PRESTRESSING STEEL MATERIAL

Abstract: A steel material for use with concrete that is prestressed by posttensioning is disclosed. The steel member (1) is sheathed with a heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube (2). Said embodiment is further applicable to the case of a stranded steel member.

Description: The present invention relates to elongated prestressing elements embedded in prestressed concrete that is prestressed by posttensioning. Concrete has a relatively low tensile strength. In order to overcome this disadvantage, prestressed concrete has been developed. By means of high strength steel wires, bars or strands, a concrete member is precompressed. When the structure receives a load, the compression is relieved on that portion which would normally be in tension. There are two general methods of prestressing, namely, pretensioning and posttensioning. The present invention relates to steel materials for use with concrete of the type that is prestressed by posttensioning. Structural designs used to prevent direct contact between steel materials and the surrounding prestressed concrete are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The design shown in Fig. 1 can be used whether the steel material is in the form of a wire, bar or strand. A steel member 1 having a grease coating 2 is sheathed with a PE (polyethylene) tube 3. When the steel member 1 with the PE tube 3 is placed within a concrete section 4, the lubricating effect of the intermediate grease coating 2 reduces the coefficient of friction between the steel member and concrete to as low as between 0.002 and 0.005 m⁻¹. Because of this low coefficient of friction, the design in Fig. 1 provides great ease in posttensioning a long steel cable in concrete. However, if the steel material is of short length, the need for preventing grease leakage from either end of the PE tube presents great difficulty in fabricating and handling the steel material. Furthermore, steel members having screws or heads at both ends are difficult to produce in a continuous fashion. The steel member 1 shown in Fig. 2, which is encapsulated in asphalt 5, has a slightly greater coefficient of friction than the structure shown in Fig. 1. This design is extensively used with relatively short steel materials since it is simple in construction, is leak-free, and provides ease in unbonding the steel material from the concrete, even if the steel member has screws or heads at end portions. One problem with the design in Fig. 2 is that the presence of the asphalt (or, alternatively, a paint) may adversely affect the working environment due to the inclusion of a volatile organic solvent therein. Moreover, the floor may be fouled by the splashing of the asphalt or paint. As another problem, great difficulty is involved in handling the coated steel material during drying or positioning within a framework, and separation of the asphalt coating can easily occur unless utmost care is taken in ensuring the desired coating thickness. US-A-3646748 describes an elongated prestressing element embedded in prestressed concrete, wherein said prestressing element comprises a steel member and a synthetic resin tube surrounding the outer surfaces of said steel member and in which the prestressing element is subjected to postensioning in an unbounded state wherein the prestressing material is not bonded to and is free to move relative to the concrete and wherein the steel member is not movable relative to the synthetic resin tube. Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide a steel material embedded in prestressed concrete that is free from the problems associated with the prior art techniques. This object of the present invention is achieved by a prestressing steel material embedded in prestressed concrete comprising a steel member and a synthetic resin tube wherein the prestressing steel material is free to move relative to the concrete and the steel member is not movable relative to the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube characterized in that said prestressing steel material comprises a steel strand comprising a plurality of steel wires twisted together, said steel strand having spiral grooves a resin filling said grooves and said resin tube made of a heat shrinkable resin covering said strand and said resin and heat-shrunk around said strand to provide intimate contact between said strand and said resin tube and further comprising an adhesive material provided between the steel member and the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube, wherein upon application of heat, the tube shrinks as the adhesive melts to adhere the steel member and the resin tube before the steel strand is embedded in the prestressed concrete as well as an elongated prestressing steel material embedded in prestressed concrete, wherein said prestressing steel material comprises a steel member and a synthetic resin tube surrounding the outer surfaces of said steel member wherein the prestressing steel material is in an unbonded state and is free to move with respect to the concrete and the steel member is not movable relative to the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube characterized in that said resin tube is made of a heat shrinkable resin and that an adhesive material is provided between the steel member and the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube, wherein upon application of heat, the tube shrinks as the adhesive metls to adhere the steel member and the resin tube before the steel member is embedded in the prestressed concrete. Figs. 1 and 2 show schematically conventional designs of steel materials for concrete prestressed by posttensioning; Fig. 3 is a schematic presentation of a steel material of the present invention for use with prestressed concrete; and Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a steel strand sheathed with a resin tube according to the present invention. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figs. 3 and 4, in which reference numeral 1 indicates a steel member and reference numeral 6 a heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube. The resin material is preferably a polyolefin, e.g. high-density polyethylene. The steel member is sheathed with a heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube. The steel material is bonded to the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube with an adhesive material, to improve rust-preventing and anti-corrosion effects If the steel member is a bar, a heat-fusible synthetic resin adhesive is coated or placed on the inner surface of the resin tube or the outer surface of the steel bar, and, after the resin tube is slipped over the steel bar, heat is applied to cause the resin tube to shrink as the resin adhesive melts to provide firm adhesion between the steel bar and the resin tube. It has been found by the present inventors that this method is the simplest and best way to ensure firm bonding between the steel bar and the synthetic resin tube. The steel material for prestressed concrete according to this embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 3, wherein reference numeral 1 refers to the steel member and 6 represents the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube coated on the surface of the steel member. In one preferred example, the steel member 1 is inserted into a prefabricated heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube, which is then heated by hot air, steam or with an IR (infrared) heater to shrink and tightly fit it onto the surface of the steel member. The wall thickness of the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube is preferably at least 300 µm to isolate the steel member 1 and the surrounding concrete layer sufficiently to provide good slippage between the two components. The wall thickness of the synthetic resin tube after heat shrinking can be approximated by the following equation: t = (1/2)(((D + 2t₁)² - D₁² + D₀²) ½ - D₀), where t: wall thickness (mm) after heat shrinking D₀: outside diameter (mm) of steel bar D₁: inside diameter (mm) of the tube before heat shrinking t₁: wall thickness (mm) before heat shrinking. If a steel bar of D₀ = 17 mm is inserted into a resin tube having an inside diameter of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 0.3 mm and if the tube is heat-shrunk to provide intimate contact with the steel bar, the tube around the steel bar will have a wall thickness as large as about 0.35 mm. A heat-shrinkable polyolefin tube has a heat shrinkage of about 35%. Thus, the inside diameter of the tube can be selected from the range of 1.1 to 1.5 times the outside diameter of the steel bar. This fairly large inside diameter of the polyolefin tube permits considerable ease in inserting the steel bar through the tube. Furthermore, by properly selecting the inside diameter and wall thickness of the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube to be used with a steel bar having a specific outside diameter, the desired wall thickness of the tube will be provided around the steel bar after heat shrinkage. Samples of steel materials for use with prestressed concrete that included steel members coated with a heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube were fabricated and subjected to various tests to determine their properties. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. Basic properties of Samples Dimensions of steel member: Bar having an outside diameter of 17 mm and a length of 2,830 mm Resin tube: High-density polyethylene tube that was rendered heat-shrinkable by cross-linking under exposure to electron beam Density: 0.95 g/cm² Tensile strength: 1.0 kg/mm² Elongation: 300% Heat resistance: 350°C (1 min) Saltwater resistance: OK Alkali resistance: OK Acid resistance: (10% HCl) OK (10% H₂SO₄) OK Test Conditions Results 1. Continuous saltwater spray test (2,000 h) JIS Z 2371 (5% aq. NaCl, 35°C) No rust or blister formed on the sample surface No rust on the internal steel bar. 2. Saltwater immerion test (2,000 h) Immersed in 3% aq. NaCl at 25°C No rust or blister formed on the sample surface. No rust on the internal steel bar. 3. Alkali resistance test (2,000 h) Immersed in 3% aq. NaCl at 25°C that was adjested to pH 11 with KOH No rust or blister formed on the sample surfact. No rust on the internal steel bar. The present invention is also applicable to a steel strand composed of a plurality of twisted steel wires as shown in Fig. 4. The resulting steel strand has spiral grooves as indicated by A and B in Fig. 4. Not only do these grooves render the posttensioning of the strand difficult, but they also increase the frictional resistance on the stressed concrete. In order to avoid these problems, the grooves are filled with a resin. Such filling with a resin may be accomplished by extrusion or other suitable techniques. Subsequently, the thus-treated steel strand is sheathed with the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube as above. The resulting steel material can be easily manufactured and is easy to handle during transportation and installation.

