SOIL CULTIVATING IMPLEMENTS

Abstract: In a soil cultivating implement or rotary harrow of the kind which comprises a row of soil working members that are rotatable above the upwardly extending axes of corres­ ponding shafts (3) and a ground roller (18) which is disposed rearwardly of the row of soil working members with respect to the intended direction of operative travel (A) of the implement, the roller (18) is pivotally (11) connected to the top of a frame portion or gear box (1) of the implement by a support (39) which comprises a carrier (15) of the roller and two forwardly directed arms (13) which arms fit exactly between corresponding pairs of upright support plates (9, 10). The arms (13) and the carrier (15) are highly resistant to torsional deformation. The arms (13) are spaced from one another and from the opposite ends of the frame portion or gear box (1) and a manually operable adjustment mechan­ ism (25) has crank handles (28, 29) at both its front and rear enabling adjustments to be made from the driving seat of an operating tractor or from the rear of the implement.

Description: SOIL CULTIVATING IMPLEMENTS This invention relates to soil cultivating implements or machines of the kind which comprise a plurality of soil working members journal led in a gear box so as to be rotatable about upwardly-extending axes and which also comprise a ground roller located behind the soil working members and gear box with respect to the intended direction of operatiVe travel of the implement or machine in such away as to be bodily upwardly and downwardly displaceable relative to said members and gear box The expression "implement(s) or machine(s)" will be shortened;to "implement(s)" alone throughout the remainder of this document for the sake of brevity. In known implements of the kind set forth which have working widths of two metres or more, the ground roller is connected to a frame portion, comprising said gear box, by plate-like arms coupled to the;ends.'off.the frame portion, said arms having very little resistance to torsional deformation. With this known construction, the ends of the frame portion need to be strengthened to carry the arms reliably and such strengthening is often accomplished by welding heavy vertical plates to a lower part of the frame portion which plates also have ¯ to be joined to an upper part of the frame portion or gear box. The required lubricant-sealed junctions are frequently difficult, and thus expensive, to produce; It is, accordingly an object of the present invention to overcome, or at least to reduce, the disadvantages briefly discussed above and, in one aspect, the invention provides a soil cultivating implement of the kind set forth, characterised in that a support of said ground roller comprises a carrier having resistance to torsional deformation which carrier extends lengthwise along the ground roller by at least one arm that is also resistant to torsional deformation. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a soil cultivating implement of the kind set forth, characterised in that a support of said ground roller comprises a carrier having resistance to torsional deformat ion which carrier extends lengthwise along the ground roller and comprises a part that extends forwardly with respect to the intended direction of operative travel of the implement and at least partly between two upright supports. For a better understanding of the invention,and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of a soil cultivating implement in the form of a rotary harrow constructed in accordance with the invention shown connected to the rear of an agricultural tractor, Figure 2 is a side elevation corresponding to Figure 1 Figure 3 is section, to an enlarged scale, taken on the line III-III in Figure 1, Figure 4 is an elevation as seen in the direction indicated by an arrow IV in Figure 3, Figure 5 corresponds to Figure 2,partially, but illustrates the use of an alternative form of adjustment indicator, and Figure 6 partially corresponds to Figure 2 and sO Figure 5 but illustrates an alternative fluid-pressure operated adjustment mechanism. Referring firstly to Figures 1 to 4 inclusive of the accompanying drawings, the soil cultivating imple .ment that is illustrated therein is in the form of a rotary harrow and comprises a hollow box-section frame portion 1 of elongate configuration that extends substantially horizontally transverse and usually, as illustrated, substantially horizontally perpendicular to the intended direction of operative travel of the implement that is indicated in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings by an arrow A. The hollow frame portion 1 takes the form of an assembly of plates that includes a lower substantially channel-shaped plate having horizontal flanges to which an upper planar and substantially horizontally disposed cover plate is firmly but releasabZy secured byaplurality of substantially regularly spaced apart and substantially vertically disposed bolts 2. A plarality, of which there are twelve in the example that is being described, of upwardly extending shafts 3 are rotatably journalled in bearings carried by the upper and lower walls of the frame portion 1 in such a way that their axes of rotation are