DOLLY

Abstract: A dolly carries a fifth wheel for connecting a trailing vehicle, a drawing device (18, 20, 24) for pivotable connection of the dolly (8) to a drawing vehicle and elongated side supports (22) which by means of a connection movement are movable from a free position to a locked position in which they form an essentially rigid connection between the dolly and a support element (24) carried by the drawing vehicle. Hereby the connection between the dolly and the drawing vehicle can be made sidewardly rigid if needed. By the side supports (22) being carried by pivotal supports (26), which allows sidewards pivoting of the side supports to the locked position, a vehicle rig, including the dolly, can maintain a maximum of allowed length both with and without sidewards rigidity.

Description: Dolly. The present invention relates to a dolly carrying a coupling, e.g. a fifth wheel, for connecting a trailing vehicle, a draw device for pivotable connection of the dolly to a drawing vehicle and elongated side supports which by a connection movement are movable from a free position to a locked position in which they form an essentially rigid connection between the dolly and a support element carried by the drawing vehicle in order to make the connection between the dolly and the drawing vehicle sidewardly rigid if needed. Practical tests with vehicle rigs of the double semitrailer combination type have shown ,that in connection with driving with a sidewardly rigid dolly at low velocities and with forceful manoeuvres, abrupt turns, etc., the stresses in the side supports become great, and the tyres of semitrailer and dolly rub heavily with great wear of the tyres as a consequence. The side supports should therefore be able to be eliminated in some way in connection with driving at lower velocities. It is also only at high velocities the dynamic stability becomes improved with a sidewardly rigid dolly. If the drawbar is extended at lower velocities, such as is suggested in the Swedish patent application 8102442-4 the side supports are principally disengaged as desired. Simultaneously, however, the total length of the rig is increased and this can be less desireable when the aim is a rig having the maximum allowed length of 24 metres also with a rigid dolly. One object of the present invention is to provide a dolly structure that with unchanged length of a vehicle rig of the double semitrailer combination type optionally allows driving with sidewardly rigid and not sidewardly rigid dolly. A further object of the invention is then to make possible, to great extent, an automation of the change to and from a sidewardly rigid dolly. The above ojbects have been attained in that, in a dolly of the kind defined by way of introduction, the side supports are OMPI carried by pivotal suppoots allowing sidewards pivoting of the side supports to the locked position. The invention shall now be described more closely below with reference to a number of embodiments shown on the attached drawings, whereby also the advantages of the invention will appear. On the drawings Figure 1 illustrates a double semitrailer combination in sideview and simplified; Figures 2 and 3 schematically in a plan view show the drawbar portion of a dolly included in a rig according to Figure 1, in order to illustrate first and second embodiments of the invention; Figures 4 - 6 in similar views show a third embodiment, Figures 7 and 8 in the form of portions of similar views show fourth and fifth embodiments; Figures 9, 10 and 11, 12 still in similar views show sixth and. seventh embodiments; Figure 13 schematically shows a coupling device for making possible automatic connection and disconnection of the function according to the invention; and Figure 14 shows a diagram illustrating the mode of operation of the coupling device according to Figure 14. In the different Figures the same reference numerals have been used for indicating elements with the same or similar functions. The double semitrailer combination shown in Figure 1 includes a drawing vehicle 2 with a- fif h wheel 4. By means of the fifth wheel a semitrailer 6 is connected to the drawing vehicle 2 in a conventional manner. A dolly 8 carrying a fifth wheel 10 is connected to the semitrailer 6. By means of the dolly 8 a second semitrailer 12 is connected into the vehicle combination. The dolly 8 includes a frame 16 carried by wheels 14 and on which the fifth wheel 10 is mounted. The frame 16 carries a drawbar 18 in a way that can be conventional per se. The shaft of the wheels 14 can be arranged to be tracing at lower velocities of vehicle combination, but to be locked at higher velocities. The drawbar 18 at its forward end includes a towing eyelet arranged to be connected to e.g. a conventional trailer coupling 20 of the yoke type. Common to all embodiments according to Figures 2 - 12 is that the dolly 8 has elongate side supports 22, which by means of a connection movement are movable from a free position to a locked position in which they form an essentially rigid connection between the dolly 8 and a support element 24 carried by the semitrailer 6, the trailer coupling 20 being mounted on said support element. Hereby the