PROPHYLACTIC OR THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR BLOAT

Abstract: An agent for prophylaxis or therapy of bloat of rumi­ nants, which contains a sugar fatty acid ester and/or a fatty acid salt as effective ingredient.

Description: Title of the invention Agents for bloat-prevention or bloat-treatment Field of the art The present invention relates to agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment. More particularly, the present invention relates to agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment which comprise saccharide fatty acid ester or/and fatty acid salt. Background of the art Bloat is a disease that a rumen and a reticulum of ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, etc., distend severely due to a fermentative gas accumulating therein. Bloat is one of the most horrible diseases in feeding beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep, etc., because ruminants affected with bloat fall into inappetence to result in the reduction in growth rate or milk yield, and to cite an extreme case, they are suffocated to death. Though there have been various theories in relation to the cause of bloat, the established theory is today that the feeding of much legume or the feeding of much concentrate causes bloat. Namely, it is considered as follows: Much legume being fed, the contents of a rumen become liable to foam owing to the actions of foaming substances, such as saponin, vegetable protein, etc., contained in legume, and a roughage being fed insufficiently and much concentrate being fed, an abnormal fermentation in a rumen, the viscosity increase of a liquid contained therein, etc., become liable to occur, so that in the both cases the exhaustion of gas by eructation is impeded to result in the excessive distensions of a rumen and a reticulum. There are known methods for preventing or treating bloat, for example, (1) a method in which much oil is sprinkled on a pastureland, (2) a method in which the amount of a roughage used together with a concentrate is kept proper in proportion to the amount of the concentrate, (3) a method in which a drinking water or a mineral block, added with a defoaming agent such as silicone, polypropylene glycol (another name: polyoxypropylene glycol), polyoxypropylene/ polyoxyethylene block-copolymer, etc., is always used, (4) a treating method in which a stomach catheter or a trocar is used for exhausting gas, (5) a treating method in which the administration of much defoaming agent such as silicone, polypropylene glycol, polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block-copolymer, mineral oil, vegetable oil, etc., is employed. However, these methods have the following disadvantages respectively: Namely, the method (1) requires much labor and is not economical, because of sprinkling oil on a large pastureland, the method (2) has a problem that this method is inconsistent with a system for fattening beef cattle rapidly by feeding much concentrate, said system being employed in Japan, and it is difficult to obtain excellent results by this method, and the method (4) requires an expert and is attended with a strong possibility of the relapse which is repeated so long as a cause of bloat is not removed. On the other hand, though the methods (3) and (5) can show a considerable good effect, a problem in using most defoaming agents today known is to cause digestion disturbance owing to the long continuous administration of a defoaming agent or owing to the administration of much defoaming agent which is done at a time. Accordingly, it is today expected that an agent with more excellent efficiencies in defoaming effect, etc., and also with an excellent safety', will be produced. Disclosure of the invention In consideration of such circumstances as described above, the present inventors have continued researches and attained the facts that substances comprising saccharide fatty acid ester or/and fatty acid salt have various effects, such as an excellent defoaming effect, an effect lowering viscosity of rumen juice, an effect raising a pH value of said juice, etc., and are further very safe for the living body, so that such substances are suitable as an agent for bloatprevention or-treatment. The above described. findings brought about the present invention. The present invention is explained in detail below. The animals intended for the agents for bloatprevention or -treatment of the present invention are ruminants, such as beef cattle, dairy cattle, young cattle, sheep, goats, etc. Saccharide fatty acid esters which are used for the present invention, are the fatty acid esters of saccharides, to give typical examples, arabinose, xylose, ribose, lyxose, ribulose, xylulose, glucose, galactose, talose, mannose, fructose, sorbose, tagatose, psicose, maltose, isomaltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, trehalose, lactose, sucrose, maltotriose, gentianose, raffinose, stachyose, etc. Monoesters, polyesters, such as diesters, triesters, tetraesters, etc., and the mixtures of two or more of them, are usable: monoester has one ester linkage in one molecule of saccharide fatty acid ester; polyester has two or more ester linkages in one molecule of saccha ride fatty acid ester. Among the saccharide fatty acid esters described above, sucrose fatty acid esters are examples of the saccharide fatty acid esters which are most suitable in the present invention, since they are today easily avail able and also considerably low-priced owing to the indus trial mass-productions. Fatty acids composed of about 6-24 carbons are usually suitable as a fatty acid part of saccharide fatty acid esters. Both of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are