MACHINING METHOD FOR MACHINE TOOLS

Abstract: Method of machining by a reciprocating cutting motion and, more particularly, to a machining method including the steps of: automatically preparing a pickfeed path along which a tool (TL) does not interfere with a workpiece (WK) at the time of pickfeed; moving the tool along the pickfeed path; and effecting cutting. In the case of a workpiece which has a concave portion in the vicinity of the pickfeed path, first, an approach plane (AP) is obtained which is parallel to a plane (PL) that comes in contact with an outline curve (OLC) of the workpiece at a subsequent machining start point Ps and which includes a machining end point Pe, and then, a crossing point Pc is obtained which is defined between the approach plane (AP) and a straight line (SL) which passes through the machining start point Ps and extends in the direction of the central axis of the tool at the machining start point, whereby the pickfeed path is determined by the path Pe → Pc → Ps. On the other hand, in the case of a workpiece which has a convex portion in the vicinity of the pickfeed path, first, an approach plane (AP) is obtained which comes in contact with an outline curve (OLC) of the workpiece at a subsequent machining start points Ps, and then, a crossing point Pc is obtained which is defined between the approach plane and a straight line (SL′) which passes through the machining end point Pe and extends in the direction of the central axis of the tool at the machining end point, whereby the pickfeed path is determined by the path Pe → Pc → Ps.

Description: This invention relates to a machine tool machining method and, more particularly, to a machine tool machining method so adapted that a tool will not contact a workpiece when a pick-feed is performed. As shown in Fig. 1, the numerically controlled machining of a curved surface is carried out by performing a first machining operation by moving a tool TL at a cutting velocity along a predetermined path PT1 on a workpiece WK in the direction of the arrow, pick feeding the tool from an end point Pe to a starting point Ps on the next machining path PT2 at the conclusion of machining along the abovementioned path, performing a second machining operation by moving the tool in a cutting feed mode along the machining path PT2 in the direction of the arrow, and thereafter repeating the pick-feed and the first and second machining operations (referred to as back-and-forth cutting) to machine the curved surface. In such numerically controlled machining of a curved surface, as disclosed in e.g. EP-A-59759 and EP-A-29294, machining is carried out while exercising control in such a manner that the central axis (the one-dot chain line in Fig. 1) of the tool TL is directed normal to the workpiece WK or oriented in a direction having a prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the direction of the normal line at all times. Consequently, the machine tool is arranged to rotate the tool while the tool is being moved along orthogonal axes in three dimensions, and to perform machining while the central axis of the tool is, e.g., brought into agreement with the direction of the normal line to the workpiece. NC data specifying the path include position data (position vectors) for specifying the position of the tool nose, and tool central axis direction data (positions along B and C axes or tool central axis vector) for specifying the direction of the tool central axis. Note that the B and C axes are vertical and horizontal axes of rotation. In the machining of a curved surface by such back-and-forth cutting, the tool nose will strike the workpiece at high speed when the pick-feed is performed, thereby resulting in an erroneous cutting operation or in damage to the tool, unless an appropriate pick-feed path from the machining end point Pe on the first machining path PT1 to the machining starting point Ps on the second machining path PT2 is decided. To this end, when performing a pick-feed in the prior art, pick-feed paths are decided that will not bring the tool nose into contact with the workpiece, and each pick-feed path is programmed as NC data. However, in the conventional method, a pick-feed path that will not cause a tool to interfere with a workpiece cannot be determined for any and all curved surfaces through a simple technique. As a result, creating the NC data can be a troublesome task. In addition, to assure that the tool will not interfere with the workpiece, with the conventional method the tool retraction stroke is enlarged and, hence, so is the pick-feed stroke. This is disadvantageous in that actual machining time is prolonged. The foregoing drawbacks become even more pronounced especially when performing pick-feed while rotating the tool in the directions of the B and C axes. The reason is that even when the path of travel of the tool TL of a machine tool having axes of rotation is a straight line LN in three dimensions X, Y and Z, as shown in Fig. 2, the path traversed by the tool nose is unpredictable rather than linear, as indicated by the dashed line, when the tool is rotated in the directions of the B and C axes at the same time that it is moved along the straight line. