PALLET AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Abstract: The pallet is made of sheet metal, preferably a one-piece sheet metal blank, said pallet comprising a load-carrying plane (2; 2'; 2") provided with reinforcing grooves (7a, 7b, 8; 7'a, 7'b, 8', 7"a) and lateral pieces (3, 4) provided with recesses (5) or openings (6), so arranged that the pallet is accessible from all sides for lifting means inserted beneath the load carrying plane (2; 2'; 2"). Significant for the pallet according to the invention is that almost all material in the blank is used. This is especially brought out when the material sections moved aside, by folding, from the main planes of the lateral pieces (3, 4), to create recesses (5) or openings (6), are comprised in box beams (40, 41, 48; 40', 41', 48') reinforcing the pallet.

Description: Pallet and method of manufacturing the same This invention relates to a pallet assembled of one or several thin sheet metal blanks and comprising a load-carrying plane provided with reinforcing groov¬ es and at least two lateral pieces provided with rec¬ esses or openings so arranged that the pallet is acc¬ essible from all sides for lifting means inserted ben¬ eath the pallet. The method also relates to a method o manufacturing a pallet. A very great number of the pallets used today are made of wood. These wooden pallets have several shortcom¬ ings. They are insanitary, easily damaged, have a rel¬ atively high weight and are in spite of low initial cost uneconomic, due to short service life. A study of known art shows that many attempts have been made to produce a pallet made of metal, which satisfact¬ orily can replace the wooden pallet. Such a pallet, however, cannot be found in the patent literature, and to our knowledge such a pallet is not commercially available, either. There are several reasons why known pallets of sheet metal could not compete with wooden pallets. The metal - pallets, for example, usually were not suitable for massproduction. A usual disadvantage, moreover, of known sheet metal pallets has been their insufficient strength, rigidity and/or elasticity. It is generally known that pallets normally are subject¬ ed to rough treatment. It was found that known pallets of sheet metal not quite withstand this treatment, but have a tendency to buckle or be deformed by said treatment. One imaginable reason why known pallets made of..sheet metal blanks do not maintain their shape satisfactorily OMPI • should be, that they do not comprise reinforcing edge box beams in connection to all lateral edges of the load-carrying plane. The reinforcing beams .of known pallets, preferably made of one-piece sheet metal blanks, usually have V- or U-shaped cross-section, which means they are not designed as box beams. They are, furthermore, not formed by folding material sect¬ ions from the sheet metal blank, but bent outward of the same. A further disadvantage of known pallets is the access¬ ibility from all sides for lifting means. Some of these sheet metal pallets are accessible only from two opposed sides which, of course, is an obvious short¬ coming from a handling point of view. When the sheet metal pallets are accessible for lift¬ ing means from all sides, however, certain structural concessions had to be made. At one known pallet of sheet metal the depth of the reinforcing grooves in the plane of the pallet in the area of engagement of the lifting forks has been reduced. This reduction in height of the reinforcing grooves implies a decrease in their reinforcing effect. At another known sheet metal pallet certain portions of the reinforcing grooves have been removed in order to provide space for the lifting means. The remaining groove portions are suitably interconnected, for example by stay members or the like. The present invention has the object to produce a pall¬ et of the kind referred to above in the introductory portion, which pallet is reinforced in a satisfactory way in respect of both the load-carrying plane and the lateral pieces. An optimum reinforcing configuration also permits the use of a relatively small material thickness, prefer¬ ably 1 - 1,5 mm, which, of course, contributes to that the pallet according to the -present invention is econ¬ omically of interest. A further object of the invention is to produce a pall¬ et, which is accessible for lifting means from all sid¬ es, and this accessibility