SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

Abstract: A sewage treatment apparatus (10) receives water and waste from a toilet (12). A grinder (40) grinds the sewage, and the ground sewage is passed as a liquid through a series of pre-treatment compartments (38A-D) and then through an intensive treatment compartment (140). To support aerobic digestion of waste by bacteria in the compartment (38A-D, 140) oxygen gas is delivered thereto and dispersed by a sonic generator (90, 128) whereby the compartments are saturated with minute oxygen gas bubbles. A screen (144) in the compartment (140) supports bacterial growth. All liquid must pass therethrough before entering a disinfecting compartment (210) where ozone gas disinfects the liquid. Oxygen gas is formed as a by-product in the disinfecting compartment and is recycled back to the compartments (38A-D, 140).

Description: SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM TECHNICAL FIELD: The present invention relates to sewage treatment, and especially to on-location, closed 5 circuit treatments in which a sewage-containing liquid is purified and recycled. BACKGROUND ART: While sewage produced in areas served by sewer systems can be treated- at a main sewage treatment 10. plant, areas not served by a sewer system commonly employ a septic system wherein raw sewage is delivered to a buried septic tank where the solid matter is broken down by bacteria. Part of the sewage in the tank is discharged into distributing pipes located 15 beneath the ground surface and seeps into the soil where organic matter is further broken down. Besides requiring fresh water to flush toilets, etc., such a system requires land which can percolate sufficiently to drain the water. Thus, areas where percolation is 0 not adequate or where water conservation is demanded are not well suited to conventional septic systems. There have been heretofore proposed various water purification systems of an on-location type in which sewage" is purified and then returned to the 5 toilet(s). In this regard, it has been proposed to deliver sewage-containing water to a macerator which grinds the solids and discharges same into a treatment cha ber where bacterial action decomposes the waste material. Air is circulated within the treatment chamber to promote bacterial decomposition. Treated water is thereafter conducted to a settling chamber where solids settle to the bottom and form a sludge, and the sludge is recycled to the treatment chamber. Water from the settling chamber is conducted through a filter to a holding tank for eventual mixing with- waste solids in a toilet. It has also been proposed to achieve bacterial decomposition of the solids by passing the waste water through a- filter upon which the bacterial cultures may breed. The expedient of disinfecting the water with ozone gas has also been proposed. A problem which is characteristic of many prior art proposals ' involves the formation of sludge and the need to handle same by removal or recycling. This need adversely affects the convenience and capa¬ city of the system. Also, the requirement of filters can lead to problems if the filters become clogged. Previously suggested on-location systems would have to be quite large and cumbersome, and involve an undersir- ably long residence time for water being treated, in order to achieve the necessary capacity to service a house or apartment. OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide novel methods and apparatus for purifying sewage-containing liquid. It is another object of the invention to provide a waste water treatment system which eliminates the formation of sludge. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a waste water treatment system which effec¬ tively and rapidly decomposes waste material. It is another object of the invention to provide a waste water treatment system which operates relatively rapidly and efficiently so as to be suitable to handle more than one toilet. It is an additional object of the invention to provide a waste water treatment system which is highly compact and relatively simple in construction and operation. These objects are achieved by the present invention which relates to an on-location sewage treat¬ ment apparatus for purifying sewage-containing liquid as the liquid -travels from an inlet to an outlet. The apparatus comprises at least one sδwage pre-treatment compartment communicating with the inlet. A grinder receives sewage-containing liquid, grinds solid waste matter in the liquid, and discharges the ground waste and liquid as a colloidal mixture into the pre-treat¬ ment compartment. Treated liquid is conducted from the pre-treatment compartment to an intensive treatment compartment which includes a porous upright sheet member supporting the growth of bacteria thereon which consumes waste matter in liquid traveling therethrough toward the outlet. The sheet is positioned such that all the liquid must pass therethrough before reaching the outlet. The