SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOUNDS AND LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITIONS

Abstract: The present invention is characterized by a smectic liquid crystal compound represented by the following for­ mula: wherein R is selected from alkyl and alkoxy groups; m and n are natural numbers; and R* is an optionally active group containing an asymmetric carbon atom, and a liquid crystal composition containing said compound as a component. This compound is excellent in optical stability and high-speed response.

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention is related to a smectic liquid crystal compound and a liquid crystal composition containing said liquid crystal compound, particularly to a smectic liquid crystal compound and a liquid crystal composition excellent in response and highly suitable as the material for ferroelectric liquid crystals. Description of the Prior Art Liquid crystal display is widely applied at present. Twisted nematic (TN) type display is applied in most of them, which is advantageous because of low electric power consumption and little fatique of eyes, as it is of light-receiving type. On the other hand, however, it has a disadvantage of long response time. High-speed response has been required recently for display devices, and liquid crystal materials are being improved for this purpose. However, there is still a great gap in response time between this type of materials and those of luminescent type such as light emitting diode, EL (electroluminescence), or plasma display. Approaches have been continued therefore to find a novel display method in which response can be made with high speed, with advantages of the light-receiving type of liquid crystal display consuming small electric power. One of these approaches is a display device in which an optical switching phenomenon of ferroelectric liquid crystals is utilized (see, e.g., N. A. Clark and S. T. Lagerwall in Appl. Phys. Lett. 36 , 899 (1980)). A ferroelectric liquid crystal was discovered by R. B. Meyer et al. (J. Physique, 36 ,, L-69 (1975)), and considered to belong to a chiral smectic C phase (hereinafter abbreviated as S C *) or to a chiral smectic H phase (hereinafter abbreviated as S H *] based on its molecular orientation. The compounds listed in Table 1 have been heretofore known as ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds (Ph. Martino Lagarde, J. Physique, 37 , C3-129 (1976)). In Table 1, C stands for a crystal phase, S C * for a chiral smectic C phase, S H * for a chiral smectic H phase, S A for a smectic A phase, and I for an isotropic phase. These ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds have a C-C double bond (-CH=C<), which results in weak optical resistance, that is, the compound is easily isomerized with light in a short period into cis-form, not displaying a liquid crystal phase. The compounds are not therefore suitable for practical use as liquid materials for display elements. The inventors have arrived at the present invention as a result of studies with the purpose of providing compounds with a stable molecular structure. In the proceedings of the ACS symposium, Las Vegas, 29th March to 1st April 1982 compounds which form ferroelectric smectic liquid crystals are disclosed which are represented by the formula: It is stated with respect to these compounds that an increase in the value of y has the advantage of increasing the temperature range of the C phase, but also the disadvantage of reducing the strength of the polarizable nature of the material. Summary of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide an optically stable smectic liquid crystal compound and a liquid crystal composition containing said liquid crystalline compound. In the present specification, a smectic liquid crystal compound is defined as a compound which shows a smectic A phase, chiral smectic C phase, or any smectic liquid crystal phases under appropriate conditions. The smectic liquid crystal compound of the present invention is not therefore limited to ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds. The smectic liquid crystal compound of the present invention is characterized by being represented by the general formula (I): wherein R is selected from C₁₋₂₀ alkyl and C₁₋₂₀ alkoxy groups, X is selected from the formulae wherein m and n are each 1 or 2 and R* is an optically active group having the formula R is preferred have 7 or more carbon atoms when m and n are both 1. The second invention of the present application is an invention of a liquid crystal composition which comprises at least two liquid crystal components, at least one of which contains a liquid crystal compound represented by the above general formula (I). As mentioned above, a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase usually belongs to an S C * or S H * phase. These two liquid crystal phases are characterized in that the molecules are oriented forming layers and are aligned aslant in a specified direction on the surface of the layers, and the direction of the slope is shifted little by little between the layers so that the phase has a helical structure as a whole (R. B. Meyer, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst, 40 , 33 (1977)). Spontaneous polarization is in a perpendicular direction to the helical axis, which is perpendicular to the surface of the layer. By the way, it was found as a result of the detailed examination of the relationship between the molecular structure and the appearance of ferroelectricity that the following two conditions are necessary for a molecular structure to induce the above-described molecular orientation and spontaneous polarization in the liquid crystal phase: to have an optically active group at the terminal of the molecule to induce a helical structure, and to have a substituent having an electric dipole at the terminal of the molecule, in a direction approximately perpendicular to the major axis of the liquid crystal molecule, to induce spontaneous polarization. Accordingly, it is understood that the C-C double bond (-CH=CH-) between a benzene ring and an ester linkage in conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds is not a molecular structure essential for the appearance of a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase. The compounds represented by formula (I) of the present invention not only satisfy the above two conditions but also have optical stability unlike conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds, because they have no C-C double bonds. Moreover, as shown in the examples described below, the compounds of the present invention represented by formula (I) are characterized not only by a wide temperature range (hereinafter abbreviated as MR) where they show ferroelectricity by themselves, but also in that the MR of other ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds can be expanded to around room temperature by mixing the compound of the present invention with other compounds including conventional ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds or the compounds of the present invention represented by formula (I). The obtained ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions can be employed in the abovementioned display device in which an optical switching phenomenon of ferroelectric liquid crystals is utilized for high-speed response optical switching. Among the compounds represented by the abovementioned general formulae, liquid crystal compounds represented by the following general formula (III): those represented by the following general formula (IV): and those represented by the following general formula (V): are preferred. R and R* in the above formulae have the same meaning as described in the general formula (I). The compounds of formulae (III) and (IV) are most suitably prepared by reacting an ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid containing an optically active group with an acid halide of the corresponding p-alkoxy- or alkylbenzoic acid, 4-alkyl-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid, or 4-alkoxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid in a basic solvent such as pyridine. The compound of formula (V) is most suitably prepared by reacting an ester of 4-hydroxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid containing an optically active group with an acid halide of a p-alkyl- or p-alkoxybenzoic acid in the same manner. The esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and of a 4-hydroxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid containing an optically active group are preferably prepared from these hydroxy carboxylic acids and an alcohol containing an optically active group in the presence of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid as catalyst, or by the alcoholysis of p-hydroxybenzonitrile and 4-hydroxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl with an alcohol containing an optically active group in the presence of an acid catalyst. The compounds represented by the following general formula (VI) are also typical liquid crystal compounds of the general formula (I): among which those represented by the following general formulae (VII) and (VIII) are preferable: The compounds are represented by these formulae are synthesized by reacting a corresponding p-alkyl or p-alkoxyphenol, or 4-alkyl- or 4-alkoxy-4'-hydroxybiphenyl, with a corresponding acid halide in a basic solvent such as pyridine. The acid halide is synthesized by reacting a p-alkoxycarbonylbenzoic acid, obtained by the oxidation of p-alkoxycarbonylbenzaldehyde containing an optically active group with an oxidizing agent such as chromic acid, with an oxalyl halide, preferably