is realized without reducing the load-carrying capacity to an unacceptable level. Still another object of the present invention is to utilize to optimum degree the one-piece sheet metal blank, of which the pallet is manufactured, i.e. to make use of the greater part of the material of the sheet metal blank which is folded aside in connection with the formation of the openings or recesses. This is effected in that said material folded aside is comprised in box beams, which reinforce both the load-carrying plane and the lateral pieces, and in that the circumference for the openings or recesses for the lifting means is reinforced. An additional object of the present invention is to produce a pallet, the outer dimensions of which agree with the standardization rules applying to a so-call¬ ed "Europa pallet". It also should be pointed out in this connection, that pallets according to the invent¬ ion pass the standard load tests for the "Europa pall¬ et". The pallet according to the present invention is realiz¬ ed by the characterizing features defined in the att¬ ached claims. Two embodiments of the invention are described in the following, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a schematic horizontal view of the pallet according to the invention, Figs. 2 and 3 are schematic lateral views of the pallet according to the invention, " Fig. ^ is a schematic horizontal view of a one-piece sheet metal blank for a pallet, Fig. 5 is a horizontal view of the load-carrying plane of the pallet, Fig. 5a is a section after Va-Va in Fig. 5 3 Fig. 5b is a section after Vb-Vb in Fig. 5, Figs♦ 6 and 6' show in detail the blank portions intended to constitute the lateral pieces of the pallet, Figs. 7 and 7'are a section after VII'-VII and, respectively, VII'- VII' in Fig. 1, Figs. ' 8 and 8' are a section after VIII-VIII and, respectively, VIII'- VIII' in Fig. 1, Figs. 9 and 9'are a section after IX-IX and, respectively, IX'-IX' in Fig. 1, Figs. 10 and 10' show a detail of a corner of the pallet according to the invention, Figs. 11 and 11' show a detail of the central portion of the longer lateral piece of the pallet according to the invention, and Figs. 12,12a and 12b show details of an alternative embodiment according to the invention. The pallet 1 shown in Figs. 1-3 comprises a load-carry¬ ing plane 2 and lateral pieces 3 and . As appears from Fig. 1, the load-carrying plane 2 is provided with reinforcements, which will be described below in-greater detail. From Fig. 2 appears that the lateral piece 3 includes a recess 5 3 which renders it possible to insert lifting forks or a so-called bear beneath the load-carrying plane. The lateral piece 4, see Fig- 3 3 includes two oblong openings 6, into which lifting forks can be inserted. A fork truck, thus, has accessibility to the pallet 1 from any direction. The blank shown schematically. n Fig.-4 for a pallet acc¬ ording to the invention comprises a load-carrying plane 2, which is reinforced in two directions perpendicular to each other. Along the long sides of the load-carrying plane 2, two first reinforcing grooves 7a ectend, which term¬ inate a distance from the short sides of the load-carr¬ ying plane. The first reinforcing grooves 7a are interconnected by a second central reinforcing groove 7b. At the embodim¬ ent shown, the reinforcing grooves 7a have a depth corr¬ esponding to about half the depth of the reinforcing groove 7 . Between the second reinforcing groove 7b and the short sides of the load-carrying plane 2 third reinforcing grooves 8 are located, which extend in parallel with the first reinforcing grooves 7a. The third reinforcing grooves 8 extend from the area of the second reinforc¬ ing groove 7b to the same level as the enώsiof the first reinforcing grooves 7a. As appears from Fig. H . the third reinforcing grooves 8 are located at a certain distance from the first reinforcing grooves 7a and a certain distance relative to each other. Hereby a number of areas 9 are formed, which thus are located between the reinforcing grooves 7a,7b,8 and the short sides of the load-carrying plane 2. All of the reinforcing grooves 7a,7b,8 are provided with holes 10 for water drainage. As appears from Fig. 5 3 a number of platforms , 11 * ; a ' tϊthe embodiment shown seven platforms,are provided on each area 9. The platforms 11 are provided with upward punched holes 12, whereby the upward bent edges