RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SYSTEM

Abstract: A rechargeable battery comprises a casing (1) intended to fit into the space occupied by one or more dry batteries, the casing (1) containing one or more nickel cadmium cells (6), a charging unit (8) for the cells (6) and means (11) for connecting the charging unit (8) to a supply of electricity.

Description: ** . Rechargeable Battery System This invention relates to a rechargeable battery system. There are a large number of applications today in which dry cells are used. Such applications include lanterns and torches, various transistorised apparatus such as radios, cassette recorders, radio-controlled 10 models. One of the major problems existing with dry batteries is the fact that they have a short life and are relatively expensive to replace, particularly at 15 short regular intervals. Another disadvantage of the dry cell resides in its use in apparatus which are not operated regularly but are merely used for standby purposes. With these the problem resides in the fact that when a dry cell gets old, there is a significant 20 tendency for it to leak, thus not only making a nasty mess, but also causing significant destruction to the apparatus in which it is situated. One proposal for getting round both these 25 problems is the replacement of dry batteries by nickel cadmium cells of similar capacity. These cells are rechargeable and thus do not require to be replaced when they become discharged. As a result, the cells ' • * . have a particularly long life, and are not subject, due 30 to their different const uction, to the leaking of dangerous chemicals as they age. However, such replacements are not entirely satisfactory since, if they are to be used as straight dry battery replacements, they require to be removed and 35 individually recharged in an exterior charger provided. A for this purpose. Particularly, where a number of cells are required, this increases subs antially the time necessary to recharge the batteries and the time in which the particular piece of apparatus is non- operational. The provision of individual battery charges is expensive and, if travelling is involved by the user of the apparatus, either the charger must be carried around as well as the apparatus or the risk of discharging the batteries rendering the apparatus un- uεeable occurs. Furthermore, where the user of the apparatus travels between countries, a different charger is required on many occasions in the different countries since the electricity supply provided varies from country to country. Another proposed solution has been to provide apparatus'in which the nickel cadmium batteries are built into the apparatus and " a charging arrangement has also been built in. This however has the disadvantage that if one wishes to change over from battery operated apparatus to rechargeable apparatus, then it is necessary to scrap the original apparatus and buy new ones. Thus perfectly good apparatus has to be scrapped for an apparatus which is considerably more expensive and which is totally vulnerable to any failure on any part of the cell and charging system. Fu thermore, recharging can normally only be carried out with a specific mains supply. The present invention seeks to provided a rechargeable battery in which some or all of the above disadvantages are obviated or reduced. According to the invention, there is provided a rechargeable battery characterised in that it -BUREA O PI comprises a casing designed to fit into a space occupied at present by one or more dry batteries, the casing containing one or more nickel cadmium cells, a charging unit connected to the nickel cadmium cell or cells and means for connecting the charging unit to a supply of electricity. Preferably the casing is divided into two compartments by a partition, one compartment housing the nickel cadmium cells and the other compartment housing the charging unit. The connecting means for the charging unit may comprise a connector socket opening to the exterior of the casing. Preferably the charging circuit is of the constant current type and may be constructed to operate either on a.c or d.c. The construction may also be such that the charger is able to ork on virtually any known electricity supply, for example ranging from 12volts d.c. up to 250volts a.c. Where the construction of the apparatus permits, the rechargeable batteries may be charged in situ without the necessity of removing them from the apparatus . The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings in which:- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the layout of a rechargeable battery in accordance with the invention which is intended to replace 2 U2 type dry cells ; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view showing a suitable layout of a rechargeable battery in accordance with the invention intended to replace a type 996 lantern battery; Figure 3 is a circuit diagram sho ing a suitable form of charging circuit for use with the rechargeable batteries in accordance with the invention, and Figure 4 is a fragmentary view of one form of inductive coupling for connection of the charging circuit with the mains. Referring firstly to Figure 1, the • rechargeable battery comprises an exterior casing 1 of insulating material, for example, having