TOOL TO CAPTURE, CONTROL AND MANIPULATE THREADED FASTENERS

Abstract: The invention is intended for use with threaded fasteners, screws, bolts and similar devices, in their almost limitless applications to assembling objects and structures. These fasteners exist in many types, each requiring a special tool bit. On many occasions screws or other fasteners must be installed or removed in locations difficult of access and of which clear view may not be obtained, also where use of two hands is not possible. This invention is particularly intended for these situations. The invention comprises basically a combination of a barrel (11 or 811) and collar (20 or 201), preferably made of stiff but flexible plastic, which fit over and enclose a tool for threaded fasteners, either with a fixed bit or one which can accept insertable bits. The barrel (11) provides at its working or tip end a set of flexible elements (31) which act to grip screw heads and hold them registered with the tool. The barrel (11) can be fixed in place on the tool shaft by a partial turn of either form of collar (20 or 201). Collar (201) works with a spring (202) to move the barrel (11) into gripping position. A variation for jewellers' screwdrivers uses a miniature barrel (170) without a collar but with a spring (202).

Description: TOOL TO CAPTURE, CONTROL AND MANIPULATE THREADED FASTENERS TECHNICAL FIELD The field of the invention is a common and widespread type of tool, namely a screwdriver or similar tool or imple¬ ment adapted to starting and driving, or in reverse order to locating and removing screws, machine bolts or screws and analagous or similar threaded. fasteners in their various sizes and forms. In one of its forms it is a device for holding screws in registration with the tool bit and start¬ ing them in holes (but not driving them home) ; another is designed for manufacture as an integral part of a complete tool which would be capable of both operations; yet another is designed to be adapted to existing tools (both fixed- bit and with insertable bits) and one special adaptation applies to jewelers' screwdrivers, and includes an ancil¬ lary tool which facilitates replacement of very small ma¬ chine screws in eyeglass frames by feel alone, as one might be required to do if a second pair of glasses is not handy. The adapting device may be fitted to or integrally made as part of tools for all types of screws or machine bolts, including not only the common slotted (fillister) or Phillips head screws, but also special designs such as the Pozidriv, clutch, Torx, Scrulox, Allen head (hex) and Reed Prince. Depending on head design,: it could also be adaptable to types of sheet metal fasteners which have only partial threads, e.g. Dzus fasteners. In a field of art as fundamental as this one, there is broad base of existing art. The basic elements of this invention, taken separately, may resemble existing devices, however their combination as described herein produces a cooperating family of tools which efficiently performs tasks which cannot all be accomplished, nor perhaps any of them as well, with any of the available devices known to applicant, who believes himself -to be one skilled in this particular " art, and knowledgeable concerning such tools. BACKGROUND ART One of the most annoying and difficult problems in the use of screws and fasteners is that of inserting and driving them, or in reverse order locating and removing them, in recesses or places where it is difficult to see 'the head or socket, and where in addition it may be difficult or not possible to use two hands or an auxiliary tool. In these situations, it is necessary, to start and drive the screw,to have a tool which will hold the screw itself, yet release it when necessary. In the case of locating and removing ascrew in * such a location, it is further necessary to have a tool which will enable.the user-to locate the screw and-center the bit of the tool to register with the head, then also cap- ture it dependably and withdraw it as it is unscrewed. Many devices have been offered in an approach to solv¬ ing this problem, or these associated problems, as summarized below. Most of them require two handed operation of the tool to lock or affix it to a screw head, are difficult to apply or perhaps jam themselves under the head after driving the screw home, will not fit in narrow recesses or depressions, or do not perform all the operations required. The proposed invention is designed, simply, to do more of these things better. A widely distributed magazine in the United States, Popular Science (Times Mirror Magazines, 380 Madison Avenue,- New York City) featured in its May 1982 issue a survey and summary article on the field of screwdrivers. This article begins on page 132, and summarizes various special type screws and tools associated therewith. On page 134 there is mention of various types of screw holders or starters con¬ sidered as commercially available, with specific mention of the most common forms with spring fingers or leaves which must be engaged with the head, or those with a wedge or center leaf which turns and jams in a screw slot to hold the screw on the tool bit. " 3 A number of patents have issued on various devices intended to address these associated problems, and reference will be made to the following United States Patents known to applicant herein to have issued. They are listed with names of patentees, and with assigned letters for ease of reference. Ref. Number Patentee Date A 355,392 Fellers 1887 B 601,188 Webster 1898 C 881,296 Chappel 1908 D 1,229,793 Ryan 1917 E 1,889,330 Humes.et al (1) 1932 F 1,925,385 Humes,et al (2) 1933 G 2,028,546 John 1936 H 2,566,673 Nygaard 1951 I 2,633,168 Mahaffey 1953 J 2,762,408 Baldwin • 1956 K 2,952,285 Rδό'sli 1960 L 2,954,809 Loewy 1960 These patents teach a variety of methods for gripping or holding screws and fasteners, and at least one (H,) pro¬ vides for a set of removable bits or heads to convert it to a variable size wrench also. Reference D, to Ryan, involves. a bulky box-shaped holding structure with a thumb lever for engagement which could not be used in a confined space or recess. Some of the features disclosed are the relatively common leaf-spring fingers (described in the Popular Science article) which must be positioned with care to hold a screw head (References A, B, I, J and K ); a split tube type grip¬ ping device ( References C, E, F, G, and L) ; and various methods of activating the holding means, such as cams ( Ref¬ erences G and L ) and double or triple sleeves or barrels which act upon each other ( References E, F, H, J and K ). Some aver that the device automatically releases its grip (References E, F and I ), while others require two-handed or two-step operation to lock and/or unlock ( References A, B, D, J and L ) . DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention herein is intended to offer several advan- tages over the devices disclosed in the references. It pro¬ vides simple operation in confined spaces, not requiring two hands or a separate tool, it accurately locates a screw which is to be removed, aligning the bit or blade with the head, captures the screw head easily, and maintains the bit in. register with the screw head whether removing it or driv¬ ing it home. It also is easy to disengage from the head of a screw which has been driven home - the spring leaf types in particular may be captured under the screw head and locked in or ammed if not disengaged earlier, an operation which may be extremely difficult