usable. Both of fatty acids composed of a straight carbon chain and fatty acids composed of a branced carbon chain are usable. Further, fatty acids with one or more of substituents such as a hydroxyl group, etc., are usable. Fatty acids are not necessarily monobasic acids, and dibasic acids, etc. are also usable. Further, fatty acids are not restricted to fatty acids derived from natural materials such as oils or fats, etc. Synthetic fatty acids are also usable which are produced by the liquid-phase catalytic oxidations of paraffins, the carbonylations of 2-olefins (oxo method), the carboxylations of branched olefins (Koch's method) or other methods. The typical examples of such fatty acids are enumerated as follows: caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, 2-methyltetradecanoic acid, 5-methyltetradecanoic acid, 2,2-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,20-eicosamethylenedicarboxylic acid, etc. The saccharide fatty acid esters above described are not necessarily used respectively alone, and the mixtures of two or more kinds of saccharide fatty acid esters of which the saccharide parts are different, of which the fatty acid parts are different and of which the numbers of the ester linkages are different, etc., are also usable in any mixing ratio. On the other hand, the other ingredient to be used for the present invention is fatty acid salt. The typical examples of fatty acid salts are the salts of various fatty acids described above, enumerated as follows: alkali metal salts such as lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, etc.; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts, calcium salts, barium salts, etc.; various metal salts such as zinc salts, aluminum salts, iron salts, manganese salts, etc.; ammonium salts; organoamine salts such as monoethanolamine salts, diethanolamine salts, triethanolamine salts, etc.; basic amino acid salts such as lysine salts, ornithine salts, arginine salts, histidine salts, hydroxylysine salts, etc., and usually, most of all, alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and basic amino acid salts, etc., are most generally used. As described above in relation to saccharide fatty acid esters, the fatty acid salts above described are respectively usable alone and the mixtures of two or more kinds of fatty acid salts of which the fatty acid parts are different and of which the cation parts are different, are also usable as in the case of using alone. These saccharide fatty acid esters and fatty acid salts can be easily produced by known methods, and the ones produced by any method are usable in the present invention. The typical examples for preparing saccharide fatty acid esters are enumerated as follows: (1) saccharide and fatty acid lower-alkyl ester, for example, fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester, etc., are subjected to alcoholysis in which fatty acid salt, for example, fatty acid sodium salt, fatty acid potassium salt, etc., and a basic catalyst are used in the presence of water or a very safe solvent such as propylene glycol, etc.; (2) saccharide and fatty acid methly ester, fatty acid carbitol ester or fatty acid glyceride (mono-, di- and triglyceride), etc., are subjected to alcoholysis in the presence of fatty acid salt, for example, fatty acid sodium salt, fatty acid potassium salt, etc.; (3) saccharide and fatty acid lower-alkyl ester, or oil or fat (that is, fatty acid triglyceride), are subjected to alcoholysis in the presence of a basic catalyst; (4) saccharide is reacted with fatty acid chloride or fatty acid anhydride. Among these examples especially the examples (1), (2) and (3) are very advantageous, because the crude products prepared by these examples contain saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt (usually, fatty acid alkali metal salt), can be economically produced and are usable in the present invention without purification. On the other hand, fatty acid salts can be easily produced by reacting fatty acid or fatty acid ester, for example, fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester, fatty acid glyceride, etc., with oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, etc., basic amino acid, ammonia or organoamine. The fatty acid salts produced in advance by the above-described methods, etc., are not necessarily used. For example, it is employable to treat as follows: fatty acid and oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate of alkali metal, or basic amino acid, etc., are used in the free state each so that fatty acid salt will be prepared in the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the prevent invention. Employing such methods is within the spirit and scope of the present invention claimed. The single use of saccharide fatty ac-id ester, the single use of fatty acid salt and the combination use of saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt are employable as an efficacious ingredient of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention. In the case of the combination use of saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt, the ratio by weight of saccharide fatty acid ester to fatty acid salt is usually in the- range of 97:3 to 3:97, preferably 95:5 to 5:95, most preferably 90:10 to 10:90. In the present invention, it is not necessarily required that the saccharide fatty acid esters and the fatty acid salts are purified to a high degree. They may contain one or more of substances highly safe for the living body, such as saccharide, fatty acid lower-alkyl ester, fatty acid glyceride (mono-, di- and triglyceride), fatty acid, alkali metal carbonate, basic amino acid, etc., which