NOVEL MACROLIDIC ANTIBIOTICS HAVING ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY, PROCESS AND MICROORGANISM FOR THEIR PREPARATION, AND RELATED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS

Abstract: The fermentation of a substrate selected among eryth­ ronolide B, erythronolide A and erythronolide A oxime with a novel mutant, Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771, ob­ tained from an industrial stock for the production of oleando­ mycin, said novel mutant being incapable of producing the same oleandomycin, permits novel macrolide antibiotics to be produced, having not only an activity range like that of eryth­ romycin, but characterized by a greater stability in acidic envi­ ronment, whereby for the administration of the antibiotic it is no longer necessary to have recourse to esters and/or salts highly toxic for the organism.

Description: Tbe present invention relates to novel antibiotics of the macrolide family. More specifically the present invention relates to novel macrolide antibiotics obtained both starting from erythronolide B having the formula: EMI1.1 namely a natural substrate which is the biosynthetic precursor of the erythromycin A, and from semisynthetic substrates such as erythronolide A, having the formula: EMI1.2 and erythronolide A oxime, having the formula EMI1.3 Another object of the present invention is a novel microorganism, Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 obtained by mutagenic treatment from Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891, producer of oleandomycin. It is known that the Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891, is capable of using a semisynthetic substrate (erythronolide A oxime) (LeMahieu et al, J. Antib., 1976, (7), 728), but not the aforesaid erythronolide B, which is a substrate which can be obtained by direct fermentation in relevant amounts and thus at economically feasible costs using micro-organisms producers of erythromycin and their mutants. On the other side it is known that erythromycin is highly unstable in acidic environnment, whereby the administration thereof must take place in form of esters and/or salts which, even if improve the stability, give place to well known properties tif the active principle, objectionable and unfavourable frorn the therapeutical point of view, such as hepatic toxicity, low tolerability and others. The oleandornycin by itself is known for its high toxicity. The main purpose of the present invention is that of providing novel antibiotics having activity like that of the erythromycin, but devoid of the afore mentioned disadvantages of this antibiotic and particularly stable in acidic environnment and administerable without the necessity of having recourse to toxic esters and/or salts. Another purpose of the present invention is that of providing a process for obtaining these antibiotics starting from a novel micro-organism, capable of using natural and semisynthetic substrates, particularly erythronolide B. A further purpose of the present invention is that of providing a composition having antibiotic activity for the treatment of diseases induced by germs and bacteria sensitive to the action of erythromycin and of like antibiotics. These purposes are achieved by means of the novel macrolide antibiotics and the related preparation process according to the present invention which is characterized in that for the fermentation, carried out in a per se known manner, a substrate selected among erythronolide B, erythronolide A and erythronolide A oxime and, as the fermentation agent, Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 are used. Another feature of the present invention resides in the preparation of the aforesaid fermentation agent, namely the Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 which is derived from the Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC11891 by mutagenic treatment with ultraviolet rays, with an emission maximum at 254 nm and at a dosage such as to kill about 99.6% of the spores, the desired micro-organism being furthermore characterized by the incapability of producing oleandomycin. By considering in a greater detail the novel macrolide antibiotics of the present invention, they shall be hereinafter individuated on the basis of the substrate from which they are prepared and on the basis of the characteristics of cromatographic analysis (the own reference of the Applicant being indicated in brackets). 1) 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(BS)-8-hydroxyerythronolide B (P 15148), having the formula: EMI2.1 lt is obtained from erythronolide B by means of the micro-organism of the present invention; at the thin layer chromatografic analysis (TLC) has R st of 0.8 with respect to the oleandomycin and Rst of 0.75 with respect to the erythromycin A. By using the anisaldehyde reagent (by which the oleandomycin takes violet colour and the erythromycin A brown colour) this antibiotic takes a purple colour. Under HPLC (high pressure liquid phase chromatography) the peak corresponding to P 15148 has a retention time with respect to erythromycin A of 0.69 and with respect to oleandomycin of 1.08. 