AUTOMAT LOCATION SYSTEM

Abstract: An open end spinning machine comprises openable spin boxes (20) each with a respective rail element (24) and a mov­ able spin box cover (20). A service tender (16) movable past the boxes has a guide (238) adapted to engage the rail element of a box both when the box is closed and open.

Description: The present invention relates to systems for driving, guiding and locating relatively moving parts. The invention will be illustrated by reference to a system for driving, guiding and locating a service tender relative to a textile machine, in particular an open end spinning machine. However, the invention is not limited to this specific use. Several aspects are of quite general application, and even the more limited aspects can be used in textile machines other than open end spinning machines, e.g. automatic winders and filament texturising machines. The invention is most directly applicable to control of movements of a service tender relative to a stationary machine; however, several aspects will be equally applicable to a system in which the service device is held stationary and operating stations of the machine are moved relative to it, as is the case for example in several designs of automatic winder. It is now conventional practice to provide a service tender or carriage to travel along multi-station thread-processing machines (e.g. spinning machines, winders, twisters, etc.) the tender being adapted to perform predetermined service operations on a selected station. For this purpose, the tender must be moved, guided and finally accurately located relative to the in­ dividual selected station. It is common practice extending over many years to move the tender to and fro past the operating stations at a relatively high running speed until a call signal is re­ ceived from a station requiring service. The tender is then slowed down to a crawling speed as it approaches the calling station, this lower speed facilitating the subse­ quent locating operation - see e.g. U.S. specification 3810352. Various systems have been proposed for the locating operation itself. The system described in U.S. 3810352 apparently relies on a trip switch applying a braking force via a drive motor. Such a system is unlikely to produce exact relative location of the relevant parts. Other systems have relied upon positive retention of the tender, e.g. by detent mechanisms as shown in U.S. specification 3911657 (fig. 4) and U.S. 4041684. Apart from the obvious disadvantages of substantial wear on the interengaging mechanical parts, so that the accu­ racy of the location operation must deteriorate over time, there is the problem of tolerances in assembly relative to the associated operating stations. The detent mechanisms cannot usually be incorporated into the operating sta­ tions themselves but must be built into the guide struc­ ture for the carriage, so that there is a substan­ tial distance between the location "marker" and the station at which the final service operations are actu­ ally to be performed. The same comments apply to systems, such as those shown in U.S. specification 3374616 and GB 1126214, in which the final locating movements of the tender itself are caused by mechani­ cal interengagement of "centering mechanisms". The arrangements disclosed in claims 1 to 39 enable the above disadvantages to be avoided. By means of suitable control signals, the relatively moving parts are driven into alignment with one another and they remain freely movable relative to each other throughout the loca­ tion operation. Only after completion of the location operation, and only when necessary in dependence on the subsequent operation to be performed, are the relatively movable parts secured against further movement relative to each other. The signals generated include in particu­ lar directional signals indicating the required direction of relative movement in order to bring the parts into alignment, but additional signals may be generated as required in dependence upon specific circumstances, as explained below with reference to the illustrated embodi­ ments. As explained above, a service tender is conventionally decelerated before a final locating operation. The de­ celeration phase is generally initiated by the call sig­ nal received from the operating station or, in the case of the system described in US Patent 3911657, by the con­ junction of the call signal and a position indicating notch. However, tolerances in the overall system, more particularly ambiguities in the call signals, can lead to substantial variations in the spacing between the final location of the tender and the point at which braking was initiated. Proposals to overcome this prob­ lem are set forth in claims 40 to 52. In general, the braking phase is not initiated by reference to a call signal from an operating station, but by reference to a position marker, the position of which relative to the final location of the tender can be accurately de­ termined, and which enables completion of braking before the final location is reached. Claims 53 to 61 show arrangements which improve the flexibility of a service tender by enabling it to derive information from a calling station regarding the operating state of that station. It is already generally known to make the obedience of a service tender to a call signal dependent upon additional information, e.g. regarding the presence or absence of a feed sliver in an open end spinning machine. According to the present proposals, such additional information is desirably derived from the condition of the cradle arm holding a package of yarn formed during operation of the relevant station. Finally, as is well described in the introduction to U.S. specification 3651628, the guidance and drive sys­ tem for a service tender can present significant prob­ lems. Claims 62 to 67 present solutions to the problem of movability of guide elements in the machine. Claims 68 to 86 present solutions to the problem of driving a car­ riage portion of a service tender around a curved por­ tion of a rail suspension system. As outlined above, the present invention has various aspects. These aspects can be applied separately de­ pending upon operating circumstances. They can, how­ ever, advantageously be combined as will be explained below in the course of description of the various il­ lustrated embodiments of the above mentioned aspects of the invention. In the drawings - Fig 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of an open end spinning machine to which the in­ vention can be applied, Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic front elevation of a face plate of a spinning unit suitable for the machine of Fig. 1, Fig 3 is a side view of the plate shown in Fig. 3, Fig 4 is an underplan of a rail element shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and Figs. 4A, B and C show use of the illustrated loca­ ting "marker", Fig 5 is an underplan of a locating device suitable for use with the rail element of Figs. 2 to 4, Fig 6 is a section through the device of Fig. 5, Fig 7 shows a detail taken from Fig. 6 and viewed from a different direction, Fig 8 is a block diagram of an electrical control system suitable for use with a locating device as shown in Figs. 5 to 7, Figs. 8A and 8B showing waveforms at different points in the circuit, Fig. 9 is a circuit and signal diagram show­ ing one way of using a locating device such as that shown in Figs. 5 to 7, Fig. 10 is a highly diagrammatic elevation of one spinning station of an open end spinning machine such as that shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 10A showing an associated electrical detail, Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic plan view of several adjacent spinning stations such as those shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 12 and 13 are diagrammatic plan views of wheel assemblies for a service tender, Fig. 14 is a sectioned elevation of a wheel as­ sembly as shown in Figs. 12 and 13, Fig. 15 is a plan view of a wheel assembly as shown in Fig. 14, Figs. 16 and 17 show a sectioned elevation and plan respectively of a securing means for securing a service tender to a rail structure, Fig. 18 shows further details of a tender guide system, and Fig. 19 shows further details of one block of Fig. 8, Fig. 19A showing an idealised deceleration diagram based on the circuit of Fig. 19 and the layout of Fig. 11. GENERAL Open end spinning machine 10 is an elongated structure having two rows of spinning stations 12 ranged on oppo­ site sides of the machine. It is current conventional practice to provide approximately 100 spinning stations per machine side. The stations are designed to operate independently of one another, each receiving its own feed of fibre material and processing its feed to pro­ duce a yarn which is wound into a package. When the package at a particular station reaches a substantially predetermined length, the spinning operation at that station can be stopped and a package can be "doffed". In this doffing operation, the package is removed from its normal operating position in the spinning station and is transferred to a conveyer 14 which runs along the centre of the machine and transfers the package to one end there­ of. A fresh bobbin tube can then be mounted in the operative position in the respective spinning station 12, and the spinning operation at that station can be re­ started. Occasionally, the thread at a particular station will break before completion of winding of a package of the required length. When this occurs, a "piecing" opera­ tion must be carried out. In this operation, the broken end from the package and the feed material are brought together under carefully controlled conditions in the actual spinning unit of the spinning station, so that the continuous spinning operation is thereby re­ started. The most likely cause of a thread break is accumulation of dirt in the spinning unit. It is therefore currently common practice to carry out "pre­ ventive maintenance" involving interruption of the spin­ ning operation, even though that operation is currently performing satisfactorily, and cleaning of the spinning unit. Following such a preventive maintenance operation, a normal piecing operation must be carried out because of the intentional thread break caused by the interup­ tion. Details of all of the above operations are well known in the spinning art, and it is not believed necessary to repeat them in this specification. By way of example only, reference may be made to U.S. specification 4125990 for description of a doffing operation, to U.S. specifica­ tion 3810352, for description of a piecing operation, and to German specification 2546436 for description of a pre­ ventive maintenance operation. The above cited references are not to be taken in any way as exclusive. Many other specifications, and much relevant literature, could be cited to show similar or alternative systems for performing the various operations outlined above. The cited references do, however, show the currently conventional practice of performing these operations by means of one or more patrolling service tenders. Such a tender is indicated schematically at 16 in Fig. 1 and it is suspended from a U-shaped rail ex­ tending along both sides and around one end of the machine 10. In order to avoid unnecessary detail in the present spe­ cification, it will be assumed that tender 16 is designed to perform all of the operations outlined above. The invention is equally applicable to alternative systems, also known in the art, in which separate tenders are pro­ vided for performing the individual operations, such as piecing and doffing. The illustrated tender 16 runs back and forth from one end of its rail 18 to the other, the direction of move­ ment of the tender being reversed at each rail end. This can be effected, for example, by a simple trip switch at each rail end. If all spinning stations are spinning, then the tender will maintain its continuous movement back and forth without interruption. However, it will be scanning the stations during such movement, and when it detects a "disturbance" at one station, it will stop and perform an appropriate operation at that station. The "disturbance" may be completion of a package, an unde­ sired thread break or interruption of spinning because preventive maintenance is due. A signalling system for indicating the disturbance to the tender will be describ­ ed below. Whichever operation is to be performed, how­ ever, the tender 16 must locate accurately relative to the appropriate station and a system for enabling this will now be described with a reference to figures 2 to 7. SPINNING UNITS Firstly, some parts of the locating system provided on the individual spinning units of the machine itself will be described with reference to figs. 2 to 4. Figure 2 shows in elevation the front face of one spinning unit. A face plate 20 is secured by any suitable means (not shown) to a carrier portion 22 at the bottom edge of the plate. Carrier portion 22 is secured by a suitable mounting (not shown) in the structure of the machine 10. The mounting permits pivotal movement of the carrier 22 about an axis extending longitudinally of the machine, thus permitting pivotal movement of the plate 20 as indicated by the arrows in fig. 3. A latch (not shown) is provided to hold the plate 20 in the vertical position shown in fig. 3, in which position the spinning unit is closed. Upon releasing the latch, the plate 20, and its carrier 22, will pivot in a clockwise direction as viewed in fig. 3, thereby opening the unit to give access to the opera­ ting parts therein. Since none of those parts is rele­ vant to the present invention, no further description of the interior of the spinning unit will be included in this specification. The principles of a mounting sys­ tem can be seen from US Patent Specification 3511045. In addition to plate 20, carrier 22 supports a rail ele­ ment 24 extending longitudinally of the machine. When the spinning unit is closed, rail 24 presents a surface 26 disposed in a vertical plane as seen in fig. 3. When spinning units on one side of the machine 10 are closed, the surfaces 26 on their respective rail ele­ ment 24 are disposed in substantially the same vertical