LASER DIODE PRINTER

Abstract: The printer disclosed converts electronic information into human readable information by an imaging device comprising a laser diode which is a source of coherent monochromatic radiation requiring very low power to expose a sensitized sheet. The radiation from the laser diode may scan a focal plane on which the radiation is focused by an objective lens and a compounded curved mirror such as a parabolic mirror through a curved reflector to a straight path. The medium for the image is a zinc oxide sensitized sheet.

Description: Description Laser Diode Printer Technical Field This invention relates to a printer for electronic generated graphic information and in one aspect to a very low power, electrophotographic, nonimpact and low-noise printer. Background Art The computers ability to process various kinds of data at great speeds demands the conversion, storage and comparison of information in electrical formats. Similarly it must be again converted to human readable formats and thus there is a growing demand for on-line printers to accept the electrical signals and convert it to a readable format at very high printing speeds onto hard copy for the user. The laser has provided a source of radiation wiXh a small spot size which is modulatable very rapidly to produce a latent image pattern on a photoconductive surface of a drum or belt to achieve rapid printout of computer generated information. Such systems utilizing the laser and a scanning system for line generation from a stationary laser are described. The size and cost of laser scanning systems to utilize a He-Ne laser, acousto-optic modulator, collimating lenses, a rotating or oscillating scanner, a parabolic mirror or a flat field 5 e lens, a rotating drum to accept the modulated radiation and the associated image developing and transfer stations results in a relatively lar(3e expensive piece of hardwarc which expense exceeds that of the impact printers such that they are not acceptable. The present invention on the otherhand provides an economical laser printer of good resolution. The machine is compact and provides a nonimpact noiseless printer. The present invention utilizes a laser diode for the source of the imaging radiation in the near infrared range, a combination of an objective lens and curved mirror for focusing the radiation and a scanning means for moving the beam of radiation. The printer does not need expensive flat field lenses to focus the beam onto the surface of the photoconductor. The radiation is directed onto a photoconductor and preferrably a paper sensitized with a zinc-oxide (ZnO) photoconductor upon which the image may be directly developed and fixed. Disclosure of Invention The printer of the present invention comprises a source of monochromatic radiation of very low power, means for focusing the radiation to a spot, and means for scanning a linear focal plane with said spot of radiation. The focal plane is defined by support apparatus for the print paper. The printer thus further comprises a support for a supply of paper having a near infrared radiation sensitive coating, drive means for advancing paper from the supply, means for supporting the paper at the focal plane of the radiation, means for developing the latent electrophotographic image on the paper and means for fixing the image to the paper. The preferred source of radiation is a laser diode affording coherent monochromatic radiation with three to fifteen milliwatts of power. The radiation is focused to a spot on a flat field by an objective lens positioned adjacent and in the path of the radiation from the laser diode and a parabolic mirror. A scanning mirror disposed in the path of the radiation directs the radiation along a transverse linear path. An interface with the laser diode adaptable to couple the printer to a particular electronic data format drives the laser to transfer the electronic signals to human readable graphic symbols on the paper. In the present invention, a curved reflector is placed within the light system to compensate for the change in the distance of travel for the radiation from the source to the focal plane of the linear path. The scanning system of the printer comprises a source of radiation, means for focusing the radiation-to a spot, and a scanner for moving the spot along a linear path and comprising a reflector for directing the radiation from its path of the scanning optics to the focal plane, said reflector being preferably formed with a curve to compensate for the change in angularity of the beam and to convert the curving, semiconical path formed by the scanning beam to a straight trace on the linear path. Brief Description of Drawings The present invention will be described in greater detail hereafter with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of a printer constructed according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of the imaging device of the printer of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the scanning device; Figure 4 is a diagramatic plan view of a scannign system constructed in accordance with the present invention; and Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the scanning system constructed in accordance with the present invention. Detailed Description The present invention provides a new imaging device for nonimpact printers for producing human readable or hard copy prints of electronic information or data processed, stored and/or compared electronically. The imaging device utilizes a low power monochromatic light source which light is focused and scanned across a linear focal plane to produce a latent image on a paper sensitized to the light radiated from the source. This latent image can then be developed on-line to deliver the operator acceptable copy of the data direct from the source. A printer according to the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1 and