REMOVABLE COIL ELECTROMAGNETIC FILTER

Abstract: In electromagnetic filters consisting of a vessel, a magnetizable filter assembly in the vessel, and an electromagnetic coil surrounding the exterior of the vessel, conduit means provided to conduct liquid to and from the vessel interfere with the removal of the electromagnet from the exterior of the vessel so that it may be repaired. A solution to the problem is provided by having vessel (10) with its lower end (16) penetrated by inlet (22) and outlet (24). Center pipe (26) extends longitudinally from outlet (24) through the vessel. Electromagnetic coil assembly (36) circumscribes vessel (12) and rests on plate (39) from where it may readily be lifted vertically from removal from the vessel. The principal use of the invention is removing from fluids substances attracted to magnets.

Description: RΞXDVABLE COIL ELECTROMAGNETIC FILTER TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to fluid filters and, more particularly, to techniques for removing magnetizable material from fluids through electro- magnetic techniques and the like. CKGRQIM) ART Iron oxides and other substances that are attached to magnets can be removed frc fluids by means of this particular property. One illustrative method that relies on this particular phenomenon is described in more detail in H. G. Heitmann et al. United States Patent No. 3,979,288 titled "Double Flow ϊføgnetic Filter, Apparatus and Method." In this Heitmann et al patent a generally cylindrical vessel that contains a charge of magnetizable pellets or balls in the central portion of the vessel has ' a circumscribing electromagnet coil. Fluid that is to be filtered is admitted to the vessel through tubes that discharge into the central plane of the charge of balls by way of an array of open passages. Upon energizing the electromagnet coil, a magnetic field is pro- duced that magnetizes the balls. Magnetic iπpjrities are attracted to these balls, thereby enabling purified water to flow from the vessel. There are, however, a number of disadvantages that characterize this technique. Frequently, and particularly in connection with large cσnnercial nuclear power plants, it is desirable to remove the electro- magnetic coil for servicing or replacement. In order to remove the coil of the Heitmann apparatus it is necessary to dismantle piping to and from the filter. This is a disad¬ vantage particularly in nuclear power plant applications where a certain amount of radioactivity is present in the filter and associated piping. Furthermore, high purity water, sometimes D ^ O, also known as heavy water, is contained within the piping and filter, and would be expensive to replace. ■ &ETi * OMPI DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION The present invention involves a magnetic filter for removing fro fluids substances attractable to magnets. The device includes a vessel with at least one magnetizable filter assembly disposed therein. Condu m≥ans are provided to supply unfiltered fluid to, and remove filtrate f the vessel, ϊføgnetizing means are provided to magnetize the filter assembly. The magnetizing means is removable and replaceable without disrupting the circulation of fluid to, through, or from the vessel. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior ar by locating the fluid flow inlet and outlet to the vessel on the same e of the vessel thereby enabling removal of the electromagnetic coil with necessitating removal of flanges or cutting of pipe. ' Where a plurality electromagnetic coils is used, such as when dual flow filters are emplo both inlet and outlet could be alternatively located between the coils thereby allowing removal of each of the coils at its respective end of vessel. Other known magnetic filter devices such as in A. Lotz (United States Patent No. 1,673,837), E. J. Hall (United States Patent No. " 1,996,106), . L. Bower (United States Patent No. 2,508,666) show fluid inlets and outlets on the same end of the vessel similar to the present invention. However, these devices differ in structure, function and results from the present invention wherein a removable and replaceable structure is provided to magnetize the filter assembly, whereby the magnetizing means may be repaired without disturbing the filtrate circu laticn circuit thus yielding the resulting advantage of contaminant of hazardous or expensive filtrate without the piping and vessel and simplified removal of the magnetizing means. Another advantage yielded by the present invention is that in one embodiment a noπmagnetizable core is provided to the filter bed by a center filtrate outlet piping. This nonmagnetizable core is the center of the bed where the magnet field is the weakest enables lower energy usage while sustaining sufficient magnetic field strength to all portio of the bed to hold the balls down in the fluid flow stream. OM γ WI Other advantages of the invention are yielded by the result that with both inlets at the sam≥ end or on approximately the same horizontal palne less piping is required and support structure can be located close to the piping connection resulting in less severe loads on the supports under seismic and burst pipe events. It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic filter having a magnetizing means removable without dismantling the fluid circulation piping. It is another object of the present invention to provide a magnetic filter yielding the foregoing advantages and which employs electromagnetic coil magnetizing means. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a magnetic filter yielding the foregoing advantages and which utilizes a bed of magnetizable steel balls. It is another object of the present invention to provide a magnetic filter which yields the foregoing advantages and which employs a non- magnetizable core within the bed of balls where the field is weakest thereby requiring less power to hold the balls down in the fluid flow stream. Yet another object of the invention is a magnetic filter yielding the foregoing advantages and which requires less piping and which has piping connections close to vessel support thus resulting in less severe loads on the supports under seismic and burst pipe events. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent from the following description and drawing which illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The sole figure of the drawing shows a typical structure embodying principles of the invention in full section. BEST M3DE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVE TION For a more coπplete appreciation of the invention, attention is iπvited to the drawing. An electromagnetic filter 10 that characterizes the invention has a vertically mounted longitudinally extended cylindric vessel 12 with upper end 14 and lower end 16. An access hatch 17 penetrates upper end 14 and is sealed by cover 18 held in place by studs 20 and nuts 21. Lower end 16 is penetrated by inlet 22 and outlet 24. Center pipe 26 entends longitudinally from outlet 24 through the vessel. Cylindrical restraining screen 28 forms an extension of center pipe 26. Lid 30 is affixed to screen 28 thereby directing all flow through vessel 12 to center pipe 26 through screen 28. Knob 32 extends upward from dis 30 and is engaged by receiver 34 being affixed to end 14. Knob 32 however does not extend to the surface of end 14 threeby providing allow for a discrepancy in thermal expansion of vessel 12 and center pipe 26. Electromagnetic coil assembly 36 circumscribes vessel 12 and rests on and is ranσvably affixed to support plate 39 by studs 50 and nuts 52. Plate 39 is affixed to end 16 of vessel 12. Structure supports the electromagnetic filter 10 at support plate 39. This structure is readil supplied by one skilled in the art of industrial support structure and f clarity is ' not shown,in the drawing. Lifting lugs 37 are provided to co assembly 36 for lifting assembly 36 off of support plate 39 for servicin of assembly 36. It is apparent that this may be accomplished without disturbing connections to inlet 22 or outlet 24. Disposed withon vessel 12 is magnetizable filter bed 40. Bed 40 includes a plurality of magnetizable pellets 41. In the preferred embodiment 1/8" diameter steel balls are used as pellets 41. Bed 40 is supported within the vessel by support plate 38 which is an annular ring apertured to preclude the passage of pellets 41 therethr while allowing the passage of fluid therethrough. Perforated annular ri flow diffusers 46 and 48 are mounted to cylindrical mounting sleeves 42 44 which are in turn affixed to support plate 38. Diffusers 46 and 48 s to evenly distribute inlet fluid flow through bed 40. In operation of the invention, coil assembly 36 is energized there magnetizing bed 40. Fluid containing magnetizable -Impurities enters inl 22 in the direction of arrows 60, flows around centerpipe 26 through diffuser- 48 and 46, through support plate 38 in the direction of arrows OM Fluid impurities are attracted to magnetized pellets 41 and the filtered fluid (filtrate) emerges from the top of bed 40 and flows through screen 28 and down center pipe 26 in the direction of arrows 62. Filtrate then flows through center pipe and exits via outlet 24 in the direction of arrow 63. To remove coil assembly 36 from filter 10, nuts 52 are removed and assembly 36 is simply lifted therefrom without disturbing the fluid flow. The area within vessel 12 above bed 40 is provided to enable cleaning of bed 40 by flushing of the apparatus. "When flushing filter 10, the flushing fluid flows in a vertically upward direction within the vessel 12, generally following the direction of the arrows 61. The force of the upwardly flowing stream of flushing fluid is applied to the balls in the bed 40 in a direction that is opposite to the gravitational force direction. Die oppositely directed forces tend to "fluidize" and agitate the filter bed by increasing its volume and causing the individual balls to separate and bounce against one another. Screen 28, however, prevents pellets 41 frcm entering center pipe 26. This increase in the volume of filter bed 40 exposes more of the surfaces of pellets 41 to the cleansing action of the flushing-fluid. The mutual agitation of the pellets also