remain owing to partial unreaction or which may remain in the productions of the saccharide fatty acid esters or the fatty acid salts as in the case of the crude saccharide fatty acid ester described above, and byproducts, such as alcohol, glycerin, etc. The agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention can be used in any forms such as powder, granule, pellet, crumble, cube, tablet, half-wetted, paste, aqueous solution, aqueous suspension, etc. The various forms above described being pre pared, the following materials may be used as a diluting agent: water; wheat flour, starch, dextrin, etc.; widely used materials for feed, for example, cereal grains such as corn, milo (kaoliang), etc.; chaffs and brans such as rice bran, defatted rice bran, wheat bran, etc.; oil meals such as, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, linseed meal, etc.; oils or fats such as beef tallow, soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, fish oil, etc. When the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention are administered to animals, each agent in a form described above may be administered apart from drinking water and feed, or, may be compulsorily injected into a rumen. The addition into drinking water or feed to be given to animals, is generally most convenient. In a feeding system in which pasture is principally used, the agents may be sprinkled on pasture. Though the dose of the agents for bloatprevention or -treatment of the present invention can not be uniformly fixed, because of varying with the factors such as kind, age, body weight, etc., of animals, the proper use of the present agents, namely, using as an agent for prevention or using as an agent for treatment, administration method, an extent of bloat, kind of feeds, etc., the suitable total dose of saccharide fatty acid ester or/and fatty acid salt is usually, for example, when being added into drinking water or feed to be given to animals, approximately 0.005-10 % by weight, preferably 0.01-5 % by weight, most preferably 0.02-3 % by weight to the amount of drinking water or feed which is finally given to animals. In the case that the dose of saccharide fatty acid ester or/and fatty acid salt is less than the lowest limit value described above, it becomes difficult to show sufficiently the effect of the present invention, and the dose exceeding the highest limit value described above do not have any specific effect and are rather uneconomical, so that such uses are not desirable. When the present agents are used for prevention, a sufficient effect can be produced by a continuous administration even if in a relatively low concentration. When the present agents are used for treatment, the effect of the present inven-tion can be produced ina short period by employing a higher concentration than in using for prevention. The agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention are usually used alone and can be naturally used together with a known defoaming agent such as, silicone, polypropylene glycol, polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block-copolymer, oil or fat, etc., or other agent. Having a much more excellent defoaming effect than conventional agents, the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention can prevent foaming of rumen juice of ruminants and can restore a foamed rumen juice to a normal state. Describing in passing, saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt have respectively a considerable good defoaming effect. The combination use of both can produce a more excellent defoaming effect owing to the synergism. The defoaming effect can be more heightenea by using saccharide fatty acid ester or/and fatty acid salt, together with fatty acid glyceride, for example, oil or fat (that is, fatty acid triglyceride), fatty acid monoglyceride, fatty acid diglyceride, etc., or propylene glycol fatty acid ester, etc. The agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention have an e-ffect exhausting immediately a gas produced in a rumen through a mouth out of the body1 because the agents have an action lowering a stable ingesta volume increase value and the viscosity of rumen juice. This stable ingesta volume increase value represents the relative easiness of the exhaustion of a fermentative gas produced in a rumen (lowering of said value means that the" exhaustion of the gas becomes easy). Further, the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention have an action raising a pH value of rumen juice to a-derirable degree. The pH value of the rumen juice of healthy ruminants is usually about 6.5-7.5. However, much concentrate having been fed and bloat having been induced by an abnormal fermentation in a rumen, etc., it is frequently observed that the pH value is liable to be lowered (there are various types of bloats, so that certain bloats show almost the same pH value as in a healthy state) and it is not rare that the pH value lowers down to about 4-5. Further, the extreme lowering of a pH value of rumen juice is a serious problem, because such an extreme lowering of pH value is apt to kill microorganisms in a rumen, such as bacteria, protozoa, etc. The agents of the present invention have an action raising a pH value of rumen juice to a desirable degree. This action keeps or recovers an environment suitable for microorganisms in a rumen and has an effect for preventing or treating bloat together with the above described defoaming action, etc. Furthermore, the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention are very safe for the living body and are also easily metabolized in the living body. Therefore, a long continuous administration to animals and the