METHOD OF TRANSFERRING DIGITAL SIGNAL

Abstract: A digital signal transferring method wherein in a serial transfer of a digital data signal of N-channel (N represents 16, 24, 32, for example), the digital data is divided into groups each consisting of data of K channel (K represents 8, for example) and successively and repeatedly transferred in sequence every M groups (M represents 2,3,4 for example). A preamble having such a pattern as violating regulations of the modulation system in the transfer of the data is disposed at, for example, the top of each of the groups. In addition, a data significance evaluation bit is added to every data for each of the channels, and each of the groups is provided with a parity data with respect to all the bits in the group, thereby to effect a signal transfer. Further, each of the groups may be provided with a group address for indicating where the group is in the M groups.

Description: This invention relates to methods of digital signal transmission and, more particularly, to such methods suitable for serial transmission of pulse coded modulation (PCM) digital audio signals of a large number of channels, such as eight to 32 channels. In recent years, it is becoming an accepted practice to convert analogue signals, such as audio or voice signals, into digital signals by, for example, PCM, and to transmit the resulting digital signals through a signal transmission medium or to record or reproduce them on or from a recording medium. In the digital audio signals, one word is a sequence of bits of digital audio sample data obtained by quantizing and encoding a sample of the original analogue signal. In addition to these digital audio sample data, it may occasionally be necessary to transmit error protection data, user definable alpha-numeric data, channel status data inclusive of various information as later described, or information used to check for reliability of the sample data. In addition, it may occasionally become desirable to be able to transmit other data useful in future applications, or data inferior in quality but useful for auxiliary digital audio channels. The method of serially transmitting these digital signals containing these various data is required to satisfy the following conditions. First of all, the transmission waveform needs to be DC-free in order that transmission may take place with or without the intermediary of AC coupling, and also that the threshold values may be positively detected in the case of an electrical system. In addition, the transmission waveform also needs to be polarity-free in order that transmission signals may remain unaffected even when the cables of, for example, a twisted pair are interchanged one with the other. The mechanical design should also be simple and, in case of application to a broadcasting station or studio, should be adaptable to transmission distance requirements. A method of digital signal transmission in which these requirements may be satisfied is proposed in our Japanese patent specification JP-A-58/148551. In this case, PCM digital audio signals of a few channels, such as one to four channels, may be transmitted serially with high reliability and efficiency. When serially transmitting digital signals of a large number of channels, for example eight to 32 channels, through an optical fibre or like high-speed transmission medium, in view of the increased bit rate, it is desirable to make use of digital modulation systems which reduce the bandwidth required of the transmission medium. Since optical signal transmission from one point to another takes place at an approximately constant power level, the merits or demerits of using DC-free or polarity-free waveforms are cancelled. In addition, in fast serial transmission of multichannel digital data, some of the aforementioned requirements may preferably or should be modified. French patent specification FR-A-2 463 996 (& GB-A-2 061 068) discloses a method of digital signal transmission wherein a plurality of channels of digital data are transmitted serially, using preambles of a pattern violating the rule of the modulating system. In view of the foregoing, it is a principal object of the present invention to provide a method suited for serial transmission of PCM digital audio signals of a large number of channels, such as 8 to 32 channels, on a high-speed transmission medium, such as optical fiber. According to the present invention there is provided a method of digital signal transmission wherein a plurality of channels of digital data are transmitted serially using preambles of a pattern violating the rule of the modulation system; characterized in that: said plurality is equal to N, where N=KxM, N, K and M are integers and K is greater than one; M groups each consisting of K channels are transmitted repeatedly and successively; a said preamble of a pattern violating the rule of the modulating system is provided for each said group; a group address is provided for each said group for indicating its group number within the M groups; a data validity evaluation bit is added to the data of each channel; and parity data are provided relating to all the bits of each said group. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings throughout which like parts are referred to by like references, and in which: Figures 1 and 3 show a previously-proposed method of transmitting a few channels; Figures 4 and 5 show another previously-proposed method; and Figures 6 to 8 show a method of multichannel digital signal transmission which is an embodiment of the present invention. Before explaining the method of digital signal transmission according to the present invention, the method disclosed in Japanese patent specification JP-A-58/148551 will firstly be explained. When serially transmitting digital data signals, each block of which is composed of a plurality of words each consisting of a plurality of bits, the digital data are modulated by a digital modulation system such that there is realized a DC and polarity-free electrical signal waveform, a preamble of a constant bit length is provided for each word, and, as such preamble, one of at least four kinds of patterns corresponding to said words is used, said patterns selectively indicating whether the data are valid or invalid and also whether it is word sync or block sync. The biphase-mark system, which is a digital modulation system providing a DC and polarity-free signal waveform, is also known as a digital FM system, and may be represented by the signal waveform shown in Figure 1 in connection with digital binary data. It is seen from Figure 1 that each bit of data is represented by two binary cells. The first one of two cells corresponding to one data bit is always started with transition from '0' to '1' or from '1' to '0'. When the data bit is '1', transition occurs between the first and second cells, and when the data bit is '0' there is no such transition. Since the cell pair corresponding to a bit always starts with a transition, bit sync can be detected and maintained easily. Furthermore, in the biphase mark system, the maximum distance between transitions corresponds to the length of two such cells. Hence, a distance longer than two cell lengths, for example, a distance indicating the distance of three cell lengths, violates the rule of the biphase mark, and thus may be used for the purpose of synchronization. Supposing that the cell immediately preceding the preamble (the cell belonging to the biphase mark coded data) is '0', the aforementioned four kinds of preamble are selected as shown by the following cell sequences, thus giving transmission waveforms of the pattern shown in Figure 2. When the cell immediately preceding the preamble is '1', the four preambles are represented as the reverse of the respective binary cells . Word sync signals are extracted upon detection of any one of the above eight possible preambles. This makes it possible to design the digital circuit at low cost (with the use of a few gating circuits, ROMs or FPLAs). Block sync signals are extracted upon detection of a preamble indicating one of the above four possible block syncs. Data validity may be detected in a similar manner. Next, the word format and the block format will be explained by referring to Figure 3. One word is made up of 32 bits, with each word beginning with a preamble having a length of four bits. The preamble is followed by digital audio sample data having a word length of twenty bits, or 24 bits in the case of addition of supplemental data. Because of the change in word length, the first bit of the sample data is the most significant bit (MSB). These digital data sample data are in two's complement configuration. If necessary, the last four bits of the 24-bit sample data (called digital audio auxiliary sample data) is not used as the least significant bit (LSB) of the sample data, but may be used for example as an additional voice channel, bandwidth-limited digital audio channel to be added to the stereo digital audio channel, or as a data channel for other data such as computer mix-down data. The 4-bit digital audio auxiliary sample data are followed by another group of 4-bit spare data. Of these four bits, two may be used as error protection bits, one as a user's bit and the remaining one as a channel status bit, as later described. The 2-bit error protection data may occasionally be used for protection against digital audio sample data sequence burst error. The user's bit is used as an alpha-numeric data channel that may be arbitrarily defined by the user. For example, eight channels with approximately 6K bits/second can be obtained. In this manner, each word is composed of 32 bits; four preamble bits, (20+4) digital audio sample data bits, and four preliminary data bits, and is encoded in the above 64 cells, as described above. Next, the channel status data will be described. The bit immediately preceding the preamble (that is, the last bit of each word) indicates the channel status. Thus the user can select several different statuses (or can set a specific value unless designation is made). In addition, he can specify the manner in which the digital signal transmission system is used. These channel status data are transmitted in the format of one total word per block as shown for example in Figure 3. Information slowly changing with time is included in the channel status data. For example, when the 256 32-bit words inclusive of the sample data are made to correspond to one block, there is a sufficient allowance for the channel data, which data change at intervals of 5 milliseconds. This is able to cover the totality of applications. When one block is made to correspond to 1024 sample data words, the status data can be obtained at intervals of 20 milliseconds, and can be applied only to a limited field of application such as computer mix-down channel switching. Next, concrete examples of the channel status data contents will be explained. 