PRODUCTION OF BLOCKS, BRICKS AND TILES

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermally insulated building block (54a) comprises foaming a quantity of foamable plastics material in an enclosed space (56) between a building block (54) and a closure means (52), the quantity of material being sufficient to fill the enclosed space (56). The foamable material may be injected into a cavity in the block onto an outer surface of the block (54) or onto the closure means (52) prior to locating the block (54) and closure means (52) relative to each other to form the enclosed space (56) therebetween. The block (54) is transported between upper and lower parallel endless belts (55, 50) during foaming and either belt (55, 50) may provide the closure means (52). If the lower belt (50) provides the closure means (52) the upper belt (55) maintains the block (54) in contact with the closure means (52) during foaming.

Description: (PCT13946) - 1 - (26.3.82) PRODUCTION 07 BLOCKS BRICKS Aff TILBS TECHNICAL FIELD ' OF TEE IKVE TIOK This invention relates to the production of " blocks bricks and tiles such as are used in the construction industry, and in particular to such blocks or the like having good thermal insulation properties by virtue of thermally insulating material being incorporated therein. STATE OF THE ART Building blocks and the like of this type, hereinafter referred to generally as blocks, are used wall construction for example to form one or both walls of a cavity wall. In order to improve the thermal insulation properties of such blocks it is known to provide, as an alternative to simply increasing their thickness, a cavity or cavities in the block which may be filled with a material such as a foamed plastics material, rock wool or the like insulating material. However the filling of the cavities with previously foamed material or material such as rock wool is a time consuming operation, thus adding to the production costs. Also such materials are not secured to the material of the block and as a consequence tend to be omitted from an open sided cavity such as occurs in the case of a block cut to fit in a space which is smaller than will accommodate a full-size block. To overcome the former problem foamable plastics material may be injected into (I P (FCTΪ3946) - 2 - (26.3.82) the cavity or cavities in the block and allowed to foam in situ. Eowever the foaming of the material produces a domed surface at the open end of the cavity, and in order to provide that the foam material extends to the extremities of the cavity a considerable excess of material must be injected and the subsequently protruding domed portion must be cut off in order that the blocks may be stacked or used for building purposes. This process is wasteful of the plastics material and requires that the block must stand for an appreciable period of time after the foaming step before the foamed material is in a suitable condition for cutting. As a consequence the cost of block production by this method is increased unduly. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of producing a block of the abovementioned type which is not subject to the foregoing disadvantages. Another disadvantage of blocks of the abovementioned type is that there is an appreciable loss of thermal insulation in the regions of the block which form the walls of the cavities and provide a thermal path through the block. In order to overcome this problem many elaborate arrangements of cavities within such blocks have been proposed, such arrangements providing that the thermal path through the block is tortuous and relatively long by comparison with the thickness of the block in order to reduce the heat trans erence there¬ through. Eowever such blocks are difficult to produce, and therefore costly, and do not overcome the problem to an acceptable extent. It is an object cf the invention to provide a building block in which the above problem is overcome or at least substantially reduced. As an alternative to the use of the insulated blocks described above, it is known to fill the cavity between, the inner and outer -walls of the cavity wall (PCT13946) - 3 - (26.3.82) construction with a foamed plastics material. Eowever, the foamed material forms a bridge between the inner and outer walls and can lead to condensation or water ingress problems in certain circumstances. In consequence, alternative methods of construction of a thermally insulated cavity wall have been sought. One alternative which has been proposed is that of placing in the cavity between the inner and outer wall a sheet of thermally insulating material and securing such sheet to the inner wall during building. However, such a solution has not been readily accepted by builders since it is time consuming. Furthermore, the sheet can become deta-ched from the inner wall after a period of time and can then form a bridge between the inner and outer walls so that water ingress problems can result. It is also known to secure