contained in a single plane that is parallel to the transverse lengths the frame portion 1 with the parallel axes of rotation regularly spaced apart from one another in said plane by distances which advantageously, but tlot essentially, have magnitudes of substantially 25 centi metres In the embodiment which is being described, each shaft 3 is vertically or substantially verticallydisposed. The lowermost end of each shaft 3 projects downwardly from beneath the bottom of the hollow frame portion 1 and there has the hub of a corresponding rotary soil working member 4 firmly but releasably secured to it in such a way that each member 4 cannot move either rotatably or axially relative to the shaft 3 concerned. Each rotary soil working member 4 comprises a substantially horizontally disposed carrihe opposite ends of which are rigidly or integrally mounted two sleeve-like holders in which upper fastening portions of rigid cultivating members in the form of tines 6 are firmly but releasably secured. Each shaft 3 is provided, inside the hollow frame portion 1 with a corresponding straight-toothed or spur-toothed pinion 7 , the sizes of the twelve. (in this embodiment) pinions 7 being such that, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings, the teeth of each pinion 7 are in driven and/or driving and driven mesh with those of the or each immediately neighbouring pinion in the single row thereof that is contained within the hollow frame portion 1. It will be seen that, with this arrangement, each pinion 7, together with the corresponding shaft 3 and rotary soil member 4, will revolve, during the operation of the implement, in a direction which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the or'each immediately neighbouring similar assembly, small arrows in Figure 1 of the drawings indicating the directions of operative rotation. The opposite ends of the hollow frame portion 1 are closed by simple upright plates 49 (Figure 2) of inverted trapeziform shape and, at two locations which are substantially one quarter of the distance from one end of the frame portion 1 towards the opposite end thereof, two substantially horn; #nta11y'disposed plates 8 are mounted on top of the cover plate of the hollow frame portion 1, the two plates 8 being secured to the hollow frame portion 1 by appropriately positioned ones of-the bolts 2 that secure the cover plate of the frame portion 1 to the underlying substantially channel-shaped part thereof. As seen in plan view (Figure 1 the two plates 8 are located midway between the shafts 3 that correspond to the third and fourth rotary soil working members 4 along the single row thereof counting from corresponding ends of that row. Each substantially horizontal plate 8 is provided, adjacent to the opposite edges thereof that extend parallel or substantially parallel to the direction A,with inner and outer (with respect to the centre of the frame portion 1) upright supports 9 and 10 that are substantially vertically parallel to one another and to the direction A and that extend throughout most, but not all, of the lengths of the hollow frame portion 1 as measured in the direction A. It will be seen from the drawings that, whilst the upper and lower edges of the two inner supports 9 are substan-tially horizontally parallel to one another, the upper edge of each outer support 10 is downwardly and forwardly inclined from rear to front with respect to the direction-A. As seen in plan view (Figure 1), a strong horizontal pivot pin 11 interconnects the leading ends of the two tenner and outer upright supports 9 and 10 of each pair and extends substantially parallel to the transverse length of the horizontal frame portion 1 at a location above and towards the front of that frame portion 1 with respect to the direction A. Each of the two substantially coaxial pivot pins 11 is surrounded, between the corresponding pair of supports 9 and 10, by a horizontal sleeve 12 to which is secured the leading end of a rearwardly extending arm 13 which is in the form of a hollow beam of rectangular, and preferably square, cross section, said beam thus being of a construction that is resistant -to torsional deformation. The rearmost ends of the two arms 13, which are behind the hollow frame portion 1 with respect to the direction A, are coupled to a carrier 15 of hollow formation and square cross section (see Figure 2) by means which includes upper and lower pairs of'parallelstr#ngtheningpiatesI4.As can be seen in the drawings , the two upper and lower strengiSening plates 14 of each pair are located at the inner and relatively facing sides of the two arms 13. The formation of the carrier 15 is such that said carrier has a strong resistance to torsional deformation, it being possible for it to have a rectangular, rather than strictly square, cross section, if preferred. The carrier 15 has substantially the same length in a horizontal direction that is perpendicular to the direct ton A as does the hollow frame portion 1 and its opposite ends substantially register in the direction A, with the opposite ends of the frame portion. The free ends of the carrier 13 carry downwardly and rearwardly, with respect to the direction A, support plates 16 (Figures 1 and 2), each support plate 16 being