MULTI-PURPOSE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS

Abstract: The multi-purpose chemical industrial apparatus according to the invention, particularly for carrying out different processes of pharmaceutical technologies, -which has preferably a double-walled basic apparatus assembled from cup and connected aponable dome cover, the basic apparatus having a part for admission of the material to be processed, e. g. one or several intake stub(s) arranged on the dome cover, a part for removal of the material, e.g. discharge stub arranged on the cup, and devices suitable for a given case for temperature variation of the material- formed in such a way that the basic apparatus is connected with at least one washing unit and filter unit, as well as a combined attachment unit connectible to the discharge stub of the cup of the basic apparatus. Further criterion of the multi-purpose chemical industrial apparatus according to the invention is that the cup of the basic apparatus has a heater stub connectible to heat source, e.g. heat exchanger, and the heater stub is led into the jacket space between the double wall of the cup.

Description: MULTI-PURPOSE CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS The invention relates to multi-purpose che¬ mical industrial apparatus, particularly for diffe— rent processes of the pharmaceutical ' technologies * It is preferably a double-walled basic apparatus assembled from a cup and from the adjoining openable dome cover. The- basic apparatus has one or ' several intake stub/s/ arranged on the dome cover- for ad¬ mission of the material to be processed, an outlet stub arranged on the cup for discharge of the ma¬ terial and in given case devices suitable for va¬ rying the temperature of the material * Certain process combined with filtering is a frequent task in the chemical, especially in the pharmaceutical technologies β For this reason most of the known multi¬ purpose apparatuses are suitable for incorporating some kind of filter material or filter device. Such mixing device also exists, where the lower part has a filter material through which the liquid passes, while the filtered solid particles remain on the top of the filter material * The filtered, , so-called "cake" is loosened by the mixer units of the machine and possibly dried with the heatable jacket- of the apparatus * T&ere are such multi-purpose apparatuses at which the drying is accelerated with vacuum. These apparatuses can he equally used for "cake" filtering, drying, reaction and for heat trans¬ fer facilitating the efficiency * Deficiency of such apparatuses is represented. y having small filtering surface, thus they can not be used for separation of suspensions with large solid substance content, or for filtering viscous ma¬ terials. Further development of the known appa¬ ratuses was aimed at such apparatus, . which has larger filter surface. Further objective was the mechanization and automation of the part-processes. As a result of the mentioned efforts, such technical sώlution was brought about, which is des¬ cribed in the GBR patent specification No. 110 77β. The apparatus has a vertical driving shaft, its filter elements are similarly vertically arranged and rotated around the shaft. The apparatus is used first of all for purification by filtering. However mounting and dismounting of the filter insert are difficult, which means that the appa¬ ratus is not suitable for other process. The liquid filter described in the Swiss patent specification No. 468 842 is built up according to a different principle. This has candle-shaped filter elements, which are- rota¬ ted with a shaft, thus their surface can be cleaned * Use of the. candles results in compli¬ cated structural build-up * The rotating mechanism composed of several parts and connected in a complicated way excludes the possibility of exchanging the filter inserts ' with other techno¬ logical units suitable for carrying out other » processes. The Swiss patent specification Ho. 487 664 describes an apparatus having rotatable filter bags. The filter bags are fixed on a tubular shaft with the aid of which they are rotated. The solution is ingenious, because the tubular shaft is also suitable for conveyance of the filtrate. However the structural build-up is sen¬ sitive and complicated, for this reason the fil¬ ter inserts can not be quickly and simply re¬ moved, whereby the apparatus is not suitable for other, than filtering process. With further development of the known ba¬ sic idea an apparatus was brought about described in the Hungarian patent specification No. 160 608. The apparatus is formed by a horizontal cylind¬ rical jacket with circular segment-shaped verti¬ cal filter bags arranged in the interior. Sludge flushing- tube passes through in the centre of the filter plates along; the centreline of " the cylin¬ der,, which performs axial and concentric motion. The water flowing through the nozzles cleans the filter bags. Un ortunately th ' horizontal arrangement of the apparatus and its complica¬ ted rotating mechanism do not allow 3imple con¬ version and multi-purpose useage * - In the vertically arranged housing of the apparatus described in the GFR patent specifi¬ cation No. 1 461 400, circular filter elements are built in. It has a flushing unit, but this is vertically arranged and the filters