MULTI-GAUGE METAL STRIP, METHOD OF FORMING SAME AND LEADFRAMES PRODUCED THEREFROM

Abstract: A novel multi-gauge strip is disclosed wherein the multi-­ gauge strip 10 comprises a first strip of metal 12 having a first thickness 14. A second narrower strip of metal 18 has a second preferably greater thickness 20 than the first strip, and coex­ tends longitudinally with the first strip of metal 12 and inti­ mately bonded in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of a welding or brazing material. The multi-gauge strip is produced by pressure bonding the two equal width strips in face-to-face direct metal contact, machining one or more grooves longitudinally in one of the two layers (18) of a suffi­ cient depth to expose the under layer (12) and slitting the bonded strip along the grooves as at (62, 64) and at 66 along the unmachined area (52) between the two adjacent grooves. Optionally the bonded strip can be trimmed along both edges as at 57 and 58. The strip is useful for stamping out leadframes comprising high strength contact fingers formed from the exposed thinner layer (12) and a thicker thermally conductive heat sink frame portion formed from the double thickness section of the bonded multi-gauge strip.

Description: MULTI-GAUGE METAL STRIP, METHOD OF FORMING SAME AND LEADFRAMES PRODUCED THEREFRO While the invention is subject to a wide range of applications, it is- especially suited for use in the formation of multi-gauge strip suitable to produce articles such as electrical leadframes and will be particularly described in that connection. A particular group of leadframes has the dual requirement of high strength and high thermal conductivity. Typically, the high thermal conductivity is required to dissipate--heat from an electronic device mounted or connected to the leadframe. Failure to dissipate sufficient heat may cause malfunction of the electronic device. In addition, high strength is required so that the leadframe can be handled both manually and automatically without distortion of the leadframe. In the past, different metals used to construct leadframes provided sufficient conductivity but compromised the desired strength. In other cases, sufficient strength was obtained, but the metal lacked the desired conductivity. The problem is further complicated by the requirement that the leadframes have "thick and thin portions11. A thick gauge provides improved heat dissipation while a thin gauge, being more easily formed and soldered, provides connecting legs. The present invention provides a multi-gauge strip which fulfills all the above-mentioned requirements by bonding two'different strips of metal and machining them to different##gauges. A technique is known to pressure bond materials by rolling them together in accordance with the principles set forth in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,381,364 and 3,397,045 both to Winter. This technique intimately bonds at least two strips of metals together in metal-to-metal contact without the use of an intervening material such as a welding or brazing material. Once the two sheets of metal have been joined together, it is necessary to continuously mill the resulting strip to produce the desired variations in gauge. In U.S. Patent No. 3,992,977 to Winter et al., a method of continuous shaving to produce a multiple gauge metal strip is disclosed. U.S. Patent No. 3,630,429 to Matsuda et al. discloses an apparatus to form composite metal wire consisting of steel wire or the like cladded with a metal covering of aluminum or other metals. The apparatus provides pressure bonding at a high temperature followed by shaving off any excess material created during the bonding process. U.S. Patent No. 3,465,419 to Keenan et al. discloses, for example, a method of making decorative metal stock wherein a plurality of metal layers are bonded together by known bonding techniques and recessing certain selective area portions'of the laminated cladding by machinery, drilling, or grinding. This reference uses a bonding technique different from the present invention and does-not provide for the longitudinal removal of metal from a strip as required by the present invention. U.S. Patent No. 3,202,588 to Fromson discloses a method of making decorative metal sheet wherein two layers of material are metallurgically bonded together, a protective coating applied to selected areas of the exposed surface of one of the layers and removal in the uncoated areas by grinding, milling, or etching. The present invention does not require a protective coating because the shaving apparatus is able to selectively remove the desired material. U.S. Patent No. 3,826,627 to Pryor et al. discloses a decorative composite article wherein two materials may be bonded by any suitable technique such as pressure rolling as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. '3,381,364. Then, portions of one of the layers mav be removed by a suitable method such as machining or chemical etching. Ihis reterence dues not disclose the concept of the present invention where tne metal removal is accomplished by a continuous shaving in the longitudina! direction of the bonded strip material. lhe present invention seeks to provioe an improved and simplified form of multi-gauge strip useful for items having the requirements of high strength, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and variation in gauge, e.g. in the manufacture of leadframes and to provide a method of forming such strip whic substantially obviates one or more of the limitations and disadvantages of the described prior arrangements, and whicn ir, particular can operate in a continuous manner to produce multigauge metal strip both quickly and efficiently and, therefore, economically. In one aspect of the invention there is provided a multi-gauge metal strip comprising two superimposed strips of metal of different thicknesses pressure bonded together in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of welding or brazing material, one of said strips being narrower than the other hereby providing a bonded multi-gauge strip having across its width a first section having a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of one of said two strips and a second section having a thickness substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the two strips. Most preferably the first section of the bonded strip has a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the thinner of the two strips and is of greater strength but lower thermal conductivity, and can thus be used to form leadframes in a manner hereinafter described having thin, high strength contact fingers and a thicker, thermally conductive frame section. In a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of forming multi-gauge metal strip which comprises superimposing two metal strips one on top of the other in direct faceto-face contact; pressure bonding the two superposed strips together in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of welding or brazing material; and machining one or more grooves along the length of the bonded strip in one of the two layers, such grooves being of a sufficient depth to expose tne underlying layers. After machining, the bonded strip can be slit along the grooves and/or between adJacent grooves to provide a plurality of multi-gauge strips preferably all of identical cross section, and thereafter stamped to form individual leadframes having the characteristics above described. Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which : Figure 1 is a flow chart of the general method of this invention; Figure 2 is a cross section of two bonded strips of material; Figure 3 is a perspective view of a shaved bonded strip before slitting; Figure 4 is a perspective view of a multi-gauge strip; Figure 5 is a top view of a stamped leadframe; and Figure 6 is a view of a multi-gauge strip having a slot in accordance with the present invention. In accordance with the present invention, a multigauge strip 10 is provided. The multi-gauge strip includes a first strip of metal 12 having a first thickness 14 and extending longitudinally for a given length 16. A second strip of metal 18 having a second thickness 20, is narrower in width 22 than the substantially constant width 23 of the first strip, and coextends longitudinally with the first strip of metal 12. The first and second strips of metals 12 and 18 are intimately bonded in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of a welding or brazing material whereby the multi-gauge strip 10 has a first portion 24 extending the given length 16 having a third thickness 26 substantially equal to the sum of the first and second thicknesses 14 and 20, respectively. The multigauge strip also has a second portion 28 of substantially constant width 30 extending the given length 16 and having a fourth thickness 32 substantially equal to the first thickness 14. The present invention is concerned with producing a multi-gauge strip which is ideally suited to form a particular family of leadframes having the dual requirement of high strength and high thermal conductivity. Typically, when a given metal has sufficient conductivity, it lacks the desired strength. Similarly, in a given metal having sufficient strength, the metal lacks the desired conductivity. Further, the leadframes have thick and thin gauges. The thick gauge is useful for con ructions while the thin gauge, being formable and solderable, is useful for connecting legs. The present invention provides a process and apparatus to quickly and efficiently form multi-gauge strip having both high conductivity and strength. The first strip 12 is formed of a material having high strength and sufficient thermal and electrical conductivity. This material is preferably a copper alloy such as C510, C762, or C725. Since this material is used to form the connecting legs 34 of a leadframe requiring formability and solderability, the gauge is relatively thin. Due to the standards of the electronic industry, the legs usually have a thickness of either 015" or .rns11 (0.381 and 0.45? mm respectively). Accordingly, this is the preferred thickness of the material of the first strip 12. Of course, it is within the scope of the present invention to form the strip 12 of other alloys or metals and of other thicknesses. The second strip 18 is formed of a high thermal and electrical conductive material such as Cl092, ClOg4, or Cll0. Since the strip 18 is used as a heat sink, it is preferably thicker than the strip 12. Due to the standards of the industry with respect to the dimensions of leadframes, such as leadframe 36, the thickness 20 of the strip 18 is preferably.#1(I.7#)1t is within the scope of the present invention to form the strip 18 of other materials such as metals or alloys which have the characteristic of high electrical and thermal conductivity. In order to more fully understand the process by which multi-gauge strip 10 is manufactured and formed into the leadframe 36 as shown in Figure 4, a detailed exemplary description follows. Referring to the flow diagram of Figure l, block 40 represents a cleaning station where the metals may be cleaned preparatory to joining. The cleaning process may be in accordance with that described in U.S. Patent No. 3,397,045 which includes a wet chemical cleaning treatment to degrease the metal surface; For example, the metal may be immersed in a degreasing solvent such as trichlorethylene or in an inhibited solution of an alkaline cleaning agent such as a solution of trisodium phosphate in water atlm0F(?PC). In addition, the surfaces to be Joined may be mechanically cleaned and roughened by mechanical wire brushing in accordance with the latter reference if so desired. Although these processes may be desirable, they are not necessarily required and may be omitted if so desired. The two strips of metal then move to a bonding station represented by block 42. At this station, the strips are intimately bonded in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of a welding or brazing material This bonding may be accomplished in accordance with the posit bonding principles as set forth in U.S. Patent No. 3,397,045 or 3,381,364. As described in those patents, the two strips of material are fed into a rolling mill at different speeds to form an integrated composite strip of material where the direct metal-to-metal contact is a substantially diffusionless interatomic bond. The integral composite sheet metal strip which is formed has good bond strength with the core and cladding being bonded together in divot metal-to-metal contact. The interface between the core and cladding is characterized by having greater contact area between the core and the cladding than between planar sheets and having a wave-like interface with a plurality of peaks. The peaks are irregular in distribution and have greater length than height. After the strip is bonded, the thickness 26 of the composite strip may be greater than desired. In this instance, the strip of material is preferably run through a rolling mill station represented by block 44 where it is reduced to the proper thickness of approxi mately.