MASTER CYLINDER

Abstract: A master cylinder for a vehicle braking system comprises a body (2) with a bore (3) open at the rear end of the body, a reservoir (4), a transverse port (17) in the body opening into the bore (3) and positioned rearwardly of the reservoir, and a passageway defined between the exterior of the body (2) and a sleeve (22) mounted thereon to communicate the transverse port (17) with a chamber (7) of the reservoir. The sleeve may be integral with the housing of a booster assembled with the master cylinder (Figure 2) and an element may be interposed between the sleeve and the master cylin­ der body and be provided with a tubular extension inter­ connecting the reservoir with the passageway.

Description: This invention relates to master cylinders for vehicle braking systems, and in particular to a master cylinder which comprises a body with an axial bore open at the rear end of the body, a flange on the body, a reservoir mounted on the body in front of the flange, the reservoir enclosing a reservoir chamber, a transverse port in the body opening into the bore and positioned rearwardly of the reservoir chamber and the flange, and a passage communicating said reservoir chamber with said transverse port. A master cylinder of the above form is proposed in our copending British Patent Application No. 8108215 (Publication No. 2052656) and the advantage of this construction is that it allows the reservoir to be located at the forward end of the body, whereby the rear end of the master cylinder can be received within an actuating servo-booster and an overall space saving achieved. In the master cylinders disclosed in the aforementioned Application the transverse port which is normally open to a pressure chamber defined in the bore of the master cylinder body, communicates with the reservoir chamber through a longitudinal passageway extending through the wall of the body parallel to the bore axis, the passageway extending forwardly from an internal shoulder formed in the bore to the reservoir chamber and intersecting the transverse port. It has now been found that the longitudinal passageway is more difficult to machine through the body wall than had been anticipated. The main problems encoutered are difficulty in maintaining the straightness of the passageway over the necessary length; difficulty in ensuring correct fluid connection between reservoir chamber and transverse port; and weakening of the wall of the master cylinder body. Although the last mentioned problem could be avoided by making the body wall thicker it would be contrary to the main objectives of minimising space and weight. There has been proposed in FR-A-1046357 a master cylinder according to the preamble of claims 1 and 4 for a braking system in which a rear end part of the master cylinder body located behind the mounting flange is accommodated within a servo-booster. A passageway interconnecting the reservoir with a transverse port located at a position rearwardly of the flange has a minor portion, which is spaced at a distance rearwardly from the flange, formed by a circumferential groove in the body and a separate cylindrical sleeve covering the groove. The major part of the passageway is formed by a longitudinal duct extending through the wall of the body from the forwardmost side wall of the groove. Thus, the above mentioned problems associated with a long passageway within the body wall apply to this master cylinder also. The present invention aims at avoiding the problems of the previously proposed construction and in accordance with one embodiment the invention provides a master cylinder comprising a body with an axial bore open at the rear end of the body, a flange on the body for supporting the body, a reservoir mounted on the body in front of the flange, the reservoir enclosing a reservoir chamber, a transverse port in the body opening into the bore and positioned rearwardly of the reservoir chamber and the flange, a passageway communicating said reservoir chamber with said transverse port for conducting brake fluid between the reservoir chamber and the bore, part of said passageway being defined outside of the body by a sleeve sealingly mounted on the body and covering a portion of the body located rearwardly of the flange, and a port defining a remaining part of said passageway, said port connecting the space between the body and the forward end of the sleeve to the reservoir chamber, characterised in that the forward end of the sleeve is sealingly engaged with the rear face of the flange at a position spaced radially outwardly from the body, the port extends through the flange at a position outside the body, and said port is a minor part of said passageway. In accordance with a further embodiment the invention provides a master cylinder comprising a body with an axial bore open at the rear end of the body, a flange on the body for supporting the body, a reservoir mounted on the body in front of the flange, the reservoir enclosing a reservoir chamber, a transverse port in the body opening into the bore and positioned rearwardly of the reservoir chamber and the flange, and a passageway communicating said reservoir chamber with said transverse port for conducting brake fluid between the reservoir chamber and the bore, part of said passageway being defined outside of the body by a sleeve mounted on the body and covering a portion of the body located rearwardly of the flange, characterised in that a through duct formed in a member made separately from the body and carried thereon defines the remaining part