DRUM FOR SEPARATION OF A BULK MATERIAL

Abstract: A drum for separation of a bulk material into a heavier and a lighter fraction is arranged to be rotated around its central axis at a certain velocity and to be traversed by a flow of air at a certain flow velocity. The drum has at least one discharge aperture for the heavier fraction and at least one discharge aperture for the lighter fraction further on in the drum in the direction of the air flow. In at least one portion of the drum (2) between thesaid discharge aperture for the heavier fraction and the said discharge aperture for the lighter fraction the drum is provided with rearward-feeding transport members in the form of inwardly-directed spirals (27) fastened to the inside of the drum and arranged so that during rotation of the drum material is transported in the thread turns (28) between the spirals to the rear towards the said discharge aperture for the heavier fraction, also lifters (29, 30) for the bulk material arranged in the thread turns (27) and designed as barriers to prevent continued rearward feed of the bulk material in the thread turns concerned. The lifters are arranged in groups along the portion involved of the drum around the inside of the drum, and the groups can containg the same or different numbers of lifters and be arranged having the same or different pitch between the groups, but the distance (L) between the groups is such and the number of thread turns provided with lifters in each group is such that during each revolution of the drum on the whole more material of the heavier fraction is fed to the rear through each group via the free thread turns than is raised up by the lifters in the thread turns in the next following group, viewed in the direction of air flow, which is blocked off by lifters and at the air velocity which is matched to suit drum diameter is blown som distance to the rear by the air flow when it drops down from the lifter as the drum rotates, whilst the lighter fraction is blown further forward so that the forward feed of this fraction is much greater than the rearward feed in the thread turns.

Description: DRUM FOB SEPARATION OF A BULK FJ ERIA TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a drum having at least one section for sepa- ~ rating a bulk material into a heavier and a lighter fraction. More particularly the invention relates to a drum which is designed to be rotated around its horizontal or possibly slightly inclined central axis at a certain speed and to be traversed by a flow of air having a certain flov; velocity, besides which the drum has at leas 'one dis- 0 charge aperture for the heavier fraction and at least one discharge aperture for the lighter fraction located further on in the drum viewed in the direction of air flow. In particular the invention relates to a drum having a section for separation of chopped harvested crops which contain a mixture of, grains and lighter components, so that it is 5 possible to obtain the grains separately and straw and other lighter components separately. BACKGROUND In Swedish patent applications SθOθβ82-8, 8003989-- and 8003990-2, filed 0 by the sane applicant, a description is given of equipment appertaining to the technical field described above. By means of these proposed inventions, equipment has been created for drying, threshing and sep¬ arating a harvested crop which contains components of different types, " in such a way that none of the components stiffezs damage, but instead ~ can be kept for use in the most suitable manner. A very high degree of separation of the grain from the chopped harvest crop lighter com¬ ponents has also been achieved, which is a pre-requisite for good overall economics on the part of the plant. DΞSCSIPTION OF THE INVENTION The aim of the invention is to offer a codified, improved separation drum. In particular one aim is to design the separation drum in such a way that the degree of separation and the capacity of the drum can be calculated mathematically and be predicted even on the drawing board, v/hich is of decisive importance for optimising the dimensions of the installation and the design of detailed components, -all with OMPI the aim of reducing plant costs and of being able to increase capacity whilst retaining good or improved separation of the more valuable heavier fraction. These and other objectives can. be achieved when the drun, in at least a portion of t e same, between the said discharge aperture for the heavier fraction and the said discharge aperture for the lighter frac¬ tion, is provided on the one hand with rearward-feeding