pre-treatment and intensive treatment compartments are saturated with minute oxygen gas bubbles. This is achieved by generating sound waves in those compartments beneath the liquid level and direct¬ ing oxygen gas bubbles into contact with the sound waves such that the oxygen gas is sonically dispersed. Aerobic digestion of waste by bacteria is promoted by the saturating oxygen gas bubbles so that no sludge is formed. The present invention also provides an apparatus for purifying a bacteria-containing liquid. The apparatus comprises means for conducting a flow of the liquid. A sonic nozzle is arranged for submersion in the flow of liquid and comprises a passage with an outlet, and a vibratory member. The latter is sup¬ ported in alignment with the passage downstream of the outlet by means of wires. The vibratory member generates sound waves when acted upon by fluid from the passage. A conductor circulates an ozone gas- containing fluid . The present invention also provides a. sewage treatment apparatus for purifying sewage-containing liquid- Which comprises a compartment for supporting aerobic digestion of waste material by bacteria. A generator generates sound waves in the compartment beneath the liquid level. A nozzle directs oxygen gas- containing liquid into the compartment beneath the liquid surface and toward the generator so that the oxygen gas contacts the sound waves and is sonically dispersed in a manner saturating the compartment with minute oxygen gas bubbles through the passage and into contact with the deflecting member to vibrate the latter and form sound waves which disperse the ozone gas into minute ozone gas bubbles which saturate the liquid flow and destroy the bacteria. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: These objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals designate like elements and in which: Figure 1 is a perspective schematic view depicting the basic components of a waste water treat¬ ment system according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the system depicted in Figure 1 illustrating a first pre¬ ferred system for conducting oxygen from a disinfecting compartment to a plurality of oxygen treatment compart¬ ments; Figure 3 is a more detailed plan view of a treatment container according to the present invention of the type depicted in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 3; Figure ' 5 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 5-5 of Figure 3; Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view taken through a pump grinder according to the present inven¬ tion; Figure 7 is a sectional view through the pump grinder taken along line 7-7 of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a perspective view of an accordian-pleated porous sheet and its support accord¬ ing to the present invention; Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view through a nozzle utilized in the present invention to inject and disburse gases; Figure 10 is a schematic plan view of a water treatment system according to the present invention utilizing a different embodiment of means for circulat¬ ing oxygen gas; Figure 11 is a schematic plan view of an alternate embodiment of the support for the accordian- pleated porous sheeting; Figure 12 is a perspective view of the support depicted in Figure 11; and Figure 13 is a vertical sectional view through a portion of the modified sheet support taken along line 13-13 of Figure 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION: A preferred on-location sewage treatment system 10 according to the. present invention is intended to be fluidly connected 'to one or more toilets 12, as in a home or apartment, for example (see Fig. 1) . A sewage-conducting liquid, such as water, is contained within the system and mixes with the sewage at the toilet in conventional fashion. The sewage- containing water is conducted downwardly, by gravity flow in a delivery duct 14, to a treatment system 10, wherein the water is purified and recycled to the toilet via a return line 16. The system is basically a closed-circuit type of system, although excess purified water may be removed from the system via an overflow. The treatment system includes a container 18 in which the water is treated, an ozonator 20 for supplying ozone to the water as part of the treatment, and a recycling pump/storage tank 22 to which the treated water is delivered prior to being recycled to the toilet 12. The container 18 comprises a tank 30 (Figs. 3-5) having a floor 31A and upright walls 31B forming a chamber 32 therein of polygonal, preferably O PI square, cross-section. The tank 30 is formed of any suitable material such as Fiberglas, PVC, metal, etc., capable of containing a sewage-water effluent. This tank 30 may, if desired, be contained within an enclo- sure 33 which includes a base 33A and a cover 33B, although such an enclosure is not required. Disposed within the tank 30 is a first cylindrical wall 34 of circular cross-section which