plane. These surfaces 26 provide a guide surface for one or more rollers (not shown) provided on the tender 16 and serving to support the tender against any tendency to swing on its suspension from rail 18. LOCATING MARKERS As can be appreciated from figs. 3 and 4 taken together, the rail member 24 is of an inverted L-shape in cross section, the vertical leg of the L being joined to the carrier member 22 by struts 28 (fig. 4). The face 26 is therefore provided on the horizontal leg of the L. Adjacent one end of the element 24, and integral there­ with, is a locating element 30. As best seen in fig. 4, element 30 is triangular in plan with the base of the triangle merging into the vertical leg of the L-shaped rail element 24. The "peak" of the triangle is flatten­ ed and the resulting surface 32 is disposed inwardly (with regard to the machine 10) of the guide surface 26. Surface 32 merges with side surfaces 34 and 36 respective­ ly which are disposed at predetermined equal angles with respect to the guide surface 26. Fig. 2 also shows the sliver inlet 38 through which fibre sliver is fed into the interior of the spinning unit in use. The sliver must be fed to the inlet 38 between the rail element 24 and the carrier 22, and a guide opening 40 is provided for this purpose. Nume­ ral 42 in Fig. 2 indicates a signal lamp indicating a "disturbance" in a spinning unit. As will be further described later, the tender 16 is arranged to respond to this lamp. PROFILE SENSOR Consider now the diagrams of Figs. 4A, B and C in which the profiled locating element (or "marker") 30 is shown in conjunction with a profile sensor. The latter is represented in the diagrams by a pair of similar con­ tact elements 31, 33 mounted on a common carrier (not (not shown in Fig. 4). The sensor is assumed to approach the element 30 from the left as viewed in Fig. 4, but it will be clear from the following description that the principle of operation is applicable equally to approach from the right. During the approach phase, the contact elements are located to engage surface 34 without con­ tacting the vertical leg of the rail element 24. The carrier has a "normal" disposition during approach to the locating element such that an identifiable, ima­ ginary axis 35 joining the contact elements extends parallel to the direction of approach. A second ima­ ginary axis 37 can be defined at right angles to the first and midway between the elements 31, 33. When the leading contact element, 33 in Fig. 4, engages the locating element 30, the carrier continues to move in its original direction. Element 33 moves onto sur­ face 32. Due to the contact of element 33 with ele­ ment 30, the carrier is forced to rotate so that axis 35 is shifted out of its disposition parallel to the direc­ tion of the (main) translatory movement of the carrier. After the trailing contact element, 31 in Fig. 4, has engaged the locating element, continued translatory movement of the carrier in its original direction must be accompanied by an "auxiliary" translatory movement at right angles to the main direction as the trailing ele­ ment also moves towards the surface 32. The continued movement of the carrier in its original direction also causes rotational return of the axis 35 towards its normal disposition. The profile of locating element 30 is symmetrical about an imaginary axis 39 normal to the surface 32. Hence, due to the similarity of the contact elements 31, 33, the axis 35 re-attains its normal disposition when axis 37 aligns with axis 39, the contact elements then being equally spaced to either side of the axis 39. Ideally, the carrier stops immediately in this position, without overrun. The ro­ tational shift of axis 35 is therefore cancelled when the location operation is perfect, but due to the auxi­ liary translation, the axis 35 has been shifted through a distance m from the root towards the peak of element 30. A location operation can be performed by reference to these shifts of the imaginary axes 35, 37. A device for this purpose is illustrated in Figs. 5 to 7. LOCATING DEVICE In the underplan shown in Fig. 5, numeral 44 indicates a part fixed in the body of the tender 16 at a height approximately corresponding to the elements 22 and 24 described above. The directions of movement of the tender 16 are indicated by the double-headed arrow A in Fig. 5, and the spinning units with their respective rail elements 24 are assumed to lie beyond the upper edge of Fig. 5. Part 44 has a recess 46 providing a guide for the 48 of the locating device. Body 48 carries four rollers 50 which run on guide surfaces provided on the part 44 to enable back and forth movement of the body 48 in the directions indicated by the double-headed arrow B, i.e. at right angles to the directions of movement of the tender 16. Body 48 is biased by a compression spring 52 into an "extended" position as shown in Fig. 5; in this position, the body 48 is at the limit of its permitted movement upwards as viewed in Fig. 5, i.e. in the direction of approach towards the spinning units. The body 48 can be withdrawn into its recess 46, against the bias of the spring 52, by energisation of an electro­ magnet 54, as will be described further hereinafter. For convenience, the side of the body 48 adjacent the spinning units, i.e. at the top as viewed in Fig. 5, will be referred to hereinafter as the "front"; correspond­ ingly, the side to the bottom as viewed in Fig. 5, en­ gaged by the spring 52, will be referred to as the "back". Aprinted circuit board 56 is releasably secured to the back wall of the body 48 by any suitable means, details of which have been omitted. Board 56 carries four photo­ detector devices P, L, O and R respectively. As best seen in Fig. 6, each of these devices (the device O being shown by way of example only) has a pair of forwardly projecting arms 62, 64 respectively, with an intervening recess 66. A light emitting device 58 is provided in one of the arms and a light sensitive device 60 is provided in the other arm, the two devices facing each other across the recess 66, so that the photo sensor receives light from its corresponding photo emittor unless passage of the light across the recess is blocked. As can be seen from Figs. 5 and 6 taken together, the front wall of the body 48 has a forwardly projecting "step" 68, the depth of which is much less than the depth of the main body 48. As best seen in Fig. 5, the step 68 tapers in the forward direction to a blunt "leading" edge 70. Formed integrally with this leading edge 70 is a socket 72 having a stepped bore receiving the bearings of a profile sensing device now to be des­ cribed. PROFILE SENSOR The device comprises a turntable 74 located in an appro­ priate recess in the step 68. Turntable 74 is rotatab­ ly supported in socket 72 by means of a supporting stud 76 and the aforementioned bearings 78. Within the body 48, turntable 74 carries a stepped leaf 80 which is se­ cured to the turntable by both the stud 76 and an addi­ tional pin 82 so that the leaf must rotate about the axis of the stud 76 with the turntable. On the outside of the body 48 and projecting upwardly from the step 68, turntable 74 carries two rollers 84, 86 respectively. Each roller is rotatably mounted by bearings 88 on a respective stud 90 which is fixedly secured to the turntable 74. As can be seen from Figs. 6 and 7, a line ("axis 35") joining the axes of the studs 90 intersects the axis of the stud 76. This line is disposed at right angles to the longitudinal centre line ("axis 37") of the leaf 80 which passes through the axis of the stud 76 and the pin 82. In the absence of any deviating forces on the turntable 74, the latter will adopt a "normal" disposition with the leaf 80 oriented as shown in full lines in Fig. 5. This normal disposition of the turntable 74 and leaf 80 is defined by compression springs 92 and 94 (Fig. 5) each of which is secured at one end to the leaf 80 and at its other end to studs 96 secured on opposite sides of the leaf 80. The mounting of one stud 96 is shown in Fig. 6 to comprise a strap 98 and screw 100 securing the strap to the body 48. Details of this mounting have been omit­ ted, but the arrangement is such as to permit the springs to resist deviating forces applied to the turntable 74 by the contact rollers 84, 86 as will be further des­ cribed below. Such deviating forces can pivot the leaf 80 in either direction away from its illustrated dispo­ sition, e.g. into the disposition indicated in dotted lines 80A in Fig. 5. It will be seen from Fig. 5 that the photo detectors L, O and R are arranged in a row adjacent the free end of the leaf 80 when the latter is in its normal dis­ position. Detector O may be considered to have an ima­ ginary centre line parallel to the plane of the draw­ ing in Figs. 6 and located midway between the side edges of the forwardly projecting arms 62 and 64 when those arms are viewed in plan (Fig. 5). This centre line of the detector O is aligned with the longitudinal centre line of the leaf 80 when the latter is in its normal dis­ position. The detectors L and R may also be considered to have such centre lines, these being equally spaced on opposite sides of the centre line of the detector O. The mounting for detector O includes suitable packing pieces so that this detector projects slightly further forwardly from board 56 than the detectors L and R. Leaf 80 projects deeply into the recess 66 of the de­ tector O, blocking passage of light between the arms of the detector except when the leaf is in or near its normal disposition, at which time a rectangular slot 102 in the leaf permits the said passage of light. This slot cannot be seen in the full line illustration of the leaf 80 in Fig. 5 because it is then hidden by the arm 64 of the corresponding photo detector O. The slot can however be seen in the dotted line position 80A of the leaf. The dimension (Z) of the slot transverse to the longitudinal axis of the leaf is closely defined. In its normal disposition, leaf 80 projects partly into the recess 66 of the photo detector L but not enough to interfere with transmission of light in that photo de­ tector. Because of the symmetrical arrangement of the detectors, the leaf 80 projects to the same extent into the recess 66 of the photo detector R, also without blocking transmission of light. Accordingly, when the leaf 80 is in its normal disposition, photo detectors O, L and R provide identical outputs which are supplied to further processing circuitry (to be described below) by leads (not shown) extending through a duct 104 which passes through the wall of body 48 and is secured within the body by means of a strap 106 (Fig. 6, omitted from Fig. 5). Assume now that the body 48 is in its extended position as shown in Fig. 5, and the tender is moving along one side of the machine 10 as viewed in Fig. 1, i.e. the body 48 is being moved in one or other of the directions indicated by the double headed arrow A in Fig. 5. Due to the suspension of the tender 16, the locating ele­ ments 30 (Figs. 2 to 4) will lie in the path of move­ ment of the contact rollers 84 and 86. When it is de­ sired to stop the tender 16 in alignment with a particu­ lar station 12, the location operation is enabled by interaction between the element 30 associated with that station and the contact rollers 84 and 86, in accord­ ance with the principles described with reference to Fig. 4, rollers 84, 86 providing the contact elements (31, 33) previously referred to. However, it is clearly undesirable to have contact be­ tween the rollers 84, 86 and the locating elements 30 of stations at which no operation is to be performed, since the tender 16 will pass such stations at full speed without stopping. Accordingly, in the "running" condition of the tender, in which no operation is to be performed, the electro magnet 54 is energised to with­ draw the body 48 slightly into the recess 46 to a degree sufficient to enable the rollers 84 and 86 to clear the peaks 32 of the elements 30 at stations which are simply passed by the tender. However, when the tender receives a "disturbance" signal from the signal lamp 42 of a par­ ticular station (and certain further signals which will be further described below), the electro magnet 54 is de-­ energised to enable the spring 52 to move the body 48 to its extended position. Under the previously assumed conditions, therefore, such a disturbance signal has been received and the rollers 84, 86 are approaching the locat­ ing element 30 of a station at which an operation is to be performed (a "calling station"). Movement of the body 48 to its extended position occurs after the rollers 84, 86 have passed by the locating ele­ ment 30 of the station preceding the calling station (considered in the current direction of movement of the tender 16) and before the rollers have reached the locat­ ing element 30 of the calling station. Accordingly, one or other of these rollers, depending upon the current dir­ ection of movement of the tender 16, will engage the re­ levant locating element 30 first; by way of example only, assume that the roller 84 engages first in the present case. After receiving and processing appropriate signals from the calling station, the tender 16 will decelerate so that by the time the roller 84 reaches the locating ele­ ment 30, the tender will be moving at a predetermined "crawling" speed which is substantially less than its normal running speed. The tender will, however, still be moving in its original direction of movement and it will continue to move in that same direction at the crawling speed awaiting signals from the locating de­ vice. The mechanical means enabling production of these signals will be described first with reference to Figs. 5 to 7, and the electrical system and the processing of these signals will then be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9. LOCATING SIGNALS In its approach movement to the desired location, the roller 84 first strikes one or other of the side surfaces 34, 36 of the locating element 30. The tender continues its crawling movement in the original direction. The for­ ward bias applied by the compression spring 52 is much greater than the centering bias applied by the springs 92, 94. Accordingly, turntable 74 is rotated on its stud 76 and the leaf 80 