in a confined space. These advantages are available in the references, if at all, to only a limited degree. The invention comprises a multiple adaptation of a basic barrel or sleeve-type mechanism which at one end is config¬ ured to provide a gripping and holding device for screw heads while at the other end it is provided with a simply operated clutch which allows it to be quickly locked in place on a bit or shaft of a screwdriver which it encloses. In cooperation with this basic barrel mechanism, a collar acts to lock the clutch referred to above, and hold the barrel device in place with reference to its cooperating bit of whatever tvne. The five primary variations are briefly mentioned here, with reference for simplicity to the figure best showing each, however the description of the drawings and detailed descrip- • tion of the best embodiments will follow in their place. In the simplest and first variant, for use as a screw- starter, the basic barrel encloses a plastic bit of the same material ( although it may be provided with a hardened tip to better withstand wear) which is quickly insertable, and easil interchangeable with another providing a different tip to match different types of fasteners. This adaptation is shown in Figure 1. Q_v.P τr Second is the principal adaptation to standard tools for driving and or removing threaded fasteners. Shown in Figure 3 is the basic barrel/collar combination (shown in detail in Figure 2) as mated to a standard fixed-bit screw- driver, with details of guide-pin arrangements, In addition, there is a widely available type of tool for threaded fast¬ eners marketed by several companies which provides .astand¬ ardized barrel with a hexagonal socket adapted to accept and retain by magnetic attraction a standardized series of small bits providing different- types and sizes of bits for avail¬ able fasteners. These interchangeable bits are also made and sold by different manufacturers, but are of the same size and within a. small range, are of the same length. Figure 8 shows the basic barrel and collar combination as adapted to one of these magnetic screwdrivers. The third variant is an alternate adaptation of the basic collar (See Figure 4)-, which provides for an annular recess in the end thereof nearest the handle of the coo erat- ing tool, so that a spring placed over the tool shaft and between the collar and the handle will exert force to extend, the collar and barrel towards the bit end of the tool. The skirt of the collar in this adaptation may be sufficiently lengthened as to go over the ferrule of the handle and pro- vide for electrical protection if the ferrule be metal. . This design with spring extension is particularly adapted to the task of locating screws which are to be withdrawn from places difficult of access or visual perception. With the grip means of the barrel extended beyond the tool tip by the spring pressure, the screw head can be located by feel, the bit centered upon it, then as the screw is initially withdrawn the grip means can be locked upon the .head thereof to secure its retrieval. This variant is adaptable to any of the forms of the tool discussed, except the initial variant, whichis strictly intended as a screwstarter. Fourth, (Figure 6) , an adaptation of the basic design * provides for splitting the barrel in two sections longitud- inally for assembly over a tool shaft by means of threaded ■ collars at each end. This adaptation is intended for useon "keystone" or wide-tipped blades, over which the simpler one-piece barrel could not slide. One of the two collars for assembly of the split barrel contains the grip means for holding screwheads, the other provides the clutch for lock¬ ing the barrel in position on the shaft. This variation may be adapted to use of the spring extension device. Fifth, (Figure 7) , a variant which is a preferred or best embodiment for a special purpose, is a modified barrel of small size, without collar, especially adapted for use on jewelers' screwdrivers, and utilizing a spring for extension of the barrel. An ancillary tool is included for holding the very small machine screws involved, and aligning the hinges of eyeglass frames for assembly by feel with this tool, as one might have to do without other glasses. In these basic variations, the concept of the invention is to provide a family or set of sizes to fit the entire range of sizes of screws and other fasteners, and adapt to the-corresponding range of driving tools ' ith different tips, and configuration of blades. Further variations are con¬ templated to make the device more flexible. Among these may be the provision in the barrel of two grooves to allow it to be used over the wide tip of the keystone blade config¬ uration, thus possibly making unnecessary the split-barrel variation later- described. The heart of the invention, and common to all its varia¬ tions■ '(albeit modified by the elimination of the collar in the jewelers' screwdriver mode, and modified to provide the split barrel mode) is the barrel and collar assembly, shown in detail in Figure 2 and described under the section "Modes for Carrying out the Invention". The version for jewelers' screwdrivers functions in the same manner by use of the spring pressure to hold the modified barrel. Fundamental to the design and improvement offered by the invention is the use of a material of proper characteristics combining not only the toughness to withstand the use contem¬ plated, but also the resiliency to repetitively produce the spring action necessary to accept and grip the screw heads. While the device would work well if fabricated from certain metals, such as brass, production costs would be extremely high, and the.concept of the invention is to produce-, inex¬ pensive sets of a cooperating family of tools. It is there¬ fore preferred to make it from a plastic of the requisite toughness, flexibility and elasticity, which is capable of being injection molded and finish-machined (if required) in¬ expensively and by automated processes. A material meeting these requirements is marketed by DuPont Company under the name Delrin. It is a polyoxyme hylene, and may be consid¬ ered in the classes.of a polyacetal or polyformaldehyde. The basic Delrin might well be satisfactory, but it is preferred to use a variety/whichhas been "rubber-toughened" by a pro¬ prietary process, and is designated Delrin 500T (for "tough") . There is also a Delrin 100ST (for "super tough") which could be used. Characteristic of the toughened types of Delrin is that the failure mode is changed from a brittle fracturemode in the basic Delrin to a ductile failure mode (rough' tear¬ ing) in the 100ST and 500T varieties. There are other mater¬ ials which could be used and the invention is of course not limited solely to the use of the preferred material. To produce the parts of the invention by injection mold¬ ing, it is necessary to provide a taper of at least 1° in that smaller, section of the barrel which contains the grip means (up to the flange seen in the figures) . The larger or head section, however, remains cylindrical for engagement with the collar. This taper gives increased rigidity to the flexible screw-gripping members, so that more segments are required. