SPLICE FOR YARNS

Abstract: The invention concerns a splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, which is obtained by coupling tracts of single yarns by winding after having untwisted beforehand at least said tracts of single yarns, whereby the splice comprises, in at least one tract of the joint (22), a number of twists in the coupled yarn which is advantageously greater than the number of twists comprised in the single yarns (221-220) in the same tract, and whereby the splice is characterized by having a reciprocal centripetal thrust as between the yarns (221-220) owing to an induced lengthwise shrinkage, and whereby in at least one tract of the splice (22) the single yarns (220-221) comprise a band of support and mutual cooperation having a desired width.

Description: Description of the invention entitled: "SPLICE FOR YARNS" in the name of OFFICINE SAVIO SPA at Pordenone This invention concerns a new kind of splice for yarns, whether they be textile yarns or not. Splices made between textile yarns by fisherman's knots, weaver's knots or other kinds of knots are known. Splices between yarns are also known which are made with adhesives or with ties by winding the yarn or an outer tape. Splices are also known which are made by intertwining and entangling the fibres of two yarns by blowing air or by means of electrostatic fields. The known splices entail drawbacks as regards their dynamometric properties and the ability to employ the spliced yarn in usage means downstream and also as regards the general characteristics of the joint, Splices are also known which are made by untwisting the individual yarns, uniting them and retwisting together the tracts of the yarns to be spliced. The feature of said joints is the coupling of two yarns by twisting them together after having brought them beforehand to the condition of almost parallel fibres before coupling them. These splices too entail unsatisfactory mechanical le. properties since the fibres of the original yarns do not cooperate with each other except to a small extent and in an indequate way. This leads to unsatisfactory strengths, inadequate ability to repeat the joints, imperfect end zones and an unsatisfactory strength of the splice in the long term. Attempts have been made to improve such joints by opening out and ruffling the fibres when the latter are substantially parallel; this has been done with mechanical and/or pneumatic means, but appreciable results or, at any rate, results of a satisfactory level have not been obtained. For instance, the known splices made with a jet or jets of air have their fibres bunched together and matted. Furthermore, the spliced tract is stiffened thereby with a resulting loss of elasticity and even with considerable problems for the usage means downstream, particularly as regards dyeing work and warping operations besides other processes thereafter. Our present invention proposes a splice for yarns, whether textile yarns or not, which not only has outstanding aesthetic features but also possesses important mechanical, technological and elastic properties and a long life. The invention also proposes joints which are not only homogeneous but are also able to meet the requirements of various usage means thereafter. Indeed it is possible for said splices to be made individually suitable for the particular type of usage means by comprising intermediate and transition lengthwise sections of a type and form selected as desired. The splice can include tail ends obtained by tearing or extraction or cutting, so that the tail ends themselves can be sheared or chopped, or be reduced or progressive. The splice also comprises component yarns which tend to shrink lengthwise as a centripetal reciprocal thrust of one yarn in respect of the other yarn takes place. According to the invention the various kinds of joint may have a joint diameter which varies between 0.8 and 1.8 times the diameter of the single yarn. The joint can also have coils with a winding inclination of the coupled yarns of a desired type, for said inclination may be constant, variable or mixed, as desired and depending on the properties required. The progression of the slope of the winding spirals may also begin at the middle of the joint and move towards the ends thereof. This enables possible requirements of elasticity and/or strength differentiated outwards from the middle to the periphery of the joint to be met, depending on the needs of the usage means thereafter. According to the invention a splice made in this way is, in itself, so stable that the tail ends or part thereof can be left substantially free. According to the invention the remaining tail ends are wound advantageously on the single connected yarns. It is also possible for at least part of the joint to comprise a mutual penetration of the fibres. The invention is therefore embodied in a splice made between yarns, whether textile yarns or not, by the coupling of individual yarns by means of winding after said individual yarns have been untwisted, said splice being characterized by comprising, in at least one tract, a number of twists in the coupled yarn which is helpfully greater than the number of twists in the individual yarns in the same tract, and by comprising a reciprocal centripetal thrust due to an induced lengthwise shrinkage. Let us now look at the invention with the help of the tables, which have been attached merely as an illustrative example. The tables have the following: Fig.1 shows a splice according to the invention; Fig.2a shows a first variant of the splice of Fig.1; Fig.2b shows another variant of the splice of Fig.1; Fig.3 shows two conditions of the spliced yarns respectively; Fig.4 shows the binding effect of the fly fibres; Fig.5 shows a variant of the splice of Fig.1 with cut or torn tail ends which are free; Fig.6 shows a variant of the splice of Fig.1 with cut or torn tail ends which are wound up fully; Figs.7 and 8 show two possible arrangements of the yarns in the splice. In the figures the same parts or parts having the same functions bear the same reference numbers. A splice 22 as in Fig.5 with the tail ends 120 and/or 121 free (cut or torn, as in the example shown, or opened out) is stable enough and can be employed without any worries for given operations