pivots away from its normal position. The outputs of the detectors L, O and R are changed in a sense indicating the direction of pivoting of the leaf 80. The control system responds to this "out of symmetry" signal to cause continued movement of the tender in the original direction. Eventually, therefore, roller 86 also comes into engage­ ment with the locating element 30 on the face originally contacted by the roller 84. Further movement of the ten­ der in its original direction of travel forces body 48 backwards into recess 46 against spring 52. The roller 84 rides over the surface 32 and comes into contact with the other face of the locating element. Gradually, there­ fore, leaf 80 is permitted to return to its normal posi­ tion, indicating equal spacing of the rollers 84 and 86 to either side of the axis 39. If possible, the con­ trol system immediately stops the tender with the rollers in this position. In the event of a slight overrun, however, leaf 80 will be pivoted in the opposite sense as the roller 86 attempts to ride onto the surface 32. The corresponding out of symmetry signals from the detec­ tors L, O and R will cause reversal of the drive of the tender to bring it back into the desired location with the rollers equally spaced to either side of the axis 39. At this stage, the body 48 will be retracted very slightly into its recess 46 because engagement of both rollers with the locating element 30 inevitably causes slight compression of the spring 52. In this condition, a "flag" 108, fixed to the part 44 and projecting into the housing 48 through a slot 110, is located in the re­ cess 66 of the photo detector P (Fig. 5). The flag 108 has a slot (not shown) which permits light to pass be­ tween the arms 62, 64 of the detector when the slot is suitably located relative to those arms. When the body 48 is in its extended position (i.e. during the approach to the locating element 30), the slot in flag 108 is not aligned with the photo emittor/receiver system. However, movement of body 48 to its slightly retracted position with the rollers engaging opposite side faces of the locating element 30 causes movement of the flag slot to the required position, producing a corresponding indica­ tion from detector P. MOTOR CONTROL We turn now to a description of the processing and con­ trol circuitry shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Figure 8 shows the motor M for the tender 16. The motor M is an asynchron­ ous electric motor energised from a single phase of an AC supply G. The stator windings of the motor M are arranged in a known manner for reversible operation. For this purpose, one side of the supply G is connected to the terminal U on the motor and the other side of the supply is connected in operation either via the switching device SR to the terminal V, or via the switching device SL to the terminal W. The motor M rotates in opposite directions depending upon whether it is supplied via the terminal V or the terminal W. The motor speed can be controlled by adjusting the por­ tion of a complete supply cycle over which the motor is actually connected to the supply. For example, if Fig. 8A is taken to illustrate one cycle of the power supply G, then the appropriate switching device SR or SL may be operated to connect the motor M to the supply G over only the shaded portion of each half-cycle. The "firing point" of the switching device is adjustable to vary the selected portion of each half-cycle, thereby varying the energy sent to the motor and thus its out­ put speed. Change of condition of the switching units SL and SR is effected by firing units FL and FR respectively which provide the energy required to change the condition of the switches. The latter may, for example, be thyristor type switches, e.g. triacs. The timing of operation of the firing units FL and FR is controlled by respective timing units TL and TR. Each timing unit receives two inputs. One input is derived from the supply G via the synchronising wave form generator SW. The wave forms supplied to the timing units TL and TR by the generator SW are, however, different. As shown in Fig. 8B, the wave form (ℓ) supplied to the timing unit TL is in the form of a sawtooth wave with a virtually instantaneous decline from the peak to the trough of the sawtooth. The wave form (r) supplied to the timing unit TR is the in­ version of the wave form (ℓ). As also shown in Fig. 8B, these wave forms have different average bias levels such that it is possible to define an intervening "neutral" level cn which does not intersect either wave form. The second input to each timing unit TL and TR is derived from a regulator RG as a variable selected level. If the regulator RG provides an output at the level cn, neither of the timing units TL and TR will respond, so that the firing units FL and FR will not be operated and hence both switches SL and SR will remain in the closed con­ dition so that no energy is supplied to the motor M. If, however, the level of the output from regulator RG is raised above the level cn shown in Fig. 8B, the control level will begin to intersect the wave form (r) and the timing unit TR will respond accordingly. If, for example, the control output supplied by regulator RG rises to the level cr shown in Fig. 8B, then timing unit TR will be switched on at the point X at which the control inter­ sects the inclined edge of the wave form (r) and will be switched off at the point Y at which the control intersects the vertical edge of the same wave form. Accordingly, if each tooth of the waveform (r) cor­ responds with one half-cycle of the power supply G, then switching of the timing unit TR accurately controls the power supply to the motor as already described with reference to Fig. 8A. By shifting the output from regulator RG downwardly rela­ tive to the level cn shown in Fig. 8B, it is possible to select the other timing unit TL, and thus to "reverse" the direction of rotation of the motor. The speed of the motor in this "reverse" sense is determined by intersec­ tion of the regulator output from regulator RG with the waveform (ρ) in a manner similar to that described for the waveform (r). The regulating output from regulator RG determines both the direction of rotation of the motor M, depending upon the direction of deviation of the reference output from the "neutral" level cn in Fig. 8B, and the speed of rotation of the motor M, depending upon the inter­ section points of the regulator output with the syn­ chronising waveform. The regulator RG is a known type of feedback regulator, receiving an input on a feedback loop from the motor M via an intermediate device Q which provides a signal re­ presenting both the speed and direction of rotation of the motor M. Regulator RG compares this feedback signal with a variable setpoint signal c produced by the set­ point unit SP. As will be described further below, unit SP produces the required setpoint signal on the basis of signals it receives from a programmable controller PC and from a unit represented in Fig. 8 by the block LOC and corresponding with the locating device described above with reference to Figs. 5 to 7. In Fig. 8, the regulator RG and circuitry linking the regulator with the motor M are of a generally known type, as used, for example, by Schweiter Machine Works AG in control of the carousel-type automatic winders manufactured by that company. The operation of the set­ point unit is, however, specifically related to the locating system of the present invention, and will be described in further detail below. For ease of descrip­ tion, operation of unit SP in conjunction with unit LOC will first be dealt with. The effect of the programmable controller PC will be shown in detail later. LOCATING SIGNALS-EVALUATION Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of the device LOC, showing also possible signal outputs from this device during a locating operation and means for processing such outputs in the setpoint unit SP. As shown in Fig. 9, each photo detector of the locating device comprises a light emitting diode, the diodes being connected in series across a DC supply. Associated with each diode is a respective photo transistor, the output of which is taken via a suitable buffer stage to respective output terminals indicated by reference letters corresponding with the references indicating the detectors. In order to illustrate the principles involved, reference will be made to signals made up of "high" and "low" conditions at the terminals P, O, R and L. It will be understood that this is purely by way of example; the form of each signal will in practice depend upon the type of circuitry used to process it. Assume that the tender has been braked to the crawling speed, the body 48 has been moved to its extended posi­ tion (Fig. 5) and the locating device is approaching a locating element 30 upon which the tender is to locate. The leaf 80 (Fig. 5) is in its normal (full line) posi­ tion because neither of the rollers 84, 86 has yet reached the locating element. In the signal diagram in Fig. 9, these conditions are represented at the vertical axis; terminal P is high and terminals O, R and L are all low. At point a either roller 84 or 86 engages the relevant locating element, and leaf 80 is pivoted away from its normal position towards the dotted line position shown in Fig. 5. Assume the tender is moving towards the right; continued movement in the same direction is required, so that the output at terminal R goes high, the conditions of the other terminals remaining unchanged. At point b the output at terminal O goes high. At point d the ten­ der has reached a position in which both rollers are engaging the locating element 30. As described with reference to Fig. 5, body 48 has been forced back in­ to its recess 46 to an extent sufficient to enable flag 108 to change the state of the detector P. The output at terminal P goes low. Leaf 80 is now returning towards its normal position. At point e, it has returned sufficiently to change the state of the detector O so that the output at terminal O goes low. After a short delay, the purpose of which will be described further below and during which the leaf 80 continues its movement towards its normal pos­ ition, the output at terminal R goes low at point g. Each of terminals P, O, R and L is connected to a logic unit LU which forms part of the setpoint unit SP. As indicated on the upper part of the signal diagram, logic unit LU produces an output signal H when all of its in­ puts go low. In response to signal H, the setpoint unit SP supplies a signal c corresponding to the neutral level cn into Fig. 8B. The motor M therefore brakes the tender to a halt. The points a, b, d, e, g correspond to predetermined re­ lationships of the leaf 80 to the photo detectors O, R and L. These relationships correspond in turn to pre­ determined dispositions of the rollers 84, 86 in relation to the locating element 30. Accordingly, the points e and g correspond to predetermined tolerances in location of the tender 16 about a desired exact location (39, Fig. 4) represented in the signal diagram of Fig. 9 by the vertical dotted line. At point e, the tender is located within a desired maximum tolerance range from its exact position, and at point g the tender is located within a desired fine tolerance range from the exact position. The signal H is produced when the tender en­ ters the fine tolerance range. Assume now that the tender overruns the exact location by an amount sufficient to take it outside the defined maximum tolerances. The leaf 80 therefore begins to pivot away from its normal position in a direction oppo­ site to its direction of pivot during the approach phase. At point x, i.e. when the tender leaves the fine toler­ ance range, output L goes high. After a delay, terminal O goes high at point y. The logic unit LU cancels signal H at point y, i.e. when the tender leaves the maximum tolerance range. The control system responds to the cancellation of the signal H to restart operation of the motor to drive the tender back towards the desired location. The required direction of rotation of the motor for this purpose is indicated by the conditions of the terminals R and L, the latter being high and the former low. When the tender reenters the maximum tolerance range, terminal O again goes low, and when the tender enters the fine to­ lerance range, terminal L goes low. The signal H is again produced by logic unit LU and the motor again brings the tender to a halt. The tender should now re­ main within the fine tolerance range, and the signal H is produced continuously so that the tender remains sta­ tionary. If the tender does not overrun the desired loca­ tion following its first approach, then the signal H will be continuous after the point g as indicated by the dotted line continuation of the signal H shown in Fig. 9. As can be seen by comparison of Figs. 5 and 9, the maxi­ mum tolerance range (of width z) is defined by the slot 102 in the leaf 80. The size of this slot, and its posi­ tion relative to the longitudinal axis of the leaf 80 (and hence relative to detector O) are readily control­ lable. The fine tolerance range is determined by the positioning of the detectors L and R relative to the normal position of the leaf 80, and may prove to be less accurately controllable than the maximum tolerance range. The latter represents the maximum allowable tolerances in the location and must be set in depend­ ence upon the operational demands for which the system is designed. As will be explained further later, the dual tolerance range is desirable in view of mechanical aspects of the tender drive and suspension system. In the complete control system, setpoint unit SP must respond to other input information, most of which is passed to the unit SP by the programmable controller PC. Details of the interaction of the setpoint unit SP and the controller PC will be given later in connec­ tion with the more complete circuit diagram in Fig. 19. Before dealing with the more detailed circuitry, how­ ever, it is desirable to describe certain functions of the controller PC and in particular its relationships with "peripheral equipment" including various sensing devices which sense the states of the individual spinning stations as the tender passes those