1-word channel data appear once in each block, that is once in 256 sample data words, in the example shown in Figure 3. The foremost position of the channel status word is indicated by the aforementioned block sync signal. As shown in Figure 3, since the last bit of the serially transmitted 32-bit word is the channel status data bit, the 32nd bit counted from the beginning of the preamble indicative of block sync is the first bit of the channel status word. One channel status data words has 256 bits, and it is up-dated to a new word at intervals of approximately 5 milliseconds. In the channel status word, the following contents and bit sequences of the sub-words (channel status sub-words) may be taken into account: In the aforementioned channel status sub-words, FS specifies the actual sampling frequency to be used in the digital audio channel. XI specifies for which one of the voice channel, digital audio channel of a narrow bandwidth and the mix-down information etc., the aforementioned digital audio auxiliary sample data bits are intended. EM specifies whether none or one of several emphasis types is selectively used as frequency response characteristics of the digital audio channel. The foregoing is the digital interface for a small number of channels (one to four channels) proposed in our Japanese patent application JP-A-57/31526. A certain modification of the digital interface has also been proposed. Thus, Figure 4 shows an example of the word format of a modified digital interface with word contents substantially as those described above, except as to preamble pattern, addition of data valid evaluation bit and bit sequences. As to the preamble consisting of the first four bits of the 32-bit word shown in Figure 4, the following three kinds of cell sequence are selectively used for realizing the patterns as shown in Figure 5: Any information concerning the evaluation of data validity is not contained in these preambles I, II or III. In case of transmission of one to four channels A, B, C and D, the preambles I, II and III are indicative of word sync for channel A, word and block sync for channel B, and word sync for channels B, C and D, respectively. Only the preambles I and II are caused to appear in the case of transmitting only one channel, whereas the preambles I, II and III are caused to appear in the case of transmitting more than two and up to four channels. The preamble is followed by four bits of the aforementioned digital audio and auxiliary sample data, starting from the LSB. These data are followed by twenty bits of the digital audio sample data starting from the LSB. These data may also be 24-bit digital audio sample data, as described above. It should, however, be noted that, in this case, these data are arranged sequentially starting from the LSB. The remaining four bits of the 32-bit word are a data validity evaluation flag, user's data, channel status data and a parity bit, each being one bit. It is seen that the format corresponds to that shown in the preceding case wherein, however, the two bits of the error protection data are reduced to one parity bit and the data validity evaluation bit is shifted from the preamble to the last four bits. The digital signals of a smaller number of channels, such as one to four channels, transmitted by the above described transmission method, may be combined into the digital signals of a larger number of channels, such as eight to 32 channels and serially transmitted by a method according to the present invention. An embodiment of the transmitting method will now hereafter be explained in detail. It should be noted that serial transmission of multichannel digital audio signals requires a transmission medium of extremely high data rate and broad bandwidth. One reasonable solution to this problem is to make use of the light transmission technology already implemented in telephony transmission line systems. This has the advantage that one can make use of already available transmitters, receivers, signal processing circuits and optical fibres. The hierarchy of digital telephony transmission circuit includes formats for transmission of approximately 1.5, 2, 8, 32 and 120 Mbit per second, while higher bit rates are also under consideration. As of now, 8 Mbits per second can be implemented with electrical communication cables, while 120 Mbits per second exceeds the needs of digital audio and also represents a more advanced technology. 32 Mbits per second, on the other hand, can be chosen as a basis for multichannel digital audio. In transmitting the multichannel digital signals by a transmission technology with very fast rate, the following points of the requirements for a small number of channels can or must be modified. In view of the very high bit rates involved, it may be justified to consider modulation codes which reduce the bandwidth required for transmission. In optical transmission, DC-free or polarity-free codes have no particular merits or demerits. The above-described digital signal transmission makes use of one code violation per word for synchronization, as at the preamble described above. It is, however, possible to design transmission with fewer violations, for example with one single violation at the beginning of one long block used for ordinary digital recording. In addition, multichannel transmission is frequently used in digital mixing apparatus and requires a large number of auxiliary talk-back channels. It should be noted that, in order that the specifications defined for transmission of a small number of channels may be used without modifications, the audio data need be of the same word length, while the auxiliary data (parity, validity, channel status, user definable data) need be of the same type. The bandwidth required for multichannel digital audio signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention can be derived from certain conditions. These are the sampling frequency (set to be equal to 48 kHz) for the 1-channel audio signals; the number of channels (set to 16, 24 and 32); the number of bits per word (set to 32 bits); the type of format used, that is presence or absence of modulation; and types of modulation. When the non-return to zero (NRZ) system is used without modulation and under the conditions specified in the above brackets, the necessary bit rates are: 24.576 Mbits per second for 16 channels; 36.864 Mbits per second for 24 channels; and 49.152 Mbits per second for 32 channels. When modulation codes with run length limitation (distance between signal transitions), namely RLL codes, are used, an equivalent transmission rate lower than above will be required. RLL codes which lower the bandwidth by approximately 33.3% are already known. These RLL codes include 3PM used in magnetic disc recording, and high density modulation HDM-1, used in digital audio recording. While 3PM is a very attractive, simple and powerful code for bandwidth reduction, its synchronization necessitates rather long violations, because its maximum distance between transitions is equal to 6T, where T stands for a data bit period. In addition, 3PM requires coding and decoding on the basis of groups of three bits, which makes synchronization more complex. HDM-1 has a maximum distance between transitions of 4.5T and can be coded and uncoded continuously, so that it may be preferably employed in transmitting methods according to the present invention. When HDM-1 is used, the above figures for bandwidth (bit rates) become approximately: 16.384 Mbauds for 16 channels; 24.576 Mbauds for 24 channels; and 32.768 Mbauds for 32 channels. The expression 'approximately' indicates that savings very close to, but not quite equal to, one third can be achieved in practice. Thus, transmission systems with a very few percent larger bit rates than specified above may be employed. The result is that using an RLL code makes it possible to transmit up to 32 digital audio channels in a format compatible with that of a digital audio interface, and over a conventional 32 Mbits per second optical channel. HDM-1 modulation has been proposed in our Japanese patent application no 54/172532 (Japanese provisional patent publication no 56/94510). The code rule of this modulation system will now be explained briefly by referring to Figure 6. As the basic principle of HDM-1, when the data bits appear in the order of '0' and '1', transition occurs at the centre of the data bit '1', as shown in Figure 6A. When two or more '1's appear in succession, transition occurs at the data bit boundary for two '1's. Should three '1's occur immediately before '0', transition between the second and third bits is omitted, and transition occurs at the boundary between '1' and '0' (Figure 6B). When one or more '0's appear in succession, should the transition immediately before the first '0' be at the data bit boundary and more than five '0's occur in succession, the next transition occurs at the boundary between the fourth '0' and fifth '0' and, should the transition immediately before the first '0' be at the centre of the data bit and more than four '0's occur in succession, the next transition occurs at the boundary between the third and fourth '0's (Figure 6C). Thus, as seen from Figure 6, the minimum distance between transitions in HDM-1 is 1.5T (where T is a data bit period) as in 3PM. However, the maximum distance between transitions in the HDM-1 system is 4.5T, which is improved relative to the 6T of the 3PM system. In addition, modulators or demodulators used in the HDM-1 system may be simpler in structure than those used in 3PM. The minimum distance of a preamble violating the coding principle for HDM-1 exceeds the maximum distance between transitions of 4.5T which accords with the HDM-1 rule. If a large jitter component is tolerable, and the cell/bit position is determined outside the preamble, such minimum distance is five bits. In a much more advantageous case where the preamble indicates exactly the cell/bit position, the minimum distance is six bits, which is in excess of the sync length of four bits used in the digital interface. In the aforementioned digital interface for a few channels, one code-violating preamble is used for each individual word. In multichannel transmission according to the present invention, a preamble is used for a much longer string of data. For compatibility with 16, 24 and 32 channels, a group of eight channels is used as a basic unit, its transmission being initiated by a preamble. This is acceptable in practice in view of the good signal-to-noise ratios to be expected in optical transmission over moderate distances of several hundred metres. The preamble of 6-bit length (twelve binary cells) violating the rule of HDM-1 is defined as follows. The beginning of the preamble corresponds to the HDM-1 encoding of the two bits '01'. This enforces a transition between the third and fourth cells (or at the centre of the second data bits). As the maximum distance between transitions in HDM-1 is 4.5T, that is nine cells, and the preamble length needs to be an integral number of bits (that is, an even number of cells), the preamble requires a minimum of seven bits, or fourteen cells. However, with 6-bit preamble data '010001' as shown in Figure 7A, by inhibiting transition at the last bit '1', the state of no transition can be maintained in the one bit immediately following the preamble, regardless