of said passageway and connects the forward end of said passageway part defined by the sleeve directly to the reservoir chamber, said duct passing either through or outwardly of said flange. The master cylinder constructions according to the invention allow all the problems associated with drilling a longitudinal passegeway in the body wall to be positively eliminated. An especially simple arrangement of the first embodiment is obtained when the said sleeve is made a sliding fit on the body, in which case assembly of the master cylinder is facilitated and to avoid any need to machine a groove or the like in the outside surface of the body, the sleeve is preferably provided with at least one longitudinal groove on its internal surface to define the passageway. Grooves are comparatively simple to produced on the inside of the sleeve, either during moulding in the case of a plastics sleeve, or by crimping to form flutes in the case of a pressed metal sleeve. Conveniently, the forward end of the sleeve is received in an annular groove formed in the rear face of the flange, and a seal is accommodated in the groove for sealing the sleeve to the flange. It is of advantage if the sleeve projects beyond the rear end of the body and is sealed to the actuating rod protruding through the open end of the master cylinder bore, since the passageway may then also serve to communicate, via the end of the body, the reservoir chamber with a recuperation chamber defined in the bore behind the piston. In a master cylinder according to said further embodiment said member carried by the body can be integral with the sleeve, whereby the sleeve includes a forwardly projecting part integral therewith and defining said duct. It the master cylinder is to be assembled with a booster the sleeve and said member mounted on the body can be made integral with the booster housing, whereby the need for a separate member is eliminated and a simpler construction obtained. In an especially advantageous embodiment the sleeve, a front part of the booster housing and at a least a part of the reservoir housing are formed by a unitary part incorporating said duct. With these parts made in a single moulding manufacture and assembly are further simplified. It is possible for the member carried on the body to be an element interposed between the body and the sleeve mounted thereon, the element having a tubular extension defining said duct. For example, the element may be a tubular liner which is a sliding fit on the body and the sleeve may be a metal sleeve which is a sliding fit on the liner. The provision of an integral tubular portion which defines said duct communicating the reservoir chamber with that part of the passageway defined between the sleeve and the body, which facilitates the use of the reservoir housing made separately from the master cylinder body. The sleeve mounted on the body over the element can comprise a separate sleeve or part of a booster housing as described above. To assist a better understanding of the invention some embodiments will now be described in greater detail with reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:- Figure 1 shows in axial cross-section a tandem master cylinder in accordance with the invention; Figure 2 shows in axial cross-section another tandem master cylinder according to the invention and in combination with a servo-booster; and Figure 3 shows a third tandem master cylinder embodying the invention, also in axial cross-section. In the drawings the same reference numerals have been used to indicate corresponding parts in the different embodiments. The tandem master cylinder illustrated in Figure 1 is intended for a dual circuit braking system and comprises an integrally cast or moulded housing 1 including a body 2 with an axial blind bore 3 open at the rear end of the body, a reservoir 4 divided internally by a baffle 5 into two chambers 6, 7 and a flange 8 for mounting the master cylinder to a booster or other vehicle component. A piston 9 separates the bore into front and rear pressure chambers 10, 11 and is coupled to a second piston 12 formed integrally with a hollow actuating rod 13, by a telescopic device 14 which limits separation of the pistons, a spring 15 and serving to urge the pistons axially apart. A port 16 connects the reservoir chamber 6 to the front pressure chamber 10 in the illustrated unactuated condition of the master cylinder, while a further transverse port 17 extending through the body 2 connects with the rear pressure chamber 11. The mounting flange 8 is provided with a groove extending about the body 2 and a port 18 connects the groove with the reservoir chamber 7. A sleeve 20 is fitted over the rear of the body 2, the forward end of the sleeve being received in the groove of flange 8 and sealed to the outer wall of the groove by an O-ring seal 21. A medial portion 22 of the sleeve is crimped or fluted to define axially extending internal fins 23 which slidably engage the outer surface of the body 2. The rear end of the sleeve 20 is sealed to the actuating rod by a seal 24 which is supported by a seal support member 25 held against the end of the master cylinder housing by an internal shoulder on the sleeve. The member 25 has radial grooves 26 which connect the passages defined between the fins 23 of sleeve 20 with a recuperation chamber 27 for the seal of piston 12. As illustrated, the sleeve 20 is held in position by the main return spring 28 which is interposed between an external shoulder on the sleeve and a collar 29 fitted on the actuating rod. From