substantially rectangular as seen in side elevation (Figure2). A ground roller 18 is mounted in a freely rotatable manner between substantially horizontal bearings carried at the rearmost and lowermost ends of the two support plates 16, stub shafts 17 at the opposite ends of the roller 18 being arranged to co-operate rotatably with said bearings. The ground roller 18 comprises a central axially extending shaft-to whicha-piurality such as seven, of circular pport plates 20 are secured at regularly spaced part intervals which are such that one of said support plates 20 is located close to each opposite end of the roller 18. Each circular support plate 20 is formed, close to its edge, with ap-1#raI4:ty such as ten, of regularly spaced apart holes through which elongate elements 19 of tubular or rod formation are entered in such a way as, preferably, to extend helically around the axis of rotation of the ground roller 18. The elongate elements 19 are releasable from the roller 18 and the maximum possible number, or a reduced number, thereof may be employed having regard to the nature and condition of the soil that is to be dealt with by the implement. Brackets that are secured to the top and front of the hollow frame portion 1, with respect to the direction A, secure a coupling member or trestle 21 to that frame portion 1 at a location midway between the opposite lateral sides or ends thereof, said coupling member or trestle 21 being of generally triangular configuration as seen in front or rear elevation. Tie beams 22 interconnect plates at the apex of the coupling member or trestle 21 and the two inner upright supports 9. The plates at the apex of the coupling member or trestle 21 include apertured lugs 27 arranged to co-operate pivotally with the upper lifting link of a three- point lifting device or hitch carried by an agricultural tractor or other operating vehicle of the implement. Lower portions of the coupling member or trestle 21 carry forwardly projecting lugs 27A to which the two lower lifting links of the same three-point lifting device or hitch can be connected in the generally known manner that is illustrated in outline in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings employing substantially horizontally aligned pivot pins. Tvio horizontally spaced apart lugs 23 project substantially vertically upwards in parallel relationship with one another at a location midway along the transverse length of the upper surface of the beam which affords the carrier 15. Substantially horizontally aligned trurunion pins 24 turnably mount an adjustment mechanism 25 between the upper ends of the two lugs 23. Wrie adjusting mechanism 25 is of a basically known kind which incorporates a screwthreaded rod which can be rotated in a matchingly screwthreaded part of a cylinder to increase, or decrease, the effective lengths of the mechanism 25, as may be reqyired. In this case, however, the screw-threaded rod of the mechanism 25 projects from both opposite axial ends of the cylinder and is provided, at those ends, with corresponding upper and lower crank handles 28 and 29. An upper nonthreaded portion of the screw-threaded rod passes between the lugs 27 at the top of the coupling member or trestle 21, a block being arranged around said portion of the rod at this point by way of a plain internal bore through which the rod is entered. The block is turnably connected to the two lugs 27 by a pair of horizontally aligned trunnion pins 26 and means are arranged so that the rod of the adjustment mechanism 25 can rotate freely in the block but cannot move axially relative thereto to any significant extent. It will be apparent that the rod of the mechanism 25 can be rotated from either end by adjusting the upper crank handle 28 or the lower crank handle 29, the upper crank handle 28 being adjacent to the upper coupling point of the coupling member or trestle 21 and almost always being accessible from the driving seat of an agricultural tractor that is used to move and operate the implement without the driver of that tractor actually having to leave his/her seat. The lower crank handle 29 is disposed substantially vertically above the ground roller 18 and can conveniently be manipulated by an operator standing on the ground immediately to the rear of thecentre of the implement. It will be apparent that rotating the rod of the adjustment mechanism 25 in an appropriate direction will either increase or decrease the distance between the pair of trunnion pins 24 and the pair of trunnion pins 26. This change in the effective length of the mechanism 25 can only be accomodated by turning the arms 13, the carrier 15 and the roller 18 upwardly or downwardly about the substantially horizonat ally aligned pivot pins 11. If the roller 18 is moved upwardly relative to the frame portion 1 and rotary soil working members 4, then the tines 6 of those members 4 will be able to penetrate more deeply into the ground during the operation of the implement and, conversely, if the roller 18 is lowered relative to the frame portion 1 and soil working members 4, the maximum depth of penetration of the tines 6 into the soil which is possible will be reduced. It is noted that, as seen in Figure 2 of the drawings, the roller 18 is shown turned