oxalyl chloride, or thionyl chloride. The compounds represented by the following general formulae, (XII), and (XIII) are also typical smectic liquid crystal compounds of the present invention: Compounds of the following three series are reported with their liquid crystal phase transition temperature bt G. W. Gray et al. (Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 37 , 157 (1976)). wherein C n R 2n+1 stands for a straight-chain alkyl group. It is further noted that the compound represented by the following formula (XIV) is described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11944/1982: wherein R' stands for an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. These compounds, however, do not show smectic phases at all, but only show a cholesteric phase at low temperatures. As shown in the examples described below, the compound of formula (VI) is effective when incorporated into other liquid crystal compounds in lowering the temperature range of ferroelectricity of the resulting liquid crystal composition to around room temperature. Compounds having a known structure of formulae IX and X may be produced as follows. The compound of the formula (IX) is most suitably prepared by reacting a 4-alkyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid with a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride or phosphorous pentachloride to form an acid halide, and then reacting the obtained acid halide with an optically active alcohol in a basic solvent such as pyridine. The compound can be also prepared otherwise by the generally known esterification method. The compound of general formula (X) is preferably prepared by reacting an optically active alcohol (R*OH) with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride to form an ester of p-nitrobenzoic acid therafter reducing the obtained p-nitrobenzoate to form a corresponding ester of p-aminobenzoic acid and further reacting the obtained p-aminobenzoate with a p-alkyl- or p-alkoxybenzaldehyde The compound of the general formula (XII) is prepared by reacting in the presence of an alkali. The is prepared by reacting with hydrogen halide. The compound of the general formula (XIII) is most suitably prepared by the following route: A spontaneous polarization value of the compound of formula (I) is about twice or more that of a 2-methylbutyl p-alkoxybenzylidene-p'-amino cinnamate, which is one of the known ferroelectric liquid crystal compounds shown in Table 1. The compounds of formula (I) are preferably used as a composition consisting of two or more of them, rather than as a single compound, because the melting point is lowered by mixing, thus forming a thermodynamically stable S C * phase in a temperature range including room temperature. These liquid crystal compositions can be obtained by mixing some of the compounds of formula (I) with each other or by mixing a compound of formula (I) with a known ferroelectric liquid crystal substance listed in Table 1, e.g., 2-methybutyl p-alkoxybenzylidene-p'-amino cinnamate. The obtained liquid crystal composition in either method shows ferroelectricity. These ferroelectric liquid crystal compositions can be employed in the above-mentioned display in which an optical switching phenomenon of ferroelectric liquid crystals is utilized. As shown in the examples below, high-speed response optical switching with a response time of about 1 millisecond is conducted with these liquid crystal compositions. In the compounds of formula (II) to (XIII), those in the form of racemate do not show ferroelectricity because they have no helical crystalline structure. They show ferroelectricity for practical use only when they are resolved into d- or I-form. As described above, the smectic layer liquid crystal compounds of the present invention are freed of optically unstable carbon to carbon double bonds, are mostly show ferroelectricity around room temperature as shown in the examples below. Accordingly, the liquid crystal compound of the present invention is useful as a component of a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition and excellent in optical stability. A ferroelectric liquid crystal composition excellent in optical stability can be obtained by incorporating a liquid crystal compound of the present invention therein. Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments The present invention will be described in more detail by the following examples. However, these examples are not to limit the scope of the present invention. The phase transition temperature values in the following description may be varied slightly in dependence on the method of measurements or the purity of products. Example 1 This example shows in more detail the synthesis is method described in more general terms with respect to compound III, however with the use of a different optically active alcohol, which is not embraced by the present claims. Synthesis of p-n-decyloxybenzoic acid p'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)phenyl ester 690 g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 650 g of (-)2-methylbutanol, 3 l of benzene, and 30 ml of conc. sulfuric acid were stirred under heating in a container provided with a Dean-Stark reflux condenser to remove generated water. After the reflux for about 11 hours, the solution was cooled and stripped of sulfuric acid by the addition of ice water. The reaction mother liquor was distilled of benzene after being washed by an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and water to obtain oily p-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester. 13.9 g of p-n-decyloxybenzoic acid was heated with excess thionyl chloride for 1 hour under reflux. p-n-Decyloxybenzoic acid chloride was obtained after distilling unreacted thionyl chloride off. 10.6 g of the above prepared p-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester was dissolved in 40 ml of pyridine. When the solution was cooled, a toluene solution of said p-n-decyloxybenzoic acid chloride was admixed therewith under stirring to effect reaction at 80°C for 2 hours. The solution was then acidified by the addition of ice and 6 N hydrochloric acid. After the organic layers were washed with water, then with a 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and again with water, the solvent was distilled off. The residue was recrystallized twice from ethanol to obtain p-n-decyloxybenzoic acid p'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)-phenyl ester. Optical rotatory power: [α] 23°C / D = +2.4° (in chloroform solution) Example 2 This example shows in more detail the synthesis method described in more general terms with respect to compound IV, however with the use of a different optically active alcohol, which is not embraced by the present claims. Synthesis of 4-n-heptyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid p'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)phenyl ester 10 g of 4-n-heptyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid and 50 ml of excess thionyl chloride were heated under reflux for 3 hours and thereafter unreacted thionyl chloride was distilled off to obtain 4-heptyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid chloride. A toluene solution of the obtained acid halide was dropped into the solution of Example 1, in which 7.2 g of p-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester is dissolved in 40 ml of pyridine. The solution was then treated in the same manner as described in Example 1 to obtain a crude product. The product was dissolved in toluene, freed of by-products through a chromatograph column of active alumina, and recrystallized twice from ethyl acetate to obtain 4-n-heptyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid p'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)phenyl ester. Optical rotatory power: [α] 23°C / D = +2.8° (in chloroform solution) Example 3 This example shows in more detail the synthesis method described in more general terms with respect to compound V, however with the use of a different optically active alcohol, which is not embraced by the present claims. Synthesis of p-n-octylbenzoic acid 4'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)-4-biphenylyl ester 20 g of 4-hydroxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid, 53 g of (-)2-methylbutanol, and 4 g of conc. sulfuric acid were refluxed for 20 minutes, admixed with 500 ml of benzene, and heated in a container provided with a Dean-Stark reflux condenser. Generated water was removed. After the reaction mother liquor was cooled and washed with water, the solvent was distilled off to obtain crude 4-hydroxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid 2-methylbutyl ester. The product was recrystallized from benzene-heptane mixed solvent to obtain a purified product having a melting point of 115 to 116°C. p-n-Octylbenzoic acid chloride prepared from 7 g of p-n-octylbenzoic acid and excess thionyl chloride was dissolved in toluene, and the solution was admixed with a pyridine solution of 8.3 g of said 4-hydroxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid 2-methylbutyl ester for reaction at 80°C for 3 hours. The crude product was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 1 and recrystallized twice from ethyl acetate to obtain p-n-octylbenzoic acid 4'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)-4-biphenylyl ester. Optical rotatory power: [α] 23°C / D = +2.5° (in chloroform solution) Example 4 This example shows the esterification of the optically active alcohol 2-octyl alcohol used in the present invention with an acid, which is not embraced by formula I. Synthesis of 4-octyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid 2-octyl ester 