COUPLING

Abstract: A quick connect/disconnect coupling for carrying fluid under pressure includes a latch mechanism (L, O, N) requiring two independent movements in two different directions for releasing same. The coupling includes improved seals (92, 140, 160, 180) at various locations along with a slide bearing (127), and improved support fins (G, K) for internal valves. The coupling is keyed in a plurality of different mating pairs of body and stem assemblies so that the stem assemblies having different keys cannot be mated together.

Description: COUPLING Background of the Invention This application relates to the art of couplings and, more particularly, to quick connect/disconnect couplings. Although the invention is particularly applicable to couplings of the type described and will be explained with particular reference thereto, it will be appreciated that certain features of the invention have broader aspects and may be used with other fittings or fluid containing devices such as control valves, check valves, unions, pipe or tube connectors, or the like. Conventional quick connect/disconnect couplings have latch oechanisos which are so easy to release that accidental or unintentional release may occur. It has been found desirable to construct a latch mechanism which requires a conscious effort to release and is protected against accidental release. Conventional couplings of the type described are also subject to slight leakage when they are uncoupled or to entrainment of air when they are coupled. Likewise, the various seals and packings are subject to blowout and leakage. It would be desirable, therefore, to provide a coupling with improved seals and packings, and which would be arranged for minimizing any leakage or air entrainment when the coupling is connected and disconnected. Summary of the Invention A quick connect/disconnect coupling including latch means for releaseably latching together body and stem coupling members or assemblies. The latch means includes operating means in the form of an operating sleeve movable between latch holding and latch releasing positions. Stop means carried by the operating sleeve cooperates with abutment means for blocking movement of the operating sleeve to its releasing position until the stop means itself is moved to an unblocking position clear of the abutment means. In one arrangement, the stop means takes the form of a small button movable transversely of the longitudinal axis of the coupling. Thus, the button must be held in for clearing the abutment while the operating sleeve simultaneously moves longitudinally to its latch releasing position. The abutment means may take the form of an abutment sleeve within which the operating sleeve is closely received, and a spring acting between the abutment and operating sleeves normally biases the operating sleeve to its latch holding position. The latch members comprise metal stampings having first end portions attached to the body assembly for swinging movement of the opposite end portions toward and away from the coupling longitudinal axis. The other end portions of the latches have inwardly extending latch hooks and outwardly extending projections. The latch hooks are receivable in a circumferential groove in the stem assembly for latching the stem assembly to the body assembly. In the latched position of the latch members, the latch projections bear against the inner surface of the operating sleeve. Upon oove β ent of the operating sleeve to the latch releasing position, the latch projections are cammed outwardly into a recess in the operating sleeve formed by an outwardly extending circumferential bead. This recess has a cam surface which also cooperates with the latch projections for camming same back to a latched position when a coupling is again connected. The abutment sleeve also has an outwardly extending circumferential bead and the button is located between the beads for protecting same against accidental operation. Further, the abutment and operating sleeves have outer end portions which are reversely curved inwardly for stiffening purposes. The body coupling member or assembly includes a body part having a slide part longitudinally slidable thereon. The body and slide parts respectively have closely facing outer and inner cooperating cylindrical surfaces. The body part has an inner end spaced radially inward from the inner surface of the slide part and a taper surface extends from such body part end to the outer surface thereof. The taper surface includes a slow taper surface extending from the body part inner end toward the outer surface thereof and merging into a fast taper surface adjacent the intersection thereof with the body part outer surface. The taper surface on the body part is spaced from the inner surface of the slide to define a receiving space for a packing, and the fast taper surface is disposed adjacent the apex of such receiving space. A backup ring is disposed in the receiving space adjacent the apex thereof and a packing ring is also located in the receiving space outwardly of the backup ring. Biasing means normally biases the packing ring and backup ring further into the packing receiving space. Both the backup ring and the packing ring are of a deformable material, with the backup ring being harder and less deformable than the packing ring. In one arrangement, a cup-like packing gland is closely received within the body part, and has an inwardly extending flange inside of the body part and an outwardly extending flange outside of the body part. The outwardly extending flange engages the packing and the biasing means in the form of a coil spring acts between the slide and the inner flange of the gland. Such arrangement causes the slide to normally be biased in a direction off of the body part while simultaneously biasing the packing into the packing receiving space. The slide is movable longitudinally in one direction further onto the body when a coupling is being connected and is movable longitudinally in an opposite direction off of the body when a coupling is being disconnected. During connection of a coupling, transverse forces tend to cause the slide to interfere with the body and inhibit movement of the slide in the one direction. Therefore, the outer terminal end portion of the slide includes an inner circumferential bearing recess and an outer circumferential retainer groove. The recess includes a recess slow taper surface which opposes the outer cylindrical surface of the body part and the slope is outwardly away from the body part longitudinal axis when proceeding longitudinally in the one direction which is also away from the body valve. A bearing ring has a generally L-shaped cross-sectional shape including a generally axial leg received in the bearing recess and a generally radial leg extending outwardly at the outer terminal end of the slide. The outer surface of the bearing ring axial leg generally corresponds with the slope of the recess slow taper surface. A bearing ring retainer includes an axial cylindrical portion having inwardly extending detents loosely received in the retainer groove and an inwardly extending retainer flange overlying the radial leg of the bearing ring outwardly thereof. Relatively loose reception of the bearing retainer detents in the retainer groove allows limited axial movement of the retainer ring and this also allows some axial movement of the bearing ring. The internal diameter of the axial leg on the bearing ring is preferably slightly smaller than the external diameter of the body part. During movement of the slide in the one direction, the axial leg of the bearing ring is forced into the slide recess, and cooperation between the inner slow taper surface on the slide recess and corresponding outer taper surface on the axial leg of the bearing ring cause the axial leg to contract generally radially into firm bearing engagement with the outer surface of the body part. Thus, the slide rides on a bearing ring having a very low coefficient of friction instead of riding directly on the outer surface of the body part when the coupling assemblies are being connected. During movement of the slide in an opposite direction while uncoupling the parts, the bearing ring is not cammed radially inwardly into engagement with the outer surface of the body part for providing free separation when transverse forces are minimal. The body assembly includes an internal body valve having a seal engagable by a valve seat on the slide for closing the slide and body against fluid flow therethrough. The body valve seal has sloping or tapered surface areas on both the internal and external surfaces thereof for creating a mechanical advantage which increases the compressive stress on high points or irregularities. One end and a peripheral end portion of the body valve seal is surrounded by a metal retainer for resisting blowout of the seal. On the opposite side of the seal from the metal retainer, a positive metal stop surface is provided for engagement with a OMPI cooperating surface on the slide. The cooperating stop surfaces prevent extrusion of the seal. The body valve is essentially supported within the body by an elongated member and the elongated member is, in turn, centrally held within the body by fins. Fluid flow must take place past the fins around the elongated member. Thus, it is desirable to have such fins be as thin as possible while having sufficient strength to resist longitudinal shearing and compressive forces. In accordance with the present invention, the fins are in the form of a pair of fin members each having a generally M-shaped configuration in an end view. Each fin member includes outer legs connected by a somewhat U-shaped portion having a central curved portion. The central curved portion is spaced from the terminal ends of the outer legs and is curved outwardly away therefrom. A pair of fin members are reversely positioned with the outer leg ends engaging one another and with the curved portions facing one another on the periphery of a common circle. A section of the body valve elongated member is located between the curved portions of the fins. The stem assembly includes a ste member having a poppet movable therein between closed and open positions. The poppet has an external circumferential seal with sloping or tapered surfaces on both the external and internal periphery thereof. The poppet seal is engageable with a seat on the stem member. One end of the poppet and a peripheral end portion of the poppet seal are surrounded by a metal retainer for preventing blowout of the poppet seal. One side of the metal retainer serves as a positive metal stop for cooperation with a corresponding stop on the stem member to prevent extrusion of the poppet seal. The poppet