downwardly about the aligned pivot pins 11 to the maximum possible extent in which position of adjustment the lower faces of the arms 13 are in contact with the upper surfaces of the plates 8 on the hollow frame portion 1. One of the centre pair of rotary shafts 3 in the single row of those shafts is extended upwardly through the cover plate of the hollow frame portion 1 into a gear box 30 that is mounted on top of the hollow frame portion 1. A shaft and bevel pinion transmission within the gear box 30 places the upward extension of said shaft 3 in driven connection with a horizontally disposed rotary input shaft 32 of the gear box 30 that projects forwardly from the front of the gear box 30 in a horizontal direction that is parallel or substantially parallel to the direction A. The rotary input shaft 32 and an underlying parallel shaft that is not visible in the drawings have rearmost ends which project into a change-speedgear 31 that is mounted at the back of the gear box 3u with respect to the direction A. The ends of these two shafts are splined and co-operate with the matching internally splined hubs of pairs of toothed pinions of different sizes. The transmission ratio between the two shafts in the gear box 30, and thus the speed at which the soil working members 4 will be rotated in response to a substantially fixed speed of driving rotation that is applied to the leading end of the shaft 32, when the implement is in operation, will depend upon the particular pair of toothed pinions which is mounted on the splined ends of the two shafts that are accessible in the changespeed gear 31 and on the arrangement of those two pinions that is employed, it being noted that the two pinions of any particular pair are interchangeable on the shaft ends. When the implement is in operation, drive is applied to the forwardly projecting splined or otherwise keyed end of the rotary input shaft 32 of the gear box 30 by a telescopic transmission shaft 33, which is of a construction that is known per se having universal joints at its opposite ends. The leading end of the telescopic transmission shaft 33 is of course, connected to the rear power take-off shaft of the agricultural tractor or other vehicle which moves and operates the implement. In the use of the soil cultivating implement (rotary harrow) that has been described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings, its coupling member or trestle 21 is connected to the three- point lifting device or hitch at the rear of an agricultural tractor or other operating vehicle and the telescopic transmission shaft 33 is employed to place the rotary input shaft 32 of the gear box 30 in driven connection with the rear power take-off shaft of the same agricultural tractor or other operating vehicle. Adjustments that may, if required, be made before . ¯ ¯ work commences include altering the transmission ratio in the change-speed gear 31 in the manner described above and using the adjustment mechanism 25 to increase the maximum depth of penetration of the tines 6 into the soil which is possible. These adjustments will usually be made having regard to the nature and condition of the soil that is to be cultivated by the implement. As the implement moves forwardly in the direction A over soil that is to be cultivated, each rotary soil working member 4 works a corresponding strip of soil that extends in the direction A and, since the distance between the tines 6 of each member 4 is a Tittle greater than is the distance between the longi tudinal axes (axes of rotation) of immediately neighbouring shaft 3, said stx.iSòfsoil overlap one another to produce a single broad strip of worked soil which, in the case of the implement that is being described by way of example, will have a width of substantially, although not necessarily exactly, three metres. It is the position of the axis of rotation of the rear-mountd ground roller 18 relative to the rotary soil working members 4 that primarily determines the maximum depth to which the tines 6 of the members 4 can penetrate into the ground and the form of connection of the roller 18 to the frame portion 1 that has been described enables a very fine adjustment easily to be made either from the driving seat of the tractor by way of the crank handle 28 or, when the implement is at rest, from behind the roller 18 by way of the crank handle 29 and it is noted that any selected adjustment setting is maintained in a very stable manner whilst the implement is in operation, this being most important when, for example, the implement is being used to prepare a seed bed. The arms 13 are very resistant to torsional deformation and extend forwardly over the top of the hollow frame portion 1 whilst fitting closely between the corresponding pairs of inner and outer upright supports 9 and 10. This arrangement enables any desired depth setting to be chosen and maintained in a stable manner without there being any significant tendency crone end of the roller 18 to be at a different level, relative to the frame portion 1, as compared with the opposite end thereof. Figure 4 of the drawings illustrates the provision, on an upper rear portion of each outer upright support 10, of a numbered dial 34. It will be appreciated that, when the arms 13 