thereafter. If steps are taken to wind (Fig.6) the tail ends 120 and/or 121 respectively onto the yarns 21 and 20, a still stronger joint is obtained. Said winding of the tails 120 and 121 is performed with the same device as that which arranges to make the splice 22, or with other suitable means. In the splice of the invention the end points 124 of the fly fibres 24 (Fig.4) can be anchored in and with other fibres, thereby creating better anchorage and intertwining of the individual yarns 20-21 both as between the two individual yarns and also as between one coil and another of the same yarn by passing the fibres over the intermediate coil of the other yarn. This anchorage is further improved by a preferential orientation given to the fly fibres 24 themselves. Said orientation is advantageously, but not necessarily, directed towards the end 23 of the splice 22 from the middle of the splice. When progressive untwisted tail ends are present (Figs.1, 2 and 4), the tail ends 120-121 are advantageously wound tightly onto the other single yarn, 21 and 20 respectively, so that the last coils wound become protected by the protrusion of the face 25 of the single yarn onto which they are wound. Fig.4 shows this condition for instructional purposes, together with the bond created by the fly fibres 24. In said Fig.4 can be seen the face 25 of the coils of yarn 21 deeply furrowed by the coils of the tail end 120, so that said coils of the tail end 120 are contained within the outer edge 25 of the yarn 21. According to the invention it is possible to have different kinds of splices with different properties. Figs.1, 2, 7 and 8 show some types of splices. The splice of Fig.1 is made without any thickening and compressive action; moreover, the tail ends 120-121 are pulled open, that is, progressive, and their end zone is wound progressively on the anchored yarn 21-20. Under such conditions the joint 22 consists essentially of three zones, respectively a middle zone 26 with an almost constant development of the coils, a transition zone 27 wherein the coils change their slope progressively while the diameter of the joint is progressively lessened, and a zone 23 for the binding of the tails wherein the slope of the coils varies more quickly than in the zone 26. This kind of splice may have in the zone 26 a maximum diameter varying between 1.25 and 1.8 times the diameter of the single yarn; in the zone 23 instead the maximum diameter may vary between 0.8 and 1.10 times the diameter of the single yarn. The splices of Figs.2 show a compressive and thickening effect produced during their formation. In the case of Fig.2a (the fly fibres 24 are purposely not shown for reasons of clarity) there are still three zones, but zone 26 will take up a proportionately greater length. This kind of joint may have a maximum diameter about 1.05 to 1.25 times the diameter of the single yarn in zone 26, whereas in zone 23 the diameter will be between 0.8 and 1.25 times the diameter of the single yarn. Instead, Fig.2b shows the case wherein the tail ends are about as long as the splice itself (as an example we have assumed the case of fibres spread out evenly in the tail ends). In such a case the joint 22 still has a zone 27 for the splicing of the tail ends, but zone 26 is substantially lacking, whereas the transition zone 27 in practice covers the zone 23 as well. It can be seen in said figure that in practice a splice is made in that case with a reciprocal progressive development in both directions. Such a type of splice has a diameter between 0.8 and 1.25 times the average diameter of the single yarn, and said diameter may vary substantially within said limits along the axis of the joint. By varying the length of the tail ends and varying the operating conditions while the joint is made, it is possible to obtain different splices, which may be a combination of the joint of Fig.2a and the joint of Fig.2b, or a combination of said two joints and the joint of Fig.1. Fig.3 shows two final conditions of the single yarns with the splice made (middle tract 26), the splice having undergone compression and thickening (position B) and not having undergone that auxiliary action (position A) respectively. Fig.3 shows the bonding effect created by such auxiliary compressive and thickening action, which broadens the band of support and mutual cooperation between the two yarns 2021. Figs.7 and 8 are examples of two further kinds of joints having different characteristics which could be produced on the joints of Figs.1 and 2a. The tails 120-121 are shown but bear no relation to specific cases and are merely illustrative. In Fig.7 the farther the coils are located from the middle of the splice towards the ends thereof, the more they tend progressively to take up a disposition at right angles to the axis of the single yarn. Instead, in Fig.8 the coils are oriented more at right angles to the axis of the splice near the middle of the splice and then change progressively until they reach the edge of the splice with an accentuated slope. We have described the invention here according to preferential embodiments shown as examples, but variants, integrations and additions can be embodied by a person skilled in this field, with the use also of mechanical equivalents, without departing thereby from the scope of the idea of the solution. INDEX A splice without compression or thickening B splice with compression and thickening 20 single yarn 120 tail end of single yarn 220 single yarn in tract of the splice 21 single yarn 121 tail end of single yarn 221 single yarn in tract of the splice 22 splice or tract of coupling of the single yarns 23 zone of splicing the tail ends 24 fly fibres 124 end of fly fibres 25 face of the splice (outer profile) 26 middle zone of splice 27 transition zone PRIOR ART US 2,515,172 in the name of Abbott Machine Company US 2,605,603 in the name of Plymouth Cordage Company US 3,379,002 in the name of Spunize Company of America Inc. US 3,633,352 in the name of Thomas E. Marriner US 4,240,247 in the name of Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha GB 661,697 in the name of Abbott Machine Company BE 889,501 in the name of ZELLWEGER USTER S.A. BE 889,502 in the name of ZELLWEGER USTER S.A. BE 889,503 in the name of ZELLWEGER USTER S.A.