4-Octyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid chloride was prepared in the same manner as described in Example 9. A toluene solution dissolving 9.8 g of said acid chloride was dropped under stirring into a water-cooled solution of 10 g of (-)2-octyl alcohol (manufactured by Fluka AG, Chemische Fabrik) dissolved in 40 ml of pyridine, and further stirred in a hot-water bath at 90°C for 3 hours. The solution was cooled, and thereafter acidified with 6 N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, then with a 2 N sodium hydroxide solution, and again with water, and distilled off in toluene to obtain the desired residue, which was recrystallized twice from ethanol to obtain 17.2 g of flaky crystals. The melting point of the crystal was 74.5 to 75 °C. The NMR spectrum and the elemental analysis values were consistent with the chemical structure of the desired product. The optical rotatory power [α] 24 / D in a chloroform solution was -33.2°. An enantiomer of the same substance was obtained in the same method except for using (+)2-octyl alcohol (manufactured by Fluka AG, Chemische Fabrik) in place of (-)2-octyl alcohol. The melting point of the enantiomer was 74.5 to 75°C , and the optical rotatory power [α] 24 / D was +33.0° (in chloroform solution). 4-Pentyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid 2-octyl ester was obtained from 4-pentyloxy-4'-biphenylcarboxylic acid chloride and (-)2-octyl alcohol in the same manner. The melting point of the product was 61.8°C. Example 5 This example shows in more detail the synthesis method described in more general terms with respect to compound VIII, however with the use of a different optically active alcohol, which is not embraced by the present claims. Synthesis of 4'-n-decyloxy-4-biphenylyl S-p-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)benzoate 4'-n-Decyloxy-4-hydroxybiphenyl was synthesized by monoalkylating commercially available 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl in the presence of an equivalent amount of n-decyl p-toluenesulfonate and an alkali (m.p. 149°C). S-p-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)benzoic acid was obtained by dissolving 113 g of S-p-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)benzaldehyde described in Example 23 in 250 ml of acetic acid; dropping a solution consisting of 70 g of chromic anhydride, 150 ml of acetic acid, and 20 ml of water into the above solution under stirring for about 3 hours, the temperature of the liquid being maintained at 20°C or below during the dropping; further stirring for 1 hour at 30°C, adding 250 ml of water; collecting the obtained crystals by suction filtration; and recrystallizing the crystals twice from ethanol. The amount of the obtained substituted benzoic acid was 78 g and the melting point was 158 to 160°C. 12 g of this acid was heated under reflux with 15 ml of oxalyl chloride and 25 ml of toluene for 3 hours, and excess oxalyl chloride and toluene were distilled off in vacuum to obtain S-p-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)benzoyl chloride. The obtained substance was used in the next step without purification. The obtained distillation residue was dissolved in 50 ml of toluene. The solution was dropped into an ice-cooled solution wherein 15 g of 4'-n-decyloxy-4-hydroxybiphenyl was dissolved in 80 ml of anhydrous pyridine under stirring and reaction was proceeded at 80°C for 2 hours. The product was collected by the ordinary method and recrystallized twice from ethyl acetate to obtain colorless crystals. Example 6 This example shows in more detail the synthesis method described in more general terms with respect to compound XII, however with the use of a different optically active alcohol, which is not embraced by the present claims. Synthesis of p-n-octyloxybenzyl S-4'-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl )-4-biphenylyl ether 10 g of p-n-octyloxybenzyl alcohol, prepared by the reduction of p-n-octyloxybenzaldehyde with sodium borohydride was dissolved in 30 ml of benzene. Hydrogen chloride gas was passed through the solution on a hot-water bath at 60°C. Generated water was removed; the solution was dried over calcium chloride, and benzene was distilled off in vacuum, to obtain 12.3 g of the substituted benzyl chloride. On the other hand, 9.6 g of S-4'-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxybiphenyl, 2.3 g of potassium hydroxide, and 35 ml of 95% ethanol were heated under stirring. A toluene (40 ml) solution of the above benzyl chloride was added thereto and heated under reflux for 2 hours. The reaction product was collected by the ordinary method and recrystallized from ethanol and then with ethyl acetate to obtain 2.9 g flaky crystals of the desired product. The melting point of the obtained compound was 97.3°C. The phase transition temperature (°C) was as follows: Example 7 This