are adjusted upwardly or downwardly about the substantially horizontal axis designed by the aligned pivot pins 11, the tops of said arms 13 will move along the dials 34 thus acting as pointers which co-operate with those dials. The dials 34 are visible from the driving seat of the agricultural tractor or other moving and operating vehicle and are useful in eabling a correct depth setting to be arrived at both quickly and easily. In particular, it is only necessary to make of note of the dial marking which corresponds to a particular depth setting to enable exactly that same depth setting to be reestablished after a cultivating operation has been discontinued overnight or for some other reason. Figure 5 of the drawings illustrates an alternative form of adjustment indicator which may be employed in place of the adjustment indicator which comprises the dials 34. In the embodiment of Figure 5, the non-rotary cylinder of the adjustment mechanism 25 carries, towards its upper end, a dial strip 37 that projects towards the upper crank handle 28 and that carries a dial comprising a rectilinear scale along which is movable a pointer 38. The construction and arrangement of the pointer 38 is not shown in detail in Figure 5 but it may comprise a sleeve fixedly connected around the upper rod of the adjustment. It will be appreciated that, once again, the dial 37 and the co-operating pointer 38 can be seen from the driving seat of an agricultural tractor which moves and operates the implement. Figure 6 of the drawings illustrates an alternative form of the adjusting machanism in which the mechanism 25 that comprises co-operating screw threads is replaced by a double-acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly or ram 35 whose cylinder is turnably mounted between the lugs 23 by the trunnion pins 2A and whose piston rod has its free end pivotally mounted between the lugs 27 by a substantially horizontal pin which defines an axis that is parallel or substantially parallel to the transverse length of the hollow frame portion 1. Flexible hydraulic ducts 36 connect the opposite ends of the cylinder of the ram 35 to the hydraulic system of the co-opertaing tractor or other vehicle by way of quickly releasable self-sealing couplings of known construction and it will be apparent that the effective length of the mechanism or ram 35 can be increased, or decreased, as desired, merely by supplying hydraulic pressure medium to an appropriate end of the cylinder of the mechanism 35 and then maintaining any chosen setting, as long as may be desired, by an appropriate manipulation of the controls forming part of the hydraulic system of the co-operating tractor or other vehicle. Since the arms 13 which connect the carrier 15 of the roller 18 to the frame portion 1 are located well inwardly towards the centre of the implement from its opposite lateral sides, it is not necessary that the ends of the elongate hollow frame portion 1, which constitutes a gear box of the implement, should be constructed with a high level of resistance to torsional deformation for themselves, and for roller-supporting arms#which they would otherwise carry, in mind. Such known implements usually employ welded end plates for co-operation with the roller-suppoding arms but this is not necessary in the present case and the manufacture of the hollow frame portion 1, in particular, is thus simplified and rendered less expensive, the previously mentioned simple upright plates 40 (Figure 2) being entirely adequate to close the ends of the hollow frame portion 1. It will be noted that the two pivot pins 11 that define the substantially horizontal axis about which the arms 13 are upwardly and downwardly turnable relative to the frame portion 1 are located quite close to respective ones of the two horizontally spaced apart lower coupling points at which, in use, the lower lifting linksof the three-point lifting device or hitch of the tractor or other operating vehicle are releasably coupled to the frame portion 1. During operation, reaction forces are transferred between the coupling member or trestle 21 and a support 39 (Figure 1) of the roller 18 without the frame portion 1 itself having to have a very high resistance to bending and/or torsional deformation. The support 39 comprises the arms 13, the strengthening plates 14 and the roller carrier 15. The described construction enables the implement to operate in a very stable manner whilst being resistant to damage by forces to which it is subject directly, or via the operating tractor or other vehicle, as a result of soil undulations; stones, buried roots and the like.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1. A soil cultivating implement of the kind set forth, characterised in that a support (39) of said ground roller (18) comprises a carrier (15) having resistance to torsional deformation which carrier (15) extends lengthwise along the ground roller (18) and is pivotally coupled (11) to the gear box (1) by at least one arm (13) that is also resistant to torsional deformation. 2. An implement according to claim 1, characterised in that at least part of the or each arm (13) is located between a pair of upright supports or between a corresponding pair of upright supports (9,10). 