transport devices in the form of inwardly-directed spirals fastened to the inside of the drum and arranged during rotation of the drun- to trans¬ port Material in the thread turns between the spirals to the" rear towards the said discharge aperture for the heavier fraction, also lifters for the bulk material arranged in all thread turns and designed as barriers to prevent continued rearward feed of the bulk ma erial,the said lif ers being arranged in groups along the said portion around the inside of the drum, a number of the thread turns, but not all, in each such group containing lifters, the lifters being arranged to have the same or different pitch, but that the pitch or distance between the groups is such and the number of thread turns provided with lifters in. at least the majority of the groups is such that during each revo¬ lution performed by the drum, in total more material of the heavier fraction is fed rearwards through the free thread turns in these groups than is lifted up by the lifters in the thread turns in the next following group, viewed in the direction of air flow, " which are blockedoff by lifters and at the air velocity which is matched to suit the drum diameter is blown some distance forward by the air flow when it drops down from the lifter during rotation of the drum, whilst the lighter fraction is blown further on so that the forward feed of this fraction is considerably greater than the rearward feed in the thread turns. The lifters are placed preferably in at the cost alt¬ ernate thread turns in the said groups. Further characteristics of the invention will be indicated by the patent claims and by the following description of a preferred embodi- raent. OMPI BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS In the following description of a preferred embodiment reference will be made to the appended diagrams in v/hich: Fig * 1 gives a side view of a separation plant with a separation drum in accordance with the invention, where the drum and a feed chamber have been shown partly in section so as to illustrate the interior of the drum and the feed device, Fig. 2 is an end view II-II in Fig. , and i Fig.3 is a plan projection of the inside of the drum. BEST I-3DDS OF CASSYUΓG 0T3T SHE JI-VΞN ION The installation shown in Fig. 1 consists as regards its main compon¬ ents of a chamber 1 v/hich accommodates members for feeding in the bulk material which is to be separated and for discharging the heavier fraction of the bulk material, a separation drum 2 and a discharge chamber 3 for the lighter fraction of the bulk material. A foundation is designated as . The upper portion of chamber 1 is provided with a trough 5 with a seπi-cylindrical bottom 6 a rear end 7 and a forward end S v/hich is provided with a circular aperture 9» feed aperture for the bulk material is designated as 10. The feed of the bulk material is sym¬ bolised by the cashed arrow 11. Underneath the trough c there is a chamber 12 for the separated heavier fraction of the bulk material. A discharge aperture for the heavier fraction is designated as 13, and the discharge of the heavier fraction is symbolised by the heavy arrow 1*-+. In the vicinity of chamber 12 there is an air intake 5 provided with a mesh. The separation drum 2 is arranged to be rotated around its central axis 16 by means of a drive motor 17 via a V-belt transmission Ic. The drum 2 rolls on a number of bogies 19 on the foundation . At its end which faces the drum 1 the drum 2 communicates with the a-oer- BAD ORIGINAL OMPI ture 9 in the trough 5. Th-s froπ trough ~ a tube 1o leads into the interior of the drum 2 at a level above the centre line δ. A conical transition between the aperture 9 sxiά tube 20 is designated as 21. Through the trough 5 and tube 20 a feeder screw 22 extends which has a somewhat larger diar-eter in the area of the trough 5 than in tube 20. The central axis 23 of feeder screw 22 is parallel with the cen¬ tral axis 16 of. the drun. In accordance wit the embodicent, the tube 20 extends a distance into the drtuu 2 which is somewhat -.