connection between the semitrailer 6 and the dolly 8 can be made sidewardly rigid if needed. More particularly, the side supports 22 in all embodiments are carried by pivotal supports 26, which allow sidewards pivoting of the side supports 22 to said locked position. Below a number of different embodiments of the side support 22 and the pivotal supports 26 will thus be described, but since the function of said elements is the same in all embodiments the reference numerals 22 and 26, respectively, will be used all through. The support element 24 can either form part of the frame of the semitrailer 6 and thus in a conventional way be formed as the draw beam thereof, or it can form a part of the draw device of the dolly. In the latter case the support element 24 and the coupling between it and the draw bar are carried by the dolly. The frame of the semitrailer 6 can then be formed with guides, not shown, at its rear end, into which the support element 24 can be shifted and disconnectably connected with the frame of the semitrailer 6. Of course, the coupling need not then be formed as a yoke type coupling. In the embodiments according to Figures 2 and 3 the pivotal supports 26 form a fixed portion of the drawbar 18. The purpose of the side supports is to prevent the dolly from rotating around the coupling pivot and this can be attained, by connecting the outer corners of the vehicle portions to each other. Three cases are then conceivable. BU REA ___?''!____ A v. ™ * Case 1. The side suppoots carry compressive forces only. The pulling forces are then taken up by the trailer coupling. The advantages are that it will be easier to form side supports and pressure surface. Case 2. The side supports carry pulling forces only. The compressive forces are then taken up by the trailer coupling. The advantages are a simpler dimensionering of the side supports and that it is easier to take up pulling forces. It is also advantageous for the trailer to take compressive forces only. Case 3. The side supports carry both pulling and compressive forces. The trailer coupling is nearly completely unloaded and does only carry vertical and side forces. The advantages are that the forces in the side supports will be much less (half) and are directly transmitted. Into the frame of the semitrailer. Operation of the side supports 22 can be carried through automatically from the driver's cabin. The side supports shall be able to be moved out each by itself but simultaneously so that if the vehicles 6, 10 (12) are angled with respect to each other, one support is entirely moved out whereas the other support moves out successively as the vehicles become aligned. This can be attained by providing the support element 24 according to Figure 3 with a "touch ramp" 28 so that the support 22 shall not be caught anywhere but shall slide out to its correct position as the vehicles 6 and 12 become aligned. Since It is desirable to have the least possible play between side support 22 and support surface of the support element 24 it may be difficult to get the other side to move into position. This is facilitated/made possible by the fact that the coupling 20 is accommodated in rubber blocks, which implies that It will be drawn out a little (pressed inwardly a little, respectively), when the first side support 22 is moved into engagement. The operation of the support 22 can be carried through by means of a cylinder, either a cylinder 30 sitting between the two supports 22 or two cylinders acting upon each its support 22, but which get a control impulse simultaneously. If the side supports have been made to take up only drawing forces alternatively drawing and compressive forces the side support that is able to move out completely (at an angle between the semitrailer and the dolly) should be given the possibility to yield elastically somewhat, when the vehicles are brought Into alignment, in order to be able to slide into the right position. Where the side supports only are made to take up drawing forces a solution is also conceivable where the side support can move into the right position by using a back stop (not shown) on the support element 24 which can be opened at pressure from the rear but not at pull from the front. In the embodiment according to Figures 4 - 6 the pivotal supports 26 in the form of sliding blocks are shiftably mounted on the side beams 31 of the drawbar 18. A locking device for each pivotal support 26 includes two stop blocks 32, which are pivotally arranged on the drawbar 18 about a vertical axis 34 each. The opposite stop blocks 32 are pivotally linked in pairs by means of two links 36, 38 and 40, 42, respectively. Between the common pivot 44 of links 36, 38 on one hand and the common pivot 46 of links 40, 42 on the other hand, a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 48 acts. By means of the hydraulic cylinder 48 the stop blocks 32 can be pivoted into or out of the sliding path of the pivotal support 26. In the position in the sliding path, shown in Figure 4, the distance between abutments 49, at the end of the stop blocks 32 facing each other is essentially the same as the dimension of the pivotal support 26 in the sliding direction thereof. Hereby