CONTAINER FOR SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIQUIDS

Abstract: A container for holding a small quantity of liquid. The container comprises an elongated housing having (10) a fluid receptacle (18) disposed in the upper end (12) thereof. The dimensions of the receptacle are substantially less than the overall dimensions of the housing (10), thereby facilitating the handling of the container and inhibiting evaporation of the liquid therein.

Description: CONTAINER FOR SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIQUIDS Background of the Invention 5 Biological fluids are routinely analyzed in hospital clinical laboratories to aid in the diagnosis of disease and to provide critical information about a patient's well-being. The constituents of blood, lymph, urine, or products derived therefrom provide meaningful patient health information to a clinician or physician. Since physicians are becoming increasingly dependent on clinical 10 laboratory analyses for the diagnosis of disease and the monitoring of therapy, improved reliability and efficiency of these procedures is mandatory. Automa¬ tion of the chemical analysis of biological fluid constituents has solved a great many of the problems associated with conducting reliable and efficient analyses; however, automated analysis has created its own dilemmas for 15 the clinician. Since the handling and processing of a large number of fluid samples on a continuous basis with a rapid turnaround or completion time is required, many of the automated clinical analyzers presently available have been designed to monitor the chemical analyses rapidly. However, the processing of the biological fluid and its manipulation prior to delivery .- 20 to the analyzer significantly retards the rate of the overall analysis. The processing and manipulation steps generally include the eentrifugation of blood or filtration of biological fluids followed by serial dilutions and trεinsf er to a cuvette or sample container. 25 Biological fluids, such -as blood, are usu.ally collected in a standard collection tube. Conventional blood collection tubes used in many hospitals and clinics are elongated cylindrical containers having an opening at one " Λ end fitted with a resilient stopper, and a rounded or flat bottom at the other end. The most common size of these blood collection tubes accommodates 30 10 milliliters of blood or other biological fluid. Illustrative of such blood collection tubes is the VACUTAINER* brand sold by Becton-Diekinson ( ♦ Reg¬ istered Trademark of Becton-Diekinson). A phlembotomist first obt-ains a specimen of a patient's blood, appropriately labels the patient's specimen, and delivers the specimen to the clinical laboratory for analysis. The plasma or serum derived therefrom is processed and analyzed either manually, semϊ- automatϊcally, or automatically. In the majority of cases, the specimen must first be dispensed from the collection tube to a sample test tube or cuvette as described above. Furthermore, in certain instances where only minute quantities of biological fluid are available for analysis, such as in pediatric or geriatric analysis, the fluid cannot be collected and stored in large specimen tubes as described above because the sample level in such containers would not be adequate for retrieval prior to analysis. Such small quantities of fluids also have a tendency to significantly evaporate when stored in large containers, thus concentrating the chemical and enzymatic constituents therein. This results in erroneous analytical results and could possibly affect the diagnosis and treatment given the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to employ small- volume containers which inhibit evaporation or the storage and delivery of minute fluid samples in the clinical chemistry laboratory. Although various fluid-containers are available for this purpose, their small overall size and shape make handling extremely cumbersome. Furthermore, their use in conventional storage racks designed for loading into automatic ehemϊcal analyzers is precluded because of their small dimensions. Certain automated chemical analyzers are capable of utilizing standard- sized conventional specimen containers as a means for introducing a patient's specimen into the analyzer. However, they are not equipped to handle specimen containers designed to hold small quantities of fluid. Therefore, one such instrument manufacturer requires that a separate sample cup be placed in the top of a standard-sized 10 milliliter collection tube for withdrawal of specimen and delivery to the analyzer. This creates several drawbacks for the rapid and reliable processing of a patient's specimen. One problem being the additional error-prone and time-consuming step of transferring the specimen from the specimen container to the sample cup, and another being the size requirements of the sample cups which contributes to significant evaporation of smaller fluid samples and which do not permit handling of small or micro quantities of fluid sample. Arrangements such as this are also prone to sample spillage due to dislodge ments of the sample cup from the top of the container. Heretofore, a micro-container for holding minute quantities of biological fluids, which could simultaneously be easily manipulated and employed in both conventional and automatic storage racks, has not been available. Summary of Invention In accordance with the present invention, disclosed is a container for holding a small quantity of liquid, said container comprising an elongated housing having top and bottom end portions; and a fluid receptacle disposed at said top portion formed integral with said housing, the dimensions of said receptacle being substantially less than the dimensions of said housing. Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a side plan view of a standard-sized sample container con¬ structed in accordance with the prior art; Figure 2 is a side plan view of a container for small quantities of liquids constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a partial, side sectional view of the container shown in ■ Figure 2 taken along line 3-3 thereof; Figure 4 is a top view of the container shown in Figure 2; Figure 5 is a side plan view of an alternate embodiment of a container for small quantities of liquids constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 6 is a partial, side sectional view of the container shown in Figure 5 taken along line 6-6 thereof; Figure 7 is a top view of the container shown in Figure 5; Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment A micro-container has been developed in accordance with the present invention which overcomes the above-described problems associated with known containers designed for holding small sample volumes. The micro- container of the present invention is not only useful for storage of biological fluids in conventional test tube storage racks, but is also useful in storage racks especially designed for use in automated chemical analyzers since their overall dimensions are similar to those of standard blood collection tubes. Furthermore, the micro-containers of the present invention are easily handled by a laboratory technician, resulting in a rapid and reliable processing of fluid specimens for analysis. Although containers of various shapes are contemplated in accordance with the present invention, the preferred containers are cylindrical. As shown in Figures 2 through 7, the preferred micro-container of the present invention comprises an elongated cylindrical housing 10 having a top 12 and bottom 14 end portion and general dimensions similar to the standard sample collection tube 15 shown in Figure 1. Thus, the clinician is .able to conveniently grasp the micro-container by its elongated housing portion 10 as he or she would a conventional container. This facilitates overall processing of the fluid samples since a clinician routinely handles a large number of tubes in a single day, and thus his efficient operation is not hampered by the manip¬ ulation of small, odd-sized containers. The elongated housing also provides an adequate area for positioning of labels or other means of identification . on the container to facilitate positive sample identification in an automated clinical analyzer. In addition, the elongated cylindrical housing acts as a permanent support for the micro-container such that tipping of the container and subsequent spillage of precious sample is avoided. Disposed at the top end portion 12 of the elongated cylindrical housing 10 is a fluid receptacle 18, for holding small quantities of liquid. In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 2-4, the receptacle 18 comprises and open-topped enclosure member 20 projecting upwardly from the top 12 of the housing 10. In this embodiment, the receptacle includes an upstanding cylindrical wall portion 22 extending from the top 12 of said housing 10, and a curved, preferably concave bottom portion 24 adjacent OMH to and integral with the bottom portion of cylindrical enclosure member 20. The dimensions of the receptacle are substantially less than the dimen¬ sions of said housing 10, and preferably has a cross-sectional area substantially smaller than that of the housing in order to inhibit evaporation. In the pre- ferred embodiment, enclosure member 20 has an inner volume of approximately 0.6 cubic centimeters to approximately 1.2 cubic centimeters. Furthermore, the wall portion 22 of enclosure member 20 is preferably high enough to contain small amounts of sample at the bottom-most portion thereof and still have enough head space to avoid spillage or evaportion of said sample. In one use of the present invention, this head space is also necessary for determining the meniscus level of the fluid contained therein. Generally, the liquid volume size of enclosure member 20 will be less than 1 milliliter. In the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 5-7, the fluid receptacle 18 comprises a cavity 26 formed within and integral with the top end 12 of the cylindrical housing 10. The cavity 26 includes a cylindrical wall portion 28 depending downwardly into the housing 10 and extending from a horizontal top wall portion 30 of said housing, and a curved, preferably concave bottom portion 32 adjacent to and integral with the bottom of portion of said cylindrical cavity. Again, the dimensions of the cavity are substantially less than the dimensions of said housing and preferably the cross-sectional area of the cavity is substantially smaller than that of the housing. The depth of the cavity walls 28 can be increased substantially more than the height of the wall portion 22 of enclosure member 20 of the alternate embodiment described above since the overall height of the container need not be changed. An additional advantage of the embodiment in Figures 5 and 6 of present invention is that the shoulder region 34 between the receptacle and housing as shown in Figures 2 and 3 is eliminated. Although this would not affect the use of the containers in most procedures, it has been found that the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6 is more ideally suited for use in automated chemical analyzers such as described in co-pending application Serial Number , filed July , 1981. In that application, a level-sensing device is disclosed which controls the elevation of the liquid level 36 in the sample containers to a predetermined height. The elevation of the containers to this predetermined height facilitates the dispensing of the sample from the container to the cuvettes in the chemical analyzer. Associated with the level-sensing device