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool machining method whereby a pick-feed path that will not cause a tool to strike a workpiece when a pick-feed is performed can be decided in a simple manner. A development of the present invention provides a machine tool machining method whereby NC data for back-and-forth cutting that will not cause a tool to strike a workpiece when a pick-feed is performed can be created automatically and with ease. Still another development of the present invention provides a machine tool machining method whereby a pick-feed command is inserted into an NC program in advance, a path that will not cause a tool to strike a workpiece is obtained automatically in response to the command, and the tool is moved along the pick-feed path obtained. The present invention provides a method of machining performed by back-and-forth cutting, which method includes automatically creating a pick-feed path that will not cause a tool to strike a workpiece when a pick-feed is performed, moving the tool along the pick-feed path, and thereafter performing cutting. For a workpiece which is concave in the proximity of the pick-feed path, an approach plane is obtained containing a machining end point Pe and lying parallel to a plane which is tangential to the curve of the external shape of the workpiece at a machining starting point Ps on the next machining path, and then a point of intersection Pc is obtained between the approach plane and a straight line passing through the machining starting point Ps, the straight line coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool at the machining starting point. The path Pe → Pc → Ps serves as the pick-feed path. For a workpiece which is convex in the proximity of the pick-feed path, an approach plane is obtained tangential to the curve of the external shape of the workpiece at a machining starting point Ps on the next machining path, and then a point of intersection Pc is obtained between the approach plane and a straight line passing through the machining end point Pe, the straight line coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool at the machining end point. The path Pe → Pc → Ps serves as the pick-feed path. Accordingly, machining is performed by obtaining a pick-feed path following completion of cutting along a first path, thereafter moving the tool along the pick-feed path to position the tool at the next machining starting point Ps, and then moving the tool along the next cutting path. According to this invention, a pick-feed path that will not cause the tool to strike the workpiece can be created automatically. Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a view for describing a tool path for a case where a curved surface is machined by repeating pick-feed and back-and-forth cutting, Fig. 2 is a view for describing the trajectory of a tool nose for a case where a machine tool includes axes of rotation, Figs. 3(A), (B) are views for describing the general features of the present invention for cases where the shape of a curved surface at a pick-feed portion is concave and convex, respectively, Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment for performing the present invention, Fig. 5 is a block diagram of another embodiment for performing the present invention, and Figs. 6 and 7 are flowcharts of processing for a case where the circuits of Figs. 4 and 5 are constituted by a microcomputer, respectively. Fig. 3 is a view for describing the general features of the present invention, in which (A) is for a case where a curved surface of a workpiece is concave, and (B) for a case where a curved surface of a workpiece is convex. Desired machining is carried out by performing a first machining operation for moving a tool relative to a workpiece WK along a path PT1, thereafter pick feeding the tool from an end point Pe of the first machining path to a starting point Ps on the second machining path, performing a second machining operation after the pick-feed for moving the tool relative to the workpiece along the second machining path PT2 in a direction opposite to that of the abovementioned machining direction, and repeating these machining operations and the pick-feed operation. Herein, machining is carried out while exercising control in such a manner that the central