tends to break or scour contaminants from the surface of the balls, thereby enhancing the cleansing action of the flushing fluid. The above description and drawing illustrate one eπibodiment utilizing a center pipe and an inlet and outlet at the lower end. However, the invention is not limited thereto. Alternative embodiments could include an internal vertical flat baffle dividing teh vessel into two sections providing inlet to one section and outlet from the other section at the same end of the vessel with an internal flowpath between sections at the opposite end of the vessel from the inlet thereto. In this embodiment either one or both sections could house magnetizable balls. Another embodiment would eπploy a second vessel disposed within the first. The second vessel would hold the bed of pellets. Flew enters the second vessel, flows up therethrough, passing through the bed of pellets and then down the annulus formed between the two vessels to the outlet. - Another embodiment could employ two coil assemblies with the inle and outlet positioned therebetween. This embodiment would enable dual flow capability. The above description and drawing is only illustrative of one embo ment which achieves the objects, features and advantages of the present invention and it is not intended that the present invention be limited thereto. Any modification of the present invention which comes within t spirit and scope of the following claims is considered part of the prese invention. The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: C

Claims: CLAIMS -7- 1. A magnetic filter having: a vessel; at least one magnetizable filter assembly dipsosed within said vessel; fluid circulation conduit means penetrating said vessel at an inlet for admitting fluid to said vessel to be passed through said at least one magnetizable filter assembly and penetrating said vessel at an outlet for discharging fluid from said vessel after the fluid has passed through said at least one magnetizable filter assembly; and, magnetizing means for magnetizing said at least one magnetizable filter assembly, characterized by said magnetizing means being removable and replaceable while maintaining the circulation of fluid to, through and from said vessel, said magnetizing means including at least one magnet, each circumscribing a portion of the outer surface of said vessel in the vicinity of said at least one magnetizable filter assembly. 2. A magnetic filter as in Claim 1 further .corπprising a flow diffusing means positioned within said vessel for enhancing a uniform fluid flow rate profile through said at least one magnetizable filter bed. 3. A magnetic filter as in Claim 1 wherein each of said magnetizing means includes at least one magnet is an electromagnetic coil circumscribing a portion of the outer surface said vessel in the vicinity of said at least one magnetizable filter assembly. 4. A magnetic filter as in Claim 3 wherein said at least one electro¬ magnetic coil does not circumscribe the portion of the outer surface of said vessel between the inlet and the outlet. 5. A magnetic filter as in Claim 4 wherein said electromagnetic coil amy be lifted from said filter in one piece without disrupting said fluid circulation means. 6. A magnetic filter as in Claim 4 wherein: there is one of said at least one magnetic coil; there is one of said at least one magnetizable filter assembly; said filter assembly including a fluidizable bed of magnetizable pellets, a support screen extending across the interior of said vessel below said bed to support said bed, said support screen being apertured to preclude the passage of the pellets of said bed therethrough and to allow the passage of fluid therethrough; and a restraining screen positioned above said bed being apertured to preclude the passage of the pellets therethrough and to allow the pas of fluid therethrough. 7. A magnetic filter as in Claim 6 wherein said magnetizable filter assembly includes a non-magnetizable core extending through said assembly. 8. A magnetic filter as in Claim 7 wherein: said fluid circulation conduit means includes a center pipe disposed within said vessel and extending from said outlet through said magnetizable filter assembly along the core thereof and thereafter opening to said vessel; said inlet admits fluid to said vessel to flow through the aπnulus formed between said center pipe and said vessel, through said magnetizable filter assembly, and through said center pipe to said outle 9. A magnetic filter as in Claim 8 further comprising a sealable hatch penetrating said vessel to provide access to the interior thereof. 10. A magnetic filter as in Claim 8 further comprising: said restraining screen forming a porous extension of said center pipe; a lid positioned to preclude fluid communication between said vessel and said center pipe except through said restraining screen; a knob protruding through said lid; and, a received positioned on the interior surface of said vessel to accept said knob.

Inventors: CAMPBELL T, MARKERT W
Applicants: BABCOCK & WILCOX CO
Application year: 1981
Main classification: B01D35
IPC codes: B01D35, B03C1