the shape of two series connected U2 dry cells. To this end the casing has a positive bubble type terminal 2 at one end and a negative flat terminal 3 at the other end. The casing 1 is divided into two, by a partitioning wall 4. To one side of this partition wall (the left side of the drawing) two series connected nickel cadmium cells 6 are housed. Because of the increase in efficiency of the nickel cadmium cells, the two cells 6 will provide the effective equivalent of the dry batteries which they are replacing. This capability enables the nickel cadmium cells 6 to be located in only one half of the casing. The other half of the casing carries recharging system 8 for the nickel cadmium cell 6. As can be seen, the charger 8 is arranged on a circuit board 10 which lies longitudinally in the casing and has at one end a mains socket 11 extending to the exterior of the casing OMPI 1 in the middle area thereof. This socket is connectable to the mains supply by a suitable flex. The circuit board 10 also mounts all the components necessary for providing the charging operation, the circuit details of which will be described in connection with Figure 3. In the charger illustrated d iagr a matically , in Figure 1, there can be seen a transformer 14 a regulating transistor 15 and other components . 10 Figure 2 shows the invention as applied to a different type of battery, in this case a type 996 square section battery which is usually used as a lantern battery. In this case, four nickel cadmium 15 cells 6 are used, only two of which are shown. The arrangement is generally similar to the battery shown in figure 1, comprising a casing 1 divided by a partition 4, the upper part' housing the nickel cadmium cells 6 and the lower part housing the charging circuit 20 8. In the present battery, both positive and negative terminals are in the form of spring contacts 20 and 21 respectively extending from the top 22 of the 25 casing 1. As a result, the mains socket 11 is situated in the base 23 of the battery and is located in the middle of the circuit board 10. Figure 3 shows a suitable circuit for charging 30 the nickel cadmium cells 6 of the batteries shown in figures 1 and 2. In this respect, however, it will be noted that the circuit shown has an additional feature X of being also chargeable from a d.c. source. 35 In the circuit shown. mains input 30 is connected to the primary of a step down transformer 32 (shown in figures 1 and 2 at 14). The secondary of this transformer 32 is connected to opposite corners of a bridge rectifier 33. The positive corner of the rectifier is connected through a diode 34 to the positive terminal of the nickel cadmium cells, one of which is shown at 35, this positive terminal also being connected to the positive terminal 36 of the battery. The negative corner of the bridge rectifier 33 is connected to the emitter of a control transistor 38 (shown in figures 1 and 2 at 15) via an emitter resistor 39, the collector of the transistor 38 being connected to the negative terminal of the nickel cadmium cells 35 and thus on to the negative terminal 40 of the battery. The base of the transistor 38 is connected to the series connection of a pre-set variable resistor 41- and two diodes 42 and 43, which series connection is connected directly across -the d.c. output corners of the bridge rectifier 33. A d.c. input 46 is also provided for enabling charging from a d.c. source. This input is in the form of a coaxial jack socket with an associated switch 47 which isolates the secondary of the transformer from the d.c. source when the jack plug is in position. The input leads from the d.c. input are thus connected to the a.c. corners of the bridge rectifier, thus ensuring that, whichever way the d.c. input is poled, the nickel cadmium cells are still charged with the correct polarity. It will be seen that with suitable values of the components, the circuit provides constant current charging and will enable the battery to be charged from almost any available supply of electricity. Thus, for -BU EA O PI example, 240 and llOv a.c. mains can be used as well as a 12volt d.c. source. It is desirable if, during the conduction of the battery the cells and the charging apparatus are potted in a suitable resin for both security and stability. Figure 4 shows one example, schematically of 10 the possibility of providing an inductive mains connection for the charging circuit instead of the necessity of providing a lead connection with this arrangement, the mains transformer 32 (Fig.3) is split into two, only the secondary winding being present in 15 the battery, the primary winding being separated from the secondary winding and being provided in a mains connection unit. Thus, as shown in Figure 4, a mains unit 51 is 20 provided with a seating 52 which is surrounded by the primary winding 53 of the transformer. The seating 52 is shaped to receive the bottom end 54 of the battery housing 55. As εeen a secondary winding 56 is located at this point of the battery housing together with the 25 transformer core 57. As an alternative to the arrangement shown, it is possible to provide an upstanding core of the mains unit which extends into a recess in the battery housing 30 so as to locate the two halves of the transformer. In another example, two partial cores are provided, one for each winding and the two cores are merely juxtaposed for charging purposes. 