axis of the tool is directed normal to the workpiece WK. The manner in which the pick-feed path is decided when the curved surface of the workpiece is concave will now be described. By making use of three-dimensional position data (Xn, Yn, Zn) indicative of the machining starting point Ps of the second machining path PT2, tool central axis direction data (in, jn, kn) at the machining starting point, and position data (Xa, Ya, Za) indicative of the machining end point Pe of the first machining path, an approach plane AP is obtained containing the machining end point Pe and lying parallel to a plane PL which is tangential to a curve OLC of the external shape of the workpiece at the machining starting point Ps, and then a point of intersection Pc is obtained between the approach plane AP and a straight line SL passing through the machining starting point Ps, the straight line SL coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool at the machining starting point. The path Pe → Pc → Ps serves as the pick-feed path. The manner in which the pick-feed path is decided when the curved surface of the workpiece is convex will now be described. By making use of the three-dimensional position data (Xn, Yn, Zn) indicative of the machining starting point Ps of the second machining path PT2 and the tool central axis direction data (in, jn, kn) at the machining starting point, the approach plane AP is obtained tangential to the curve OLC of the external shape of the workpiece at the machining starting point Ps. Then, by using three-dimensional position data (Xa, Ya, Za) indicative of the machining end point Pe of the first machining path PT1 and tool central axis direction data Va (ia, ja, ka) at the machining end point, the point of intersection Pc is obtained between the approach plane AP and a straight line SL' passing through the machining end point, the straight line SL' coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool. The path Pe → Pc → Ps serves as the pick-feed path. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment for performing the present invention. An NC tape or memory (assumed to be an NC tape hereafter) 101 stores NC data. The NC data are so arranged that the tool TL is made to perform cutting in the direction of the arrow up to the end point Pe along the first machining path PT1 of Fig. 3, next is pick-fed from the end point Pe to the machining starting point Ps on the second machining path PT2, then is made to perform cutting in the direction of the arrow along the second machining path, and therafter is made to repeat this back-and-forth cutting operation. Each of the paths PT1, PT2 is approximated by minute polygonal lines, and a pick-feed is indicated by an M-function instruction M □ □ (where □ □ is a two-digit numerical value). An NC data reader 102 reads the NC data from the NC tape 101 one block at a time and stores the data in an input memory 103. A numerical control unit 104 decodes the NC data stored in the input memory 103. If the NC data are path data, then these data are delivered to a pulse distributor 105. If an item of NC data is an M-, S- or T- function instruction to be delivered to the machine side, then the instruction is applied to a machine tool 107 through a magnetics circuit 106. If an item of data is a pick-feed instruction M □ □ , then the NC data reader 102 is made to read the next block of NC data (position data indicative of the starting point of the next machining path). When an item of NC data is path data, the numerical control unit 104 finds incremental values Xi, Yi, Zi, Bi, Ci along the respective axes (rectangular coordinates axes X, Y, Z, vertical axis of rotation B and horizontal axis of rotation C). The numerical control unit 104 then uses a three-dimensional command velocity F and the incremental values Xi, Yi, Zi, Bi, Ci along the respective axes in three dimensions to obtain velocity components F x , F y , F z , Fb, Fc along the respective axes from equations F x = X i ·F/√ X i ² + Y i ² + Z i ² (1a) F y = Y i ·F/√ X i ² + Y i ² + Z i ² (1b) F z = Z i ·F/√ X i ² + Y i ² + Z i ² (1c) F b = B i ·F/√ X i ² + Y i ² + Z i ² (1d) F c = C i ·F/√ X i ² + Y i ² + Z i ² (1e) and thereafter obtains travelling quantities Δ X, Δ Y, Δ Z, Δ B, Δ C which are to be traversed along the respective axes in a predetermined period of time Δ T sec (= 16 msec), from equations Δ X = F x · Δ T (2a) Δ Y = F y · Δ T (2b) Δ Z = F z · Δ T (2c) Δ B = F b · Δ T (2d) Δ C = F c · Δ T (2e) The numerical control unit delivers Δ X, Δ Y, Δ Z, Δ B, Δ C to the pulse distributor 105 every Δ T sec. On the basis of the input data, the pulse distributor 105 performs a simultaneous five-axis pulse distribution calculation to generate distributed pulses Xp, Yp, Zp, Bp, Cp. These are