A STOP OR SWITCH VALVE FOR FLUIDS

Abstract: In a stop or switch valve of the type having a valve head (76, 78) mounted on a reciprocable valve rod (86) the bushing member (30) as guiding the valve rod is provided with a cylindrical recess (48), through which a cleansing or sterilizing medium is brought to flow for counteracting contamination of the valve liquid when the valve head is switched into a position, in which the previously retracted valve rod portion (86, 74) is reintroduced into the valve chamber (4, 6) as holding or conducting the valve liquid. The recess (48) is flow connected with further recesses or channels (52, 106) as provided adjacent the outside of such sealing rings, which seal various other valve chamber wall portions (30, 76, 88), whereby the recess or channel system can be included in a leakage supervision arrangement.

Description: A Stop or Switch Valve for Fluids. The present invention relates to a switch valve for fluids and of the type as specified in the introductory clause of claim 1. Valves of this type are used extensive¬ ly in the chemical industry and not least in dairies and other undertakings handling consumable liquids. The switch valves are usable e.g. for causing a battery of liquid tanks ' to be selectively connectable with a plura¬ lity of pipes as connected with various liquid- sources or receivers, such that at one time, for example, some tanks are being filled with one liquid, while others are being emptied for the same or another liquid, while still other tanks are being cleansed by a cleaning liquid. With the use of the said switch valves it is obtained that the tanks of a tank battery may be connected with the various liquid sources or receivers through a re¬ latively low number of pipes and valves, but it is an associated condition that the switch valves are extreme¬ ly effective with respect to the required separation between different liquids as passing through the respective valve chambers when the valve connection therebetween is closed. In the handling of many chemical and consumable li¬ quids it is even important that the switch valves by the very switch operation thereof do not give rise to any significant supply of "rest liquid" from the former ope¬ ration to the new liquid flow conditions of the valve, and it is particularly important that a valve having con¬ nected a tank with a cleansing medium does not, by the switching thereof, cause any significant amount of cleans- ing liquid to be mixed into the new liquid to be supplied to the tank. OMPI Similarly it is generally important that the switch over of a valve gives rise to the smallest possible con¬ tamination of the new liquid as now flowing through the valve, even upon a flow-through cleansing of the valve chamber, whereby "contamination" refers to both chemical and bacteriological contamination. It is a primary purpose of the invention to provide a valve of the type referred to, which, in the switch over situation, is particularly non-contaminating to the liquid. The main features of the valve according to the in¬ vention are as stated in the characterizing clause of claim 1. The invention is based on the recognition that a possible source of contamination in the switch over situations is the surface of the control or guiding rod of the valve head, because such rods are' reciprocated be¬ tween positions inside and outside the'valve chambers, whereby each rod will be reintroduced into its valve chamber still carrying on its surface a certain rest of the liquid as was present in the chamber when the rod was previously retracted therefrom. In the meantime the same surface material may well have been pronounced con¬ taminated by bacteriological reactions outside the valve chamber. It will be appreciated, however, that such con- tamination is now practically avoidable, because the rods as retracted from the valve chambers may be washed or sterilized by means of a suitable fluid as supplied to the said recesses about the rods. The invention almost naturally connects itself with another and well known safety measure, viz. the possibi¬ lity of supervising the efficiency of the sealing means of the valve chamber wall as sealing against the valve head rod. A small draining chamber may be arranged just outside the sealing area, and an observed outlet from this chamber will be indicative of the sealing means having to be repaired. It will be appreciated that the discussed recesses according to the invention, in addition to their primary function, may even be utilized for such leakage inspection. They are even usable for still a further purpose, viz. for holding an applied desired over- or underpressure on the outer side of the rod sealing means as opposed to the inner side, which is subjected to the pressure inside the valve chamber. In valves of preferred designs according to the invention, therefore, the said recesses are channel connected with such cavities, which shall perhaps not require cleaning or sterilization, but which are wanted to be included in the leakage supervising system and/or a pressurized system. It should here be:.briefly mentioned that in a special and widely used valve- type the valve head cooperates with a valve seat between two chambers, which may be flow-through chambers for