are ro- tatable. As a result of rotation the filtered cake can be removed. The horizontally arranged apparatus makes the multi-purpose useage diffi¬ cult. In addition, the mechanism is too compli¬ cated for making the apparatus variable. Another developed solution is represented by the apparatus described in the GFR patent spe¬ cification No. 1 461 487 * Its advantage is its vertical arrangement, where the material to be filtered is admitted at the top, while separate discharge of the settled heavy phase and filt¬ rate is possible at the bottom. The apparatus enables the simultaneous settling and filtering. However the apparatus is less suitable for carry¬ ing out any other other task * Thus for instance in case of the so-called purification filtering- the purifying agents can not segregate on the surface of the filter, and they can not be uti¬ lized this way. The invention is aimed at the development of such chemical-industrial apparatus, in which solid, liquid and gaseous materials can be mixed, separated, their temperature varied in such a manner, that a single basic apparatus should be supplemented with the devices most suitable for carrying out the actual task. The objective includes that - owing to the fast product alternation - it should not be ne¬ cessary to exchange the apparatuses for carrying out the different technological steps. The purpose of the invention is to realize such apparatus, which has.only easily exchangeable elements or units without essential alteration of the basic apparatus, it should be suitable for purification by filtering* cake filtering, gas purification, absorption, -drying, inter— . mittent or continuous teaction, crystallization, gas- washing, emulsion—separation,, solvent ex¬ traction and in given case for heat trans er, or heat extraction during any process * ■ In accordance witin the objective the mul¬ ti-purpose chemical industrial apparatus accord¬ ing to the invention,- particularly for carrying out different processes of the pharmaceutical technologies, has preferably a double walled basic apparatus composed of a cup and adjoining openable dome cover, the basic apparatus has an intake part for admitting the material to be processed, e.g. one Or several intake stub/s/ arranged on the dome cover, an outlet part for discharging the material, e.g. arranged as an outlet stub on the cup, and in given case it has devices suitable for temperature variation of the material, formed in such a way, that at -least one washing unit and a filter unit are attached to the basic apparatus, as well as a combined attachment unit linked to the outlet stub of the cup. Further criterion of the multi-purpose chemical-industrial apparatus according to the invention is, that the cup of the basic apparatus has a heater stub connected to heat source, e.g. heat exchanger, and the heater stub is led into the jacket space between the-double wall of the cup * The dome cover is aeated on the cup along a connecting flange, while the lifting device and coacting hinge are between the cup and dome cover. The dome cover is provided with a stub suitable for connection of the washing unit, and in given case with a manhole allowing to reach into and/or admission into the apparatus apace. Mixing unit may be connected to the dome cover of the basic apparatus, which includes the motor-driven mixer shaft extending into the apparatus, and the mixing elements arranged at the end and formed in the 3hape of blades, furthermore a drive and/or coupling is built in between the driving motor and mixer shaft. The mixing unit is admitted into the apparatus space through the dome ' cover, e.g. through the cover stub or manhole. The washing; unit includes the revolving gear driven shaft extending into the apparatus and at least one spray pipe arranged on.the . shaft-end * The shaft passes through closed v/ashing house, which has an inlet stub for admission oi the washing liquid and a supporting flange fixed preferably to the cover stub * The spray pipe conforms to the character of the washing liquid and in given case it is provided with exchangeable nozzles * The combined attachment unit includes a branching piece fixed to the cup of the basic apparatus and a connecting piece passing thrsugh the branching piece and reaching into the appa¬ ratus space. The branching piece has connecting devises of varying size for admission and dis¬ charge of materials with different consistency, e.g. one or several reduced stubs, and and stub with low resistance, etc. A connecting flange suitable for connection with the outlet stub of the cup is formed on the upper part of the branching piece., The upper end of the- connecting piece is provided with the devices e.g. filter unit arranged in the apparatus space,, The combined attachment unit is complemented with one or several level adjusting cxtension/s/ suitable for extracting the material from the zones at various levels of the apparatus space. The level adjusting extension includes the le¬ vel adjusting tube, and the in3tant-connecting device fitting into the nest of the connecting piece arranged at the lower end of the level ^ adjusting tube. The filter unit is assembled from series of filter bags with large surface arranged in filter basket, while the filter bags are con¬ nected with the collecting pipe underneath. The filter bag is formed by a flat