of the data content. Thus, as shown in Figure 7B, should there be a transition-free domain of 4.5T in the preamble portion, the result is that one may have a distance between transitions longer than 5.5T, including the one bit immediately following the preamble. Thus, two cells (one bit) can be saved by restarting the HDM-1 encoder after the preamble with initial conditions corresponding to the two bits '01' at the two last bit positions of the preamble. This enforces that the two cells (one bit) immediately following the preamble are transition-free (no matter whether the bit contents are '1' or '0'). Thus, the preamble length can be reduced to six bits, and the preamble will display a minimum distance between transitions of 5.5T (eleven cells). This distance comprises the cells of the preamble equal to 4.5T (nine cells) and a minimum of 1T or two cells after it. In addition, there is always a transition immediately preceding the distance violation, and positioned in the middle of a bit. With cell-unit-based non return to zero inverted (NRZI) modulation, the transition pattern of the preamble and the succeeding portion is represented as follows. X0 01 00 00 00 00 00 YZ where X, Y and Z are equal to 1 or 0 in dependence upon the presence or absence of the transition as determined by HDM-1 encoder data immediately before and after the preamble. In register with the actual transition pattern shown in Figure 7B, the above NRZI pattern is indicated as a string of bits shown in Figure 7C. The actual transition pattern is indicated as shown in Figures 7D to 7G in accordance with HDM-1 encoder data preceding the preamble. In Figures 7D to 7G, 1 or 0 represent the above described cell-unit-based NRZ pattern. It is noteworthy that embedding the preamble within a modulation code leads to the useful result that the synchronization pattern is longer than the preamble. The preamble has a length of six bits (twelve cells), while the synchronization pattern has a length of seven bits (fourteen cells). Next, the format of an 8-channel group is explained by referring to Figure 8. A group of eight channels is used as a basic unit, in order that interchangeability between 16, 24 and 32 channels can be maintained more easily, as described hereinabove. More generally, multichannel transmission of KxM channels, where M stands for 1, 2, 3, ... and K is an integer greater than one may be realized rather easily. Referring to Figure 8, an 8-channel group comprises a total of 256 bits (=8x32 bits) and starts with the above described 6-bit preamble indicating a group sync. The preamble is followed by a 2-bit frame sync, or more precisely a group address within a frame. Thus the sync word can be thought of as an 8-bit word containing all sync information except block sync. Next comes the channel status data having as one word eight bits corresponding to the eight channels. The channel status data is followed by an audio data area composed of data validity evaluating bits and audio sample data, each for eight channels, these data or bits belonging to individual channels. The number of bits of the data area varies with the number of bits per word of the audio sample data. Thus it is 200 bits (=8x25 bits) for 24 bits per word (25 bits with one evaluating bit); or 168 bits (=8x21 bits) for twenty bits per word (or 21 bits with one evaluating bit). Next comes an auxiliary sample data composed of 36 bits for 200 bits of the audio sample and evaluation data area and 60 bits for 168 bits of the data area. Thus the sum of the number of bits of the audio sample and evaluation data area and that of the auxiliary sample data area is equal to 236 or 228 bits. Since one block has 256 bits, the number of the remaining bits is four or twelve. Of these remaining bits, each one of four bits is allotted to user's data, channel status data for auxiliary channels, group parity data and block parity data. The remaining zero or eight bits are unused bits and arranged, for example, between the channel status data for auxiliary channels and the group parity data. Thus the contents of one group may be defined as follows: preamble, six bits group address, two bits channel status of eight channels, eight bits audio sample and evaluation, 200 or 168 bits auxiliary sample, 36 or 60 bits users data, one bit channel status, auxiliary channels, one bit unused bits, zero or eight bits group parity, one bit block sync, one bit These components are modified according to HDM-1 system, except the preamble, which violates the HDM-1 modulating rule. Next, the contents of these individual components are explained. As mentioned above, the preamble has six bits but effectively realizes a sync pattern of seven bits, and has the distance between transitions longer than 5.5T in violation of the HDM-1. The audio sample and evaluation data area, the auxiliary sample data area and the succeeding data are in sharp contrast to the above-described digital interface format for a small number of channels and, in particular to facilitate operations on the talk-back channels (auxiliary channels), all data belonging to the individual channels (thus the aforementioned audio sample data and validity evaluation data for respectively eight channels) are taken together to have these followed by all data belonging to the auxiliary (talk-back) channels, these data being then terminated by data belonging to the transmitted group as such, for example group parity data or block sync data. Since the sampling frequency for 1-channel audio signals is 48 kHz, the data rate for user's data of one channel in the case of