A NEW INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION, PROCESSES FOR ITS PRODUCTION AND ITS USE

Abstract: The invention relates to new insecticidal compositions consisting of one or more insecticidally active substances and one or more certain phospholipides in addition to stan­ dard vehicles, diluents, solvents and/or other inert auxilia­ ries, the ratio by weight of the mixture of insecticidally active substances to the phospholipide or mixture of phos­ pholipides amounting to between 1 : 0.2 and 1 : 20. The in­ vention also relates to processes for controlling insects using these compositions and to processes for their produc­ tion.

Description: A new insecticidal compositions, processes for its production and its use This invention relates to a new insecticidal composition, to processes for its production and to its use. In plant cultivation, numerous chewing and sucking insects cause serious production losses, particularly in the case of cotton, rice, cereal crops, potatoes, fruit, vegetables and vines. The now commonplace intensive. cultivation in one-crop systems with highly productive crops is jointly responsible for the often rapid development and propagation of numerous injurious insects. Harvested crops also require protection against insect infestation during storage and transportation. In order to control insects, it is now essential to use chemical , rsect control agents. A large number of chemical substances have been used for controlling inspects. However, insecticides currently in use are still attended by some as yet unsolved problems. Chemical Insecticides often have to be used in high concentrations and, as a result, can become a source of toxic pollution to the environment. The poor solubility of some insecticides, particularly in water, makes it necessary to use toxic organic solvents. In addition most chemical insecticides cannot always develop their full activity because tey do no adhere sufficiently to the plants to be protected. Accordingly, they have to be used in high concentrations so that a sufficiently large quantity of insecticide remains on the plant or in the treated soil for a sufficiently long period. Another requirement is ease of handling both during production and also during application. It has now surprisingly beten found that the quantity of insecticide per hectare of cultivated area squired for controlling insects can be reduced by up to 4060% and, in some cases, by up to 80% providing the insecticidally active substance or the mixture of several insecticidally active substances is used in admixture with a phospholipide from the group comprising phosphatidyl choline, hydrogenated phosphatidyl cholines, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, N-acyl phosphatidyl ethanolamines, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine, lysolecithin and phosphatidyl glycerol or a mixture of several such phospholipides in a ratio cy weight of from 1:0.2 to 1:20. In addition, the new compositions show considerably better adhesion to the plants or stored produce to be protected. Furthermore, the addition of the phospholipides accelerates the uptake of the insecticide by the insects so that the quantity of insecticide required for protecting the plants can be considerably reduced. The reduction in the quantity of insecticide sed not only improves the economy of the insecticide treatment, it also provides for less damage to the plants (reduction in phytotoxicity), for example by reducing the residues in the soil and in the plant, the latter also leading to a considerable reduction in the waiting time (insecticide treatment pending harvesting). Finally, the phospholipides are mostly natural and, in every case, non-toxic products which, by virtue of their nature and properties, do not themselves cause any pollution of the environment or have any adverse effect upon the waiting time. Some of the phospholipides are of course even used in foods. To produce the new insecticidal compositions, the insecticides are mixed with the phbspholipide in a ratio by weight of from 1:0.2 to 1:20, preferably in a ratio by weight of from 1:0 to 1:10 and, more preferably, in a ratio by weight of from 1:1 to 1:5. In this connection, the weight of the phospholipide is based on substantially pure phospholipide. Suitable phospholipides are, for example, the commercially available phosphatidyl cholines or phosphatidyl choline mixtures, such as for example Phospholipon R25 (25% of phosphatidyl choline, 25% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and 20% of phosphatidyl inositol) Phospholipon R55 (55% of phosphatidyl choline, 25% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and 2% of phosphatidyl inositol) Phospholipon R80 (80% of phosphatidyl choline and 10% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine) Phospholipon R100 (96% of phosphatidyl choline) Phospholipon R100H (96% of hydrogenated phosphatidyl choline) Phospholipon R38 (38% of phosphatidyl choline, 16% of N-acetyl phosphatidyi ethanolamine and 4% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine). It is particularly preferred to use natural phosphatidyl cholines which may be obtained by the processes described in the following patents: DE-PS No. 1,047,597, DE-PS No. 1, 053,299, DE-PS No. 1,617,679, DE-PS No. 1,617,680, German Patent Applications DE-OS No. 30 47 048, DE-OS No. 30 47 012 or DE-OS No. 30 47 011. Particularly suitable N-acyl phosphatidyl ethanolamines are those in which the acyl group emanates from saturated or olefinically unsaturated fatty acids containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly from saturated fatty acids containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms or from saturated or mono-olefinically unsaturated fatty acids containing 14, 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms. The insecticide used may be virtually any insectic1de, including the