respective different liquids, whereby it is important that the leakage supervising system be extended to include the sealing means of the valve head itself. Therefore, an outwardly open annular drain chamber is arranged between parallel sealing ring means on the valve head, and the drain cha ber is supplied with cleansing liquid through a channel in the valve head rod, the liquid being let away through a channel in an opposed valve head guiding rod. Any leakage of the sealing means will ' reveal itself by "contamination", e.g. miscolouring, of the cleansing . liquid. The invention is extremely well suited for this type of valves, because the cleansing liquid may be supplied from the said recess direct through a channel side opening of the valve rod as communicating with the recess, and a similar arrangement may be provided in con¬ nection with the opposed guiding rod. Hereby an effective flow through the recesses will be established in a simple- suitable manner. The invention, as described below, even provides for an important improvement of the said valve head as having an annular drain chamber. In the following the invention is described ' in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a valve according to the invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of an almost similar valve. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a detail, thereof, Figs. 4 and 5 are side views .of modified valves according to the invention, and Fig. 6 is a detailed sectional view of the valve illustrated in Fig. 5. The valve as shown in Fig. 1 is of a generally known layout, comprising an upper actuator part 2 and a lower valve chamber, system, here shown as two superimposed chambers 4 and 6 each provided with connector stubs 8. The two chambers 4 and 6 are interconnected through a neck portion 10, and the lower chamber 6 is closed bottom- wise by a flange structure 12. The interior of the neck portion 10 constitutes a valve seat for a valve head (not shown) as mounted on a valve rod 14, which is ver¬ tically reciprocable by means of the actuator part 2, whereby the flow connection between the chambers 4 and 6 can be opened and closed. The lower end of the valve rod 14 is guided in an outer bushing 16. The actuator part 2 is a cylinder including a spring loaded piston for moving the valve rod 14 in response to a pressure medium being let in or out through a connector stub 18. The valve chamber system may be designed in many different ways, as it should not necessarily include two valve chambers. Fig. 2 shows an example, in which the actuator part 2 cooperates with but a single valve chamber 20 as pro¬ vided with but a single connector stub 8, through more such stubs could be provided, while a lower valve seat portion, of this chamber is openable towards an outlet or inlet pipe 22 rather than towards another valve chamber. Thus, Fig. 2 shows a stop valve rather than a switch valve. However, Fig. 2 illustrates in more detail both the basic construction and several of the features of the invention: The actuator part 2 comprises an outer cylinder 24 having a bottom flange 26 for connection with a standard top flange 28 of the underlying valve chamber unit 20. Inside these flange- portions 26,28 is arranged a block member 30 having a central passage for the valve rod 14, with a sealing ring 32 located closely adjacent the top side of the chamber 20. To the valve rod 14 is rigidly secured a piston 34, which is urged downwardly by a spring 36 located topwise in the cylinder 24. The block member 30 is sealed against the cylinder 24 by means of a stationary piston ' like element 38- The connector stub 18 is arranged between the piston members 34 ' and 38, and when a pressure medium such ' as compressed air is intro¬ duced through the stub 18 the piston 34 will be caused to move upwardly, thus moving the valve rod 14 upwardly, against the action of the compression spring 36. At its lower end the valve rod 14 is provided .with a valve head 40 as cooperating with an annular valve seat 42 in a block member 44 as defining the relevant mouth portion of the lower branch pipe 22. The valve head 40 has a sealing ring 46 cooperating with the conical- seat surface 42. It is readily understood that the valve seat 42 will be opened by retraction of the valve head 40 when compressed air is admitted to the cylinder 24 through the stub 18, while the spring 36 serves to close the valve seat 44 when the control air pressure is re¬ lieved. It is a primary feature of the invention that the central passage of the block member 30 is of a relative large axial- length and is shaped with an interior cylin¬ drical cavity or recess 48, which is open towards the outside of the valve rod 14 and is connected, e.g. ' .through a radial channel 50, with exterior pipe means for supply- ing a cleansing or sterilizing medium to the recess 48. It will be appreciated that once such a medium is supplied to the recess 48 the outside of the valve rod 14 will be cleansed or sterilized not only when the valve is closed, but also when the valve head 40 is retracted from the valve seat 44, e.g. as shown in dotted lines. When the valve is thereafter closed, the valve rod por¬ tion as hereby rei troduced into the valve chamber 20 will thus be newly cleansed or