AN APPARATUS FOR SPACE HEATING

Abstract: An apparatus for space heating, in particular suitable for burning all kinds of liquid hydrocarbons, moreover for heavy liquid fuels of high viscosity, said apparatus is mainly comprising a housing (4) enveloping a combustion chamber (1), having an inlet opening (2) for combustion air, provided with a first blower (9) and an outlet opening (3) for the flue gases, a second blower (16) for forced air transport around the combustion chamber in the housing, a burner pot (4) located at the bottom of the combustion chamber (1) and a fuel pump (18), supplying a fuel tube (21) leading from a fuel tank (17) into said burner pot (4), wherein a presssure chamber (6) for the combustion air communicating with said air inlet opening (2) is arranged around said burner pot (4), whereas in the wall of the burner pot series of relatively small holes (10) communicating with said pressure chamber (6) are arranged over eachother, a partly open baffle plate (11) being arranged in the burner pot (4) in between the series of holes (10) and an electric control circuit to control the different blowers and fuel pump.

Description: An apparatus for space heating The invention is related to an apparatus for space heating, in particular suitable for burning all kinds of liquid hydrocarbons, moreover for heavy liquid fuels of high viscosity, said apparatus is mainly, comprising a co bus- tion chamber, having an inlet opening for combustion air, and an outlet opening for the flue gases, a burner pot located at the bottom of the combustion chamber and a fuel supply tube leading from a fuel tank into said burner pot. The object of the invention is to ameliorate such a device in order to be able to burn all kinds of heavy oils or other liquid fuels, for instance waste-oil or resi¬ dual-oil, whereas the emission, of noxious flue gases are li¬ mited to a minimum. The apparatus according to the invention is distinguished in that a pressure chamber for the combus— tion air communicating with said air inlet opening is arran¬ ged around said burner pot, whereas in the wall of the burner pot series of relatively small holes communicating with said pressure chamber are arranged over eachother. So the combustion air can be supplied to the burner pot under pressure, whereas the relatively small holes are acting like air jets, providing an intensive mixture with the vaporising liquid fuel. Preferably a partly open baffle plate is ar¬ ranged in the burner pot in between the series of holes in order to obtain combustion regions over eachother. Possibly not burned gases in the lower regions are still able to mix with the combustion air injected into the upper regions. In order to ameliorate the injection of the regions in the top of the burner pot the diameter of the holes on either side of the baffle is diminishing in upwards direction, whilst never¬ theless the number of holes is increased. Therefore the amount of combustion air in the regions is almost equal, but the mixing is much stronger in upwards direction. 5 Preferably a blower is arranged in the air supply channel to the pressure chamber, so the apparatus is able to withdraw ambient air from outside the space to be ! i heated. In order to ameliorate the emission of heat 10 for heating of the space, the combustion, chamber is enve¬ loped by a housing provided with means for forced air trans¬ ports In order to guarantee a constant volume of fuel per time unit said fuel supply is attended by a fuel 15 pump, what is especially important in case of thick flowing fuel. In the event the apparatus is provided with a fuel tank arranged within the housing, the invention, further proposes to connect the " uel pump at the lower end of a riser 20 of the fue«l tube in the tank, so retaining the tank clear from the fuel supply system of the apparatus, the tank is therefore easily dis ountable and to be cleaned. In order to prevent a syphonning action, a branch tube returning to the tank is connected to that 25 part of the fuel -tube following upon the riser. Moreover there is obtained the advantage, in that when the fuel tube is jammed near the burner pot the fuel pump will feed the fuel back to the tank. According to a further feature of the inven- 30 tion the apparatus may be provided with a removable bottom- part of the combustion chamber in order to easily taking out and cleaning the burner-pan wherein residuals may be collec¬ ted. In the event the apparatus is provided with an 35 electric control circuit to control the different blowers and fuel pump, than the pump