delivered to servo circuits, not shown, for the respective axes to transport the tool along the cutting path. The numerical control unit 104, in accordance with the following formulae, updates the present position X a , Y a , Za, Ba, Ca in a present position memory 108 every Δ T sec: X a ± Δ X → X a (3a) Y a ± Δ Y → Y a (3b) Z a ± Δ Z → Z a (3c) B a ± Δ B → B a (3d) C a ± Δ C → C a (3e) The sign depends upon the direction of movement. Similarly, in accordance with the following formulae, the numerical control unit 104 updates remaining travelling distances X r , Y r , Z r , Br, Cr (the initial values of which are the incremental values X i , Y i , Z i , Bi, Ci respectively) every Δ T sec, X r , Y r , Z r , Bi, Ci having been stored in a remaining travelling distance memory 109: X r - Δ X → X r (4a) Y r - Δ Y → Y r (4b) Z r - Δ Z → Z r (4c) B r - Δ B → B r (4d) C r - Δ C → C r (4e) When the following condition is established: X r = Y r = Z r = Br = Cr = 0 (5) the numerical control unit 104 causes the NC data reader 102 to read the next item of NC data. If a pick-feed instruction M □ □ is read out of the NC tape 101, the numerical control unit 104 immediately reads the next block of NC data and stores the data in the input memory 103. It should be noted that the NC data commanded following the pick-feed instruction are the position data Xn, Yn, Zn, Bn, Cn indicative of the machining starting point Ps of the second machining path PT2. These data are stored in the input memory 103. Thereafter, a tool central axis vector arithmetic unit 110 responds to a calculation start signal from the numerical control unit 104 by obtaining, and storing in a vector memory 111, a tool central axis vector (ia, ja, ka) at the present position (the machining end point Pe on the first machining path PT1), and a tool central axis vector (in, jn kn) at the machining starting point Ps on the second machining path PT2. Letting B represent the position of the tool in the direction of vertical rotation and C the position of the tool in the direction of horizontal rotation, the tool central axis vector (i, j, k) can be calculated from the equations i = sinB·cosC (6a) j = sinB·sinC (6b) k = cosB (6c) Accordingly, the tool central axis vector arithmetic unit 110 is capable of obtaining the tool central axis vectors , from Eqs. (6a) through 6(c) by using the positions (Ba, Bn) and (Ca, Cn) along the directions of vertical and horizontal rotation of the machining end point Pe and machining starting point Ps, which are stored in the present position memory 108 and input memory 103, respectively. Next, an approach plane arithmetic unit 112 calculates a plane equation of the approach plane PA. The plane equation of a plane PL which is tangential to the curve OLC, indicative of the external shape of the workpiece WK, at the machining starting point Ps (Xn, Yn, Zn) is given by in·x + jn·y + kn·z = d (7a) where d is expressed by d = in·Xn + jn·Yn + kn·Zn (7b) The reason for the foregoing is that the general equation of a plane is given by ax + by + cz = d the vector of the normal to the plane PL is expressed by (in, jn, kn), and the plane PL contains the machining starting point Ps (Xn, Yn, Zn). It should be noted that Eq. (7a) can be derived because the vector of the normal to the plane PL is , and that Eq. (7b) can be derived by making the substitutions x=Xn, y=Yn, z=Zn in Eq. (7a), which follows from the fact that the plane PL contains the machining starting point Ps. When the plane PL has been found, the approach plane arithmetic unit 112 then calculates the point of intersection Pc' between the plane and the straight line SL' passing through the machining end point Pe and coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool. Letting ℓ represent the distance from the machining end point Pe to the point of intersection Pc', we have where ', ' are position vectors at the point of intersection Pc' and machining end point Pe, respectively. Since the point of intersection Pc' lies on the approach plane AP, the following will hold: where d has a value obtained from Eq. (7b). The equation holds from Eqs. (8a), (8b), and ℓ is obtained from Eq. (8c). Substituting ℓ into Eq. (8a) provides the position vector Pc' (Xc', Yc', Zc') of the point of intersection '. It should be noted that ℓ may be written so that we may write Xc' = Xa + ℓ·ia Yc' = Ya + ℓ·ja Zc' = Za + ℓ·ka (8d) Thereafter, the approach plane arithmetic unit 112 determines whether the direction of the vector from the machining end point Pe to the point of intersection Pc' coincides with the direction of the tool central axis vector . If coincidence is achieved, then a decision is rendered to the effect that the shape of the workpiece at the pick-feed portion is convex and