known chemical pesticides from the following groups: 1. Pyrethroids corresponding to the following general formula EMI4.1 in which R1 represents CH3, CCOH, COOCH3, C1, Br R2 represents CH3, C1, Br, represents substituted cyclopentene, substituted furyl methyl, phthalimidomethyl, phenoxy benzyl or phenalkenyl groups. The following are examples of compounds corresponding to formula I: EMI4.2 <tb> <SEP> R1 <SEP> R2 <SEP> R3 <tb> 1. <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> CH2CH3 <SEP> CH2-CH=CH-CH=CH2 <SEP> pyrethrin <SEP> I <tb> <SEP> · <tb> 2. <SEP> -COOCH3 <SEP> -CR3 <SEP> CH <SEP> CH2-CH=CH-CH=CH2 <SEP> pyrethrin <SEP> II <tb> <SEP> 0 <tb> EMI5.1 <tb> <SEP> R1 <SEP> R2 <SEP> R3 <tb> <SEP> 3, <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> -CX3 <SEP> CH3,tH2-CH=CH-CH3 <SEP> cinerin <SEP> I <tb> <SEP> 4. <SEP> -COOCH3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> . <SEP> 3 <SEP> HCH2-CH=CH-CH3 <SEP> cinerin <SEP> II <tb> <SEP> 5. <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> wCH2-CH=CH-C2H5 <SEP> j <SEP> asmol <SEP> in <SEP> I <tb> <SEP> Jao <tb> <SEP> 6. <SEP> -CoOCH3 <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> CH3tH2-CH=CH-C2H5 <SEP> jasmolin <SEP> II <tb> <SEP> 7. <SEP> CH3 <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> tH2 <SEP> tÏ30 <SEP> furethrin <tb> <SEP> 8. <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> allethrin <tb> <SEP> CH <tb> <SEP> 9 <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> t <SEP> cyclethrin <tb> <SEP> Cl <tb> 10. <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> 3 <SEP> -CH) <SEP> bathri <tb> <SEP> CH3 <tb> 11. <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> 3 <SEP> -cH2 <SEP> CM3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> dimethri <SEP> n <tb> <SEP> '2 <tb> 12. <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> CH <SEP> -CH2-FX <SEP> p <SEP> htha <SEP> thri <SEP> n <tb> 13. <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> CH3 <SEP> -CFI2- <SEP> 2-CH=C-I <SEP> japothrin <tb> EMI6.1 <tb> <SEP> R1 <SEP> R2 <SEP> R3 <tb> 14, <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> -CH2 <SEP> v <SEP> Cl2 <SEP> t <SEP> pyrestri <SEP> n <tb> 15. <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> -CM3 <SEP> -CH2-C=C-CH. <SEP> n <SEP> butethrin <tb> <SEP> 21V/ <SEP> butethrin <tb> 16. <SEP> -CH3 <SEP> C <SEP> 3 <SEP> CH2 <SEP> n <SEP> t <SEP> penothri <SEP> n <tb> 17. <SEP> -C1 <SEP> -Cl <SEP> -CH2- <SEP> t <SEP> -0 <SEP> 4 <SEP> permethri <SEP> n <tb> 18. <SEP> -Br <SEP> -Br <SEP> -CH- <SEP> t <SEP> <SEP> decamethrin <tb> <SEP> CN <tb> The compounds corresponding to formula I are known compounds which have already been successfully used as insecticides (cf. Chemie der Pflanzenschutz und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel Springer 1970, pages 87 et seq.). The compounds corresponding to formula I are sparingly soluble in water, sensitive to heat and readily inactivated in air. Combinations of the compounds corresponding to formula I with phospholipides are distinguished in particular by the fact that stability to air and to temperature is considerably improved. In addition, it is possible to prepare aqueous solutions or emulsions without having to use potentially harmful organic solvents. The often unpleasant odour of the compounds is also weakened by the addition of phospholipides. The destruction of insects is considerably increased by addition of the phospholipldes without any increase in toxicity with respect to warm-blooded animals. Combinations of permethrin or decamethrin with phospholipides are particularly preferred. 2. Chlorinated hydrocarbons corresponding to the following general formula EMI7.1 in which R1 represents halogen, particularly chlorine, methoxy, C1-C3-alkyl, R2 represents polychloroalkyl, nitroalkyl groups. The following are examples of compounds corresponding to formula II: 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l, l-trichloroethane (DDT), 2, 2-bis- (p-methoxyphenyl )-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane (methoxychlor), 2, 2-bis-(p-fluorophenyl)-l,l,1-trichloroethane (DFDT), 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,-dichloroethane (TDE), 2,2-bis-(p-ethylphenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (perthane), 2-nitro-l, l-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-butane (bulan), 2-nitro-l,l-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-propane (prolan). It is preferred to use mixtures of 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l,l-trichloroethane or 2,2-bis-(p-methoxyphenyl)l,l,l-trichloroethane with phospholipides. The advantagecf mixtures such as these is that the ability of the compounds to form complexes with the phospholipides enables watersoluble or readily emulsifiable mixtures to be produced without having to use potentially harmful organic solvents. 3. Polychlorocycloalkanes such as, for example, y-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), 1,2,4,5,6,7,8-octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- indane (chlordane), 1,4,5,6,7-heptachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- indane (heptachlor), 2-exo-4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydroindane (dihydroheptachlor), 1,3,4,5,6,7,10,10-octachloro-4,7-endomethylene-4,7,8,9- tetrahydrophthalane (isobenzan), 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9- methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide (endosulfan), 5,6-bis-(chloromethyl)-1,2-,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo- 2,2,1-hept-2-ene (alodan), <RTI ID=8.7> 5-bromomethyl-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo-Z,2,1-hept- 2-ene (bromodan), 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydroendo-1,4exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalenes (aldrins), 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5^6,7,8,8a-octa- hydroendo-1,4-oxo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (dieldrin), 1,2,3,4,10,lO-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a- octahydroendo-1,4-endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (endrin). It is particularly preferred to use mixtures of lindane, aldrin, dieldrin or endrin with phospholipides. In addition to the distinct improvement of the result of the effect on insects, it is possible to prepare aqueous solutions or emulsions without having to use toxic solvents. 