includes a poppet shaft extending axially rearward therefrom to a central opening in a guide oeober. This guide member includes a plurality of circuoferentially-spaced spokes extending outwardly from a central portion having the poppet shaft receiving opening therethrough and having an axially extending circular boss. A coil spring has one end closely received over the circular boss on the guide member and the opposite end engaging the poppet for normally biasing the poppet to its closed position. When a body and stem assembly are connected, the stem member moves beneath the operating sleeve into engagement with the slide for longitudinally moving same away from the body valve. Longitudinal movement of the body and stem assemblies toward one another also causes the body valve to enter one end of the stem member and engage the poppet for moving same to its open position. Once the latch hooks are received in the external circumferential groove formed in the stem member, the components are connected together. A plurality of pairs of keyed body and stem assemblies are arranged so that body assemblies and stem assemblies having different keys cannot be connected with one another. This is accomplished by varying the internal diameter of the operating sleeve, the external diaαeter of the stem αeober, the external diameter of the body valve, and the internal diameter of the open steα member end. Assemblies having different keys will not mate due to interference either between a stem meαber and operating sleeve or between a body valve and an open end of a stem member. The principal advantage of the present invention is the provision of an improved quick connect/disconnect coupling. Another advantage of the invention is the provision of a quick connect/disconnect coupling having an improved latch mechanism. Another advantage of the invention is the provision of a quick connect/disconnect coupling having a latch mechanism which requires movements in two different directions for obtaining a released condition. An additional advantage of the present invention resides in providing an improved fluid coupling having improved seals. Still another advantage of the invention is found in the provision of a coupling having an improved bearing arrangement between a body and a longitudinally movable slide. A further advantage of the invention resides in an improved arrangement for biasing a packing into a packing receiving space. Still a further advantage of the present invention is found in improved arrangements for supporting a body valve and a stem poppet respectively within a body assembly and a steα assembly. Yet another advantage of the invention is in providing an improved keying arrangement for insuring that only mating pairs of body and stem assemblies can be cooperatively joined. Still other advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading and understanding of the following detailed description. Brief Description of the Drawings The invention may take form in certain parts and arrangements of parts, a preferred embodiment of which will be described in detail in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and wherein: FIGURE 1 is a side cross-sectional elevational view showing the coupling of the present invention about to be connected or just after it has been disconnected; FIGURE 2 is a view similar to FIGURE 1 showing the coupling in its connected configuration; FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the body assembly only of FIGURES 1 and 2; FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the stem assembly only of FIGURES 1 and 2; FIGURE 5 is a top plan view of an operating sleeve used in the latch mechanism; FIGURE 6 is a top plan view of a stop button; FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along lines 7-7 of FIGURE 6; FIGURE 8 is an end view of a spring used in association with the stop button of FIGURES 6 and 7; FIGURE 9 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along lines 9-9 of FIGURE 8; FIGURE 10 is a top plan view taken generally on-line 10-10 of FIGURE 8; FIGURE 11 is an enlarged partial side elevational view in cross-section showing a packing receiving space; FIGURE 12 shows the axial cross-sectional conformation of a packing ring; FIGURE 13 shows the axial cross-sectional conformation of a backup ring; FIGURE 14 is an enlarged, partial cross-sectional elevationai view showing a slide bearing between the valve body part and the slide; FIGURE 15 shows the axial cross-sectional conformation of a seal ring used between a body and stem; FIGURE 16 is an end view showing fin αembers used to support a body valve bolt; FIGURE 17 is a top plan view taken generally along lines 17-17 of FIGURE 16; FIGURE 18 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along lines 18-18 of FIGURE 17; FIGURE 19 is an end view showing a guide member for a poppet; FIGURE 20 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along lines 20-20 of FIGURE 19; FIGURE 21 is a partial cross-sectional view similar to FIGURE 1 showing the various component diameters which are modified to provide keyed mating pairs of body and steα assemblies; and, FIGURE 22 is a table showing examples of various diameters in FIGURE 21 which provide keyed αating pairs of body and stem assemblies. Description of A Preferred Embodiment Referring now to the drawings wherein the showings are for purposes of illustrating preferred embodiments of the invention only and not for purposes of liαiting same, FIGURE 1 shows a αating pair of body and steα coupling αeαbers or assemblies A and B, respectively, in a position about to be connected upon movement axially toward one another. Body assembly A includes a body part or member C having a slide part D axially slidable thereon. Slide part D is normally biased to the right in FIGURE 1 into engagement with a body valve E by means of a coil spring 12. Body valve E is attached to an elongated member or bolt F and held centrally within the body part C by support fins G. Steα assembly B includes a stem part or member H having a poppet I disposed therein. Poppet I is normally biased to the left in FIGURE 1 into engagement with a seat adjacent an open end of the stem by means of a coil spring 14. Spring 14 surrounds a guide shaft or bolt J extending through an opening in a guide member K against which spring 14 also acts. When a mated pair of body and stem assemblies A,B are to be coupled, they are positioned as shown in FIGURE 1. It will be noted that the outer end portion of steα member H engages the outer end portion of slide part D and, upon movement of assemblies A,B toward one another, slide part D retracts to the left in FIGURE 1 out of engagement with body valve E. At the same time, body valve E enters the open end of stem member H and engages poppet I to move same away from its seat, i.e., to the right in FIGURE 1. Once the assemblies are connected, the parts are arranged as generally shown in FIGURE 2 and fluid flow can take place through the connected assemblies. Body part C is internally threaded as generally indicated at 16 for connection to another fluid conduit. Other interconnecting means could also be advantageously employed, however. An external circumferential groove 18 in the body part C loosely receives inwardly extending first end portions 20 of a plurality of latch members L. These latch members preferably comprise metal stampings, and have an arcuate conformation in an end view. The opposite end portions of latch members L include inwardly extending latch hooks 22 and outwardly extending latch projections 24. A generally cylindrical abutment sleeve is positioned over body part C and has an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly as generally indicated at 28. Reversely curved end portion 28 has an axially extending portion overlying axially extending portions of first end portions 20 of latch members L to loosely hold same within groove 18 for allowing swinging movement of the latch meαbers opposite end portions toward and away from coupling longitudinal axis 30. A snap ring 32 received in a suitable external circumferential groove in body part C retains abutment sleeve M in position. Abutment sleeve M includes an outwardly extending circumferential - 12- bead 34 for stiffening same against a deformation, and also includes a terαinal end 36. Operating means in the form of a generally cylindrical sleeve N surrounds latch members L and has an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly as generally indicated at 40. An outwardly extending circumferential bead 42 provides an inner circumferential recess 44 having a gradual slope to provide a cam surface for cooperation with latch projections 24. In the outward released position of latch αeαbers L as shown in FIGURE 1, latch projections 24 are received in recess of 44. This relationship also acts to retain operating sleeve N against complete displacement to the right from body assembly A. A coil spring 46 is positioned between the reversely curved outer end portion of abutment sleeve M and the inner terminal end of operating sleeve N for normally biasing operating sleeve N away from abutment sleeve M. A generally rectangular opening 48 in operating sleeve N receives stop means in the form of stop button 0 having a downwardly depending leg 50 freely received through a slot 52 spaced slightly from rectangular opening 48. A generally circular leaf spring P has an upper flat projection 54 received in the recessed underside of button 0 and normally biases the stop button upwardly in the view of FIGURE 1. Stop button 0 has a leading edge 55 with a slow slope to prevent accidental cocking of the button when contacted by an external object having relative movement generally toward abutment sleeve M. Stop button 0 also has an inner end 56 engageable with abutαent sleeve inner end 36 to prevent further movement of operating sleeve N within abutment sleeve M to the left in FIGURE 1 until stop button 0 is depressed for allowing button inner end 56 to pass beneath end 36 of the abutment sleeve. The inner end portion of operating sleeve N is closely received and guided within abutment sleeve M. Stem assembly B includes cooperating coupling αeans on stem member H in the form of a circumferential groove 60 for receiving latch hooks 22. With the components positioned as shown in FIGURE 1, movement of body part C and steα member H toward one another causes slide D to retract to the left. At the same time, latch hooks 22 ride along the outer surface of slide D and an outer surface portion 62 of steα αeαber H until latch hooks 22 reach groove 60. At this point, latch αembers L swing inwardly for reception of latch hooks 22 within groove 60. Spring 46 disposed between abutment sleeve M and operating sleeve N, biases