extends the height of the tank and whose outer diameter is equal in length to the horizontal dimension of each inner side of the square chamber 32. Thus, the first wall 34 abuts the inner surfaces 36 of the tank side walls at four locations midway between the tank corners to. form four pre-treatment compartments 38A, B, C, D at the corners of the tank 30. " An initial one 38A of the pre-treatment com¬ partments receives raw waste, such as human feces and - cellulose (toilet paper) , via the delivery duct 14 from the toilets. The delivery duct actually feeds into a pump grinder 40 which functions to pulverize and comminute the waste solids into a fine powdery sub¬ stance entrained in the water. The pump grinder 40 (Fig. 6) is situated near the bottom of the first pre- treatment compartment 38A and comprises a conventional electric motor 42 mounted on the enclosure base 33A externally of the first pre-treatment compartment. The motor 42 includes a rotary output shaft 44 projecting through a water-tight seal in the enclosure base 33A and into the first pre-treatment compartment 38A. Connected to the enclosure base 33A is a circular cylindrical sleeve 46 whose longitudinal axis is aligned with the motor output shaft 44. The sleeve 46 projects through a seal 54 in the tank 30 and into the first pre-treatment compartment 38A. At its inner end the sleeve has external threads 48 which are screw- connected to internal threads on a fitting 50 affixed to the enclosure base 33A. The sleeve is open at its outer end 52 remote from the enclosure base 33A. The sewage inlet conduit 14 passes through the enclosure base and the tank 30 and communicates fluidly with the sleeve at a point 53 behind the sleeve open end 52. It will be appreciated that if the enclosure 33 is omitted, the motor 42 and sleeve 46 could be affixed to the tank 30. Mounted for rotation within a chamber 56 of the sleeve is a blade in the form of a disc 58. The disc 58 is affixed to the outer end of the output shaft 44 such that the plane of the disc 58 is situated at an acute angle (non-perpendicular) relative to the"axis of the drive shaf . The disc is of elliptical configura¬ tion and is designed to conform to the interior surface 60 of the sleeve while spaced slightly therefrom. In this regard, the outer periphery 62 of the disc is disposed parallel to the surface 60 and is spaced therefrom by a very slight amount to form a gap 65. In one preferred working embodiment, the inner diameter of the sleeve is 2 inches (5.08 cm) and the gap 65 is 0.022 inch (0.0559 cm). The sleeve 46 is provided with a series of apertures 64 disposed within a cylindrical region 66 of the sleeve defined by the rotational move¬ ment of the disc 58. That is, rotation of the motor output shaft 44 produces a corresponding rotation of the disc 58 within a region defined by the forwardmost and rearwardmost ends 68, 70 of the disc. The area 71 within the sleeve 46 extending from the enclosure base 33A to initial ones of the apertures 64, remains filled with a liquid during operation of the pump. A pumping pocket 72 is formed in the region of the apertures and bordered by the sleeve and an inner face 74 of the disc. This pumping pocket is also bordered by liquid in the area 71, the latter defining, in effect, a fluid cushion for the pumping pocket. As the disc rotates at high speeds, e.g., on the order of 3450 rpm, for example, the rear face 74 of the disc travels rapidly through the water in the pocket, forcing that water outwardly through the apertures. This exiting of the water creates a strong suction in the pumping pocket which draws water and sewage into the sleeve via the open outer sleeve end 52 and/or the sewage inlet 53, and draws the water/sewage mixture through the gap 65. The beating and pulveriz¬ ing action is imparted to the waste traveling through the gap. Thereafter, ejection of the pulverized waste' through the apertures 64 ' produces further pulverization of the waste as the waste contacts the inner edges 76 of the apertures, which edges form cutting edges. Apertures of a 1/4 inch (0.635 cm) diameter have been found to be particularly effective in this regard. Preferably, the apertures extend non-radially relative to the rotary axis, to intensify the cutting action of the waste against the aperture edges (Fig. 7). It has been found that in practice the pump grinder 40 transforms all waste solids into a fine, powdery form, the particles of which are of microscopic size. This powdery substance, as mixed with the water, results in a colloidal mixture emitted from the grinder into the first pre-treatment compartment 38A. The open-endedness of the sleeve is of importance because it enables the colloidal mixture surrounding the grinder to be repeatedly cycled through the pump for yet further physical breakdown. This action is promoted by the fact that the denser colloidal mixture remains nearer to the bottom of the compartment, whereas cleaner water rises upwardly. Importantly, by reducing the waste