4. Phosphoric acid esters corresponding to the following general formula EMI8.1 in which R1 represents C1-C4-alkyl, particularly CH3 or C2H5, R2 represents alkoxy, particularly methoxy or ethoxy, C1 -C4- alkyl, particularly ethyl, or aminoalkyl, particularly amino-C1-C4-alkyl, A represents either a) -(CH2)n-Z-R3 where n= 1-3, Z = S, SO or S02, R3 represents linear or branched C1-C4-alkyl, substituted aryl, particularly phenyl substituted by chlorine, methyl or nitro, or a radical corresponding to general formula III or b) chlorine, methyl or nitro-substituted phenyl, a substituted benzyl, an alkenyl carboxylic acid ester group or an alkenyl carboxylic acid amide group or c) a heteroaryl group such as, for example, a substituted pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, quinoxalyl, isocalyl, triazolyl, phthalyl, benztriazinyl, benzoxazolyl, thiadiazolyl or triazinolyl group. The compounds corresponding to general formula III are known compounds, such as for example: O,O-diethyl-O-(ethylthio)-ethyl thiophosphate (demeton-O), O,O-diethyl-S-(ethylthio)-ethyl thiophosphate (demeton-S), O,O-dimethyl-S-(ethylthio)-ethyl thiophosphate, O,O-diethyl-S-(2-ethylsulfonyl-1-methyl)-ethyl thiophosphate, O,O-diethyl-O-(ethylsulfonyl)-ethyl thiophosphate, O,O-diethyl-S-( 2-ethylthio)-ethyl dithiophosphate (disulfoton), O,O-dimethyl-S-(2-ethylthio)-ethyl dithiophosphate, O,O-diethyl-S-(2-ethylthio)-methyl dithiophosphate (phorat), O,O-diethyl-S-(tert.-butylthio)-methyl dithiophosphate (terbufos), O,O-diethyl-S-[(4-chlorophenylthio)-methyl]-dithiophosphate, S,S-methylene-bis-(O,O-diethyl)-dithiophosphate (ethion), 0,0-dimethyl-S-[1,2-bis-ethoxyzarbonyl)-ethyl]-dithiophosphate (malthion), O,O-dimethyl-S-[(N-methylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-dithiophosphate (dimethoat), O,O-diethyl-S-[(N-isopropylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-dithiophosphate (prothoat), O,O-diethyl-S-[N-(l-cyano-l-methylethyl)-carbamoylmethyll-thio- phospate (cyanthoat), O,O-diethyl-S-[(N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl)-carbamoylmethyl]dithiophosphate (mecarbam), O,O-dimethyl-S-[ -(ethoxyzarbonyl)-benzyl]-dithiophosphate (phenthoat), O,O-dimethyl-S-[2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-ethylthio]-ethylthiophosphate (vamidothion), O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-phosphate (dichlorvos), 0,0-dimethyl-O-(l-methoxycarbonyl-l-propen-2-yl)-phosphate (mervinphos), trans-O,O-dimethyl-0-(2-methoxycarbonyl-2-methylvinyl)thiophosphate (methacrifos), O,O-dimethyl-O-[l-chloro-l-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)-l-propen 2-yl]-phosphate (phosphamidon), 0,0-dimethyl-0-[1-(n,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-l-propen-2-yl]- phosphate (dicrotophos), 0,0-diethyl-0-[2-chloro-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-vinyl ]- phosphate (chlorfenvinphos), O,O-dimethyl-O-[2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-vinyl]phosphate (tetrachlorvinphos), O,O-diethyl-O-(4-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphate (parathion), 0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphate (fenitrothion), 0,0-dimethyl-0-(2,A,5-trichlorophenyl)-thiophosphate (fenchlorphos), O,O-dimethyl-O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl)-thiophosphate (bromophos), 0,0-dimethyl-0-(3-methyl-4-methylthiohexyl)-thiophosphate (fenthion), O-methyl-0-(4t-butyl-2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-phosphamidate (crufomat), O-ethyl-S-phenylethane dithiophosphate (fonofos), 4,4'-bis-(dimethoxy-phosphinothioyloxy}-diphenyl sulfide (temephos), O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-thiophosphate (diazinon), O,O-diethyl-O-(2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)thiophosphate (pyrimiphos), o,O-diethyl-0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-thiophosphate (chlorpyrifos), O,O-diethyl-O-(2-quinoxalyl)-thiophosphate (quinalphos), O,O-diethyl-O-(S-phenyl-3-isoxazolyl)-thiophosphate (isoxathion), O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-thiophosphate (triazophos), 0,0-diethyl-0-(5-chloro-1-isopropyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)- thiophosphate (isazofos), O,O-dimethyl-S-(phthalimidomethyl)-dithiophosphate (phosmet), O,O-dimethyl-S-[(1,2,3-benztriazin-4(3H)on-3-yl)-methyl]dithiophosphate (azinphosmethyl), O,O-diethyl-S- E ( 6-chlorobenzoxazol-2(3H)-on-3-yl)-methyl]- dithiophosphate (phosalon), O,O-dimethyl-S-[(2-methoxy-1,3,4-thiodiazol-5(4H)-on-4-yl)methyl]-dithiophosphate (methidathion), O,O-dimethyl-S-[(6-chloro-oxazolone-4,5,6-pyridin-2(3H)-on 3-yl)-methyll-thiophosphate (azamethiphos), O,O-dimethyl-S-[(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-methyl]dithiophosphate (menazon), O,O-dimethyl-S-[(5-methoxy-4H-pyron-2-yl)-methyl]-thiophosphate (endothion), O,O-diethyl-S-[ (5,7-dichloro-2-benzoxazolyl)-methyl]-di- thiophosphate (benoxafos), 0,0-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethane phosphonate trichlorphon), 2,3-bis-(diethoxy-phosphinothioylthio)-1,4-dioxane (diocathion), 2-(diethoxy-phosphinylimino)-1,3-dithiolane (phosfolan), O,S-dimethyl-thiophosphamidate (methamidophos), 2-methOxy-4H-1,-3,2-benzodioxaphosphorine-2-sulfide, diethOxyphosphinothioyl-oxyimido-phenylacetonitrile (phoxim), O,O-dimethyl-O-(7-chlorobicyclo-[3,2,0]-hepta-2,6-dien6-yl)-phosphate (heptenphos), O-ethyl-S,S-dipropyldithiophosphate (ethoprophos), O-ethyl-S-propyl-0-(2-chloro-4-bromophenyl)-thiophosphate (profenophos), O-ethyl-S-propyl-O- ( 4-methylthiophenyl ) -dithiophosphate (merpafos). It is preferred to use the following phosphoric acid esters: heptanphos [O,O-dimethyl-O-(7-chlorobicyclo-[3,2,0]-hepta 2,6-dien-6-yl)-phosphate3, demeton-S-methyl [O,O-dimethyl-S-(methylthio)-ethylthiophosphate], oxydemeton-methyl [O,O-dimethyl-S-(ethylsulfonyl)-ethylthiophosphate], etrimphos [0-(6-ethoxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-0,0-dimethyl- thiophosphate], parathion [O,O-diethyl-0-(4-nitrophenyl)-thiophosphate]j [0, 0-dimethyl-0-4-nitrophenyl )-thiophosphate], triazophos [O,O-diethyl-O-(l-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)- thiophosphate], but especially parathion, particularly for controlling biting and sucking insects, including caterpillars of the pyralis moth and cabbage butterfly, arachnids, shield lice, assassin flys, beetles, caterpillars , pseudocaterpillars, larch thrips, etc. 5. Aryl carbonates corresponding to the following general formula EMI12.1 in which R1 represents CH3 or H, R2 represents H, dialkylamino, C1-C4-alkyl, Cl-C4-alkoxy or Cl-c4-alkthiot R3 represents H, linear or branched Cl-C5-alkyl or dimethylamino-methylimino, R4 represents H, Cl-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkthio, dioxolane or alkyl thiomethyl, in addition to which R3 and R4 together may represent the groups -O--C(CH3)2-0- -CH=CH-CH=CH- or -CH2C -C(CH3)2-0- The compounds corresponding to general formula IV are known compounds, such as for example: 4-diallylamino-3,5-dimethylphenyl-methyl-carbamate (allylxycarb), 4-dimethylamino-3-methyl phenyl methyl carbamate (aminocarb), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl methyl carbamate (bendiocarb), 2-sec.-butyl phenyl methyl carbamate (BPMC), 3-(l-methylbutyl)-phenyl methyl carbamate (bufencarb 1), 3-(1-ethylpropyl)-phenyl methyl carbamate (bufencarb II), l-naphthyl methyl carbamate (carbaryl), 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl benzofuran-7-yl methyl carbamate (carbofuran), 2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-phenyl methyl carbamate (dioxacarb), 2-ethylthiomethyl phenyl methyl carbamate (ethiofencarb), 3-dimethylamino-methylene-iminophenyl methyl carbamate (formetanat), 3, 5-dimethyl-4-methylthiophenyl methyl carbamate (mercaptodimethur), 4-dimethylamino-3,5-dimethyl phenyl methyl carbamate (mexacurbat), 3,4-dimethyl phenyl methyl carbamate (MPMC), 3-isopropyl-5-methyl phenyl methyl carbamate (promecarb), 2-isopropoxyphenyl methyl carbamate (-propoxur), but expecially propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl methyl carbamate). 6. Other insecticides which may be used are, for example, 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propylidene-amino-methyl carbamate (aldicarb), 1-(methylthio)-ethylidene-amino-methyl carbamate (methomyl), N,N-dimethyl-a-methyl carbamoyloxy-imino- -(methylthio)- acetamide (oxamyl), 1,3-di-(carbamoylthio)-2-dimethylaminopropane hydrochloride (cartap), 2-dimethylamino-5 , 6-dimethyl pyrimidin-4-yl dimethyl carbamate (pirimicarb), 4- ( 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl ) -N' -dimethyl fbrmamidine (chlordimeform), N,N-di-(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)-methylamine (amitraz), but especially aldicarb [2-methyl-2-(methylthio)-propylidene- aminol-methyl carbamate. Of the insecticides mentioned in groups 1 to 6, the following are preferred: permethrin, decamethrin, DDT, methoxychlor, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptenophos, demeton-S-methyl, oxydemeton-methyl, etrimphos, parathion, triazophos, propoxur, aldicarb. The individual insecticides are used either on their own or in combination with other insecticides after the addition of phospholipides. The new insecticidal compositions may be used for controlling the dormant states of insects and mites (winter spraying), for controlling all stages on growing plants (leaf application), for controlling insect larvae (soil application) and for controlling insect infestation in harvested crops (in-store protection). The new insectridal compositions may be prepared as follows: The phospholipide or a mixture of several phospholipides is dissolved in-organic solvents, such as toluener ethyl acetate, xylene, petrol, ethanol or methanol, or in mixtures of these solvents. The choice of the solvent or solvent mixture will depend upon the solubility of the insecticide used. The insecticide is dissolved in the phospholipide solution, optionally by heating. On completion of dissolution, the solvent is distilled off in vacuo while heating. The product thus obtained is converted into a suitable standard commercial form by the addition of suitable auxiliaries such as, for example, fillers, vehicles, diluents, wetting agents, stabilisers, gelating agents, evaporation accelerators, extenders or auxiliaries which promote the spraying or atomisation of the insecticidal compositions according to the invention. The new insecticidal compositions may also be prepared by mixing the insecticide with the phospholipide or phospholipides and the auxiliaries and fillers required, dissolving or suspending the resulting mixture in an organic solvent and then removing the solvent. The mixture obtained in this way is ready for use. In the case of insecticides which are soluble in water or in water/alcohol mixtures, the insecticide is with advantage first dissolved in water or in the water/alcohol mixture, the phospholipide or phospholide mixture is added to the resulting solution and the product is converted into a solution or emulsion either by stirring or by the application of ultrasonic waves. The emulsifiers normally required may be added before or after this stirring operation. The emulsion or solution thus obtained is freed from the solvent mixture or water in the usual way, for example by