METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A HOUSING STRUCTURE

Abstract: A method of constructing a structure of reinforced concrete is disclosed. Two side wall units (1, 10, 11) are installed and beams (14) are bridged therebetween. On the beams (14), a plurality of prefabricated horizontal wall units (22) are placed. Thereafter, the horizontal wall units (22) are joined to each other, and at the same time joined to the beam, with the use of concrete.

Description: METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A HOUSING STRUCTURE BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a housing structure of an atomic power station which is under being constructed according to a prior art constructing method; Fig. 2 partially illustrates a method of constructing a housing structure according to the present invention, wherein a horizontal wall unit is being lifted; Fig. 3 shows a state wherein a beam is being lifted; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of an unfinished housing structure within which equipment parts are installed; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view which shows a joining portion between the horizontal wall units; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view which shows the joining portion with a partitioning wall unit mounted; ; Fig. 8 is a perspective view which shows a balance for lifting the horizontal wall unit; and Fig. 9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a portion A shown in Fig. 8. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: This invention relates to a method of constructing a housing structure. The period of construction work in which a housing structure of an atomic power station is constructed can be shortened by promptly building the housing structure for housing therein equipments used to effect atomic power generation, and by installing such equipments within the housing structure at an earlier time. A conventional method of constructing a housing structure of an atomic power station comprises, as shown in Fig. 1, the steps of digging the ground GL; vertically disposing, in the digged hole, side wall units 1, 2 which consist of steel-bar reinforced concrete; horizontally arranging temporary beams 3 supported on a number of support frames 9; framing concrete mold 4 on the temporary beam 3; disposing anchor bolts 5, sleeve 6, built-in hardware piece 7, iron bars 8, etc. in the concrete mold 4; and pouring concrete into the concrete molds 4, leaving the immature concrete as it is until a sufficiently high strength of the concrete is obtained. It further comprises the steps of, thereafter, collapsing the support frames 9 and taking these frames 9, temporary beam, concrete mold, etc, away from an area enclosed by the side wall units 1, 2 and the horizontal wall unit obtained as above, and then carrying the atomic power equipments into this area for installation. According to the above-mentioned conventional method of constructing a housing structure, however, since the support frames 9 are not taken away until a sufficiently high strength is secured, the time of sendingin and installing of the equipments is delayed, together with the completion time of the atomic power station. Further, according to this conventional method, the operations of assembling the concrete mold, pouring concrete and distributing iron bars are carried out in the form of so-called "high-ground work", which is not preferable from the viewpoint of safety. SUMMARY or THE INVENTION: The object of the invention is to provide a method of constructing a housing structure, which makes it possible to complete the entire facilities of an atomic power station including equipments, housing structure, etc., within a period shorter than that in the prior art method. According to the invention, the use of support frames, which has hitherto been a cause of delaying the time for starting the installation of equipments, is omitted by mounting prefabricated horizontal wall units on side wall units, thereby making earlier the time for starting the installing the equipments, making shorter period of construction work of a housing structure, and thus completing the entire facilities of an atomic power station earlier than in the prior art method. Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT: A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 2 to 9. As shown in Fig. 4, side wall units 1, 2 are made of reinforced concrete and constitute strength members of a housing structure of a nuclear reactor. In making the side wall units 1, 2, built-in hardware pieces 10 are burried in the side wall units, 1, 2, respectively, which reside in the vicinity of their top portions, with their surfaces exposed. After the side wall units 1, 2 are erected, brackets 11 whose tops are horizontally flattened are welded to the built-in hardware pieces 10, respectively. Simultaneously with the welding operation, equipments 12 and pipes 13 are carried in inside of the side wall units 1 and 2. The equipments 12 and pipes 13 are lifted by a crane and carried into a space between the side wall units 1 and 2 through overhead opening. Next, as shown in Fig. 3, a girder or beam 14 made of steel is lifted and horizontally held by the crane, and then is lowered onto the brackets 11. The beam 14, thereafter, is mounted on the brackets 11 at both ends by means of bolts 28 shown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this way, the beam 14 is supported by the side wall units 1 and 2. A horizontal wall unit 22 made of reinforce concrete, on which built-in