35 As stated previously, the present rechargeable OMPI 4355 battery may take the place of a single battery where the apparatus uses a single battery or may take up the area of two or more original dry batteries in an arrangement which occupies the same shape as the original dry cells. here the apparatus require a number of dry cells in certain circumstances, these may be replaced by an equal number of rechargeable nickel cadmium cells, each with their built-in charger as referred to above. It will be appreciated that various modifications can be made to the above described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the invention may be used in any circumstances where one or more dry batteries are used provided that the dry battery or the combination of batteries provides sufficient room for housing the nickel cadmium cells and the charging apparatus. While it may be usual to remove the batteries for recharging, where the apparatus in which they are used permits, they may be charged _i_n situ without harming the apparatus. An automatic circuit breaker would be provided to guard against overloads. This could operate on a thermal basis if reguired. So as to avoid the necessity of manual resetting, the breaker could be constructed to reset once the overload condition is removed. The switch contact 47 of the charging unit can be omitted, thus cutting out all mechanical moving parts. In this case two bridge rectifiers would be provided, connected in parallel, the low voltage input being connected, for example to the a.c. input of the second bridge rectifier. In this way it can be ensured that the load is automatically isolated. The exact charging circuit can of course be varied as circumstances dictate, there being a number of possible variations in known charging circuits which could be applied here. The location of the variou:; parts of the rechargeable battery can be varied in respect to the casing and casing of any desired shape may be used. OMP1

Claims: Claims 1. A rechargeable battery characterised in that it comprises a casing (1) designed to fit into a space occupied at present by one or more batteries; the casing (1) containing one or more nickel cadmium cells (6) , a charging unit (8) connected to the nickel cadmium cell or cells (6) and means (11,51) for connecting the charging unit (8) to a supply of electricity. 2. A battery as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the casing (1) is divided into two compartments by a partition (4), one compartment housing the nickel cadmium cells (6) and the other compartment housing the charging unit (8). 3. A battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the connecting means for the charging unit (8) comprises a connector socket (11) opening to the exterior of the casing(1). 4. A battery as claimed in claim 1,2 or 3, characterised in that the casing (1) has the same external shape as the dry battery it is intended to replace and has the same contact arrangements (2,3,20,21) so that it can replace the existing battery without modification. 5. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the charging unit (8) is a constant current charger. OΛΪPI Yλ: 6. ' A battery as claimed in claim 5, wherein two connection means are provided, one (11,30) for connection to an a.c. supply and one (46) for connection to a d.c. supply. 7. A battery as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that for connection to an a.c. supply, an inductive coupling (51,54) is provided. 8. A battery as claimed in claim 5,6 or 7, characterised in that the charging unit comprises a step down transformer (32) connected across a bridge rectifier (33), the bridge rectifier being connected by its remaining corners via a control circuit to the terminals of the nickel cadmium cell or cells (35) and to the battery terminals. 9. A battery as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the control circuit comprises a transistor (38) whose collector-emitter path is connected between the negative pole of the bridge rectifier (33) and the negative terminal of nickel cadmium cell or cells (35), the base of the transistor being connected to a series connection of a preset variable resistor (41) and two diodes (42,43) between the resistor (41) and the diodes (42,43), the series connection being connected directly across the d.c. output from the bridge rectifier (33). 10. A battery as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characte ised in that a d.c. connection (46) is provided having means for disconnecting the a.c. connection (30) when the d.c. connection is made. -W EA - * OMPI 11. A battery as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the d.c. connection (46) comprises a jack connection incorporating a cut off switch for the a.c. connection (30). 12. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 11, characte ised in that the a.c. connection is inductive and comprises the core (57) and secondary winding (56) of the transformer (32), the primary winding (53) being carried by a mains connection element (51). "SUREAI O PI

Inventors: BARKER PETER FREDERICK
Applicants: BARKER PETER FREDERICK
Application year: 1982
Main classification: H01M10
IPC codes: H01M10, H02J7, H02J17