2) 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-erythronolide B (P 15149), having the formula: EMI3.1 It is also obtained through fermentation of erythronolide B and has R st of 0.9 with respect to oleandomycin and R st of 0.85 with respect to erythromycin A. In the anisaldehyde test it is violet coloured. Under HPLC the peak corresponding to P 15149 has a retention time with respect to erythromycin A of 0.79 and with respect to oleandomycin of 1.22. 3) 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-15-hydroxyerythronolide B (P 15150), having the formula: EMI3.2 It is obtained by fermentation with Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 from erythronolide B as the substrate and has Rust of 0.47 with respect to the oleandomycin and Rust of 0.44 with respect to the erythromycin A. At the anisaldehyde test it is purple coloured. Under HPLC the peak corresponding to P 15150 has a retention time with respect to erythromycin A of 0.52 and with respect to oleandomycin of 0.80. Although the structure of the novel macrolide antibiotic P 15150 has not been certainly assessed, the chemical and physical data obtained suggest the above reported structure. 4) 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8S)-8,19-epoxyerythronolide B (P 15153), having the formula: EMI4.1 It is obtained by fermentation with the micro-organism of the invention from erythronolide B; at the thin layer chromatographic analysis (TLC) shows R st of 0.8 with respect to the oleandomycin and Rust of 0.75 with respect to erythromycin A. By using the anisaldehyde reagent this antibiotic appears violet coloured. Under HPLC the peak corresponding to P 15153 has a retention time with respect to erythromycin A of 0.64 and with respect to oleandomycin of 0.99. For the above four antibiotics, which are obtained in admixture from eryhronolide B, after 100 hours of fermentation and before the isolation, the total antibiotic activity, expressed as activity of erythromycin A, is about 120-150 mcg/ml. 5) P 15151. It is obtained from the fermentation -with Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 of erythronolide A and has R st of 0.88 with respect to oleandomycin and Rf of 0.8 with respect to erythromycin A. From the analysis of the culture broth, after 90 hours of fermentation, there is found an antibiotic activity, expressed as activity of erythromycin A, of about 70 mcg/ml. 6) P 15152. It is obtained from erythronolide A oxime, has Rf of 0.47 with respect to the oleandomycin and of 0.44 with respect to the erythromycin A. From the analysis of the culture broth, after 90 hours of incubation, there is detected a total antibiotic acitivty of about 50 mcg/ml (expressed as activity of erythromycin A), such an activity being however referred to the mixture of P 15152 and of another antibiotic, which is concomitantly produced, which is the same already described in J. Antib. (1976), 29, 728. Turning now to an examination of the novel macrolide antibiotics produced according to the present invention, they are all characterized by a bacteriostatic spectrum like that of erythromycin and by the statility in acidic environnment, whereby their direct administration by oral route is possible, without having recourse to esters and/or salts, showing the afore mentioned disadvantages and problems. The above is confirmed by the following table 1, wherein the MIC values are reported, indicating the bacteriostatic power, and by the table 2, giving the stability values in acidic environnment. Without having to be construed in a limiting sense, it seems plausible that the greater stability of the macrolide. antibiotics of the present invention can be attributed to the presence in the molecule of the antibiotic of the neutral sugar oleandrose (J. Antib. (1976) XXIX (7 ), 728). TABLE 1 Bacteriostatic power in solid medium of Erythromycin A, Erythromycin B, oleandomycin, P 15149, P 15148, P 15153, P 15150 on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Gram positive and Gram negative minimun inhibiting concentrations expressed in mog/ml. Microorganism Product Erythromy Erythromy oleandomy P 15149 P 15148 P 15153 P 15150 cin A cin B cin 1. AEROBIC A. Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 P LRP 39 0.049 0.097 0.39 0.78 1.56 0.195 3.12 " " " LRP 14## 0.049 0.195 0.39 0.78 1.56 0.195 3.12 " " " " 14154 LRP 78# > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 Streptococcus faecalis LRP 7 0.097 0.195 1.56 0.78 0.78 0.78 6.25 " " sub. zymogenes ATCC 12958 LRP 61 0.195 0.195 1.56 0.78 0.78 0.39 3.12 " pneumonieae ATCC 6303 LRP 35 0.012 0.024 0.195 0.097 0.195 0.049 0.195 " " LRP 52 0.012 0.024 0.195 0.097 0.195 0.049 0.195 " " LRP 53 0.012 0.024 0.195 0.097 0.097 0.024 0.39 " pyogenes ATCC 8668 LRP 34 0.012 0.024 0.195 0.097 0.195 0.049 0.097 " " LRP 197 0.012 0.024 0.195 0.097 0.195 0.049 0.097 Corynebacterium diphteriae LRP 24 0.006 0.012 0.097 0.049 0.097 0.024 0.097 Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 LRP 6 0.006 0.006 0.049 0.097 0.049 0.024 0.195 " " ATCC 15957 LRP 193 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 Bacillus subtilis LRP 25 0.049 0.049 0.39 0.039 0.78 0.195 3.12 B. Gram negative Haemphilus influenzae ATCC 19418 LRP 213 3.12 6.25 > 25 6.25 > 25 12.5 > 25 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ATCC 19424 LRP 214 0.049 0.097 0.195 0.195 1.56 0.195 0.195 Escherichia coli LRP 50 6.25 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 25 > 25 Klebsiella pneumoniae LRP 54 25 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380 LRP 13 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 Pseudomonas aeruginosa LRP 9 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 Salmonella typhi LRP 8 12.5 25 > 25 > 25 25 25 25 Shigella sonnei LRP 5 12.5 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 Acholeplasma laidlawii ATCC 23206 LRP 204 0.097 0.097 6.25 12.5 6.25 1.56 6.25 Mycoplasma hominis I ATCC 14097 LRP 211 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 > 25 2. ANAEROBIC Clostridium perfrigens ATCC 3624 LRP 206 1.56 1.56 3.12 12.5 25 3.12 6.25 Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 23745 LRP 205 0.195 0.195 0.39 3.12 6.25 6.25 > 25 Fusobacterium necrophorum ATCC 27852 LRP 210 1.56 6.25 6.25 > 25 > 25 25 > 25 Legenda: # Erythromicina resistant ## Penycilline resistant TABLE 2 Stability in acidic environnment at 25 C of the novel antibiotics in comparison with erythromycin A ERYTHROMYCIN A pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 t 1/2 (minutes) 2 6 120 P 15148 pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 t 1/2 (hours) 27 > 100 > 100 P 15149 pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 t 1/2 (hours) 18 > 100 > 100 P 15150 pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 t 1/2 (hours) > 100 > 100 > 100 P 15153 pH 2.0 3.0 4.0 t 1/2 (hours) 65 > 100 > 100 Note: t 1/2 represents the half life time of the antibiotics as determined by high pressure liquid phase chro matography (HPLC). The following examples illustrate, without limiting sense, the preparation of the Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 and of the novel antibiotics of the invention. EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of mutant Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 A suspension of spores of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891, producer of oleandomycin, has been subjected to mutagenic treatment with U.V. rays (emission maximum at 254 nm) at a dosage such as to kill about 99.6% of the spores (about 3000 erg/sp. cm.). The surviving spores have been seeded on a nutrient medium and the resulting colonies have been analized looking for their uncapability of producing oleandomycin, using the method described by A. Kelner (1949) J. Bact. 57, 73. The mutants blocked in the oleandomycin synthesis (about 2% of the surviving organisms) have been then analized with respect to their capability of recognizing and converting the substrates erythronolide B, erythronolide A and erythronolide A oxime, to novel compounds having antibiotic activity. EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of the antibiotics 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8S)-8-hydroxyerythronolide B (P 15148), 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-erythronolide B (P 15149), 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8R)-8.19-epoxy-erythronolide B (P 15153) and 3-0oleandorsyl-5-O-desosaminyl-15-hydroxyerythronolide B (P 15150). Method A The mutant Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 is maintained on agarized culture slants of the following medium: peptone 0.2 grams per 100 mls glycerine 0.5 grams per 100 mls sugar can molasses 0.5 grams per 100 mls K2HPO4 0.1 grams per 100 mls MGSO4.7H2O 0.05 geams per 100 mls NaCI 0.5 grams per 100 mls FeSO4. 