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 Shows the screwstarter mode of the invention. Fig. la Displays the barrel or sleeve basic to the various modes described hereafter. Fig. lb Shows the insert used as a screwstarter. Figure 2 Shows the basic barrel and collar of the invention. Fig. 2a Is the basic barrel or sleeve; Fig. 2b Shows the collar for barrel positioning; Fig. 2c Is a detail of the grip means construction. Figure 3 Shows the basic barrel and collar as adapted to a screwdriver. Fig. 3a Is the overall tool, excepting a swivel cap; Fig. 3b Shows the handle's swivelling cap; Fig. 3c Shows a detail of the barrel control pin/slot; Fig. 3d Shows a partial ring and pin for shaft mounting; Fig. 3e Shows a full tube and pin for shaft mounting. Figure 4 Shows * a modification of the basic collar as adapted for a spring pressure extension mode. Figure 5 Shows an end view of the screw gripping means with illustrative special bits. Fig . 5a Shows a T.orx bit, with six; grip segments; Fig . 5b Shows a clutch bit with four grip segments; Fig . 5c Shows a Scrulox bit with three grip segments. Figure 6 Shows the split barrel mode of the invention for use with "keystone" tool tips, in an ' exploded view. Figure 7 Shows an adaptation of the invention especially for jewelers' screwdrivers. Fig. 7a Is the handle/blade assembly, with sprin #g; Fig. 7b Shows the miniaturized and simplified barrel; Fig. 7c Is an auxiliary aligning and holding tool; Fig. 7d Shows screw holding holes in the auxiliary tool. Figure 8 Shows the invention as used with a commerc- ally available magnetic screwdriver. Fig. 8a Shows one of the insertable bits which adapt the magnetic tool to different fasteners; Fig. 8b Is the configuration of the commercial tool; F Fiigg.. 8 8cc Shows the barrel of this invention as used with the magnetic driver tool; Fig. 8d Is the basic collar of this invention; Fig . 8e Is the alternate collar adapted for spring pressure extension of the collar/barrel. O fay, Xll Numbers assigned in drawings and description Number Part description Figures applicable 10 Screwstarter assembly 1 11 Barrel or sleeve 1,2,3,4,8 12 Screwstarter insert 1 13 Barrel head (clutch end) 2,4,8 14 Center line hole in barrel 2 15 Barrel clutch segments 2,4,6,8 16 Barrel clutch conical face 2,4,6,8 17 Barrel clutch slots 2,4,6,8 18 Barrel clutch thread slot 2,4,8 19 Collar clutch pin 1,2,4,8 20 Collar (basic clutch) 1,2,3,8 21 Collar conical face 2,4,8 22 Collar centerline hole 2 30 Screw gripping means (barrel) 1,2,3,8 31 Grip means segments 1,2,3,5,6,7,8 32 Grip means slots 1,2,3,5,6,7 8 33 Grip means head grooves 2,6,8 34 Grip means shoulders 2,6,8 35 Grin means shoulder faces 2,6,8 40 Screwstarter insert shaft 1 41 Screwstarter insert head 1 42 Screwstarter insert bit 1 50 Control pin in tool shaft 3 52 Slot in barrel for control pin 3 70 Jewelers' Screwdriver 7 71 Jewelers' Screwdriver bit/shaft 7 113 Barrel head flange ' 2,4,8 117 Barrel enlarged slot for control pin 2,7 120 Collar annulus forbarrel flange 2,4,8 170 Jewelers τ s screwdriver barrel 7 171' Jewelers' screwdriver grip means 7 172 Jewelers' screwdriver barrel slot 7 Number Part description Figures applicable 201 Collar adapted for spring 4,8 202 Extension spring for collar/barrel 4,7,8 203 Collar spring skirt 4,8 204 Collar annulus for spring 4,8 270 Auxiliary jewelers' tool 7 271 Aligning tip 7 272 Machine screw retaining holes 7 300 Tool assembly 3 301 Tool shaft 3 302 Tool bit 3 500 Tool handle 3 501 • Rotating handle cap 3 5C2 Handle annulus for cap boss 3 503 Handle socket . for cap screw 3 504 Screw hole (cap) 3 505 Cap mounting screw • 3 506 Swivel cap boss 3 510 Clip ring for shaft pin 3 511 Shaft pin for barrel control 3 520 Tube for shaft pin 3,7,8 521 Shaft pin for barrel control 3,7,8 530 Tool handle 4 531 Tool shaft 4 600 Split barrel assembly - 6 601,602 Split barrel halves 6 603,604 Threaded sections, grip end 6 605,606 Threaded sections collar/clutch end 6 607 Screw grip means 6 608 Groove in barrel for keystone tip.. 6 610 Collar for split barrel 6 650 Handle 6 651 Tool shaft 6 652 Tool bit 6 653 Machine screw 3 Number .Part description Figures Applicable 800 Magnetic driving tool 8 801 Handle of tool 8 802 Shaft of tool 8 803 Tool receiver for insertable.bit 8 804 Socket for bit in receiver ' 8- 805 Magnet to retain bit 8 806 Insertable bit for magnetic tool 8 807 Tip of insertable bit 8 811 Barrel or sleeve, tapered for injection molding 8 817 Access slot for collar pin 8 1 MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The five variants of the invention summarized above are described in detail, each offering its own advantages. 5 The best or most flexible mode is shown in Figure 8 (which combines the alternatives of Figs 3 and 4) , with a special miniaturized version in Figure 7. First, that adaptation which is intended for use as a screwstarter only, referring first to Figure 1, where it is 2_0 shown with its two parts separated; Fig. la showing the barrel or sleeve, Fig. lb the insert. Barrel or sleeve u (Fig. la) is shown in greater detail in Figure 2. At one end of barrel 11 , here the ' left, is the screw-gripping means 30 , with grooves inside its end specifically designed for • j r holding screw heads (these grooves are shown in detail in Fig. 2c) . At the other end is an enlarged section 13 which ends in face.16 (that of a truncated cone), said end face being split by slots I? into a plurality of segments 15 . Collar 20 is • adapted, as later described, to be tightened over section 23 0 - ά segments I5 , squeezing the latter segments 15 tight upon the insert shaft 40 and acting as a clutch to hold the barrel 11 in fixed position with respect to insert 12 ■ As shown, insert 12 comprising shaft 40 and bit 42 ■ pro¬ vides the working tool, and is a bit which may be quickly 5 interchanged for another. It is made of the same plastic described before, although it may have a hardened tip. Detail ' s, of the screw-gripping means 11 appear in Figure 2c . The tube of barrel 11 is slit longitudinally into a plurality of segments 31 by slots 32 , which extend far enough 0 into barrel 11 so that segments 31 act as flexible members which accept and retain screw heads, yet elasticallyireturn. Depending upon the mode of manufacture and use, from three to six segments 31 axe. satisfactory. (Fig. 5 shows three special bits, with grip-means of three, four and six segments). If 5 the barrel is machined to be truly cylindrical, then three or four segments are effective. However, the one degree taper required for injection molding stiffens the segments s.o that six are required to make them flexible enough, and also for the split-barrel mode (Fig. 6) six may be required. Grip means 30 holds screw heads by a combination of the spring action of segments 31 , but also by annular grooves 33 which are holding grooves especially adapted and formed interiorly in the end of means 30 . Annular grooves 33 are provided in two different sizes to accept different sizes of screw heads, being separated by shoulders 34. The angle of faces 35 to the longitudinal axis of barrel u is approximately 75°, although a range of angles about this number would function satisfactorily. This angle not only provides for a cam action to flex the segments or fingers 31 and allow entry of a screw head, and then facilitate its holding, but also acts to allow release of a screw head, as in the case where it is driven home by the screwdriver mode. Two head-holding grooves 33 axe shown here, each being capable of engaging more than one screw size, so that the tool may handle a range of heads. While three or even more sizes of holding grooves 33 could be provided, and may be, it is unrealistic to expect the smaller heads to be associated with the longer screws, so that two grooves are shown, as the nominal design intention. At the other end of barrel 11 , as shown in Figure 2a, is a section of enlarged diameter 13 , which forms a head to cooperate with collar 20 in providing a clutch action for holding the barrel 11 fixed with relation to the shaft of the enclosed bit (here in the screwstarter version 40 ) . Head 13 terminates in a convex conical surface16 , truncated, and slit by slots 17 into a plurality of segments 15. There are in the clutch assembly as shown four segments 15, but in the split tube mode described later there may be six. The angle -of conical face 16 to the longitudinal axis of barrel 21 is 30°, although a range of angles greater or less than this, within a reasonable range, would be usable. Collar 20 , which accepts the head 13of barrel 11 , has within it a .concave conical surface 21 ,acting as a female coupling device with face 16 to act as a clutch and hold barrel 11 fixed with relation to the contained shaft. As explained below, rotation of collar 20 . forces conical face 21 aσainst face 16 , compressing segments 15 as a clutch. 