sterilized, whereby it will be unable to cause the liquid in the valve chamber 20 to be contaminated. In the preferred construction as shown in Fig. 2 the cleansing or sterilizing medium is supplied to the recess 48 via a channel 50, which is branched off from an outer annular groove 52 in the block member 30, this groove being located between sealing rings 54 and 56, with which the block member 30 engages a wide central opening o . he upper valve chamber flange 28. The said medium is supplied to the annular recess 52 through an exterior pipe 58 as also shown in Fig. 1, and it is let out through another radial channel 51 and a pipe 60 as shown in more detail in Fig. 3: In the groov 52 is arranged a pair of opposite tightening members 62, adjacent opposed sides of each of which the respective opposed pipes 58,60 and radial channels 50 and 51 are connected with the groove 52, whereby, as shown by arrows, the inlet fluid will flow first ca. 180 through the groove 52 and then diagonal¬ ly through the channels 50 and the recess 48, and final¬ ly through the remaining ca. 180 of the groove 52. As examplified by Fig. 3 it is thus possible to secure an oriented flow through both the groove 52 and the recess 48. The medium may be hot steam under a suitable pressure. The collection of condense water in the recess is counteracted by the outlet channel 51 leaving the re¬ cess bottomwise. Any leakage of liquid from the valve chamber 20 through the sealing rings 32 and 54 will reveal itself by inspection of the output product from the pipe 60. The lower valve seat block 44 is provided with a peripheral groove 64 as corresponding to the groove 52, the groove 64 being located just outside a sealing ring 66 towards the valve chamber 20 and being connected with a medium inlet pipe 68 and .a similar outlet pipe (not shown) , such that the medium is forced to pass along the " groove by a suitably modified arrangement compared to Fig. 3. In Fig. 1.is shown ' that the upper medium inlet pipe 58 may be connected in parallel with the lower inlet pipe 68. The outlets, of course, may be correspondingly inter¬ connected, or the upper and lower system may be connected in series, if permitted by the operational conditions such as undesired steam condensation towards the outlet end. Fig. 4 shows an embodiment, in which the valve head 40 is a double acting head operating in the lower valve chamber 6 so as to-be shiftable between a lower outlet valve seat 42 or an upper- valve seat 70 in the connector neck portion 10. In Fig. 5 is shown another embodiment, corresponding to Fig. 1, in which the valve head 40 cooperates with an upper valve seat 72 in the -connector neck portion so as to be upwardly retractable therefrom. The downwardly projecting guiding rod portion of the valve rod 14 is here designated 74. A valve of this design is shown in more detail in Fig. 6, in which several reference nume- rals designate similar parts as in Fig. 2. In Fig. 6, the valve head 40 consists of a lower OMPI part 76, which, through a central rod 78, is rigidly connected with the upper valve rod actuator piston 34. Underneath this piston and biased therefrom by a com¬ pression spring 80 is arranged an additional piston plate 82, which is provided with a hole 84 and is slidable on a portion 79 of the rod 78. The hub portion of the piston plate 82 is secured to a hollow rod 86 projecting downwardly about the central rod 78 and having at its . lower end an upper valve head part 88 located just above the head part 76. The lower portion of the central rod 78 is of reduced diameter, except for a lowermost rod portion 90, which is slidingly held in the lower end of the central bore of the hollow rod 86 and is secured to the lower valve head part 76. The said reduced diameter gives rise to a cylindrical channel 92 between the central and the hollow rod, this channel projecting axially from the lower slide rod portion 90 up to a level above the bottom end of the cylindrical recess 48 as encircling the outside of the valve rod, here the hollow rod 86. Just above the bottom of the recess 48 the wall of the hollow rod 86 is provided with a radial hole 94, such that the recess 48 may communicate with the cylindrical channel 92, also when the valve rods are displaced upward¬ ly from their lowermost positions as shown in Fig. 6. The upper spring 36, through the central rod 79,78, forces the lower head part 76 down against an annular valve seat 96, which is extended upwardly through a cy¬ lindrical or only slightly conical portion 98, which continues in a pronounced conical seat portion 100. The upper head part 88 is forced against this seat por¬ tion 100 by the hollow rod 86 being downwardly biased by the combined pressure of the actuator springs 36 and 80 as acting on the piston plate 82. The head parts 76 and 88 are provided with circumferential sealing rings, 102 and 104, respectively, for cooperation with the said seat portions. In the closed position as shown, the two head parts are spaced from each other, thus confining a chamber 106 between them. In the underside of the upper head part 88 is mounted an annular sealing ring 108 as engageable by an annular top surface portion 110 of the lower head part 76. At its lower end the cylindrical channel 92 between the valve