-ore than one third of the total length of drun 2. One end of tube 20 is designated as *~ , i At its far end the drum 2 is provided with a discharge aperture, not shovm, for the lighter fraction. The discharge chamber 3 is connec¬ ted to this farther discharge aperture. Jro-n the discharge chamber 3 the lighter fraction is arranged to be fed further through a dis¬ charge aperture 25. The discharge direction of the lighter fraction is symbolised hy the unshaded arrow 26. The discharge chamber 3 does not comprise any part of the invention and hence this has not been ' illustrated in greater detail. The cylindrical separation drum 2 is clad internally with spirals 27 consisting of strips of plate, twisted in spiral fashion and directed radially inwards, which are welded onto the inside of dr'-s-- 2. The thread turns between the spirals 27 have been designated " as 2δ. The spirals 27 and thus also the thread turns 1-- extend along the entire separation drτ2-- 2, i.e. froπ- its left wall against chanber 1 tc the discharge aperture, not shown, at the farther end of the drun against the discharge chaπ-ber 3» The plan projection of the inside of the cruzr- shown in Fig. 3 indi¬ cates that lifters 29 and 30 are located along a tra-jor portion of the length of the run 2 in the thread turns Z between adjacent spirals 27. The lifters 29 in a first section A have theshape of straight bars which have the sane eiώit as the spirals 13. Section A extends fron the left wall of drnπ 2 close to char-ber 1 up to the inner end. 2k of the feed tube 20. It is indicated by Fig. 1 that the spirals IGINAL ' - OMPI 27 and bars 29 in zone A have a height which is only slightly less than the vertical distance between the topside of tube 20 and the inside of drum 2, In the next section B which iβ somewhat longer than section A the lifters 0 are longer than the height of the spirals 7* a point which is not indicated by the diagrams. This gives a more efficient feed of the light fraction, and furthermore they are provided with legs 31 in the vicinity of the spiral which, relative to the lifters 30, is located in the lee direction. The remainder of the separation drum 2 nearest the discharge aperture up to the discharge chamber 3 s designated as C. This section of the separation drum 2 has no lifters and is designated as the grain trap. As shown in Fig.3~ the lifters 29 and 0 are distributed around the periphery of drun 2 in rows I, II, III ... XI with equal spacing between the rows and with equal nucber of lifters 29 or 30 in each row. In accordance with the eπ-bodiπent section A contains five rows I. - V and section B has six rows VI - XI with an identical nuπ-b.er of lifters (six) in each row. la accordance with the embodiment the lifters 29 or 30 are arranged in. alternate thread turns 23 in each row I, II, IH etc., but it is also feasible to locate the lifters in each third, each fourth, in, two threc-.d turns cut of five etc. in each row of lifters I, II, HI etc. The distance L between rows I, II, III etc. is established so that L. I > a a L ' < !•_—, where ~ _I ) _- can be established using the following expression for the trajectory-of a particle in the horizontal plane: * " g _ 2 __L_ L 1 j t = v L t - V l C;2 + 1) 3 where v_ = air velocity in m/s t = time of fall in seconds g = gravitations-! acceleration 9» 1 π/s 2 v he suspension velocity of the parti s = the suspension velocity of the particle concerned, i.e. he lighter or the heavier particle, at a certain given * ORIGINAL - β particle size on the part of the heavier or the lighter fraction respectively which is the velocity where the air resistance in this ideal case is balanced precisely by the particle gravitational force. 5 a = 1, where alternate thread turns in the groups are blocked by lifters, = 2/3 when each third thread turn is blocked, = - when each fourth thread turn is blocked, and so on for each fifth, for two thread turns out of five etc. 10 The time of fall t is calculated from the expression: * v_ - 2 - t = — cosh " (exp ( g v )) S 3 * s where L - the vertical trajectory in πetres of the selected particle. 15 y The trajectory in the vertical plane, is governed by the shape of the lifters, speed of rotation etc., cut is normally 835= of the dia¬ meter. The suspension velocity vs of the particle changes with- air humidity, air temperature and particle moisture content. With several 20 particles there is a scatter arotmd a horizontal average trajectory. ¥ith an increased volume of grain and straw, the scatter increases, whilst at the sane time the average values for the trajectories of the grain and straw respectively in the horizontal plane approximate to each other. She expression for the distance between the rows 2.3 L > a • L > refers, as mentioned, to the horizontal average traj- ectory of a straw particle having a certain selected size and respec¬ tively or a normal grain or corresponding heavier fraction in the harvested crop. The angle of slope of the spirals 27 in the axial plane towards the drum is between 40 and δθ , preferably between 3 30 and 75 • T e slope, i.e. the pitch of the threads, can also vary along the length of the drun, and this can for example be utilised to optimise the function of the drun in various respects. ^ Example: Harvested crops in the form of grains mixed with chopped straw, husks and similar lighter particles are fed into the trough 5 through the aperture . 