administration of much amount which is done at a time, do not become a problem in point of safety. As described above, the agents for bloatprevention or -treatment of the present invention have various properties, such as an excellent defoaming effect, an effect lowering viscosity of rumen juice of ruminants, an effect raising the pH value to a desirable degree, etc., and have an excellent safety, and therefore have a high utilizability as an agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment. Hereinafter, the present invention is in detail explained by means of examples, controls and references. Examples 1-6 In order to examine mimetically the administration effects, especially the defoaming effects, of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment-of the present invention against bloat which is frequently induced by the feeding of much legume, the various agents of the present invention comprising saccharide fatty acid ester, shown in Table 1, were severally added into each aqueous saponin solution so as to become each specified concentration (shown in Table 1) to each aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight, and the foamabilities of the resulted solutions were measured. The results were shown in Table 1. The method for measuring the foamability is shown as follows: Method for measuring the foamability The agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention is added into an aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight in a specified amount and mixed. Just and five minutes after foaming treatment at 25 0C or 400C according to Ross & Miles's method (Japanese Industrial Standard JIS K 3362), each resulted foam height (mm) is measured. Controls 1 and 2 The foamabilities of only the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight without any agent for bloatpreVention or -treatment of the present invention, were measured in each control in the same manner as used in examples 1-6 (measured temperature: 250C in control; 400C in control 2). The results were shown in Table 1. Table 1 The composition and the use amount of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention EMI17.1 <SEP> Foamability <SEP> (mm) <tb> Example <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Measurement <SEP> Five <tb> or <SEP> Kind <SEP> of <SEP> saccharide <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> temperature <SEP> Just <SEP> minutes <tb> Control <SEP> esters <SEP> weight) <SEP> ( C) <SEP> after <SEP> after <tb> Example <SEP> 1 <SEP> Sucrose <SEP> hydrogenated <SEP> beef <SEP> 0.25 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 35 <SEP> 29 <tb> <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 70 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> <SEP> (di-: <SEP> : <SEP> 30 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> Example <SEP> 2 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 56 <SEP> 45 <tb> Example <SEP> 3 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 32 <SEP> 25 <tb> Example <SEP> 4 <SEP> Sucrose <SEP> palm <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 24 <tb> <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 50 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> <SEP> (di- <SEP> : <SEP> 30 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> <SEP> (tri- <SEP> : <SEP> 20 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> Example <SEP> 5 <SEP> Raffinose <SEP> beef <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> 0.25 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 31 <SEP> 22 <tb> <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 60 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> <SEP> (di- <SEP> : <SEP> 30 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> <SEP> (tri- <SEP> : <SEP> 10 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight) <tb> Example <SEP> 6 <SEP> Maltotriose <SEP> mono-palmitic <SEP> 0.25 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 22 <tb> <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> Control <SEP> 1 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 220 <SEP> 195 <tb> Control <SEP> 2 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 228 <SEP> 204 <tb> Reference 1 A commercially available agent for bloatprevention (polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene blockcopolymer, molecular weight: 1250, the content of polyoxyethylene parts: 20 %) was added so as to become 0.25 % by weight in the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight. The foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 1-6 (measured temperature: 250C). The foamability was 65 mm (just after foaming treatment) and 57 mm (five minutes after foaming treatment). Reference 2 The same commercially available agent for bloat-prevention as used in reference 1, was added so as to become 0.05 % by weight in the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight. The foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 1-6 (measured temperature: 250C). The foamability was 172 mm (just after foaming treatment) and 152 mm (five minutes after foaming treatment). Example 7 Ten Holstein bullocks weighing about 450 kg were divided into two groups (test group and control group) respectively consisting of five Holstein bullocks, and feeding trials were carried out by feeding (free feeding) the respective concentrates with each composition shown in Table 2 to the groups for four weeks. As the result, in the control group the abdomens of two bullocks distended extremely intermittingly and a slight bloat appeared, but in the test group all bullocks were not affected with bloat. Further, at the second week and at the fourth week