is generally designated 10. The printer comprises an imaging device 11 and the copy exposing and developing device 12. The imaging device comprises a scanning system comprising a source of radiation in the form of a laser diode 15 positioned to project radiation therefrom through a focusing objective lens 16 toward a scanner for moving, the beam transversely such as a mirror 17 positioned for oscillation on a galvanometer 18. The mirror 17 is mounted on the galvanometer. Alternatively, a polygon mirror may be used. The galvanometer and mirror provide means for moving the beam of radiation from the lens 16 across a concave, compound curved or parabolic mirror 20. The mirror 20 reflects the radiation to a second reflector 21 disposed to reflect the radiation through a slit 22 onto a linear focal plane or path 23 defined by a pair of support members 24 in the copy device 12. The laser diode 15 may be a laser diode from 3 to 15 milliwatts and an example of such a laser diode is one available from Mitsubishi Electric Corporation of Tokyo, Japan, identified as My3001 which is rated as 3 milliwatts and 830 nanometers with an emitting area of 0.5 by 2.0 microns. Alternatively the laser diode may be from General Optronics Inc. of S. Plainfield, New Jersey, Model GOLS, which is rated at 5 milliwatts or from Hitachi, Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan, Type HLP-1400 having a power of 15 milliwatts. The laser diode is preferably disposed at an angle of about 4.5 degrees with respect to the plane of the printer. Light from the laser diode is directed through a high resolution objective lens 16, of 10x to 40x, preferably 20x or an 8mm lens, toward the reflective face of a circular mirror 17. The mirror 17 is mounted on a 1000 cycle per second galvanometer and the mirror and galvan ometer rotor are positioned between top and bottom supports for the torsion bar of the galvanometer. The galvanometer 18 is nonlinear but may be of the linear type. The galvanometer is self-resonant with a front surface mirror and an example is the 2S23010 self resonant optical scanner manufactured by General Scanning Inc. of Watertown, Massachusetts. The curved parabolic mirror 20 is preferably a parabolic mirror having a focal length of 43.9 cm (17.3 inches) and serves, together with the objective lens 16, to focus the radiation from the laser diode 15 onto an ovate spot having a major diameter of between 25 to 250 microns. The total light path is 67.5 cm (26.6 inches) in length. The laser diode 15 and the galvanometer 18 are interfaced with a suitable information input device such as a computer to convert electronic information to modulated radiation from the laser diode 15 to impart radiation selectively to the linear focal path 23 to develop a latent image within the sensitized coating on a paper 30 supported in the copy exposing and developing device 12. The device 12 comprises means 31 for supporting a supply roll of the paper 30 which roll comprises a continuous web of photosensitive paper, which sensitive coating comprises a zinc oxide coating which is sensitized to the radiation from the laser diode. In the device 12 the paper 30 is drawn from the roll and directed across a guide member 32 and through a first pair of feed rollers 33 and 34. The paper is then directed through a cut-off device 35 and then through charging rollers 36 and 37. The paper is next directed over the support members 24 and drive roller 25. The exposed paper is then directed through a guide chute 40 by the roller 25 and a second feed roller 38. As the paper passes down through the chute 40 and is directed past a developer roll 41, toner powder from a supply cartridge 42 is directed onto the selectively charged areas on the sensitized coating. Then the paper is moved past pressure fusing rollers 44 and 45 to fuse the image to the paper and the copy is directed out of the device through a discharge slot 46. The scanner for the printer is shown in greater detail in Figure 3. The scanner comprises a rod 50 supported at each end in the mounting frame comprising a top bar 51 securing one end, and a support member 53 affixed in a bracket 54 which is fixed by a bar 55 to the top bar 51. The rod 50 has fixed thereto intermediate the ends, the mirror 17 and a sleeve 56. The sleeve has axially spaced rotors 57 and 59 fixed thereon. The sleeve 56 positions the rotors within the stator pole pieces in the stator 60 which is fixed to the support 53. The rod 50 has two areas 63 and 64 of reduced cross section to obtain the desired resonating characteristics for the mirror. The top and bottom mounting for the rod 50 restricts the cross axis wobble of the mirror 17. The rod 50 is made of steel to provide the torsion effect in the reduced areas. Alternative arrangements may be provided for the mirror 21 in that, as an imaging device, it may be preferable to have a longer path for the radiation to change the spot size, and the reflector 21 could be disposed further from the curved mirror 20 as illustrated in the dotted line positions of Figure 1 and 2 for the mirror 48. In operation, when the stationary continuous beam 70 from the source 15 strikes the moving mirror 17 at an angle to the horizontal, the rays 71 reflected toward the center of the parabolic mirror 20 dnd the rays 72 reflected toward the ends of the mirror are not all in the same plane but are in a conical path. This conditions is magnified somewhat for the reflected rays from the pararbolic mirror 20 resulting in the center rays, indicated as 73 in Figure 5, being nearly horizontal but lower than the rays 72, indicated in Figure 2, directed toward the ends of the reflector 21. Thus the path or plane defined by the scanning rays 73 and 72 is curved and semiconical and do not fall on a straight line. If the reflector 21 were disposed in a plane represented by the forward edge 75 of reflector 21 then the outer rays 72 would be