an essentially playfree locking of the pivotal support 26 between the stop blocks 32 is obtained. On each side of the coupling 20 the support element 24 carries a coupling means 50 intended to be connected to a corresponding coupling means 52 at the end of each of the side supports 22. The coupling means 52 can e.g. be a coupling eye and the coupling means 50 a coupling hook, or similar, adapted thereto. In the not connected position of the drawbar 18 the side supports 22 are kept inwardly pivoted against the side beams of the drawbar. At connection of the drawbar 18 to the coupling 20 also the side supports 22 are connected each to its coupling means 50 manually or automatically controlled. At driving at lower velocities, when it is desirable that the stiffening action of the side supports shall be able to be eliminated, the stop blocks 32 are pivoted out of the sliding path of the pivotal support 26 so that the latter Is freely slideable back and forth along the side beam of the drawbar, cf. Figure 6. If it is desired that the side supports 22 shall be put into function a force is applied by means of the cylinder 48 on the stop blocks 32, that tends to pivot them into the sliding path of the pivotal support 26. This can happen Independently of the mutual angular position of the drawing vehicle and the trailing vehicle, as Is indicated in Figure 5. As shown there only one stop block on each side has been pivoted into the sliding path of the pivotal support 26 at the arrows 54, whereas the other stop block is prevented from pivoting due to the fact that it rests against the pivotal support 26 at the arrows 56. As the rig is straightened out each pivotal support 26 will, however, slide against the respective sop block 32 located at the arrows 54, until the stop blocks at arrows 56 are made free so that also they can pivot into the sliding path and the state Illustrated in Figure 4 is attained, where the side supports are entirely locked. Figure 7 schematically illustrates a modification of the embodiment according to Figures 4 - 6, having the same way of operation as this. More particularly, the operating means of the stop blocks 32 have been otherwise designed. While cancelling elements 36 - 48 each stop block 32 on each side of the draw bar 18 includes a lever extension 58. The two lever extensions 58 are interconnected by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 60. By means of the cylinder 60 the stop blocks 32 can be pivoted into or out of the sliding path of the pivotal support 26. OMPi fa. tPO .^ In Figure 8 an embodiment is shown which to a great extent is designed the same way as the embodiment according to Figures 4-6 and 7, and which has identically the same way of operation as these. The stop blocks 32 are influenced by a common double acting linear motor, e.g. a hydraulic motor 62. More particularly, the respective piston rods of the hydraulic motor 62 at one end are pivotally connected to each a link 64. Each link 64 is pivotally connected in between the stop blocks 32. The connection 66 between one end of the link 64 and the corresponding end of the stop block 32 also admits a limited relative shifting movement between the two elements. For this purpose the link 64 in the way shown at said end can include an elongated hole 67 cooperating with a pivot pin located on the end of the stop block 32. In Figures 9 and 10 a further embodiment is shown. The side supports 22 are slideable In sleeves forming the pivotal supports 26 and pivotally arranged on the drawbar 18 about an axis 68. Means, not shown, are arranged for locking the respective sleeve 26 and side support 22 in fixed relationship in a desired position. In Figure 10 one side support 22 is shown as moved to the end position thereof in the sleeve 26. In Figures 11 and 12 an embodiment is shown where the drawbar 18 is provided with telescopic side supports 22 in the form of linear hydraulic motors. One end of the hydraulic motor 22 is then pivotally connected to the drawbar 18 in a fixed pivot point. It should be realized that also the embodiment according to Figures 9 - 12 principally has the same way of operation as the earlier embodiments, i.e. the drawbar can be locked in a fixed central position and be released, respectively, for rotation with respect to the drawing vehicle. In a further embodiment forming a modification of the embodiment according to Figure 2, either sliding blocks corresponding e.g. to the sliding blocks 26 shown in Figure 4, or sliding sleeves corresponding to the sliding sleeves shown in Figures 9 and 10, could be arranged for the connection of the side support 22 to the support element 24 in Figure 2. Hereby __0.AP1__ principally the same way of operation as the embodiment according to Figures 4 - 6 and 9 and 10, respectively, could be obtained. For making possible a minimum of space between the rear end of the semitrailer 6 and the fore end of the vehicle 12 carried by the dolly 8, arrangements should be carried through in order to limit the angular deflection between the dolly 8 and the semi¬ trailer 6. A limitation can thus e.g. be carried through to an angle of an order of magnitude of 30°. In the embodiment according to Figures 4 - 6 this limitation can be obtained by means of end stops 70 for the sliding movement of the pivotal supports 26, in Figures 9 and 10 by means of a suitable location of the end stop 72 of the side support 22 for the element 26, and in Figures 11 and 12 by means of suitable dimensioning of the hydraulic motor 22. Figure 13 schematically shows a coupling device that makes possible optional manual or automatic connection into operation of the side supports of the dolly for obtaining a rigid dolly. In Figure 13, 74 indicates a tooth wheel on the wheel shaft of the dolly 8 and 76 is a pickup co-operating therewith. The pickup 76 can be e.g. of an inductive type. The signals from the pickup 76 which are a function of the speed of the tooth wheel 74 are fed to a pulse transducer 78, that provides a suitable signal v^ to the input of a comparator 80. At 82 a circuit is shown for producing a settable comparison value v ? , which is fed to a second input of the comparator 80 in order to be compared to the signal v-. from the pulse transducer 78. The comparator 80 provides an output signal when v, is greater than vy . The signal from 80 is fed to one input of an AND-gate 83, the other input of which obtains a signal from a time relay 84, the input of which is connected to the output of the circuit 80. The time relay 84 provides an output signal when at least 10 seconds have lapsed after an incoming signal occurred-- On -the output of the AND-gate 83 a signal is obtained in a manner known per se when both of its inputs obtain a signal. The output of the AND-gate 83 Is connected to a first input of an OR-gate 86, which also has two further inputs and in a manner known per se provides an output signal when any of the inputs has a signal. At 88 a further comparison circuit is arranged, that obtains an input signal pi representing the pressure in the brake pressure conduits of the drawing vehicle. This signal is compared to a comparison level p « The circuit 88 provides an output signal when the pressure signal p 1 that can e.g. represent a pressure of 0 - 8 bar, is greater than the set comparison level p2 » that can represent a pressure of 1 - 7 bar. A further AND-gate 90 with two inputs obtains as a first input signal the output signal from the AND-gate 83 and as a second input the output signal from the comparator 88. The output signal of the AND-gate 90 is fed to an input of an OR-gate 92. The output signal of the OR-gate 92 is fed to a holding relay 94 that provides an output signal up to 3 seconds after the input signal has ceased. A further AND-gate 96 has two inputs connected to the output of the comparator 88 and the output of the holding relay 94, respectively, and the output of the AND-gate 96 is connected as a second-input to the OR-gate 92. The output of the holding relay 94 is also connected as a second input to the OR-gate 86 and to the third output of the OR- gate 86 a voltage level of 24 volts is connectable via a switch 98. The voltage ϋ = 24 volts shall occur on the output of the OR-gate 86 when any of the following conditions is met: 1. v-^ is greater than V and has been so during 10 seconds. 2. p, was greater than p when condition 1 stopped to be true and is still greater than py * or nas Deer _ greater than p within 3 seconds as lapsed. 3. The switch 98 is closed. The output signal U^ is then used in a way easily conceivable to the man of the art in order to connect the side supports of the dolly into operation. The control system described above gives the following function. At a determined limit velocity, e.g. 40 kilometres per hour, which has lasted in 10 seconds, determined by the time relay, the side supports are connected into operation. By the time delay of 10 seconds multiple connection and disconnection of the side supports is avoided if the velocity varies around the limit velocity. At manual connection into operation of the side supports by means of the switch 98 a warning lamp should be on in the driver's cabin. The side supports are maintained connected also if the velocity goes below the limit velocity but forceful braking occurs, i.e. the pressure signal p^ exceeds p£« I order to allow a so called pumping braking action with the side supports connected into operation the holding relay 94 secures that a time of 3 seconds should be allowed to pass before the side supports are disconnected if the brake pressure should sink below the set comparison value, i.e. if p^ becomes less than p * Figure 14 In the form of a diagram illustrates the above described way of operation of the control system according to Figure 13. The variation of the velocity with time is here introduced and the curve shown includes particularly two parts drawn with thicker lines and designated A and B when the side supports are connected into operation. The section A occurs during driving above the velocity limit. The section B is intended to illustrate driving with rigid dolly during braking down to below the velocity limit, the flattened portions of the curve B then indicating the pumping braking occurs. The sloping lines in Figure 14 indicate the deceleration at the brake pressure limit p~. In the section B the slope is greater than that of said lines.