plate built into tubular frame, which has a network of preferably densely spaced channels on both 3ides leading into the tubular frame, while the filter bag is covered with exchangeable filter fabric conforming to the character of the ma¬ terial to be filtered., The lower part of each filter bag has a connecting extension and the collecting pipe has neαts suitable for receiving the connecting ex¬ tensions. At a possible embodiment ox the appa¬ ratus one, or ceveral filter bag/s/ are omitted, and the receiving nests are cloced with plug' as substitute of the connecting extension at the place of the missing filter bags * The collecting pipe is provided with an instant connecting device for draining fitted to the instant connecting nest of the combined attachment unit * Supporting pieces in frictional contact with the inside wall of ' the cup are arranged on the outside of the filter bag. At a possible embodiment of the apparatus a mixer apparatus is assembled from the basic apparatus and mixing unit, in another case a phase-separator unit is formed from the com¬ bined attachment unit and level adjusting ex¬ tension, while the combination of the mixer appa¬ ratus and phase separator in given case gives a solvent extracting apparatus. In case of another embodiment emulsion separating apparatus is assembled from the basic apparatus and phase separator unit, or a gas washing apparatus from the basic apparatus, washing unit and combined attachment unit. At a further embodiment filter - washing . • apparatus is assembled from the basic apparatus, ashing uni , .combined attachment unit and filter unit, or gas filtering purifying filter,- cake filter, drier or adsorber apparatus is assembled from the basic apparatus, washing unit, combined attachment unit and in given ca3e from the fil¬ ter έtnit fitted with plug at the .place of one or several filter Jjag/s/. The multi-purpose chemical industrial appa¬ ratus according to the invention has several technical and economic advantages. Its advan¬ tages are prominent particularly in the pharma¬ ceutical industry, since the frequent product changes involve the frequent alteration of the technologies. The apparatus according to the in¬ vention does not require the keeping of several different apparatuses at the ready to carry out many different processes. In the plant equipped v/ith the multi-purpose apparatus, the technology can be quickly changed by the fast and simple reassembly of the appa¬ ratuses. The possibility is given for the assembly of an apparatus type for carrying out a given task, which is best suited to the characteristic properties of the materials to be processed. The economic advantages are found first of all in the fact, that the reassembly of complete O P plant parts is not necessary when the technologies are changed and the target apparatus does not have to be substituted with other target appa¬ ratuses. As a result, various types of products can be produced in the plants within a shorter time, than wit .,the earlier apparatuses * The invention idea is based on the fact, that the apparatuses for carrying out characte¬ ristic tasks were generally suitable only for execution of a single, chemical inductriai pro¬ cess, rhereas there are multi-purpose appara¬ tuses, but their capacity, qualitative parame¬ ters of the work performance lag far behind those of the target apparatuses. The essence of the recognition is that by retaining the basic principle of the multi¬ purpose apparatuses, the possibility is given to bring- about an apparatus from the properly selec¬ ted assembly units, which are suitable to carry out any of the most frequently occurring chemical industrial processes with high capacity and with excellent qualitative indices. This allows the assembly of the multi-purpose apparatus from e c angeable and connectible unite r_π a cons¬ truction sets 'i'h r.ot of device- * - r-r.Il con -'in in any case a mixing unit, washing unit, filter unit and combined attachment unit. The invention is described by way of examples with the aid of drawings,, in which: Pigure 1 * : Basic apparatus Pigure 2.r Mixing unit Pigure 3: V/ashing unit Pigure β : Combined attachment unit Pigure 5 * - Level adjusting extension Pigure 6.: Filter unit Pigure 7 : Filter bag and its connection Pigure 8. : Mixer apparatus assembled from the basic apparatus and mixing unit Pigure 9.: Extracting apparatus assembled from the basic apparatus, mixing unit, combined attachment unit and level adjusting extension Pigure 10: Emulsion separator assembled from the basic apparatus, combined attachment unit and level ad sting extension Pigure 11: Gas washing apparatus assembled from the basic apparatus, washing unit and combined attachment unit Pigure 12: Alternative of the units according to Pigure II., supplemented with filter unit as gas purifier, with other supplementary units Pigure 13 * : Purifying filter Pigure 14.: Caϊe filter Pigure 15 » • Crystallizer apparatus Pigure 16 * : Drying apparatus- Pigure 17 * : Adsorber apparatus Pigure 1 illustrates the basic apparatus 1. in schematic vertical section, assembled from two main parts, cup 1.12 and dome cover 1.10, Cup 1.12 is provided with one or several heater stub/s/ 1.2, through which connection with for instance heat exchanger can be realized in order to vary the heat content of the material arranged in the