VARIABLE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Abstract: Variable building construction for buildings with a small number of stories having a foundation, holders for space limiting and space dividing panels, platform and space covering members and the building construction being mounted together from panels by way of detachable connection. For the variable building construction longitudinal beams (1a), cross-beams (1 b) forming frame (1), limiting plates (2) made of non-comburent material on silicate base, connecting groove (4) being formed along the circumference of the panels, slat (7) being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) of the adjacent panels, an upper floor beam (21), a bottom sill (23) and auxiliary connecting members, angle stanchions (13) are provided.

Description: Variable Building Construction The invention relates to a variable building construction which can preferably be used for buildings with small num ber of s-kries, e.g. for family houses, terrace houses or row houses, communal buildings such as nurseries, garages, but for garret-space flats, too. The known types of these variable building constructions have a foundation, space limiting and space dividing panels and holders for them as well as platform and space covering members, too. The space limiting, space dividing, space covering and pisiform members are formed as panels having the same measurements as a basic module. They can eventually have openings for doors and/or windows, too. The panels for the same purpose and with the same function are interchangeable. They are provided with parts and/or with auxiliary elements for connecting the adjacent panels The panels in the previously known solutions axe formed as sandwich-type elements having an intermediate layer, pre- ferably for heat insulation which are arranged between two stable limiting plates. The limiting plates and the inter¬ mediate layer are mounted together with the aid of a frame made of longitudinal beams and cross-beams. These beams have a U-like cross section and serve at the same time as the load bearing structure of the panels. The known building constructions are mounted together from such panels by way of detachable connection, thus, the variability of the building structure is provided. For buildings with small number of s ries, especially for simple communal buildings, ancillary or subsidiary buildings, for week-end houses, the possibility of simple and quick erection with little work is highly wanted. These houses were in the past built by traditional tech¬ nology, from brick. The houses built as mentioned above are made for eternity, they cannot be broken down and built up on an other place. When these houses are..broken-.down, they are demolished and even the building material contained in it cannot be used for further purposes. For meeting these demands, prefabricated panels made usu¬ ally<__. concrete or more rarely of metal are used in ever increasing circle for buildings mentioned in the introdαc- tion, especially for motels, nurseries, garages and other service or communal buildings. The houses can be erected by using these panels with small work demand, quickly and they can be demounted in a quiet, easy way and with a small danger of demolishing them. However, the known types of prefabricated panels cannot be formed according to the required measurements on the spot of building. The panels made of concrete, further, have a considerable weight which makes difficult the trans- port as well as the mounting of these panels. For these buildings a strong foundation and high-power building machines are required. The panels made of metal can easily be moved, have a small weight relative to their load bearing capacity, for their fabrication, however, great skill, good tools and machine are required. Therefore, the panels made of wood can even nowadays find application or the buildings mentioned in the introduc¬ tion, since they have a small weight, can easily be fabri cated and mounted. With the wood material, however, arises the. difficulty of the little resistance against humidity", fungus ana other parasites. The load bearing structures made of wood must be treated during their whole life with chemicals for the protection of their substance which means additional costs Thus, the main object of our invention is to eliminate the above mentioned defficiencies in connection with the known types of variable building constructions and to develop a structure with elements having small weight and providing the possibility of easy transporting, manufacturing, mount ing and handling. Further object of this invention is to increase the resis¬ tance against fungus, rodents and other parasites, against