is, according to the invention, po¬ wered through a flame watching device and/or a maximum ther¬ mostat. This gives the advantage that should the flame drop down or should the temperature raise to high respectively, the pump is automatically switched off. In a further embodiment the blower for the forced air transport in the housing is powered through a li- rait thermostat the reset point will be at a lower temperature than that of the maximum thermostat. So when the fuel pump falls out the forced air transport around the combustion chamber is maintained, in order to cool off the chamber fast. To control precisely the fuel supply the rota- ry speed of the fuel pump is continuously controlled by an electronic circuit. The invention will be further elucidated in the detailed description of two embodiments. In the drawing is: . Fig. 1 a perspective view of an apparatus ac¬ cording to the invention, parts of the housing are broken away. Fig. 2 a perspective view of the burner pot used in.the apparatus of fig. 1, Fig. 3 and 4 each a side view of the apparatus provided with a pivotable and removable fuel supply tank. Fig. 5 a side view of a second embodiment of the apparatus. Fig. 6 a cross section along the line VI-VI in fig. 5, Fig. 7 a schematic view of the electric con¬ trol circuit used in the apparatus according to fig. 1. In the figure 1 the reference numeral 1 is related to the combustion chamber, which is of a substantial- ly cylindrical form, an inlet opening 2 for the combustion air, running into the cylinderwall, and an outlet opening 3 for the flue gases. At the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 a burner pot 4 is located, the outer wall 5 of which is placed at such a distance to the inner wall of the combustion cham¬ ber 1, that an annular pressure chamber 6 around the burner pot 4 is formed. The pressure chamber 6 is limited at the bottom and 'top side by flanges 7, 8. he inlet opening 2 com- municates with the pressure chamber 4, whereas in front of the inlet opening 2 a blower 9 is placed. The wall 5 of the burner pot 4, which is shown in detail in figure 2, is provided with series of holes 10, arranged over eachother, which holes having a small diameter related to the dimensions of the burner pot 4. In the burner pot a baffle plate 11 is arranged, which baffle plate is pro¬ vided with a central through-let opening 12, and a serie of apertures 13 around said central opening 12. The height of the baffle plate 11 in the burner pot 4 is such that only the two lower series of holes 10 are located below the baffle plate 11. The diameter of the holes in the two series above the baffle plate is smaller than that of. the holes in the lower series-. '" The whole combustion chamber is enveloped in a housing 14, which housing has a rectangular form, whilst it is provided with a screen 15 in the two opposite side walls and backwall. underneath the top wall a second blower 16 is arranged, which will cause a forced air transport from the top downwards along the combustion chamber 1 unto the side walls, which transported air is heated by the wall of the combustion chamber. In the housing 14 is provided a spacing at the front side, in which a tank 17 is taken up, which tank is forwardly turnable on studs 17, see also fig. 3. The top side of the rectangular tank 17 is fully open, so the fuel can easily be poured in the tank. In the tank is located a pump 18, for instance a gear pump, which pump sucks the fuel through a strainer 19, covered at the top side and forces . the fuel through a riser 20 unto the fuel supply tube 21. The fuel supply tube leads to the bottom of the burner pot 5. In the fuel supply tube is taken up a branch tube 22, which leads to the top side of the tank 17. The pump 18 is driven through a driving shaft 23 and a gearing 24 by a motor 25. The whole fuel-suppiy-system, comprising a motor 25, the pump 9 and the tubes are completely free from the fuel tank 17, in order to be able to remove the fuel tank 17. out of the housing 1 ' 4, for instance to pulling out the studs 27. According the manner showed in figure 4, the tank may be lowered and removed, whereupon the tank may be cleaned easily. The mounting of the tank will take place in a reverse way. A flame-guarding device 26 is taken up in the electric control system for the various blowers and pump, what will be further elucidated with reference to the ' elec- trical diagram of figure 5. The flame-guarding device 26 is directed to the burner pot 4 and will switch off the fuel supply as soon as the flame drops down- The