operating sleeve N to the right in FIGURE 1. This causes the cam surface portion of recess 44 to cooperate with latch projections 24 for urging latch hooks 22 into groove 60. This also releases operating sleeve N for movement to the right from the latch releasing position of FIGURE 1 to the latch holding position of FIGURE 2. In the latch holding position, the outer ends of latch projections 24 engage the inner cylindrical surface of operating sleeve N at a location spaced from recess 44 on the opposite side thereof from reversely curved outer end portion 40. Also, the outer end of reversely curved end portion 40 engages an abutment 64 on stem member H for holding operating sleeve N against further movement to the right in FIGURE 2. When latch hooks 22 are received in a latching condition in groove 60, the latch members are positioned substantially 360° around the groove. This relationship enhances the connected relationship between body and stem coupling members A,B. With the components connected as shown in FIGURE 2, such connection requires αoveαent of operating sleeve N to the left until latch projections 24 are generally aligned with recess 44. However, axial movemen of operating sleeve N to the left in FIGURE 2 is prevented because terminal end 56 of stop button 0 engages terminal end 36 of the abutment means defined by abutment sleeve M. In order to free operating sleeve N for αoveαent to its releasing position, it is necessary to depress stop button 0 and hold saαe depressed while operating sleeve N is urged axially to the left so that stop button terαinal end 56 will pass beneath abutment terαinal end 36 as shown in FIGURE 1. Thus, the latch means requires independent movements in two different directions for moving same to a releasing position. The movement of button 0 is generally toward and away from coupling longitudinal axis 30 with the motion being generally pivotal about button projection 50 in slot 52. Once recess 44 is generally aligned with latch projections 24, the biasing action of spring 12 urging slide D to the right is also urging stem member H to the right. The cooperating cam surfaces between latch hooks 22 and groove 60 cause the end portions of latch members L to be cammed generally radially outward for reception of latch projections 24 in recess 44. It will be noted that stop button 0 is located between outwardly extending circumferential beads 34,42. Preferably, the button does not project above a plane tangent to the outer surfaces of both beads 34 and 42. Thus, button 0 is protected by the beads against accidental movement to its unblocking position from its norαal blocking position where movement of operating sleeve N to its latch releasing position is prevented. Outwardly extending circumferential bead 42 on operating sleeve N also perforus the function of providing an abutαent against which a person's thuαb and fingers may act to αove operating sleeve N to the left against the biasing force of spring 46. FIGURE 5 simply shows the rectangular opening 48 and slot 52 in operating sleeve N with more particularity. FIGURES 6 and 7 show the stop means defined by stop button 0. It will be recognized that stop button 0 is transversely curved to the general curvature of operating sleeve N. The underside of stop button 0 is recessed. An outwardly extending flange 70 extends outwardly from the button underside along abutment end 56 thereof and partly along the opposite sides thereof toward projection 50. The flanges along the sides of button 0 terminate sufficiently short of the end having downwardly extending projection 50 for allowing the button to be positioned within and without operating sleeve N. When in the uncocked blocking position as shown in FIGURE 2 to block movement of operating sleeve N into abutment sleeve M, flange 70 abuts and approximately conforms to the inner contour of operating sleeve N partially around the rectangular opening 48 while projection 50 extends downwardly through slot 52. To αove to the cocked position shown in FIGURE 1 to allow terminal end 56 to partially enter abutment sleeve M, the button pivots on the portion of operating sleeve N between rectangular opening 48 and slot 52. Terminal end 56 is within a plane either perpendicular to axis 30 or sloping from the outer periphery of button 0 in a direction both radially inward and axially outward from terαinal end 36 of abutment sleeve M. This is to prevent a camming force which would work to depress and cock the button when sleeve N is moved into sleeve M. As shown in FIGURES 8-10, button spring P coαprises a generally flat leaf spring curved into a generally circular conformation having freely overlapping terminal end portions 72,74 for allowing spring contraction and expansion. The top portion of ^3 OMPI the spring opposite from the overlapping ends has a generally rectangular cut-out 76 therein and an upwardly raised projection 54. The outer corners of projection 54 are relieved as generally indicated at 80 to generally correspond with the curved corners of button 0 adjacent projection 50. Spring projection 54 is curved to the general transverse contour of stop button 0 and is sized for reception in the recessed underside of the button. Thus, spring P holds stop button 0 in a position normally projecting upwardly through rectangular opening 48 with a button flange 70 engaging the inner surface of operating sleeve N. Depressing stop button 0 may cause spring P to contract by further overlapping movement of terminal end portions 72,74 and by deformation of spring projection 54. Inner body part C and outer slide part D include closely facing cooperating outer and inner cylindrical surfaces 81,82, respectively (FIGURE 2). Body part C has an inner terαinal end 84 spaced radially inward from outer surface 81 thereof. A taper surface extends from inner terminal end 84 to inner surface 81. As best shown in FIGURE 11, this taper surface includes a slow taper surface 86 inclined to coupling longitudinal axis 30 at a small angle and merging into a fast taper surface 88 adjacent the intersection thereof with outer surface 81. In general, slow taper surface 86 is more parallel to axis 30 than perpendicular thereto, while fast taper surface 88 is more perpendicular to axis 30 than parallel thereto. The taper surface cooperates with a portion of inner surface 82 on slide D to define a packing receiving space and fast taper surface 88 is located adjacent the apex of this space. A backup ring 90 and a packing ring 92 are positioned in the packing receiving space with backup ring 90 being located adjacent fast taper surface 88. Figure 13 shows a backup ring 90 having a cylindrical outer surface 94 generally corresponding to inner cylindrical surface 82 of slide D and an inner surface 96 inclined at substantially the same taper as slow taper surface 86. Backup ring 90 includes opposite parallel ends 98, 100 extending perpendicular to outer surface 94, with outer surface 94 αerging into end surfaces 98, 100 with smoothly curved convex corners. All of the seals and packings used in the preferred embodiment here under discussion are preferably constructed of virgin polytetrafluoroethlyene ("TFE"). Backup ring 90 preferably comprises polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) filled TFE or some other fairly hard yet pliable material so as to render the backup ring expandable yet relatively non-de ormable compared to packing ring 92. Both TFE and PPS provide excellent coαpatibility with an extremely wide range of chemicals. Seals and backup rings of these materials have been found to be longer lasting and more resistant to failure than conventional rubber or other elastomeric seals. However, it will be appreciated that other materials also could be employed satisfactorily to accommodate various environments or coupling applications. As shown in FIGURE 12, packing ring 92 has a generally cylindrical outer surface 104 and an inner cylindrical inner surface portion 106. Parallel opposite ends 108,110 extend perpendicular to outer and inner surfaces 104,106. Approximately one-half of the axial width of inner surface 106 has a taper surface 112 thereon for cooperation with slow taper surface 86. The slow taper provides a mechanical advantage which allows packing ring 92 to deform and conform to irregularities on the surfaces of the various components. This αechanical advantage and resulting deformation enables •18- TFE, which is a relatively hard sealing material, to provide a gas tight seal while subjected to relatively low packing loads. The thickness and axial width of packing ring 92 are also such that packing ring end 110 is spaced axially a substantial distance outwardly beyond body part end 84. With particular reference to FIGURE 3, a generally cylindrical cup-like packing gland R is closely slidably received within hollow body part C. Gland R has an axially inward extending reversely curved flange 116 inside of body part C and a radially outward extending flange 118 disposed axially outward from inner terminal end 84 thereof for engaging terminal end 110 (FIGURE 12) of packing ring 92. Slide D has an inner inwardly extending portion 120 against which a spring eyelet- 122 is positioned. The biasing means defined by coil spring 12 has one end received over eyelet 122 and the opposite end bearing against inwardly extending reversely curved flange 116. The reverse curve of flange 116 beneath the end coil of spring 12 combines with the alignment function of spring eyelet 122 to contain spring 12 against unseating forces froα moving fluids. Spring 12 defines a slide biasing αeans for normally biasing slide D in one direction off or away from body part C, and also defines a packing biasing means for urging packing 92 and backup ring 90 to the left in FIGURES 1 and 2 tightly into the packing receiving space. When the coupling is internally pressurized, the pressure force acts on packing ring 92 to force such packing and backup ring 90 further into the packing receiving space. The taper surface 86 imparts radially outward motion to the packing ring for causing such ring to be pressed firmly into the inner surface of the slide. The slow taper surface 86 provides a mechanical advantage which amplifies the compressive stresses on high points and irregularities in the packing at points where they contact the slide or body. Backup ring 90 prevents extrusion of the packing ring into the interface between the outer surface 81 of the body and the inner surface 82 of the slide. Axial movement of the packing ring causes it to contact the backup ring and forces same to move axially. The slow taper surface 86 causes the axially moving backup ring to move radially outward to firmly engage the inner surface 82 of the slide for preventing the packing