METHOD FOR PREPARING A SYNTHETIC FUEL AND/OR SYNTHETIC COMPONENTS FOR FUELS, AND THE PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREBY

Abstract: A synthetic fuel and or synthetic components for fuels are prepared from a mixture of poiycarboxylic acids of suitable elementary composition, having a mean molecular weight of between 120 and 800 and an acidity of between 5 and 18 meq g, by esterifying the polycarboxylic acids with one or more alcohols or one or more olefins.

Description: This invention relates to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel and/or synthetic cornponents for fuels, and tic product obtained by said method. Various retliods are known in the art for preparing synthetic Curls, in particular starting from coal by hydroliquefaction or pyrolysis, or starting from synthesis gases. However, all the known methods suffcr from the drawback of involving high plant and/or operating costs. Numerous methods exist for oxidising coal with oxygcn, oxygencontaining gases or oxidiing substances in an aqueous alkaline medium. A large percentage of the product cf this oxidation consists of polycarboxylic acid mixtures. Examples of rethods for producing polycarboxylic acios by oxidising coal include those described in French patent 1,347,213 and in Gerc,2n patents 841,140, 864,992 and 879,103. The polycarboxylic acids obtained by known methods cannot be used as fuels because of their acidic nature, so that their use is practically limited to the chemical field. It has been surprisingly found that polycarboxylic acids can be converted into fuels and/or components for fuels by transforming them into oleophilic compounds in a simple and economical manner. Besides polycarboxylic acid E1xtures obtained by oxidising coal, polycarboxylic acid mixtures of different origin can obviously be used for transformation into oleophilic compounds provided that their elementary compositions, molecular weight and acidity lie within the limits indicated hereinafter. A first subject matter of the present invention is a method for transforing polycarboxylic acid mixtures into oleophilic coapourlds which can be used as synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels. The method for preparing a synthetic fuel and/or synthetic conponents for fuels according to the present invention starts with a polycarboxylic acid mixture obtained in any manner, and is characterised ty the polycarboxylic acids having the following elementary co.-positlon: carbon from 42Z to 70f by weight hydrogen from 1.5Z to 6X by weight oxygen from 14.0X to 52.7% by weight, a niean molecular weight of between 120 and 800, and an acidity of between 5 and 18 meqlg, and preferably between 8 and 14 meq/g, the polycarboxylic acid mixture being subjected to esterification with one or more alcohols or one or more olefins. The esterification is preferably effected with alcohols comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the alcohols being in H2S04 solution at 2 concentration of between SX and 20 by weight, or with olefins comprising between 2 and 10 carbon atoms. A second subject matter of the present invention is the synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels when obtained by the aforesaid method. A third subject matter of the present invention is the fuel obtained by mixing the synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components according to the invention with products chosen from: a) medium petroleum distillate; b) medium distillate from coal hydroliquefaction; c) coal pyrolysis product, and in particular the mixture of benzene, toluene and xylenes; d) fuel oil of petroleum origin; e) mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons; f) mixture of C1 - C10 aliphatic alcohols. An example is given hereinafter in order to better illustrate the invention and the results obtainable, it being understood that the invention is not to be considered as limited thereby or thereto. EXAMPLE Coal oxidation products having the characteristics given in Table 1 were treated in the following manner: 30 g of product plus 170 cc of methanol and 2.7 ml of H2S04 are heated under reflux for 4 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into 2 & a1 of H2 The methyl esters are extracted with ethyl ether, which is then removed by distillation. The resultant mixture was mixed with a medium distillate having the characteristics given in Table 2. The characteristics of the fuel mixture obtained are given in Table 3. TABLE 1 Starting material characteristics Elementary analysis (weight Z) Acidity 12.7 meq/g C 50.20 H 3.12 X 170 n 0 45.70 . N 0.4 Mn = numerical molecular weight n S 0.6 TABLE 2 Medium distillate characteristics ASTM colour > 8 Viscosity 200C (Cst) 8.3 Viscosity 37.80C ( 'I ) 4.7 Ash (Weight X) 0.0078 Acidity (mg KOH/g) 0.49 HCV (kcal/kg) 11483 TABLE 3 Fuel mixture characteristics Ester content (weight X) 30 ASTM colour > 8 Viscosity 20 C (Cst) 18.7 Viscosity 37.80C ( " ) 8.7 Ash (weight X) 0.0077 Acidity (mg KOR/g) 0.61 HCV (kcallkg) 9300

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A method for preparing a synthetic fel and/or sttic components for fuels from a polycarboxylic acid mixture obtained in eny manner, characteriscd by the polycarboxylic acid mixture having the following elernentary composition: carbon from 424 to 70% by weight hydrogen from 1.5% to 6% by weight oxygen from 14% to 52.7; by weight, a mean molecular weight of between 120 and 800 and an acidity of between 5 and 18 meq/g, the polycarboxylic acids being subjected to esterification with one or more alcohols or one or more olefins. 2. A method for preparing a synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the polycarboxylic acid mixture has an acidity of between 8 and 14 meq/g. 3. A method for preparing a syntehtic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the esterification is effected with alcohols comprising frcm 1 to 10 carbon atoms, said alcohols being used in 112504 solution at a concentration of between 5 and 202 by weight. 4. A method for preparing a synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the esterification is effected with olefins cornprisinb between 2 and 10 carbon atoms. 5. A synthetic fuel and/or synthetic components for fuels when obtained by the method of the preceding clans. 6 A fuel obtained by mixing synthetic fuel and/or the synthetic components for fuels, when obtained as claimed in claims 1 to 4, with a product chosen from: a) medium petroleum distillate; b) medium distillate from coal hydroliquefaction; c) coal pyrolysis product, and in particular the mixture of benzene, toluene and xylenes; d) fuel oil of petroleum origin; e) mixture of arctic hydrocarbons; f) mixture of C1-C10 aliphatic alcohols.

Inventors: GIRARDI, ERMANNO, MANSANI, RICCARDO
Applicants: ENI-ENTE NAZIONALE IDROCARBURI
Application year: 1984
Main classification: C10L1
IPC codes: C10L1