to the inner surface of the inner wall a sheet of thermally insulating material, but this is usually done, if at all, by the owner or occupier of the property and not by the builder, since it may not be desirable in all cases depending upon the nature of the property, any fixtures or fittings to be secured to the wall, the type of wall covering if any to be applied to the wall by the owner or occupier or for other reasons. Hence, in most cases thermal insulation of this type is not provided at all. DISCLOSURE 0? TEE IN7EHTI0N. The invention provides a method of manufacturing a thermally insulated building block comprising the steps of locating a closure means and a building block relative to each other to provide an enclosed space containing a predetermined quantits * - of a foamable plastics material, allowing said foamable material to foam within said enclosed space and then separating said closure member and the thus formed thermally insulated block, said predetermined quantity being L (26.3.82) sufficient for said plastics material to fill said enclosed space when foamed. The building block may comprise at least one cavity therein, in which case the foamable plastic's material may be injected into the or each cavity prior to location of the closure member relative to the block. In this case when foaming of the plastics materials occurs it will expand until it contacts the closure member and subsequently be forced to fill the cavity or cavities instead of forming a domed unsupported surface. By this means the considerable excess of plastics material and the cutting step of the previously described process are not required. Alternatively the enclosed space may be defined by an outer surface of the block and the closure member. In this case the plastics material will be secured to that outer surface of the block so as to form a laminate therewith. By this means the problem of a thermal path extending between the opposed sides of the insulated block is overcome. Due to the pressure exerted within the enclosed space during foaming the plastics material is forced into the generally pitted surface of the building block, thus forming an excellent mechanical key between the insulating material and the block. The invention also provides a thermally insulated building block comprising a building block having bonded thereto on one face thereof a block- of foamed plastics material. Preferably the foamed plastics material is bonded to the building block by means of a physical bond formed by foaming said plastics material in an enclosed space formed by said one face and a closure member. The one face may be the wall of a cavity i said block or may be an outer surface of the block. In the latter case the bonding may be by means of an adhesive alternatively or in addition tc the physical bond. — (26.3.82) The invention also provides apparatus for use in the manufacture of a thermally insulated building block comprising means or supplying a predetermined quantity of a foamable plastics material, a closure means, means for locating said closure means and a building block' relative to each other to provide an enclosed space containing said quantity of plastics material, means maintaining said closure means and said block in said relative location whilst said plastics material is foamed, said predetermined quantity being sufficient for said plastics material to fill said enclosed space when foamed, and means for separating said closure member and the thus formed thermally insulated block. The apparatus may comprise convej'-or means for supporting the block during the foaming step. The apparatus may also comprise an endless belt and said endless belt may comprise the closure means. Alter¬ natively said endless belt may comprise said means maintaining the closure means and the block in said relative location whilst the plastics material is foamed and said conveyor means comprise said closure means. BRIE? DESCRIPTION OF TEE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a block having cavities therein filled by the prior art method; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the block of Fig. 1 being filled by a method in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation cf a block having a block of foamed material bonded to an cuter face; Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus for use in filling the block as shown in ' Fig. 2; - (26.3.82) Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus for use in forming the block of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of an alternative form of closure means in the apparatus of Fig. 5; and Figs. 7 to 10 are illustrations corresponding with Fig. 5 of alternative embodiments of apparatus for use in forming the block of Fig. 3, with Figs. 7a to 10a being respective end views thereof. BEST 0D3 OF CARRYING * OUT THE INVENTION Referring now to Fig. 1 there is shown a block 10 having cavities 11, 12 filled with foamed plastics insulating material 13 * oy the