from extruding past the backup ring. The fast taper surface 88 reduces the tendency for axial movement of the backup ring. This combines with the less deformable or harder material composition of the backup ring to minimize the tendency of the backup ring to extrude between the body and slide. As shown in FIGURE 14, the outer end portion of slide D has an internal circum erential recess with a sloping wall 126 in outwardly spaced opposing relationship to body part outer surface 81. Recess sloping wall 126 slopes outwardly away from axis 30 at a slow taper when proceeding from right-to-left in FIGURE 14, and this is also the one direction in which slide D moves when the two body and stem coupling assemblies A,B are being connected. A TFE bearing ring 127 has a generally L-shaped cross-sectional configuration including a larger axial leg 128 received in the internal slide recess and a radial leg 129 extending outwardiy along slide terminal end 130. Axial leg 128 has a generally cylindrical inner surface with a diaαeter slightly less than the external diameter of external cylindrical surface 81 on body part C. Axial leg 128 has an external surface with a slow taper generally corresponding to the taper on recess sloping surface 126. A caα surface 131 connects the outer surface of radial leg 129 with the inner surface of axial leg 128, and aids initial assembly as well as wiping action during connection of the coupling assemblies. Slide D has an external circumferential groove 132 spaced a short distance axially from terminal end 130 thereof and is of generally rectangular cross-sectional shape. Retaining means for preventing complete displacement of the bearing ring from the recess while allowing limited axial movement thereof relative to the slide comprises a metal retainer ring including an inwardly extending flange 133 overlying bearing ring radial leg 129. The axial spacing between flange 133 and slide terminal end 130 is substantially greater than the axial thickness of bearing ring radial leg 129. A retainer ring cylindrical portion 134 is closely received over that portion of slide D extending between terminal end 130 and groove 132, and which portion has an external diaαeter smaller than the remainder of slide D by approximately two times the radial thickness of retainer ring cylindrical portion 134. A plurality of circumferentially-spaced inwardly extending barbs or detents 135 are punched and bent from cylindrical portion 134 and slope inwardly toward axis 30 at a slow taper from right-to-left in FIGURE 14. The axial distance between the terminal end of cylindrical portion 134 and the terminal end of detents 135 is substantially less than the axial width of groove 132. In other words, there is a loose fit so that the retainer ring can uove back-and-forth axially. When the retainer ring is being assembled, detents 135 will bend outwardly until they snap back into groove 132. Engagement between the terminal end of cylindrical portion 134 and one side of groove 132, and between the terminal ends of detents 135 and the opposite side of groove 132, define the limits of axial uovement for the retainer ring. During movement of slide D in the one direction to connect the coupling, which is movement of slide D from right-to-left in FIGURE 14, cooperation between the tapering surfaces of the slide recess and the bearing ring axial leg causes axial leg 128 to contract generally radially into firm engagement with body part external surface 81. Thus, during connecting movement, slide D rides on bearing ring 127 having a very low coefficient of friction instead of riding on another metal surface. This is significant in that substantially all of the major coupling components are preferably of stainless steel and galling is a particular problem associated with such material. The firα engagement of bearing ring axial leg 128 with external surface 81 of body part C also performs a thorough wiping action. When slide D is thereafter moved in the opposite direction, i.e., to the right or uncoupling direction in FIGURE 14, bearing ring 127 is free for limited movement to the left so it does not compressively engage body part C with great force and allows free separation of the parts when lateral forces are minimal. Inwardly extending portion 120 of slide D terminates in an axially extending projection 136 having an external circumferentia.1 groove 138 (FIGURE 3) receiving a TFE seal ring 140. Slide D is part of body assembly A and may be considered a body part. The terminal end portion of slide D having groove 138 therein oay be considered a body terminal end portion having a terminal end 141. Groove 138 has a groove bottoα and axially-spaced groove sidewalls, including one groove sidewall closest to terminal end 141 and an opposite groove sidewall further therefrom. The groove bottoα slopes outwardly away froα axis 30 at a small angle in a direction from the one groove sidewall toward the opposite groove sidewall. As best shown in FIGURE 15, seal 140 has an inner surface 142 sloping at a shallow angle from axis 30 and an outer cylindrical portion 144. Parallel opposite ends 146,148 extend perpendicular to cylindrical surface 144. Approximately one-half of the width of seal 140 adjacent end 148 has an external sloping surface 150 sloping downwardly toward inner surface 142 at a shallow angle from axis. 30. The bottom of cylindrical groove 138 is shaped to generally correspond with seal inner surface 142, while an inner surface portion 152 of stem member H is shaped to generally correspond with external surfaces 144,150 by having stem member cylindrical and sloping surfaces 153,155 (FIGURE 4). The diameter ' of inner cylindrical surface 82 on slide D is substantially greater than the largest external diameter of seal 140. As a result, a pressure force differential will exist when the coupling is pressurized to normally bias slide D to the right in FIGURE 2, and to more firmly engage and compress seal 140 between slide D and stem member H. A stem seal backup ring 156 is positioned between the left end of TFE seal 140 and the left end of groove 138 and, besides preventing extrusion of seal 140, it has the same or similar properties and material composition as packing backup ring 90. Body valve E includes an external recess closely receiving a seal 160, with the surface of the recess corresponding in size and shape with the inner surface of the seal. Seal 160 has both external and internal surfaces which are sloped outwardly away from axis 30 in a direction proceeding away from slide D. This enhances the sealing action and allows the seal to conform with irregularities. An outer sloping surface 162 on seal 160 corresponds with a valve seat 164 on the interior of slide D adjacent the open end. Body valve E also includes a sloping stop surface 166 spaced axially and radially from seal 160 for cooperation with a corresponding sloping stop surface 168 adjacent the open end of slide D. This cooperation between the stop surfaces 166, 168 prevents damage or extrusion to seal 160 under high pressures. One end and an outer peripherial portion of seal 160 are surrounded by a metal retainer ring 170 for preventing blowout of seal 160 under high fluid pressure conditions. Metal retainer ring 170 is retained in position by a suitable snap ring 172 positioned in a suitable circum erential groove in body valve E. Body valve stop surface 166 is located on the opposite side of seal 160 from metal retainer ring 170 and stop surface 166 is located axially further away from slide D than retainer ring 170. Poppet I includes an external recess shaped for closely receiving a poppet seal 180 having internal and external surfaces which are tapered outwardly from axis 30 in a direction away from the open end of stem member H. These internal and external tapering surfaces enable the seal to conform with irregularities on the mating surfaces. Seal 180 also has an outer sloping surface 182 for cooperation with a corresponding valve seat 184 adjacent the open inner end of stem member H. A tapering stop surface 189 on a metal retainer ring 187 is cooperative with a corresponding tapered stop surface 188 adjacent the open inner end of stem member H. Under normal circumstances, stop surfaces 189,188 will not engage one another, but will do so to prevent extreme deformation or extrusion of seal 180 under extremely high pressures. Retainer ring 187 surrounds an end and a peripheral portion of seal 180 to prevent seal blowout and is retained in position by a snap ring 190 received in a suitable groove in poppet I. Stop surface 189 and retainer ring 187 are located at the same end of OMPI \ seal 180, and retainer ring 187 is located axially closer to the open inner end of stem member H than is the portion of poppet I on the opposite side of seal 180 from retainer ring 187. Bolt or elongated member F is secured to body valve E in a known manner and includes a pair of axially-spaced projections 202,204 between which a circumferential groove 206 is defined. Support fins G include a pair of fin members shown in detail in FIGURES 16-18. Each fin member is generally M-shaped in end view and includes a pair of main legs 208 connected by a generally U-shaped portion having a central curved portion 210 which is spaced froα the terminal ends and is curved outwardly away therefrom. As best shown in FIGURES 17 and 18, curved central portion 210 is axially offset froα main legs 208. When a pair of fin members are reversely positioned with the terminal ends of main legs 208 thereof engaging one another as shown in FIGURE 16, the inner facing surfaces of curved central portions 210 lie on the periphery of a common circle having a diameter approximately the same as the diameter of the bottoα of bolt groove 206. In addition, the distance between the opposite axial ends of curved central portion 210 is approxioately the same as the distance between the inner facing surfaces of projections 202,204. When a pair of fin members are reversely positioned in cooperative relationship around a bolt F as shown in FIGURE 3, one end of legs 208 engages a circumferential shoulder 212 in the bore of body part C. A snap ring 214 received in a suitable circumferential groove retains support fins G in the desired position. As shown in FIGURE 3, curved central portions 210 are axially offset from legs 208 in a direction away froα body valve E. The shape and position of the fin αembers allows oaximum flow through the bore of body part C while providing maximum strength for holding body valve E in position and resisting both sheer and compressive forces. As shown in FIGURES 19 and 20, poppet guide αeαber K includes a plurality of radially extending circuoferentially spaced apart spokes 220 issuing from a central area 222. A