APPARATUS FOR MONITORING THE OPERATIONAL INTEGRITY OF PARAMETER MEASURING DETECTORS

Abstract: A parameter measuring detector, i.e., radiation detector (10, 42), is subjected continuously to the parameter of interest of a monitored environment (ME) and intermittently to a predetermined level of the parameter from a check source (12, 40). The output signal of the detector is separate­ ly averaged during both the time (T1) the detector is subjected to the parameter level of the monitored environ­ ment and the predetermined level of the parameter and the time (T2) it is subjected only to the parameter level of the monitored environment. The difference between the two averages represents the predetermined level of the para­ meter as measured by the detector. This value is compared against the actual value of the predetermined level to determine the operational integrity of the detector. This signal processing technique eliminates the need for a check source of high strength which creates a radiation hazard and which is used to monitor high radiation channels such as a post-accident monitoring channel in nuclear reactor installa­ tions.

Description: APPARATUS FOR MONITORING THE OPERATIONAL INTEGRITY OF PARAMETER MEASURING DETECTORS This invention relates to an improved apparatus for monitoring the operational integrity of parameter measuring detectors. In nuclear reactor installations, the operational integrity of radiation monitoring channels is typically verified by exposing the radiation detectors associated with the channels to a check source. For detectors employed in low radiation environments, this is accomplished with a low level check source requiring a minimal amount of shielding and control. Eor detectors employed in higher radiation fields, i.e., post-accident radiation monitors, the strength of the check source becomes prohibitively high, thus requiring periodic manual verifications of the operational integrity of the radiation monitoring channels. It is an object of this invention to provide an improved apparatus for monitoring the operational integrity of such parameter measuring detectors with a view to overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art. The invention resides in apparatus for monitoring the operational integrity of a parameter measuring detector means which generates an output signal indicative of the level of a selected parameter within a monitored environment, comprising a check source means for generating a predetermined level of the selected parameter, wherein said predetermined level is less than the maximum parameter level response capability of said parameter measuring detector means; activating means for generating an intermittent output signal to activate said check source means during a time period T1 and to deactivate said check source means during a time period T2, said check source means subjecting said parameter measuring detector means to said predetermined level of the selected parameter during the time period T1, said parameter measuring detector means generating an output signal during the time period T1 corresponding to the combination of the selected parameter from both the monitored environment and the check source means, and an output signal during the time period T2 corresponding to the selected parameter of the monitored environment; synchronous detecor means operatively connected to said parameter measuring detector means and said activating means for separately detecting and averaging the components of the output signal generated by the parameter measuring detector means correspondong to the time periods T1 and T2, respectively, and generating an output signal indicative of the difference between the averages of said signal components, this difference corresponding to a measurement by the parameter measuring detector means of the predetermined level of the selected parameter generated by the check source means; and comparator circuit means for comparing the output signal of said synchronous detector means and a signal corresponding to the actual level of said predetermined level generated by said check source means, a discrepancy being indicative of an operational irregularity in said parameter measuring detector means. The signal processing technique as described briefly above has application to a wide range of parameter measuring configurations, i.e., radiation, pressure, vibration, etc. In the application of the technique in combination with a detector for radiation monitoring, the technique permits the use of a relatively small, low level, radiation check source to determine the operational integrity of radiation channels for both low radiation and high radiation monitoring systems. In the conventional radiation monitoring arrangement, a radiation check source is sized to indicate about one decade above the highest anticipated background to assure discrimination against background. There is disclosed herein a technique wherein the radiation check source is reduced to convenient strengths and continuously exposed to the detector for periodic, or random, activation of the operational integrity verification of a radiation monitoring channel. While the change in channel output as a result of the relatively small radiation check source may be indistinguishable from noise and background using conventional discrimination techniques, the small signal change is detectable if it is detected synchronously with the exposure of the detector by the check source. The invention will become more readily apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments thereof when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figures 1A and 1B are block diagram schematic illustrations of an implementation of the invention; and Figure 2 is a block diagram schematic illustration of an alternate implementation of the invention. While the disclosed technique for monitoring-the operational integrity of parameter measuring detectors, as is typically illustrated in the schematic diagrams of Figures 1A, 1B and 2, have application to numerous parameter measuring configurations, the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings depicts the disclosed technique in combination with a radiation measuring detector. Referring to Figure 1A, a radiation detector 10, which may be typically implemented through the use of an ion chamber, generates an output signal in response to the radiation level of a monitored environment ME. A radia tion check source 12, in response to excitation from an oscillator or modulator 14, periodically or intermittently, subjects the detector 10 to a level of check source radiation. It may be advantageous to use a periodic or random modulation to provide immunity to external radiation sources. The modulator 14, which may be typically considered a pulse generator and suitably implemented through a shutter arrangement, activates the radiation check source 12 during a first time period T1 during which the detector 10 is exposed to a level of check source radiation, and deactivates the