previously known method. In the left hand cavity 11 just sufficient foamable material has been injected as would fill the cavity 11 when foamed. However the material 13 rises during foaming to form a domed unsupported surface 14 so that, whilst the uppermost part of surface 14 stands proud of block: 10, regions 15 of cavity remain unfilled. In the right hand cavity 12 sufficient foamable material 13 has been injected to completely fill cavity 12. In both cases there is an amount of foamed material 13 which must be cut away in order that the block 10 may be stacked with like blocks or. used for building purposes. In Fig. 2 there is shown a block 20 having cavities 21 filled in accordance with the method of the present invention. An amount of foamablέ material 22 is injected into each cavity 21, the amount being sufficient for each cavity 21 to be filled with such material 22 when foamed. A closure member 23 is located relative to block 20 such that each cavity 21 is enclosed, and the material 22 is allowed to foam. As the material 22 rises it comes into contact -with the closure member 23 and is then forced to expand to the extremities of the cavities 21, thus (26.3.82) filling cavities 21. When the material 22 has set, i.e. is tack-free, the closure member 23 is removed, leaving the free surface of the foamed material 22 flush with the surface of block 10. By this means there is no need to cut away excess material 22, thus saving on material 22 and eliminating the cutting step and the waiting until the material 22 is in a condition for cutting, as is necessary in the prior method. Apparatus for producing the block 20 is illustrated in Fig. 4, and comprises a bottom conveyor 40 and a top conveyor 41, both being in the form of endless conveyors. A lift-on electric hoist 42a places a number of blocks 43 i^ a pallet 44 on bottom conveyor 40. Conveyor 40 is set in motion and a pallet pusher 45 pushes the pallet 44 towards top conveyor 41. When the leading block -t-3 reaches a position beneath foamable material injector 46 limit switch 47a is activated to cause conveyor 40 to stop for a predetermined time whilst foamable material is injected into the cavity or cavities in leading block 43. The conveyor 40 then indexes forward by an amount equal to the thickness of a block 43 and the next block 43 has foamable material injected therein. This process is repeated until the last block 43 in that particular pallet 44 contains foamable material whence limit switch 47b is activated to set conveyor 0 in motion to forward pallet 44 beneath top conveyor 41. Conveyor 41 comprises a plurality of rubber-faced, laterally extending steel slats 45 which contact the tops of blocks 43 and form closure members for the cavities therein. An endless strip of polythene 49 passes between the slats 48 and the blocks 43 to prevent sticking of the foamed material to the slats 48. The rubber facing of slats 48 compensates for discrepancies in the height of individual clocks 43. The speed of conveyor 40 is such (26.3.82) that foaming of the material in the cavities in blocks 43 is substantially completed, i.e. the material is sufficiently cured, whilst the blocks 43 travel in contact with top conveyor 41. Insulated blocks 43a emerge from beneath top conveyor 41 and are removed from bottom conveyor 40 by a lift-off electric hoist 42b and stacked for storage and subsequent transport to a building site. The empty pallets 44 are returned by means (not shown) to the loading position as shown by the arrows. The blocks 10, 20 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 ana produced as described above in relation to Fig. 4, have the disadvantage that there are thermal bridges extending through the block outside of and between the cavities 11, 12, 21. In order to overcome this problem the invention provides an insulated block 30 as shown in Fig. 3. The insulated block 30 comprises a building block 31 having a rigid block of oamed plastics insulating material 32 bended to one face. The insulated block 30 has several advantages over the blocks 10, 20 of Fig. 1 and 2. For the same structural strength and insulation properties the block 31 can be thinner than blocks 10, 20, thus enabling the block manufacturer to produce more blocks per pallet and thereby increase production and reduce production costs per block. Furthermore, since there may be no cavities, the block 31 is easier to manufacture and higher density' block aggregates may be used than in the case of blocks 10,20. In addition the thermal transmittance through the block is substantially uniform and the thermal bridges in block 30 are reduced. In consequence, for the same overall thermal performance of block 30 less foamable material 32 is required than in the case of blocks 10,20. thus further reducing production costs. The block of foamed material 3 may be bonded to (26.3.82) block 31 by means of adhesive. However, the present method of producing block 30 comprises foaming the material 32 in contact with block 