stations. INFLUENCE OF MACHINE TYPE In the description and the operation of the device thus far, there is no particular feature which limits its application to the open end spinning machine illustrated in Fig. 1. The system could equally be used, e.g. for control of a carousel-type automatic winder as previous­ ly referred to above. In such a winder, the servicing equipment (equivalent to the patrolling tender 16) is stationary and the operating positions are moved past the servicing equipment on a rotary turntable. Any selected position can be stopped in registry with the servicing equipment. In general, the locating device thus far described can be used for bringing any two relatively movable parts into desired registry. Where, however, the locating device is used with a system as shown in Fig. 1 in which the patrolling tender 16 is designed to perform all of the already mentioned servicing operations (cleaning, piecing and doffing), there are certain constraints which complicate the design of the overall control system, as will now be explained with initial reference to the diagrammatic representations in Figs. 10 and 11. SPINNING STATION STATES Fig. 10 is a highly diagrammatic representation of a single spinning station 12, showing also the tender 16 and its suspension rail 18. Numeral 122 indicates a can containing infeed sliver 124 which is drawn from the can into the spinning unit 126 where it is converted into a yarn 128. The yarn is drawn out of the unit 126 by rolls 125 and passes over guide 127 to be wound into a package 130. The package forms on a bobbin tube 132 held between arms 134, 136 (Fig. 11) secured to a carrier 138 in the machine structure. The tube 132 is rotatably carried in its arms 134, 136 and the package and tube are rotated during formation of the package by frictional contact with a friction roll 140 (Fig. 10) which is incorporated in the machine struc­ ture and driven by the machine. Carrier 138 is pivot­ able to move arms 134, 136 between a lowermost position enabling contact of an empty tube 132 with the friction roll 140, and an uppermost position in which even a pack­ age of the maximum dimensions for which the machine is designed will be spaced from the friction roll 140. The arms 134, 136 and carrier 138 together make up a package "cradle" which is part of a well-known "cradle mechanism" (not shown). The cradle mechanism includes a weighting or loading system which normally urges the cradle downwardly to apply a controlled winding press­ ure between a package and the friction roll. However, the cradle mechanism includes an over-centre system such that when the cradle is moved over the dead point of the over-centre system, the resilient bias of the weighting system will urge the cradle into a set upper position in which the cradle is stable. Such systems are shown, for example, in British Patent Specification 1349425. The representation of the tender 16 in Fig. 10 shows the outline of one end plate of the tender frame and the location of the centre of gravity CG such that the lower part of the tender is urged by gravity towards the rail elements 24. During running of the tender, longitudinal­ ly of the machine, all of the operating parts designed to perform service operations on a spinning station must be maintained within the outline shown in Fig. 10 to avoid interference between the running tender and the spinning stations. In this respect, the curved recess 142 in the upper part of the end plate, and the triangular recess 144 in the lower part thereof, are to be particularly noted. Recess 142 enables the tender to clear the ends of the arms 136. The purpose of the recess 144 will be explained further below. Fig. 11 shows in diagrammatic plan the relationship be­ tween the sizes of the tender 16 and the spinning stations 12 as viewed longitudinally of the machine. As shown there, the tender extends over slightly more than three spinning stations. After receiving a call signal from a station requiring service, the tender will locate itself with the calling station at about the mid-line of the tender. Thus, assuming that the tender is correctly located for performing service operations in Fig. 11, then such operations are to be performed on the spinning station 12B in that figure. CALL SIGNALS It will be recalled from the description of Fig. 2 that a call signal is issued by the signal lamp 42 of the cal­ ling station, and these lamps are located on the front face of each spinning station. It will be noted, firstly, that the lamp 42 is not located at the mid-line of its spinning station, but is adjacent the lefthand side thereof as viewed in Fig. 11. The call signal from a spinning station is detected on the tender 16 by a de­ tector 146 when the tender is moving to the left, as viewed in Fig. 11, and a detector 148 when the tender is moving to the right as viewed in Fig. 11. In order to allow for the offset of the lamp 42 relative to its spin­ ning station, the detectors 146, 148 are not disposed symmetrically relative to the mid-line of the tender 16, but are spaced so that the lamp 42 on the calling station lies midway between the detectors 146, 148 when the axes 37, 39 (see also Fig. 4C) are aligned. The call signal issued from the calling station indi­ cates to the tender that it should stop and perform ser­ vice operations at that particular station. Since, how­ ever, the tender is a multi-purpose unit, it requires further information from the calling station as to the particular service operation which is to be performed. There are a number of ways in which such additional in­ formation can be provided to the tender. For example, the call signal itself may be adapted to convey addi­ tional information. Assuming that the call signal is a light beam, the beam may be continuous or pulsed. A pulsed beam could, for example, indicate that one operation is required, and a continuous beam could in­ dicate that another operation is required. The tender has an additional detector 147 which re­ ceives the call signal after the tender has been cor­ rectly positioned and passes the received signal to detector circuitry (not shown) designed to determine whether a continuous or pulsed call signal is being emitted by the calling station. Since this forms part of the operating functions of the tender, and goes beyond the present invention, it will not be further described. The signal lamp 42 is also shown in Fig. 10 and an energisation system for this lamp is shown in Fig. 10A. The lamp is energisable via either of two "swit­ ches" 129, 131 respectively. Switch 129 is associated with a known form of yarn monitor 133 (Fig. 10) such that the switch changes condition when the yarn breaks or suffers a drop in tension. Switch 129 then closes until re-establishment of the normal yarn flow, and lamp 42 is correspondingly continuously lit until that time, giving a continuous "call" signal. Switch 131, which may be a semiconductor switch, is controllable from a microprocessor 135 in the machine. The latter is responsive to a length measuring means (not shown) so that the microprocessor receives a trigger signal when a predetermined length of yarn has been wound up in a package. A thread break is then induced and the spinning unit is stopped. The microprocessor feeds or causes feed of a pulsating signal to alternately "open" and "close" switch 131 so that lamp 42 emits a flashing "call" signal. In addition to detecting the type of operation required, it is also desirable for the tender to obtain certain additional information regarding the condition of the spinning unit to be serviced. The tender illustrated in Fig. 11 is designed to acquire two further items of information from a calling station, namely - 1. whether or not the arm 136 of that station is in its uppermost position, and - 2. whether or not a bobbin/package is present between 134 and 136. In order to provide this information, each arm 136 is provided with a reflector 150 and each carrier 138 is provided with a reflector 152. The tender 16 has a light beam emitter/receiver unit 154 adapted to send a beam to and receive a reflected beam from the reflector 150 on any arm 136 which is in its uppermost position when the unit 154 passes by, but not from the reflector 150 of an arm in any other position. Unit 156 coacts similarly with reflectors 152, but unit 156 cannot receive a beam from any reflector 152 at a spinning station in which a tube 132 is present between the arms 134, 136 of the station, since the tube pre­ vents passage of the light beam to the reflector 152. The pair of units 154, 156 are designed to perform the functions described during movement of the tender 16 to the left as viewed in Fig. 11. For performance of simi­ lar functions while the tender is moving to the right as viewed in Fig. 11, it is provided with a second pair of light emitter/receiver units 158, 160 respectively. The tender can now be designed to respond only to pre­ determined combinations of "state" signals from a calling station, and to ignore other combinations and faults. Furthermore, the tender can be designed to recognise the need to perform a preliminary operation in some circumstances before a main servicing operation can be performed. For example, if the calling station is calling for a piecing operation, and the tender recog­ nises that there is no tube in the tube holder, a suit­ able program control in the tender can cause the in­ sertion of a tube from the tender into the tube holder before the piecing operation is begun. Also, in such circumstances, the piecing operation itself can be altered slightly in that there is no point in searching for a broken thread end on the newly inserted tube, and the tender can be programmed to take an auxiliary thread from a supply which it carries itself, to piece this thread into the spinning unit and then to transfer that thread to the newly inserted tube. The use of plural input signals to the tender therefore enables much grea­ ter flexibility in programming of the tender and much greater adaptability to operating circumstances which can occur in practical use. INITIATION OF BRAKING PHASE The plural input signals can, however, bring problems in obtaining adequate control of the overall location pro­ cedure considered from the time the tender first re­ ceives a call signal until it is finally accurately re­ gistered with the calling station. The running speed of the tender is substantially higher than the crawling speed at which final location is achieved. Braking of the tender should not be initiated until all signals from the calling station have been received and a "cor­ rect" combination has been decoded. Tolerances in the system could then lead to substantial differences in the overall response of the tender to different stations. Accordingly, it is preferred to provide for each spin­ ning station an additional device indicating to the tender the beginning of the required "braking phase" if the tender is to stop in registry with the associa­ ted station. The tender must have a sensor responsive to these additional signal devices. In the illustrated embodiment each brake signalling de­ vice is in the form of a bar 162 of ferromagnetic mate­ rial. The bars are located as shown in Fig. 11 at the junction regions between adjacent stations, so that each station is associated with two bars. The tender has a pair of sensors 164, 166. Sensor 164 is operative while the tender is travelling to the left as viewed in Fig. 11 and produces output pulses in re­ sponse to the trailing edges of the bars 162 as viewed from the tender during this leftward movement. Sensor 166 is operative while the tender is travelling to the right as viewed in Fig. 11 and also responds to trail­ ing edges of the bars, as viewed, however, during right­ ward movement of the tender. The bar edges, therefore, function as "brake (reference) markers". For the sta­ tion 12B shown in Fig. 11, therefore, sensors 164, 166 respond respectively to the bar edges joined to them by dotted lines in that Figure. These bar edges are equally spaced from the centre line 163 of the spinning station. Consider now the relationship between the brake markers and the state signal devices (42, 150, 152) of a given station. The location of each brake marker must be such that all "state" signals from the associated spinning station can be received and processed by the tender be­ fore it receives the brake signal. The tender is pro­ grammed to respond to a brake signal for a particular station only if the tender has previously received the call signal for that station and has decoded a "valid" combination of state signals from lamp 42 and reflectors 150, 152. The state signals issued by any one station are preferably received by the tender substantially simultaneously, or at least within a time span which is very short in relation to the required braking time. Accordingly, the spacing of the detectors in the "lefthand set" (146, 156, 154) and also the spacing in the "righthand set" (148, 160, 158) should correspond with the spacing of the elements 42, 152 and 150 at each spinning station. The brake markers can then be located to provide the brake signal a short time after the substantially simultaneous receipt of all state signals from a calling station, and to leave ade­ quate time for braking before the locating device on the tender engages the relevant locating element 30. The positioning of the brake "markers" relative to the spinning stations is not as critical as the positioning of the locating elements relative to the stations. Ac­ cordingly, the brake markers do not have to be physical­ ly mounted in their associated spinning stations. The only requirement is an identifiable relationship between each brake marker and its associated station . In the preferred embodiment, the ferromagnetic bars 162 are mounted on the suspension rail 18. When the sensors 146 and 148 are arranged to respond to both flashing and continuously lighted lamps 42, a single detector may come into alignment with a lamp 42 in the period between successive flashes thereof. If the run­ ning speed of the tender is high, a single detector may pass out of alignment with lamp 42 without recognising the flashes therefrom. This risk can be reduced by duplicating the lamp detectors, as indicated at 146A and 