processing, described below, is executed for the convex shape. If non-coincidence is found to exist, then a decision is rendered to the effect that the shape of the workpiece at the pick-feed portion is concave and the approach plane arithmetic unit 112 performs processing, now to be described, to obtain the approach plane AP. Since the approach plane AP for the case where the workpiece shape is concave lies parallel to the plane PL, as described in conjunction with Fig. 3(A), the plane is expressed by in·x + jn·y + kn·z = d' (9a) Therefore, a plane equation of the approach plane can be obtained if d' is decided. Since the approach plane AP contains the machining end point Pe (Xa, Ya, Za), in·Xa + jn·Ya + kn·Za = d' (9b) will hold. Accordingly, the approach plane AP is specified by Eqs. (9a), (9b). Thereafter, an intersection arithmetic unit 113 calculates the three-dimensional positional coordinate values of the point of intersection Pc between the approach plane AP and the straight line SL passing through the machining starting point Ps and coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool. Letting ℓ represent the distance from the machining starting point Ps to the point of intersection Pc, we have where , are position vectors at the point of intersection Pc and machining starting point Ps, respectively. Since the point of intersection Pc lies on the approach plane AP, the following will hold: where d' has a value obtained from Eq. (9b). The equation holds from Eqs. (10a), (10b), and ℓ is obtained from Eq. (10c). Substituting ℓ into Eq. (10a) provides the position vector (Xc, Yc, Zc) of the point of intersection Pc. It should be noted that ℓ may be written so that we may write Xc = Xn + ℓ·in Yc = Yn + ℓ·jn Zc = Zn + ℓ·kn (10d) If the direction of the vector coincides with the direction of the tool central axis vector at the machining end point Pe, then a decision is rendered to the effect that the shape of the workpiece at the pick-feed portion is convex. Therefore, the approach plane arithmetic unit 112 considers the plane PL already found to be the approach plane AP and outputs the position vector ' of the already calculated point of intersection Pc' as the position vector . When the point of intersection Pc is calculated and the three-dimensional coordinate values (Xc, Yc, Zc) of the point of intersection are applied thereto as inputs, the numerical control unit 104 calculates the incremental values Xi, Yi, Zi along the respective three-dimensional axes from the machining end point Pe to the point of intersection Pc from the equations Xc - Xa → Xi Yc - Ya → Yi Zc - Za → Zi Thereafter, the calculations of Eqs. (1a) - (1c), (2a) - (2c) are performed as described above to obtain Δ X, Δ Y, Δ Z, and these are applied to the pulse distributor 105 every Δ T seconds. The numerical control unit 104 performs the calculations of Eqs. (3a) - (3c), (4a) - (4c) every Δ T seconds. When the condition Xr = Yr = Zr = 0 is established, namely when the tool arrives at the point of intersection Pc, the numerical control unit 104 performs the operations indicated by Bn - Ba → Bi Cn - Ca → Ci to calculate incremental values in the directions of vertical and horizontal rotation. Thereafter, the calculations of Eqs. (1d) - (1e), (2d) - (2e) are performed to obtain Δ B, Δ C, and these are applied as inputs to the pulse distributor 105 every Δ T seconds. The numerical control unit 104 performs the calculations of Eqs. (3d) - (3e), (4d) - (4e) every Δ T seconds. When the condition Br = Cr = 0 is established, the numerical control unit performs the operations indicated by Xn - Xa → Xi Yn - Ya → Yi Zn - Za → Zi to calculate incremental values Xi, Yi, Zi along the respective three-dimensional axes from the point of intersection Pc to the machining starting point Ps. Then, in a similar manner, Δ X, Δ Y, Δ Z are found and applied as inputs to the pulse distributor 105 every Δ T seconds. When the condition Xr = Yr = Zr = 0 is established, the NC data reader 102 is caused to read the next block of NC data. The second path is subsequently machined by moving the tool along the second machining path on the basis of the NC data. The curved surface will eventually be machined if the foregoing operations are repeated. The foregoing is for a case where the position B in the direction of vertical rotation and the position C in the direction of horizontal rotation are entered from the NC tape as data specifying the direction of the central axis of the tool. However, the tool central axis vector (i, j, k) may be given instead of B and C. In such case, however, it is necessary to obtain the positions B, C in the directions of vertical and horizontal rotation from the tool central axis vector using the following equations prior to performing the