of the hole 12, see Fig. 5a, result in that a good surface friction is obt¬ ained for the load-carrying plane 2. As appears from Fig. 5b, the area 9 is provided with reinforcing grooves 13 and, respectively, 14, which surround the platforms 11. The reinforcing grooves 13 and OMPI 1 transform continuousla into one another and at the embodiment shown have the same depth. The formation of the reinforcing grooves in the load- -carrying plane 2 is effected by pressing, substanti¬ ally stretch pressing. As appears from Fig. 6, the portions of the blank con¬ stituting the lateral pieces 3 and 4 are to be provid¬ ed with reinforcing grooves, be folded about a number of lines and, besides, certain material is to be rem¬ oved. The formation of the openings 6, see- Fig. 3 , is prepar¬ ed by punching cutting lines 15a and 15b. Besides, material sections l6a,l6b and 16c are removed. For the formation of the lateral piece , along the short side of the load-carrying plane 2, with the rec¬ ess 5 cutting lines 17 are made on the blank. Besides, material sections 18a and l8b are removed. In each corner of the blank the material section 19a, and in connection to the corner the material section 19b are removed. Besides, a cutting line 20 is punched. As appears from Fig. 6, the portions of the blank in¬ tended to be the lateral pieces 3 and 4 of the pallet are provided with reinforcements in the form of im¬ pressions. Between the portions to form the opening 6, the blank is provided with a central rectilinear impression 21, which extends across the longitudinal direction of the lateral piece . On both sides of this reinforcement two impressions 22 are located which have triangular shape and the base of which faces to the load-carrying plane 2. Outside each opening 6, at the embodiment according to OMPI Fig. 6 two impressions 23 and 24 are located, of which the impression 23 located closest to the opening 6 foll¬ ows the form of the opening, while the impression 24 located outside thereof is rectilinear and extends across the longitudinal direction of the lateral piece 4. As appears from Fig. 6, also the blank portion to form the lateral piece 3 is provided with impressions 25 and 26. The impression 25 located closest to the recess 5 has a shape agreeing with that of the recess 5 3 while the impression 26 located outside thereof has rectilin¬ ear shape and extends across the longitudinal direction of the lateral piece 3 - As regards the folding of the blank portion to form the lateral piece 4, the openings 6 are formed in that the material sections 27 3 28,29,30,31 and 31a, which are loc¬ ated inside of the contour " line 32 of the opening 6, are folded inward about the contour line, so that the inward folded sections substantially form a right angle with the lateral piece 4 proper. As appears from Fig. 6, there is no sharp definition between the different material sections, but they transform continuously one into the other. From Figs. 7-10 appears how the material sections 27, 29 and 3 are connected to other parts of the pallet. This will be dealt with in detail lateron. In order to form the lower edge beam of the lateral piece 4, the material sections 3 , 3 and 35 are folded about the folding lines 36,37 and 38, respectively, The material section 39 connects the portion of the material section 33 adjoining the corner to the material section 35. From Figs. 7-11 appears how the material sections 33,34,35 are folded. The sections 35 and 29 are connected to each other, for example by welding, whereby the edge beam 40 is formed and given OMPI sufficient stability. As regards the material section 27, it is connected to the bottom of the groove 7a, for example by welding, whereby an upper edge beam l of the lateral piece 4 is formed. At the ends of the openings 6 facing to the impressions 32 the material sections 30,31 and 31a are folded inward, so that at least the section 31. substantially forms a right angle to the lateral piece 4 proper. As appears from Fig. 11, a tongue 31b of the material section 31 is folded relative to said material section and connected to the bottom of the groove 7a, for example by welding. A flap 31c is folded relative to the section 31 proper, see Fig. 7, in order to reinforce the free edge of the section 31- The material section 28 is bent inward to an angle of substantially 45 to the lateral piece 4 proper. In or-der to form the recess 