the foregoing description it will be understood that the sleeve 20 and the external surface of the body 2 define a passageway communicating reservoir chamber 7 with the transverse port 17 and the recuperation chamber 27. The operation of the master cylinder will be clear to those skilled in the art and does not require a detailed description. When the actuator rod 13 is pushed forwards piston 12 slides forward so that its seal cuts off port 17, and piston 9 moves forward so that its seal cuts off port 16. Further forward movement of the pistons pressurises the hydraulic fluid in chambers 10 and 11, this pressure being transmitted to the slave cylinders to apply the brakes. Fluid is supplied to the recuperation chamber 27 from reservoir chamber 7 to prevent a vacuum behind the piston 12. Instead of being made integral with the body 2, the reservoir 4 may be made separately and connected to the body which is provided with the usual connecting boss. In either case port 18 can be formed during casting or moulding so that a subsequent machining step is unnecessary. In Figure 2 there is shown a master cylinder of the same basic form to that described with reference to Figure 1, in combination with a booster. The booster is of known construction and a detailed description of its construction and operation is not considered necessary here. The booster housing is formed in two halves in well known manner. The front half or part 50 of the housing includes a central tubular portion or sleeve 51 defining a cylindrical recess in which the rear end of the master cylinder body 2 is received so that its mounting flange 8 abuts the front surface of the booster housing and against which it is clamped by the bolts 52 and nuts 53. The booster housing is sealed to body 2 by a seal 21 located adjacent the mounting flange 8 and a further seal 24 seals the rear end of sleeve 51 to the actuating rod 13 of the master cylinder which projects through the rear end of body 2. A lower part 54, at least, of the master cylinder reservoir 4 is made integrally with the booster housing part 50 and a passageway 18 is included to communicate the reservoir chamber 7 with a longitudinal groove 55 provided on the inside surface of the sleeve 51 and in register with the rear transverse port 17 of the master cylinder. Thus, the booster housing and master cylinder body define between them a passage connecting port 17 and reservoir chamber 7. It should be noted here that the port 17 intersects a groove 17A provided in the wall of the master cylinder bore so that the port communicates with the bore on both sides of the piston seal, whereby a further passage for communicating the reservoir with the recuperation chamber 27 defined in the bore 3 behind the seal of rear piston 12 is no longer necessary. The operation of the master cylinder when the booster is actuated to push the rod 13 forwards will be clearly understood from the description of the Figure 1 embodiment. The booster housing part 50 including the reservoir and central tubular sleeve 51 as well as the passageway 18 may be moulded from pastics material or, alternatively, may consist of a die-casting. In the master cylinder shown in Figure 3, the reservoir housing 4 is formed separately from the body 2 rather than integral with it as in Figure 1. The housing 4 is located on the body by a pin 60 which passes through the wall of body 2 and forms a stop for piston 9, a port 61 leading from reservoir chamber 6 being in register with port 16 in the body, and a port 18 leading from reservoir chamber 7 being aligned with a hole 63 through the master cylinder mounting flange 8. The reservoir housing 4 is held on the body 2 by one or more clips (not shown). Fitted over the end of the body rearwardly of the flange 8 is moulded plastics liner 64 of essentially cup-shape with an axial opening through which the actuating rod 13 passes. The liner 64 includes a longitudinal slot 65 which extends radially the full thickness of the liner, and a forwardly projecting integral tube 66 protruding through the hole 63 in flange 8 and into reservoir port to which it is sealed by a seal 67. The slot 65 communicates at its forward end with the duct 18′ of tube 66, intersects the transverse port 17 in body 2, and communicates at its rear end with the recuperation chamber 27 behind piston 12. Enclosing the liner is an outer sleeve 68, for example, of pressed steel, seals 69 and 70 being interposed between the sleeve 68 and the liner at a position in front of slot 65 and between the sleeve 68 and the actuating rod 13, respectively. A further seal 71 is placed between the liner 64 and the body 2. From the foregoing description it will be realised that the slot 65 in the liner which is closed on the outside by the sleeve 68, defines with the duct 18′ through the tubular extension 66 a passageway communicating the reservoir chamber 7 with the transverse port 17 and with the recuperation chamber 27. In assembling the master cylinder the reservoir housing 4 is first mounted on the body, the liner is then placed over the rear end of the body with the tube 66 inserted through hole 63 into the port of the reservoir housing, and finally the sleeve 68 is fitted over the liner 64. While a slot extending through the full width of the linar is preferred for ease of moulding it should be understood that a liner with a groove in place of the slot could be employed, in which case it may be possible to dispense with the outer sleeve altogether provided the necessary seals are established with the body and the actuating rod.