calculations of (1) - (1e): In such case, the tool central axis vector arithmetic unit 110 is unnecessary [i.e., it is unnecessary to perform the calculations of Eqs. (6a) - (6c)]. Further, in the case described above, a pick-feed instruction is inserted into an NC program in advance, a pick-feed path is obtained automatically when the pick-feed instruction is read from the NC tape after the completion of machining along the first machining path, the tool is moved along the pick-feed path, and machining is subsequently performed along the second machining path. However, the present invention is not limited to such an arrangement. As an example, it can be arranged to enter data specifying a curved surface and data indicating a pick-feed, create NC data specifying a cutting path by using the curved surface data, obtain an NC tape by creating NC data for a pick-feed path through the above-described method on the basis of the data indicating the pick-feed, and machining the curved surface by loading the NC tape into an NC unit. Furthermore, it can be arranged to prepare in advance a series of NC data comprising cutting path NC data for moving a tool along the first machining path, cutting path NC data for moving the tool along the second machining path, and a pick-feed instruction inserted between these two types of NC data, feed the data into an NC tape creating unit, obtain a pick-feed path through the above-described method based on the pick-feed instruction to create NC data specifying the pick-feed path, substitute these NC data for the pick-feed instruction thereby to recreate an NC tape containing pick-feed path data in place of the pick-feed instruction, and machine the curved surface by loading the NC tape into an NC unit. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of such an embodiment for performing the present invention. Portions similar to those shown in Fig. 4 are designated by like reference symbols. Stored in the NC tape or memory 101 are a number of NC data comprising NC data specifying tool movement along the first machining path, NC data specifying tool movement along the second machining path, and a pick-feed instruction inserted between these two types of data. It should be noted that the data specifying the paths need not necessarily be NC data but can be position data specifying the end points of very small straight lines when a curve is expressed as a polygonal approximation in the form of very small straight lines, as well as data specifying the direction of the central axis of the tool. The NC data reader 102 reads NC data from the NC tape 101 one block at a time and stores the data in the input memory 103. Note that the input memory is designed to be capable of storing two blocks of path data. An NC tape creating processor 201 determines whether the present block of NC data stored in the input memory 103 is a pick-feed instruction. If it is not, the NC data are delivered as is to an NC data output unit (paper tape puncher, magnetic tape unit, etc.) 202, after which the NC data reader 102 is made to read the next block of NC data. If the NC data stored in the input memory 103 are indicative of a pick-feed instruction, on the other hand, then the NC tape creating processor 201 causes the NC data reader 102 to read the next block of NC data, namely the three-dimensional position data Xn, Yn, Zn indicative of the machining starting point Ps on the second machining path, and the position data Bn, Cn in the directions of vertical and horizontal rotation, and to store these data in the input memory 103. Note that the three-dimensional position data Xa, Ya, Za indicative of the machining end point Pe on the first machining path and the position data Ba, Ca in the directions of vertical and horizontal rotation have also been stored in the input memory 103. Thereafter, in response to a calculation start signal from the NC tape creating processor 201, the tool central axis vector arithmetic unit 110 obtains the tool central axis vector (ia, ja, ka) at the present position (machining end point Pe on the first machining path PT1) from Eqs. (6a) - (6c) by using the vertical rotation position Ba and horizontal rotation position Ca stored in the input memory 103, obtains the tool central axis vector (in, jn, kn) at the machining starting point Ps from Eqs. (6a) - (6c) by using the vertical rotation position Bn and horizontal rotation position Cn at the machining starting point Ps stored in the input memory 103, and stores these vectors in the vector memory 111. The approach plane arithmetic unit 112 and intersection arithmetic unit 113 then perform the above-described calculations to obtain three-dimensional coordinate values (Xc, Yc, Zc) of the point of intersection Pc. These are applied