5 of the lateral piece 3 , the material sections 42,43 and 44 are folded about the folding lines 45 a 46 and , respectively. . ' -From Fig. 10 appears how the folding takes place. The material sect¬ ion 42 is connected, for example by welding, to the lower side of the load-carrying plane 2, whereby a box beam 48 is formed. The material sections 49 are folded inward to a subst¬ antially right angle to the lateral piece 3 proper, whereby the lateral edges of the recess 5 are reinforc¬ ed. The corner between the lateral pieces 3 and 4 is formed in that the material section 50 in each corner is folded inward and connected to the lateral piece 3 on the out¬ side thereof, and the material section 51 in each corn¬ er also is folded inward and connected to the lateral piece 4 on the inside thereof, see Fig. 10. The mater- OMPI ial sections 52 and 53 in each corner are folded in¬ ward, whereby the section 52 is connected to the inward folded material section 33 on the upper side thereof. The aforesaid connections preferably are made by weld¬ ing. The embodiment shown in Figs. 6'- 11' differ from the embodiment described above in that the edges of the openings 6:are reinforced in a corresponding manner in the area of their ends. The blank for the pallet, see Fig. 6' , in each portion to form the lateral piece 4 is provided with only one cutting line 15' •» Where the cutting line 15' terminates, the material sections 16' are removed. In a corresponding manner as at the embodiment describ¬ ed above, the material sections 27' and 20' are conn¬ ected, for example by welding, to other parts of the pallet. The material sections 28' and 30' are folded only in¬ ward, substantially to an angle of 45 to the lateral piece 4 proper. The reinforcements located between the openings 6 partially have a different design than at the first embodiment. The central impression 21' has not been altered. As regards the impressions 22' located on both sides of this impression 21' , they have been given a design agreeing with that of the impressions 23 and 23', i.e. they follow the shape of the openings 6. The lateral piece 3 is formed in a way corresponding to the embodiment described above. The pallet according to the invention is made of sheet metal, and the ductility and load-carrying properties of the material have been utilized at optimum. At the embodiments shown the load-carrying plane 2 proper is reinforced in two directions perpendicular to each other. The reinforcement of the- load-carrying plane 2 takes place gradually, starting through the small reinforcing grooves 14 all the way up to the central reinforcing groove 7b. It is, of course, poss¬ ible within the scope of the invention to form altern¬ ative reinforcing configurations for the load-carrying plane. It is, for example, imaginable that there are only diagonally extending ol? circular reinforcing grooves in the load-carrying plane 2. Also other con¬ figurations of the reinforcement, which in an accept¬ able way take down the loads to the lateral pieces, of course, can be imagined for the load-carrying plane. The reinforcing groove 7a has a greater depth than the reinforcing grooves 7b. For rendering it possible to insert the fork beneath the load-carrying plane as smoothly as possible, the lower side of the edge beams 48;48' are on the same level as the lowermost point of the reinforcing groove 7b. In a corresponding way, the lower side of the edge beams 4l;4l' is on the same level as the lowermost point of the reinforcing groov¬ es 7a. The lateral pieces 3 and 4, thus, are provided with reinforcing edge beams 48;48' and, respectively, 40, 4l;4θ',4l'. As regards the lateral piece 4, the entire piece by itself acts as a beam. This is of great import- * ance for the carrying capacity of the pallet, i.e. that the material can be utilized as effectively as possible. In order to prevent the material in the lateral pieces 3 and 4 from buckling, they are provided with reinforce¬ ments in the form of impressions 21-26;21'- 26', which prevent buckling in the portions of the lateral pieces which are subjected to compressive stresses. Due to the fact that certain impressions, 23,23' and 25,25', foll¬ ow the contour of the holes 6 or recesses 5, the risk additionally decreases that buckling will occur in the lateral pieces 3 -nd 4. According to a further embodiment of the pallet accord¬ ing to the present invention, see Figs. 12,12a and 12b, the pallet according to the invention can be manufact¬ ured of three partial elements. This embodiment, besid¬ es, differs from the one described above by the con¬ figuration of the load-carrying plane and the structur¬ al design of the corners of the pallets. As appears from Fig. 12a, the load-carrying plane 2" comprises a reinforcing groove 7"a extending along the , entire periphery with a varying depth. The depth!