is an optical means for determining the height of the air-fluid interface or meniseus level 36 in the container. The micro-container shown in Figures 2-4 has an additional interface or shoulder 34 between the open-topped enclosure 20 and the cylindrical housing 10 which may produce a false signal by deflecting the path of the light beam to the optical means. This potential problem can been eliminated with the use of the micro-container shown in Figures 5-7 since this additional interface or shoulder 35 is eliminated. In addition, this shoulder may also interf er with the mechanical handling of the micro-container by the automated instru¬ ment. For cost reasons the micro-containers of the present invention may be formed by injection molding of polystyrene or other suitable plastics, although other non-plastic materials are also suitable for forming the micro- containers. The container of one embodiment of the present invention must be capable of transmitting light, and preferably has a polished upper portion 40 so as to efficiently transmit light without scattering thereof. Furthermore, it may also be desirable to form the micro-container of glass or other such non-permeable material so that the sample may be directly vacuum drawn therein. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overall dimensions of the micro-container permit it to be used in auto- mated clinical analyzers which are designed to employ conventional blood . - collection tubes, and the smaller cross-sectional dimension of the receptacle prevents evaporation of fluid due to currents of air passing thereover. Thus, the receptacle should preferably have su ficient depth to minimize the con¬ vention of air, and in keeping with the micro-sample requirements, the diameter of the receptacle should be substantially smaller than that of the housing to insure an adequate fluid height for dispensing of specimen therefrom. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrated in Figures 5-7, the overall diameter of housing 10 is about 0.625 inches, and it has a height of about 4.0 inches. The horizontal wall portion 30 of the housing has a length of 0.188 inches, and the corresponding diameter of fluid receptacle 18 is about 0.250 inches. The length of the downwardly depending cylindrical wall portion 28 of the cavity is about 1.3 inches. The present invention has been described in detail in terms of the preferred embodiments; however, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims: IN THE CLAIMS: 1. A container for holding a small quantity of liquid, said con¬ tainer comprising: an elongated housing having top and bottom end portions; and a fluid receptacle disposed at said top portion and integral with said housing, the dimensions of said receptacle being substantially less than the dimensions of said housing. 2. The container of Claim 1 wherein the fluid receptacle com¬ prises and open-topped enclosure member projecting upwardly from the top of the housing. 3. The container of Claim 1 wherein the fluid receptacle comprises a cavity within said housing, said cavity depending downwardly from the top of said housing. 4. The container of Claim 1 wherein the housing further comprises a horizontal top wall portion extending inwardly from the sides of said housing to the outer edge portion of said receptacle, and said receptacle further comprises an open-topped enclosure member projecting upwardly therefrom. 5. The container of Claim 1 wherein the housing further comprises a horizontal top wall portion extending inwardly from the sides of said housing to the outer edge portion of said receptacle, and said receptacle further comprises and downwardly depending cavity within said housing. 6. The container of Claim 4 or 5 wherein the receptacle is cylin¬ drical. 7. The container of Claim 4 or 5 wherein both the receptacle and the housing are cylindrical. 8. The container of Claim 5 wherein said housing is cylindrical and said cavity comprises a cylindrical wall portion depending downwardly into the housing having a concave bottom portion. OMPI 9. The container of Claim 4 wherein said container is constructed of optically-transmissive plastic having a polished upper portion which mimmizes the scattering of light therethrough. 10. The container of Claim 8 wherein said container is constructed of optically-transmissive plastic having a polished upper portion which mimmizes the scattering of light therethrough. 11. The container of Claim 10 wherein the housing has a diameter of about 0.625 inches, and a height of about 4.0 inches; the horizontal wall portion has a length of about 0.188 inches; and the length of the downwardly depending cylindrical wall portion of the cavity has a length of about 1.3 inches. 12. A container for holding a small quantity of liquid, said container comprising: an elongated cylindrical housing having top and bottom end portionsj and a cylindrical fluid receptacle disposed at said top portion, wherein said receptacle comprises a cavity within said housing, said cavity depending downwardly from the top of said housing and having a diameter substantially less than the diameter of said housing. 13. The container of Claim 12 wherein the container is constructed of optically-transmissive plastic having a polished upper portion which minimizes the scattering of light therethrough. 14. The container of Claim 13 wherein the housing has a diameter of about 0.625 inches, and a height of about 4.0 inches; the diameter of the cavity is about 0.250 inches and the depth of said cavity is about 1.3 inches.

Inventors: HSEI PAUL K, LISTON MAX D, HSEI, PAUL, K., LISTON, MAX, D.
Applicants: AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORP, AMERICAN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CORPORATION
Application year: 1982
Main classification: G01N1
IPC codes: B01L3, G01N1