example shows in more detail the synthesis method described in more general terms with respect to compound XIII, however with the use of a different optically active alcohol, which is not embraced by the present claims. Synthesis of 4'-n-octyloxy-4-biphenyl S-p-(2-methylbutoxycarbonyl)benzyl ether 5 g of 4'-n-octyloxy-4-hydroxybiphenyl, 1.5 g of potassium hydrooxide, and 100 g of 95% ethanol were heated under reflux, and a solution wherein 4.2 g of p-bromobenzyl bromide was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol was added thereto to effect reaction for 2 hours. The reaction liquid was treated in the ordinary method to obtain 6.1 g of 4'-n-octyloxy-4-biphenylyl p-bromobenzyl ether after recrystallization from ethyl acetate. The obtained product showed the following phase transition temperatures: C-S E 105.8°C S E -S B 189.5°C S B -I 206°C 6 g of the obtained bromo compound and 1.5 g of copper cyanate were heated under stirring at reflux for 8 hours. The solution was then treated with an acidic aqueous solution of ferric chloride at 60°C for 1 hour, and a cyano compound was extracted therefrom with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with acidic water and then with alkaline water, and chloroform was distilled off in vacuum to obtain black residue. The residue was dissolved in toluene and decolored through an alumina chromatography column. After the solvent was distilled off in vacuum, the obtained solid matter was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethenol and ethyl acetate to obtain 4'-n-octyloxy-4-biphenyl p-cyanobenzyl ether, the phase transition temperatures of which were: C-N 127°C N-I 171.5°C 4.4 g of this cyano compound was heated under reflux with 73 ml of ethylene glycol, 1.8 g of potassium hydroxide, and 3 ml of water. After the solution was cooled, diluted hydrochloric acid was added thereto to acidify the reaction liquid and crystals were collected by filtration. The crystals were recrystallized from 400 ml of acetic acid to obtain 4.1 g of 4-(4-n-octyloxybiphenylyl-4'-oxymethyl)benzoic acid. The phase transition temperatures of the obtained product were: C-S c 193.6°C S c -N 254°C N-I 279.2°C 2 g of 4-(4-n-octyloxybiphenyl-4'-oxymethyl)benzoic acid and 5 ml of thionyl chloride were heated under stirring at 70 to 80°C for 5 hours and excess thionyl chloride was distilled off in vacuum to obtain acid chloride crystals. 0.5 g of S(-)-2-methyl-1-butanol was dissolved in 5 ml of pyridine in another flask and admixed with said acid chloride. The mixture was left to stand overnight after stirring and admixed with 20 ml of toluene and 10 ml of water. The organic layer was washed with 6 N HCl and then with 2 N NaOH, and further with water until it was neutralized. After toluene was distilled off in vacuum, the residue was recrystallized from ethanol to obtain 1.1 g of desired 4'-n-octyloxy-4-biphenylyl S-p-(2-methylbutyloxycarbonyl)benzyl ether. The phase transition temperatures of the products are listed in Table 2.

Claims: A smectic liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula: wherein R is selected from C₁₋₂₀ alkyl and C₁₋₂₀ alkoxy groups, X is selected from the formulae wherein m and n are each 1 or 2 and R* is an optically active group represented by the formula A smectic liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula: wherein R is selected from C₁₋₂₀ alkyl and C₁₋₂₀ alkoxy groups wherein X is wherein m and n are 1 or 2, and R* is an optically active group of the formula A smectic liquid crystal compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R, in case m and n are 1 at the same time, contains 7 or more carbon atoms. A smectic liquid crystal composition containing as a component a smectic liquid crystal compound represented by the following general formula: wherein R is selected from C₁₋₂₀ alkyl and C₁₋₂₀ alkoxy groups, where x is selected from wherein m and n are each 1 or 2 and R* is an optically active group represented by the formula A smectic liquid crystal composition containing as a component a smectic liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula: wherein R is selected from C₁₋₂₀ alkyl and C₁₋₂₀ alkoxy groups, wherein X is wherein m and n are 1 or 2 and R* is an optically active group of formula A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4 or 5, which comprises a compound according to claim 1 or 2 or a mixture of these compounds and a 2-methylbutyl p-alkyloxybenzylidene-p-aminocinnamate. A liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein R, in case m and n are 1 at the same time, contains 7 or more carbon atoms.

Inventors: FURUKAWA, KENJI, HATTORI, SHINTAROU, INUKAI, TAKASHI, ISOGAI, MASATO, IWASAKI, KISHIRO, KITAMURA, TERUO, MUKO, AKIO, SAITO, SHINICHI, TERASHIMA, KANETSUGU
Applicants: CHISSO CORPORATION, HITACHI, LTD.
Application year: 1983
Main classification: C09K19
IPC codes: C09K19