apparatus space 1.13- The connecting flange 1.9 is on the upper part of cup 1.12, along which the dome cover 1 * 10 fits to the cup 1.12. The connecting flange 1.9 serves for fastening the hinge 1.7. and the co- acting lifting device 1.8. With the aid of this latter onu. the dome cover is lifted up and folded back. In order to heat the cup 1.12, it is ad¬ visable to have double wall and the heating me¬ dium arriving through the heater 3tubs 1.2 is admitted into the jacket space 1.3 between the two walls. The double wall allows the transfer of the heat content of the heating medium to the apparatus space 1.13 without having contact with the material arranged therein. The dome cover 1.10 can be provided with such manhole 1.11 which permits to reach into or in case of large sized basic apparatus to en¬ ter the apparatus space 1.13» The cover stub 1.1 is on the dome cover 1.10 which enables the connection to other units and one or several intake stub/s/ 1.5 is/are on the dome cover to admit materials into the apparatus space 1.13- Naturally it is necessary to provide the cup 1.12 with at least one outlet stub 1.4, through which the materials can be discharged from the appa¬ ratus space 1.13. Pigure 2 shows a mixing unit 2, the main structural partsof which are the mixing shaft 2.5 and -the mixing elements 2.1 arranged at the bottom of the 3haft. These latter ones may be formed as single mixing blades. In principle it is possible to arrange such mixing elements in the intermediate sections of the mixing shaft 2.5. The mixing shaft is rotated through a driving gear 2 * 3 and coupling 2 * 2 by a driving motor 2 * 4» washing part of the washing unit 3 shown in Pigure 3- is represented by the spray ipe 3 * 4 provide with nozzles 3 * 6* which is kept in concentric rotation, by the washing shaft- 3«3« The washing shaft 3 * 3 is rotated ' by the revolv¬ ing gear 3 * 1 * The washing shaft 3 * 3 i-s conduc¬ ted through the washing.house 3-2 which has a supporting flange 3-7 connectible to the cover stub of basic apparatus X r and a medium-intake stub 3-5 suitable for admission of the washing liquid. The washing unit 3 can be formed also in such a way, that it is actuated as a Segner^s wheel by the reactive force of the washing li—~ quid passing through the nozzles 3«6 β The combined attachment unit 4 is shown in Pigure 4.., the connecting flange 42 of which allows its fixing to the discharge stub 1.4 of the basic.apparatus 1. The adjoining house 4.7 of the combined attachment unit 4 is provided with stubs 4.4 of low resistance, through which lumpy materials can be passed, furthermore with one or several reduced stub/s/ 4.3 through which the materials of thinner consistency or lower viscosity can pass out of the branching space 4.6 of the adjoining house 4.7 * The connecting piece. 4.5 passes through the branching space 4.6 of the adjoining house 4 * 7, on the top of which instant-connecting nest 4.1 is arranged * This enables fitting of the combined attachment unit 4 to the filter unit 6 * The combined attachment unit 4 can be com¬ plemented with the level adjusting extension 5 93 ' shown in Pigure 5- The instant connection device 5.2- is arranged on the lower end of the level adjusting tube 5.1, connectible similarly with the instant connecting nest 4.1. The connec¬ tion is realized by simple compression in axial direction. Pigure 6 illustrates the filter unit β is assembled form, while ' Figure 7 shows the fil¬ ter bag 6.2 separately and drawn to a larger scale than shown in Pigure 6. The filter bags 6.2 are- arallel plates, lined up vertically next to each other in the filter basket 6.1. Each filter bag 6.2 has a connecting extension 6.5 seated into the receiving nest 6.7 of the ho¬ rizontal collecting pipe 6.3 arranged at the lower oart of the filter basket 6.1. The connecting extension 6 * 6 is provided .τ.ith neck 6 * 12 * The instant connection device 6 * 4 is arranged in the centre of the collecting pipe 6.3. through, which the filtrate passing into the collecting pipe can be*- drained * Por the lateral stabilizatio of the fil¬ ter basket 6 * 1 in the basic apparatus 1,, it is advisable to provide the filter basket- 6.1 w th supporting pieces 6.5 which bear up against the internal wall of cup 1.12. Ξach filter basket is formed as a simple .flat plate and both surfa¬ ces have a dense network of channels 6.9. These channels lead into the tubular frame 6.10 * The flat plate forming the filter bag 6.2 is covered with filter fabric 6.8 to retain the impurities and in given case it is replaceable. The filtrate passes through the filter fabric first into the channels 6.9, * t_hen into the tubu- lar frame 6.10, which carries it into the collect¬ ing pipe 6.3- -If for some reason less filter bags are necessary, then one or several of them can be removed and replaced by plugs 6.11 in the receiving nests 6.3. Pigure 8 shows the mixer apparatus 12 assembled from the basic apparatus 1 and mixing unit 2. The parts of the mixing unit 2- reaching into th apparatus 3pace 1.13 can be mounted either through the manhole 1.11 or by opening the dome cover 1.10 * The mixing unit 2 is fixed by con¬ necting the connecting flange 2.6 to the cover stub 1.1 * The mixer apparatus 12 can be coupled with the phase separator unit 45 assembled from the combined attachment unit 4 and level adjusting extension 5 * This