CRIMP LOCATOR

Abstract: Apparatus for crimping the sleeve of a fitting on high pressure hose and the like consists of a hydraulic ram which is arranged to drive a plurality of die segments (26) into a bowl having a tapered die cavity to thereby cause radial constriction of the die segments upon the inserted hose fitting (38). Each of the die segments include a shoulder (35) thereon adjacent the crimping face (34) and extending radi­ ally inwardly to form, with other shoulders, a shelf upon which one end surface of the fitting may be positioned for accurately locating the sleeve of the fitting with respect to the crimp faces of the die segments.

Description: CRIMP LOCATOR This invention relates to machinery for permanently affixing hose fittings and the like to the ends of hose by crimping or radial compression of the collar of the fitting onto the hose. Machinery of this type is well establisbed in the art and is used extensively for manufacture of hose assemblies wherever fluids are to be transmitted between various components of fluid power devices. Hose assemblies typically are manufactured either as factory assemblies on a mass-production basis or as field-assembled devices where repair of the assembly is to be made or when a specialized form of assembly is desired. It is with field-assembly components that the instant invention is primarily concerned. In constructing hose assemblies it is essential that proper registration be made not only between the hose and the fitting but also between the fitting and the crimp machine so that crimp indentations can be made accurately at the location on the fitting and with respect to the hose gripped thereby, so as to achieve the secure grip envisioned by the designer. Typically, this involves an axial registration between the hose fitting and the crimp dies. Radial registration is usually automatically achieved, in that as the crimp dies contract the fitting will be shifted radially to a location to accommodate substantially equal forces from each of the crimping dies. Freedom for such radial shifting must, however, be provided in any locator device. In factory crimp situations, suitable specialized devices can usually be fabricated to provide the necessary axial registration. In field-crimp applications however, where a wide variety of hose fittings, sizes or applications are encountered, it is difficult to provide a simplified mechanism for guaranteeing that the optimum registration between fitting and machine is made. In the past, it has been left primarily to the operator to make such judgment, usually by making a visual sighting between a mark on the fitting and one on the die segments. This is unreliable however, not only because of errors in judgment which might be made by the operator but also because it is a difficult procedure with the crimp location not readily accessible or viewable. Attempts have been made in the past to providesuch crimp locator. For example, in U.S. Patent No. 4,034,592, two versions of such device are shown in Figures 3 and 9. One is an end locator suitable for straight end fittings while the latter may be used as well on bent end fittings. Both however have limitations, the former, as indicated, suited only for straight end fittings and the latter requiring the provision of an otherwise nonfunctional shoulder on the fitting. The latter device also necessitates several additional components for the crimp machine and is located so as to possibly interfere with the crimp operation and likely with the loading and removal of parts from the machine. A similar arrangement is shown in U.S. Patent No. 2,622,652 wherein a socket chuck is used to support a coupling in relation to crimp dies. Such arrangement is limited in requiring different size chucks for different size couplings and is useful primarily only for straight end fittings. A still closer approach is shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,115,797 wherein a locating shoulder is provided on each of a pair of dies in apparatus in which an internal mandrel swage is also utilized to secure a ferrule on a length of thin wall tube. There is no teaching in this patent that the dies of this apparatus undergo both radial and axial movement in the application of the ferrule and that the apparatus would be suited for the crimping of botb straight and bent fittings in which a hose end is retained. Further, the teachings of this patent are directed to a pair of dies in which only a linear relative movement is required rather than to the several die arrangement of the present invention, in which radial movement of all die segments is encountered. Generally stated, the invention provides means, such as a shoulder on the dies, for engagement by the hose coupling to maintain its axial position relative to the dies while crimping is taking place. More specifically the invention provides apparatus for permanently attaching a coupling of the type having a collar and an insert upon the end of flexible hose, comprising a hydraulically actuated tool for developing force for crimping said hose coupling, said tool having a base plate and ram axially movable relative to said base plate, a die cavity having a central aperture and a tapered surface surrounding said aperture, a plurality of die segments supported ip said die cavity in a circular array surrounding said aperture, said die segments having a tapered outer surface in engagement with the tapered surface of said die cavity and capable of being moved axially with respect thereto toward the narrow end of said die cavity in response to urging of said ram, to thereby be moved radially inwardly toward a crimping position, means in engagement with said die segments for securing simultaneous movement of said die segments into said die cavity and simultaneous movement of said die segments toward the radially constricted crimping position, said die segments having radially inner faces for engagement with said hose coupling upon their radial inward movement for crimping of said coupling, and means for engagement by said hose coupling for relatively positioning the house coupling axially with respect to said crimping faces and for maintaining said relative position until said