transmission of a few channels is 48 kbits per second. The data rate is rather over-designed as it makes it possible to transmit the contents of a 2000-page book in less than an hour. Thus, in preferred embodiments of the invention, the channel capacity for user's data is reduced. Thus, by providing one bit for one group (eight channels), the user's data rate is reduced to 48k/8 = 6k (bits per second), which is sufficient in practice. Assignment of the user's data bits to individual channels is achieved via block sync, and connection to the user's data channels is achieved via a buffer. It is adequate to retain the same data rate for channel status as in the single-channel interface. Thus, an 8-bit word carries the channel status information for the eight channels in a group. Next, it may be assumed that a word length of twelve bits is sufficient for the auxiliary or talk-back channel. The auxiliary channels are three channels (3x12 = 35 bits) for a word length of the audio sample data equal to 24 bits, while it is set to five channels (5x12 = 60 bits) for the same word length equal to twenty bits. The channel status information concerning these auxiliary channels is one bit for one group. The group parity data is a simple parity data for the totality of 256 bits of one group. The block sync data indicates block sync signals when a large number of, for example 192 or 256 groups, are taken together into one block. Referring to a group address, group addresses '00', '01' are attached to two of the above described groups for providing a 16-channel frame. Similarly, by affixing group addresses '00', '01' and '10' to three groups or group addresses '00' to '11' to four groups, a 24-channel frame or a 32-channel frame can be provided respectively. Thus the group address indicates the number of a particular group in M groups when one frame is formed of M groups. The proposed format for multichannel digital audio signal transmission, is summarized as follows: transmission format : serial, modulation code HDM-1 number of channels : 16, 24, 32 transmission rate : 1024 Mbauds/channel (that is, 16.384 Mbauds for sixteen channels, 24.576 Mbauds for 24 channels and 32.768 Mbauds for 32 channels) word length per transmitted word : 32 audio sample word length : 24 or twenty auxiliary audio sample word length : twelve (talk-back) number of auxiliary channel per group : three (audio with 24 bits word length), five (audio with 20-bit word length) user definable data : one bit/group (0.125 bit/word) channel status : one bit/channel parity data : one bit/group preamble (group sync) word length : six bits The preamble covers a group of eight audio channels. The numbers of auxiliary channels for the numbers of audio channels equal to 8, 16, 24 and 32 are shown in the Table below. According to the above described embodiments of the invention, the bandwidth of the transmission medium can be reduced by using HDM-1 as the modulation system, and a preamble violating the modulation system can be designed with a shorter word length. One group started with the preamble and consisting of eight channels is used as a basic unit for realizing a group structure so that it can be adapted to 16, 24 or 32 channels. Since the digital audio sample data or the auxiliary channel data are arranged with clear lines of demarcation intermediate between the foremost and rearmost parts of one block, these data can be taken out easily and reliably from the block. Because of the provision of a large number of medium-quality talk-back channels (auxiliary channels), the format is extremely versatile and can be applied to systems inclusive of digital mixing apparatus. Thus, when serially transmitting N-channel digital signals, where N represents 16, 24 or 32 as an example, K channels (such as eight channels) are taken together into one group, a preamble violating the modulation system is provided for the group, and M such groups are transmitted alternately and successively, where M represents 2, 3 or 4 as an example. Thus the same format can be applied to any of 16, 24 or 32-channel transmission systems. The preamble for each channel is dispensed with and parity data can be added on the group basis thus resulting in improved bit efficiency and talk-back efficiency while making it possible to add many contents such as auxiliary channels for talk-back. The data validity evaluation bit associated with each channel word is effective to prevent malfunction. Furthermore, in transmitting M groups of N channels, the group number of a particular group within the M groups can be identified easily with the aid of the group address.

Claims: A method of digital signal transmission wherein a plurality of channels of digital data are transmitted serially using preambles of a pattern violating the rule of the modulation system; characterized in that: said plurality is equal to N, where N=KxM, N, K and M are integers and K is greater than one; M groups each consisting of K channels are transmitted repeatedly and successively; a said preamble of a pattern violating the rule of the modulating system is provided for each said group; a group address is provided for each said group for indicating its group number within the M groups; a data validity evaluation bit is added to the data of each channel; and parity data are provided relating to all the bits of each said group.

Inventors: BRANDES, CLAUDIA, DOI, TOSHITADA SONY CORPORATION, LAGADEC, ROGER
Applicants: SONY CORPORATION, WILLI STUDER AG
Application year: 1983
Main classification: H04L25
IPC codes: H04L7, H04L25, H04L1, G11B20, H03M5, H04J3