way the- solvent extracting apparatus' shown in Pigure 9 is brought about. A connecting pipe is fitted to one of the intake stubs 1.5 of dome cover 1.10 and this is brought into connection with the washing liquid tank 22 and with. the feeding tank 27β The extracting li¬ quid is conducted from the washing li uid tank 22, while the material to be purified from the feeding tank 27 into the basic apparatus 1. The intensive contact of the washing liquid and ma¬ terial to be purified is ensured by the mixing unit 2. Under its influence the washing liquid dissolves the soluble components of the material to be purified. The new phases after resting can be discharged from the apparatus through the combined attachment unit 4. Draining of the light phase takes place through the connecting piec 4.5, while the heavier phase Is drained through the reduced stub 4.3« Simple emulsion separating apparatus 145 can be assembled as shown, in Pigure 10 * The emul¬ sion to be separated is admitted from tank- 21 through the intake stub 1 * 15 of dome cover 1.10 similarly into the apparatus, assembled ' from the basic apparatus 1 and phase separator unit 45- This latter mixing can be realized in the form of autoclave, e.g.. by use of the basic apparatus 1 and mixing unit 2. In this case the outlet stub 1.4 of the emulsion tank 21 is con¬ nected to the intake stub 1.5 of the emulsion separator apparatus 145 * Some kind of regulating device 7.1 is built into-the connecting pipe 7 * Assembly of the emulsion separator appara¬ tus 145 is commenced with assembly of the p&ase separator unit 45 from the combined attachment unit 4 and level adjusting extension 5, then the connecting flange 4.2 is fastened to the outlet stub 1.4 of the basic apparatus 1. The emulsion in the emulsion separator apparatus 145 separates to emulsion phases after suitable resting time. Next the _light phase is discharged through the connecting piece 45, and the- eavy phase through the reduced stub 4.3 * Pigure 11 illustrates the gas ' ashing appa¬ ratus 134 assembled from the basic apparatus 1, washfing unit and combined attachment unit 4 * The- supporting flange 3 * T of the washing unit 3 is connected to the cover stub.1 * 1 of the dome cover 1 * 10 and fixed. The discharge stub . 1 * 4 of cup 1.12 is fastened similarly as before to the connecting flange 4.2 of the combined attach- - ment unit 4. The gas to be purified is conducted through gas pipe 8 into the connecting piece 4.5 of the • combined attachment unit 4 and then into the apparatus space 1.13 of cup 1.12. The gas is washed with washing liquid. Por this purpose the circu¬ lating pipe 9 is connected to the reduced stub 4.3 of the combined attachment unit 4 and to the medium intake stub 3-5 of the washing unit 3 * With the aid of the circulating pump 20 built into the circulating pipe 9, the washing: liquid is passed off through the combined attachment unit 4, then returned into the washing unit and then into the apparatus space 1.13 of the basic apparatus 1. Por the quantitative control of the washing liquid an adjustable shut-off device 9 * 1 e * g * valve is built into the circulating pipe 9 * - Por removal of the gas purified in the gas washing apparatus 134, a drain pipe 10 is used into which, a shut-off device 10.1 suitable for th quamtitative control can be built in * Hatorally the circulating pump 20 is connected into the circulating pipe 9 in such a way, that its suction side is connected to the combined attach¬ ment unit 4 and its pressure side to the wash— ing unit 3. The pressurized washing liquid flowing through the nozzles 3-6 of the washing unit S brings about a fine spray fog in the apparatus space 1.13 of cup i„12, under the influence of which the undesirable components can be effec¬ tively removed from the gas to be purified. The gas arriving from underneath into the appa¬ ratus space 1.13 first bubbles through the wash¬ ing liquid in the apparatus space 1.13, then through the gas space above, . where it is purified in the spray fog. of the washing liquid to the de¬ sired degree. The gas purifier apparatus 1346 shown in Pigure 12 is brought about by complementing the C..-7 former gas washing apparatus 134 with the filter unit 6 * At the assembly first the basic appa¬ ratus 1 and- combined attachment unit 4 are fitted to each other as already described earlier * ϊext — after opening the dome, cover 1.10 - the filter unit 6 is placed into the apparatus space 1 * 13 * During this process the instant. connecting device- 6. of the filter unit 6 " is pressed into the instant connecting nest 4.1 of the combined attachment unit 4 * After closing the dome cover 1.10, the supporting flange 3.7 of the wa s hing unit 3 is fastened with the cover stub 1.1 0 The impure gas is forwarded through the reduced stub 4.3 into the branching space 4 * 6 of the adjoining house 4.7, then from there to the apparatus space 1.13 of cup 1.12. The pressurized- gas returns through the filter fabric 6.8, channels 6.9, tubular frame 6.10 collecting pipe 6.3 and instant connecting device 6.4 of the filter unit 6 into the com¬ bined attachment unit 4, through the connect¬ ing piece 4.5 of which it passes off, while the impurity is retained by the filter fabric 6.8. Clogging of the filter fabric 5.8 pores is continuously eliminated by regeneration with the washing liquid. The washing liquid