1 Referring again to Figure 2, pin 19 ,.also of Delrin, is fixedly installed in collar 20 by spin welding, ultra¬ sonic welding, or pressing in place. The purpose of pin 19 is to engage thread slot 18 , which is formed in the surface 5 of the cylindrical portion of head sectio 13 as a grpσve^άrr. depression with the pitch of a number eight thread, by which is meant eight turns to the inch (2.54 cm), so that rotation of collar 20 , once pin 19 is engaged in thread slot 13 .acts to draw head section 13 into collar 20 , which forces conical 10 surface 16 against coupling conical surface 21 in collar 20. This action compresses segments 15 against the enclosed tool shaft ( 3 °l in Fig. 3), acting as a friction clutch to hold the collar/barrel combination ( 20 and 1 ) fixed with relatio to the tool shaft. Approximately one quarter of a full turn 15 of collar 20 is sufficient to produce this locking action.In Figure 2a, showing details of head section 3 , thread slot 18 is shown as a partial helix traversing almost the entire visible semi-circumference of section 13 , beginning at the juncture of the cylindrical and conical faces of section!-? , 20 and progressing away from conical face 16 . In that segment 1 5 nearest to but not containing the end of thread slot Is closest to conical face 16 a longitudinal slot (shown in Fig. 8 as 8 ) is provided for entry of pin 19to a point abreast of- that beginning end. of thread slot ls , to allow assembly 25 of barrel H and collar 20 ' on a tool shaft. ( A small shoulder is provided at the end of slot 2δ to retain pin 9 . . therein once engaged.) In Figure 2 are shown the center holes for the tool shaft ( I 4 and 22 ) . A base ring or flange 11 - 3 on head section 30 13 acts to provide a firm base against which collar may abut when turned to clamp, and flange H 3 is accepted and fits within recess or annulus 220 in collar 20 . In the case of the screwstarter version, it is intended that the head 41 Q f insert I2 may be color or touch coded to 5 indicate the type of bit - a feature which of course could be also.used in the other modes of the invention. The widened slot indicated as II7 , with an enlarged end will be described in conncection with a subsequent mode. V It should be understood that the two basic features of the invention ' just described, that is the manner of grip¬ ping and holding a screw head in means 30 (as shown in phan¬ tom in Fig. 3a), and the clamping action of collar 20 and head sectio 23 on a cooperating tool shaft by a quarter turn of collar 20 axe essentially unchanged. The grip means 30 will engage a screw head either by being forced over it, or by having the head inserted in it manually. It is noted that in the jewelers* screwdriver version (Fig. 7), the collar is not used, and b3 ~ x.ά ' k:Λ70 is extended and held by pressure of spring 202, restrained by control pin52lin slot 117 , however the grip means 1121 , while a simpler version of means 30 , functions- in exactly the same manner. The best embodiment of the invention, as adapted to standard tools, is shown in Figures 3 (plus collar in Fig. 4) and 8, and a special purpose variation in Figure 7. Figures 3a and 3b show the overall tool 300 , comprising handle 500, with swivelling end cap 501, and showing inphantom shaft 301 with its terminal bit 302inserted through and con¬ tained within barrel 11 , which is the same piece as already described and as shown in Figure 2. Head gripping means 30 with its slots 32 dividing it into segments 31 has also been described hereinabove. Collar 20 , as shown in Figure 3a is the same as that already shown and described.Rotating cap 501 , (Fig. 3b)is a desirable feature of the tool made for this invention. Circular boss 506 fits into annulus or socket 502 in the end of handle 500, and retaining screw 505 passes through hole 504into a threaded receiving fitting 503. The handle capwill then rotate or spin freely so a hand may press thereon while rotating the tool. A machine screw, here denoted 653, is shown held in grip¬ ping means 30 , and engaged with tool bit 302 , with its head in phantom. Although not detailed in this figure, the hold- ing grooves 33 and. shoulder 34 previously described and shown in Figure 2 are * an integral feature of means 30 . In opera¬ tion, the screw is inserted in means 30, and engaged with the tool bit, collar 20 is turned to hold barrelll firmly placed with respect to shaf 301 , and screw 653 may be started and driven home, at which time the described cam action in grip means JO will release the head for withdrawal of the tool. The movement of barrel n along a tool shaft may be . . contained within its operating range by a control pin, here shown as SO protruding through slot 52 in barrel H (Fig. 3c). While this pin is not necessary, it is a desirable feature for best - operation, and may be attached in several ways'. A small screw 50may be set in a threaded socket in shaf 3 1 - a clip ring 510 of spring steel (or equivalent) with pin 511 affixed thereto may be snapped or pressed on a tool shaft; or a tube 52ϋ- ith pin 521 1 preferably molded of Del¬ rin may be cemented to the tool shaft with one of several available "super"glues". Tube 520 s best adapted to cylin- drical shafts, clip ring 510 to other forms. Barrel H is shown in simplified form in Figure 3, how¬ ever it is the same barrel as detailed in Figure 2. It may frequently be the case that there will not be a threaded socket for a pin 50 t and if the optional guide,pin is tobe- used, barrel --Hand collar 0 may-desirably be assembledover a tool shaft to which a barrel control pin has been affixed by use of a clip ring5iσ 0 r tube 520 1 as above. For this pur¬ pose, it is intended that one of the slots 1 in barrel - " ■- " • be made slightly wider than the others, to allow barrel^to be forced past guide -± ~ 5ll or 521 by passing said guide pin through this widened slot 117 , shown in Figures 2,7 and 8. Barrel ■ * -• *" will deform to allow passage of the pin through the slot. Slot 117 also extends farther into barrel H and terminates in a broader section which will then function as as a barrel movement control slot as in 52 above * . The tool as shown in Figure 3 is the basic tool-design.: for holding fasteners for starting, driving and"assembly purposes. A more versatile tool is produced by replacing collar 20 by collar 201 which is adapted to cooperate with a spring 202 to force the collar and barrel assembly towards the tip or working end of the tool, which so acts