced. With the interval larger than said range, a distorsion of the fibrous web 11 increases and prevents the fibrous web 11 from being stably transported so that the texture may be readily disturbed. Furthermore, in this case, the fibrous web 11 would be caught under the respective belts 59a and become difficult to peel off from the belts 59a, which would result also in a disturbance of the texture. A level difference between the top of each belt 59a and the support member 14 or a projecting height of each belt 59a with respect to the support member 14 is preferably less than 1.0 mm. If such level difference were to be exceeded, the fibrous web 11 would be transversely stretched under influence of this level difference and fibre distribution would become uneven. This would cause a disturbance of the texture and uneven strength. Said belts 59a may be replaced by porous flat belts each having a suitable width and, in this case, the aforementioned requirement should be met as when said porous screen 13 and belts 59a are employed. The support members 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 59 may be of any material so far as their surfaces have a desired hardness higher than 50° according to the prescription of JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard ) - K6301 Hs. If the hardness were to be lower than 50°, the fibre entangling treatment of the fibrous web 11 could not be effectively achieved. Material for the fibrous web 11 may be selected from all kinds of material which have usually been used as material for non-woven and woven fabrics and the configuration of web may be random or parallel. The fibrous web 11 is preferably of a basic weight from 15 to 100 g/m². If the basic weight were to be less than 15 g/m², unevenness would occur in the fibrous web 11 and no product of substantially homogeneous and good texture could be obtained. With the basic weight higher than 100 g/m², the water-impervious support members would not provide a satisfactory function. The pressure of the high velocity water jet and, more strictly to say, the back pressure of the nozzle should be in a range from 7 to 35 kg/cm² and, more preferably, in a range from 15 to 30 kg/cm². A pressure exceeding 35 kg/cm² would increase movement of individual fibres within the fibrous web 11, thereby disturbing the web texture and causing uneven fibre entanglement. A pressure lower than 7 kg/cm² would make it impossible to obtain a final product of excellent properties even if the lower ends of the respective nozzle means 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 are brought close to the fibrous web 11 or the treatment is carried out for a longer time. The product obtained according to the present invention has substantially no openings and an embossing roll may be employed as the downstreammost support member 23 to obtain a product having a correspondingly embossed pattern on its surface. The fibre entangling treatment by using a combination of the water-pervious support member 13 or 59 and the water-impervious support member 14 has been described hereinabove as being carried out in the preliminary treatment station 12, but such treatment of this combination may be performed in the proper treatment station 19 also, if necessary, and is not limited to the treatment station 12. Working effect: As aforementioned, the fibrous web is supported by a combination at least of the water-pervious support member offering good drainage and the water-impervious support member and said fibrous web is treated on the top surfaces of these support members in accordance with the present invention. This feature permits a fibrous web of low basic weight which otherwise would be susceptible to a texture disturbance due to drained water of the high velocity water jets particularly in the preliminary treatment station and during transport to be treated without such texture disturbance. Moreover, the present invention permits the fibre entangling treatment to be efficiently achieved even under the high velocity water jets of relatively low pressure and thereby makes it possible to mass-produce products of good texture and desired strength at a low cost. Thus the present invention not only overcomes all the disadvantages of the well known method in which the water-pervious support member and the water-impervious support member are separately used to support the fibrous web but also maintains all the advantages of such well known method and provides novel advantages which can never obtained from the well known method. The present