148A. TENDER SUSPENSION/ANCHORING It is a major advantage of the locating system now pro­ posed that the parts which interengage during the locat­ ing step are not locked to each other but remain free for relative movement. After completion of the locating oper­ ation, the tender can be separately secured in registry with the required station, and the locating device can then be withdrawn from the locating element, for example, to enable opening of the spinning unit for cleaning of the rotor. Each locating element can therefore be built into the spinning station itself. This renders the loca­ ting system less sensitive to assembly tolerances in the whole machine. Furthermore, since the locating system is not dependent upon the suspension rail, it is not subject to disturbance due to distortion of the tender suspension during protracted use. However, it follows from the above remarks that the locating system cannot provide any significant support for the tender against displacement forces which may be applied to it during the service operations. According­ ly, it is desirable to provide additional securing means which will firmly secure the tender in the desired loca­ tion determined by the locating device. This additional securing means conveniently forms part of the suspension and guidance system for the tender, one example of which will now be described with reference to Figs. 12 to 18 inclusive. WHEEL ASSEMBLIES The diagrams in Figs. 12 and 13 show a tubular bearer 168 which is mounted on the rail 18 by wheel assemblies 170 and 172 and which carries the remaining structure of the fully assembled tender (not shown). Between the wheel assemblies 170 and 172, bearer 168 also carries a securing device 174 (Fig. 12, omitted from Fig. 13). Wheel assembly 170 is a loadbearing assembly and is pivotally connected to the bearer 168 by a pin joint 176. Wheel assembly 172 is a load bearing and drive assembly, and is also pivoted to the bearer 168 by a pin joint 178. Wheel assembly 172 includes additional structure 180 containing drive motor M for the tender and any required gearing coupling that drive motor with the wheel of assembly 172. The pivotal connections between the wheel assemblies and bearer 168 enable continued adequate drive contact between the wheel assembly 172 and the rail 18 as the tender travels around the U-bend in the rail 18 at one end of the machine 10 (Fig. 1, part also in Fig. 13). As seen in Fig. 13, the wheel assemblies 170, 172 adapt their orientation to the bearer 168 automatically as the tender passes around the rail bend. Figs. 14 and 15 show further details of a suitable wheel assembly 170 The wheel which rests on the up­ wardly facing surface of rail 18 and supports the weight of the tender is shown at 182 (Fig. 15). The wheel is journalled in a housing 184 having side projections 186, 188 (Fig. 14) respectively above and below the bearer 168. The bearer 168 is cut away to receive an elongated, vertically oriented bearing block 190, which is welded into the cutout. Block 190 has a longitudinal bore re­ ceiving a bearing pin 192 retained at its ends in tubular portions 194, 196 secured to the projections 186, 188 respectively. Thus the housing 184 can pivot on the longitudinal axis of pin 192. Housing 184 also carries four guide rollers 198, 200, 202, 204. These rollers are mounted to hang below the hous­ ing 184 when it is mounted on the rail 18, and to engage the side surfaces of the rail. Each roller is rotatable about a vertical axis, the axes of the rollers 198, 200 being fixed relative to the housing 184. The axes of the rollers 202, 204 are carried on dog-leg levers 206, 208 which are pivotably mounted on the housing 184 at 210, 212 respectively. The ends of the levers remote from rollers 202, 204 are joined by a tension spring 214 drawing the joined ends of the levers together and there­ by urging the rollers against the side surface of the rail 18. The "fixed" rollers 198, 200 are on the inside of the U-bend, and the spring-biased rollers 202, 204 are on the outside of that bend. Rollers 198, 200 "steer" the wheel assembly around the bend, that is, they force the assembly to adapt its angular orientation on pivot pin 192 to the bend. The wheel assembly 172 is the same in all essential respects as the wheel assembly 170. However, the hous­ ing 184 carries the additional structure 180 shown in the diagrams of Figs. 12 and 13. Further, the journal bearing holding the wheel 182 in the housing 184 of wheel assembly 170 is replaced in wheel assembly 172 by a suitable drive connection with the motor in the structure 180. ANCHORING SYSTEM The securing device 174 (Fig. 12) is shown in further detail in Figs. 16 and 17. The device comprises a car­ rier member 216 which is secured to the side of the bear­ er 168 to overlie the rail 18 and is an inverted U-­ shape in transverse section so that the open side of the carrier member 216 faces towards the upwardly facing surface of the rail 18. Two cross struts 218 extend be­ tween the side walls of the carrier member 216 and pro­ vide pivot axes for respective levers 220. At its "outer" end (near the end of the carrier member 216) each lever 220 carries a block 222 by way of a knuckle joint. Blocks 222 carry between them a plate 224 coated with a layer 226 of material exhibiting high friction in relation to the upper surface of the rail 18. At its inner end, each lever 220 engages a cylinder element 228 of a piston and cylinder unit, the piston 230 of which is fixed to the underside of the top wall of carrier member 216. A suitable pressure fluid con­ nection 232 is provided so that when the unit is pressur­ ised, cylinder 228 is forced downwardly relative to the piston. The inner ends of the levers 220, and hence the cylinder 228, are biased upwardly (toward piston 230) by bias springs 234 secured to the levers and to pins 236 extending between the side walls of the carrier member. When the tender is intended to be held in a fixed posi­ tion relative to the machine 10, the piston and cylinder unit is de-pressurised so that the bias springs 234 draw the inner ends of levers 220 upwardly as viewed in Fig. 16. The blocks 222 therefore urge layer 226 into firm engagement with the rail 18, and the resultant friction­ al contact is sufficient to resist any displacing forces which will normally be applied to the tender. When the tender is to be moved again relative to the machine, the piston and cylinder unit is pressurised with a pressure sufficient to overcome the bias of the spring 234 so that layer 226 is lifted clear of the rail 18 and per­ mits drive of the tender via the wheel assembly 172 as already described. GUIDE ROLLERS It will be noted that the weight of the tender is carried solely by the rail 18; no weight is borne by the rail sections illustrated in Figs. 2 to 4. How­ ever, those rails provide guidance against forces tending to swing the tender about an axis extending longitudin­ ally of the bearer 168. Provided all the spinning sta­ tions of a machine side are closed during running of the tender, the rail elements 24 shown in Fig. 2 will provide a substantially continuous rail along each machine side, and suitable U-shaped extension rails can be provided around the machine end. However, it may be desired to leave specific spinning stations open while still per­ mitting the tender to travel along the machine attending to the other stations. For example, where individual spinning stations are automatically disconnected from the machine drive system when they are opened, it may be desired to leave defective stations open. The re­ cess 144 shown in Fig. 10 ensures that there is no interference between the travelling tender and an open spinning station. However, the lower rail provided by the rail elements 24 is no longer continuous in these circumstances. Fig. 18 illustrates an arrangement for providing transverse guidance of the tender even when its lower guides are adjacent an opened spinning station. Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig. 3 but showing also the lower portion of the tender 16 adjacent the spinning sta­ tions. The rail element 24 and the front plate 20 of one spinning station are shown in full lines in the closed position corresponding with Fig. 3. Tender 16 has a guide roller mounted in the tender by means (not shown) so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis 240. Guide roller 238 has a cylindrical portion 242 and a frusto­ conical portion 244. When the spinning units are closed, the cylindrical por­ tion 242 of roller 238 engages the vertical, outwardly facing surfaces of the rail elements 24. When a spinning unit is left open, its front plate 20 and rail element 24 lie in the dispositions indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 18. The frusto-conical portion 244 of the roller 238 now engages the same guide surface on the rail element 24 as previously, but that guide surface is now inclined at an angle to the vertical. The angle of the frusto-cone of portion 244 must of course correspond to the angle of pivot permitted to plate 20 and rail element 24 by the design of the individual spinning units of the machine. The illustrated angle is purely exemplary and in no way limiting. Depending upon the overall layout and the operating circumstances, it may well be found unneces­ sary to the frusto-conical portions 244, ade­ quate guidance being achieved by purely cylindrical guide rollers engaging the rail elements 24. In any event, the tender 16 preferably has a plurality of guide rollers which preferably engage rail elements 24 on respective different spinning units. Preferably further, guide rollers are provided adjacent the lead­ ing/trailing edges of the tender 16 so that during a service operation the tender is supported on spinning units to either side of a spinning station which is being serviced. Any convenient means may be used to mount the guide rolls in the tender 16. For example, vertical bearer pins could be secured in holders which are releasably secured in the body of the tender 16, the guide rollers (e.g. roller 238) being rotatable on respective bearer pins. MACHINE LAYOUT As indicated in Fig. 1, the spinning stations 12 do not normally extend to the ends of an open end spinning machine. At one end of the machine there is normally a head stock 246 containing the drive motors and gear transmissions for the complete machine. At the other end, there may be a unit 248 containing further parts re­ quired for operation of the machine as a whole, e.g. a fan required to induce suction air flows in the individual spinning stations 12. There may also be equipment de­ signed to handle doffed packages arriving on the conveyor belt 14. Such equipment is normally provided at the open end of the U-shaped rail system 18, so that the rail and the tender 16 running thereon do not interfere with ac­ cess to the doffed packages arriving at the machine end. Where the tender 16 is designed to act as an automatic doffer, a bobbin tube loader 250 may also be provided adjacent one end of the rail system 18 to enable perio­ dic replenishment of the stock of bobbin tubes in a magazine (not shown) carried by the tender 16. The lower rails, constituted by the rail elements 24 at the spinning stations 12 should clearly be extended by suitable extension elements on the units 246 and 248. This will enable firm support of the tender 16 on both sides of the end stations 12 while the tender is perform­ ing service operations on those stations. A curved ex­ tension 252 of the lower rail can also be secured to the head stock 246. The complete set of guide rollers car­ ried by the tender 16 should be such that the tender does not swing about the upper rail 18 as it passes around the curved portion of that rail. For this purpose, it may be necessary to provide the tender 16 with additional guide rollers, the rotational axes of which are relatively close together when compared with the spacing of the axes of the main guide rollers 238 described above. These additional guide rollers are then suitably located to engage a tightly curved extension 252 and to maintain the upright orienta­ tion of the tender 16 as it passes around the rail curve. Preferably, these additional rollers are slightly dis­ placed vertically above or below the main rollers 238, so that the additional rollers do not engage the rail ele­ ments 24 at the spinning stations and do not interfere with the action of the main rollers 238 in ensuring accur­ ate upright disposition of the tender 16 during service operations on individual spinning stations 12. REVERSAL AT RAIL ENDS As previously mentioned, the tender 16 must be reversible when it reaches a limit position at or adjacent each end of the rail 18. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a ferro-magnetic body at each limit position on the rail 18, and a suitable sensor on the tender 16 responsive to the limit bodies. Clearly, any other limit defining device could be used for this purpose. The tender may, however, be movable beyond its normal limit at one end of the rail 18 in order to move into a loading position in which bobbin tubes can be transferred from a loader 250 to the magazine of the tender. This loading position of the tender may be at either end of the rail 18, i.e. the tender may be located directly ad­ jacent the loader 250, or it may be located on the oppo­ site side of the machine from the loader and a suitable guide duct may extend from the loader 250 across the machine end to the tender 16 when the latter is in its loading position. In either case, this loading position of the tender may be defined by a locating device as des­ cribed above with reference to Figs. 2 to 7. The limit signals produced on the tender in response to defining bodies on the rail 18 are passed to the controller PC which then provides corresponding in­ puts to the set point unit SP. The tender 16 may also have a sensor responsive to the number of bobbin tubes remaining in the magazine, which sensor also provides input to the controller PC. When the controller PC re­ ceives an appropriate limit signal and, simultaneously, a signal from the magazine indicating a low bobbin stock, the controller may be adapted to override the limit sig­ nal enabling the tender 16 to move beyond its normal limit to the loading position where it is located by the procedure already described above. Reversal of the running direction of the tender is then effected after completion of the loading operation, again under the control of programmable controller PC. It is now possible to deal in further detail with the interactions between the controller PC and the setpoint unit SP. Reference will be made to Fig. 19. CONTROL SYSTEM Fig. 19 is a highly simplified circuit diagram showing the controller PC and the setpoint unit SP. In view of the scale of the drawing no attempt has been made to follow conventional symbolism for representation of individual elements of the circuit; instead the func­ tions of the various elements will be identified in the following description. PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER Four inputs are shown entering the controller PC from the bottom edge of Fig. 19. These inputs carry signals from elements which have been described with reference to Fig. 11 and the reference numerals used to identify the elements in Fig. 11 have been used again to identify the corresponding inputs in Fig. 19. Thus, the controller receives an input from the detector 146 which responds to the signal lamps 42 at the individual spinning stations. Further, there is an input from the detector 154, which indicates whether the cradle arm at a particular station is in its uppermost position, and also an input from the detector 156 which indicates whether or not a bobbin tube is present in a cradle arm which is in its uppermost posi­ tion. Further, there is an input from the sensor 164 which responds to the reference markers indicating when the brake phase is to begin. The controller PC receives a large number of other in­ puts which have not been shown on Fig. 19 in order to keep that illustration relatively simple. Reference has already been made above to the limit devices which indi­ cate the ends of the rail 18, and also to sensors re­ sponsive to the stock of bobbin tubes in the tender magazine. In addition, the controller will be arranged to respond to a main on/off switch, and to various safe­ ty switches adapted to disable the tender in certain cir­ cumstances, e.g. if an obstruction is sensed in the nor­ mal path of movement of the tender. Three outputs from the controller PC are passed to the setpoint unit SP. The first output S/S simply represents the condition of the main on/off switches and the vari­ ous safety. The setpoint unit is enabled or disabled depending upon signals it receives upon this output S/S. In order to show the principle involved, the output S/S has been shown connected to two elements within the setpoint unit SP, but this same output can be used as thought desirable to block other elements to en­ sure that the tender is made operative or rendered in­ operative in accordance with predefined conditions. The output R/L indicates whether the tender is to travel to the right or to the left in its normal run. The con­ dition of this output is normally dependent upon the sensing of the limit defining devices described above. However, as already described, if the magazine is to be refilled, an appropriate limit signal input to the con­ troller PC will not change the R/L output but will in­ stead act as the equivalent of a valid combination of signals on the four illustrated inputs, the effect of which is to change the condition of the N/C output as as will now be described. For the purposes of a locating operation, it is irrele­ vant whether the lamp 42 at the calling station is light­ ed continuously or is flashing. The response of the con­ troller PC to a "call" from detector 146 is therefore the same whether that call is continuous or pulsed. Processing of the signals from detectors 154 and 156 will be dependent upon the form of programmable control­ ler selected, and various possibilities are commercially available. In Fig. 19, it is assumed that any input sig­ nals from the detectors 154 and 156 are temporarily stored in a memory unit 254 for subsequent processing by the controller. Further, memory unit 254 is responsive condition of the input from detector 146, so that the memory unit is only unblocked to store signals on its inputs if a call signal appears on the input from detector 146. If a valid combination of inputs is obtained, then the controller changes the condition of its output N/C to indicate the requirement to brake the tender from its running (or normal) speed to its crawling speed. The controller also then operates electromagnet 54 to extend the locating device (Figs. 5 -7). SETPOINT UNIT - GENERAL OUTLINE Output N/C is connected to two gates 256 and 258 re­ spectively in the setpoint unit SP. The gate 256 is also connected to output S/S, so that output N/C is ineffect­ ive to control operation of the tender unless the main switch and the various safety switches (which control the condition of the output S/S) are in the required condition. Gate 258 forms part of the logic unit LU described with reference to Fig. 9 and receives a second input from the detector P in the locating device LOC Gate 258 is blocked unless controller output N/C indi­ cates that the tender is moving at its crawling speed or is being braked towards that speed. Accordingly, during normal running of the tender, gate 256 is un­ blocked but gate 258 is blocked. The "normal running" signal from the gate 256 is fed to two devices 260 and 262 respectively. Device 262 is a counter which is set by the normal running signal and remains in its reset state until the normal running signal disappears from its reset input. The output of counter 260 is fed to a digital-to-analog converter 268 which also receives an input from the R/L output of controller PC. The output of converter 268 is fed to one input of an operational amplifier 270. Device 262 is a bistable device, for example a flip-­ flop. The instantaneous state of device 262 is depend­ ent in part upon signals it receives from gate 256 and in part upon the signal H from logic unit LU (see also Fig. 9). The output of device 262 is fed to, and determines the condition of, a logic decision device indicated as a unit by the dotted line box 266. Device 266 receives additional inputs from the R/L output of controller PC, and from the R and L ter­ minals of the locating device LOC. As will be des­ cribed further below, device 266 responds either to the right/left information it receives from controller PC or to the right/left information from device LOC, but not to both. The current state of device 262 de­ termines which set of right/left information is effective, the device 262 being set to select the information supplied on the R/L output of controller PC during normal running. The output of device 266 is fed to a second input of the operational amplifier 270. The output of ampli­ fier 270 is the required setpoint signal c. SETPOINT SIGNAL Amplifier 270 is such that in the absence of a "devi­ ation" signal on either of its inputs, the amplifier supplies an output signal c representing the "neutral" level cn discussed above with reference to Fig. 8B. As will be described immediately below, deviation sig­ nals representing performance of the motor M during nor­ mal running and braking are supplied to amplifier 270 on its input from converter 268. Deviation signals repre­ senting required performance of the motor M during the crawling phase and during the final stages of location of the tender on a locating element 30 are supplied to the amplifier 270 on its input from the logic device 266. Each deviation signal must comprise both a magni­ tude aspect indicating the required speed of the ten­ der and a direction aspect indicating the required direction of travel of the tender. NORMAL RUNNING When counter 260 is reset by the normal running signal appearing on the output of gate 256, the counter sup­ plies a predetermined signal in digital form to the converter 268. This predetermined signal represents a maximum magnitude for the deviation signal to be supplied to amplifier 270. The "sense" of the deviation signal appearing on the output of the converter 268 is deter­ mined by the current condition of the output R/L of the controller PC. The deviation signal supplied to amplifier 270 on its input from logic device 266 may reinforce the signal supplied from the converter 268, but the signal supplied from the logic device has a relatively small magnitude, and the motor operating conditions are deter­ mined substantially by the output of the converter 268. BRAKE PHASE When a brake signal appears on the output N/C of the controller PC, the output of gate 256 changes condition. There is no immediate change in the condition of the bistable device 262. However, counter 260 begins to count down from its preset maximum value, and the magnitude aspect of the output from converter 268 is correspondingly reduced, the direction aspect remain­ ing the same as determined by output R/L of controller PC. The control signal c therefore begins to converge with the neutral level cn, and the regulator RG (Fig. 8) controls the motor in known manner to brake the tender. CRAWL When the output of converter 268 goes to zero, the output of amplifier 270 will be determined as to both magnitude and sense by the logic device 266, which will be supply­ ing to the amplifier a deviation signal of a predeter­ mined magnitude representing the desired crawling speed and a sense dependent upon the current condition of the output R/L of the controller PC. Since this is unchanged during the braking phase, the tender continues in its original direction of movement but at substantially re­ duced speed as described above. PROCESSING OF SIGNALS FROM LOCATING DEVICE Meanwhile, gate 258 has been unblocked by the change of state of output N/C of controller PC. Using, by way of example, the same high/low convention used to explain Fig. 9, assume that the output of gate 258 is high during the braking phase and immediately thereafter be­ cause the output of photo detector P is then high. As described with reference to Fig. 9, the outputs from the photo detectors R and L will both be low until one of the rollers 84, 86 strikes the locating element 30. Terminals R and L are connected to an AND gate 271, the output of which is low when its inputs are low. The output of gate 271 is connected to a further AND gate 272, the second input of which is connected to the output of photo detector O. Until displacement of the leaf 80 (Fig. 5) from its normal position, the output of detector O will also be low, and therefore the output of gate 272 will be low. This output is connected to a further AND gate 274, the second input of which is connected to the gate 258. However, until the output of detector P goes low, when the body 48 (Fig. 5) is retracted slightly into its recess 46 due to contact of both rollers 84, 86 with the locating element 30, the output of detector P is high, so that the output of gate 258 is high and gate 274 is blocked. When the output of gate 258 first goes low, the output of either detector R or L will be high (as described above with reference to Fig. 9) so that gate 274 will still be blocked. However, when the outputs of all four detectors P, O, R and L go low, gate 274 will be operated to provide the signal H (Fig. 9) to the bi­ stable device 262 and also via a suitable buffer stage (not shown) to the controller PC. As described with reference to Fig. 9, the detectors O, R and L are used to define both fine tolerances and maximum tolerances. In order to maintain the signal H even after one of the detectors R and L indicates a shift of the tender outside the fine tolerance range while remaining within the maximum tolerances, the out­ put of gate 272 is fed back via a suitable element 276 to the gate input which is connected to gate 271. If signal H is maintained over a predetermined minimum period, controller PC supplies an output signal on its output CL to an operating device (not shown) for the unit 174 (Fig. 12 and Figs. 16 and 17) so as to secure the tender in the required location. The clamping signal from the controller PC is also fed to an AND-gate 278, the second input of which is connected to the output of gate 274 so that gate 278 provides an output signal f when it receives the clamp signal on its in­ put. This signal f is fed to the regulating circuit described with reference to Fig. 8 to ensure that the motor M is not energised sufficiently to shift the tender. For example, the signal f could be used to alter the bias levels applied to the synchronisation wave forms (r) and (ℓ) to shift them apart away from the neu­ tral level cn (Fig. 8B). The output of amplifier 270 has meanwhile been made to correspond to this neutral level cn as will now be described. As soon as signal H appears on the output from gate 274, bistable device 262 changes state and changes the output it supplies to device 266. This change of state of device 262 is irrevocable until the device receives a reset input from the gate 256; i.e. device 262 will not respond further to cancellation of signal H on gate 274 due to overrunning of the loca­ ting element 30. Accordingly, as soon as the tender has reached the desired location from its original direction of approach, device 266 is re-conditioned so that any further deviation signal supplied by the logic device 266 is independent of the current state of the output controller PC but is dependent upon inputs which the logic device receives from the photo detectors R and L. It follows that the latter detectors have no effect upon the amplifier 270 provided the tender ach­ ieves accurate location without overrun; however, the direction of movement of the tender after it has once passed through the desired location can be controlled only by the states of the outputs of the detectors R and L. RIGHT/LEFT DECISION UNIT Device 266 can be notionally divided into three "stages" - an output stage comprising gates 280 and 282 and a potential divider represented schematic­ ally in Fig. 19 by the resistance pair 290 - a "normal" driver stage comprising gates 264 and 288, and - an "overrun" driver stage comprising gates 284 and 286. The amplifier 270 is connected to a suitable tapping point in the potential divider. The potential at the tapping point can be driven into any one of three predetermined