is admitted into the apparatus space 1 * 13 through the nozzles 3 * 6 of the -washing unit 3* while the impure wash- Lag liquid is discharged from the apparatus space 1 * 13 through the drain pip 11 provided suitably with, shut-off device 11 * 1 connected p the low resistant stub 4-4 of the combined attach¬ ment unit 4.. Thus the filter fabric 6 * 8 is eye— lieally regenerated * Pigure 13 shows the purifying filter 1346 assembled similarly as the previous unit * The material is passed from the mixer autoclave 21 through the intake- pipe 12 into the interior of the purifying filter 1346. Pressure pump 28 is built into the intake pipe 12. The solution present present in given case in the purifying materials and mixed for due time in the mixing autoclave 21 is fed through the combined attachment unit 4 into the purifying filter 1346, ll en materials crystallizing by cooling are treated, the cooling medium is con¬ ducted into the jacket space 1.13 of cup 1 * 12 * Under the pressure of the pressure pump 20 the solution passes through the connecting piece 4.5 - 25 - of the combined attachment unijfc 4 into the dis¬ charge pipe- 13 as described earlier, and then. ' - into the collecting tank 23 of the washing li- • quid * Meanwhile thej undesirable impurities settle on .the surface of the filter, fabric 6 * 8, ' from wher they can be removed with washin li¬ quid admitted under overpressure through the- washing unit 3 * Thus the filter fabric 6.8 can be cyclically regenerated * The 'slurry collected in the branching space 4.6, or in the apparatus space 1.13 can be removed through the drain pipe connected • to the low resistant stub 4.4 -of the combined attachment unit 4. The cake -filtering apparatus 1346 shown in Pigure 14 can be assembled from the same units as before. The material pressed by the pressure pump 28 is carried through intake pipe 12 from the autoclave mixer 21 to the re¬ duced stub 4.3 of the combined attachment unit 4, and then into the branching space 4.6, then into the apparatus space 1.13. If for instance crystalline suspension is discharged from the mixing autoclave 21, the crystalline material remains on the surf c e of the filter fabric 6.8, while the matrix passes through the connecting piece 4.5 into the col¬ lecting tank: 24 * The matrix residue between the crystal particles retained on the filter fabric 6.8 is removed with washing liquid derived from tank: 22 * This takes place in such a way, that the washing liquid arriving through the reduced stub 4.3 is pressed through the crys¬ tal layer, then the used up washing liquid s drained through the connecting piece 4.5 into the collecting tank 23 * The useful material retained on the fil¬ ter fabric 6.8 is dissolved with washing liquid from the feeding ank 27, then it is carried along through the low resistant stub 4.4 into the suspension autoclave 26. The suspension autoclave 26 itself may be assembled from the basic apparatus 1 and mixing unit 2. Similarly the mixer autoclave 21 too can be assembled from the basic apparatus 1 and mixing unit 2. Pigure 15 demonstrates the crystallizing apparatus 1346 built up from the same units as earlier. Crystallization in the mixer apparatus 21 takes place under the influence of cooling. Thus when the largest crystals approach the re¬ quired size,, then upon openin -the shut-off device 13 * 1 of the discharge pipe 13, the crystal, slurry is pressed with the pressure pump 28 through the reduced stub 4 * 3 1 to the apparatus- space 1 * 13 ' of the crystallizing appa¬ ratus 1346. During the process the already suitable crystals remain on the surface of the filter fabric 6.8, while the suspension and rest of the slurry are recirculated through the con¬ necting piece 4.5 of the combined attachment unit 4. and drain pipe 14 into -the mixe appa¬ ratus 21. By favourable selection of the pump capacity 28, it can be attained that crystals in excess of the acceptable size should not be formed.. The crystal particles settled on the sur¬ face of the filter fabric 6.8 are removed by actuation of the washing unit 3. This crystal slurry, is removed from the crystallising appa— . ratus through the discharge pipe 11 fitted wath low resistant stub and connected with the shut- off device 11.1. The previously mentioned structural units are suitable for assembly of a drying apparatus 1346. shown in Pigure 16 * The useful material is retained on the filter fabric 6.8 of the filter unit's 6 filter bag $.2 by the method of cake filtering as already shown in Pigure 14 * Then the content is let off from the apparatus space 1.13 through the connecting piece 4.5, and the heating.