humidity and other atmospherical influences. Another object of our invention is to provide the possi¬ bility, of easy demounting without the danger of damaging the elements. Furthermore, the elements should be manu¬ factured and built together in the same structural way. For our invention, the idea serves as basis that the load bearing structure, the frame and the limiting walls of the elements should be made on silicate base, preferably of cement, pearlite and asbestos by casting, and, further- more, the panels should be formed as panels with unified measurements. The development, that is the invention itself is in that the longitudinal beams and. the cross beams, which form 5 together the frame, as well as the limiting plates of the panels are made of non-comburent material on silicate base which is resistance against fungus, insects, parasites and atmospherical influences. The panels have cement as binder and are cutable like wood and are preferably made by mould 10 casting. Along the circumfei*ence of the panels, a connect¬ ing groove is formed by emerging the limiting plates out of the frame or by arranging the longitudinal beams and the cross-beams having a U-like cross-section so that the U is outwardly open. The adjacent_.panels_are connected to 15 each other by the help of connecting grooves shaped for this purpose. Into these connecting grooves of the adjacent panels, a lath or slat is inserted along the longitudinal beams. Into the connecting girooves along the cross-beams of the panels, an upper guide beam on the top of the panel and 20 a lower transom on the bottom of it are inserted for guid¬ ing the longitudinal cross-beams and,thus, preventing the horizontal displacement of the panel and for spreading the load coming from space covering panel on the foundation body and, at the same time, tackling the longitudinal beams 25 of the panel. The upper guide beam and the lower transom have preferably a T-like cross-section. Along the shorter circumferential edges of the panels, an upper floor beam and for the connection with the space cove 30 ing panels and an auxiliary bottom sill for the connection with the platform of the building and/or with the foundatio body as well as auxiliary connecting members such as angle stanchions and/or auxiliary groove laths are provided at th connection of the space limiting panels to each other in 35 different planes or to the space dividing panels, and, » ~ 5 ~ preferably, at the connection of the space dividing panel to each other along a vertical edge. In a preferred embodiment according to our invention, a f ing nest is formed in the upper guide beam and in the low transom for engaging and tackling the longitudinal beams the frames of the space limiting panels. These fixing nes can be formed by eliminating or removing a given part of ribs of the upper guide beams and the lower transoms enga ing with the connecting groove. Preferably, the measurement in direction of the fixing nes of the upper guide beam or in the direction of the longitu dinal axis of the lower transom corresponds to the common cross-sectional measurement of the longitudinal beams of the panels to be tackled. In another embodiment, the limiting plates of the panels c be fixed to the frames by way of joint elements applicable from one side, e.g. of so called pop-rivets and/or of adhe ing. For better isolation, a sealing ribbon can be inserted according to the invention between the vertical members of the frames and the laths or the groove laths and between, the horizontal members of the frames and the ribs forming a groove lath of said upper guide beams and between the lower horizontal members of the frames and the ribs formed as groove laths of the lower transom, respectively. For th same purpose, the. interstices or joints between the adjace panels with the same function can be filled out by an air sealing strip, too. According to a further embodiment of this invention, covers or headboards are arranged at the joints of the space limi ing panels to each other in different planes or to the space dividing panels or to the space covering panels as well as at the joints of space dividing panels to each other or to space covering panels, finally at the joints of the space limiting panels and the space dividing panels to the platform, respectively. Furthermore, a layer against steam condensation and, pre¬ ferably, a water impermeable coating such as an imperme- able plastening are provided on the space limiting panels and the space covering panels. Finally, the platform and the lower transom of the space limiting panels can be fixed by way of anchor members to the foundation body. Further objects and aspects of our invention will be de¬ scribed hereinafter with reference to the attached drawing in connection with pr -exemplified embodiments. In the drawing Fig. 1 is a side view of a panel in this invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section along line II-II in Fig.l Fig. 3 shows a cross-section along line III-III in Fig. 1. Fig. illustrates an exemplified embodiment of the space limiting panel in this invention. Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 4» however, in th .case of another embodiment. Fig. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of the space dividing panel in this invention. Fig. 7 is another embodiment of the space dividing panel of Fig. β. Fig. 8 illustrates the joints of the space dividing panels in this invention. Fig. 9 is a view similar to that in Fig. 8, however, in th case of space limiting panels. Fig. 10 shows the joint of the space, limiting and the spa dividing panels. Fig. 11 is a view of the perpendicular joint of space lim ing panels. Fig. 12 shows the connection of the space dividing panel and the foundation. ' Fig. 13 shows the joint of the space limiting panel and t space covering panel. Fig. 14 shows the joint of the space dividing panel and t space covering panel. In Fig. 1, a side view of a space limiting panel K can be seen. This space limiting panel K has a frame 1 formed as the load bearing structure of the panel and limiting plate fixed to . the frame 1 /Figs. 2, 3/. The frame I ~ is, construc from longitudinal beams la and from cross-beams lb. Betwee limiting plates 2, insulating blanket 3 and along the inne side " of one of limiting plates 2 at least one layer 5 agai steam condensation is arranged. According to the exemplified embodiment shown in the Figur outer limiting plate 2 of space limiting panel K is coated with a water impermeable plastening 6. As shown in Fig. 3 » the longitudinal beams la of the panels have a connecting groove 4 formed by the longitudinal beams la having a U-li cross-section. These connecting grooves 4 of adjacent pane form a ditch-like closed space. As shown in Fig. 1, a rib 20a of lower transom 20 penetrat into cross-beam lb which has similarly a ϋ-like cross-sect Thus, the panel is fixed in its position. One can see on Fig. 1, too, that a part of rib 20a is removed where a fix ing nest or tailing 24 is formed. The panel is erected for sitting in this fixing nest 24» In the fixing nest 24 ther is a place enough for longitudinal beams la of the adjacen panels. In Fig. 4* a magnified cross-section of space limiting panel K is shown. On the outer side of longitudinal beams la having a TJ-like cross-section, limiting plates 2 are laid on. Both frame 1 being the load bearing structure and limiting plates 2 are made of a mixture of cement and asbestos, and, eventually, pearlite. Therefore, they have a small weight and can be processed in an easy way. Along the lower limiting plate 2, a layer against steam condensa tion is provided in the form of e.g. plastic or bituminous plate whilst insulating blanket 3 is formed as a foam e.g. on polystyrene base. Space limiting panel has a similar structure as it is clearly apparent from Fig. 5« There is a difference in the cross-section of longitudinal beam la: the TJ-like cross- -section is substituted by a rectangular parallelogram. In this case, auxiliary plates 2a are arranged at the in¬ side of limiting plates 2 nearby to frame 1. The connect- inggroove 4 is formed in this case between auxiliary plates 2a emerging out of frame 1, i.e. of longitudinal beams la. In Figs. 6. and 7 » two embodiments of space dividing panels B are shown, somewhat magnified. In Fig * 6, the beams of frame 1 have a TJ-like cross-section, whilst in Fig. 7 they have a rectangular parallelogram cross-section. Insulating blanket.3 can be similar to that of space limiting panels but here, it has the function of a silencer or sound lock rather than a heat insulator as with space limiting panel K In the case of space dividing panels B, layer 5 against steam condensation is not needed. In Fig. 8, the joint of space dividing panels B are shown to each other, somewhat magnified. Connecting groove 4 between longitudinal beams la of frame 1 of adjacent space dividing panels B are filled out by an inserted lath or slat 7» by the way of which, a force transmitting connec¬ tion is provided between adjacent space dividing panels B Into connecting groove 4 » a sealing or packing ribbon 8 is inserted beneath lath 7 » the interstices or joints between the edges of limiting plates 2 of the adjacent panels are closed up by a sealing or packing strip . Inserted lath 7 is made of wood here, and sealing ribbon 8 and sealing strip 9 are made of plastic. The latter has an air-tightening function. The joints to each