combustion will be processed as followsr On turning the pump 13 the fuel will be forced into the burner pot through the tube 21. The fuel vaporises there and combustion air is lead from the pressure " chamber 6 through the series of holes 10 into the burner pot 4 by means of the blower 9. After an intensive mixing there will be for¬ med a burnable mixture, in the first burner region below the baffle plate 11 , whereupon the burned and partly unburned flue gases are coming through the central opening 12 and ho¬ les 13 respectively in the second burning region of the bur¬ ner pot 4. Here an additional mixing will take place by means of the jetted air streams through the upper series of holes TO, whereas the burning will further take place in the com¬ bustion chamber, whereupon the flue gases will disappear through the opening 3 out of the apparatus. The blower 16 causes a forced air transport around the combustion chamber 1 , whereby the ambient air can be heated and blown through the side screens 15 into the space. Making reference to fig. 5 and 6 the embodi¬ ment shown therein is substantially similar to the embodiment discribed above, and the same parts are quoted with the same reference numbers. The said second embodiment is provided with a heat exchanger 40 extending in parallel relationship to and beside the combustion chamber 1 within the housing 14. The blower 16 for forced air transport through the housing 14 is located here at the side of the exchanger 40 remote from the combustion chamber 1 , so forced ambient air between the lids 41 of the exchanger unto the combustion chamber 1, see arrow P3. The limit thermostat controlling said blower 16 is taken up in the flue gas collector 42 downstreams the lids. The exchanger is connected with the combustion chamber 1 by a throughlet 43 near the burner pot 4. The throughlet 43 is covered by a' eflecting plate 44 rising into the combus¬ tion chamber forcing the flue gases to flow up and downwards in said chamber- The bottompart 45 of the combustion chamber is supported on a rocking arm 46, pivotable at 47, whereas the free end of said arm 46 carries a foot-pedal 48, protu- ding outside the front side of the housing- The pivot 47 is arranged on a slide structure 49 allowing to bring out the bottompart 45 by raising the foot pedal, lowering said bot¬ tom part and pulling out the slide structure. The burner pan 50 so supported upon the bottom part can be easily removed and cleaned so. The apparatus is electrically protected by means of the diagram according to figure 7. In the diagram the same parts of the apparatus are quoted with the same reference numerals. The motor of the blower 16 is powered by the main line through a limit thermostat 13, which switches on the power as soon as the temperature is raisen sufficiently enough. The motor of the blower 9 for the combustion air is also directly connected to the main line. The main switch 31 leads to a switchblock 32, in which the flame-guarding device 26 is taken up. Through said switchblock 32 the motor 25 for the fuel pump 18 is po¬ wered. In the supply line 33 of the motor 25 is embodied a maximum thermostat 34, which will switch off the power for the motor 25 at a presetted maximum temperature. Overheating of the combustion chamber 1 is prevented so. The control of the motor 25 will further take place through an electronic circuit 35, substantially comprising a diode and a triode system 36, which is controlled by variable resistors 37, such that the. rotational speed of the motor 25 is continuously variable. In a manner known in the art, the various resistors and capicitors in the electronic control circuit 25 ensure its correct working. The reference number 38 is related to a pilot lamp of the motor 25, whilst also here a pair of capicitors ensure an inference free working. The safety of the apparatus is ensured by setting the resistances such that at a certain temperature the pump motor 25 is switched off earlier than the motor of the blower 16. i~o the fuel- supply will be stop- ped earlier, before the motor of the blower 16 is switched off, whilst the motor of the blower 9 is permanently in ope¬ ration. As soon as the flame drops down, the supply of the fuel will be stopped by means of the lame-guar ing de- vice 26, which will stop the motor 25. Finally it is to be mentioned that when the tube 21 near the burner pot 4 is obstructed the supplied fuel will flow bac to the tank through the return tube 22. Fur¬ ther, when the motor 22 is stopped, and so the fuel supply is stopped, a syphon action is prevented owing to the return tube. The invention is not limited to the above des¬ cribed embodiment.