φipe 15 is connected to the intake stub 1.5 o dome cover 1.10. Drying gas is admitted into the apparatus space through the heating pipe with the heat exchanger 25 * Under its in¬ fluence the hot drying gas passes through the - pores retained on the filter bags 6.2 and eva¬ porates the humidity therefrom. The -wet gas is removed through the suction pipe 16 attached to the connecting piece 4.5 suitably with the aid of vacuum. After drying to the required degree, the shut-off device of the heat¬ ing pipe 15 and that of the suction pipe 16 are closed, then the shut-off device 13 * 1 of the discharge pipe 13 connected to the low resistant stub 4.4 is opened. Next the washing unit 3 will be capable to wash down the cakes retained on the filter bags 6.8 with the aid of the washing liquid flowing from the tank 22 through the pressure pump 28,. and then the cales are forwarded through the discharge pipe 13 into the mixing autoclave 21 * ■ The adsorber apparatus 1346 shown in Pigure 17 is built up from the • former units * The ad¬ sorbent passing from the mixing autoclave 21 through the connecting pipe 7.is forwarded with pressure pump 26 to the reduced stub 4.3 of the combined attachment unit 4 and then into the apparatus space 1.13 * The solid particles of the adsorbent sus¬ pended in the mixing autoclave 21 cover the surface of the filter bags 6.2, while the sus¬ pension liquid can be discharged through the drain pipe 14 attached to the connecting piece 4.5 from the apparatus space 1.13 * The liquid or gas to be adsorbed is admitted into the appa¬ ratus space 1.13 through pressure pipe 17 ' and similarly through the reduced stub 4.3. The liquid to be adsorbed passes through the adsorbent deposited on the filter bags 6.2 and it becomes fixed, ' while the other components pass off through the connecting piece 4.5 and drain pipe 14. When the adsorbent layer is used up, inflow of the liquid through the pressure pip is stopped, then washing liquid is admitted from the feeding tank 27 with pressure pump 28 into the washing unit 3 and by this the used ■ up adsorbent is removed with the aid of the washing unit. This together with the washing liquid is discharged from ' the apparatus ' space 1.13 through the low resistant stub 4 * 4 and connected discharge pipe 13 * The multi-purpose chemical industrial apparatus according to the invention - as demonstrated above — ' is suitable for several, chemical industrial processes. Its advantages are obvious mainly in ti?e field of the pharma¬ ceutical industry and organic chemical industry, - where the production takes place mostly inter¬ mittently and with dosages of relatively small weight. In these industrial sectors highly va¬ luable products are processed with highly valuable reagents and the qualitative requirements exceed the degree characteristic to the other sectors of the chemical industry. According to the ex¬ periences the multi-purpose apparatus is comp¬ letely suitable to meet these high qualitative requirements *

Claims: WHAT. WE CLAIM IS 1 * Multi-purpose chemical industrial apparatus, particularly for carrying out the different processes of the pharmaceutical tech¬ nologies,, which has preferably a double-wailed . basic apparatus /!/ assembled from cup /1.12/ and attachable and openable dome cover /1.10/, the basic apparatus /!/ has a part for admission of the material to be processed, e.g * one or se¬ veral intake stub/s/ /1.5/ arranged on the dome cover /1.10/, a part for discharge of the ma¬ terial, e.g * outlet stub /1.4/ arranged on the cup /1.12/ and in given case devices suitable for temperature variation of the material, characterized in that the basic apparatus /I/ is connected at least with one washing unit /3/ and filter unit /6/ and combined attachment unit /4/ connectible ' to the outlet stub /I.4/ of the cup /I.12/. 2. Apparatus aα claimed in claim 1., characterized in that mixing unit /2/ is con¬ nected to the dome cover /I.10/ of the basic apparatus /I/. 3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that the cu /1.12/ of the basic apparatus /l/ has heating stQb /I.2/ connec¬ tible to heat source, e.g * heat exchanger, while the heating stub /1.2/ is led into the jacket space /I.3/ between the double wall of the cup /1 * 12/ 4 * .'Aparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 — 3.». characterized in that the dome cover /1.10/ is seated on the cup /1.12/ along connect—- ing flange /1 * 9/ and a lifting device /I * 8/ with. a coacting hinge /1.7/ is built in between the cup /1.12/ and -dome cover /I.10/ for lifting the said dome cover /I.10/. 5 * Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 — 4 * , characterized in tJiat the dome cover /I.10/ is provided with cover stub /l.l/ suitable for connection of the washing unit /3/ and in given case with manhole /l.ll/ that allows reach¬ ing into and/or entering the apparatus 3pace /I.13/ * 6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1., charac¬ terized in that the mixing unit /2/ includes a motor /2.4/-driven mixing shaft /2.5/ reaching into the apparatus space /1.13/, and mixing ele¬ ments /2.1/ formed for instance as blades arranged at the shaft-end, furthermore driving gear /2.3/ and/or coupling- /2.2/ are- built-in between the driving motor /2.4/ and mixing shaft /2.5/ * 7 * - Apparatus as claimed in. claim 6 * , characterized in that the mixing unit /2/ is introduce into the apparatus space /I.13/ through the dome cover /1.10/ -for instance through the cove stub /l.l/ or manhole /l.ll/ * 8 * Apparatus ' as claimed in ' claim 1 * . characterized in that the washing unit /3/ in— eludes a. revolving gear /3«l/-driv n washing shaft /3.3/ reaching into the -apparatus space /1.13/ and at least one spray pipe /3.4/ arranged at the shaft-end * . 9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8, cha¬ racterized in that the washing shaft /3.3/ passes through closed washing house /3.2/, while the washing house /3.2/ has a medium-intake stub /3 * 5/ for admitting the washing liquid and a supporting flange /3«7/ fixable to the dome cover /1.10/ preferably to its cover stub /l.l/. 