PROCESS FOR CELL DISRUPTION

Abstract: Process for disrupting cells of a polysaccharide produc­ ing microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas, preferably Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592, which contain one or more RP4 and/or RP4::MU ts plasmids. Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 containing one or more plasmids. Process for preparing polysaccharides by culti­ vating the latter. Process for displacing a fluid through a well and/or a permeable subsurface formation using the po­ lysaccharides.

Description: This invention relates to an improved process for disrupting cells, and in particular to a process for disrupting cells of a polysaccharide producing microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas. In microbiological processes it is often necessary in the later stages to disrupt the bacterial cells. Especially in the microbial production of polysaccharides for use as viscosifiers in enhanced oil recovery this is a major requirement. Cellular debris and non-viable bacteria have to be removed from the polysaccharide-containing solution before these solutions can be used in enhanced oil recovery operations. Because it is the presence of these particulate solids in the polysaccharide solution which can present considerable difficulty in field application of the polymer flood when causing plugging of the rock face and injection water filters. In European Patent Application 0078556 in the name of Applicant a process for cell disruption is described which comprises the contacting of an aqueous, cell-containing medium with a protease enzyme, wherein the enzymic contact is preceded by contact with a surfactant. Further research efforts on cell disruption has now resulted in the surprising finding that a remarkable improvement especially in the efficiency of the surfactant treatment step is achieved when the cells of microorganisms of the genus Pseudomonas contain one or more RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids. For a description of these plasmids reference is made to Datta, N. et al, Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 108, pp. 1244-1249, (1971), and Boucher. C. et al, Journal of General Microbiology Vol. 98, pp. 253-263. Although Pseudomonas cells comprising one or more of these plasmids appear to be more easily lysed by the surfactant than Pseudomonas cells not containing these plasmids, derivatives of other biopolymer producing bacteria containing these plasmids showed no change in their sensitivity to the surfactant. It might be possible that plasmid/transposon mutagenesis occurs in the Pseudomonas-DNA which means that pieces of DNA from the plasmids integrate in Pseudomonas-DNA and in this way activate certain gens which are responsible for rendering the Pseudomonas cells more sensitive to the surfactant. Therefore in this application the description "Pseudomonas cells containing one or more RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids" not only encompasses Pseudomonas cells containing plasmids without the occurence of transposon mutagenseis but also Pseudomonas cells in which plasmid transposon mutagenesis occurs or has occured. Accordingly the present invention provides a process for disrupting cells of a polysaccharide-producing microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas using a surfactant, characterised in that the cells which are contacted with the surfactant contain one or more RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids. The present process is particularly suitable for disrupting cells of the microorganism Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 which is described in European Patent Application 0040445 also in the name of Applicant. The surfactant used in the present process is preferably an anionic surfactant. A preferred one is an alkali metal alkyl sulphate, alkylbenzene sulphonate, sulphated alkanol ethoxylate or a sulphated alkanol, in which the alkyl chain contains at least 8 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable surfactants are sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), "Dobanol" 25-3S R , sodium salt, a sulphated alkanolethoxylate. "Dobanol" 23-2S, sodium salt, a sulphated alkanol ethoxylate. "Teepol" HB6 R , sodium salt of C₉₋₁₃ primary alcohol sulphate. "Dobanic" acid 83 R , an alkylbenzene sulphonate and "Dobanic" acid JN R , an alkylbenzene sulphonate. The present invention further provides a process as hereinbefore described in which after the cells have been contacted with the surfactant they are contacted with an enzyme which is preferably an alkaline protease and which process represents an improvement with regard to the earlier process of that nature as described in the European Patent Application 0078556 as was mentioned before. Suitable alkaline protease are "Alcalase", "Esperase" and "Savinase" all being from bacterial origin. Incorporation into a microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas microorganism of one or more RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids may be carried out according to methods known in the art. This is suitably achieved by transferring RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids to Pseudomonas species. For instance E.coli RP4 can be used as a source of RP4 plasmids. Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 which contain one or more RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids may be used to prepare polysaccharides by cultivation under aerobic conditions in an aqueous nutrient medium and recovering the polysaccharide from the polysaccharide-containing medium. It is suitable to use process conditions which are the same or similar to those of the process for the production of a polysaccharide as described in European Patent Applicaiton 0040445. Still further the polysaccharide so produced may be used in a process for displacing a fluid through a well and/or a permeable subsurface formation communicating with the well, by injecting into the well an aqueous solution which contains the polysaccharide as a viscosifier. The present invention will be further described with reference to the following General description of the Experimental Part and the Examples. General description of the Experimental Part Bacteria were grown overnight at 30°C on an orbital incubator (at 220 rpm) in dYT (g/l: Tryptone, 16; Yeast Extract, 10; NaCl, 5). Then subcultured into 1 in 20 into fresh medium (50mls in 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks) and incubated for approximately 6 hours. Bacteria were harvested by centrifugation (3,000g x 15 min. and resuspended in fresh dYT. Cultures were incubated at 50°C unless noted for 30 mins, split into 2ml portions and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate), added to give final percentage shown. Samples were incubated for 30 mins. at room temperature on a rotating incubator. Effect of lysis treatment was measured by absorbance at 600nm compared with untreated controls. Results are expressed as % absorbance remaining after treatment. 100% = no lysis. Example I Table 1 shows the effect of culture age in case of lysis of the cells of Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 containing RP4 plasmids and Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 without RP4 plasmids by SDS. All in dYT. Modification The overnight culture was incubated further = 22h culture. Example II Table 2 shows the effect of pH change of lysis medium on lysis and the effect of applying or omitting the pretreatment at 50°C (for 30 mins.) of cells of Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 with and without RP4 plasmids. Example III Table 3 shows the results of an experiment on the lysis of Xanthomonas campestris NCIB 11854 with and without plasmids RP4 and Xanthomonas campestris NCIB 11808 by SDS and "Alcalase". The SDS results are for bacteria in dYT and for enzyme "Alcalase" lysis the bacteria were resuspended in 50mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0. Example IV Table 4 shows the results of an experiment on the lysis of Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592 with and without plasmids RP4 by SDS and "Alcalase". The SDS results are for bacteria in dYT and for enzyme ("Alcalase") lysis the bacteria were resuspended in 50mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0.

Claims: Process for disrupting cells of a polysaccharide-producing microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas using a surfactant, characterised in that the cells which are contacted with the surfactant contain one or more RP4 and/or RP4::Mu ts plasmids. Process as claimed in claim 1, in which the microorganism is Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 11592. Process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the surfactant is an anionic surfactant. Process as claimed in claim 3, in which the surfactant is an alkali metal alkyl sulphate, alkylbenzene sulphonate, sulphated alkanol ethoxylate or a sulphated alkanol, in which the alkyl chain contains at least 8 carbon atoms. Process as claimed in any one of the claims 1-4, in which after the cells have been contacted with the surfactant they are contacted with an enzyme. Process as claimed in claim 5, in which the enzyme is an alkaline protease.

Inventors: BETTERIDGE, PETER RICHARD
Applicants: SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V.
Application year: 1984
Main classification: C12N1
IPC codes: C09K8, C12N15, C12P19, C12N1