solids to 5 a microscopic size, the resultant total surface area of the waste to be acted upon by bacteria is maximized, thereby promoting a rapid bacterial decomposition of the solids and avoiding the creating of sludge as would likely occur from the use of conventional waste 10 macerators. Instead of arranging the sewage inlet 53 within the sleeve 46 as depicted, that inlet could be spaced from the open end 52 of the sleeve and directed theretowards so that sewage discharged from the inlet 15. is sucked into that open. end, along with the surround¬ ing colloidal mix. The initial pre-treatment compartment 38A communicates with the second pre-treatment compartment 38B by a first gravity-flow transfer conduit 80 20 inclined downwardly toward the second pre-treatment compartment to permit flow from the former to the latter. The first transfer conduit is disposed exter¬ nally of the tank 30. The second pre-treatment compartment 38B 25 communicates with the third pre-treatment compartment 38C in similar fashion by means of an inclined second transfer conduit 82. In similar fashion, the third pre-treatment compartment 38C communicates with the final pre-treatment compartment 38D via an inclined 30 third transfer conduit 84. Water is thus able to pass by gravity successively through the series-connected pre-treatment compartments while bacteria common to the waste matter attack and consume the latter by aerobic digestion. In order to promote ' such action there extends into each of the pre-treatment compartments an oxygen pipe which injects pure oxygen into the compart¬ ment from a source to be described later herein. Importantly, the oxygen is highly dispersed in the form of millions of tiny bubbles which makes oxygen available throughout the compartment for reac¬ tion with the waste for more rapid decomposition. This dispersion is achieved by employing conventional nozzles 90 (Fig. 9) in a unique manner. The nozzles 90 are disposed at the ends of water and oxygen conduits 92, 94 which extend downwardly, side-by-side into each of the pre-treatment compartments. The water is pumped by a pump 96 (Fig; 4) located further along in the treatment tank, as will be discussed, and is delivered to -the vertical conduits 92 via a manifold.100. The nozzles * 90 are preferably of a type manufactured by the Sonic Development Corp. of Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, and comprise a head 102 and a cylindrical sleeve 104 connected thereto. The head 102 Sficludes a center bore 196 and external screw threads which connect to internal threads at the front of the sleeve 104. The sleeve includes an internal chamber 108 to which is conducted water via a first port 110, and oxygen via a second port 112. Situated within the sleeve is an aspirator collar 114 and a chamber parti¬ tion member 116. The aspirator collar 114 abuts against a shoulder 117 of the head 102 and includes an axial throughbore 118 aligned with the outlet 106 of the head, and a series of minute side openings 120 which extend inwardly in a forwardly inclined direction to communicate with the throughbore 118. The collar is of smaller diameter than the chamber 108 so as to form an outer passage 119 communicating with the openings 120. The chamber partition member 116 includes front external screw threads 121 which are connectible to internal threads at the rear of the head 112. The threads 121 do not extend completely around the member 116; rather, the member 116 is flattened at opposite sides (not shown) to define liquid passages. The chamber partition forms a central passage 122. nd com¬ prises, in effect, a hollow rod 116 which abuts against a rear face of the collar 114. The rod 116 forces the collar 114 against the head 102 and is of smaller dia¬ meter than the chamber 108 to form continuations of the outer and inner passages 118, 119 of the collar. An 0- ring seal 126 is disposed at the rear end of the rod 116 to fluidly seal the outer and inner passages from one another. __» At the front of the head'is mounted a disper¬ sion cup 128 which is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle discharge opening 106. The disper¬ sion member is supported by thin, spaced wires 130 which are affixed to the head 102. In operation, water is forced through the water port 110, through the inner passage 108, 122, 118, and is discharged from the discharge opening 106. In so doing, the flowing water aspirates oxygen through the openings 120, the outer passage 108, 119 and the oxygen inlet 112. The air and water are mixed as the air emerges from the openings 120 and that mix¬ ture is directed against the dispersion cup 128. As a result, the mixture is dispersed in all directions, primarily rearwardly toward the water inlet. The wires 130 are of such nature that oscillation of the cup is produced by the impact of the mixture thereagainst so as to create sound waves which disperse the oxygen to a high degree, thereby forming thousands, or millions, of tiny oxygen bubbles. These