10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 8. or 9., characterized in that the spray pipe /3.4/ is provided with nozzles /3.6/ con|orming to the character of the washing liquid and exchangeable in given case. 11 * Apparatus as claimed in claim l.,_ characterized in that the combined attachment unit /4/. includes branching piece /4.6/ fastened to the cup /I * 12/ of the basic apparatus /!/ and a connecting piece /4.5/ passing through the branching piece /4 * 6/ and reaching into the apparatus space /I * 13/ * 12 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 * -. charasterized in that the adjoining house /4.7/ has connecting devices of varying size suitable for admission and discharge of materials with different consistency, for instance one or several reduced stub/s/ /4.3/ or. low resistant 13 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 or 12.,' characterized in that the connecting flange /4 * 2/ is formed on the upper part of the branching piece /4.6/ for fastening to the discharge stub /I. / of the cup /I.12/ 14. Apparatus as claimed in ' any of claims 11 — 13., characterized in that the upper .end of the connecting piece /4.5/ is provided with de¬ vices arranged in the apparatus space, for ins¬ tance with instant-connecting nest /4.1/ suitable for direct connection e.g. with filter unit /6/. 15. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims. 11—14 * , characterized in that the combined attachment unit /4/ is complemented with one or several level adjusting extension/s/ /5/ suitable for extraction of material from the zones of varying height of the apparatus space /1 * 13/ * 16 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 15 * * characterized in that the level ad usting ex¬ tension /5/ inludes level adjusting tube /5.1/ •and instant-connecting device /5-2/ arranged at the lower end of the level adjusting tube /5.1/ fitting into the instant-connecting nest /4_1/ of the connecting piece /4.5/. 17 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that the filter unit /6/ is assembled from series of filter bags /6.2/ with large surface arranged in filter basket /6.1/ while the filter bags /6.2/ are connected to - collecting pipe /6.3/ underneath * 18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 17., characterized in that the filter bag /6„2/ is formed by flat plate encased in tubular frame /6.10/, 7/hich has preferably densely spaced network of channels /6.9/ on both sides lead¬ ing into the tubular frame /6.10/, while the filter bag /6.2/ is covered with exchangeable ' filter. abric /S -8/ conforming to the character of the material to be filtered. 19 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 17 or -18 ** . characterized in that the lower part of each filter bag /6.2/ has connecting extension /6.6/ and the collecting pipe /6.3/ has re¬ ceiving nests /6.7/ suitable for seating the connecting extensions. /Θ-.6/ * 2.0 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 19 * , characterized in that one or several filter bag/s/ /6 * 2/ is/are omitted, while the receiv¬ ing nests /6.7/ at the place of the missing filter bags /6.2/ are closed with plug /6.11/ substituting the connecting extension /6.6/ * 21 * Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 17 — 20 * , characterized in that the collecting pipe /6.3/ is provided with instant-connecting fevices /6.4/ for draining, fitted to the ins¬ tant-connecting nest /4.1/ of the combined attachment unit /4/. 22 * Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 17 - 21., characterized in that the supporting pieces /6.5/ are arranged on the outside of fil¬ ter basket /6.1/ being in frictional contact with the internal wall of the cup /I.12/. 23 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that the mixer apparatus /I2/ ^-^TR-HΛ " OMFI mixing unit /2/ * 24 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 * , characterized in that the phase separator unit /45/ is assembled from the combined attachment unit /4/ and level adjusting extension /5/ * 25. Apparatus as claimed in claims 23 and ■ 24.-, characterized in that the solvent extract¬ ing apparatus /1245/ is assembled from the mixer apparatus /12/ and phase separator unit /45/« ' 26. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that emulsion separator appa¬ ratus /145/ is assembled from the basic apparatus /l/ and phase separator unit /45/» 27. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1. , characterized in that gas washing apparatus /13 / ia assembled from the basic apparatus /!/, washing unit /3/ and combined attachment unit /4/. 28 * Apparatus as claimed in claim 1., characterized in that filter—washing apparatus /1346/ is assembled from the basic apparatus /I/ . washing unit /3/, combined attachment unit /4/ and filter unit /6/. 29 * Multi-purpose chemical industrial appa¬ ratus as claimed in claim 28., characterized in that ' gas filter, purifying filter, cake filter drying or adsorber apparatuses are assembled from the basic apparatus l/, washing unit /3/, combined attachment unit /4/ " and filter unit /6/ having in given case plug /6_11/ ia place of one or several filter bag/s/./6 * 2/ *

Inventors: DOMJAN S, KOCZKA S
Applicants: DOMJAN S, EGYT GYOGYSZERVEGYESZETI GYAR, KOCZKA S
Application year: 1981
Main classification: B01J19
IPC codes: B01J4, B01J19