as to extend the grip means 30 beyond the tool tip i 302 )and thus serve as a screw locating device, capable of finding screws in re¬ cesses or hidden'sockets, centering the tool thereon, and gripping them as they are retracted, for retrieval. Referring to Figure 4, this variation of collar 20 is shown as 202 . It is shown engaged with a head section 13 of barrel 22 , and pin 19 is shown engaged with partial thread slot- 18 , precisely as described above. As shown here, head section 13 has not been drawn fully into collar 20, so head segments 15are not com ressed:.On shaft 531, as they would be if collar 201. were fully tightened. Space is seen between surfaces 26 and 22 , and also in.annulus 120.enclosing flanges 113 . . Collar 201 is provided with a skirt or ring 203 enclosing an annular recess204rad-ially disposed with respect to the associated tool shaft (indicated as 531 ) inserted through collar 201 and engaging with barrel 11. Spring 202 is e placed around the tool shaft 531 , abutting against handle 530 and the socket or recess 204 in collar 202 so that the spring pressure acts to force collar 201 (and barrel 11 ) away from the handle and towards the tip end of the associated tool. This adaptation of the basic collar 20 to the use of an extension spring 2 2 is applicable to other modes of the invention and serves to increase the versatility of the family of tools comprising this invention, making it possi- ble to locate, center on and grip screw or bolt heads by touch or feel when visibility if their position is impaired.. Referring to Figure 8, there is shown the use of this invention with a widely available commercial tool sold by several companies (Klein, Mac, and others) under names indi¬ cating that there is a magnetic feature. (The Klein tool is calleda "magnetic screwdriver") . The operation of this tool,here 800- ,is indicated in Fig. 8b: a tool handle 801 , a shaft 802 are the same as any screwdriver; on shaft 802 is affixed an enlarged section 803 , which acts as a receiver for insertable bits , one of which is shown as 806 . These bits, of standard hexagonal cross-section and length, are ^ H l provided by several manufacturers with a variety of types and sizes of working tips 807. These bits 806 , one being.. shown in Fig. 8a, fit into socket 804 , shown in phantom in receiver 803 t being held in the socket by magnet 805 t also in phantom. Figures 8c and 8d show a basic barrel 11 and collar 20 in relation to tool 800 as they would be assembled with it, to operate on the receiver 803 and be able to encompass the end of bit 806. The barrel in this figure is denoted as 811 , and is shown with the taper of approximately 1°, here slightly exaggerated, necessary for injection molding. As previously stated, this tapered sidewall requires the use of six segments 31 in grip means 30 , as so shown here. Also detailed here again are slots 31 , holding grooves 33 , shoulders 34 , and separating earn surfaces 35 , all of which function precisely as previously described. The controlpin, if such is desired, is here shown as 521 f as it.is preferred ^ - to affix a control pin, if required, to receiver 803 by ce¬ menting a tube 520 with pin 521 thereto and to provide barrel 811 with a widened slot H7 ending in a broadened portion as a pin retaining section, as also previously described, to allow sliding barrel 811 over control pin 522 " ffixed to the receiver 803. The collar 20 as shown in Fig. 8d is as prev¬ iously described. , and that denoted as 201 in Fig. 8e is also as previously described in connection with Figure 4, and the various component parts, conical faces 16 and 21 , segments 15 and slots 17 , flange223and annulus 120 , thread slot 18 , skirt 203 , annulus 204 and spring 202 all act as previously described. Shown in Figure 8c as 817 ± s the access slot prev¬ iously mentioned to allow assembly of collar 1 over barrel u (or 811 ) . Pin 19 on collar 20 is here shown aligned with access slot 817 t so that collar 2° may be slid over head section 13 , with pin 29 entering slot 817 t then by turning .collar 2 , pin 19 is forced past a small shoulder o enter thread slot 8 , _ o function as previously shown. In adapting the invention to this standard tool, it may be desirable to affix a retaining skirt on handle 801 oMPl to receive the other end of spring 202 . This skirt, not shown here, would be similar to that shown as 203 on collar 202 . A further adapatation of this concept which could be desirable would be to extend skirt 203 on collar 201 , suffi- ciently±far (and make it larger if necessary) so that it covers and encloses the ferrule end of the associated tool handle ( e.g.500 ) to act to prevent arcing or shock should the tool be used to prbbe in areas where it,.mxght make elec¬ trical contact,(assuming a metal ferrule). It has been found that one effect of the varying thickness of segments 31 which results from the requirement-: to taper barrel 811 for injection molding is that there then are six segments 32 required, and they are of sufficient flexibility and strength that they will act efficiently to grip hex nuts over a reasonable range of sizes. The barrel S22 and collar 2ϋ or202 combination, with an ancillary handk le to operate it, could then be used in conjunction with a nut driver to provide starting of hex nuts, or their re- trieval once broken loose. This would be especially help " - ful in recessed applications. Figure 5 shows an end view of grip means 30 disposed around three of the various special fastener bits to which the use of this tool may be adapted- Segments 31 and slots or slits -∑2 are indicated- in. ig. 5a, but are shown in all three figures. Figure 5a shows a bit for a Torx screw in conjunction with a grip means 30 disposing six grip segments 31 , which might be considered to be typical of an' end view of the configuration shown in Fig. 8, as Klein magnetic screwdrivers are widely available with a kit of insertable bits for Torx screws. Figure 5b shows a bit for a clutch fastener and a grip means 30 with four segments 31 , while Fig. 5c is a bit for a Scrulox or Robertson fastener with three grip segments 31. The use of three or four grip seg¬ ments as in Figs 5b and 5c would be desirable if barrel 11 is machined to have cylindrical walls, but would not be practicable with tapered barrel 811 , as explained above. 21 1 Figure 6 displays an adaptation of basic barrel 11 and collar 20 for use with tools of non-standard shaft and tips, particular with "keystone" blades, of which an exaggerated example is shown here. The handle is shown as 650 , the 5 shaft 651 and bit 652 . The basic operation of the barrel and collar combination is exactly the same as previously des¬ cribed, but differently attained. Barrel assembly eσσis shown here as two parts 601 and 602 for simplicity, although the two parts are not identical, 10 inasmuch as each end is threaded and the threaded ends must present continuous threads when the parts are put together. These threaded sections are shown again in pairs: 605 and606 at the collar end, where they mate with the threads ^ on collar 610 and 603 and 604 at the end nearest the tool tip 15652 , where collar 607 (shown here in half section) combines the functions of assembly collar and grip means (analagous to means 30 ). Collar 610 contains within itaconical face (not shown in this figure for simplicity, but in the same manner as face 21 in collar 20 ) which, when collar 610 is 0 screwed over threaded sections 605 and 606compresses the seg¬ ments of the conical face into which that end of the barrel assembly is formed ( segments 15 , slots , 17 , and conical face 16 are indicated) . In this particular design, it is most effective to provide six segments, rather than four. 5 At the other end of the' barrel assembly 600 , sections 603 and 604 provide a threaded end to mate with threads in collar 607 , which completes the barrel and, as stated above, provides the grip means, grooves 33 , shoulders 34 , segments 31 , slots 32 and angled faces 35 being shown. 