invention thus largely contributes to improvement of the method for production of non-woven fabric. Example 1: This Example illustrates a fact that a combination of the porous support member (porous screen) and the non-porous support member (prismatic member) is important in the preliminary treatment station to obtain non-woven fabrics of a low basic weight and of good texture and desired strength. A mixture of 1.4 d X 44 mm polyester fibres and 1.5 d X 44 mm rayon fibres at a ratio of 50/50 was processed by a carding roll of random type to obtain webs of 40 g/m² and 20 g/m², respectively. These webs were treated only in the preliminary treatment station as shown by Fig.1 and then left to be dried to obtain samples. A wide 50 mesh brass screen was used as the porous support member in the preliminary treatment station. As the non-porous support member, a prismatic member having a flat supporting surface of 1 mm wide and provided with suction box as shown by Fig.3A was employed. The nozzle means were provided with the orifices arranged at a pitch of 1 mm and each having a diameter of 100 µm, and the back pressure was 30 kg/cm² (29.4 bar). As controls, the similar materials were treated only on said mesh screen having no suction box and only on the wide non-porous belt replacing said screen, respectively, then left to be dried to obtain control samples. The remaining conditions were the same as imposed by this Example. Properties of said samples were as shown in Table 1. Sample No. Support member Suction B.W. (g/m²) Strength (g/25cm) Texture Note 1 Mesh Screen Prismatic member Present 41.5 850 Good 2 ditto Present 19.2 280 Good 3 Mesh screen Absent 30.2 320 Fairly good Many fibres twined on mesh 4 ditto Absent 15.7 110 Rather poor ditto 5 Non-porous belt Absent 40.2 1100 Fairly good 6 ditto Absent 21.2 150 Poor (N.B.) Texture was visually evaluated. Example 2 This Example illustrates how important it is that the porous support member (porous screen) be combined with the non-porous support member (Prismatic member) to obtain non-woven fabric of a low basic weight and of good texture and desired strength. As the fibrous web, a parallel web having a low basic weight of 20 g/m² consisting of 1.5 d X 51 mm rayon fibres was used. After treatment in the apparatus as shown in Fig.1, this fibrous web was left to be dried to obtain samples. In the preliminary treatment station, a 30 mesh flat screen of brass was employed as the porous support member and a prismatic member having a flat supporting surface as shown in Fig. 3B was employed as the non-porous support member. In association with five-staged support members, nozzle means each having orifices of 130 µm in diameter and arranged at a pitch of 1 mm were used. Back pressure of the nozzle means was 30 kg/cm² (29.4 bar). The extent of the web support afforded by the support members in the preliminary treatment station and properties of said samples was as shown in Table 2. Sample No. Support member B.W. (g/m²) Strength kg/2.5 cm. Texture Screen mesh Support extent of prismatic member (mm) 1 30 3 20.5 1.5 Mesh impression and openings 2 50 1 20.3 2.5 Good 3 50 3 19.8 3.2 Good 4 50 50 19.2 2.1 Good 5 50 70 - - Non-woven fabric was not obtained due to drain-disturbed texture. 6 100 3 21.5 2.7 Good 7 100 50 19.5 2.4 Good Example 3: This Example illustrates how important it is to employ the non-porous support member having a web supporting surface of circular convex shape to obtain non-woven fabric of a low basic weight and of good texture and desired strength. A web of 1.5 d X 44 mm acryl fibres formed by random carding by means of an air spray into that having a basic weight of 25 g/m². After treated by the apparatus as shown by Fig.1, this web was left to be dried to obtain samples. In the preliminary treatment station, a 70 mesh flat screen of polyester filaments was used as the porous support member and a rotatable roller as shown by Fig.3C was used as the non-porous support member. As nozzle means, those each having orifices 85 µm in diameter and arranged at a pitch of 0.5 mm were employed in the preliminary treatment station and those each having orifices 110 µm in diameter and arranged at a pitch of 1 mm were employed in the treatment station proper. All the nozzle means had a back pressure of 30 kg/cm² (29.4 bar). Diameters of the support members in the preliminary treatment station and properties of said samples were as shown in Table 3. Sample No. Support member diameter (mm) B.W. g/m² Strength (kg/25cm) Texture 1 25 23.5 2.1 Good 2 25 24.2 2.0 Good 3 75 26.8 2.1 Good 4 200 24.3 1.8 Drainage caused a certain degree of disturbance. 