APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF GLOBULAR PARTICLES OF UNIFORM SHAPE

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of particles of uniform shape comprising at least one capillary (4), each capillary being provided with inlet means (2, 3) for solutions and with an outlet (5) for pouring out the sol obtained by mixing the said solutions, the distance between the said outlet (5) and the inlet means (2, 3) next to the said outlet being 5-20 times the inner diameter of the said capillary (4).

Description: APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF GLOBULAR PARTICLES OF UNIFORM SHAPE The invention relates to an apparatus for the production of particles of uniform shape. More in particular, the invention relates to the preparation of globular particles having a high bulk crushing strength and water resistivity. Examples of such globular particles are silica particles, which can be applied on a large scale in several processes of the oil and petrochemical industry, for example as catalysts, catalyst carriers, absorbents, drying agents and ion exchangers, etc. In many applications globular particles having uniform shape with a high bulk crushing strength are preferred. Several ways of preparing such particles are known, for example the well-known sol-gel-method. According to this method a silica hydrosol is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate with an acid in a capillary mounted in any suitable way at the top of a column. The hydrosol thus obtained is converted into droplet-form and the droplets are gelled in a liquid, which is not miscible with water. An example of such a liquid is oil. One of the large problems of the known devices was to achieve proper mixing of the two feed streams in the capillary, because incorrect mixing of the streams will produce inhomogeneous spheres which are mechanically weak, stick to the column wall and entrain oil. It is an object of the invention to provide a device, which is very suitable to produce spheres, in particular silica spheres, of uniform shape. Another object of the invention is providing spheres having a high mechanical strength and high pore volume. The apparatus of the invention therefore is characterized by at least one capillary, each capillary being provided with inlet means for solutions and with an outlet for pouring out the sol obtained by mixing the said solutions, the distance between the said outlet and the inlet means next t the said outlet being 5-20 times the inner diameter of the said capillary. The invention will nov be described by way of example in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 represents schematically a cross-section of an example of the apparatus of the invention, said apparatus being adapted for the preparation of globular particles. Fig. 2 represents schematically a cross-section of another example of an apparatus for preparation of particles according to the invention. Fig. 3 represents schematically a cross-section of still another example of an apparatus for preparation of particles according to the invention. With reference now to fig. 1 a housing 1 has been represented, comprising inlet means 2 and 3, for supply solutions such as, for example, acid and silicate respectively. The supply solutions are fed to the inlet means 2 and 3 through supply means 2a and 3a, respectively. Said supply means are connected to the inlet means 2 and 3 by any suitable means such as couplings 2b and 3b. Said inlet means are connected in any way suitable for the purpose to a capillary 4, constituting a mixing channel 4a, the outlet or nozzle 5 of which ends in a tube 6. The tube 6 consists of any material suitable for the purpose and is a part of a column of the set-up for preparation of particles (not shown, since known per se). Through the inlet 7 of the capillary 4 a needle 8 can be moved to the outlet 5. The said needle serves as a cleaning rod for the mixing channel 4a and can be moved in any way suitable for the purpose (not shown in detail). It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the said needle is not an essential part of the apparatus according to the invention. The distance between the outlet 5 of the channel 4a and the inlet means 3 next tn the said outlet 5 is 5-20 times the inner diameter of the channel. The two solutions are mixed in the mixing channel 4a which gives a hydrosol. The said sol is poured out in a cocurrent stream 9 of a fluid, which is not miscible with water, for example oil. The said fluid serves as a driving fluid to entrain the obtained sol. In this example the oil flows from a supply means 9a through a channel 9, which has been provided in the housing 1. The supply means 9a is connected by any suitable means to the housing 1. In this way the. sol which is prepared in the mixing channel 4a is converted into droplets. These droplets are gelling subsequently. The sol and the driving fluid should flow under laminar conditions. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the conversion of the sol into droplets can be improved by applying a vibration to the capillary h or a pulsation in the flow of at least one of the supply solutions. These embodiments will be described further in more detail with reference to figs. 2 and 3. The said vibration at a certain frequency and amplitude gives a regular drop formation by breaking up the liquid jets. The drops solidify during settling in the oil phase. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the distance between the outlet 5 of the capillary 4 and the inlet means 3 next to the said outlet is 10-15 times the inner diameter of the capillary. The diameter of the capillaries may vary from 1-6 mm. The pulsation is 10-300 Hz. According a further advantageous embodiment the diameter of the capillaries is 3 mm and the pulsation is 20-200 Hz. In this way spheres having a diameter in the range of 2-7 mm could be obtained. It appeared that with a length within the limits above and cleaning the capillaries with needles one time in a period of 1-10 min continuous operation was possible. With reference now to fig. 2 a transversally vibrating nozzle tip immersed in an oil column 11 has been represented schematically. The nozzle 10a is the outlet of a mixing capillary 10 which is provided with feed inlet means 13 and 14, respectively, and is mounted at the top of the column 11 at any suitable way and can be vibrated transversally at suitable frequencies, for example, up to 35 Hz by means of any suitable vibrating system (15, 15a, 16). Such a system may, for example, comprise a coupling rod 15a and an adjustable eccentric 16. Such systems as such are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail. The solutions through the inlet means 13 and 14 are fed from storage vessels (not shown) and metered via suitable devices such as calibrated rotameters and flow controllers such as. needle valves (not shown). The nozzle tip 10a can be flushed with a suitable medium such as demineralized water to prevent blocking with gel when the process is stopped. The formation of drops at the nozzle tip could be observed by any means suitable for the purpose, known per se to those skilled in the art. An example of such a means is stroboscopic light (not shown). In this example the oil supply has not been represented. The obtained particles are received in a product receiver (not shown). Further suitable equipment such as circulation pumps, oil-fluid separators, etc. have not been shown for the sake of clarity. This equipment is known to those skilled in the art. In fig. 3 a set-up provided with a static capillary and pulsation or longitudinal vibration via one of the supply solutions has been represented schematically. The nozzle 17 is the outlet of the mixing channel 17a for the solutions. The solutions are fed to the said channel through supply lines 23 and 24. The nozzle 17 is mounted in a transparent tube 18 through which cocurrently oil can be pumped through the line 22 from a suitable supply (not shown). The nozzle 17 is connected to a membrane 19 by any means suitable for the purpose. The membrane 19 is inserted in the supply line 23. The said supply line 23 originates from a storage vessel (not shown). The membrane may be moved longi tudinally by a suitable electro-magnetic vibrator. The said vibrator 20 may be controlled by a suitable amplitude and frequency control unit 21. It will be appreciated that any vibration system suitable for the purpose may be used, for example, electro-mechanical or purely mechanical systems. Further the storage vessels may be pressurized with any suitable medium. It will also be clear that any number of capillsries suitable for the purose may be used. It will be clear for those skilled in the art that every mixing ratio of the feed compositions suitable for'the purpose may be used. It will be appreciated that aqueous solutions may be used as supply solutions. However, our invention is not restricted to the use of aqueous solutions. Any suitable solution for the purpose may be used. Further it will be clear that the angle between inlet means and capilllary is not necessarily 9OF . Various modifications of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An apparatus for the production of particles of uniform shape, characterized by at least one capillary, each capillary being provided with inlet means for solutions and with an outlet for pouring out the sol obtained by mixing the said solutions, the distance between the said outlet and the inlet means next to the said outlet being 5-20 times the inner diameter of the said capillary. 2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized by means for vibrating the said capillary. 3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized by a transversally vibrating system. 4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized by means for pulsation of the flow of at least one of the solutions. 5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or 4, characterized by a longitudinally vibrating system. 6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized by a static capillary. 7. The apparatus a,s claimed in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the said distance is 10-15 times the inner diameter of the said capillary. 8. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, characterized by a capillary having a diameter of 1-6 mm. 9. The apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that the pulsations are in the range of 10-300 Hz. 10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that pulsations of 20-230 Hz are present.

Inventors: BUURMAN, CORNELIS, GRONDMAN, ALEXANDER, VAN DER MOST, MENNO
Applicants: SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V.
Application year: 1982
Main classification: B01J2
IPC codes: B01J2, B01J37, C01B33