central opening 224 extends through the central area and is surrounded by a circular raised boss 226. The outer terminal ends 228 of spokes 220 are curved to lie on the periphery of a common circle and the spokes are equidistantly spaced from one another. As shown in FIGURE 20, spokes 220 are inclined out of a flat plane in a direction opposite to the projecting direction of circular boss 226. As shown in FIGURE 4, poppet guide bolt J is surrounded by coil spring 14 and has a terminal end in the general shape of a truncated cone which abuts a corresponding conical bottom surface of a bore in poppet I.A shoulder 230 within a stem adapter 232 engages the outer end portions of spokes 220 on poppet guide . A small diaueter portion 234 of guide bolt J is closely received and slidably guided through hole 224. An enlarged portion of the guide bolt provides an abutment 236 for engaging the end of circular boss 226. One end of coil spring 14 is closely received over circular boss 226 and the other end thereof engages the back of an enlarged head on the terminal end portion of guide bolt J within the bore in poppet I for normally biasing the poppet to its closed position. The interior outer end portion of steα uember H is suitably threaded for cooperation with external threads on stem adapter 232, and the interior of stem adapter 232 is threaded as indicated at 240 for connection to another fitting on a conduit. Here, too, interconnecting means of types other than threads 240 could be advantageously employed. With reference to FIGURES 21 and 22, the external diameter portion of stem member H which is received within operating sleeve N is varied by adding cylindrical shims 246 of various thicknesses thereto. Thus, the external diameter S of stem member H may be selectively varied. The inner diameter of reversely curved portion 40 of operating sleeve N is varied by machining the portion to variable desired internal diameters T. The largest external diameter portion of body valve E is varied by machining it to variable diameters V. The diameter of the smallest internal diameter portion 250 at the open inner end of stem member H is similarly varied by machining it to variable diameters U. A plurality of pairs of mating body and stem assemblies are constructed and dimensioned such that the body assembly of one key will mate only with a stem assembly having the same key. Progressively larger keys have progressively larger external stem member diameters S, larger internal operating sleeve diameters T, larger body valve external diameters V, and larger stem open end internal diameters U. Thus, there is provided a coded system of couplings including a plurality of pairs of keyed mating body and steα assemblies A,B. Each body assembly includes an inner body valve E and an outer coupling sleeve defined by.operating sleeve N. Each steα asseαbly has a steα member H with an external diameter S and an open stem end through which body valve E is received. Mating body and stem assemblies are dimensioned for close reception of stem member H within sleeve N and for close reception of body valve E within inner stem member end 250. With this arrangement, body and stem assemblies having different keys will not mate or connect due to interference either between a stem member H and a coupling sleeve N or between a body valve E and a stem inner end 250. Examples of various diameters for a plurality of different keys is shown in FIGURE 22. A stem assembly will not couple with the body of a higher key because of interference between valve body E and internal opening 250. A body asseαbly having a higher key will always have a larger external diameter on body valve E than the corresponding internal diameter at open end 250 of a smaller key stem asseαbly. A body asseαbly will not mate or connect with a steα assembly of a higher key because of interference between the external diaαeter of steα αeαber H and the internal diaαeter of sleeve N. A steα asseαbly of a higher key will always have a larger external steα member diameter than the corresponding internal diameter of the sleeve on a smaller key body assembly. The invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. OMPI

Claims: Having thus described the invention, it is now claimed: 1. A quick connect/disconnect coupling coαprising: a pair of separate coupling members positionable together in cooperative relationship along a longitudinal axis; latch means for releasably latching said coupling members together and being movable between latched and unlatched positions; operating means movable to a releasing position for releasing said latch means for αoveαent froα said latched position to said unlatched position; and, stop means carried by said operating αeans for blocking movement of said operating means to said releasing position, said stop means being selectively movable to an unblocking position to free said operating means for movement to said releasing position. 2. The coupling as defined in claim 1 wherein said operating means is movable generally parallel to said longitudinal axis of said coupling members and said stop αeans is movable transversely of said axis. 3. The coupling as defined in claim 2 wherein said stop means is pivotal relative to said operating αeans. 4. The coupling as defined in claim 1 wherein said latch means and said operating means are both mounted on a common one of said coupling members. 5. The coupling as defined in claim 1 wherein said operating means comprises an operating sleeve reciprocable along said axis and said stop means comprises a button oovable transversely of said axis. 6. The coupling as defined in claim 5 including an abutment engageable by said button upon αoveαent of said sleeve toward said releasing position, said button being oovable to an unblocking position clearing said abutoent. 7. The coupling as defined in claim 1 wherein said latch means includes latch αeαbers movable toward said axis to a latched position and away from said axis to an unlatched position, said operating means including an operating sleeve reciprocable parallel to said axis and having an outwardly extending circumferential bead therein defining a circumferential recess on the interior of said operating sleeve, said latch members normally being held in said latched position by said operating sleeve and being movable into said recess to said unlatched position upon movement of said sleeve to said releasing position. 8. The coupling as defined in claim 1 wherein said operating means includes an operating sleeve having an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly and an inner end facing an abutment sleeve having an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly and an inner end externally overlapping said inner end of said operating sleeve, spring means internally of said abutment sleeve between said reversely curved end portion of said abutment sleeve and said inner end of said operating sleeve for biasing said operating sleeve away from said abutment sleeve, said operating sleeve being movable in a direction into said abutment sleeve to said releasing position, said stop means normally engaging said inner end of said abutment sleeve to prevent movement of said operating sleeve to said releasing position, and said stop αeans being oovable to said unblocking position for -£OREA at least partial passage into said abutment sleeve beneath said inner end of said abutment sleeve. 9. The coupling as defined in claim 8 including outwardly extending circumferential beads in said sleeves for strengthening same. 10. The coupling as defined in claim 9 wherein said stop means comprises a button carried by said operating sleeve between said beads, and said beads projecting outwardly of said sleeves a sufficient distance to protect said button against accidental αoveαent to said unblocking position. 11. The coupling as defined in claim 9 wherein said latch means includes latch members movable inwardly to a latched position and outwardly to an unlatched position, said bead in said operating sleeve defining an inner circumferential recess providing clearance for receiving at least portions of said latch members in said unlatched position thereof and having a cam surface for urging said latch members out of said recess to said latched position. 12. A quick connect/disconnect coupling including: a pair of separate coupling members positionable together in cooperative relationship along a longitudinal axis; latch means for releasably latching said coupling members together and being movable between latched and unlatched positions; operating means slidably oovable generally along said axis between releasing and holding positions for respectively providing and preventing movement of said latch means froα said latched position to said unlatched position; and, stop means for blocking said operating means against αovement to said releasing position and being movable in a direction transversely of said axis to an unblocking position to free said operating means for αoveαent to said releasing position. 13. The coupling as defined in claim 12 wherein said operating means includes cam means for camming said latch means to said latched position from said unlatched position upon movement of said operating means from said releasing position to said holding position. 14. The coupling as defined in claim 13 wherein said operating means comprises an operating sleeve having an outwardly extending circumferential bead therein defining an internal circumferential recess for receiving at least portions of said latch means in said releasing position of said operating sleeve, and said recess having a recess surface defining said cam means. 15. The coupling as defined in claim 12 wherein said stop means is carried by said operating means. 16. The coupling as defined in claim 15 wherein said stop means comprises a button carried by said operating means for pivotal movement toward and away from said axis. 17. The coupling as defined by claim 15 including abutment means engageable by said stop means for blocking movement of said operating means to said releasing position, and said stop means being movable to an unblocking position for clearing said abutment means. 18. A quick connect/disconnect coupling comprising: a pair of separate coupling members positionable together in cooperative relationship along a longitudinal axis; latch means for releasably latching said coupling αembers together and being movable between latched and unlatched positions; an operating sleeve slidably oovable along said axis outwardly of said latch αeans between releasing and holding positions for respectively providing and preventing movement of said latch αeans froα said latched position to said unlatched position; a stop button carried by said operating sleeve and being sovable generally toward and away froα said axis between blocking and unblocking positions; and, abutment αeans cooperatively engageable by said stop button in said blocking position thereof for blocking αoveαent of said operating sleeve to said releasing position, said stop button being movable to said unblocking position displaced from engagement with said abutment means for providing movement of said operating sleeve to said releasing position. 