as inputs to the NC tape creating processor 201. When the three-dimensional coordinate values of the point of intersection PC are applied, the NC tape creating processor 201 creates positioning data G01 XXc, YYc, ZZc; for effecting positioning from the machining end point Pe to the point of intersection Pc. These data are delivered to the NC data output unit 202. Next, the NC tape creating processor 201 rotates the tool in the vertical and horizontal directions at the point of intersection Pc, creates rotation direction positioning data G01 BBn, CCn; for bringing the tool central axis vector into coincidence therewith at the machining starting point Ps, and delivers these data to the NC data output unit 202. Thereafter, the NC tape creating processor 201 creates positioning data G01 XXn, YYn, ZZn; for moving the tool linearly from the point of intersection Pc to the machining starting point Ps. These data are delivered to the NC data output unit 202. At the same time, the next block of NC data is read by the NC data reader 102, on the basis of which NC data the foregoing processing is repeated. In this manner, an NC tape 203 for creating the curved surface is created. Note that the NC data are assumed to be created in the form of absolute data. The NC data stored on the NC tape 203 created through the foregoing processing are read by an NC unit 204, which proceeds to execute NC processing based on the read NC data. More specifically, a pick-feed is carried out after cutting is performed along the first machining path, cutting is implemented along the second machining path after the pick-feed, and the foregoing operations are subsequently repeated to machine the curved surface. The circuitry enclosed by the dashed line in Figs. 4 and 5 can be constituted by a microcomputer. In such case the flowcharts of the processing executed by the processors would be as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, respectively. The present invention also is applicable to a case where the inner product of the tool central axis vectors at the first machining path end point and second machining path starting point is positive. According to the present invention as described above, a pick-feed path can be obtained in a simple manner and a situation in which a tool strikes a workpiece when a pick-feed is performed can be eliminated. Moreover, the length of the pick-feed stroke can be reduced and machining time shortened. In addition, NC data can be created in a simple manner to perform processing for obtaining the pick-feed path and to pick-feed the tool along the path Pe → Pc → Ps.

Claims: A machining method of a machine tool having axes of rotation for performing a first machining operation by moving a tool (TL) relative to a workpiece (WK) along a first cutting path (PT1) from a starting point (Ps) to an end point (Pe) while directing the central axis of the tool (TL) either normal to the workpiece (WK) or oriented in a direction having a prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the workpiece (WK), thereafter pick-feeding the tool, performing a second machining operation after the pick-feed by moving the tool relative to the workpiece (WK) along a second cutting path (PT2) from a starting point (Ps) to an end point (Pe) in a direction opposite to that of the abovementioned machining direction, while directing the central axis of the tool (TL) either normal to the workpiece (WK) or oriented in a direction having said prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the workpiece (WK), and repeating these machining operations and the pick-feed operation to perform desired machining, characterized by calculating the pick-feed path by a first step of determining a plane tangential to the curve of the external shape of the workpiece (WK) at the starting point (Ps) of the second cutting path (PT2) by using three-dimensional position data (Xn,Yn,Zn) at this machining starting point (Ps) and also tool central axis direction data at this same machining starting point (Ps), whereat the tool central axis is directed either normal to the workpiece (WK) or oriented in a direction having said prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the workpiece (WK), a second step of determining whether the surface of the workpiece (WK) in the vicinity of the first cutting path end point (Pe) and the second cutting path starting point (Ps) is concave or convex, if the curved surface of the workpiece is concave a third step of obtaining an approach plane (AP) containing said first cutting path end point (Pe) and lying parallel to the plane obtained in said first step, and a fourth step of obtaining the point of intersection (Pc) between said approach plane (AP) and a straight line passing through the