hardware pieces 15, pipes 16, pipe support 17, sleeve 18, anchor bolts 19, appliance 20, and appliance base 21 are to be mounted, is prepared in advance in a place other than the actual spot of construction where the working efficiency is high, for example, in a wall-unit fabrication factory. Further, where another side wall unit 23 is required to be arranged, the wall unit 23 is also mounted in advance on the horizontal wall unit 22 in advance. Next, as shown in Fig. 2, the horizontal wall unit 22 is lifted and horizontally held by means of a balance 24 which has been lifted by a crane. Thereafter, the horizontal wall unit 22 is lowered onto the beam 14. When lowered, the horizontal wall unit 22 is positioned by operating the crane, in such a manner that its one side edge is lapped upon a corresponding one side edge portion of the upper surface of the beam 14 as shown in Fig. 5. Another opposing horizontal wall unit 22 is similarly positioned on the beam 14 with a gap L interposed therebetween as shown in Fig. 5. In this way, a space G, which is surrounded by the upper surface of the beam 14 and the respective side faces of the two horizontal wall units 22, is formed. Iron bars 25 are protruded from the side faces of the horizontal wall units 22 into this space G. Further, horizontal iron bars 26 are also arranged, as required, above the beam 14 perpendicularly to the iron bars 25. Further, vertical iron bars 29 are arranged, as required, with their ends screwed into the beam 14. On the other hand, since the upper surface of the beam 14 is located at the same height as the upper surfaces of the side wall units 1 and 2, the iron bars 27 protruded from the end faces of the horizontal wall units 22 extend into a zone above the upper end faces of the side wall units 1 and 2, as shown in Fig. 6. Next, where it is not necessary to mount a partitioning wall unit 30 of Fig. 7, which will be explained later, concrete is poured into the space G to join the two horizontal wall units 22 to each other. When concrete is poured, the respective opposed side faces of the two horizontal wall unit 22 and the upper surface of the beam 14 function as concrete molds for preventing the leaking of the concrete fluid. This eliminates the necessity of preparing concrete molds at an elevated place. In this way, a housing structure for housing therein the equipments 12 is constructed. According to this structure constructing method, it is not necessary to erect a number of the support frames for supporting the temporary beam, and the weight of concrete used to make a horizontal wall unit nor to prepare any concrete molds. Further is it not necessary to collapse such support frames and take them away. Besides, since such support frames are not erected in such installation place during the construction of a housing structure, the installation of the equipments 12 can be started at a time earlier than in the prior art constructing method, so that an atomic power station is completed earlier. Further, according to this constructing method, no concrete mold is required separately. As seen, in the method according to the present invention, the causes of prolonging the period of construction are greatly decreased. Further, since the equipments 12 and pipes 13 can be carried inside of the side wall units 1 and 2 from above before a horizontal wall or ceiling is not constructed, their entry can be promptly effected and large--sized equipments can be easily taken in. These features also helpful to shorten the construction period. Further, since the horizontal wall unit 22 is mounted with various equipments in advance, the work for mounting equipments on the upper and lower surfaces of the wall unit 22 at elevated place is not necessary, resulting in little danger of work and short period of construction. Further, since the horizontal wall unit 22 is prepared in advance in a convenient place other than the actual spot of construction, no maturing time of concrete is required in the actual spot of installation. Thus, it is possible to start the installing other equipments and the subsequent operations involved in the construction of the housing structure, immediately after the prefabricated horizontal wall unit has been installed. This is also helpful to shorten the construction period. Where the partitioning wall unit 30 is to be erected above the space G, the pertinent operations will be executed as follows. As previously stated, the space G is formed by arranging the beam 14 and the two horizontal wall units 22 as shown in Fig. 5. Next, a prefabricated partitioning wall unit 30 made of reinforced concrete is lifted by a crane and then is placed above the space G. This partitioning wall unit 30 has the following structure. As shown in Fig. 7, the wall unit 30 is formed interiorly with a concrete supply passage 31 and an air vent 32, each of which is opened at one end thereof at a corresponding side surface of the wall unit 30 and at the other end thereof at the lower end surface of the wall unit 30. Further, as shown in Fig. 7, in the vicinity of the lower end of the wall unit 30, a horizontal hole is formed, and a pair of temporary brackets 34 are temporarily mounted onto the wall unit 30 from its both sides by means of bolt 33 passed through that hole. When the partitioning wall unit 30 lifted by a crane is allowed to fall toward the space G, both temporary brackets 34 are firstly landed on the horizontal wall units 22. For this reason, even the partitioning wall unit 30 having a thickness smaller than the width L of the space G can be erected stably on this