31 whilst in an enclosed space. By this means adhesive may not be required and an excellent mechanical keying of the material 32 to the block 31 may be achieved by the pressure created during foaming forcing material 32 into the generally pitted surface of block 31. In Fig. 5 there is shown apparatus for producing block 30 by this method, comprising a bottom conveyor 50 by which a number of mould units 51 are conveyed through the apparatus. The mould units 51 may form moulds for the foamable material, or may retain moulds or mould liners 52 as shown, in which case the moulds or mould liners 52 are dispensed individually into mould units 51 as conveyor 50 is in motion. The mould 51, 52 then has a quantity of foamable material injected therein by injector 53 and a block 54 from a supply thereof is placed into the mould 51 1 52 by a dispensing means (not shown). The conveyor 50 conveys the mould 51, 52 and block 54 beneath top conveyor 55, and the foamable material is allowed to foam to fill the enclosed space 56 formed between block 54 and the base and inclined sides of mould 51. 52. The mould walls c y be of or lined with a deformable material to facilitate the block edges seating therein to effect good sealing of the space 56. Top conveyor 55 prevents lifting of the blocks 54 from the mould 51, 52 so that space 56 is completely filled and the foaming material is bonded to block ^. Again the speed of conveyor^ 50 is such that foaming is substantially completed by the time that blocks 54 emerge from beneath top conveyor 55. A stacking unit 57 places insulated blocks 54a onto off¬ loading conveyor 58 from which they are removed by means of a lift-off electric hoist 59. If moulds or mould ORIGINAL (26.3.82) " liners 51 are used they may be ' returned to the loading position in the same manner as pallets 44 in the apparatus of Fig. 4, their release from mould units 51 being facilitated by the prior spraying at 52a with a 5 suitable release agent. If no such moulds or mould liners 51 are used and the mould units 51 constitute the moulds proper then they may be cleaned by cleaning means 51a if desired. Instead of mould units 51 or moulds 52 having 10 inclined sides as shown in Fig. 5» they may be provided with upstanding sides as shown in Fig. 6. In Fig. 6 the mould 60 has a base 61 which is secured to or driven by the bottom conveyor (not shown). The mould 60 also has sides 62 which, are pivoted at 63 to base 61 and each 5 side 62 has an inwardly extending protruberance 64 on which block 65 may rest. Guides (not shown) elevate the sides 62 to the upstanding position prior to injection of foamable material 66 into the mould 60. Block 65 is then placed in the mould 60 and supported by protruber- 20 ances 64. Whilst the block 65 passes beneath top conveyor 67 the material 66 is allowed to foam, and fill the available space beneath block 65 to which it becomes bonded. When the block 65 emerges from beneath top conveyor 67, which has prevented lifting of the block 25 65 during foaming of material 66, guides (not shown) cause sides 62 to swing outwardly and release block 65, with material 66 bonded thereto, so that it may be removed from the bottom conveyor. Alternative forms of mould are shown in Figs. 7 30 and δ. 3_n Fig. 7 the bottom conveyor 70 is formed as a trough having inclined sides. Blocks 71 are placed end-to-end on conveyor 70 so as to be supported by the inclined sides, thus leaving a space 72 beneath the blocks 71. Prior to placing of blocks 71 on conveyor • z— 1C the trough has foamable material injected therein by -^RHΛ OKFI (26.3.82) injector 73 and a continuous polythene strip liner 74 is provided to facilitate removal of the insulated block after foaming is completed. The blocks 71 pass beneath top conveyor 75 which prevents lifting of blocks 71 from conveyor 70 during foaming. In Fig. 8 the top conveyor 80 is formed as a trough and foamable material 82 is injected therein by injector 81. As material 82 begins to rise during foaming it is laid onto blocks 84 which are conveyed beneath top conveyor 80 by bottom conveyor 85. As in the previous embodiment a polythene liner 86 may be laid into the trough of conveyor 80 prior to injection of foamable material 82 therein. In the embodiments of Figs. 7 and 8, the insulated blocks emerge joined by a continuous length of foamed material. In both cases the blocks may activate a limit switch 87 (Fig. 8) which in turn activates a cutter 88 to sever the foamed material between each block. Further alternative embodiments of apparatus suitable for producing the blocks 30 of Fig. 3 are shown in Figs. 9 and 10. In Fig. 9 foamable material is injected by injector 90 between vertical sides of blocks 91 and a side conveyor 92 in the form of an endless belt whose lateral dimension is substantially equal to the vertical spacing between top conveyor 93 and bottom conveyor 94. The conveyors 92, 93 » 94 and the blocks 91 thus bound an enclosed space in which the foamable material expands. In Fig. 