distillation, spray-drying or freeze-drying. The resulting product may be used either as such or optionally after the addition of suitable auxiliaries. The product may even be re-emulsified or redissolved in water and used as a spray. Phospholipide solutions or emulsions in organic or aqueous-organic solvents or water may also be added to the commercially available preparations before liquid-phase application. Examples of suitable vehicles are talcum, kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr, lime or crushed rock. Other suitable auxiliaries are, for example, surface-active compounds, such as soaps (fatty acid, salts), fatty alcohol sulfonates or alkyl sulfonates. Gelatin, casein, albumin, starch or methyl cellulose may be used as stabilisers or protective colloids. The new insecticidal compositions may be used in liquid or solid form, for example as dusting powders, scattering preparations, granulates, sprays, aerosols, emulsions or solutions (cf. for example Winnacker-Kuchler, Chem. Technologie 19i2, Vol. 4, pages 700 to 703). Applications for the new insecticidal compositions include, for example, the control of grasshoppers, soil insects, arachnids, shield lice, harvest flies, thrips, such as for example wireworms, white grubs, dance flies, weevil larvae, cutworms, cabbage fly larvae, bulb fly larvae,particularly in cereal crops; the frit fly, particularly in corn, oats, barl e; jarr worms, ants, spring tails, millipedes, termites, woodlice, leaf lice, boll chafers, particularly in cotton, stem borers, particularly in rice and corn; flies and gnats,. particularly in cereal crops; potato beetles, turnip flies, rape pollen beetles, weevils, caterpillars and flies, particularly in vegetable growing fruit maggots, caterpillars, psylla, particularly in fruit growing; grape moths, vine lice, beetles and caterpillars, particularly in viniculture; caterpillars and bugs, particularly in tea plantations; caterpillars, bugs, grease lice in cocoa plantations; all types of beetles in banana plantations; fruit flies, particularly in citrus fruit groves; olive flies, olive moths, particularly in olive growing, caterpillars, beetles and sawflies in forestry. The new insecticide/phospholipide mixtures are also suitable for controlling ecto- and endo-parasites in domestic and useful animals. EXAMPLE 1 Production of 1 kg of a scattering preparation containing aldicarb as its active ingredient: 50 g of aldicarb, 120 g of Phospholipon 25, 0.1 g of ascorbic palmitate and 0.5 g of lignin sulfonate are dissolved in 500 ml of toluene and 30 to 350C. The resulting solution is kneaded with 804 g of CaC03 (quality: prepicitated calcium carbonate) and the resulting paste is dried and ground. The powder obtained is 1. dissolved with 15.0 g of lignin sulfonate in water and the resulting solution is 2. mixed with 100 ml of a 10% gelatin solution. The pellets formed are dried in a fluidised-bed dryer to form a powder which may be used for example for controlling arachnids in ornamental plants. The product thus obtained is equivalent in its effectiveness against nematodes to the commercial product containing 10% of aldicarb.. EXAMPLE 2 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing decamethrin as its active ingredient: 12.5 g of decamethrin, 150 g of phospholipon 80 in 50 ml of ethanol (concentrate), 50 ml of xylene, 2 g of tagat 0 (polyethylene glycol glycerol mono-oleate), 5 g of Tegomuls O (glycerol monodioleate) and 3 g of Cellosolve are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol N. The mixture obtained is suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of a cornfield against corn borers. EXAMPLE 3 Production of 1 kg of a spraying powder containing DDT as its active ingredient: 125 g of DDT, 250 g of phospholipon 80 in 50 ml of ethanol, 250 ml-of xylene and 0.6 g of DONSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) as wetting agent are mixed together and the resulting mixture kneaded with 180 g of bentonite to form a homogeneous paste which is then dried, passed through a sieve, made up to 1 kg with bentonite and homogeneously mixed. 1 kg of the mixture thus obtained contains 250 g of DDT which is equivalent in its effectiveness to 1 kg of a standard commercial preparation containing 500 g of DDT. EXAMPLE 4 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing methoxychlor as its active ingredient: 100 g of methoxychlor, 220 g of phospholipide concentrate (200 g of Phospholipon 55 in 50 ml of ethanol), 50 ml of xylene, 10 g of iKarlowet IHF and 10 g of Cellosolve are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol A. The mixture thus obtained is suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of-a rape field against rape pollen beetle. This mixture which contains 100 g/l of methoxychlor is equivalent in its effectiveness to standard formuiations containing 200 g/1 of methoxychlor. EXAMPLE 5 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion spray containing lindane as its active ingredient. 125 g of lindane dissolved in 200 ml of ethyl acetate and 100 ml of xylene are mixed with a phospholipide concentrate of 250 g of Phospholipon 100 in 50 my of ethandl in the presence of 10 g of a mixed emulsifier (Marlowet IHF) and 5 g of Cellosolve and the resulting mixture is made up to 1 litre with petrol fractionsr such as Shellsol N. The mixture obtained is suitable for example for controlling chewing and sucking insects in leaf vegetable fields or potato beetles in potato fields. Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires twice the quantity of lindane to obtain the same effect. EXAMPLE 6 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing dieldrin as its active ingredient: 100 g of dieldrin, 200 g of Phospholipon 80 in 50 ml of ethanol (concentrate), 200 ml of xylene, 15 g of Marlowet mixed emulsifier and 5 g of Cellosolve are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol N. This concentrate is equivalent in its effect to commercial preparations containing 250 g of dieldrin per litre. EXAMPLE 7 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing endrin as its active ingredient: 90 g of endrin, 180 g of Phospholipon 55 in 50 ml of ethanol (concentrate) 450 ml of xylene, 10 g of Marlowet mixed emulsifier and 8 g of Cellosolve are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol A. The mixture thus obtained is suitable for example for treating a cottonfield against insects. Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires more than twice the quantity of endrin for the same area. EXAMPLE 8 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing heptenophos as its active ingredient: 120 g of heptenophos, 200 g of Phospholipon 100 in 40 ml of ethanol (concentrate), 120 ml of xylene, 10 g of Tween 80, 2 g of Span 80 and 10 g of Cellosolve are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol A. 650 ml of the mixture are suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of a leaf-vegetable field against aphids i.e. 80 g instead of the usual quantity of170 g. The mixture is also suitable for controlling ectoparasites in domestic animals. EXAMPLE 9 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion spray containing demeton-S-methyl as its active ingredient: 125 g of demeton-S-methyl, 200 g of Phospholipon 55 in 150 ml of ethanol (concentrate), 8 g of Cellosolve, 10 g of Tween 80 and 3 g of Span 80 are made up to l litre with Shellsol N. 0.55 litre of the mixture is suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of a beet field against aphids (70 g of demeton-D-methyl). Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires 250 g of demeton-S-methyl. EXAMPLE 10 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing etrimphos as its active ingredient: 250 g of etrimphos, approximately 300 g of phospholipide concentrate (250 g of Phospholipon 80 in 50 ml of ethanol), 7 g of Cellosolve, 9 g of Tween 80 and 2 g of Span 80 are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol N. 1 litre of the resulting mixture is suitable for example for treating I hectare of a cabbage field against chewing and sucking insects Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires twice the quantity of etrimphos. EXAMPLE 11 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion spray containing parathion as its active ingredient: 230 g of parathion, approximately 300 g of phospholipide concentrate (230 g of Phospholipon 80 in 100 ml of ethanol), 50 ml of xylene and 10 g of Marlowet IHF are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol A. 650 ml (150 g of parathion) of this mixture is suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of a rape field against rape pollen beetles. Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires twice the amount of parathion. EXAMPLE 12 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing triazophos as its active ingredient: 100 g of triazophos, 150 g of Phospholipon 55 in 100 ml of ethanol (added in the form of a concentrate), 1 g of Cellosolve, 8 g of Tween 80 and 2 g of Span 80 are made up to 1 litre with Shellsol N. 1 litre of the resulting mixture (100 g of triazophos) is suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of a field of dwarf beans. Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires twice the quantity of triazophos per hectare. EXAMPLE 13 Production of 1 litre of an emulsion concentrate containing propoxur as its active ingredient: 150 g of propoxur, 200 g of Phospholipon 80 in 150 ml of ethanol (in the form of a concentrate), 100 ml of isopropanol, 5 g of Tagat 0, 5 g of Tegomuls 0 and 10 g of Cellosolve are made up to 1 litre with > Shellsol N. 2 litres of the resulting mixture (300 g of propoxur) are suitable for example for treating 1 hectare of a field of stone fruit. Treatment with standard commercial preparations requires twice the quantity of- propoxur. EXAMPLE 14 Production of 1 kg of an emulsion concentrate (16%) containing dimethoat as its active ingredient: 160 g of dimethoat, 160 g of Phospholipon 38, 240 g of toluene, 160 g of isophorone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroyethyl)caproic acid amide, 110 g of Cremophor EW and 10 g of PEG 6000 are mixed in the same way as in Examples 1 to 13. After dilution with water, the emulsion concentrate obtained is particularly suitable for application by the ULV or LV technique. EXAMPLE 15 Production of 1 kg of an emulsion concentrate containing decamethrin (16%) as its active ingredient: 160 g of decamethrin, 160 g of Phospholipon 38, 120 g of toluene, 120 g of xylene, 160 g of isophorone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-caproic acid amide, 70 g of Cremophor EL and 50 g of PEG 6000 are processed in the same way as in Examples 1 to 14. After dilution with water, the emulsion concentrate obtained is particularly suitable for application by the ULV-or LV technique, for example for treatment against chewing insects in hop fields. EXAMPLE 16 Production of 1 kg of an emulsion concentrate containing heptenophos (17%) as its active ingredient: 170 g of heptenophos, 160 g of Phospholipon 5, 250 g of xylene, 160 g of cyclohexanone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)heptanoic acid amide, 80 g of Cremophor EL and 20 g of PEG 6000 are mixed together. The emulsion concentFate obtained may be mixed on application with the requisite quantity of water. The mixture obtained is suitable for example for controlling ectoparasites in domestic animals. EXAMPLE 17 Production of 1 kg of an emulsion concentrate (16%) containing parathion as its active ingredient: 160 g of parathion, 160 g of Phospholipon 38, 270 g of toluene, 160 g of isophorone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)caproic-acid amide, 80 g of Cremophor EL and 10 g of PEG 6000 are dissolved while stirring. The concentrate is emulsified