Claims: A prestressing steel material embedded in prestressed concrete (4), comprising a steel member and a synthetic resin tube (6) wherein the prestressing steel material is free to move relative to the concrete and the steel member is not movable relative to the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube characterized in that said prestressing steel material comprises a steel strand comprising a plurality of steel wires twisted together, said steel strand having spiral grooves (A,B), a resin filling said grooves and said resin tube (6) made of a heat shrinkable resin covering said strand and said resin and heat-shrunk around said strand to provide intimate contact between said strand and said resin tube and further comprising an adhesive material provided between the steel member and the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube, wherein upon application of heat, the tube shrinks as the adhesive melts to adhere the steel member and the resin tube before the steel strand is embedded in the prestressed concrete. An elongated prestressing steel material embedded in prestressed concrete, wherein said prestressing steel material comprises a steel member and a synthetic resin tube surrounding the outer surfaces of said steel member wherein the prestressing steel material is in an unbonded state and is free to move with respect to the concrete and the steel member is not movable relative to the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube characterized in that said resin tube is made of a heat shrinkable resin and that an adhesive material is provided between the steel member and the heat-shrinkable synthetic resin tube, wherein upon application of heat, the tube shrinks as the adhesive melts to adhere the steel member and the resin tube before the steel member is embedded in the prestressed concrete. The steel material of claim 1 or 2 wherein the wall thickness of said resin tube is at least 300 µm. The steel material of claim 1 or 2 wherein said resin material is a polyolefin. The steel material of claim 1 or 2 wherien said resin is a high-density polyethylene.

Inventors: INOO, EIJI C/O ITAMI WORKS OF SUMITOMO ELECTR., MIZOE, MIKIO C/O ITAMI WORKS OF SUMITOMO ELECTR., WANATABE, KANJI C/O ITAMI WORKS OF SUMITOMO ELECTR
Applicants: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Application year: 1984
Main classification: E04C5
IPC codes: E04C5, D07B1