(m1(i.2#).Of course, it may not be necessary to provide this station as the rolling mill used for the bonding process may have already formed the strip to the desired thickness. In either case, the resulting strip will have a first layer formed of the first strip of metal and a second layer formed of the second strip of metal. Ihe resulting strip will have a given length 16, preferably very long, and a general configuration as shown in Figure 2. Specifically, the first strip 12 will have a first thickness 14 which is preferably either .075" or .018" (0.381 or 0.457 mm) as described above. The second strip 18 will have a second thickness 20 which is preferably .035" (0.889mm). Also, the length of the bonded strip will extend in a longitudinal direction indicated by arrow 45 for some given length 16. At this stage of the process the strip may be approximately 16" (41cm) wide. The strip may then be fed through a slitting station indicated by block 46 where the strip is slit into four longitudinal bonded strips having parallel outer edges. The slitting may be accomplished by any conventional device such as the slitters shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 3,706,246 to Keith. Although this slitting operation is frequently required, it is within the scope of the present invention to forego this step in the event that the strip, which has been bonded and if necessary rerolled, is already the proper width. The strip now enters a machining station indicated by block 48 where the machining is performed by draw shaving in accordance with the method and apparatus as taught in U.S. Patent No. 3,992,977. The method disclosed in that patent produces a multiple gauge metal strip product of rectangular cross section possessing regions of two or more variable thicknesses providing a generally stepped surface configuration. The maximum possible stock removal per pass in relation to the yield strength of the strip is determined by measuring the amount of the stock removed up to the point where yielding of the strip occurs under tension. The apparatus for shaving the strip is adjusted to remove approximately the maximum possible stock in a single shaving pass without causing the metal strip to exceed its yield strength. The strip is drawn under back tension through the apparatus and shaved to reduce by an amount confined to an area comprising from approximately 5 to about 50% of the total surface area. The volume of the strip removed ranges from approximately 10 to about 60% as measured in relation to initial strip cross section area. The shaving tool device described in the latter reference reduces the volume of the second strip 18 in a manner as shown in the example of Figure 3. This shaving technique has certain important advantages over conventional milling procedures in removing material in a longitudinal direction from the bonded strip. The advantages include higher speeds of operation, easier scrap retrleval, and fewer passes in less time. The strip passes through the shaving apparatus one or more times as required until longitudinal sections of the second strip of metal 18 are removed for the given length 16 of the strip to a depth whereby the first strip of metal 12 is exposed. It is frequently necessary to run the strip through the shaving apparatus a number of times in order to remove the desired amount of material without exceeding the yield strength of the strip whereby it may rupture. This can be understood by referring to Figure 3 where two longitudinal sections have been removed leaving three remaining longitudinal sections 50, 52 and 54 of the second strip of metal 18. It is within the scope of the present invention to provide any desired configuration of the strip, after it has left the machining or shaving station 48, as a matter of choice. For instance, there may be more or less grooves cut into the strip at eigher less or greater thicknesses. The shaved strip may then be fed into a station 56 where it is slit in the manner described for station 46. In the example described herein, the strip as shown in Figure 3 could be slit into six separate strips of material by a total of five slits 57, SB, E2, 6n and 66; two of these slits 57 and 58 would preferably be very close to the outer edges 59 and 6D, respectively, of the strip in order to remove any excess material from the outer resulting multi-gauge strips. Two additional slits, at locations designated as 62 and 64, would be centred between longitudinal sections 50, 52 and 54. The final slit would be through the centre of the section 52 through the dotted line 66. The result of this slitting operation would be four, substantially identical, multi-gauge strips with a configuration as shown in Figure 4, and two waste strips from the outer edges. It should be noted, that although the slitting operation at station 56 may be independent from the shaving operation at station 48, the slitting apparatus may be incorporated directly into the line with the shaving apparatus whereby the strip is slit immediately after it has been shaved down to the proper dimensions. Finally, the strip may be coiled at station 68 into rolls of finished multi-gauge strip. Of course, it is not necessary that the strip be coiled, but it may be stored in any other desired manner. Referring to Figure 4, there is illustrated a section of the finished multi-gauge strip in accordance with the example set forth herein. As mentioned hereinabove, the multi-gauge strip includes a first and second portion 24 and 28, respectively. The second portion 28 extends from the first portion to the longitudinal outer edge 72 of the first strip 12 of material. The longitudinal outer edge 74 of the first