rods is closed by means of the rod portion 90, but from an area well spaced above this portion a :few inclined channels 112 are branched off from the inside of the hollow valve rod 86, these channels leading to the underside of the valve head ' 88 inside the annular sealing ring 108. Correspondingly, one or more inclined channels 114 are provided in the lower head part 76, these channels leading to a downwardly open bore 116 in the lower valve guiding rod 74. In operation the medium as supplied to the discussed recess 48 will pass from this recess through the hole 94 into the cylindrical channel 92 and through the channels 112 to the chamber 106 between the sealing rings 102 and 104, whereafter the medium is let out through the channels 114 and the bore 116. In the lower flange assembly 12, as in Fig. 1, a rod surface cleaning and- leak supervising, system' is arranged, corresponding almost exactly to the system of or in the block 30 topwise of the valve chamber 20 of Fig. 2, whereby the relevant outer portion of the hollow valve guiding rod 74 is kept clean or sterilized preparatory to its being drawn into the lower valve chamber 6 when the valve head structure 76,88 is raised from the seat portions 96,98,100. ■ As long as the valve head parts remain seated the chamber 106 between the valve head parts will receive any such liquid, which may happen to leak across any of the sealing rings 102 and 104, and the leakage supervision is thus extended to the valve head 76,88, inasfar as process liquid happening to be present in the outflow from the lower valve guiding rod 74 may, of course, refer to a leakage in the top sealing system of the upper valve chamber 4. However, any sign of a leakage will be indicative of the particular valve having to be more closely examined and repaired. In addition to the possible leakage supervision the throughflow of a cleansing or sterilizing medium through the valve head chamber 106 will serve to clean or keep clean the valve seat surface between the sealing rings 102 and 108, whereby this surface area will not be guilty of contaminating the process liquid when the valve head 76,88 is later retracted from the valve seat. Addi¬ tionally, the said medium such as steam may even here be supplied at an overpressure as counteracting any leakage tendency from the valve chambers 4 and 6. When compressed air or another pressure fluid is admitted through the stub 18 for causing the valve head structure 76,88 to be lifted from the valve seat region the pressure as transmitted through the hole 84 in the piston plate 82 will cause the upper piston 34 and there- with the central.valve rod 78 to move upwardly against the action of the spring 36, whereby the lower valve head part 76 is urged upwardly against the underside of the upper head part 88. Thus, by the further raising action the spring 80 will expand slightly and cause the two valve head parts to be forced firmly together, whereafter both head parts will be raised further with the sealing ring 108 engaged by the top surface 110 of the lower head part 76, whereby the chamber 106 between the head parts will be closed outwardly even before the upper valve head part 88 leaves its seat 110. This automatic preclosing of the chamber 106 is high¬ ly important, because it will prevent the interior cleans¬ ing or sterilizing medium in the chamber 106 from being mixed into the process liquid in any of the valve-cham- bers 4 or 6, or - invertedly - process liquid from enter¬ ing the chamber 106, when the valve is opened between these chambers. This pronounced advantage is due to the lower valve head part 76 first being moved upward¬ ly through the cylindric or very slightly conical seat portion 98, whereby it maintains an effective sealing against the valve seat until it is lifted far enough to contact the sealing ring 108 of the upper head part to thereby close the chamber 106 before or concurrently, with the outer sealing rings 102,104 leaving the cylin¬ drical seat portion 98 and the conical seat 100, re- spectively. The chamber 106, of course, remains sealing- ly closed whenever the valve head assumes its raised position, and by relowering of the valve head the cham¬ ber 106 is not reopened until both head parts 76 and 88 have sealingly engaged their respective seats so as to again prevent undesirable liquid flow to or from the chamber 106. In the raised position of the valve head and valve rods 78 and 86 the radial hole 94 will still communicate with the cylindrical recess 48, and the chamber 106 is still open internally for conducting the cleansing or multiple purpose medium from the recess 48 to the lower outlet through the bore 116. It should be emphasized that the described valve head unit 76,88 will be usable with the described advantages even in leakage supervising systems, in which there are no recesses 48 or other valve rod cleaning or ste¬ rilizing arrangements. Topwise in Fig. 6 is shown, in dotted lines, a casing 118 over the top end of the valve rod, this casing containing sensor means for the position of the valve rod as well known in the art. However, the central valve rod has an upper extension 120, and special sensor means (not shown) are provided in the casing or on the top portion 14 of the hollow valve rod 86 so as to sense the mutual position of the elements 14 and 120, thus pro¬ viding a sensing signal referring to the valve head chamber 106 being open or fully closed. It will be appreciated that the valves according to Figs. 2 and 6 are designed in such a manner that the actuator units 2 with associated valve rods and heads are easily removable from the valve chamber systems, such that with the use of superimposed valve chambers 4 and 6 these chambers need not be separable from each other, i.e. they may be welded together somewhere in the neck portion 10. Thus, even the external medium pipes 58 and 68 (Figs. 1 and 4)J may be rigidly connected with each other through a pipe 59. In the foregoing the valves have been described with vertical orientation, but this is in no way a necessary condition. OMPI