7H20 0.001 grams per 100 mls CoCI2.6H20 0.002 grams per 100 mls agar 2.0 grams per 100 mls distilled water to volume pH corrected to 7.0 With a spore amount taken from one slant a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask is seeded, containing 50 ml of cultivation medium having the following composition: dextrose 1.5 grams per 100 mls soy bean meal 3.0 grams per 100 mls yeast autolysate 0.1 grams per 100 mls MgSO4.7H20 0.1 grams per 100 mls calcium carbonate 1.0 grams per 100 mls soy bean oil 0.6 grams per 100 mls distilled water to volume The flask is incubated at 280 on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm for 24 hours. After this time, a 10 litre glass fermentor containing antibiotics of the present invention can be 5 litres of the aforesaid medium is seeded with 15 mls of this culture. The fermentor is incubated at 280C, under 800 rpm stirring and with an air flow of 0.6 v/v/min. for 16 hours. At the end of this period, 3.5 litres of the above culture are used for seeding a 200 litre steel fermentor containing 100 litres of the following medium: dextrose 5.0 grams per 100 mls soy bean meal 2.0 grams per 100 mls dried baker yeast 0.4 grams per 100 mls corn meal 1.6 grams per 100 mls calcium carbonate 3.0 grams per 100 mls NaCl 0.3 grams per 100 mls fat oil 1.0 grams per 100 mls tap water to volume The incubation is carried out at 280C with 250 rpm stirring and an aeration of 1 v/v/min. After 32 hour growth the culture is added with 75 g of erythronolide B and the incubation is continued for further 68 hours. At the end of this time a sample of the culture broth is filtered and extracted at pH 8.5 with an equal volume of CH2Cl2. The extract is analyzed by TLC on silica gel plates developed for 2 hours with the system CH2Cl2:95% methanol: conc. NH40H (90: 10: 1). By this plate a bioautography is effected against Micrococcus luteus (Sarcina lutea) ATCC 9341 or alternatively the plates can be sprayed with an anisaldehyde reagent (0.5% v/v of anisaldehyde in a mixture of methanol: glacial acetic acid: conc. sulfuric acid, (85 : 10 : 5)) and heated to 1200C for 5 minutes. Under the above fermentation conditions and parallelly to the use of the erythronolide B, four novel substances having antibiotic activity and indicated by the references P 15148, P 15149, P 15150 and P 15153 are produced. Under TLC these substances show Rust values of 0.8, 0.9, 0.47 and 0.8 with respect to the oleandomycin. With respect to erythromycin these Rst values are 0.75, 0.85, 0.44 and 0.75. By using the anisaldehyde reagent, the products P 15148, P 15150 and P 15153 appear purple coloured, whereas P 15149 is violet coloured (the oleandomycin is violet, whereas the erythromycin is brown). A sample of the organic extract is also controlled under HPLC. To this end it is evaporated to dryness, taken with acetonitrile and injected in column (RP810 /um 25 cm; mobile phase 0.01 M pH 7 phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (36: 64); flow 2 mls/min; column temperature 400C). For the novel substances P 15148, P 15149, P 15150 and P 15153 peaks are detected with retention time's with respect to erythromycin A of 0.69, 0.79, 0.52 and 0.64 and with respect to oleandomycin of 1.08, 1.22, 0.80 and 0.99. After 100 hours of fermentation the total antibiotic activity, expressed as activity of erythromycin A, is about 120 to 150 mcg/ml. The stirring is reduced to a minimum by stopping the air feeding and the temperature is lowered to 1500. A fermenting culture of Streptomyces erythreus NRRL 2338 is prepared according to the conditions described in the German open application (OS) 1900647 of August 13, 1970. By adding 4% v/v n-propanol, after 144 hours of fermentation, in the culture broth about 500 mcg/ml of erythronolide B and traces of erythromycin (less than 20 mcg/ml) are obtained. At this time the culture is centrifugated and the clear surnatant is sterilized by filtration. A vegetating culture of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 is prepared according to the procedure described in the method A. A second growing passage is carried out under the same conditions by seeding with 1 ml of vegetating culture a second 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mls of the culture medium of example 2. With 1.0 mls of second growth culture a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask is seeded, containing 30 mis of the following culture medium: dextroese 5.0 grams per 100 mls soy bean meal 2.0 grams per 100 mls baker yeast 0.2 grams per 100 mls maize meal 0.3 grams per 100 mls calcium carbonate 2.0 grams per 100 mls tap water to volume The flask is incubated at 280C on rotary shaker at 250 rpm. After 32 hours of incubation the flask is added with 10 mls of the afore described clear surnatant and the incubation is continued for further 64 hours. The culture is analized according to the procedure described in the example 1. A total antibiotic activity (expressed as activity of erythromycin A) of about 30 mcg/ml is obtained; by HPLC the presence of the four novel antibiotics P 15148, P 15149, P 15150 and P 15153 as well as traces of erythromycin A are detected. In the control flasks, for which no addition of the filtrate containing erythronolide B took place, the antibiotic activity is absent. EXAMPLE 3 Purification of the antibiotics 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8S)-8-hydroxyerythronolide B (P 15148), 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminylerythronolide B (P 15149), 3 O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8R)-8,19-epoxyerythronolide B (P 15153) and 3-0oleandro syl-5-O-15-hydroxyerythronolide B (P 15150). To the final fermentation mixture, reported in the example 2 (method A), there are added under stirring 30 litres of a 10% w/v ZnSO4 solution and 30 litres of a 2% w/v NaOH water solution. After addition of a filtration aid, the solid content is removed by filtration through a rotary filter under vacuum after continuous washing of the solid on the filter cake. The washed solids are disposed and, at the end of the filtration, 150 litres of clear filtrate are recovered. The filtrate is then salted with a suitable salt, such as NaCI, Na2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 and the like added in an amount of 15 to 25% w/v in order to facilitate the subsequent extraction with a suitable solvent not miscible with water. The pH of the filtrate is corrected to between 5.4 and 6.2 by means of diluted acids, such as for instance phosphoric or acetic acid. By this operation the inactive solids are precipitated and then removed by filtration. A suitable solvent not miscible with water such as butyl acetate, chloroform, me thylisobutylke tone, methylene chloride or dichloroethane is contacted, by means of a continuously operating centrifugal extractor, with the clear filtrate, in a ratio of between 20 and 50% v/v. The operation is repeated twice and the organic phases are combined. The combined organic phases prevailingly contain P 15149. In the aqueous phase P 15148, P 15150, P 15153 and residual P 15149, not completely extracted from the organic phase, are present. The organic phase (about 100 litres) is distilled under vacuum at low temperature td a volume of about 10 litres, Under vigorous stirring there are added 3 litres of 10 4M acetate buffer at a pH of about 4.0 and the phases gre then separated. The operation is repeated three times and at the end all the P 15149 is present in the acqueous phase; the solvent, containing much impurities, is disposed. The combined aqueous phases are brought to a pH of about 8.0 with diluted NaOH and then extracted three times with 3 litre fractions of an organic solvent such as methylethylketone or butyl acetate. The water phase is disposed and the organic phases are combined and dried onto anhydrous Na2SO4. The dried solution is distilled under vacuum at low temperature to a volume of 500 mis, To 5 litres of a non polar solvent, such as hexane or petroleum ether heated to about 400C there are added, under stirring, 500 mis of the concentrated solution; the addition is completed over about 1 hour. At the end of the addition the heating is stopped and the mixture is cooled slowly to +50C. After about 2 hour standing at that temperature, the precipitation of P 15149 which already began at about 1800 is completed. The white and fluffly precipitate is filtered, washed with solvent and dried, giving place to 4.2 g of P 15149 which at HPLC analysis show a purity of 85%. In order to obtain n an analitically pure sample it is necessary to further purify the so lid by means of column chromatography on silica gel according to the method indica ted by N.L. Oleinick, J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 244, N. 3, pag 727 (1969). The 25- 80 fractions, containing 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-deoxaminyl-erythronolide B (P 15149) are combined, evaporated to dryness under vacuum at 500C, and crystallized from acetone-n-hexane, giving 1.835 g of P 15149 having the following characteri stics: m.p.: 128-1310C 20 [&alpha;]D20 68.2 (C= 1 in methanol); UV (methanol) 290 nm (# 59.8); IR (KBr) 3490, 1720, 1700 (shoulder), 1460, 1380, 1335, 1275, 1250 (shoulder), 1180, 1160, 1140, 1105, 1075, 1050, 1000, 945, 920, 890, 830 cm 1 (fig. 1). The analysis for C 36H 65NO12 gave the following values: calculated (%): C 61.43; H 9.30; N 1.99 found (%): C 61.34; H 9.38; N 2.05 The aqueous phases containing P 15148, P 15150, P 15153 and P 15149 (not completely extracted) are made alkaline with diluted NaOH, extracted several times with an equal volume of CH2Cl2. Before each extraction the pH of the aqueous phase is brought again to-9. By TLC and HPLC control it is possible to individuate the extracts containing only the antibiotic P 15150 (more soluble than the others in water phase) and the extracts still containing P 15148, P 15149, P 15150 and P 15153 together. The organic phases containing only P 15150 are combined and evaporated under vacuum at 5000 to dryness, giving 3.4 g of P 15150 with the following chemical and physical characteristics: (i 720 -550 (C = 1 in methanol); UV (methanol) 288 nm (±42); -D IR (KBr) 3460, 1715, 1700 (shoulder), 1455, 1375, 1330, 1300, 1270, 1255, 1240, 1170, 1105, 1070, 1045, 1000, 990, 980, 940, 915, 885, 825 cm-Ú(fig.2) The corresponding hydrochloride