19. The coupling as defined in claim 18 wherein said abutment means comprises an abutment sleeve in which an inner end portion of said operating sleeve is slidably received, said abutment sleeve having an inner end engageable by said stop button in said blocking position thereof and said stop button in said unblocking position being at least partially slidable within said abutment sleeve past said inner end thereof. 20. The coupling as defined in claim 19 including yieldable spring means acting between said abutαent sleeve and operating sleeve for normally biasing said operating sleeve to said holding position. 21. The coupling as defined in claim 18 wherein said stop button is normally biased to said blocking position by stop button biasing means and requires a positive holding force for holding same in said unblocking position to enable movement of said operating sleeve to said releasing position. 22. A quick connect/disconnect coupling including: a pair of separate coupling members positionable together in cooperative relationship along a longitudinal axis; latch means for releasably latching said coupling members together and being movable between latched and unlatched positions; an operating sleeve slidably oovable along said axis between releasing and holding positions for respectively providing and preventing movement of said latch means to said unlatched position from said latched position; a smoothly curved outwardly extending circum erential bead in said operating sleeve for stiffening said sleeve circumferentially and for defining a circumferential recess on the inside of said sleeve for receiving at least portions of said latch means when said latch means is in said unlatched position and said sleeve is in said releasing position; and, said recess having a cam surface for camming said latch means to said latched position when said sleeve moves from said releasing position to said holding position. 23. The coupling as defined in claim 22 wherein said operating sleeve has an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly. 24. The coupling as defined in claim 22 including an abutment sleeve closely receiving an inner end portion of said operating sleeve and said abutment sleeve having an outwardly extending circumferential bead therein adjacent an inner end thereof. - 34- 25. The coupling as defined in claim 24 wherein said abutment sleeve has an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly, and a yieldable spring acting between said abutment sleeve and said operating sleeve for norαally biasing said operating sleeve to said holding position. 26. A quick connect/disconnect coupling including a pair of separate coupling members positionable together in cooperative relationship along a longitudinal axis, latch means for releasably latching said coupling members together and being movable between latched and unlatched positions, an operating sleeve slidably movable along said axis between releasing and holding positions for respectively providing and preventing movement of said latch means from said latched position to said unlatched position, and said operating sleeve having an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly. 27. The coupling as defined in claim 26 wherein said operating sleeve is disposed on one of said coupling members and yieldable biasing means normally bias said operating sleeve toward said holding position, the other of said coupling members having an external size for close reception within said outer end portion of said operating sleeve and having a shoulder engaging said outer end portion of said operating sleeve for placing said biasing means under compression when said coupling members are coupled with said latch means in said latched position. 28. The coupling as defined in claim 26 wherein said operating sleeve has an inner end and an abutment sleeve is included having an outer end portion reversely curved inwardly and having an inner end, said inner ends of said operating and abutment sleeves overlapping one another in close guiding relationship, and said biasing αeans acting between said sleeves for normally biasing said operating sleeve away froα said abutment sleeve. 29. The coupling as defined in claim 28 wherein said inner end of said operating sleeve is received within said abutment sleeve. 30. The coupling as defined in claim 29 wherein said sleeves have outwardly extending circumferential stiffening beads therein. 31. The coupling as defined in claim 30 including a stop button carried by said operating sleeve and located between said beads on said sleeves, said stop button having a normal outer blocking position for engaging said inner end of said abutment sleeve to prevent movement of said operating sleeve to said releasing position and an inner unblocking position for passage of said button at least partially within said abutment sleeve past said inner end of said abutαent sleeve for providing αovement of said operating sleeve to said releasing position. 32. The coupling as defined in claim 31 wherein said beads in said operating and abutment sleeves extend outwardly of said sleeves at opposite ends of said stop button a sufficient distance to αiniαize accidental movement of said stop button to said unblocking position. 33. A coupling αember for a quick connect/disconnect coupling comprising: a coupling body having a longitudinal axis, a plurality of latch members _ -36- having first and second opposite end portions, said first end portions of said latch members being attached to said body for swinging movement cf said second end portions of said latch members toward and away from said axis between an inner latched position and an outer unlatched position, said second end portions having inwardly extending latch hooks and outwardly extending latch projections thereon, operating means movable between latch holding and latch releasing positions for providing movement of said latch αembers between said latched and unlatched positions, said latch operating αeans in said holding position thereof being engageable with said latch projections for holding said latch αeαbers in said latched position, and said operating αeans in said releasing position thereof providing clearance for said latch projections for movement of said latch members to said unlatched position. 34. The coupling member as defined in claim 33 wherein said operating means comprises an operating sleeve having a circumferential bead therein defining a circumferential recess on the interior of said sleeve, said latch projections being received in said recess in said releasing position of said sleeve. 35. The coupling member as defined in claim 34 wherein said recess includes a cam surface for cooperation with said latch projections to cam said latch members toward said latched position during movement of said operating sleeve from said releasing position toward said holding position. 36. The coupling member as defined in claim 33 including an abutment sleeve having a reversely curved outer end portion extending inwardly thereof in close surrounding relationship to said first end portions of said latch members for attaching same to said body. 37. The coupling member as defined in claim 36 wherein said operating means comprises an operating sleeve having an inner end portion received in said abutαent sleeve, and a biasing spring acting between said sleeves for normally biasing said operating sleeve to said holding position. 38. The coupling member as defined in claim 33 wherein said latch members comprise metal stampings. 39. The coupling member as defined in claim 33 including a slide member reciprocable on said body in sealed relationship therewith inwardly of said latches and having an open outer end, a body valve supported by said body outwardly of said slide member adjacent said open outer end thereof, and slide biasing means for normally biasing said slide away from said body into engagement with said body valve for closing said open outer end of said slide member. 40. The coupling member as defined in claim 39 including a stem member engageable with said slide member at said open end thereof for moving said slide αeαber away froα said body valve, and said stem member having an external circumferential groove for receiving said latch hooks in said latched position of said latch αeαbers to latch said body and steα αembers together in coupled relationship with said slide displaced froα engageαent with said body valve. 41. The coupling member as defined in claim 33 wherein said operating means has clearance means for providing clearance for said latch projections in said releasing position of said operating means, stop means carried by said operating means on the opposite side of said latch projections from said clearance means for blocking movement of said operating means to said releasing position and being movable to an unblocking position for providing movement of said operating means to said releasing position, and said stop means having a stop means projection extending inwardly of said operating means on the opposite side of said latch projections from said clearance means for preventing αoveαent of said stop means past said latch projections. 42. A seal between cooperating inner and outer fluid coupling parts having a common longitudinal axis and respectively including closely facing outer and inner surfaces extending generally parallel to said axis, said inner part having a terminal inner end spaced radially inward from said outer surface thereof, said inner part including an external slow taper surface extending therealong from said terminal inner end in a direction outwardly toward said outer surface thereof to define a packing receiving space between said slow taper surface and a portion of said inner surface on said outer part, and a deformable packing ring shaped and sized for close reception in said packing receiving space and having inner and outer packing ring surface portions respectively shaped to generally correspond and cooperate with said slow taper surface and said inner surface of said outer part. 43. The seal as defined in claim 42 including biasing αeans for biasing said packing ring into said packing receiving space. O PI 44. The seal as defined in claim 42 including a cup-like packing gland partially received in said inner part at said inner end thereof, said gland having an inwardly extending flange inside of said inner part and an outwardly extending flange outside of said inner part, and spring means engaging said inwardly extending flange and biasing said gland in a direction for engaging said outwardly extending flange with said packing and urging same into said packing receiving space. 