conditions representing respectively "travel to the right at crawl speed", "travel to the left at crawl speed" and "neutral". Device 262 provides a control input to each of the driver gates 264, 288, 284, 286. Gates 264 and 288 are coupled directly to device 262. Gates 284 and 286 are coupled with device 262 by way of an inverter 289 so that the control signal supplied by device 262 to the overrun driver stage is the inverse of the con­ trol signal supplied to the normal driver stage. Thus the normal driver stage is enabled when the overrun stage is disabled and vice versa. Consider first the overrun driver stage. Gate 284 responds to the condition of terminal R and gate 286 responds to the condition of terminal L. When the overrun driver stage is conditioned operative by device 262, gate 284 drives gate 280 and gate 286 drives gate 282 to produce the appropriate conditions of the potential at the tapping point in the output stage. Consider now the normal driver stage. This has to respond to only a single right/left information input, namely the R/L output of controller PC which is coupled to gate 264. When the normal driver stage is conditioned operative by device 262, gate 264 drives gate 280 di­ rectly. The drive for gate 282 is then produced indi­ rectly from gate 264 via gate 288. The invention is not limited to any specific logic system to process the right/left information signals and produce the appropriate inputs to the amplifier 270. Purely by way of example, the following arrange­ ment will be found to produce the required results - ­ the signal convention (high/low) corresponds with that used in description of Figure 9 and aspects dealt with in description of Figure 9 will not be repeated here - a) outputs of both gates 280 and 282 low represents "right" b) outputs of both gates 280 and 282 high represents "left" c) output of either gate 280 or 282 high and the other low represents "neutral" d) output R/L high represents "right" and output R/L low represents "left" e) output of device 262 high enables the normal driver stage and output of device 262 low en­ ables the overrun driver stage f) gates 264, 282, 284 and 286 are each NAND-gates g) gate 280 is an AND-gate h) gate 288 is an EXCLUSIVE-OR-gate. On the basis of the above information, a person skilled in dealing with logic circuitry can derive a truth table showing that the required signal conditions are ob­ tained - it is believed that no purpose would be served by showing the derivation of such a truth table here. CRAWL SPEED REDUCTION In order to ensure that the tender is driven back into the close tolerance range after overrunning the desired location, it may be desirable to reduce the crawling speed for the return movement after an overrun. The signal required to initiate this reduction of the craw­ ling movement can be derived, e.g., from the change of state of the bistable device 262, which change of state is induced by the tender upon its first entry into the close tolerance range. The required signal is indicated at h on the dotted line output from the device 262 in Fig. 19. In the preferred embodiment of the inven­ tion, the required reduction of the crawling speed is not achieved by adjustment of the setpoint signal c, but by acting on the device Q shown in Fig. 8 so as to modify the input to the regulator RG. For example, by causing the device Q to double its output to the regula­ tor RG for a given motor speed, it is possible to halve the motor speed corresponding with a given setpoint signal c. DISTANCE DEPENDENT BRAKE PHASE In its counting operation, counter 260 is driven by a train of input pulses fed to it on its input I. This train of pulses could be produced by a time-dependent clock signal and the braking effect of the motor M would then be time-dependent, beginning with the time at which the sensor 164 (Fig. 11) senses a braking reference marker and extending over a preset time fol­ lowing the initiation of the count. It is preferred, however, to make the braking effect of the motor M dis­ tance-dependent, again beginning with the sensing of a braking reference marker by the sensor 164. This can be achieved, as shown in Fig. 19, by feeding count pulses to the counter 260 from the device Q already described with reference to Fig. 8. These pulses can be related to rotation of the motor output shaft, which in turn is related to distance travelled by the tender. Thus, for each spinning station, the positional refer­ ence marker (the trailing edge of the body 162 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 11) can be so located relative to the locating element 30 for that station, and the sensor 164 on the tender can be so located relative to the locating device on the tender, that when the sen­ sor senses a particular positional reference marker, the locating device is spaced a predetermined distance (D-Fig. 19A) in front of the associated locating element considered in the direction of travel of the tender at the time of sensing of the positional marker. That dis­ tance can then be notionally divided into a plurality of intervals, and the counter 260 can be arranged so that at the expiry of each such interval the counter controls the converter 268 to provide a deviation sig­ nal having a respective magnitude characteristic of that interval. This helps to ensure that the tender has been braked to its crawling speed while the rollers 84, 86 are still located in front of the relevant locating ele­ ment considered in the direction of travel of the tender. The full line diagram in Fig. 19A represents idealised distance-dependent speed of the tender. The correspond­ ing time diagram is represented in dotted line and it will be seen that the tender deceleration is initially high and declines as the tender approaches the crawl speed. In the description of Fig. 19, reference has been made to the set of sensors which is operative during travel of the tender towards the left as viewed in Fig. 11, namely to the sensors 146, 154, 156 and 164. It will be understood that the principles explained in de­ tail with reference to leftward travel of the tender are equally applicable to operation of the system in response to the second set of sensors (148, 158, 160 and 166) during rightward travel of the tender. MODIFICATIONS The locating device described with reference to Figs. 5 to 7 constitutes in principle a device for providing right/left signals for controlling the drive motor of the tender. For this purpose, it has a feeler means (provided in the illustrated embodiment by the turn­ table 74 and roller pair 84, 86) adapted to engage a locating marker (provided in the illustrated embodi­ ment by the locating element 30). Alternative loca­ ting devices could be provided to respond to alterna­ tive markers. For example, the system could be of the non-contact type; light beams or magnetic field pro­ ducing elements could provide the locating reference marker. However, the mechanical system, operating by inter-engaging parts, is preferred because it is less liable to disturbance due to varying operating condi­ tions. A different form of feeler means could also be provided. The simplest form of feeler means involves a single location of contact with the corresponding locating element. However, such a system is unlikely to pro­ duce a stable indication and is not as well-suited to a symmetrical profile such as that shown for the ele­ ment 30 in Fig. 4. The profile is preferably symme­ trical about the required line of alignment. The feeler device preferably makes initial contact with the profile at only one location, the subsequent transfer to multi-location contact with the profile defining the maximum deviation of the feeler means from its normal disposition in the locating device. An indicator means (leaf 80) is provided in the illus­ trated embodiment to amplify the deviation of the feeler means from its normal disposition. Such an indicator may or may not be necessary depending upon the sensor system used to respond to the feeler deviation. For example, a sensing system could respond directly to ro­ tation of the turntable 74 in Fig. 6, but the mechanical amplification of the movement of the turntable 74 via the leaf 80 considerably improves sensitivity of the system. It is not essential to use a rotatable feeler means. For example, an array of reciprocable rods could be used, the ends of the rods projecting outwardly from the locating device and the rods being forced back into the device against a biasing means when they contact a locating element. Sensors could respond to individual rods or to groups of rods. However, the illustrated arrangement is substantially simpler and less liable to disturbance in practice. In principle, all that is required is a recognisable mode of displace­ ment of the feeler means from a normal disposition in response to misalignment of the locating device relative element. In this specification, the words "signal" is used throughout in its broadest sense of an information con­ veying means, and is not to be equated with the medium of information transfer such as voltage, condition of a terminal or the flow of current. Using the signal diagram of Fig. 9 as an example, the locating device produces a first signal (constituted by the high condi­ tion of the terminal R in combination with the low con­ dition of the terminal L) to indicate a requirement for continued movement of the tender towards the right. It also produces a second signal (constituted by the high condition of the terminal L in combination with the low condition of the terminal R) to indicate a requirement for movement towards the left. A third signal is pro­ duced to indicate alignment of the locating device with the locating element. In principle in the signal diagram of the Fig. 9, this third signal could be constituted simply by the low conditions of the terminals R and L. However, such a signal would be ambiguous in the illus­ trated embodiment, because it is produced both when the locating device is accurately aligned on the locating element and when the device is wholly displaced from the locating element during the approach phase. Ac­ cordingly, a further signal component must be added to resolve the ambiguity, and the third signal is con­ stituted in the illustrated embodiment by the low con­ ditions of each of the terminals P, R and L. In the illustrated embodiment, an additional signal component enables definition of both fine and maximum tolerance ranges. In the signal diagram of Fig. 9 this additional signal is represented by the low conditions of the terminals P and O in combination with a low con­ dition on either of the terminals R and L and a high condition on the other of those latter terminals. In the embodiment of Fig. 11, the lamp 42 and the re­ flectors 150 and 152 at each spinning station constitute signal directing means for directing signals to a speci­ fic zone on the path of movement of the tender, the specific zone being associated with the respective spin­ ning station. Conveniently, as in Fig. 11, the specific zone of one station is the length of the path located immediately in front of that station. However, this is not essential to the principle. The lamp, along with its energising means (not shown) at the spinning station, constitutes a signal emitter, whereas the reflectors 150 and 152 merely act as signal returning means. It is preferred to use a signal emitter under the direct control of the spinning station to issue the call signal which triggers off the stopping procedure in the tender. In principle, a signal return­ ing device could be used for the same purpose, e.g. by causing the spinning station to change the position of a signal reflector when a call signal is to be issued. The reflectors 150 and 152 enable the tender to sense the state of a spinning station issuing a call signal. In principle, the required information could be trans­ ferred by further signal emitters at the spinning station, but it is preferred that the station itself plays a passive role, enabling the tender to obtain directly information it requires regarding the operat­ ing state of the station (location of the cradle arm and presence/absence of a bobbin tube). The system could be designed to enable the tender to acquire fur­ ther information regarding the operating state of a sta­ tion issuing a call signal, e.g. the presence or absence of a feed sliver. However, information derived from the cradle arm is particularly relevant to the operations to be performed by a doffer/piecer of the type described in this specification. Returning to the signal diagram of Fig. 9, the "further" component of the third signal referred to above could be used to enable definition of fine and maximum tolerances if the production of this signal component can be con­ trolled with sufficient accuracy for the required purpose. In view of mechanical tolerances, however, such accuracy is unlikely to be obtainable in the embodiment as actually illustrated. Correspondingly, the additional signal com­ ponent which is used to enable definition of two tolerance ranges could be used to resolve ambiguity in the third signal referred to above; e.g., if the additional compo­ nent were derived not from the mechanical right/left indi­ cating system but from an additional signal emitter/receiv­ er arrangement acting between a spinning station and the tender, then the additional signal component could pro­ vide both an unambiguous indication of alignment and a maximum tolerance range for such alignment. The dual tolerance bands may not be required in all circumstances, the centre detector O can be omitted where they are not required. Consider, however, the arrangement shown in Fig. 10, where the locating de­ vice is mounted at the lower end of the tender and the motor/suspension system (through which the locating de­ vice must exercise control of the tender movements) is located at the upper end of the tender. The tender it­ self cannot be constructed as a perfectly rigid struc­ ture and the inertial forces which arise in the tender during the final braking are sufficient to cause slight displacement of the suspended end of the tender (i.e. the locating device) relative to the suspension system. There is therefore a slight oscillation of the suspend­ ed portion of the tender about