{.of the groove 7"a is substantially smaller along the long side of the pallet than along the short side thereof. The reason of this is that at the bending inward of the material section 44" this section can be attached dir¬ ectly, for example by welding, to the bottom of the deeper .part of the groove 7"a. Hereby additional bend¬ ing of said material section is avoided, which is necessary at the embodiments described above. From Fig. 12a further appears that the blank shown there¬ in so is bent in the area of the pallet cprners, that a diagonally extending reinforcing portion 54 is form¬ ed, which is i:-; made in one piece with th material section 44". This portion 54 constitutes a material section bent from the short side of the pallet. The blank according to Fig. 12a includes in the area for the corner a further material section 55 bent from the short side of the pallet, which section after bending at right angle lies in the same plane as the long side of the pallet. As appears from Fig. 12a, the blank also includes a connecting edge 56, which is bent downward at a right angle from the load-carrying plane 2" and, for example by welding, will be joined with the blank according to Fig. 12b. O PI The blank shown in Fig. 12b comprises substantially a long side of the pallet with connecting portions 60 to the short sides of the blank according to fig. 12a. What distinguishes the blank according to Fig. 12b from corresponding portions of the one-piece pallets described above, is primarily that the edge beam 40" abutting the support comprises much more material and thereby is stronger. The edge beam 40" .is wider than corresponding edge beams at the embodiments described above. The edge beam 40", besides, has two surfaces abutting the • support. In the area for the corner a portion 57 bent from the lateral piece of the short side is connected from below to the edge beam 40". The blank according to Fig. 12b comprises also a conn¬ ecting edge 58, which is bent inward at a right angle along the long side of the pallet at the upper edge of the lateral piece and which, for example by weld¬ ing, will be oined to the blank according to Fig. 12a. From the upper edge of the openings along the long sides of the pallet a material section 27" is bent inward. The portions 59 of the blank according to Fig. 10"b which will be comprised in the short side of the pall¬ et, comprise an inward bent reinforcing and connect¬ ing portion 60. For forming the pallet according to Fig. 12, the blank according to Fig. 12a is combined with two blanks according to Fig. 12b in accordance with what is shown in Fig. 12. Thereby the corner of the blank according to Fig. 12a will be located within the corner of the blank according to Fig. 12b, whereby the three blanks are connected, preferably by spot welding in suitable places. The material section 27" is- connected from below to the bottom of the groove 7"a. From Fig. 12 appears that the material section 54 forms a reinforcing diagonal in the corner of the com¬ pleted pallet. The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described above, but can freely be varied within the scope of the attached claims. OMPI • s. VrtPO

Claims: Claims 1. A pallet made of one or several thin sheet metal blanks and comprising a load-carrying plane (2;2';2") provided with reinforcing grooves (7a,7b,8;7'a, 7'b, 8; 7"a) and lateral pieces (3,4) provided with recesses (5) or openings (6), so arranged that the pallet is accessible from all sides for lifting means inserted beneath the load-carrying plane (2;2',2"), c h a r .* a c ' t e r i z e d i n that sections (27,42,43,44;' . ' 27', 2',4 y .klf'i 27 44") of the lateral pieces (3, ) ' by folding are moved aside from the main planes there¬ of and are comprised-in edge box beams (4l,48;4l', 48';41",48"), which constitute supports for lifting means, whereby said moving aside has formeαT recesses (5) or at least partially the openings (6) for the lifting means. 