45. The seal as defined in claim 42 wherein said slow taper surface turns sharply outward adjacent the intersection thereof with said outer surface of said inner part to define an apex portion of said packing receiving space, and a backup ring separate from said packing ring positioned in said packing receiving space at said apex portion to prevent extrusion of said packing ring between said facing surfaces of said inner and outer parts at said apex portion. 46. The seal as defined in claim 45 wherein said backup ring is constructed of a less deformable material than said packing ring. 47. The seal as defined in claim 46 wherein said packing ring is comprised of TFE and said backup ring is comprised of TFE plus a harder filler material. 48. A seal between cooperating inner and outer fluid coupling parts having a common longitudinal axis and respectively including closely facing outer and inner surfaces extending generally parallel to said axis, said inner part having a terαinal inner end spaced radially inward froα said outer surface thereof and including an external taper surface extending therealong froα said terminal inner end in a direction outwardly toward said outer surface thereof to define a packing receiving space between said taper surface and a portion of said inner surface on said outer part, said taper surface including a slow taper surface portion extending froα said terαinal inner end toward said outer surface of said inner part and turning sharply outwardly at a short fast taper surface portion adjacent the intersection thereof with said outer surface of said inner part to define an apex portion of said packing receiving space, a deformable packing ring received in said packing receiving space, a deformable backup ring of harder material than said packing ring positioned in said packing receiving space at said apex portion thereof between said packing ring and said fast taper surface portion, and biasing means for biasing said packing ring into said packing receiving space. 49. The seal as defined in claim 48 wherein said packing ring has inner and outer surface portions respectively shaped to generally correspond and cooperate with said slow taper surface portion and said inner surface of said outer part, said packing ring extending axially beyond said terαinal inner end of said inner part in a direction away froα said inner part and terαinating at a packing ring end, and said biasing αeans being in engageαent with said packing ring end. 50. A seal between inner and outer fluid coupling parts respectively having closely facing cooperating outer and inner surfaces, said inner part having a teroinal inner end spaced radially inward froo said outer surface thereof and including an external taper surface extending therealong frou said inner end outwardly toward said outer surface thereof to define a packing receiving space, a packing ring received in said packin receiving space, a packing gland partially received in said inner part at said inner end thereof and having an inwardly extending flange inside of said inner part and an outwardly extending flange outside of said inner part, and biasing αeans acting on said inwardly extending flange for biasing said gland in a direction for engaging said outwardly extending flange with said packing and urging same into said packing receiving space. 51. The seal as defined in claim 50 wherein said biasing means comprises a coil spring having one end engaging said inwardly extending flange and an opposite end engaging said outer part. 52. The seal as defined in claim 50 wherein said gland is slidably guided for axial movement inside of said inner part. 53. The seal as defined in claim 50 wherein said inner and outer coupling parts respectively define a body and slide, said slide being axially movable in one direction further onto said body and in an opposite direction off froα said body, said biasing means also acting on said slide for normally biasing same in said opposite direction, and means for preventing complete displacement of said slide froα said body. 54. A bearing for enhancing axial sliding αoveαent between inner and outer parts respectively having closely facing cooperative outer and inner cylindrical surfaces and a common longitudinal axis, said parts being relatively movable axially in one -42- direction during which forces tend to engage said surfaces and cause resistance to movement therebetween, said parts being relatively movable axially in an opposite direction during which forces tending to engage said surfaces and cause resistance to movement therebetween are negligible, an internal circumferential recess in an outer end portion of said outer part, a bearing ring received in said recess and being of a material having a substantially lower coefficient of friction than said inner and outer parts, said bearing ring having a bearing ring inner surface engaging said outer surface of said inner part, and said recess having a sloping wall which generally opposes said outer surface of said inner parts and slopes relative to said longitudinal axis in a direction for contracting said bearing ring radially inwardly during relative axial oveαent between said inner and outer parts in said one direction. 55. The bearing as defined in claim 54 wherein said inner and outer parts move together during relative axial movement therebetween in said one direction and move apart during relative axial αovement therebetween in said opposite direction. 56. The bearing as defined in claim 54 including a retainer ring overlying said bearing ring, an external circumferential groove in said outer part and detents on said retainer ring received in said groove for retaining said retainer ring and said bearing ring in operative position. 57. A fluid coupling member including body and slide parts respectively having closely facing cooperative outer and inner cylindrical surfaces and a -^LTRE I coααon longitudinal axis, said slide being axially oovable in one direction further onto said body during connection of said coupling member to another coupling αeαber and being oovable in a direction off froα said body during disconnection of said coupling αeαber froα another coupling oeαber, said slide having an outer end portion overlying said body, an internal circuαferential recess in said outer end portion of said slide, said recess having a recess sidewall spaced outwardly froα said outer surface of said body in opposed relationship thereto and sloping at a soall angle outwardly away from said axis in said one direction, a bearing ring received in said recess and being of a αaterial having a substantially lower coefficient of friction than said body and slide, said bearing ring having an outer bearing ring surface generally corresponding to said recess sidewall for cooperation therewith, and said bearing ring having a smaller internal diameter than the diameter of said outer surface of said body, whereby when said slide moves in said one direction said bearing ring moves further into said recess to contract said bearing ring generally radially inwardly. 58. The coupling member as defined in claim 57 wherein said bearing ring comprises TFE materials. 59. The coupling member as defined in claim 57 including retaining means carried by said slide for preventing complete displacement of said bearing ring froα said recess when said slide moves in a direction off froα said body, an external circumferential groove in said outer end portion of said slide, and said retaining means comprising a retainer ring having detents received in said groove and having an inwardly extending flange positioned for cooperation with said -44- bearing ring to hold same within said recess. 60. The coupling member as defined in claim 59 wherein said detents are loosely received in said groove for providing limited axial movement of said retainer ring relative to said slide. 61. The coupling member as defined in claim 57 including retaining means for retaining said bearing ring against complete axial displacement from said recess, and said retaining means being connected with said slide for limited axial movement relative thereto for allowing limited axial movement of said bearing ring within said recess. 62. The coupling member as defined in claim 57 including retaining means for retaining said bearing ring against complete displacement from said recess while allowing limited axial movement of said bearing ring relative to said slide within said recess. 63. The coupling member as defined in claim 57 wherein said outer end portion of said slide has a terαinal end, said bearing ring being generally L-shaped in cross section and including a generally axial leg received in said groove and a generally radial leg extending along said terminal end. 64. The coupling member as defined in claim 63 including a retainer ring connected with said slide and having an inwardly extending flange spaced from said terαinal end of said slide, said radial flange on said bearing ring being received between said terminal end and said flange and having an axial thickness substantially less than the axial spacing between facing surf ces of said flange and said terminal end. 65. A seal between valve and coupling parts relatively movable between closed and open positions of said valve part, an external circumferential seal of deforuable material carried by said valve part, a valve seat on said coupling part cooperatively engaging said seal in said closed position of said valve part, said seal having one axial end portion toward the interior of said coupling part and having an opposite axial end portion toward the exterior of said coupling part, metal seal retainer means peripherally and axially surrounding said seal at said one axial end portion thereof to prevent blowout of said seals, and positive αetal-to-metal cooperating stops between said valve part and coupling part outwardly of said seal at said opposite axial end portion thereof in said closed position of said valve part. 66. The seal as defined in claim 65 wherein said valve part is axially movable relative to said coupling part and including valve part biasing means for normally biasing said valve part to said closed position, 67. The seal as defined in claim 65 wherein said coupling part is axially movable relative to said valve part and including coupling part biasing means for normally biasing said coupling part to said closed position of said valve part. 68. The seal as defined in claim 65 wherein said seal and said valve seat have cooperating sealing surfaces sloping relative to the longitudinal axis of said parts, and said stops having cooperating stop surfaces sloping relative to said axis at a steeper ang e than said sealing surfaces. 