has melting point 160-163 C (acetone). The analysis for C 36H 65NO13 gave the following results: calculated (%): C 57.17; N 8.80; N 1.85; Cl 4.69 found (%): C 56.92; H 8.77; N 1.91; Cl 4.59 The other organic phases, still containing P 15150 and the remaining antibiotics are evaporated to dryness under vacuum at 500C and the obtained residue is purified in a silica gel column according to the aforesaid method of N.L. Oleinick. By carrying out the elution with the solvent indicated in this method fractions are collected containing only P 15149 (fractions 52 to 110), P 15148 (fractions 130 to 185), P 15143 (fractions 260 to 450).When from the TLC and HPLC control it appears that the eluted fractions no longer contain P 15153, the elution solvent is changed. By eluting with isoropyl alcohol-acetone (1:1.5) the fractions containing only the antibiotic P 15150 are collected. The fractions 52 to 110, combined and evaporated to dryness under vacuum at 50 C gave 0.425 g of 3-O-oleandrosylr5-O-desosaminyl-erythronolide B (P 15149), which after crystallization from acetone n-hexane shows chemical and physical character istic equal to those reported for the P 15149 previously isolated. The fractions 130 to 185, combined and evaporated to dryness under vacuum at 500C, gave 3.2 g of 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8S)-8-hydroxy-erythronolide B (P 15148), after crystallization from acetone, characterized by: m.p. 204-206 C [&alpha;]20D - 48.35 (C= 1 in methanol); UV (methanol) 280 nm (# 39.2) IR (KBR) 3590, 3520, 3440 (broad), 3280 (broad), 1725, 1455, 1380, 1365, 1305, 1280, 1270, 1260, 1175, 1155, 1095, 1060,1050,1020, 1005, 970, 935, 915,885,875,820 cm 1 (fig. 3). The analysis for C36H65NO13 gave the following values: calculated (%): C 61.43; H 9.30; N 1.99 found (%): C 61.34; H 9.38; N 2.05 The fractions 260 oto 450, combined and evaporated to dryness under vacuum at 500C, gave 10.3 g of 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8S)-8,19-epoxy-erythronolide B (P 15153), after crystallization from acetone/n-hexane, with the followig chemical and physical characteristics: m.p. 125-130cC - 2027.70 (C = 1 in methanol); UV (methanol) 288 nm ( µ 42) 0Q'D IR (KBr) 3485, 1720, 1460, 1380, 1330, 1305, 1270, 1170, 1140,1110, 1075, 1050, 1000, 930, 920, 890, 830 cm¯1 (fig. 5) The analysis for C36H63NO13 gave the following values: calculated (%): C 60.23; H 8.85; N 1.95 found (%): C 60.12; H 8.75; N 1.79 By evaporation under vacuum of the fractions collected with isopropyl alcohol-aceton (1:1.5) and subsequent crystallization from acetone/n-hexane, 15.4 g of P 15150 are obtained with the same properties previously indicated. EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of the antibiotic P 15151 To a fermenting culture of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 prepared in a flask according to the procedure described in the example 2, there are added, after 30 hours of incubation, 15 mg of erythronolide A prepared starting from erythromycin A according to the method described in J. Med. Chem. (1974), 17, 953. After further 60 hours of incubation, the culture broth is analyzed as described in the example 2 and an antibiotic activity of about 70 mcg/ml (expressed as activity of erythromycin A) is found. By TLC analysis a novel active substance, P 15151, is found, having Rf 0.8 with respect to the erythromycin A and 0.88 with respect to the oleandomycin. This compound is furthermore different from the antibiotics P 15148, P 15149, P 15150 and P 15153. EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of the antibiotic P 15152 To a flask containing a culture of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771, prepared according to the procedure described in the example 4, there are added, after 30 hours of incubation, 15 mg of erythronolide A oxime, chemically prepared according to the method described in J. Med. Chem. (1974), 17, 953. After further 60 hours of incubation, the culture broth is analized as described in the example 2 and a total antibiotic activity of about 50 mcg/ml (expressed as activity of erythromycin A) is revealed. By TLC analysis there are found two active substances, one of which is the same described in J. Antib. (1976), 29, 728, (Rf 0.73 with respect to the oleandomycin), whereas the second one is novel and is indicated by the reference P 15152, having Rf 0.47 with respect to the oleandomycin and 0.44 with respect to erythromycin A. It is to be pointed out that, within the scope of the present invention, there are contemplated also the other possible uses of the Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 as regards the introduction in the moleule of precursors, either novel or already known, of macrolide antibiotics, the oleandrose meant as an agent giving stability in acidic environnment and thus promoting the administration by oral route.