bubbles thoroughly saturate the surrounding area to intensify the bacterial decomposition of the waste material. Thus, waste matter emitted from the grinder 40 in the .form of water-entrained powder, is continually acted upon by bacteria and recycled through the grinder, the aerobic digestive action of the bacteria being actively promoted by the continuously available oxygen. Cleaner water migrates to the top of the compartment and travels successively to the final pre-treatment compartment via the gravity transfer conduits. As noted earlier, the nozzles 90 are of a conventional nature employed, however, in the manu- facture of artificial snow. Normal operation of the nozzles is quite different from the presently described use in that air is passed through the inner or central passage to aspirate water from the outer passage. The sonic action disperses the water into smaller particles which are formed into ice or snow. At the final pre-treatment compartment 38D the cylindrical wall 34 includes a notch 132. Thus, water from this compartment 38D flows by gravity through the notch and into an intensive treatment σom- part ent 140 formed between the first cylindrical wall 34 and a second cylindrical wall 142 spaced radially inwardly of the first cylindrical wall 34. Situated within the intensive treatment compartment 140 is a porous treatment surface in the form of a porous sheet- ing 144 arranged in a circular accordian-pleated con¬ figuration (as viewed from above) . The sheeting is mounted on a frame (Fig. 8) comprising inner and outer upper rings 146, 148 and inner and outer lower rings 150, 152. The inner and outer upper rings 146, 148 are interconnected by a series of braces 154, and inner and outer lower rings 150, 152 are interconnected by a series of braces 156. A plurality of inner upright bars 158 interconnect the inner rings 146, 150, and a plurality of outer upright bars 160 interconnect the outer rings 148, 152. The sheeting 144 is wrapped around the upright bars 158, 160 to form the accordian- pleated configuration, thereby maximizing the surface area to be contacted by the water being treated. The sheeting 144 can be of any suitably porous nature, one preferable form of sheeting being formed of a Nylon R felt material of about 1/8 inch (0.318 cm) thickness sold by American Felt and Filter Corp., 110 Canal Street, Westerly, Rhode Island under NY 7209. The sheeting 144 promotes the growth of bacteria thereon, either the usual bacteria found with¬ in the waste matter, or a specially bred commercial bacteria if desired. Upon installation of the system, it may be desirable to employ a commercially available bacteria so that a bacteria culture is present when the system is first placed into operation, rather than waiting for bacteria from the waste to breed. A layer 168 of sand lies at the bottom of the container into which layer the sheeting extends, to prevent the water from by-passing beneath the sheet. As pre-treated water flows through the sheet¬ ing 144, it undergoes an intensive treatment by the bacteria which consumes any remaining waste matter by aerobic digestion. Aerobatic digestion is promoted by the introduction of oxygen into the intensive treatment compartment. Such introduction can be achieved by employing one or more sonic aeration nozzles 170 similar to those 90 described previously which are fed by oxygen and water conduits 172, 174. The nozzles are disposed on opposite sides of the sheeting to contact water flowing into and from the sheeting. The orienta¬ tion of the nozzles is such as to expell fluid in directions generally tangent to the sheeting to creεte a circular flow around the sheeting for a more uniform treatment. An alternative form of support for the sheet¬ ing is depicted in Figs. 11-13. In that embodiment, the inner and outer rings 146A, 148A, 150A, 152B and the upright bars 158A, 160 are in the form of hollow tubes. Oxygen under pressure is delivered via conduit 190 to the outer upper tube 148A, and conducted to the lower inner tube 152A via the outer upright tubes 160A. The lower inner tube 150A- contains openings with , upwardly directed diffusers 192 to emit and disperse oxygen. The oxygen can also be delivered to the lower inner tube 150A via reinforcing tubes 194, the upper inner tube 146A, and the inner upright tubes 158A, and dispersed through diffusers 192. A notch 200 formed in the second cylindrical wall 142 conducts water into a final oxygen treatment compartment 202. In this compartment, the water is subjected to oxygen gas pumped-in through a pipe 206 and discharged through a suitable atomizing device such as a sonic aeration nozzle 204 of the type 90 pre¬ viously described which is supplied with water via conduit 205. The pump 96, a conventional electric pump, is located in. this compartment 202 and circulates water through the manifold 98 to operate the sonic aeration nozzles 90, 170, 204 in the manner previously described. Communicating with the final oxygen treatment compartment 