69. A fluid coupling subassembly co m prising: a valve body having a valve fixed therein, a slide axially slidable on said body between valve open and closed positions, slide biasing means for normally biasing said slide away from said body into engagement with said valve, a valve seal carried by said valve for sealingly engaging a valve seat on said slide in said closed position thereof, αetal seal retainer means surrounding an axial and peripheral portion of said seal on the valve body side thereof and cooperating positive αetal-to-αetal stops between said valve and slide on the opposite side of said seal froα said valve body side thereof. 70. The fluid coupling subassembly as defined in claiα 69 wherein said seal and seat have corresponding cooperating sealing surfaces sloping relative to the longitudinal axis of said body, and said stops having cooperating stop surfaces sloping relative to said axis at a steeper angle than said sealing surfaces. 71. A fluid coupling subassembly comprising: a hollow steα including an inner steα end and having a poppet therein oovable between closed and open positions for respectively closing and opening said inner steα end, poppet biasing αeans for normally biasing said poppet to said closed position, a seal carried by said poppet, a valve seat on said steα adjacent said inner steα end cooperatively engaging said seal in said closed position of said poppet, αetal seal retainer means surrounding an axial and peripheral portion of said seal on the inner stem end side thereof, and cooperating positive αetal-to-αetal stops between said retainer αeans and said steα on the same side of said seal as said inner steα end side thereof. 72. The fluid coupling subassembly as defined in claiα 71 wherein said seal and seat have corresponding cooperating sealing surfaces sloping relative to the longitudinal axis of said steα, said steα and poppet having cooperating stop surfaces sloping relative to said axis at a steeper angle than said sealing surfaces. 73. A valve assembly comprising: a generally cylindrical elongated body having a longitudinal axis and a valve internally supported therein, said valve including an elongated member centrally secured within said body against axial movement relative thereto by fin αeans, said fin means including a pair of oppositely positioned cooperating fin members of generally M-shaped configuration in end view wherein each said fin member includes a pair of αain legs interconnected by a soαewhat U-shaped portion having a central intersecting circular portion receiving said elongated member. 74. The valve assembly as defined in claim 73 wherein said fin αeαbers comprise metal stampings. 75. The valve assembly as defined in claim 73 wherein said somewhat U-shaped portion of each said fin αeαber is longitudinally offset froα said main legs. 76. The valve assembly as defined in claim 75 wherein said somewhat U-shaped portion is longitudinally offset froα said αain legs in a direction away froα said valve. JTTRKΓ; O P -48- 77. A fin member for supporting a valve bolt or the like comprising: a thin metal stamping having a generally M-shaped configuration in an end view and including a pair of spaced main legs interconnected by soαewhat U-shaped portion having a central intersecting circular portion, said legs having terαinal ends and said circular portion being spaced froα and curved away froα said ends, a pair of said fin αeαbers being positionable in cooperative opposed relationship with the leg ends thereof abutting one another and with the circular portions thereof opposing one another and lying on the periphery of a common circle. 78. The fin member as defined in claim 77 wherein said circular portion extends over an arc substantially less than 180°. 79. The fin member as defined in claiα 77 wherein said soαewhat U-shaped portion is longitudinally offset relative to said legs. 80. The fin member as defined in claim 77 wherein the longitudinal length of said fin member is at least four times the thickness of the metal from which it is stamped. 81. A valve guide member comprising: a plurality of circu ferentially-spaced spokes radiating froα a central portion having a guide opening therethrough and including a longitudinally extending circular boss. 82. The valve guide αeαber as defined in claiu 81 wherein said spokes are inclined opposite to the direction in which said boss extends. 83. The valve guide member as defined in claim 81 wherein said spokes have terαinal ends which are curved and lie on the periphery of a common circle. 84. A poppet valve assembly comprising: hollow steα αeans receiving a poppet for longitudinal αovement between open and closed positions, said poppet having a guide shaft axially extending therefroα, a guide member received in said steα means and having a central hole therethrough closely and slidably receiving said guide shaft, said guide member having a plurality of circuαferentially-spaced spokes with outer end portions abutting a shoulder in said steα αeans, said guide αeαber having a central circular boss extending therefroα toward said poppet and on the opposite side thereof froα said shoulder, a coil spring surrounding said guide shaft and having one end closely received over said boss and an opposite end bearing against said poppet for normally biasing same to said closed position, and said guide shaft having an enlarged abutment thereon for engagement with said boss when said poppet αoves fully to said open position. 85. In a coupling asseαbly including a body part having a longitudinal axis and a body terαinal end portion for sealing connection with a steα part on a steα asseαbly, said body terαinal end portion having a terαinal end and an external circuαferential groove, said groove having a groove bottoα and axially-spaced groove sidewalls, one said sidewall being located closest to said terαinal end and the opposite sidewall being located further therefroα, said groove bottoα sloping outwardly away froα said axis at a suall angle in a direction froα said one groove sidewall toward said opposite groove sidewall, a seal ring of deforαable -50- αaterial received in said groove and having an inner surface sloping at an angle generally corresponding to the slope of said groove bottou, said seal ring having an outer surface sloping outwardly away froα said axis in a direction froo said one groove surface toward said other groove surface, and a backup ring positioned between said seal ring and said opposite groove sidewall and being of a deforαable material which is harder and less deforαable than said seal ring. 86. The coupling assembly as defined in claim 85 wherein said seal ring has a generally cylindrial surface adjacent said opposite groove sidewall and said sloping outer surface of said seal ring being adjacent said one groove sidewall. 87. The coupling assembly as defined in claim 86 including a steα part having a stem terminal end portion receiving said body end portion and having an internal sloping surface for sealing cooperation with said sloping outer surface on said seal ring and having an internal cylindrical surface for close reception over said backup ring and said outer cylindrical surface on said seal ring. 88. A coded system of fluid couplings including a plurality of pairs of mating body and stem assemblies, each body assembly including an inner body valve and a slide normally biased into engageαent with said body valve, each body asseαbly having body coupling αeans for cooperation with steα coupling oeans to releasably couple a pair of αating body and steα assemblies, said body coupling means including an outer coupling sleeve, each steα assembly including a stem member having an inner steα valve norαally biased outwardly to a closed position adjacent a steα end, a αating pair of body and steα asseαblies including a steα member having an external diaαeter for close reception within a body coupling sleeve for engaging a body slide and moving same away froα the body valve while the body valve external diaαeter and the steα end internal diameter are sized for close reception of the body valve through the steα end to engage and open the steα valve, a plurality of said αating pairs of body and steα assemblies being keyed with progressively higher keyed body and steα asseαblies having progressively larger inner sleeve diaαeters, larger external steα αeαber diameters, larger external body valve diaαeters and larger steα end internal diaαeters, whereby body and steα assemblies of non-mating pairs will not fit together due to interference either between said steα member and sleeve or between said body valve and said stem end. 89. A coded system of fluid couplings including a plurality of pairs of keyed mating body and stem asseαblies, each said body assembly including an inner body valve and an outer coupling sleeve, and progressively higher keyed body asseαblies having larger inner sleeve diameters and larger external valve body diaαeters. 90. A coded systeα of fluid couplings including a plurality of pairs of keyed mating body and stem asseαblies, each said steo asseαbly including a steα αeαber having a steα end for receiving a body valve, and progressively higher keyed steo asseublies having larger external diaαeters and larger internal steα end diaαeters. 91. A coded system of couplings including a ■ 52- plurality of pairs of keyed oating body and steo asseαblies, each body asseαbly including an inner body valve and an outer coupling sleeve, each stem assembly having a stem member with an external diameter and a steα end through which a body valve is receivable, αating body and steα assemblies being dimensioned for close reception of a stem member within a body sleeve and for close reception of a body valve within a stem end, and progressively higher keyed body and stem asseαblies having progressively larger internal sleeve diaαeters, larger external steα αeαber diaαeters, larger external body valve diaαeters and larger internal steo end diaαeters, whereby body and steα assemblies having different keys will not mate due to interference either between a stem member and a coupling sleeve or between a body valve and a steα end. I EΛ

Inventors: BRAND EDWARD M, MEDVICK RICHARD J, WAGNER ROSS L, WEBER RICHARD C JR, BRAND, EDWARD, M., MEDVICK, RICHARD, J., WAGNER, ROSS, L., WEBER, RICHARD, C., JR.
Applicants: SWAGELOK CO, SWAGELOK COMPANY
Application year: 1984
Main classification: F16L29
IPC codes: F16L37