10 blocks 100 are placed on bottom conveyor 101 in end-to-end disposition in two laterally spaced rows. Injector 102 injects foamable material into the space between the rovrε of blocks 100 which then pass under top conveyor 103. An enclosed space is thus formed, being bounded bj r two blocks IOC and ccr.veyors 101 and 103, in O PI (26.3.82) which the foamable material expands. There emerges from beneath top conveyor 103 a "sandwich" of foamed material between two rows of blocks 100 and the foamed material is cut along a vertical plane midway between the rows of blocks by cutter 104. A laterally oriented cutter (not shown) may be provided, as in the case of cutter 88 in the apparatus of Figs. 7 and 8, to separate the blocks in each row. Further alternative embodiments may be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art. For example the block of foamed material 32(Fig. 3) aa extend beyond one or two edges of the block 31 so that foamed material extends over an adjacent mortar joint when such block is used in the construction of a building. In this way the thermal bridge formed through a -wall by the mortar joints may be eliminated. The mould liner 51 if used could be of paper, polythene, polystyrene or other plastics material, metal foil with or without bitumen facing or other suitable material. The preferred material for use as the foamed insulation is polyurethane due to its low thermal conductivity coefficient. Alternative materials are phenolic or urea formaldehyde, polyisocyanurate, or polyurethane with one or more filler materials. Use of a polythene sheet material as shown in Figs. 4, 7 and 8 causes a water-impermeable "skin" to form on the subsequently exposed surface of the foamed material, in addition to facilitating release of the material from the closure member. This "skin" increases the water ingress resistance of a building structure using blocks formed in accordance with the invention, and also reduces the risk of damage to the foamed material during transportation, storage and use. As an alternative the mould may be lined with a bitumen faced sheet material, for example paper, plastics material or metal foil, tc (26.3.82) which the foaming material becomes bonded during insulated block manufacture, thus providing a moisture barrier. For example in the embodiment of Fig. 5 a roll of polythene may be provided, the sheet of such material being withdrawn therefrom and laid into successive mould units 51 or mould liners 52 so as to drape therein. Pressure means, for example, a jet of air may assist in causing the sheet material to be depressed into the mould or mould liner. When foaming of the foamable material takes place, the sheet material is stretched and forced into the extremities of the mould or mould liner, thus giving the insulated block 54a a "shrink- wrapped" water-impermeable skin. Similarly in the embodiments of Figs. 4 and 7 the endless strips 49ι 74 may be replaced by a supply of sheet material from a roll. Alternatively the mould or mould liners 51 may be retained by the insulated block 54a for this purpose. As a further modification of the invention the mould may be provided with temperature control means so that, for example, the mould may be kept cold in order that a dense, water- mpermeable skin forms on the surface of the foamed material remote from the block. Means of supporting the block in relation to the mould may be provided as an alternative to the means described heretofore. For example a block or blocks of previously-foamed material may be placed in the mould to support the block and the remaining space filled with material which foams so as to adhere to the block and to the support means. Loss of adhesion of foamed, material over the region of the support block or blocks will be small and of little consequence in view of the excellent mechanical keying of the foamed material to the building block. In addition to the aforementioned physical bonding - (26.3.82) of the foaming material to the block, the material as it rises to meet the block, has a surface of increased tackiness by comparison with the originally liquid foamable material. In consequence there may be an enhanced adhesion or chemical bond between the foamed material and the block by comparison with applying the foamable material directly to the block. Furthermore blocks often are cold and damp and this can cause problems if the foamable material is applied directly to the block. It is known to heat the blocks so as to avoid such problems but this is a difficult and expensive solution. By foaming the material in the mould so as to rise to the block these problems, caused by a cold block acting as a heat sink and taking heat from the material needed for the foaming process cr moisture interfering with the foaming process, are avoided or much reduced. Eowever, it is envisaged that in certain circumstances the block itself may form the mould or part thereof, for example in the case of a recessed block as shown in Fig. 2.