202 is a disinfecting compartment 210 (Fig. 5). In this compartment 210 the water is subjected to the disinfecting action of ozone gas supplied by the afore-mentioned ozonator 20 which is a conventional electrically operated mechanism for producing ozone gas. The ozone is fed into the disinfecting compart¬ ment which is defined by a porous third cylindrical wall 211. This wall 211 preferably comprises a PVC pipe 212 which has openings 214 cut therein. A sheet 216 of porous nylon may optionally be provided to over¬ lie the wall 211. The wall 211 confines the ozone gas which is pumped-in through a conduit 218 and ejected through a sonic aspirator nozzle 220. The ozonator may be of the type available from Pure Air Products, 949 White Bridge Rd. , Millington, New Jersey. As ozone gas enters the water, it attacks viruses and other harmful bacteria. Produced as a product of the chemical reaction of the ozone gas is pure oxygen gas which is collected at the top of the disinfecting compartment 210. In this regard, a cover 224 seats upon the wall 211 to close-off the space above the water in the disinfecting compartment to prevent escape of the oxygen gas. The openings 214 in the wall 211 are spaced below the normal water level to also prevent such escape. This trapped oxygen gas constitutes the source of pure oxygen supplied to the sonic aeration nozzles 90, 170, 204 as previously discussed. A conduit 226 communicates with the upper end of the disinfecting compartment to conduct the oxygen to the respective nozzles in response to the aspirating action produced by water traveling through these nozzles. Purified water from the disinfecting compart¬ ment is drawn-off through a conduit 230 by the pump 22 and is stored therein for eventual reuse. The pump 22 comprises a standard shallow well pump of the type which incorporates a storage tank therein. If desired, a conventional' charcoal filter cartridge 231 may be disposed in the conduit 230 to remove unwanted pigment from the water. Water from the pump storage tank is supplied to the toilet tank 233 as the previously-stored water therein empties into the toilet bowl. At the same time, the pump is actuated by the toilet flush handle to replenish the pump storage tank. • In the event that the system becomes over- charged with water, an overflow outlet conduit 232 is provided in the disinfecting compartment 210. Excess water enters the overflow inlet 234 near the top of the compartment 210 and travels to a suitable location, such as a stream or well for example. This excess of water may occur if the system is connected to receive water from sinks, tubs, etc., while supplying only the toilets. In some instances it may occur that some slight amount of scum forms at the top of the final pre-treatment compartment 38D. While the formation of such scum is to be expected and does not adversely affect the operation of the system nor produce a foul odor, it may be desirable, for the sake of appearance, to remove the scum by agitating and dispersing it, or by drawing it off. The latter expedient may involve the use of a conduit 250 having an inlet disposed at the expected water level of the final pre-treatment compartment 38D and an outlet at the bottom of the initial pre-treatment compartment. As noted earlier, pure oxygen from the top of the disinfecting compartment is positively advanced to the sonic aeration nozzles by water-induced suction at the nozzles. An alternative means for inducing the flow of oxygen involves the use of a pump 270 (Fig. 10) which draws-out the oxygen via a conduit 272 and delivers it to an oxygen manifold 274 for delivery to sonic aeration nozzles or other diffusers. Such a system could replace the pump-driven water conduit system 96, 98. Positive oxygen flow from the c pump 270 could also be directed via conduit 276 to the ozonator 20 to induce the flow of ozone to the disinfecting compartment via conduit 278, in lieu of the pump 222. In operation, water is maintained in the container 18 * at all times. The level of the water is determined at the disinfecting compartment, the level normally being disposed above the notch 200 in the second cylindrical wall but below the inlet to the overflow conduit 232. Thus, the sewage-containing water in the various oxygen treatment compartments 38A, B, C, D, 140, 202 is subjected to aerobic digestion by bacteria therein. Water disposed in the disinfecting compartment 210 undergoes a continuous disinfecting treatment by ozone gas which is continually circulated therein. As a by-product of this reaction, pure oxygen is formed which is collected at the top of the disin¬ fecting compartment 210 and is conducted to the sonic aeration nozzles 90, 170, 204 in the oxygen treatment compartments. Water is pumped to each of these nozzles by the pump 96 (Fig. 4) located in one of the oxygen treatment compartments 202. This water flows through the inner passage 108, 122, 118 in each nozzle and aspirates oxygen from the outer passage 108, 119 (Fig. 9). The