0 Indicated in the interior face of barrel section 602 is a widened groove 608to allow for motion of the sleeve with respect to the wide tip of blade 652. This groove may extend the full length of sections 602 and 602 , and also must be present in collar/grip section 607 , although it is not 5 shown in this view for simplicity. In this adaptation, collar 610 screws over the barrel assembly 600, so that the clutch action may be produced by tightening the collar 610 , however means must be provided to accomplish the quick turn lock and limit effect provided by pin 19 and thread slot 18 in the standard configura ion. In the case of a threaded collar620 assembling over two threaded ends 605and 606 , the short control slot, also cut with a pitch equivalent to a thread of about number eight (although another pitch within a reasonable range is satisfactory) is cut into the collar. Then through this slot, a pin is pressed or threaded into the threaded section of the barrel ends, equivalent to the head section 13. Not ' shown in the figure, this arrangement is equivalent in its function to the combination of pin 19 and slot 18 , the relation of the physical elements being reversed. In many cases, standard barrel 811.( since the standard barrel will be tapered) can be adapted, by the provision of longitudinal grooves along its inner surfaces, similar to 608 as shown previously, to accept and slide over a keystone tip, so that the complications of the split-barrel type assembly may not be necessary in any but the most special case. This groove similar to 608 must of course extend through grip mean 30 as well as along the inner part of barrel S22. In the case of a keystone tip tool, or a non-cylindrical shaft, it would be preferable to use the spring clip 510 for affixing control pin≤22 o the shaft, tube 520 being impractical. ' A special adaptation of basic barrel 22 }ι somewhat mod¬ ified with the use of a spring to extend it, is designed for use with jewelers' screwdrivers. Referring to Figure 7a, there is shown a jewelers' screwdriver 70 , with shaft and bit combined denoted by 72. A delrin tube 520and barrel control pin 522 have been cemented to the shaft as previously described. Figure 7!b shows a modified barrel 270 for use with this small tool. Barrel 270 actually is configured in¬ teriorly like collar 201 , so that it has a skirt and a re-- ceiving annulus for the spring (shown around shaft 72 as 202 ) to exert pressure upon the barrel and extend it, analagous to those shown in Figure 4 as 203 and 204 and described above. Due to the miniature size-involved, there is here no collar or clutch arrangement to hold the barrel fixed. Instead, 1 slot 172 allows the barrel to be assembled over the shaft by forcing pin522 through slot 172 , which will expand far enough to permit passage of the pin 521. The enlarged por¬ tion 117 of slot 172 then acts as a control slot to control movement of barrel 170 . In this adaptation it is considered desirable to use the spring extension means to keep barrel 170 extended beyond the tool tip, so that the very small machine screws may be engaged with a minimum of effort and firmly retained in the grip means at the end of barrel 170 . The grip means is' here denoted as 171 , inasmuch as the interior grooves therein are simplified in com¬ parison to those in grip means 30. However, it operates precisely in the same manner, with segments 31 and slots 32 , and it has grooves inside to provide for gripping the very small machine screws involved in the same manner as prev¬ iously described for grip means 30. An auxiliary tool for use with this special adaptation is shown in Figure <: 7c as 270 . It can be made of brass or other suitable mater¬ ial and operates to particularly facilitate the replacement of the hinge screws in eyeglasses. Holes 272 provide for placing the hinge screws therein for holding; then aligning pin 271 is used to align the hinges on the frame of the glasses, after which tool 70 can be used. Forcing grip means272against the screw held in auxiliary tool270 will cause the screw to be -gripped firmly in grip means 171, then it can be inserted in the frame hinge and screwed down, whereupon it will be released. This can be done by touch alone, without requiring the use of a second pair of glasses or other visual aid. Several modes have been described for carrying out my invention, but it should be evident that it is usable with the whole range of threaded. : fasteners, not just standard screws, and also that further variations are possible, to include the use of different materials, such as metals of proper qualities. These further variations are considered to be within the scope of the invention disclosed. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The tool adaptation as described herein, which allows not only holding screws for starting and driving, but locat- ing them for removal from places difficult of access, and its applicability to a wide variety of fasteners, has very broad potential uses, as threaded fasteners.are almost uni¬ versally used, and a tool to make their use more efficient is a device of great potential. Among specific advantageous applications are: 1. Such a tool - or family of tools - could have wide applications in robotics or automated processes. With the grip means of suitable characteristics and extended to seek screw heads for example, repetitive driving of machine screws from a supply rack into workpieces could be automated-, as could 'the use of the locating and removing capability for disassembly and repair. 2. The grip allows finding a hidden screw by touch, without visually locating it - it could even permit limited assembly/disassembly operations by persons with seriously impaired vision. 3. It acts as a positive device for ensuring engage¬ ment of a screw head with a tool bit without necessity for visual centering. 4. Constructed of plastic, it can be designed to act effectively as an insulator and shield for the tool shaft against electrical shock affecting the user. 5. It may act as a safety shield for a tool tip, pre- venting scratching or marring of surfaces. 6. It is a positive device for holding and starting threaded fasteners, but one which will easily release its grip- 7. It may be adapted to not only existing screwdrivers and similar tools with fixed bits, but to those which pro¬ vide a socket driver for insertable bits of various types. 8. It may also be adaptable to hut drivers, for * holding and/or retrieving hexagonal nuts. 9. It makes possible one-handed operation in many of these steps, instead of requiring two hands as many other tools do. 10. It is especially adapted to effecting holding of screws or other fasteners in restricted spaces. 11. For special applications, the invention could be made from metal or other material specially meeting the requirements, and machined to close tolerances (for use, for example in automated or robotics applications) . All of the foregoing uses have wide application, as threaded fasteners are almost universal in their use in modern life.