5 300 - - Drainage caused significant disturbance and prevented non-woven fabric from being formed. Example 4: This Example illustrates how meaningful it is to employ the porous support member comprising a plurality of non-porous belts in the preliminary treatment station to obtain non-woven fabric of a low basic weight and of good texture and desired strength. A mixture of 1.4 d X 44 mm polyester fibres and 1.5 d X 44 mm rayon fibres at a ratio of 50/50 was processed through the carding roll of random type into a web having a basic weight of 25 g/m². After treatment in the apparatus as shown by Fig. 1, this web was left to be dried to obtain samples. An endless belt of stainless steel wire which had been silver soldered was used as the endless belts in the preliminary treatment station. The nozzle means each had orifices 100 µm in diameter and arranged at a pitch of 1 mm. The nozzle means had a back pressure of 30 kg/cm² (29.4 bar). Level difference between the top of the porous support member comprising a plurality of said non-porous belts and the top of the non-porous support member, spacings with which said non-porous belts were arranged, and properties of said samples were as shown in Table 4. Sample No. Level dif. (mm) Width (mm) Spacing (mm) B.W. (g/m²) Strength (g/cm) Texture 1 0.2 0.2 10 24.6 34.2 Good 2 0.2 0.2 50 25.2 38.5 Good 3 0.2 0.2 100 23.2 36.3 Fairly good 4 0.2 0.2 125 - - Poor 5 0.5 0.5 50 25.1 34.8 Good 6 0.7 0.7 50 21.0 28.0 Poor 7 0.5 10 50 24.8 35.6 Good 8 0.5 20 50 23.9 32.8 Rather poor 9 0.5 30 50 - - Poor

Claims: A method for the production of non-woven fabric wherein a fibrous web (11) is subjected to fibre entangling treatment at each of several treatment stations (12, 19), by means of high velocity water jets (66) directed against the fibrous web (11), and wherein, at the first (12) of the treatment stations (12, 19), the fibrous web (11) is introduced onto a water-impervious support means (13, 14) and is subjected to a fibre entangling treatment under high velocity water jets (66) supplied through orifices of nozzle means (24, 25, 26, 27, 28) arranged at predetermined pitches transversely of the fibrous web (11), said water jets (66) being directed against the surface of said fibrous web (11) supported by said support means (13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23), characterized in that said support means (13, 14) at the first treatment station (12) comprises a water-pervious support member (13) with a water-impervious support member (14) underlying said water-pervious support member (13) and maintained in contact therewith and said treatment is performed at a position at which both these support members (13, 14) are in contact with each other, the length over which the water-pervious support member (13) and the water-impervious support member (14) are in contact with each other longitudinally of the fibrous web (11) being less than 50 mm. A method for the production of non-woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the water-pervious support member (13) comprises a porous screen of 40 or finer meshes. A method for the production of non-woven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the water-pervious support member (13) comprises a plurality of belts (59a), each 20 mm or smaller width, arranged at spacing of, from a dimension corresponding to a width of the individual belt to 100 mm, transversely of the water-impervious support member (14) and projecting above a plane defined by a web-supporting surface of said water-impervious support member by a height less than 1 mm. A method for the production of non-woven fabric according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the web supporting surface of the water-impervious support member (14) is flat. A method for the production of non-woven fabric according to claims 1 to 4, wherein the web-supporting surface of the water-impervious support member (14) is circularly convex. A method for the production of non-woven fabric according to any preceding claim, wherein the fibrous web (11) has a basic weight of 15 to 100 g/m². A method for the production of non-woven fabric according to any preceding claim, wherein the nozzle means (24, 25, 26, 27, 28) has a back pressure of 7 to 35 kg/cm².

Inventors: IMAI SHIGEO, KOBAYASHI TOSHIO, SUZUKI MIGAKU, IMAI, SHIGEO, KOBAYASHI, TOSHIO, SUZUKI, MIGAKU
Applicants: UNI CHARM CORP, UNI-CHARM CORPORATION
Application year: 1984
Main classification: D04H1
IPC codes: D04H1