in the testing period, rumen juices were collected from all bullocks to measure the viscosities. The average viscosities were 9.4 cp/250C in the test group and 15.1 cp/25oC in the control group (each is an average of the measured values at the second week and at the fourth week)-. Table 2 Compositions of given concentrates (parts by weight) EMI20.1 <tb> <SEP> Sucrose <SEP> hydrogenated <SEP> beef <tb> <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> Basic <SEP> feed <SEP> monoester: <SEP> 70 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight <tb> <SEP> (Note <SEP> 1) <SEP> diester <SEP> : <SEP> 30 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight <SEP> <tb> Test <SEP> 100 <SEP> 1 <tb> group <tb> Control <SEP> 100 <SEP> 0 <tb> group <tb> Note 1. DCP (digestible crude protein): 9.3 % TDN (total digestible nutrient):76 % Examples 8-13 In order to examine mimetically the administration effects, especially the defoaming effects, of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention against bloat which is frequently induced by the feeding of much legume the various agents of the present invention comprising fatty acid salt, shown in Table 5, were severally added into each aqueous saponin solution so as to become each specified concentration (shown in Table 3) to each aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight, and the foamabilities of the resulted solutions were measured0 The results were shown in Table 3. The method for measuring the foamability is shown as follows: Method for measuring the foamability The same method as shown in examples 1-6 was used. Controls 3 and 4 Controls 3 and 4 were carried out in the same manner as in controls 1 and 2, provided that. the measured temperature was 250C in control 3 and 400 in control 4. The results were shown in Table 3. Reference 3 A commercially available agent for bloat-prevention (polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block-copolymer, molecular weight: 1250, the content of polyoxyethylene parts: 20 %) was added so as to become 0.25 % by weight in the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight. The foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 8-13 (measured temperature: 25 C). The foamability was 65 mm (just after foaming teatment) and 57 mm (five minutes after foaming treatment). Table 3 The composition and the use amount of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention Foamability (mm) Example Conc. Measurement Five or Kind of fatty acid salts (% by temperature Just minutes Control weight) ( C) after after Example 8 Stearic acid potasium 0.25 25 40 31 salt Example 9 Ditto 0.25 40 35 27 Example 10 Beef tallow fatty acid 0.25 40 41 30 sodium salt Example 11 Ditto 0.10 40 58 40 Example 12 Beef tallow L-lysin salt 0.25 40 47 35 Example 13 Palm oil fatty acid L- 0.25 40 42 30 arginine salt Control 3 25 220 195 Control 4 40 228 204 Example 14 Ten Holstein bullocks weighing about 450 kg were divided into two groups (test group and control group) respectively consisting of five Holstein bullocks, and feeding trials were carried out by feeding (free feeding) the respective concentrates with each composition shown in Table 4 to the groups for four weeks. As the result in the control group the abdomens of two bullocks distended extremely intermittingly and a slight bloat appeared, but in the test group all bullocks were not affected with bloat. Further, at the second week and at the fouth week in the testing period, rumen juices were collected from all bullocks to measure the pH values. The average viscosities were 7.2 in the test group and 6.5 in the control group (each is an average value of the measured values at the second week and at the fourth week). Table 4 Compositions of given concentrates (parts by weight) Basic feed Beef tallow fatty acid (Note 1) 'potassium'salt Test 100 2 group Control 100 0 group Note 1. DCP (digestible crude protein): 9.5 % TDN (total digestible nutrient): 76 Examples 15-28 In order to examine mimetically the administration effects, especially the defoaming effects, of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention against bloat which is frequently induced by the feeding of much legume, the various agents of the present invention comprising saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt, shown in Table 5, were saverally and fatty acid salt, shown in Table 5, were severally added into each aqueous saponin solution so as to become each specified concentration (shown in Table 5) to each aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight, and the foamabilities of the resulted solutions were measured (proviso: in each case of examples 25-28, the crude product prepared by the reaction, which contains fatty acid glyceride, sucrose, glycerin, etc., besides saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt, was added, and then the foamabilities were measured). The results were shown in Table 5. The method for measuring the foamability is shown as follows: Method for measuring the foamability The same method as shown in examples 1-6 was used. Controls 5 and 6 Controls 5 and 6 were carried out in the same manner as in controls 1 and 2, provided that the measured temperature was 2500 in control 5 and 400C in control 6. The results were shown in Table 5. Control 7 Only saccharide fatty acid ester was added into an aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight and the foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 15-28' (measured temperature: 250C). The results were shown in Table 5. Control 8 Only fatty acid salt was added into an aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight and the foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 