coupling is fully crimped. The apparatus of the -present invention is especially suited for a crimping mechanism in which an axial motion of several crimping dies is converted to a radial constricting motion for compressing the collar of a fitting onto an inserted hose end. Although axial motion is encountered during the crimp cycle, this motion and the relative radial positioning are readily accommodated so that the crimp occurs at the proper location along the length of collar of the fitting. The plurality of crimping dies utilized provide a more nearly circular final crimp configuration, with crimp forces thereby more evenly distributed among the dies. Such evenly shared loading provides a more secure grip on the hose end, reducing chances for blow-off or mechanical breakage. Provision of a shoulder on each die segment, results in a shelf among the array of segments which can be referenced to the end of the fitting collar. The shelf allows radial movement of the fitting during crimping to provide equalization of the crimping forces and continuously supports the fitting during the cycle. Advantages of the embodiment of this invention hereinafter described include the capability for locating both bent and straight-end fittings, the capability for locating fittings for different hose sizes, an automatic registration scheme which can be made by touch alone, not requiring visual sighting, all accomplished without obstruction of the crimping area or adjacent areas which facilitates loading of the machine and production of hose assemblies of high integrity. An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a crimping machine of the invention, with ram extended and die segments fully contracted; Figure 2 is a plan view of the die segment assembly removed from the crimping machine with die segments in a non-contracted position; Figure 3 is a view, partly in section, of a portion of the crimping machine, showing a hose and fitting positioned in the die segment assembly, preparatory to the crimping operation; and Figure 4 is a view of the apparatus shown in Figure 3 at the completion of the crimping operation. Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a typical form of crimping machine 10 which is suited for the teachings of this invention. The machine comprises base plate 11 and upper support plate 12, separated from each other to provide a work zone therebetween and supported by tie rods 14 at each corner, the tie rods being threaded and secured at their ends by nuts 15. Supported from upper plate 12 is hydraulic cylinder 16 which includes an axially extendible and retractable ram 17, actuated from an external source of fluid under pressure. Crimping machine 10 is typically mounted at base plate 11 in a generally vertical disposition on suitable support brackets so that access may be had to the lower surface of the base plate for introducing hose and fittings for the crimping operation. In such disposition, ram 17 is moved along a generally vertical axis toward and away from base plate 11. A pusher member 18 is supported at the end of ram 17 for movement therewith and for extending the reach of ram 17. Pusher 18 is a generally tubular structure having a cutout section 19 at the front portion thereof to allow access to the interior thereof by the operator of the crimping machine and to allow the protrusion of the bent end of fittings when such are placed in the crimping machine. Base plate 11 includes a tapered die cavity 20 therein disposed in the central portion and in alignment with the axis of ram 17. Cavity 20 is generally of frustoconical configuration and extends through base plate 11, having a side wall 21 which terminates at the upper surface of base plate 11 in a large diameter and at the lower surface of base plate 11, in a smaller diameter. Disposed in die cavity 20 is a die segment assembly 22, shown in a lowermost position. Die ring 24 consisting of a circular plate with a central aperture is positioned over and in engagement with the die segment assembly 22 and with the lower end of pusher member 18 and is the device for limiting downward movement of ram 17, by means of engagement with the upper surface of base plate 11. Die assembly 22 is seen more clearly in Figures 2-4 as consisting of eight die segments 26 disposed in a circular array and forming a segmented ring structure which may be circumferentially and radially constricted and expanded. Each die segment 26 in this embodiment of the invention is of generally triangular configuration having a pair of flat side walls 28 intersected by an arcuate outer wall 29 conforming to the curvature of die cavity 20, thus tapering downwardly and inwardly and terminating at flat upper and lower surfaces 30, 31, respectively. Each die segment 26 includes a recess centrally of each of the side walls 28 and coil springs 32 are secured in the recesses between adjacent die segments 26 to retain the segments in a circular array and to resiliently bias the segments apart to an expanded position as shown in Figure 2. The die segments 26 may be further expanded from the position shown in Figure 2 to allow the insertion of bent hose ends and the like, and may be compressed against the bias of springs 32, so that adjacent side walls 28 are substantially in engagement. Each die segment 26 further includes an arcuate crimping face 34 intersecting side walls 28. The crimping face 34 is typically disposed parallel with the axis of the crimping machine 10 and extends from the upper surface 30 for a portion of the axial extent of die segment 26. At the lower end of crimping face 34 is shoulder 35 in the configuration of an arcuate ledge intersecting side walls 28 and extending radially inwardly of the crimping face 34. The shoulders 35 of all die segments 26, when in the die segment assembly 22, form a segmented, ring-like shelf which contracts and expands together with the die segments 26. Chamfer 36 may be provided at the lower end of each die segment 26, extending between shoulder 35 and lower surface 31 to facilitate placement of end fittings within the die assembly 22. The crimp locator feature provided by shoulders 35 is seen in Figures 3 and 4 in relation to end fitting 38 and hose end 