the resting "point" of the suspension system. If only a single tolerance band is defined, and the maximum permissible tolerance band is narrow, then the performance of the motor/suspension system will have to be very carefully controlled in order to ensure that the locating device remains inside the allowed toler­ ances during the oscillations referred to, or the structure of the tender will have to be designed to reduce the oscillations. The definition of the fine and maximum tolerance bands gives an added margin of error - the electrical system can be controlled to drive the suspension system into the fine tolerance band and the maximum tolerance band allows for a de­ gree of displacement of the locating device relative to the suspension system. Furthermore, as previously mentioned, it is easier to set the maximum permissible tolerances exactly by means of a single central detec­ tor than by means of a pair of left/right displacement detectors. Regarding the wheel assemblies shown in Figs. 12 - 15, the assembly steering rollers 198, 200 also act as re­ tainers for the tender. This is not essential. Desirably, however, retaining devices are disposed on one side of the load-bearing wheels and the centre of gravity of the complete tender is disposed on the other side so that the retainers are drawn into contact with the rail structure. The axes of the steering rollers do not have to be disposed at right angles to the axes of the load-bearing wheels; furthermore, the distri­ bution of loading between the various wheels of the assembly can be adapted as required, so that there may be more than one load bearing wheel in each assembly. The drive motor is preferably connected directly to the drive wheel or wheels without any intervening clutch mechanism, control therefore being effected by the energisation of the drive motor. The securing mechanism of Figs. 16 and 17 is shown strictly by way of example only. Alternatives will be readily apparent. In particular, the tender does not have to be secured to the rail structure, although this forms the most convenient securing point. A se­ curing means employing friction is not essential and alternative friction means, e.g. a clamp system, can be readily designed. The securing mechanism should clearly be designed to avoid disturbance to the achieved pos­ ition of the tender, although the dual tolerance system can provide some margin of error in this respect. With regard to the lower guide system shown in Fig. 18, any desired means may be used to hold the spinning unit in its open position as shown in that Figure, e.g. re­ ference may be made to US specification 3511045, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this specification. The desired guide surfaces on the tender for cooperating with the rail element 24 in its two positions may be made separate instead of being incorporated into a unitary body as shown in Fig. 18. The guide surface on the rail element does not have to be vertical when the spinning unit is closed, although this is preferred. The guide surface may be non-planar. The locating element does not have to be built into the rail elements of the spinning stations. As indica­ ted in the description, however, it is an advantage of the present system that the locating element can be in­ corporated in the spinning station, i.e., in the zone in which the service operations have to be performed. The locating element is preferably in form of a profile, but the simple profile shown in Fig. 4 is not essential. A more complex profile, e.g. having sides with graduat­ ed curves, could show for example the degree of devia­ tion of the locating device from the desired location defined by the locating element. Clearly, more complex sensing circuitry would be required in the locating device to sense the various dispositions of the axes defined in the profile sensor. The sensing system could be designed, for example, to sense the rate of change of the angle of deviation of the leaf 80 from its normal position. Additional sensors could also be introduced to sense varying magnitudes of the angle of deviation of the leaf 80 from its normal position. The setting of the leaf 80 relative to its associated sen­ sors would then, however, be considerably more compli­ cated and still greater amplification of the movements of the profile contact elements might be needed to ex­ tract the desired additional information. In the illus­ trated system, the angle of swing of the leaf 80 merely has to be sufficient to ensure the required changes of state of the detectors O and R (or L) during contact of the profile sensor with the locating element. As already indicated, the left and right indicating signals may take forms other than those described with reference to Fig. 9, and the processing circuitry may be adapted to deal accordingly with the resulting out­ puts. For example, the system may be designed to produce left and right indicating signals which are balanced against each other to produce a null signal when the locating device adopts a desired position relative to the locating element. Furthermore, the signal compo­ nent which indicates cooperation between the profile sensor and the locating element (thereby resolving am­ biguity in the null produced by the locating device) is not necessarily derived from backward movement of the locating device as described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5. For example, the initial displacement of the leaf 80 from its normal position may be sensed as an indicator that the locating device has entered an operating relationship with the locating element. Also, in the case of the more complicated sensing sys­ tems referred to above, the "centred" signal (null sig­ nal) may not be ambiguous as it represents only one element of a predetermined, unambiguous sequence. In such a case, the further signal component can be omitted. The description of the programme controller PC and set­ point unit SP has concentrated upon the sequence of oper­ ations on stopping and locating of the tender. The con­ troller and setpoint unit may, however, be adapted to perform many other functions. For example, as indicated by the dotted line input at the top righthand corner of Fig. 19, the setpoint unit may include additional ele­ ments adapted to define a predetermined starting ramp signal as an output from the setpoint unit upon re­ starting of the tender after completion of a service operation. Power transmission for the control system, and for the various operating portions of the tender, can be transferred from the machine to the tender via a cable which is dragged by the tender during its move­ ments along the machine. The drag load placed upon the tender drive system by such a cable makes effective drive contact between the drive wheel(s) and the sus­ pension rail 18 particularly important, thus emphasising the importance of the drive wheel orientation control described with reference to Figs. 12 to 15. The programmable controller PC may be adapted to switch off the supply of current to the motor M after the secur­ ing device 174 has been operated to hold the tender ready for a service operation. The controller can then also condition the setpoint unit ready for a re-start opera­ tion after completion of servicing. Preferably, as shown by the diagram in Fig. 11, upon completion of a service operation upon one spinning station, the tender is able to respond immediately to an adjacent station. That is, while performing a service operation on spinning station 12B in Fig. 11, the lamp and reflector sensors are ready to respond to station 12A or 12C depending upon the current direction of travel of the tender. However, the system is preferably arranged to ignore inputs from the adjacent stations until completion of a current ser­ vice operation. If, then, a call signal is received from an immediately adjacent station, the tender prefer­ ably re-starts at the crawl speed instead of the normal running speed. The controller PC can be programmed to respond different­ ly to varying combinations of state signals from a spin­ ning station. By way of example only, sensing of a call signal in combination with a "cradle up" (cradle in its uppermost position) and "cradle full" (bobbin tube or package held in the cradle) may be interpreted by the controller as an invalid combination indicating a de­ fective station. The controller will not, therefore, respond to the brake marker for that station and the tender will pass by. On the other hand, sensing of a call signal in combination with a "cradle up" signal and a "cradle empty" signal may be interpreted by the controller as a valid combination indicating need for insertion of a bobbin tube preparatory to a piecing operation to re-start spinning at the calling station. The invention is not limited to a service tender which travels in opposite directions relative to the machine during normal running. It is known, e.g. to provide a continuous rail around the machine so that the service tender travels in one direction only on this continuous rail. In this case the logic decision unit 266 can be simplified, since the tender will always approach the locating elements from a given direction. In such a case, it is not essential to use a locating element with a symmetrical profile since "one-sided" operation only is required. The signal acquisition sequence described with refer­ ence to Fig. 11 is not essential although it is import­ ant that the brake marker is used to initiate the brake phase and therefore that all significant spinning station state signals are detected before the brake marker is sensed. If the call signal is such that it may be received only shortly before the brake signal, then it may be necessary to store other station state signals before the call signal is received - for example, the leading edge of each bar 162 (Fig. 11) could be sensed and used to gate state signals into the memory 254 (Fig. 19). The memory could then be wiped if the call signal for the corresponding station is not re­ ceived within a predetermined time or distance after the leading edge of the bar was sensed - for example, if the call signal is not received before the trailing edge of the bar is sensed. The system is thus reset ready to examine the next station. The leading edges of the bars 162 thus function as signal acquisition markers. ACCURACY The system is capable of establishing accurate location even where moving parts are of substantial weight. For example, for a service tender of the type shown in Fig. 10 and weighing in excess of 350 kg, a system as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 7 can locate a datum on the tender (axis 37, Fig. 4) relative to a datum on the machine (axis 39, Fig. 4) with a toler­ ance of +/- 0.5 mm. For this purpose, the locating element 30 was formed with a radiused surface 32 in place of the flat surface 32 shown in Fig. 4; the radius of surface 32 was 8 mm. The total height of the locating element from base to peak was 8 mm and the flank angle included at the base was 20°. The diameter of each roller 84, 86 was 12 mm and the spacing of the roller axes was 14 mm. The distance represented by M in Fig. 4C was 3 mm. Additional State Signals The tender can of course be designed to collect information from the calling station after the alignment operation has been completed but before a service operation is carried out, or during a service operation. For example, interpretation of the signal from lamp 42 is required only after the tender has stopped - prior to stopping the tender only has to detect that a call signal is being issued, the type of call signal is irrelevant to the stopping operation. The tender can also be designed to extract from the spinning station additional information regarding the availability of infeed sliver 124. This can be obtained by providing a re­ flector on the spring station behind the sliver path and a suitable light emitter/photodetector unit on the tender. After the tender has stopped in the desired alignment, this sliver detector unit emits a light signal which is not re­ flected if sliver is present. If a reflected light signal is received, the tender does not perform any service operation, but instead moves the cradle mechanism to its uppermost po­ sition and then moves on. When the tender next passes this station, it will receive a call signal again but will ignore it because the combination of state signals now produced will be "invalid" due to the raised cradle.

Claims: 1. An open end spinning machine having a plurality of spinning stations and a service tender movable along a predetermined path past the stations, each station comprising a spinning unit having a part pivotable between a first position in which the spinning unit is closed and a second position in which the spinning unit is open, the part being retainable in each said position, each said part providing a rail element, guide means on the tender including a first guide element to engage the rail elements on parts in their first posi­ tions and a second guide element to engage the rail element on a part in its second position. 2. A machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein each said guide element is adapted to make rolling contact with said rail elements. 3. A machine as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein each said rail element presents a guide surface to the tender, said guide surface being presented for contact with the first guide ele­ ment when the rail element is in its first posi­ tion and for contact with the second guide ele­ ment when the rail element is in its second posi­ tion. 4. A machine as claimed in claim 3 wherein said guide surface is planar and lies in a substan­ tially vertical plane when the part is in its first position. 5. A machine as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein said guide elements are provided on a single body. 6. A machine as claimed in claim 5 wherein said body is a roller, said first guide element is a cylindrical part of said roller and said second element is a frusto-conical part of said roller.

Inventors: BISCHOFBERGER, JUERG, LATTION, ANDRE, BISCHOFBERGER, Jürg, Lattion, Andrè
Applicants: MASCHINENFABRIK RIETER AG
Application year: 1984
Main classification: D01H4
IPC codes: B65H54, D01H13