air/water mixture ejected from the nozzle impinges against the deflecting cup 128, the latter generating sound waves which disperse the oxygen gas, thereby creating thousands or millions of tiny bubbles which saturate the respective oxygen treatment compart¬ ment. As a result, the aerobic digestion by the bacteria is intensively promoted by the oxygen. This operation occurs continually as the water sits in the container. When the toilet 12 is flushed, so as to empty the toilet storage tank into the bowl, water in the toilet storage tank is immediately replaced from the storage tank of the main supply pump 22. At the same time, the latter pump 22 is activated to draw fresh _ water from the disinfecting ' compartment 210 to replenish the pump storage tank. Removal of water from the disinfecting compartment 210 produces a correspond¬ ing gravitational movement of water throughout the con¬ tainer 18. That is, water from the final oxygen treat- ment compartment 202 passes through the holes 214 in the third wall 211. In response thereto, water from the intensive treatment compartment passes through the notch 200 in the second wall 142 and enters the final oxygen treatment compartment 202. This enables water within the intensive treatment compartment 140 to pass through the bacteria-containing sheet 144, whereupon further aerobic digestion of waste occurs. In response thereto, water from the final pre-treatment compartment 38D passes through the notch 132 in the first wall 34 and enters the intensive treatment compartment 140. Water from the third pre-treatment compartment 38C enters the final pre-treatment compartment 38D via the gravity conduit 84; water from the second treatment compartment 383 gravitates into the third pre-treatment compartment 38C via the gravity conduit 82; and water from the first pre-treatment compartment 38A gravitates into the second pre-treatment compartment 38B via the gravity conduit 80. 5 Flushing of the toilet further activates the pump grinder 40 which functions to suck-in the sewage and grind same to a powder which is ejected as a colloidal mixture into the first pre-treatment co part- -ment 38A. As the grinder continues to operate, the 10 colloidal mixture in the vicinity of the grinder is sucked back into the grinder and reground. The grinder may be activated for a predetermined period of time following flushing before stopping, or the grinder may be set to operate at regular intervals whether- or not 1 ' 5 the toilet.is flushed. ' • It will be appreciated that the present invention provides a water treatment facility which decomposes waste matter in a highly effective and rapid manner. Since the pump grinder continually regrinds 20 waste material, it is assured that the waste matter being treated starts out at a microscopic size and is readily attacked by bacteria. The bacterial digestion is intensively promoted by the production of pure oxygen which is highly dispersed by the sonic aeration 5 nozzles to saturate the various compartments. The * high content of pure oxygen in any given sample of water in the oxygen treatment compartments assures that a very rapid digestion of the waste matter can occur. Accord¬ ingly, no sludge is produced by the present invention, 30 . even when a relatively short residence time of the waste water is needed. The provision of a circular accordian-pleated sheet which supports a bacteria culture, further assures that a thorough and intensive treatment of the waste matter by the bacteria will occur. The large surface area presented by the accordian-pleated facilitates handling of a relatively large volume of waste water. There is no danger of clogging because any remaining waste particles are smaller than the pores in the sheet 144. Effective support of the bacterial digestion occurs through the use of pure oxygen. The latter is supplied economically as a reaction product of the ozone treatment. An alternative is to employ ambient air which contains impurities as well as a smaller ratio of oxygen. The overall arrangement of the compartments is highly efficient and compact, rendering the system -» highly ideal for use within a small area. This is achieved due to the employment of the outer main wall and an inner wall which contacts the former at spaced locations to define therewith the pre-treatment com¬ partments. The various walls of the system cooperate to form the various compartments thereby minimizing the size and cost of the system. The alternate embodiment wherein the accordian-sheet support assembly is formed of oxygen- conducting tubes, provides further simplification of the system and efficient use of its components. Although the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that addi¬ tions, modifications, substitutions, and deletions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ' of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims: -22- WHAT IS CLAIMED IS: 1. A sewage treatment apparatus for purify¬ ing sewage-containing liquid as said liquid