Claims: CLAIMS 1) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, which is obtained by coupling tracts of single yarns by means of winding after having untwisted beforehand said tracts of single yarns and is characterized by comprising, at least in one tract of the splice (22), a number of twists of the coupled yarn which is advantageously greater than the number of twists included in the single yarns (221-220) in the same tract, and is also characterized by having a reciprocal centripetal thrust as between the two yarns (221-220) owing to an induced lengthwise shrinkage. 2) Splice for yarns. whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1, characterized by the fact that in at least one tract of the splice (22) the single yarns (220-221) have a band of support and mutual cooperation of a desired width (Fig.3). 3) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that at least one tract (26) of the splice (22) comprises coils of single yarns (220-221) having a substantially constant slope. 4) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that at least one tract (27) of the splice (22) comprises coils of the single yarns (220-221) having a variable slope. 5) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claims 1 or 2 and 4, characterized by the fact that the tract (27) of the splice (22) having coils with a variable slope is contained between the middle zone (26) and the end zone (23) of the splice (Figs.1 and 2a). 6) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claims 1 or 2 and 4, characterized by the fact that the tract (27) of the splice (22) having coils with a variable f slope comprises the whole splice (Fig.2b). k I 7) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claims 1 or 2 and 4, characterized by the facts that the tract (27) of the splice (22) having coils with a variable slope comprises at least part of the splice, and that the slope varies substantially according to the same law in the opposed parts in respect of the middle of said splice (Figs.7 and 8). 8) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 and in or or another of the Claims thereafter, characterized by the fact that the tail ends (120-121) are free (Fig.5). 9) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 or in one or another of the Claims thereafter up to Claim 7 inclusive, characterized by the fact that the tail ends (120-121) are wound onto the single spliced yarn (2120). 10) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 or in one or another of the Claims thereafter, characterized by the fact that the tail ends (120-121) are chopped (Figs.5 and 6) 11) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 or in one or another of the Claims thereafter up to Claim 9 inclusive, characterized by the fact that the tail ends (120-121) diminish (Figs.1 and 2). 12) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 11, characterized by the fact that the end part of the tail ends (120-121) is wound in a position protected by the face (25) of the single yarns (21-20) - (Fig.4). 13) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1, and in one or another of the Claims thereafter up to Claim 12 inclusive, characterized by the fact that the splice (22) has an average intermediate diameter (zone 26) between 1.25 and 1.8 times the diameter of the single yarns (20-21) - (Fig.1 ). 14) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1, and in one or another of the Claims thereafter, characterized by the fact that the diameter in the zone (23) where the tail ends (120-121) are spliced may vary from 0.8 to 1.25 times the diameter of the single yarns (20-21) (Figs.1-2a). 15) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 and in one or another of the Claims thereafter up to Claim 12 inclusive, characterized by the fact that the splice (22) has an average intermediate diameter (zone26) between 1.05 and 1.25 times the diameter of the single yarns (20-21) - (Fig.2a). 16) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 and in one or another of the Claims thereafter up to Claim 12 inclusive, characterized by having an average intermediate diameter (zone 27) between 0.8 and 1.10 times the diameter of the single yarns (20-21) - (Fig.2b). 17) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise, as in Claim 1 and in one or another of the Claims thereafter, characterized by the fact that the fly fibres (24) protruding from at least the middle tract (26) of the splice (22) are mainly free. 18) Splice for yarns, whether textile or otherwise,as in Claim 1 and in one or another of the Claims thereafter up to Claim 16 inclusive, characterized by the fact that the greater part of the fly fibres (24) possess characteristics of slithering towards at least one end of the splice and of anchoring themselves to the fibres of the single yarns (20-21) - (Fig.4). p

Inventors: BADIALI, ROBERTO, BERTOLI, LUCIANO, SPERANZIN, CLAUDIO
Applicants: OFFICINE SAVIO S.P.A.
Application year: 1982
Main classification: B65H69
IPC codes: B65H69