3. A soil cultivating implement of the kind set forth characterised in that a support (39) of said ground roller (18) comprises a carrier (15) having resistance to torsional deformation which carrier (15) extends lengthwise along the ground roller (18) and comprises a part (13) that extends forwardly with respect to the intended direction-of operative travel (A) of the implement and at least partly between two upright supports (9B10). 4. An implement according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the or each arm or part (13) is an exact fit between the upright supports or corresponding upright supports (9,10). 5. An implement according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the gear box (1) is of elongate shape in a direction which is substantially horizontally perpendicualr, or at least transverse , to the intended direction of operative travel (A) of the implement, and characterised in that each upright support (9,10) extends throughout substantially the whole of the width of the gear box (1) considered in the intended direction of operative travel (A) of the implement. 6. An implement according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the support (39) of said ground roller (18) comprises two arms (13) that are both resistant to torsional deformation and that are spaced apart from one another and from opposite sides or ends of the gear box (1). 7. An implement according to any preceding claim, characterised in that an adjustment mechanism (25) is provided for setting the level of the axis of rotation of the roller (18) relative to that of the gear box (1), the construction of the adjustment mechanism (25) being such that it is operable (28,29) from either the front or the rear of the. implement with respect to the intended direction of operative travel (A) thereof. 8. A soil cultivating implement comprising a plurality of soil working members (4) and at least one ground roller (18) that is bodily adjustable in position upwardly and downwardly relative to the said soil working members (4),characterised in that a manually operable adjustment mechanism (25) is provided for the upward and downward adjustment of the roller (18) relative to thesoiworking members (4), said adjustment mechanism (25) being constructed so as to be operable (2 & 29) from either the front or the rear of the implement with respect to the intended direction of operative travel (A) thereof 9. An implement according to any preceding claim, characterised in that an adjustment indicator in the form of a dial (34,37,38) is provided for visually setting the bodily level of the ground roller (18) relative to that of the gear box (1) and/or the soil working members (4), said dial (34,37,38), being so positioned as to be visible from the driving seat of a tractor that'is employed to move and operate the implement in the use thereof. 10. A. soil cultivating implement comprising a plurality of soil working members (4) and a ground roller (18) that is bodily movable upwardly and downwardly relative to said soil working members (4) to control the maximum soil working depth thereof, characterised in that a dial (34. 37,38) is provided for visually setting the bodily level of the roller (ls) relative to that of the soil working members (4), said dial (34,37,38,) being so positioned as to be visible from the driving seat of a tractor which is employed to move and operate the implement during the use thereof. 11. An implement according to claim 9 when read as directly or indirectly appendent to either claim 2 or claim 3 or according to claim 10, characterised in that the dial (34) is arranged on one of the upright supports (10), and in that the arm or part (13) of the roller support (39) is movable upwardly and downwardly alongside the dial (34) to function as a pointer in co-operation therewith. 12. An implement according to claim 7 or to any one of claims 8, 9 or 11 when read as appendent to claim 7, characterised in that the adjustment mechanism (25) comprises a screw-threaded rod provided at its opposite leading;and rear ends with corresponding crank handles (28,29). 13. An implement according to claim 12, characterised in that the leading crank handle (28) is located adjacent to the upper coupling point of a three-point coupling member or trestle (21) of the implement, and in that the rear crank handle (29) is located substantially vertically above the ground roller (18). 14. An implement according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that the adjustment machanism (25) carries the dial and its co-operating pointer (37,38) for visually indicating the level of the axis of rotation of the roller (18) relative to that of the gear box (1) and/or the soil working members (4). 15. An implement according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that an adjusting mechanism (35,36) is provided for controlling the level of the axis of rotation of the ground roller (18) relative to thatrof the gear box (1) and/or the soil working members (4), said adjustment mechanis (35,36) comprising a double-acting-hydraulic piston and cylinder assemble or ram (35).

Inventors: VAN DER LELY, CORNELIS
Applicants: C. VAN DER LELY N.V.
Application year: 1982
Main classification: A01B49
IPC codes: A01B49, A01B33