15-28 (measured temperature: 250C). The results were shown in Table 5. Reference 4 A commercially available agent for bloat-prevention (polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block-copolymer, molecular weight: 1250,,the content of polyoxyethylene parts: 20 %) was added so as to become 0.25 % by weight in the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 fio by weight. The foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examplesl5-28 (measured' temperature: 250C). The foamability was 65 mm (just after foaming teatment) and 57 mm (five minutes after foaming treatment). Reference 5 The same commercially available agent for bloat-prevention as used in reference 4, was added so as to become 0.05 % by weight in the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight. The foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 15-28 (measured temperature: 250C). The foamability was 172 mm (just after foaming treatment) and 152 mm (five minutes after foaming treatment). Table 5 The composition and the use amount of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention EMI27.1 <SEP> Saccharide <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <SEP> Fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> salt <tb> <SEP> (Note <SEP> 1) <SEP> (Note <SEP> 2) <SEP> Foamability <SEP> (mm) <tb> Example <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Measurement <SEP> Five <tb> or <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> temperature <SEP> Just <SEP> minutes <tb> Control <SEP> Kind <SEP> weight) <SEP> Kind <SEP> weight) <SEP> ( C) <SEP> after <SEP> after <tb> Example <SEP> Sucrose <SEP> hydrogenated <SEP> 0.20 <SEP> Stearic <SEP> acid <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 23 <SEP> 23 <SEP> 20 <tb> 15 <SEP> beef <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> potassium <SEP> salt <tb> <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 70 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> <SEP> (di-: <SEP> 30 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.20 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 22 <SEP> 19 <tb> 16 <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.20 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 23 <SEP> 21 <tb> 17 <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.20 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 24 <SEP> 22 <tb> 18 <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.033 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.017 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 21 <SEP> 18 <tb> 19 <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.017 <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.033 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 23 <SEP> 20 <tb> 20 <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 0.20 <SEP> Coconut <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 16 <SEP> 12 <tb> 21 <SEP> sodium <SEP> salt <tb> Table 5 (continued from page 27) The composition and the use amount of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention EMI28.1 <SEP> Saccharide <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <SEP> Fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> salt <tb> <SEP> (Note <SEP> 1) <SEP> (Note <SEP> 2) <SEP> Foamability <SEP> (mm) <tb> Example <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Measurement <SEP> Five <tb> or <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> temperature <SEP> Just <SEP> minutes <tb> Control <SEP> Kind <SEP> weight) <SEP> Kind <SEP> weight) <SEP> ( C) <SEP> after <SEP> after <tb> Example <SEP> Sucrose <SEP> beef <SEP> tallow <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> Palmitic <SEP> acid <SEP> L- <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 20 <tb> 22 <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <SEP> lysin <SEP> salt <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 65% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> <SEP> (di-: <SEP> 30% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> <SEP> (tri-: <SEP> 5% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> Example <SEP> Raffinose <SEP> beef <SEP> 0.15 <SEP> Oleic <SEP> acid <SEP> sodium <SEP> 0.10 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 14 <SEP> 9 <tb> 23 <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> salt <tb> <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 60% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> <SEP> (di-: <SEP> 30% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> <SEP> (tri-: <SEP> 10% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> Example <SEP> Maltotriose <SEP> mono- <SEP> 0.10 <SEP> Beef <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 15 <tb> 24 <SEP> palmitic <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <SEP> acid <SEP> sodium <SEP> salt <tb> Example <SEP> The <SEP> crude <SEP> product <SEP> (Note <SEP> 3) <SEP> prepared <SEP> by <SEP> subjectting <SEP> sucrose <SEP> 25 <SEP> 0 <SEP> 0 <tb> 25 <SEP> and <SEP> beef <SEP> tallow <SEP> to <SEP> alcoholysis <SEP> in <SEP> which <SEP> potassium <tb> <SEP> carbonate <SEP> is <SEP> used <SEP> as <SEP> a <SEP> catalyst, <SEP> was <SEP> added <SEP> so <SEP> as <SEP> to <SEP> become <tb> <SEP> 0.25 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight. <tb> Example <SEP> Ditto <SEP> 40 <SEP> 0 <SEP> 0 <tb> 26 <tb> Example <SEP> The <SEP> same <SEP> crude <SEP> product <SEP> as <SEP> used <SEP> in <SEP> examples <SEP> 24 <SEP> and <SEP> 25, <SEP> was <SEP> 25 <SEP> 11 <SEP> 0 <tb> 27 <SEP> added <SEP> so <SEP> as <SEP> to <SEP> become <SEP> 0.05% <SEP> by <SEP> weight. <tb> Table 5 (continued from