other of space dividing panels K shown in Fig. 9 have principally the same base as space dividing panels B. In the ditch-like connecting groove 4 formed between adjacent panels having longitudinal beams la with U-like cross τ section, lath 7 and sealing ribbons 8 are in¬ serted. Also the air-tight connection is provided with sea ing strip 9 between adjacent limiting plates 2 of the pane The space limiting panels K have a layer 5 against steam condensation and, on their outer surface, a water imperme¬ able plastening 6, too. Plastening 6 is in most cases applied during the manufacture in the premises, thus, the problem of connecting plastening 6 does not arise. In Fig. 10, a point of junction is shown, wherein two adja cent space limiting panels and a space dividing panel B are jointed. This is a horizontal cross-section of the poi of junction. The one shown in Fig. 9 is completed by a groove lath or slat 10 inserted into a groove formed at th joint of inner limiting plates 2 of space limiting panels and longitudinal beam la of space dividing panel B. Sealing ribbon 8 is inserted here, too, and the joints between space dividing panel B and space limiting panels E are covered by cover or headboard 11. The covers 11 are fixed to longitudinal beams la of space limiting panels E with aid of wood screws 12. 5 Since frames 1 and limiting plates 2 made of a mixture of asbestos, cement and pearlite can be treated as wood, nothing sets a bar of using screwed joints. Thus, wood screws 12 can be used for fixing the edges of limiting 10 plates 2 to frame 1 and inserted lath 7 as shown in Pig. . In Pig. 11, a junction of two space limiting panels E per¬ pendicular to eaσh other can be seen. There is a need for an angle stanchion or column 13 made of e.g. wood, to whic 15 longitudinal beams la of space limiting panels K are fixed by aid of wood screws 12. Since this is a perpendicular juntion, cover 11 can be used here, too. As it is clearly apparent from Pig. 12, space limiting 20 panel E is connected to a foundation body 18 with the help of a lower transom 20. A rib 20a of lower transom 20 penetrates into cross-beam lb of space limiting panel E having a U-like cross-section. To lower transom 20, an anchor member 15 is connected which is fixed in nest 17 25 formed in foundation body 18. Uest 17 is filled out after inserting anchor member 15 with a post-hardening material. Thus, a force transmitting connection is provided between space limiting panels E and foundation body 18. 30 Between foundation body 18 and lower transom 20, an equal¬ izing layer or evener 27 can be inserted beneath layer 5 against steam condensation made of plastic or bituminous plate. The upper edge of foundation body 18 can be closed up by a rain shield Iβ fixed to space limiting panel E 35 and/or to lower transom 20. In Fig. 13 a junction of space limiting panel E and a space covering panel is illustrated in cross-section. At the same time, the junction of two adjacent space covering panels are shown, too. A rib 14a of upper guide beam 14 penetrates into longitudinal beam la of space limiting panel E. Rib 14a has a manyfold function. At first, it prevents the horizontal displacement of space limiting panel E but, on the second hand, it transfers the loads coming from space covering panels I, too. In the point of junc¬ tion, a fixing member 19 made of metal of space covering member is provided, which blocks the lifting of space covering panel L. Frames 1 of space covering panels 1 are assembled from lon gitudinal beams la and cross-beams lb having a perpendicu¬ lar parallelogram cross-section. As with space limiting panels E and space dividing panels " B, a force transmitting connection is provided between cross-beams lb with the help of inserted, laths 7» On the top of space covering panels , a shell plating is arranged with the interven¬ tion of an auxiliary insulating blanket 3a protected by an auxiliary layer 5a against steam condensation. In Fig.- 14» the junction of space covering panels 1 and space dividing panels B is illustrated. Between adjacent space covering panels , a floor beam 21 is arranged to which inner limiting plates 2 of space covering panels 1, groove laths 10 of space dividing panel B and covers 11a are fixed. It is not shown in the drawing but it is valid to all Figures that the limiting plates 2 of the panels are fixed to the frames 1 by way of joint elements applicable from one side, e.g. of so called pop-rivets and/or of adhering. In connection with Fig. 12 we draw the attention io the fact that an auxiliary bottom sill 23 can be arranged between the platform 22 of the building and the foundation body 18 if required, the form of which can correspond to the function of the building.