portion 2,4, formed by the second strip 18, is illustrated and preferably extends at an approximate 900 angle to the top surface 76 of the first strip 12 in the second portion 28. However, it is within the scope of the invention to provide any preferred angle. Once the multi-gauge strip is formed, it may be stamped out at a station 70 to form a leadframe such as the type illustrated in Figure 5. The stamping equipment may be of any conventional design. The leadframe is preferably used for mounting electric devices such as semi-conductors wherein the first strip of metal 12 of the second portion 28 is formed into legs 34. These legs are joined to a dam bar 78 which is connected to the second portion 24 by a plurality of connection leads 80. It can be appreciated that the second portion represented by 28 in Figure 4 includes the connecting legs 34, the dam bar 78, and the connection leads 80. Accordingly, all of these have the same general thickness equal to the thickness 32 of the first strip 12. The second strip of metal 18 which partially forms the first portion 24 is adapted to be a mounting surface 82 for an electronic device (not shown). Since the second strip is an excellent conductor, it facilitates heat dissipation from the electronic device (not shown). The leadframe also includes cooling fins 84. The illustrated leadframe is only exemplary and alternative configurations may be just as easily produced. Another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, includes a longitudinal slot 90 in the first strip of metal 12 within the first portion 24. The number designations are the same as the first embodiment where the same element is represented. The longitudinal slot 90 extends the given length 16 and has a minimum depth equal to the first thickness 32. The exposed inner surface of the second strip of material 18 has a length substantially equal to the slot 90 and is exposed through the slot. Of course, it is within the scope of the present invention to selectively remove metal at other propitious spots whereby electronic devices may be connected to both the surface 92 of the material 12 and to the second strip 18.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A method of forming multi-gauge metal strip characterised by the steps of superimposing two metal strips (12,18) one on top of the other in direct face-to-face contact; pressure bonding the two superposed strips together in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of welding or brazing material; and machining one or more grooves along the length of the bonded strip in one of the two layers, such grooves being of a sufficient depth to expose the underlying layer. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that after machining the strip is slit (62,64) along the length of the groove or grooves and/or along the length of the strip between two adjacent parallel grooves (66) to provide a plurality of multi-gauge strips. 3. A method according to claim 2, characterised in that the plurality of multi-gauge strips produced by machining and slitting the bonded strip all have substantially identical sections. 4. A method according to claim 3, characterised in that before or after machining the bonded strip is additionally slit (57,58) along both longitudinal edges to provide the bonded strip having substantially parallel edges. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterised in that said groove or grooves are formed in the bonded strip by draw shaving the strip in one or more passes through a shaving machine. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1-, characte- ised in that the two strips (12,18) are of different thicknesse and/or of metals or alloys having different strengths andfo different thermal conductivities. 7. A method according to claim 6, characterised in that the bonded strip is formed froma first strip (12) of metal or alloy having a higher strength but lesser thickness and thermal conductivity than the second strip (18), the said grooves beinc formed in said second thicker, thermally conductive strip (16), thereby to expose the underlying thinner layer of higher strength metal or alloy. 8. A method according to any one of claims 1-7, including the additional step of stamping the multi-gauge strip to form a plurality of leadframes (36) each having a thick thermal sink portion (82.84) constituted by un-machined portions of the two superimposed bonded strips, and thinner electrical lead portions (34,80) constituted by sections of the underlying layer exposed by the machining away of the superimposed layer. 9. A multi-gauge metal strip characterised in that it comprises two superimposed strips of metal (12,18) of different thicknesses pressure bonded together in direct metal-to-metal contact without the use of welding or brazing material, one of said strips being narrower than the other thereby providing a bonded multi-gauge strip having across its width a first section (28) having a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of one of said two strips and a second section (24) having a thickness substantially equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the two strips. 10. A multi-gauge metal strip according to claim 9, characterised in that said first section (28) of the bonded strip has a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the thinner of the two strips. 11. A multi-gauge metal strip according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the thinner (12) of the two strips is of a greater strength but lower thermal conductivity than the thicker (18) of the two strips. 12. A multi-gauge metal strip according to claim 9, 10 or 11 characterised in that the narrower (18) of the two superimposed strips is positioned in the bonded strip with one of its longitudinal edges in alignment with one of the longitudinal edges of the wider strip. 13. A multi-gauge metal strip according to any one of claims 9-12, characterised in that the wider of the two superimposed and bonded strips (12,18) has a longitudinal groove (9D) formed therein and of a sufficient depth to expose the underlying strip.

Inventors: HOFER, ROBERT W., TATUM, ROBERT N., ZARLINGO, S. PAUL
Applicants: OLIN CORPORATION
Application year: 1983
Main classification: H01L21
IPC codes: B23K20, H01L21