10. Proπ. the trough 5 the nixed crop is INAL . . OMPI passed by means of the screw 22 through tube 20 into the centre of drum 2, As a result of rotation of drum 2 the grains and straw are transported rearwards in thread turns 28. When some of the rows I - XI in Fig.3 are reached the fairly nixed bulk material passes by the lifters 2 or 30 in the thread turns which are vacant in the row of lifters concerned, i.e. there is no bulk material there. In accordance with the eπ-bodiment this signifies that the bulk material passes without hindrance in each row of lifters. In the remaining thread turns however, in the region of each row of lifters, the bulk material is blocked by the lifters 29 or 30 and is lifted up by these as drttm 2 rotates. The lifters 29 and 0 empty their contents at a height v/hich corresponds to about ~~ j of the free diameter of the drum 2 (somewhat less for the shorter lifters 29 and somewhat more for the longer lifters 30)• ϊfre expression "free diameter" signi- fies the diameter inside the spirals 27. The material which falls downwards from the lifters 29, 30 towards the base of drum 2 is transported by the air flow in the direction of the air flow, i.e. to the right in Fig. 1 and 3, so that the grain and straw, or the corresponding heavier and lighter fractions respectively ' , end up at different distances from the row of lifters from which the assumed material has been discharged from its holder in accordance with the equations mentioned above. As I. (straw) > a . L > , (grain), the majority of the grains, e.g. β ξσ will land ir- front of the next row. By wa;- of example this can be row VII. Statistically, half of this will be fed baclr,;arcs behind row VI fro:-- which the material has been emptied from its container into the free thread turns in the row involved VI. Almost all the remainder, -C£j,cf the material raised by the lifters in row VI will land between row VII and VIII. Half of this will be fed rearwards in the free thread turns past- " , the lifters in row VHI, whilst the other half will be raised by the lifters in this row VIII and taken by the air flow some distance for¬ wards. Half of the material raised τ~ ~ will thus be raised again in the sane row of lifters. Cn the whole the rearwards feed of the grains will be about 1.3 times greater than the forward feed. In the case of straw which is transported further by the a±r flow, on each occasion when it drops the forward feed towards the discharge aperture up to BAD ORIGINAL , Λι τ OMPI the discharge chamber 3 will normally be severa-1 times greater than the rearward feed, v/hich gives more effective separation whilst at the same time increasing drum capacity. In the last section C^the grain trap, there are no lifters. The distance between the last row of lifters XI and the discharge aper¬ ture for the light fraction at the farther end of the drum is estab¬ lished in such a way that the majority of the straw is discharged directly through the discharge aperture at this end. The material v/hich lands in the grain trap, mainly some straw and other lighter partifeles but also some grain, is fed backwards and is subjected to renewed separation, which finally results in the straw again being fed towards the discharge aperture for the lighter fraction close to the discharge chasber 3» and the grains tovards the chamber 12 in chamber 1. This means that only a small portion of the grains end up in the grain trap C and that the majority of the grains sure fed back extremely rapidly towards chajnber 12 for further transport away through aperture 13 * The sub-divisioning of the lifters 29, 0 into clearly distinct rows I, II, HI ... IX facilitates the dimensioning of the drum 2. This should preferably be dimensioned for a certain type of crop, but to some extent it is possible to adjust the separation of other types of grain by means of the air flow. It should be evident that within, the framev/ork of the following patent claims the invention can deviate from the description provided here. Thus it is possible to envisage tha-t the lifters do not necessarily have to be arranged in rows in the same plane, but instead in groups v/here the lifters can be placed on either side of an assumed plane. In this context it should be evident tliat the lifters in one group can continue directly into a next group in the form of continuous rails through the portion of the drum concerned, or even in such a way that the lifters overlap each other, all presupposing that ~ L. a • L . with the definitions provided above. Furthermore it is feasible that the lifters are not so designed that they totally block the thread turns, but merely- a portion of the thread turns, or that they are provided with apertures or gaps perπ-ittir.^ some of the crop to pass by in the thread turns. BAD ORIGINAL OMPI