second cutting path starting point (Ps) and coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool (TL) at said second cutting path starting point (Ps), the resultant path Pe → Pc → Ps serving as the pick-feed path between the first and second cutting paths (PT1 and PT2), and the same calculation steps being employed to determine the pick-feed paths between subsequent pairs of adjacent cutting paths. A machining method of a machine tool having axes of rotation for performing a first machining operation by moving a tool (TL) relative to a workpiece (WK) along a first cutting path (PT1) from a starting point (Ps) to an end point (Pe) while directing the central axis of the tool (TL) either normal to the workpiece (WK) or oriented in a direction having a prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the workpiece (WK), thereafter pick-feeding the tool, performing a second machining operation after the pick-feed by moving the tool relative to the workpiece (WK) along a second cutting path (PT2) from a starting point (Ps) to an end point (Pe) in a direction opposite to that of the abovementioned machining direction while directing the central axis of the tool (TL) either normal to the workpiece (WK) or oriented in a direction having said prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the workpiece (WK), and repeating these machining operations and the pick-feed operation to perform desired machining, characterised by calculating the pick-feed path by a first step of determining a plane tangential to the curve of the external shape of the workpiece (WK) at the starting point (Ps) of the second cutting path (PT2) by using three-dimensional position data (Xn,Yn,Zn) at this machining starting point (Ps) and also tool central axis direction data at this same machining starting point (Ps), whereat the tool central axis is directed either normal to the workpiece (WK) or oriented in a direction having said prescribed angle of inclination with respect to the normal to the workpiece (WK), a second step of determining whether the surface of the workpiece (WK) in the vicinity of the first cutting path end point (Pe) and the second cutting path starting point (Ps) is concave or convex, if the curved surface of the workpiece is convex a third step of adopting the plane obtained at said first step as an approach plane (AP), and a fourth step of obtaining the point of intersection (Pc) between said approach plane (AP) and a straight line passing through the first cutting path end point (Pe) and coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool (TL) at said first cutting path end point (Pe), the resultant path Pe → Pc → Ps serving as the pick-feed path between the first and second cutting paths (PT1 and PT2) and the same calculation steps being employed to determine the pick-feed paths between subsequent pairs of adjacent cutting paths. A machining method of a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by having a step of orienting, at said point (Pc), the central axis of the tool (TL) in a commanded direction at the next machining starting point (Ps). A machining method of a machine tool according to any preceding claim, characterized in that said second step comprises obtaining a point (Pc') at which the straight line coinciding with the direction of the central axis of the tool (TL) and passing through the machining end point (Pe) intersects the plane obtained at said first step, determining whether the direction of a vector pointing from the machining end point (Pe) to said point (Pc') coincides with the direction of a vector of the central axis of the tool (TL) at said machining end point (Pe), and rendering a decision to the effect that the curved surface of the workpiece is concave in case of non-coincidence and convex in case of coincidence. A machining method of a machine tool according to any preceding claim, characterized by creating NC data for moving the tool (TL) along said pick-feed path obtained, and pick-feeding the tool (TL) on the basis of said NC data. A machining method of a machine tool according to claim 5, characterized by creating an NC program of path data for said first and second cutting paths (PT1,PT2), and path data for pick-feeding the tool (TL) along said pick-feed path. A machining method of a machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by inserting beforehand a pick-feed instruction between path data for said first cutting path (PT1) and path data for said second cutting path (PT2), generating said pick-feed path in response to said pick-feed instruction, and pick-feeding the tool (TL) along said pick-feed path.

Inventors: KISHI, HAJIMU, TANAKA, KUNIO
Applicants: FANUC LTD.
Application year: 1984
Main classification: B23Q15
IPC codes: G05B19