Claims: What we claim is : 1. Variable building construction for buildings with a small number of stories, e.g. for family houses, terrace houses or row houses, communal buildings such as motels, nurseries, garages, for garret-space flats, having a foundation, holders for space limiting and space dividing panels, as well as platform and space covering members, said space limiting, space dividing, space covering and platform members being panels built with the same measure ments as a basic module and having eventually openings fo doors and/or windows, the panels for the same purpose bei interchangeable, further, having parts and/or auxiliary elements for connecting the adjacent panel, said panels being formed as sandwich-type elements having an inter- mediate layer, preferably heat insulating layer between two stable limiting plates, the limiting plates and the intermediate layer being frames into a frame made of longitudinal beams and cross-beams having a TJ-like cross- -section and forming the load bearing structure of each of said panels, the building construction being mounted to¬ gether from these panels by way of detachable connection, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the longitudinal beams (la) and the cross beams (lb) forming said frame (1) as well as the limiting plates (2) of the panels being made of non-comburent material on silicate base being resistant against fungus and insects, preferably with cement binder and cutable like wood made preferably by mould casting; a connecting groove (4) being formed along the circumference of the panels by emerging said limiting plates (2) out of the frame (1) or by arranging the TJ-like cross section of said longitudinal beams (la) and said cross-beams (lb) for being outwardly open, said connecting groove (4) being shaped for connecting the adjacent panels to each other; a lath or slat (7) being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) of the adjacent panels along their longitudina beams (la), an upper guide beam (14) on the top of the panels, as well as a lower transom (20) on the bottom of it being inserted into the connecting grooves (4) along the cross-beams (lb) of the panels, for guiding the longitudinal cross-beams (lb) and, thus, preventing the horizontal displacement of said panels and for spreading the load coming from space covering panel on the founda¬ tion body (18) and, at the same " time, tackling the longi¬ tudinal beam (la) of the panel, preferably having a T- 0 -cross section; along the shorter circumferential edges of said space deviding panel (B) an upper floor beam (21) for the connection with said space covering panels ( ) and an auxiliary bottom sill (23) for the connection with the platform (22) of the building and/or with the foundation-— ~ body (18), as well as auxiliary connecting members such as angle stanchions (13) and/or auxiliary groove laths (10) being provided at the connection of space limiting panels (E) in different planes to each other or to the space divi ing panels (B), and preferably, at the connection of the space d cing panels (B) to each other along a vertical ed 2. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 1, wherein a fixing nest (24) being formed in the upper guide beam (14) and in the lower transom (20) for engaging and tackling the longitudinal beams (la) of said frames (1) of said space limiting panels (E). 3 * Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 2, wherein said fixing nest (24) being provided by eliminatin or removing a given part of ribs (14a, 20a) of said upper guide beam (14) and said lower transom (20) engaging with the connecting .groove (4)» 4 * Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 3 > wherein the measurement in direction of the fixing nest (2 of said upper guide beam (14) or of the longitudinal axis of said lower- transom (20) corresponding to the common cross-sectional measurement of the longitudinal beams (la) of the panels to be tackled. 5- Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 4» wherein the limiting plates (2) of said panels being fixed to the frames (1) by way of joint elements applicable from one side, preferably of so called pop-rivets and/or of adhering. 6. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 5» wherein a sealing ribbon (8) being inserted between the vertical members of the frames (1) and said laths (7) or said groove laths (10) and between the horizontal members of the frames (1) and theribs (14a) forming a groove lath of said upper guide beams (14) > and between the lower horizontal members of the frames (1) and the ribs (20a) formed as a groove lath of said lower transoms (20), res- pectively. !• Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the interstices of joints between the adjacent panels with the same function being filled out by an air- -sealing strip (9). 8. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 7, wherein covers or headboards (11) being arranged at the joints of the space limiting panels (E) to each other in different planes or to the space dividing panels (B) or to the space covering panels (L) as well as at the joints of space dividing panels (B) to each other or with space covering panels ( ), finally at the joints of the space limiting panels (E) and the space dividing panels (B) to the platform (22), respectively. 9« Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 8, wherein a layer (5) against steam condensation and, pre¬ ferably a water impermeable coating, such as an imperme¬ able plastening (β) being provided on said space limiting panels (E) and said space covering panels (L). 10. Variable building construction as claimed in Claim 9 » wherein said platform (22) and/or said lower transoms (20) of the space limiting panels (E) being fixed to said foun¬ dation body (18) by way of anchor members (15)«

Inventors: DOBOS ISTVAN, KOVACS GYULA, SZANTO VILMOS, VAMOS KAROLY
Applicants: DOBOS ISTVAN, ERDERT ERDOEGAZDASAGI FAIPARI, KOVACS GYULA, SZANTO VILMOS, VAMOS KAROLY, ERDERT ERDOEGAZDASAGI FAIPARI TERMEKEKET ERTEKESITO FELD
Application year: 1982
Main classification: E04B1
IPC codes: E04B1, E04B2, E04H1, E04H3