radiation check source 12 during the time period T2. Inasmuch as it is desirable to maintain the radiation level of the check source 12 quite low in order to avoid potentially hazardous radiation levels, the frequency of the activation pulses generated by the modulator 14 will be quite low, i.e., in the region of one pulse per 10 to 1000 seconds. The output of the detector 10 during the activation periods T1 corresponds to the combination of the measured radiation of the monitored environment ME plus the radiation level of the radiation check source 12. The output signal of the detector 10 during the pulse periods T2 corresponds to a measurement of the radiation level of the monitored environment ME only. The output signals from detector 10 corresponding to the periodic time periods T1 and T2 are supplied through a signal conditioning circuit 16 to a synchronous detector circuit 18. The signal conditioning circuit 16 typically represents an amplifier circuit and, may further provide compensation for non-linearity in the output signals from the detector 10. While the above implementation of the technique for monitoring the operational integrity of a radiation detector 10 dictates the use of a check source suitable for transmitting a level of radiation to the detector 10 in response to excitation from the modulator 14, the application of this technique to other parameter measuring detectors, such as pressure, would merely require the substitution of a pressure check source for the radiation check source 12. The synchronous detector 18 represents circuitry which separately detects and averages both the signal components of the output signal of the detector 10, namely, the signal component during time periods T1 during which the detector is exposed to the radiation level from the check source 12 as well as during the times T2 when the output signal of the detector 10 corresponds solely to the radiation level within the monitored environment ME. Due to the low rate of pulses from the modulator 14, as dictated by the low level of radiation from the check source 12, the output signals from the detector 10 are averaged over an extended period of time, i.e., many minutes to hours, to obtain the required confidence level. The synchronous detector 18 provides an output signal indicative of the difference between the two averaged signal components. This signal, which corresponds to a measurement of the radiation level of the check source 12 is supplied as an input to a comparator circuit 20. A signal corresponding to the actual level of the check source radiation is supplied from a reference circuit 22 as a second input to the comparator circuit 20. A discrepancy between the two input signals results in an output signal from the comparator circuit 20 to an alarm or control circuit 70 indicating an inoperative condition. A typical implementation of the synchronous detector 18 is schematically illustrated in Figure 1B for a linear DC responding detector. In this implementation 30 the pulse output of the modulator ld controls the position of a switch 32 between switch positions A and B. When the switch 32 is in position A, corresponding to the time period T1 of the pulse output of the modulator 14, the component of the output signal of the detector 10 corresponding to the combination of the radiation levels of the monitored environment ME and that generated by the check source 12 is averaged by the filter circuit 33. When the switch 32 is in position B, corresponding to the time period T2, the component of the output signal from the detector 10 corresponding to the radiation level of the monitored environment ME is averaged by the filter arrangement 35. A differential amplifier 36 subtracts the output signals from the filters 33 and 35 to produce a signal indicative solely of the radiation level generated by the check source 12. This signal is in turn supplied as a first input to the comparator circuit 20 which in turn has as a second input a signal from the reference source 22. The level of the signal from the reference source 22 corresponds to the radiation level generated by the check source 12. Thus, if the signal developed by the differential amplifier 36 differs beyond predetermined limits from the reference level signal developed by the reference source 22, the comparator circuit 20 will transmit this discrepancy to the annunciator or control circuit 70. This discrepancy is indicative of an operational problem in the detector 10 or associated circuitry. A variation in the implementation of the inventive concept is schematically illustrated in Figure 2. While the operation of the implementation of Figure 2 is similar to that described above, the major difference is that instead of working with DC levels, counts per unit time are averaged and subtracted. While this mode of operation lends itself readily to the use of a microprocessor for essentially all circuitry except for the detector 10 and the check source 12, a hardware component implementation of the digital counting approach is illustrated in Figure 2. The detector 42, instead of developing a DC voltage output as a meaure of incident radiation as was the case of the detector 10 in Figure 1A, develops an output pulse rate which is proportional to the parameter being measured, i.e., incident radiation. The operation of the check source 40 in response to the oscillator or modulator 46 is the same as described above with reference to the implementation of Figure 1A. The amplifier/ discriminator circuit 4 responds to the output pulses of the detector 2 by generating standardized pulse heights and optimizes the response time of the circuitry to minimize the effects of electromagnetic interference, circuit noise, etc. The logic elements represented by the inverter 51 and the NAND gates 52 and 54 of the count channels CHi and CH2, respectively, act in concert as a switch to route the pulse output corresponding to the time periods T1 and T2 to the accumulators 56 and 58. The accumulators, or counters, 56 and 58 store the count levels corresponding to the time periods T1 and T2, respectively, until the counters are reset. The time periods T1 and T2, as described above, are determined by the pulse output pattern developed by the modulator 46. The subtractor circuit 60 takes the difference of the counts in the counters 56 and 58 and averages these differences over a period of time to determine the measured intensity of the check source 40. The output of circuit 60 is supplied to the comparator circuit 20 where it is compared to a reference signal from the source 22 which corresponds to the actual radiation level of the check source 40. As stated above, a difference between the actual radiation level generated by the check source 40 and the measured radiation level of the check source 40 as represented by the output of the comparator circuit 20 provides a necessary indication of the operational integrity of the detector and associated circuitry. This indication is transmitted to the annunciator, or control, circuit 70.