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. An apparatus for space heating, in particu¬ lar suitable for burning all kinds of liquid hydrocarbons, and moreover suitable for, heavy liquid fuels of high visco¬ sity, said device mainly comprising a combustion chamber ha— ving an inlet opening for air and a flue gass outlet opening, a burner pot arranged at the bottom of the combustion cham¬ bers a fuel supply tub leading from a fuel tank into said burner pot, characterized in that a pressure chamber for the combustion air communicating with said air supply opening is arranged around said burner pot, whereas in the wall of said burner pot series of relatively small holes communicating with said pressure chamber are arranged over eachother. 2. A device according to claim 1, characteri¬ zed in that in between said series of holes at least one, partly open baffle is arranged in the burner pot in order to obtain combustion regions above eachother. 3. An apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the diameter of the holes on either side of said baffle is diminishing in upwards direction. 4. An apparatus according to claim 1-3, characterized by a blower in the air supply channel to the pressure chamber. 5. An apparatus according to one of the pre¬ ceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber is enveloped by a housing provided with means for forced air transport. 6. An apparatus according to one- of the pre¬ ceding claims, characterized in that the fuel supply tube is connected to a fuel supply pump. 7. An apparatus according to claims 5 and 6 provided with a fuel tank taken up in the housing, characte¬ rized in that the fuel pump is arranged at. the lower end of a riser of the fuel .tube in the tank. y^ 8. An apparatus according to claim 7, charac¬ terized in that, a branch tube leading to the tank is connec¬ ted to a part of the fuel tube following the riser. 9. An apparatus according to one of the pre- ceding claims, provided with an electric control circuit for controlling the various blowers and fuel pump, characterized in that the pump is powered through a flame-guarding device and/or a maximum thermostat.- 10. An apparatus according to claim 9, charac- terized in that the blower for forced air transport in the housing is powered through a limit thermostat having a switch point at a lower temperature than that o.f the maximum thermo¬ stat. • 11. An apparatus according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that the rotational speed of the pump and whereby the fuel supply is controlled by means of an electronic continuously variable circuit. 12. An apparatus according to one of the pre¬ ceding claims, characterized in that the tank is turnably arranged in the housing. 13. An apparatus according to claim 12, charac¬ terized in that the tank is removable from the housing. 14. An apparatus according to one of the prece¬ ding claims 1-13 characterized in that an heat exchanger is arranged beside the combustion chamber within the housing, and in that said means for forced air transport are located at the side of said exchanger remote from said combustion chamber. 15. An apparatus according to claim 14, charac— terized in that in the combustion chamber a standing deflec¬ ting member is arranged in front of the through-let to said exchanger. 16. An apparatus according to claim 14 and/or 15 chara'cterized in that said limit thermostat is located in the flue gas channel downstreams the exchanger. 17. An apparatus for space heating, in particu¬ lar suitable for burning all kinds of liquid hydrocarbons, 'BUREA O.MPI and moreover suitable for heavy liq.uid fuels of high visco¬ sity, said device mainly comprising a combustion chamber ha¬ ving an inlet opening for air and a flue gas outlet opening, a burner pot arranged at the bottom of the combustion cham- ber, a fuel supply tube leading from a fuel tank into said burner pot, characterized in that the bottom part of the com¬ bustion chamber is removable. j 18- An apparatus according to claim 17, cha¬ racterized in that said bottom part is supported on an up and down movable member removable from said housing. 19. An apparatus according to claim 18, cha¬ racterized in that said member is arranged on a slide struc¬ ture forming part of the housing.

Inventors: DEKKERS ANTONIUS PETRUS
Applicants: DEKKERS ANTONIUS PETRUS, KONGSKILDE KONCERNSELSKAB AS, KONGSKILDE KONCERNSELSK AB
Application year: 1982
Main classification: F23D5
IPC codes: F23D5