Claims: CLAIMS 1) Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 as an agent for the production of macrolide antibiotics and characterized by the incapacity of producing oleandomycin. 2) A process for the preparation of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 according to claim 1, characterized in that spores of a stock of Streptomyces antibioticus producer of oleandomycin are subjected to a mutagenic treatment with U.V. rays at a dosage such as to kill not less than 99% of the spores, and the residual spores are selected on the basis of the incapacity of producing oleandomycin and on the basis of the capacity of recognizing and converting substrates selected in the class comprising erythronolide B, erythronolide A and erythronolide A oxime. 3) A process according to claim 2, characterized in that said stock undergoing the mutagenic treatment is Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891. 4) A process according to claim 2, characterized in that said irradiation is carried out with a maximum of emission of the U.V. rays at 254 nm and with a dosage of about 3000 erg/sq.cm. 5) 3-O-oleandrosvl-5-O-desosaminvl-(85)-ss-hvdroxvervthromplide B. havino the formu Ia EMI14.1 6) 3-O-oleandrosvl-5-O desosam:nvl ervthronolide Ii, having the formula: EMI14.2 7) 5-U-oieandrosyt--U-desosaminyl-l5-nyaroxyerytflronolide B, having the formula: EMI14.3 d) 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminyl-(8R)-8,19-epoxy-erythronolide B, having the formula EMI15.1 9) A process for the preparation of macrolide antibiotics, characterized in that a culture broth of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 and, during a fermentation carried out in a per se known manner, it is added with a substrate selected among erythronolide B, erythronolide A and erythronolide A oxime, the single antibiotics, individuated by TLC and like methods, being then isolated. 10) A process according to claim 9, characterized in that said substrate is erythronolide B and the incubation is carried out for 100 hours, where after in a sample of the culture broth the presence and the identity of the produced antibiotics are assessed, by means of TLC and of bioautography or by spraying of the plates with anisaldehyde rageent, the fermentation broth being then subjected to filtration, salting out and extraction with an organic solvent, an organic phase and an aqueous phase being then separated. 11) A process according to claim 10, characterized in that from the organic phase, by per se known operations, the macrolide antibiotic of the claim 7 is isolated, having Rst 0.9 with respect to the oleandomycin and Rst 0.85 with respect to erythromycin, and being purple coloured at the test with anisaldehyde reagent. 12) A process according to claim 10, characterized in that from the acquous phase, by means of operations of solvent extractions and on the basis of solubility differences, the macrolide antibiotics of the claims 5, 7 and 8 are isolated, respectively having R st 0.8, 0.47 and 0.8 with respect to oleandomycin and R st 0.75, 0.44 and 0.75 with respect to erythromycin, and being purple coloured at the test with anisaldehyde reagent. 13) A process according to claim 9, characterized in that a culture broth of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 is prepared and, in the course of a fermentation carried in a per se known manner it is added with erythronolide A, the incubation being then continued for further 60 hours, whereafter, after the control and the individuation of the antibiotics produced by the fermentation, their isolation is effected. 14) A process according to claim 13, characterized in that a novel macrolide antibiotic is obtained, P 15151, having Rf 0.8 with respect to erythromycin A and Rf 0.88 with respect to oleandomycin. 15) A process according to claim 9, characterized in that a culture broth of Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 31771 is prepared and, in the course of a fermentation carried out in a per se known manner, it is added with erythronolide A oxime, and the incubation is continued for further 60 hours, whereafter, after control and individuation of the antibiotics produced in the fermentation, the thus produced antibiotics are isolated. 16) A process according to claim 15, characterized in that there is produced an antibiotic, P 15152, having Rf 0.47 with respect to oleandomycin and Rf 0.44 with respect to erythromycin A.

Inventors: CAPPELLETTI, LEONARDO M., SPAGNOLI, ROBERTO, TOSCANO, LUCIANO
Applicants: PIERREL S.P.A.
Application year: 1982
Main classification: C07H17
IPC codes: C12P19, C07H17, A61K31, A61P31, C12R1, C12N1