TORQUE CONTROL APPARATUS FOR ENCLOSED COMPRESSORS

Abstract: A torque control apparatus for enclosed compressors is disclosed in which load torque applied to an enclosed compressor (13) is detected by a position detector (18) provided on the rotating portion of the compressor (13) and a temperature detector (17-1, 17-2) provided in a refrigera­ tion cycle (13, 14, 15, 16), and a voltage or current supplied to the compressor (13) is controlled in accordance with the load torque to control the motor output torque of the com­ pressor (13).

Description: TORQUE CONTROL APPARATUS FOR ENCLOSED COMPRESSORS The present invention relates to enclosed compressors, and more particularly to a torque control apparatus for enclosed compressors. The structure of a conventional enclosed compressor will first be explained, with reference to Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 designates a casing for storing therein motor elements and compression elements, 2 a stator fixed to the casing 1, 3 a rotor, 4 a shaft pressed into and fixed to the rotor 3, 5 a main bearing fixed to the casing 1 for supporting the shaft 4, 6 an end bearing for supporting the shaft 4, 7 a cylinder block held between the main bearing 5 and end bearing 6, 8 a roller fitted into a crank portion of the shaft 4, 9 a vane for partitioning a cylinder chamber into a suction chamber 10 and a compression chamber 11, and 12 a vibrationproof member for supporting the compressor. Such a general, rotary compressor is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,130,902. In the above-mentioned enclosed compressor, a high-pressure gas in the compression chamber 11 produces counterclockwise load torque-TG(e) for the shaft 4, and produces clockwise torque Tug(9) for the cylinder block 7. The torque TG(e) is determined mainly by a delivery pressure Pd and a suction pressure Ps. At a rotating portion including the rotor 3 and shaft 4, the load torque-TG(e) is balanced by the motor output torque T1±(0) given by the stator 2 and the inertia torque EMI2.1 of the rotating portion (where indicates the moment of inertia of the rotating portion, and EMI2.2 the angular acceleration of the rotating portion whose rotational speed varies. The balance of torque is given by an equation EMI2.3 It is to be noted that a damping term for the shaft is omitted in the above equation since this term is negligibly small. Fig. 2 shows relationships between the angle of rotation and each of the torque TG(O) and torque TM (6) at a period when the rotating portion is turned (or rotated) once. As shown in Fig. 2, in a range of rotational angle where TG(6) > T (6), the rotational M speed of the rotating portion is reduced at a rate of EMI2.4 and the inertia torque EMI2.5 is released to compensate a torque difference TG (6)TM (e). While, in a range of rotational angle where TG(o) < TM (#), the rotational speed of the rotating portion is increased at a rate of EMI2.6 and thus a torque difference TM (6)TG(6) is given to and stored in the rotating portion. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the rotating portion increases and decreases in a period when the rotating portion is turned once, and thus the rotating portion vibrates. While, on the non-rotational side including the stator 2, cylinder block 7, main bearing 5, and end bearing 6 each fixed to the casing 1, load torque TG(#) and motor output torque-T (8) appear as the reaction of the load torque-TG(0) and motor output torque T(e) at the rotating portion, and the torque difference TG (0)TM (e) appears similarly to the rotating portion. On the nonrotational side, however, the torque difference T(3)- TM(#) is balanced by inertia torque EMI3.1 which is produced when a non-rotational body having the moment of inertia JUm is turned so as to have an angular acceleration EMI3.2 and restoring torque K-0 which is produced when the vibration-proof member 12 is rotated by an angle #. The above-mentioned balance is expressed by an equation EMI3.3 Fig. 3 shows a relationship among three quantities EMI3.4 K.#, T (e) and TG(#) at a period when the rotating portion M is turned once. As shown in Fig. 3, the torque difference TG(#)-TM (e) takes positive and negative values in a period when the rotating portion is turned once. That is, the torque difference acts as a vibration generating force, and the whole of the non-rotational body is rotated through an angle e (in other words, the non-rotational body vibrates). As mentioned above, in the conventional enclosed compressor, the torque difference TG(0)-TM(9) acting as a vibration source appears inevitably on the non-rotational side. Accordingly, no vibration-proof means can prevent the compressor from vibrating. An object of the present invention is to provide an enclosed compressor which is free from vibration by making a difference between the load torque and motor output torque equal to zero, that is, by removing a vibration source in a conventional enclosed compressor. In order to attain the above object, according to the present invention, the difference between the load torque and motor output torque is made equal to zero by controlling the output of a motor so that the motor output torque becomes equal to the load torque in synchronism with every change in load torque at a period when the rotating portion of the compressor is turned once. The output of the motor is controlled in the following manner. That is, a load applied to the compressor is detected by the compressor or a refrigeration cycle, a detection signal is processed by a control unit formed of a microcomputer or the like to obtain an instruction, and a voltage or current supplied to the motor is controlled or adjusted by the instruction to control the motor output torque. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a conventional enclosed compressor; Fig. 2 is a graph showing torque curves on the rotating portion side of the compressor shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a graph showing torque curves on the non-rotational side of the compressor shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a torque control system for enclosed compressors according to the present invention; and Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of a torque control system for enclosed compressors according to the present invention. Now, explanation will be made on an embodiment of a torque control system for enclosed compressors according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 4. In Fig. 4, reference numeral 13 designates a compressor, 14 a condenser, 15 a capillary tube, and 16 an evaporator. These parts 13 to 16 make up a refrigeration cycle. Further, in Fig. 4, reference numerals 17-1 and 17-2 designate detectors for detecting information on a load applied to the compressor 13 (that is, a pressure on the delivery side), 18 a position detector for detecting the rotational position of the rotating portion of the compressor 13, 19 a signal converter for carrying out the analog-to-digital conversion for each of signals from the detectors 17-1, 17-2, and 18, and 20 a control unit formed of a microcomputer or the like. Each of the detectors 17-1 and 17-2 is formed of a temperature sensor such as a thermistor. The position detector 18 is formed of, for instance, a rotary encoder. An equation TG=(PC-Ps)-S*T for determining the torque Tug(0) is previously stored in the control unit 20 (where PC indicates a pressure in the cylinder depending upon the delivery pressure Pd, S is an area of the shaft where the torque TG is applied, and T is a distance between the center axis of the shaft and the point of action of a differential pressure), and the torque TG shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is calculated by the control unit 20 on the basis of data with respect to the delivery pressure Pd and suction pressure Ps which are supplied from the detectors 17-1 and 17-2 every moment. Further, motor output torque corresponding to the torque TG thus calculated is calculated as a function of the rotational position of the motor, using position data from the position detector 18. Electric power supplied from a driving source 21 to the compressor 13 is adjusted in synchronism with a change in torque TG, on the basis of an instruction issued from the control unit 20. In the present embodiment having the abovementioned construction, information on a load applied to the compressor 13 is detected by the detectors 17-1 and 17-2 which are provided on the parts included in the refrigeration cycle, and the rotational position of the rotating portion of the compressor 13 is detected by the position detector 18. Signals from the detectors 17-1, 17-2, and 18 are transferred to the control unit 20 through the signal converter 19. Both the magnitude of the load torque applied to the compressor 13 in a period when the rotating portion is turned once, and a time the load torque is applied to the compressor 13, are calculated by the control unit 20 on the basis of the above signals, and an instruction thus obtained is sent from the control unit 20 to the driving source 21 to control a voltage or current supplied to the compressor. In the compressor 13 thus controlled, during the rotating portion is turned once, the motor output torque TM(.e) is made equal to the load torque Tug(0) in synchronism with every change in load torque, and therefore the torque TM(e) and torque Tug(8) are well-balanced. Accordingly, the vibration generating torque TGt TM(8) is made equal to zero both on the rotating portion side and on the non-rotational side. That is, the vibration generating source is removed, and thus a vibration-free, enclosed compressor can be obtained. Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of a torque control apparatus for enclosed compressors according to the present invention. This embodiment has a function of controlling the number of revolutions of the rotating portion in addition to the function of controlling the motor output torque. In Figs. 4 and 5, like reference numerals designate like parts. In Fig. 5, reference numeral 17-3 designates a detector for detecting a temperature around the evaporator 16 to obtain information on a refrigerating capacity required for the compressor 13, 22 an inverter driving part, and 23 an inverter. The control unit 20 issues an instruction for controlling the inverter 23, on the basis of a signal from the detector 17-3, and thus the number of revolutions of the rotating portion is made correspond to the required refrigerating capacity to save electric power. That is, according to the present embodiment, the number of revolutions of the rotating portion and the load torque can be controlled in accordance with a load capacity, and thus an excellent enclosed compressor can be obtained which is small in power consumption and free from vibration. As has been explained in the foregoing, according to the present invention, a voltage or current supplied to an enclosed compressor is controlled by a control system so that the motor output torque is made equal to the load torque in synchronism with every change in the load torque for a period when the rotating portion of the compressor is turned once, and therefore a difference between the load torque and motor output torque which acts as the vibration generating torque for the compressor, can be made equal to zero. Thus, a vibration-free, enclosed comppressor can be obtained.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A torque control apparatus for a compressor (13) comprising; first detecting means for detecting a load torque applied to said compressor (13), and control means (20) for controlling a voltage or current supplied to a motor to drive said compressor (13) in accordance with said load torque which is detected by said first detecting means, whereby the output torque of said motor is controlled. 2. A torque control apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said first detecting means comprises; a position detector ±18) for detecting the rotational position of the rotating portion of said compressor (13), and second detecting means for detecting information on a load applied to said compressor (13). 3. A torque control apparatus according to Claim 2, wherein said second detecting means comprises a temperature sensor (17-1, 17-2, 17-3) for detecting a pressure on the delivery side of said compressor (13) as said information on a load applied to said compressor (13).

Inventors: SUTOU, MASATSUNE, UNEYAMA, YOSHIHISA
Applicants: HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1984
Main classification: G05D17
IPC codes: H02P29, H02P6, F04B49, F04B39, F04C28, F25B49, G05D17