deflected as indicated by the broken line 76 and the image trace on the path would be concave as viewed from the source 15. By placing a bow or curve in the reflector 21 to bend the ends back to the plane of line 78 of Figure 5 and retain the center of the mirror at the plane of line 75, the rays all fall in the place 79 and the scan line 23 on the receptor 30 is straight. In a scanning system where the axis of the projected beam 70 from the laser diode 15 is at an angle of 4.5 degrees above the horizontal and, the axis of rotation of the scanner mirror 17 is vertical, the reflected beam from mirror 17 is at an angle of approximately 6.3 degrees from the incident beam. The parabolic mirror 20 has a focal length of 44 cm (17.3 inches) and spaced 20 cm (7.8 inches) from the mirror 17 and 17.8 cm (7 inches) from the surface 75 of reflector 21. The reflector 21 is 10.2 cm (4 inches) from the focal plane 23. Therefore, a deflection of the ends of the plane reflector 21 toward the plane of line 78, of from 0.13 to 0.25 mm (0.005 to 0.010 inch), affords a straightening of the scan line. This deflection defines a curve having a radius of between 50 and 500 cm (20 and 200 inches). This amount of deflection can be accomplished simply by bending a straight mirror which is 20.3 cm (8 inches) long and 1.5 mm (0.060 inches) thick. The bending may be accomplished by clamping the ends and inserting a 0.13 to 0.25 mm (0.005 to 0.010 inch) spacer at the center. The curved reflector 21 may also be used when scanning an image on the plane 23 with a beam and focussing the image onto a photoelectric cell. Further, the mirror may be formed with an opposite or concave reflecting surface if the center rays 73 of the beam are on a path above the path of the rays 72 on the edges.

Claims: Claims 1. An imaging device for use with an electrophotographic printer to print graphic information on a web of customary width comprising a source of monochromatic radiation, condensing lens for collecting radiation from said source and forming a beam, and scanning means for moving the beam across a path traverse to said beam, characterized by the feature that a compound curved reflector (20) is positioned along said path for imaging radiation from said source to a spot on a flat field. 2. An imaging device according to claim 1 characterized by the feature that said compound curved reflector (20) is a rectangular sector of a parabolic surface positioned for receiving the beam from the scanning means. 3. A scanning system according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by the feature that said source comprises a laser diode (15). 4. An imaging device according to claim 1, 2 or 3 characterized by the feature that scanning means comprises a mirror (17) driven by a galvanometer (18). 5. An imaging device according to claim 4 characterized by the feature that the mirror (17) is mounted on the galvanometer for oscillation about an axis parallel to the reflective surface of the mirror. 6. An imaging device according to any preceding claim characterized by the feature that a rectangular reflector (21) is positioned in the path of said radiation between said scanning means (17, 18) and said spot for deflecting said moving radiation, said reflector being curved along its length to intercept said radiation and direct the same along a straight path at the focal plane of said spot. 7. An imaging device according to claim 6 characterized by the feature that said radiation is reflected from said compound reflector (20) toward said rectangular reflector (21) and said rectangular reflector (21) is convexly curved toward said compound reflector with the center of the rectangular reflector nearest said focal plane. 8. An imaging device according to claim 1 characterized by the feature that said deflective reflector (21) is disposed between said compound reflector (20) and said path (23) and said reflector (21) is curved to dispose the center of the reflector (21) toward said path of the linear trace td restrict curvature of the path defined by the scanning spot. 9. A printer for the on-line printing of electronic data comprising an imaging device and a copy exposing and developing device, said imaging device comprising a source of radiation, means for focusing radiation from said source to a spot on a flat plane, scanning means for moving the focused radiation across the flat plane, means for advancing a length of paper having a photoconductive coating sensitive to said radiation across said flat plane, means for developing a latent image imparted to said photoconductive coating, and means for fixing the image to said paper, characterized by the feature that said source is a laser diode for producing monochromatic radiation. 10. A printer according to claim 9 characterized by the feature that said means for focusing radiation from said laser diode comprises a condensing lens (16) and a parabolic reflector (20). 11. A printer according to claim 9 characterized by the feature that said scanning means (17, 18) is positioned between said condensing lens and said parabolic reflector (20) for moving the radiation from said condensing lens (16) across the length of said reflector (20). 12. A printer according to claim 9 wherein said laser diode is a 3 to 15 milliwatt diode. 13. A printer according to claim 9 wherein said scanning means comprises a self resonant optical scanner having a mirror (17) mounted on a torsion rod (63, 64) which rod is fixed at each end. 14. A printer according to claim 11 or 12 characterized by the feature that said condensing lens is a high resolution 8 millimeter objective lens and said parabolic reflector (20) has a focal length of 43 cm.

Inventors: LEE, CHARLES C. C/O MINNESOTA MINING AND, OWEN, RICHARD C/O MINNESOTA MINING AND
Applicants: MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Application year: 1983
Main classification: G03G15
IPC codes: H04N1, B41J2