Claims: CLAIMS : 1. A stop or switch valve for fluids and of the type comprising a valve chamber as constituted by an inlet, outlet or throughlet chamber having in a wall portion thereof a valve seat opening communicating with a branch conduit, and a valve head for opening and closing said valve seat opening by a respective 'displacement movement away from or towards the valve seat opening, the valve head being connected with a guiding or driving rod member as hereby axially reciprocated through a sealed opening in an opposite wall portion of said valve chamber, such that the rod member traverses the valve chamber and is thus exposed to the fluid therein, characterized in that closely outside of said sealed opening (32,66) there is arranged, around the rod member (14,74,86), a stationary bushing (30) having an interior annular recess (48) which is open inwardly towards the outer surface of the rod member and communicates with channel means (50,51,92) for supplying to the recess a medium such as a cleansing or sterilizing medium, said annular recess preferably having an axial length at least rough¬ ly corresponding to the valve head displacement between open and closed position thereof. 2. A valve according to claim 1, in which the rod member is a valve head driving member (14,86) associated with exterior control means (2) for displacing the rod member so as to open and close the said valve seat opening (42,100) . 3. A valve according to claim 1 or 2, in which the rod member is a passive guiding member (74) as projecting from the valve head independently of the means (2) for causing the switching movements of the valve head. 4. A valve according to claim 1, in which the recess (48) is provided in the wall of a central rod guiding bore in a block member (30) as -'axially inserted into an opening of the valve chamber and circumferentially sealed thereagainst by means of a sealing ring (32) , the said recess (48) being connected with an annular channel (52) as provided along the circumference of said block (30) member axially outside said sealing ring (54) . 5. A valve according to claim 1 or 4, in which a valve seat opening (42) is provided in a cylindrical block (44) as axially inserted in an opening in the wall of the valve chamber and sealed thereagainst by means of a sealing ring (66) , an annular channel (64) as connected in a leakage supervising medium flow system being provided along the circumference of the block (44) axially outside the sealing ring (66) . 6. A valve according to claim 1 or 4, in which the annular recess (48) is provided with inlet and out¬ let conduits (50 and 51, 94), of which the outlet con- duit is preferably located in a bottom level of the recess. 7. A valve according to claim 1 , in which an outlet from the recess (48) is constituted by radial hole means (94) ' in the wall of a tubular valve head rod (86) , through which the outlet medium is delivered to a leakage chamber (106) in the valve head (76,88) and further to an outlet channel (116) in a valve head rod (74) on the other side of the valve head. 8. A valve according to claim 7, in which the valve head comprises two head parts (76,88), which are con¬ nected with respective valve head rods (86,78) extend¬ ing coaxially into an actuator unit (2) , in which means are provided for displacing the coaxial valve rods as a whole and additionally for mutually displacing the rods to enable the head parts to be separated in the closed position for forming between them the said leakage chamber (106), while the valve head parts (76,88) when retracted from the valve seat are forced together for holding the leakage chamber circumferentially closed, and whe ' rein the valve seat is generally divergingly conical towards the valve retraction side thereof, a first of said head parts (76) cooperating with the narrower end (96) of the seat while the other head part . (88) cooperates with the broader end (100) of the seat, said seat having an intermediate portion (98) of cylin- drical or only slightly conical shape, such that by initial retraction of the first head part (76)' the sealing means (102) thereof will maintain a sealing engagement with the intermediate seat portion (98) at least until it sealingly engages the other head part (88) for further combined retraction of the head parts. OMPI WΪ?O

Inventors: MELGAARD OLUF, MELGAARD, OLUF
Applicants: BM DIGIFLOW AS, BM DIGIFLOW A/S
Application year: 1983
Main classification: F16K51
IPC codes: F16K1, F16K25, F16K37