Claims: 1. A master cylinder comprising a body (2) with an axial bore (3) open at the rear end of the body, a flange (8) on the body for supporting the body, a reservoir (4) mounted on the body in front of the flange, the reservoir enclosing a reservoir chamber (7), a transverse port (17) in the body opening into the bore and positioned rearwardly of the reservoir chamber and the flange, a passageway communicating said reservoir chamber with said transverse port for conducting brake fluid between the reservoir chamber and the bore, part of said passageway being defined outside of the body by a sleeve (22) sealingly mounted on the body and covering a portion of the body located rearwardly of the flange, and a port (18) defining a remaining part of said passageway, said port connecting the space between the body and the forward end of the sleeve to the reservoir chamber (7), characterised in that the forward end of the sleeve (22) is sealingly engaged with the rear face of the flange (8) at a position spaced radially outwardly from the body, the port (18) extends through the flange (8) at a position outside the body, and said port (18) is a minor part of said passageway (Fig. 1). 2. A master cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the forward end of the sleeve is received in an annular groove formed in the rear face of the flange, and a seal (21) is accommodated in the groove for sealing the sleeve to the flange. 3. A master cylinder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sleeve (22) is a sliding fit on the body and comprises at least one longitudinal groove (23) on the inner surface thereof defining said passageway. 4. A master cylinder comprising a body (2) with a axial bore (3) open at the rear end of the body, a flange (8) on the body for supporting the body, a reservoir (4) mounted on the body in front of the flange, the reservoir enclosing a reservoir chamber (7), a transverse port (17) in the body opening into the bore and positioned rearwardly of the reservoir chamber and the flange, and a passageway communicating said reservoir chamber with said transverse port for conducting brake fluid between the reservoir chamber and the bore, part of said passageway being defined outside of the body by a sleeve (51;68) mounted on the body and covering a portion of the body located rearwardly of the flange, characterised in that a through duct (18′) formed in a member (50;64) made separately from the body and carried thereon defines the remaining part of said passageway and connects the forward end of said passageway part defined by the sleeve (51;68) directly to the reservoir chamber (7), said through duct passing either through or outwardly of said flange (Fig. 3 and 2). 5. A master cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an actuating rod (13) protrudes through the open end of the bore and the rear end of the body, the sleeve (22;51;68) projects beyond the rear end of the body, a seal (24;70) is interposed between the rearwardly projecting portion of the sleeve and the actuating rod, and the passageway communicates with a recuperation chamber (27) around the rear end of the body (2). 6. A master cylinder according to claim 4, wherein said member (50;64) carried by the body (2) is integral with said sleeve (51,68), the sleeve including a forwardly projecting part (66) integral therewith and defining said duct (18′). 7. A master cylinder according to claim 6, wherein a booster is assembled with the master cylinder for operating the master cylinder, the sleeve (51), a front part (50) of the booster housing and at least part of the reservoir housing (4) being formed by a unitary part incorporating said duct (18′). 8. A master cylinder according to claim 4 or 5, wherein said member (64) is interposed between the sleeve (68) and the body (2) and includes a tubular extension (66) defining said duct (18′). 9. A master cylinder according to claim 8, wherein said member (64) includes a longitudinal slot (65) partially defining the passageway within the sleeve (68).

Inventors: FLYNN, DEREK JOSEPH, PICKERING, JOHN FLORY, THOMAS, ALFRED WILLIAM
Applicants: LUCAS INDUSTRIES PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
Application year: 1981
Main classification: B60T11
IPC codes: B60T11, B60T13