2. A pallet as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t ¬ e r i z e d i n that the pallet comprises later¬ al pieces (3 * 0 rigidly interconnected along all of its sides, and that sections folded aside of all lateral pieces (3,4) are comprised in the edge box beams (4l,48;4l' ,48';4l",48") . 3- A pallet as defined in claim 1 or 2, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d i n that in at least two oppos¬ ed edge box beams (4l;4l';4l",48") sections from a reinforcing groove (7a;7'a;7"a) are comprised in the edge of the load-carrying plane (2;2';2"). 4. A pallet as defined in any one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t - r i z e d i n that reinforcing grooves (7a,7b,8;7'a,7'b,8' ;7"a) in the load-carrying plane have substantially the " same depth as the height of some of the edge box beams (4l,48;4l',48';4l",48") and together with these constitute supports for the lifting means. 5. A pallet as defined in any one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that at least two . lateral pieces (4) comprise, in addition to edge box beams (41;41' j4l"). located in connection to the load-carrying plane (2;2';2"), edge box beams (4θ;4θ';4θ") abutting the support, which comprise sections (29;29';29") folded aside from the main plane of the lateral piece (4), whereby said folding aside of said sections (29;29';29") partially has formed the openings (6) in the two lateral pieces (4). 6. ,A pallet as defined in claim 5, c h a r a c t ¬ e r i z e i n that the two lateral pieces (4) are formed as four-part beams. 7. A pallet as defined in claim 5 or 6, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d i n that the circumference of the openings (6) located in the lateral pieces (4) is reinforced by the folded-aside sections (27,29; 27',29';27",.29" comprised in the box beams (4θ,4l; 4θ',4l';4θ",4l") and by flaps (28,30,31,31a;2δ' ,30' , 28"). which connect said sections and form an angle of 60 with the main plane of the lateral piece (4). 8. A pallet as defined in any one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the lateral pieces (3,4) are provided with im¬ pressions (21,22,23,24;21',22',23',24' ), some of which (22,23;22' ,23' ) are located in connection to the open¬ ings (6) . 9. A pallet as defined in any one or more of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i-.n that in the area for the corners of the pallet an in¬ ward bent reinforcing portion (54) is located, which extends diagonally in the corners of the pallet. 10. A pallet as defined in claim 9, c h a r a c t ¬ e r i z e d i n that the reinforcing portion (54) is designed in one piece, with the lateral piece (3) constituting the short side of the pallet. 11. A pallet as defined in claim 9 or 10, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d i n that a reinforcing groove (7"a) extends along the entire circumference of the . load-carrying plane (2"), and said groove (7"a),has a greater depth along the short side of the pallet. 12. A method of manufacturing a pallet from a one- -piece thin sheet metal blank, in which reinforcements (7a,7b,8,13,l4,21-26;21'-26'j) are formed, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d i n that the blank is provided with slits (15a,15b,17;15' ,17' ), that material sections (27,28,29,30,31,31a;27',28',29',30') of the blank are folded aside from the plane of the blank, that the blank is folded together so that lateral pieces (3,--0 are formed, which support a load-carrying plane (2), that possibly additional material sections (42,43,44; 42',43', 4') are folded aside from the lateral piece (3), that the folding aside of material sections (27,28,29,30,31,31a,42,43,44;27',28',29',30',42',43; 44') implies accessibility from all sides to the lower side of the load-carrying plane (2) for a lifting means, that some of the folded aside material sections (42,43, 4,27,28,29,30,31,31a;42', 3',44',27',28',29', 30') are caused to be comprised in box beams (4θ,4l, 48;4l',4l',48'), and that the folding aside of said lastmentioned material sections (42,43,44,27,28,29,30, 31,31a; 2',43' ,44',27',28',29',30') results in the formation of openings (.6) or recesses (5) in the lateral pieces (4 and, respectively, 3) of the pallet.

Inventors: GUSTAFSSON ERIK, KERO ERNST, GUSTAFSSON, ERIK, KERO, ERNST
Applicants: PLANNJA AB
Application year: 1984
Main classification: B65D19
IPC codes: B65D19