Claims: What we claim is: 1. Apparatus for monitoring the operational integrity of a parameter measuring detector means which generates an output signal indicative of the level of a selected parameter within a monitored environment, comprising a check source means for generating a predetermined level of the selected parameter, wherein said predetermined level is less than the maximum parameter level response capability of said parameter measuring detector means, characterized in that the apparatus includes activating means for generating an intermittent output signal to activate said check source means during a time period T1 and to deactivate said check source means during a time period T2, said check source means subjecting said parameter measuring detector means to said predetermined level of the selected parameter during the time period T1, said parameter measuring detector means generating an output signal during the time period T1 corresponding to the combination of the selected parameter from both the monitored environment and the check source means, and an output signal during the time period T2 corresponding to the selected parameter of the monitored environment; synchronous detector means operatively connected to said parameter measuring detector means and said activating means for separately detecting and averaging the components of the output signal generated by the parameter measuring detector means correspondong to the time periods T1 and T2, respectively, and generating an output signal indica tive of the difference between the averages of said signal components, this difference corresponding to a measurement by the parameter measuring detector means of the predetermined level of the selected parameter generated by the check source means; and comparator circuit means for comparing the output signal of said synchronous detector means and a signal corresponding to the actual level of said predetermined level generated by said check source means, a discrepancy being indicative of an operational irregularity in said parameter measuring detector means. 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the output signal of the parameter measuring detector means is a pulse output signal and said synchronous detector means includes means for separately accumulating the pulse information of the pulse output signal during the time periods T1 and T2, respectively, and means for subtracting the accumulated pulse information for the time periods T1 and T2 to produce an output signal from said synchronous detector means indicative of the predetermined level of the selected parameter generated by the check source means as measured by the parameter measuring detector means. 3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said parameter measuring detector means is a radiation detector means, characterized in that said check source means is a radiation source which responds to the activating means by intermittently subjecting said radiation detector means to a predetermined level of radiation. 4. A method for monitoring the operational integrity of a parameter measuring detector means which generates an output signal indicative of the level of a selected parameter within a monitored environment, comprising generating a predetermined level of the selected parameter, wherein said predetermined level is less than the maximum parameter level response capability of said parameter measuring detector means, characterized by the steps of intermittently subjecting said parameter measur ing detector means to said predetermined level of the selected parameter during a time period T1 and removing said predetermined level of said selected parameter during a time period T2, said parameter measuring detector means generating an output signal during the time period T1 corresponding to the sum of the level of the selected parameter from the monitored environment and the predetermined level of the selected parameter, and an output signal during the time period T2 corresponding to the level of the selected parameter of the monitored environment; separately detecting and averaging the components of the output signal generated by the parameter measuring detector means corresponding to the time periods T1 and T2, respectively, and generating an output signal indicative of the difference between the averages of said signal components, this difference corresponding to a measurement by the parameter measuring detector means of said predetermined level of the selected parameter; and comparing said difference to the actual magnitude of said predetermined level of the selected parameter to determine the operational integrity of the parameter measuring detector means.

Inventors: CHAPRNKA, ANTHONY GEORGE
Applicants: WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
Application year: 1982
Main classification: G01T7
IPC codes: G21C17, G01T7