in water according to the particular application intended. EXAMPLE 18 1 kg of an emulsion concentrate (16%) containing propoxur as its active ingredient is prepared in the same way as in Example 17. The ingredients, namely 160 g of propoxur, 170 g of Phospholipon 55, 120 g of toluene, 120 g of xylene, 180 g of isophorone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-heptanoic acid amide and 70 g of Cremophor EL, are processed in the same way as in Examples 1 to 14. EXAMPLE 19 Production of 300 g of a spraying powder containing pirimicarb (40%) as its active ingredient: 120 g of pirimicarb, 120 g of Phospholipon 38, 1.5 g of Marlowet IHF, 52.5 g of dry glucose and 6 g of Bentone EW are stirred into 1080 g of water, hpmogenised and spraydried. EXAMPLE 20 Production of 400 g of a spraying powder containing diflubenzuron (10%) as its active ingredient: 40 g of diflubenzuron, 200 g of Phospholipon 38, 140 g of dry glucose, 18 g of Bentone EW and 2 g of Marlowet IHF are mixed in 1000 g of water, homogenised and spray-dried. EXAMPLE 21 Production of 1 kg of an emulsion concentrate (1%) containing as its active ingredient a standard commercial pyrethrum extract of Chrysanthenum cinerariifolii (the standardised extract contains 25% of active substance). 40 g of pyrethrum extract (10 g of pyrethroids), 120 g of piperonyl butoxide, 160 g of Phospholipon 38, 240 g of xylene, 160 g of isophorone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)caproic acid amide, 80 g of Cremophor EL, 20 g of PEG 6000 ad 20 g of monodiglyceride are processed in the same way as in Example 19. EXAMPLE 22 Production of 2 kg of a finished product containing a standard commercial pyrethrum extract as its active ingredient (the standardised extract contains 25% of active substance). 8 g of pyrethrum extract (2 g of pyrethroids), 24 g of piperonyl butoxide, 160 g of Phospholipon 55, 240 g of xylene, 160 g of isophorone, 160 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)caproic acid amide, 80 g of Cremophor EL, 30 g of PEG 6000 and 36 g of soya oil are mixed, dissolved and made up to 2 kg with deionised water. The clear solution obtained contains I g of pyrethroids per kg and may be used in undiluted form. In the following Application Examples, the commercial products containing the active ingredient referred to by its generic name were used as the active ingredients. EXAMPLE 23 Comparison tests With parathion For controlling aphids, fields of promaceous fruit were sprayed with various mixtures and the percentage destruction of the-aphids measured. Test Mixture Aphids No. destroyed in% I parathion 0.35 g/l 90 2 phosphatidyl choline 90 mg/l O 3 parathion 0.175 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 90 mg/l 100 4 parathion 0.087 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 90 m/l 65 5 parathion 0.175 g/l 30 6 parathion 0.087 g/l 5 7 parathion 0.087 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 45 mg/l 65 EXAMPLE 24 Comparison test with permethrin For controlling aphids, fields of promaceous fruit were sprayed with various mixtures and the percentage destruction of aphids was measured. Test Mixture Aphids No. destroyed in X 1 permethrin 1.0 g/l 100 2 permethrin 0.5 g/l 40 3 permethrin 0.5 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 90 mg/l 100 4 permethrin 0.05 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 45 mg/l 100 5 phosphatiyl choline 90 mg/l O EXAMPLE 25 Comparison test with decamethrin For controlling aphids, fields of promaceous frit were sprayed with various mixtures and the percentage destruction of aphids was measured. Test Mixture Aphids No. destroyed in % 1 decamethrin 0.3 g/l 100 2 decamethrin 0.15 g/l 30 3 decamethrin 0.15 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 90 mg/l 100 4 decamethrin 0.15 g/l + phosphatidyl choline 45 mg/l 100 5 phosphatidyl choline 90 mg/l O EXAMPLE 26 Comparison test with methomyl For controlling cabbage worms (Pieris brassicae), cabbage fields are treated with various mixtures and the percentage destruction measured. Test Mixture Cabbage worms No. destroyed in 8 1. methomyl 1.2 kg/ha ' 95 2 methomyl 0.6 kg/ha 40 3 methomyl 0.6 kg/ha + phospholipide 90 mg/l 100 4 methomyl 0.6 kg/ha 90 + phospholipide 45 mg/l 5 phospholipide 90 mg/l O

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An insecticidal composition characterised in that it consists of a) one or more insecticidally active substances and b) one or more phospholipides from the group comprising phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, N-acyl phosphatidyl ethanolamines, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine, lysolecithin, phosphatidyl glycerol and hydrogenated phosphatidyl cholines in a ratio by weight of a:b of from 1:0.2 to 1:20 in addition to standard vehicles, diluents, solvents, propellents and/or other inert auxiliaries. 2. An insecticidar composition as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that constituents a) and b) are present in-a ratio by weight of from 1:0.5 to 1:10. 3. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim I or 2, characterised in that constituents a) and b) are present in a ratio by weight of from 1:1 to 1:5. 4. An insecticidal composition as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that phosphatidyl choline is used as the phospholipide. 5. An insecticidal composition as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the insecticide used is a pyrethroid corresponding to the following general formula EMI26.1 in which R1 represents CK3, COOH, COOCH3, C1, Br, R2 represents CH3, Cl, Br, R3 represents substituted cyclopentene, substituted furyl methyl, phthalimidomethyl, phenoxy benzyl or a phenalkenyl group. 6. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 5, characterised in that the pyrethroid used is pyrethrin, cinerin, josmolin, furethrin, allethrin, cyclethrin, bathrin, dimethrin, phthalthrin, japothrin, pyrestrin, butethrin, penothrin, permethrin or decamethrin. 7. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that permethrin is used as the pyrethroid. 8. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 5 or 6, characterised in that decamethrin is used as the pyrethroid. 9. An insecticidal composition as claimed on one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the insecticide used is a chlorinated hydrocarbon corresponding to the following general formula EMI27.1 in which R1 represents halogen, methoxy or C1-C 3-alkyl and R2 represents polychloroalkyl or nitroalkyl. 10. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 9, characterised in that 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l,l- trichloroethane is used as the insecticide. 11. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 9, characterised in that 2,2-bis-(p-methoxyphenyl )-l, 1,1- trichloroethane is used as the insecticide. 12. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 9, characterised in that DFDT, TDE, perthane, bulan or prolan is used as the insecticide. 13. An insecticidal composition as claimed in qne or more of Claims l to 4, characterised in that chlordan, heptachlor, dihydroheptachlor, isobenzan, endosulfan or bromadan is used as the insecticide. 14. An insecticidal composition as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that lindan, aldrin, dieldrin or endrin is used as the insecticide. 15. An insecticidal composition as claimed on one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the insecticide used is a phosphoric acid ester corresponding-to the following general formula EMI28.1 in which Rl represents C1-C4-alkyl, R2 represents alkoxy, Cl-C4-alkyl or aminoalkyl, A represents either a) -(CH2)n-Z-R3 where n = 1 - 3, Z = S, SO or S02, or b) chlorine, methyl, nitrophenyl, a-substituted benzyl, an alkenyl carboxylic acid ester or alkenyl carboxylic acid amide group or c) a heteroaryl group. 16. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 15, characterised in that the insecticide used is demeton-O, demeton-S, disulfobon, phorat, terbufos, ethion, malthion, dimethoat, prothoat, cyanathoat, mercarbam, phenthoat, vamidothion, dichlorvos, mevinphos, methacrifos, phosphamidon, dicrotophos, chlorfenvinphos, tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, fenitrothion, fenchlorphos, bromophos, fenthion, crufomat, fonofos, temephos, diazinon, pirimiphos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, isoxathion, triazophos, isazofos, phosmet, azinphosmethyl, phosalon, methidathion, azamethiphos, menazon, endothion, benoxafos, trichlorphon, dioxathion, phosfolan, methamidophos, phoxim, heptenophos, ethoprophos, profenofos or merpafos. 17. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 15, characterised in that the insecticide used is heptenophos, demeton-S-methyl, oxydemeton-methyl, etrimphos, parathion or triazophos. 18. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 17, characterised in that parathion is used as the insecticide. 19. An insecticidal composition as claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the insecticide used is an aryl carbamate corresponding to the following general formula EMI29.1 in which Rl represents CH3 or H, R2 represents H, dialkylamino, C1-C4-alkyl, alkoxy or alkthio, R3 represents H, linear or branched Cl-C5-alkyl or dimethylamino methylimino, R4 represents H, C1-C4 -alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkthio, dioxolan or alkylthiomethyl, in addition to which R3 and R4 together may also form the groups -O-C(CH3)2-O- or -CH=CH-CH=CH- 20. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 19, characterised in that the insecticide used is allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, BPMC, bufencarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, dioxacarb, ethiofencarb, formetanat, mercaptodimethur, mexacarbarb, MPMC or promecarb. 21. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 19, characterised in that propoxur is used as the insecticide. 22. An insecticidal composition as claimed in one or more of Claims I to 4, characterised in that the insecticide used is aldicarb, methomyl, oxamyl, captap, pirimicarb, chlordimeform or amitraz. 23. An insecticidal composition as claimed in one or more of Claims l to 4, characterised in that aldicarb is used as the insecticide. 24. A process for producing the insecticidal compositions claimed In one or more of Claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the phospholipide is dissolved m an organic solvent or solvent mixture, the insecticide is dissolved in theresulting solution, optionally by heating and/or stirring, after which the solvent or solvent mixture is removed in vacuo and the mixture obtained is converted into a standard formulation after the addition of standard fillers and auxiliaries. 25. A process for producing the insecticidal compositions claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the insecticidets) is dissolved or suspended in an organic solvent together with one or more phospholipides and optionally together with standard fillers and auxiliaries, after which the solvent is removed. 26. A process for producing the insecticidal compositions claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 23, characterised in that one or more water-soluble or alcohol-soluble insecticides is/are dissolved in water or water/alcohol mixtures together with one or more phospholipides by stirring and/or gentle heating and/or by the application of ultrasonic waves, after which the solvent solvent mixture is removed. 27. The use of the insecticidal compositions claimed in one or more of Claims 1 to 24 for controlling insects.

Inventors: ETSCHENBERG, EUGEN, DR., GHYCZY, MIKLOS, DIPL.-CHEM., DR., OSTHOFF, HEINRICH, DR.
Applicants: A. NATTERMANN & CIE. GMBH
Application year: 1982
Main classification: A01N65
IPC codes: A01N57