39. Fitting 38 includes a tubular collar 40 into which is inserted hose end 39, the latter typically being a section of high pressure, reinforced flexible hose which may have other fittings or the like coupled at the opposite end. Fitting 38 typically includes as well, a tubular insert member which is inserted in the hose end 39 for internal support of the latter, and a free end 41 which may be a straight end threaded, for example, for attachment to a utilization device or a bent end which may extend at an angle from the axis of the hose end 39. In the latter instance such bent hose end may protrude through cutout 19 of pusher member 18, during the crimping operation. In the crimping operation end fitting 38 and hose end 39 are inserted from the bottom of crimping machine 10 through the die cavity 20 and through the die segment assembly 22, with all components being returned to rest in the position depicted in Figure 3. In this pre-crimp position die segment assembly 22 is supported in the die cavity 20 by its own weight and is retained in a slightly separated position, as indicated in Figure 2, by the bias of springs 32. In this position the crimping faces 34 of the die segments are spaced slightly from collar 40 of end fitting 38 and the lower edge 42 of the fitting rests on the ledge formed by shoulders 35. Die ring 24 is placed over die segments 26 and under the urging of ram 17 is moved downwardly into contact with the upper surface of base plate 11, moving the die segments 26 therewith toward the narrow end of the die cavity 20 to the final crimped position depicted in Figure 4. During such downward movement die segments 26 are moved in unison due to the engagement between the segments and die ring 24, axially into the tapered die cavity and radially inwardly to a radially and circumferentially constricted position. During this movement the crimping faces 34 of the die segments 26 have engaged the collar 40 of end fitting 38 and radially deformed it to the condition depicted in Figure 4. Also during this movement it will be noted that the lower edge 42 of collar 40 remains in contact with shoulders 35 and maintains the orientation of the collar 40 with respect to the crimping faces 34. At the completion of the crimping operation, ram 17 is retracted allowing die segments 26 to be separated and allowing hose fitting 38 to be removed in a procedure which is the reverse of the loading procedure previously described. It will be clear that the dimensions of shoulders 35 must be such as to provide support for the fitting prior to crimping, guidance during-the crimping operation, and yet not extend so far radially inwardly as to affect the loading and unloading of the fitting or deformation of the hose end 39. Similarly many different configurations of the crimp locator may be employed including changes in dimensions or shapes from that depicted. It will be clear that with this crimp locator, positioning of the fitting 38 may be made substantially only by feel by the operator and a reliable and secure crimp can be obtained at the proper location along the collar 40 to achieve a hose assembly of optimum performance.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Apparatus for permanently attaching a coupling of the type having a collar and an insert upon the end of flexible hose, comprising a hydraulically actuated tool for developing force for crimping said hose coupling, said tool having a base plate and ram axially movable relative to said base plate, a die cavity having a central aperture and a tapered surface surrounding said aperture, a plurality of die segments supported in said die cavity in a circular array surrounding said aperture, said die segments having a tapered outer surface in engagement with the tapered surface of said die cavity and capable of being moved axially with respect thereto toward the narrow end of said die cavity in response to urging of said ram, to thereby be moved radially inwardly toward a crimping position, means in engagement with said die segments for securing simultaneous movement of said die segments into said die cavity and simultaneous movement of said die segments toward the radially constricted crimping position, said die segments having radially inner faces for engagement with said hose coupling upon their radial inward movement for crimping of said coupling, and means for engagement by said hose coupling for relatively positioning the house coupling axially with respect to said crimping faces and for maintaining said relative position until said coupling is fully crimped. 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said positioning means is arranged to engage one end of said coupling and maintain the relative axial position between said one end of said coupling and said crimping faces of said die segments. 3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said positioning means permits limited radial movement of said coupling relative to said die segments prior to crimping so that said coupling may conform to said crimping faces of said die segments. 4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein said positioning means comprises ledge means on said die segments extending radially inwardly of said crimping faces and arranged to receive an edge of said hose coupling. 5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said ledge means comprises a shoulder on each die segment having a flat upper surface to support said hose coupling and to allow relative radial movement of said coupling with respect to said crimping die faces. 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein each said shoulder is an arcuate extension of said crimping face located at the lower end of said crimping face and generally of the same circumferential extent as said die segment thereby to form with other said shoulders, a ring-like shelf for support of said coupling while allowing relative axial movement of said coupling with respect to said die segments prior to the crimping operation.

Inventors: BURRINGTON, GEORGE C.
Applicants: PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION
Application year: 1982
Main classification: B25B27
IPC codes: B23P21, B21D39, F16B7, B23P19, B25B27, F16L33