page 28) The composition and the use amount of the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention EMI29.1 <SEP> Saccharide <SEP> fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <SEP> Fatty <SEP> acid <SEP> salt <tb> <SEP> (Note <SEP> 1) <SEP> (Note <SEP> 2) <SEP> Foamability <SEP> (mm) <tb> Example <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Conc. <SEP> Measurement <SEP> Five <tb> or <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> (% <SEP> by <SEP> temperature <SEP> Just <SEP> minutes <tb> Control <SEP> Kind <SEP> weight) <SEP> Kind <SEP> weight) <SEP> ( C) <SEP> after <SEP> after <tb> Example <SEP> The <SEP> same <SEP> crude <SEP> product <SEP> as <SEP> in <SEP> examples <SEP> 24 <SEP> and <SEP> 25, <SEP> was <SEP> 40 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 0 <tb> 28 <SEP> added <SEP> so <SEP> as <SEP> to <SEP> become <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> % <SEP> by <SEP> weight. <tb> Control <SEP> 25 <SEP> 220 <SEP> 195 <tb> 5 <tb> Control <SEP> 40 <SEP> 228 <SEP> 204 <tb> 6 <tb> Control <SEP> Sucrose <SEP> hydrogenated <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 56 <SEP> 45 <tb> 7 <SEP> beef <SEP> tallow <SEP> fatty <tb> <SEP> acid <SEP> ester <tb> <SEP> (mono-: <SEP> 70% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> <SEP> (di-: <SEP> 30% <SEP> by <SEP> w.) <tb> Control <SEP> Stearic <SEP> acid <SEP> 0.05 <SEP> 25 <SEP> 212 <SEP> 183 <tb> 8 <SEP> potassium <SEP> salt <tb> Notes 1 and 2. All the concentrations mean each concentration of saccharide fatty acid ester or fatty acid salts in an aqueous saponin solution of 0.255 by weight (proviso: the concentration of the crude product prepared by the reaction was shown in each of examples 25-28). Note 3. The crude product prepared by the reaction, which cmprises sucrose beef tallow fatty acid ester 30% by weight (monoester/diester=65/35 weight raio), beef tallow fatty acid potassium salt 25% by weight, beef tallow fatty acid glyceride 20% by weight ( the total amount of mono-, di-, and triglyceride) and others 24% by weight (sucrose, glycerin, etc.), was used in example 25-28. Reference 6 A commercially available agent for bloat-prevention (polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block-copolymer, molecular weight: 2000, the content of polyoxyethylene parts: 50 %) was added so as to become 0-.25 % by weight in the aqueous saponin solution of 0.25 % by weight. The foamabilities of the resulted solution were measured in the same manner as in examples 15-28 (measured temperature: 250c). The foamability was 185 mm (just after foaming treatment) and 168 mm (five minutes after foaming treatment). Examples 29-31 It is shown by the following experiments that a fermentative gas is easily exhausted by adding the agents for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention into rumen juice of-a ruminant. ExPeriment method Rumen juices are collected from three sheep affected with bloat artificially by feeding a bloatproducing feed (described in "D. R. Jacobson et al., Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 16, pages 515-524 (1957)", comprising 61 % barley, 22 % alfalfa meal, 16 % soybean meal and 1 % NaC±)., These rumen juices are mixed together and used as the rumen juice in this experiments. Then, every 200 mt of this mixture is poured into 500 ml measuring cylinders and thereinto the agent for bloatprevention or -treatment of the present invention is added in each specified amount. Thereafter each resulted mixture is incubated at 390C for one hour in an incubator and further incubated with stirring by a glass rod every five minutes for one hour and the volume increase ratio (%) of the rumen juice in the measuring'cylinder is measured, and the value of this ratio is used as the sable ingesta volume increase (referred to as Stable IVI hereinafter). Stable IVI teaches that the smaller Stable IVI becomes, the easier exhausting a fermentative gas out of rumen juice becomes. Experiment conditions and results The experiment conditions and results were shown in Table 6. In the present experiments, the agent for bloatprevention or -treatment of the present invention is the crude product prepared by subjecting sucrose and beef tallow to alcoholysis in which potassium carbonate is used as a catalyst and said crude product is the same as used in examples 25-28. Control 9 Stable IVI of only the rumen juice without the agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment of the present invention was measured in the same manner as in examples 29-31. The result was shown in Table 6. Example 32 Eighteen Holstein bulls of eight weeks old were divided into three groups respectively consisting of six Holstein bulls, and feeding trials were carried out by feeding the respective feeds with each composition shown in Table 7 to the groups for five weeks (namely, till thirteen weeks old). Besides the respective feeds with each composition shown in Table 7, hay was fed as a roughage to the bulls of all groups at the rate of about 0.3 kg/day/bull (this amount corresponds to about one-tenth each feeding amount of the feeds shown in Table 7). During the test period, the rumen juices of the bulls of all groups were collected at 10 and 13 weeks old, and the viscosities and the pH values were measured. The averages of viscosities and pH values of these rumen juices in each group were calculated and shown in Table 7. Table 6 Agent for bloat-prevention or -tratment of the present invention Concentration Example to the rumen or juice Stable IVI Control Kind (% by weight) (%) Example The same crude prod- 0.5 21 29 uct as used in examples 25-28 Example Ditto 1 19 30 Example Ditto 2 20 31 Control 47 9 