Claims: AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 16 November 1983 (16 11 83V original claims 12,13,14,15 amended] 1. A barrel of stiff but resiliently deformable mate¬ rial, for use with an associated tool for threaded fasten- ers, the shaft of said tool being inserted through said barrel so that the tip of said tool is closely associated with one end of said barrel, said barrel being further adapted at its other end to cooperate with a collar which acts when turned upon said barrel to hold said barrel fixe with relation to said tool shaft inserted therein, further providing that at each end said barrel is slit longitudi¬ nally into a plurality of segments symmetrically and circ¬ ularly .disposed about the said inserted tool shaft, still further providing "that at the end of said barrel which associates with the tip of said inserted tool, said barrel segments are relatively thin and flexible and act as resilient members comprising gripping means for heads of threade fasteners in association with annular grooves and shoul ders on the interior surfaces of said segments which positively grip the head of a fastener accepted by said segments which expand outward to accept said fastener head, then contract upon it; °that at its other end the said barrel is formed into a head section of -increased diameter, with a cylindrical portion and an end portion which presents a conical surface formed as a truncated cone, convex to said barrel, and symmetrically disposed around said cooper¬ ating tool shaft, and providing that the segments into which said head section is slit are relatively short and thick; c that in the surface of said barrel section of increased diameter is formed a single thread slot in the form of a groove which is a portion of a helix traversing sub- stantiallv half the circumference of the c y lindrical portion of said head section, beginning at that edge.: of said cylindrical portion where it meets said conica surface, and progressing into said cylindrical portion with sufficient pitch to provide for tightening said collar upon said head section; "that a collar is provided which cooperates with and accepts within it the said head section of said barrel said collar interiorly disposing a concave conical.fac which mates with the conical portion of said head sec¬ tion, also disposing fixedly attached to said collar a pin which projects interiorly therein, which pin en¬ gages the said thread slot in the said barfel head sec tion, so that when said collar is turned, said collar pin by the action of said thread slot draws said colla upon said barrel head section, and the conical surface in said collar compresses the segments of the conical end of said head section to grip the shaft within the barrel and hold said barrel fixed with relation to sai shaft. 2. A screw starter comprising a barrel and collar as described in claim 1, with a bit of similar material, provided with a head for gripping, said bit being inserted through said barrel and collar to cooperate therewith. 3. A screw starter as described in claim 2, wherein said insertable bit is provided .with- hardene -tip-to:-., resist wear. 4. A screw starter as in claim 2 or 3 wherein a set of bits is provided for use with different sizes or types of screw heads. 5. A barrel and collar as described in claim 1, in association with a cooperating tool, further providing: ° that the said collar described therein further dis¬ pose at the end nearest the handle of said cooperating tool an annular recess which accepts a spring placed around the shaft of said tool and bearing upon OMH_ said tool handle and said collar, to extend said collar and barrel towards the tip end of said tool. 6. A barrel and collar combination as described in claim 1 or claim 5, furtherproviding that a guide pin is fixedly attached to the shaft of said cooperating tool, said guide pin extending into or through a longitudinal slot in said barrel, so disposed as to limit and guide the movement of said barrel relative to said tool shaft. 7. A combination as described in claim 6, further pro¬ viding that the guide pin may be rigidly but removably attached to said shaft of .said cooperating tool. 8. A combination as described in claim 6 in which said guide pin is attached to said shaft of said cooperating tool by cementing to said shaft a tube of the stiff but deformable plastic of which the said barrel is formed,or its equivalent, providing that said projecting guide pinbe integral with or fixedly attached to said tube. 9. A barrel and collar combination, in association with a cooperating tool having a guide pin affixed to the shaft thereof, as in claim 6, further providing that one of the slots which slit the said head .section of said barrel into segments, be widened so that its width is slightly ' less than the diameter of said guide pin, said slot further extending substantially beyond said head section into the other por¬ tion of the barrel where said slot terminates in a broader portion of width slightly greater than the diameter of said guide pin, so that the barrel may be passed over said guide pin by deformation at the widened slot, whereupon the broad er portion of said slot accepts and contains said guide pin to limit and guide the movement of said barrel relative to said cooperating tool shaft. 10. A combination wherein a standard tool for threaded fasteners is inserted through the barrel as described in O claim 6 and used in cooperation therewith for the control and use of threaded fasteners. 11. A combination as in claim 10 wherein the standard tool used is a magnetic driver which accepts bits of vary sizes and types. 12- A barrel of stiff but resiliently defor able materi for use with an associated tool for threaded fasteners, said barrel being split longitudinally so that it comprise two half-tubular sections, further providing: "at both ends of said half-tubular barrel sections, exterior threaded sections are provided, to cooperate with threaded collars to permit assembly of the barrel over the shaft of a cooperating tool; °that one end of the said half-tubular sections be formed so that when assembled that end of said barrel end in a truncated cone, convex to the said barrel ass bly, said cone being .slit longitudinally into a plur ity of relatively short, stiff segments, symmetricall disposed; "that one of said threaded collars, to cooperate with said conical end of said assembled barrel, dispose int riorly a concave conical surface which mates with said conical barrel end, so that as said collar is advanced on said barrel by said threaded section, the segments at said conical end of the said barrel are compressed to grip said shaft within said barrel and hold it fixe relative to said barrel; °that the threaded collar which cooperates with the oth end of said assembled barrel be at its unthreaded end sliti: into a plurality of relatively thin, resilient segments, symmetrically disposed, which act as flexibl members comprising gripping means for the heads' of threaded fasteners.in association with annular grooves and shoulders in the interior surfaces of said flexible seg- • ents which positively grip said fastener heads when accep¬ ted by said segments, which said segments expand outward to accept a fastener head, then contract upon it; 'and that additionally said collar comprising fastener-head gripping means, and said half-tubular barrel sections, dis¬ pose extending inward from the open end of said collar, grooves to accomodate keystone-tip screwdriver blades. 