Claims: (26.3.82) Claims.: 1. A method of manufacturing a thermally insulated building block characterised by the steps of- locating a closure means (23, 41, 52, 60, 70, 80, 92, 93, 103) and a building block (20, 43, 54, 65, 71, 84, 91, 100) in mutual relative disposition to provide an enclosed space (21, 56, 66, 72, 82) therebetween into which a predetermined quantity of a foamable plastics material (22, 32, 65) has been introduced, allowing said foamable material to foam within said enclosed space (21, 56, 66, 72, 82) to form a thermally insulated block (20, 30, 43a, 53a) and then separating said closure means (23, 41, 52, 60, 70, SO, 92, 93, 103) from said thermally insulated block (20, 30, 43a, 53a) . said predetermined quantity being sufficient for said plastics material (22, 32, 66) to fill said enclosed space (21, 56, 66 , 72, 82) when foamed. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said building block (20, 43) comprises at least one cavity (21) therein, characterised by injecting said foamable material (22) into the or each cavity (21) prior to locating said closure member (23, 41) relative to said block (20, 43). 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said enclosed space is defined by an outer surface of said block (91, 100) and said closure member (92, 93, 103) characterised by injecting said foamable material onto said outer surface prior to locating said closure member (92, 93, 103) and said block (91, 10C) in said relative disposition. 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said enclosed space (55, 66, 72, 82) is defined by an outer surface of said block (54, 71, 84) and said closure member (52, 70, 80), characterised b injecting said foamable material onto said closure member (52, 70, 80) prior to locating said closure member (52, 7C, SO) and (26.3.82) said block (54, 71, 84) in said relative disposition. 5. A thermal!y insulated building block comprising a building block (20, 31, 65) having a foamed plastics material (22, 32, 66) bonded thereto characterised by said thermally insulated building block is produced by a method as claimed in claim 1. 6. A thermally insulated building block as claimed in claim 5 having at least one cavity (21) therein characterised in that said foamed material (22) is disposed in the or each cavity (21). 7. A thermally insulated building block as claimed in claim 5 characterised in that said foamed material (32, 66) is bonded to an outer surface of said building blocks. 8. Apparatus for manufacturing a thermally insulated building block (20, 30, 43ε, 54a) by the method of claim 1 characterised by means (46, 53, 73, 81, 90, 102) adapted to supply a predetermined quantity of a oamable plastics material, a closure means (23, 41, 52, 60, 70, 80, 92, 93, 103) adapted to be located relative to a building block (20, 43, 54, 65, 71, 84, 91, 100) to provide an enclosed space (21, 56, 66, 72, 82) there¬ between containing said foamable material and means (55, 75) adapted to maintain said relative location whilst said material is foamed and said thermally insulated building block (20, 30, 43a, 53a) is formed, said predetermined quantity being sufficient for said plastics material to fill said enclosed space (21, 56, 66, 72, 82) when foamed. 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 characterised by conveyor means (40, 50, 70, 85, 94, 101) for supporting said building block (43, 54, 71, 84, 91, 100) whilst said plastics material is foamed. 10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 characterised by said closure means comprises endless belt means (41, 80) (26.3.82) disposed above and substantially parallel with said conveyor means (40, 85). 11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 characterised in that said endless belt means comprises an endless belt (80) of channel shaped cross-section. 12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 characterised in that said conveyor means (50, 70) comprises said closure means and said location maintaining means comprises an endless belt (55, 75) disposed above and substantially parallel with said conveyor means (50, 70). 13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12 characterised in that said conveyor means comprises an endless belt (70) of channel shaped cross-section. 14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12 characterised in that said conveyor means comprises an endless belt (50) having a plurality of moulds (52) retained thereon, each mould (52) comprising a base and walls upstanding therefrom. 15. Apparatus as claimed in claim14 characterised in that said walls comprise, at least internally of said mould (52), a deformable material to facilitate sealing of said block (54) therewith. 16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 characterised by means for feeding a liner (49, 74, 86) in contact with said closure means (48, 70, 80) prior to location of said closure means (48, 70, 80) relative to said block (43, 71, 84). 17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 characterised by cutter means (88, 104) adapted to cut foamed material (82) extending between adjacent thermally insulated building blocks (71, 84, 91, 100). 18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 characterised by temperature control means adapted to control said closure means at a predetermined temperature whilst said foamable material is foamed. OMPI

Inventors: BLACKWELL JAMES BRIAN, CONNETT MICHAEL, CONNETT PETER
Applicants: BEAMECH GROUP LTD, BLACKWELL JAMES BRIAN, CONNETT MICHAEL, CONNETT PETER
Application year: 1982
Main classification: B29D27
IPC codes: B28B11, B29C39, B29C44, E04C1