Table 7 Ingredients and mixing ratio (parts by weight) in each given feed State of each rumen juice Group 1 2 3 Division Test No. 1 Test No. 2 Control Commercially available 100 100 100 feed for young cattle (Note 1) Agent for bloatprevention or -treatment invention (Note 2) Viscosity 7.7 9.5 13.5 (cp/25 C) pH 7.1 6.7 6.5 Note 1. DCP (digestible crude protein): 18 % TDN (total digestibe nutrient): 68 % Note 2. The same crude product as used in example 25-31, was used, Example 33 Ten Holstein bullocks weighing about 450 kg were divided into two groups (test group and control group) respectively consisting of five Holstein bullocks, and feeding trials were carried out by feeding (free feeding) the respective concentrates with each composition shown in Table 8 to the groups for four weeks. As the result, in the control group the abdomens of two bullocks distended extremely intermittingly and a slight bloat appeared, but in the test group all bullocks were not affected with bloat. Table 8 Com ositions of given concentrates (arts by weight) Agent for bloat-prevention Basic feed or -treatment of the (Note 1) present invention (Note 2) Test 100 0.5 group Control 100 0 group Note 1. DCP (digestible crude protein): 9.3 % TDN (total digestible nutrient): 76 % Note 2. The same crude product as used in examples 25-32, was used. Example 34 Twenty five g of the same crude product as used in examples 25-33 was diluted tenfold with water, the obtained crude product solution was compulsorily administered perorally into one bullock with a chronic serious bloat (Holstein bullock weighing about 500 kg, fed by a system in which much concentrate is fed), and then the change of his girth with the passage of time was measured. The results in Table 9 shown below were obtained. One hour after the administration, the distension of his abdomen vanished thoroughly and he was restored to health. Table 9 Time after the administration Girth (hour) (cm) 0 260 )5 241 1.0 230 Example 35 Fifty g of the same crude product as used in examples 25-34, was diluted tenfold with water, the obtained crude product solution was compulsorily administered perorally into one bullock with a chronic serious bloat (Japanese black-haired bullock, weight: about 500 kg), and then the change of his girth with the passage of time, was measured. The results in Table 10 shown below were obtained, and the effect of treating bloat was shown clearly. Table 10 Time after the administration Girth (hour) (cm) 0 235 1.0 217 Example 36 One Japanese brown-haired bullock (weight: about 650 kg) equipped with a fistula was fed with 8 kg/day of a feed (1) (the same bloat-producing feed as used in examples 29-31, comprising 61 r barley, 22 ffi alfalfa meal, 16 % soybean meal and 1 % Nazi,) for two weeks and thereafter consequtively fed with 8 kg/day of a feed (2) (the feed that the same crude product as used in examples 25-35 was added into the feed (1) in an amount of 1 %) for two weeks as in the case of the feed (1). The rumen juices were collected 4, 8, 11 and 14 days after the start of each feeding and the viscosities and Stable IVIs of them were measured. The other observations were also carried out. The results were shown in Table 11. These results showed that the agent of the present invention has a remarkable effect on bloat-prevention. Table 11 Stats of the rumen juice (*) Viscosity (cp) Befor After Stable Feeding filtration filtration IVI Other Feed given period (**) (***) (%) observation Feed (1) 2 weeks 12.1 6.2 6.0 The fistula was (only the bloatproducing feed) Feed (2) (the bloat-producing Ditto 7.8 3.9 0 Without any feed +1 % the trouble. agent of the present invention) Note: * The average value of four times (4, 8, 11 and 14 days after) ** The measurements were carried out before filtration with double gauzes. ***The measurements were carried out after the elimination of administration with double gauzes.

Claims: WHAT IS CLAIMED IS 1. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment comprising saccharide fatty acid ester or/and fatty acid salt. 2. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester is sucrose fatty acid ester. 3. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester is raffinose fatty acid ester. 4. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the saccharide fatty acid ester is maltotriose fatty acid ester. 5. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt is fatty acid alkali metal salt. 6. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fatty acid salt is fatty acid basic amino acid salt. 7. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 1, which comprises crude product comprising at least saccharide fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt, which crude product is prepared by subjecting saccharide and fatty acid lower-alkyl ester or fatty acid triglyceride to alcoholysis in the presence of a basic catalyst, or which comprises a mixture of which the composition is similar to that of said crude product. 8. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 7, which comprises crude product comprising at least sucrose fatty acid ester and fatty acid salt, which crude product is prepared by subjecting sucrose and oil or fat to alcoholysis in the presence of a basic catalyst, or which comprises a mixture of which the composition is similar to that of said crude product. 9. An agent for bloat-prevention or -treatment as claimed in claim 8, wherein the oil or fat is beef tallow.

Inventors: KAWASHIMA, RYOJI, MASUDA, TAKAYOSHI, USAGAWA, TOMOYA, WATANABE, YOSHIMOTO
Applicants: MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, INCORPORATED
Application year: 1982
Main classification: A61K31
IPC codes: A61K31, C07H13