Claims: Claims . 1. Dolly carrying a coupling, e.g. a fifth wheel (10), for connecting a trailing vehicle (12), a draw device (18,20,24) for pivotable connection of the dolly (8) to a drawing vehicle (6) and elongated side supports (22) which by a connection movement are movable from a free position to a locked position in which they form an essentially rigid connection between the dolly and a support element (24) carried by the drawing vehicle, in order to make the connection between the dolly and the drawing vehicle sidewardly rigid if needed, characterized in that the side supports (22) are carried by pivotal supports (26) allowing sidewards pivoting of the side supports to the locked position. 2. Dolly according to claim 1, characterized in that the side supports (22) are shiftable in their length direction and arranged for continuous pivotable engagement with the support element (24) and that optionally activateable stop means (32) at activation are arranged to arrest the side supports (22) against further shifting when they pass the locked position (Figures 4-12). 3. Dolly according to claim 2, characterized in that the pivotal supports (26) are slideable along guides (31) extending in a direction towards the support element (24), the stop means (32) at activation thereof being arranged to arrest the pivotal supports (26) against sliding movement when they pass the locked position (Figures 4-8). 4. Dolly according to claim 3, characterized in that the stop means (32) include blocks which are movably connected to the guides (31) and when activated and when the pivot supports (26) take their free positions, are forced against and ride on the pivotal supports (26) without arresting them before the pivotal supports (26) reach the locked position (Figures 4-8). 5. Dolly according to claim 2, characterized in that the pivotal supports (26,68) form slide guides for the shifting movement of the side supports (27) (Figures 9, 10). 6. Dolly according to claim 2, characterized in that the side supports (22) are telescopic, e.g. in the form of a hydraulic cylinder (Figures 11, 12). 7. Dolly according to claim 2, characterized in that the continuously pivotable engagement of the side supports with the support element is arranged in association with shifting supports for the side supports on the support element. 8. Dolly according to claim 1, characterized in that an optionally actlvateable operating device (30) for the side supports (22) upon activation is arranged to excert a force on the side supports (23) tending to bring about the connecting into operation movement, and that the connecting Into operation movement is controlled by cam surfaces (28) of the support element (24) with which the side supports (22) are in engagement during the connecting into operation movement (Figure 3). 9. Dolly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support element (24) forms part of the drawing device and is arranged to be detachably connected to the frame of- the drawing vehicle (6). 10. Dolly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by limit position stops (70,72) arranged for cooperation with the side supports (22) for preventing exceeding of a determined angular deflection between the drawing vehicle (6) and the dolly (8). 11. Dolly carrying a coupling e.g. a fifth wheel (10) for connecting a trailing vehicle (12) a drawing device (18,20,24) for pivotable connection of the dolly (8) to a drawing vehicle (6) and side supports (22) arranged to be brought into position for providing an essentially sidewardly rigid connection between the dolly (8) and the drawing vehicle (6) if needed, characterized by means (74-98) for automatically switching on and/or off the function of the side supports as controlled by the velocity of the dolly and/or braking of the drawing vehicle. 12. Dolly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by means (74,76) for sensing the velocity of the dolly and providing a velocity dependent signal, means (80-86) receiving the velocity dependent signal and being arranged to provide a switching on or off signal for the function of the side supports when the dolly passes a determined limit velocity. 13. Dolly according to claim 12, characterized by means (84) for delaying the switching on or off signal a determined space of time. 14. Dolly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by means (88) for sensing a braking parameter and providing a corresponding brake indicating signal, and means (90- 96-86) arranged to receive this signal and, at a determined value thereof, provide a switching on or off signal for the function of the side supports. 15. Dolly according to claim 14, characterized by means for delaying the switching off signal a determined space of time.

Inventors: BYSTEDT CHRISTER, GUSTAVSSON HANS, BYSTEDT, CHRISTER, GUSTAVSSON, HANS
Applicants: SLAEPVAGNSKOPPLINGAR AB
Application year: 1983
Main classification: B62D53
IPC codes: B60D1, B62D53