13. In association with a threaded collar as described in claim 12, which said threaded collar interiorly disposes a concave conical surface to mate with the said barrel end of convex conical shape split into short, stiff segments, a pin affixed in the cylindrical surface of aid barrel, extending into or through a slot in said threaded collar, said slot being parallel to the said threads which advance said collar, to limit the rotation of said collar to that rotational angle necessary to open or compress said segments of said slit cone. 14. A barrel and collars as described in claim 13, further providing that the described threaded collar which interiorly disposes a concave conical surface to mate with the said con¬ vex conical barrel end further dispose at the other end of said collar, nearest the handle of an associated tool, an annular recess which accepts a coil spring installed around the ahaft of said tool and bearing upon the handle of said tool and upon said threaded collar to extend said collar and barrel toward the bit end of said tool. 15. A barrel and collars as described in claim 13 or claim 14, further providing that a guide pin is rigidly but remov¬ ably affixed to the shaft of said cooperating tool, said pin extending into or through a longitudinal slot in said barrel, to limit and guide the movement of said barrel relative to said tool shaft. 16. A barrel assembly as described in claim 15, provid¬ ing that the said guide pin be fixedly attached to a partial ring of spring-like material which may be snapped or pressed over the said tool shaft. 17. A jewelers' or other miniature screwdriver or tool -for very small threaded fasteners, to the shaft of which h been fixedly attached a tube of stiff, tough but resilient material disposing outwardly a small projecting pin to act as a guide pin, further providing "that associated with said tool, a barrel of stiff but resiliently deformable plastic encompasses said tool shaft so that the tip of said tool is in a closely co¬ operative relationship with one end of said barrel, said end of said barrel being of the minimum practica¬ ble diameter; °that at said end of said barrel which is associated with the said tip of said tool, said barrel be slit longitudinally into a plurality of relatively thin, flexible segments which act as resilient gripping mem¬ bers for gripping heads of small threaded fasteners, in association with annular grooves and shoulders in the interior surfaces of such resilient members which positively grip said head?of a fastener accepted by said members which expand outward to accept said fastener head, then contract in upon it; "that the other end of said barrel be formed into a head section of greater diameter, disposing at the, end of said head section nearest the handle of the said co- operating tool an annular recess which accepts a spring placed around the shaft of said tool, which said spring bears upon said handle and said barrel to extend said barrel towards the tip of said tool; "that one longitudinal slot, of width slightly less than the diameter of the said guide pin on said tool shaft, extend from the end of the said head section nearest the handle of said associated tool a substantial dis.tance into the part of said barrel which is of reduced dia- -fc TREA """ OMPI _ meter, terminating in a broadened portion of width slightly greater than the diameter of said guide pin; °so that the said barrel may be emplaced over the shaft of said cooperating tool by forcing said slot in said barrel over said guide pin, said barrel deforming suf¬ ficiently to pass said pin, so that said guide pin is then contained within said broadened portion of said slot to limit and guide movement of said barrel rela¬ tive to said tool shaft. 18. Associated with a miniature tool with barrel as described in claim 17, an auxiliary tool providing at its base with holes which will hold small threaded fasteners ready for use, and at its other end a tip for aligning small holes in work pieces, such as frames for eyeglasses. 19. In association with the handle of a tool coopera¬ ting with a barrel and collar combination as in claim 1 or 5 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 14, a rotating end cap on -said handle, firmly but rotatably mounted on a center mounting pivot shaft, so that said end cap may freely rotate with respect to said tool handle, while bearing firmly upon it. 20. A barrel and collar combination as claim 1, used in conjunction with a nut driver to locate and grip hexag¬ onal nuts for starting, or for retrieving said nuts. 21. A combination as in . ' claim 20, with a cooperating tool shaft inserted therein to provide a handle for control of its use. 22. A combination as in claim 5 r with a cooperating tool shaft inserted therein to provide a handle for control of its use, as used in conjunction with a nut driver to locate and grip hexagonal nuts for starting .or retrieving said nuts. OM 23. A collar and barrel combination as in claim 6, further providing that at that end of said barrel which disposes„a convex, truncated cone slit into segments which are relatively short and thick, said conical surface . is associated with exterior threads on the adjacent cylindri¬ cal surface of said barrel, said threads being adapted to accept a threaded collar which encloses said conical end o said barrel, said collar interiorly disposing-.a concave co ical surface which cooperates with said truncated cone on the end of said barrel so that as said collar is advanced by the action of said threads, the said segments of the conical' end of said barrel are compressed to grip the shaft within said barrel and hold said shaft fixed with relation to said barrel as desired. 24. In association with a threaded collar .interiorly dis¬ posing a concave conical surface to mate with a barrel end disposing a split cone, as described in claim 23, a pin affixed in the cylindrical surface of said barrel, extend. " -. ing into or through a slot in said threaded collar, said slot being parallel to the said threads which advance said collar, to limit the totation of said collar to that neces¬ sary to compress the said segments of said split cone, or to allow said segments to open. OMH

Inventors: MARBOURG EDGAR F JR, MARBOURG, EDGAR, F., JR.
Applicants: MARBOURG EDGAR F JR, MARBOURG, EDGAR, F., JR.
Application year: 1983
Main classification: B25B23
IPC codes: B25B23