space G, whereby the working efficiency is increased. Under this condition, iron bars 35 protruding downwards from the lower end face of the partitioning wall unit 30 is allowed to project into the space G, within which they perpendicularly intersect the steel bars 25 protruding from the side surfaces of the two horizontal wall units 22 into the space G. After the situation illustrated in Fig. 7 has been obtained, a concrete fluid is poured into the space G, thereby joining together the two horizontal wallOunits 22, beam 14 and partitioning wall unit 30 into an integral combined unit. Since the upper face of space G is closed by the partitioning wall unit 30 and the paired brackets 34, the fluid concrete is introduced into the space G through the concrete supply passage 31, and the air in the space G is exhausted through the air vent 32. Accordingly, the space G can be completely filled with concrete. Next, after the concrete in the space G has exhibited a specified strength, the brackets 34 are taken away if required, the bolt 33 is withdrawn, and concrete is injected into the empty bolt hole to blind the same. By performing the foregoing operation, the bonding of the prefabricated partitioning wall unit 30 and the two horizontal wall units 22 can be effected at one time. As a result, it is possible to shorten the construction time. Besides, by performing the foregoing operation, a strong bond and a perfect seal are obtained by virtue of the concrete completely filling the space G. The beam 14 is utilized later for receiving other pipes or equipments. Further, the upper surface of the structure is covered with mortar and shape to have a camber, when required. This mortar finishirg operation may be performed either before or after the equipments installation. In the structure constructing method of the present invention, the horizontal wall unit 22 is desired to be lifted or transferred stably with its attitude maintained horizontal. To this end, the wall unit 22 is suspended with several ropes including diagonally crossing ropes with each other, as shown in Fig. 8, for preventing lateral motion of the wall unit. At each corner of the upper surface of the horizontal wall unit 22, a metal fitting 38 shown in Fig. 9 is mounted in order to secure the ropes 37. This metal fitting 38 comprises an anchor portion 39 buried in the concrete body of the wall unit 22 and formed with a female screw 40, and a metal ring 41 including a male screw 42 for engaging with the female screw 40 of the anchor portion 39. After the wall unit 22 has been mounted on the beam, the male screw portion 42 is disengated from the female portion 40, thereby removing the lifting metal ring 41 from the wall unit 22. Thus, a flat horizontal-wall surface having no protruding metal piece obtained, so that installing the equipments thereonto can be effected without hindrance. According to the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention, since the horizontal wall unit is prefabricated in advance and the installation of the equipments can be started earlier, it is possible to shorten the construction period required on the constructing spot. Further, since the horizontal wall unit is not fabricated at an elevated place on the constructing spot, safety is guaranteed. Besides, no concrete mold is required for joining the horizontal wall units. Furthermore, since the horizontal wall unit is prepared at a place well equipped, not only the productivity but also the quality of the wall can be improved at the same time. Having described a specific embodiment of our bearing, it is believed obvious that modification and variation of our invention is possible in light of the above teachings.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A method of constructing a housing structure having side wall units, a horizontal wall unit, and equipments which are to be installed within an space enclosed by said wall units, comprising the steps of installing said equipments within said space after erecting said side walls, and thereafter, placing said horizontal wall unit, which has been prefabricated, above said space on said side wall units. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said horizontal wall unit is fabricated simultaneously with the installation of said side wall units. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein beams are bridged between said side wall units and then said horizontal wall unit is placed on said beam, thereby placing said horizontal wall unit on said side wall units. 4. A method according to claim 3, wherein adjacent two of a plurality of said horizontal wall units are placed on said beam with a gap interposed therebetween to define a space by the opposed side faces of the wall units and an upper surface of said beam, and concrete is poured into said space for joining said wall units and said beam. 5. A method according to claim 4, wherein said side wall units support said beam with the upper surface of said beam leveled nearly equal to the upper surface of said side wall. 6. A method according to claim 4, wherein a partitioning wall unit having a concrete supply passage and an air vent is disposed above said space defined by opposed side faces of two adjacent horizontal wall units and upper surface of beam, and concrete is introduced into said space through said concrete supply passage and air is vented from said space through said air vent.

Inventors: USHIRODA, KOUICHI
Applicants: HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1984
Main classification: E04B1
IPC codes: E04H5, G21C13, E04B1, E04G21