Claims: PATΞli? CIAIKS 1. Drum with at least one section for separation of a bulk material into -. heavier and a lighter fraction ' , which drun is arranged to rot¬ ate around its central a-sis at a certain velocity and to be traversed by a flow of air at a certain flow velocity, besides v/hich the drum exhibits at least one discharge aperture for the heavier fraction and at least one discharge aperture for the lighter fraction located fur¬ ther av/ay in the drum, viewed in the direction of air flow, character¬ ised in that the drum(2) in at least one section thereof between the said fiischarge aperture for the heavier fraction and the said discharge aperture for the lighter fraction is provided with rearward-feeding transport -neπ-bers in the forsi of inwardly directed spirals (27) fastened to the inside of the drun su arranged so that during rotation of the drun they transport -r-aterial in the thread turns (28) between the spirals to the rear towards the said discharge aperture for the hea-zer-fraction, also lifters (29, 30) for the bulk material arranged in all thread turns (28) . nd designed as barriers against continued rearward- feed of the bulk riaterial, v/hich lifters sxe arranged in groups (I — XI) along the said portion arotmd the inside of the drun:, and where in each such group a ntn-fcer of the thread turns, but not all, contain lifters, that the groups are t-XTsmged with the sane or different pitch, but that the pitch or distance ( ) between the groups is such and the number of thread turns provided with lifters in at least the majority of the groups is such that during each revolution of the drum on the whole ---ore material of the heavier fraction is fed to the rear through the free thread turns in these groups than is raised up by the lifters in the thread turns in the next following group, viewed in the direction of air flow, which are blocked by lifters and at the air velocity which is matched to the drum dia- meter is blown some distance forward by the air flow when it drops down from the lifter during drun rotation, whilst the lighter fraction is blown further forward so that forward feed of this fraction becomes considerably greater than the rearward feed in the thread turnsβ - OMPI 2. Drum as in claim 1, cliaracterised by the lifters being arranged in rows (I - XI) around the inside of the drum. 3. Drum as in claim 2, characterised in that the axial distance (L) between the said rows or between the centre line of at least the maj¬ ority of the said groups, i.e. the pitch, is greater than the horizon- tal average transport distance ( . ) of the particles appertaining to the heavier fraction during the fall of these particles from the lifters down towards the bottom of the drum, whilst the said distance is less than the horizontal average transport distance (I ) for parti¬ cles appertaining to the lighter fraction, which can also be expressed as . > a . > L. , where a = 1 when alternate thread turns are blocked I m by lifters in the said groups, a *= 2/3 when each third thread turn is blocked, a - ~ when each fourth thread turn is blocked, and so on. km Drum as in claim 2, characterised by the horizontal average transport distances for both fractions being governed by the equation: where v τ = • air velocity in π/s ±1 t -= falling time in seconds g = gravitational acceleration 9»3l r./s v s = the ε-spension velocity of the lighter or heavier part- icle concerned respectively in -_ ■ ideal case, which is the velocity when the air resistance in the ideal case is precisely balanced by the gravitational force of the particle. 5. Drun in accordance wit any of claiss 1 - 3 T characterised by the lifters (2?, 3C) " -.einc placed in not r.ore than each second thread turn (28) in the said .groups. β. Drun in accordance with any of the preceding clai---s, character¬ ised by the spirals forcing εn angle of θ - 0 , preferably -~5 - 13 towcrds the axial plane of t e ≤rur.. OMPI "

Inventors: WERLING KENNETH HUGO LEIF
Applicants: SCANDINAVIAN FARMING AB, WERLING KENNETH HUGO LEIF
Application year: 1982
Main classification: A01F12
IPC codes: A01F12, B07B4, B07B11