travels from an inlet to an outlet of said apparatus, said apparatus comprising: (1) at least one sewage pre- treatment compartment communicating with said inlet; (2) grinder means for grinding all solid waste matter in said liquid and discharging the ground waste and liquid as a colloidal mixture into said pre-treatment compartment; (3) means for conducting the pre-treated liquid from said pre-treatment compartment to an inten¬ sive treatment compartment which includes a porous upright sheet member supporting the growth of bacteria thereon for consuming waste matter in liquid passing through said sheet member toward said outlet, said sheet being disposed across the"path of travel of the pre-treated liquid such that all of the pre-treated liquid is required to pass through the sheet before reaching the outlet; and (4) sonic means for saturating said pre-treatment and intensive treatment compartments with minute oxygen gas bubbles comprising (a) means for generating sound waves in said pre-treatment compart¬ ment and said intensive treatment compartment beneath the liquid levels therein, and (b) means for introduc- ing oxygen gas into said pre-treatment compartment and said intensive treatment compartment beneath the liquid levels therein, and for directing such oxygen gas into contact with the sound waves such that the oxygen gas is sonically dispersed and saturates said pre-treatment and intensive treatment compartments with minute bubbles of oxygen gas, to promote the aerobic digestive action of the bacteria sufficiently to prevent the accumulation of sludge. 2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 including a supply of essentially pure oxygen gas, said means for introducing oxygen gas communicating with said supply. 3. Apparatus according to Claim 2 including a disinfecting compartment in fluid communication with said intensive treatment compartment, an ozone gas generator, means for introducing ozone gas from said ozone generator into said disinfecting compartment to disinfect the liquid, with essentially pure oxygen gas being produced as a reaction product and constituting said supply of essentially pure oxygen gas. 4. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said means for introducing oxygen gas comprised an outlet directed toward said means for generating sound waves. 5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, wherein said means for generating sound waves comprises a vibratory element mounted in alignment with said outlet so as to be vibrated by oxygen gas emerging from said outlet to generate sound waves which disperse the oxygen gas. 6. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said sonic means comprises a nozzle having a liquid- conducting passage for conducting liquid, and an oxygen gas-conducting passage communicating with said liquid- conducting passage in such manner that liquid flow draws oxygen gas into said liquid flow, said nozzle further having a vibratory element aligned with said liquid passage and arranged to be vibrated by the liquid-oxygen gas flow from said liquid, passage in a manner generating sound waves which disperse the oxygen gas. 7. Apparatus according to Claim 6, wherein said vibratory element is attached to a body of said nozzle by wires and is cup-shaped to disperse the oxygen gas in an annular pattern. 8. Apparatus according to Claim 6, wherein said liquid passage includes an inlet communicating with liquid which has passed through said upright screen. 9. . Apparatus according to Claim 1.or 6,- wherein said porous sheet is arranged in an annular pattern and is surrounded by liquid in said intensive treatment compartment, said sonic means being arranged to induce an annular circulation of such liquid around said sheet. 10. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said pre-treatment compartment communicates with said intensive treatment compartment at the surface of the former. 11. Apparatus according to Claim 1 including a toilet connected in closed circuitry with said inlet and outlet such that sewage from said toilet enters said inlet and purified water from said outlet is recirculated to said toilet. 12. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said upright sheet member is arranged in a circular accordian-pleated configuration. 13. Apparatus according to Claim 12 includ¬ ing a support for carrying said porous sheet member, said support including hollow tubes, one of said tubes being circular and situated at a lower end of said sheet member, and means for conducting oxygen gas into said tubes and from holes in said one tube. 14. An on-location sewage treatment apparatus for purifying sewage-containing liquid, said apparatus comprising: (1) a compartment for receiving the liquid and for supporting aerobic digestion of waste material by bacteria, and (2) sonic means for saturating said compartment with minute oxygen gas bubbles comprising (a) means for generating sound waves in said compartment beneath the liquid level therein, and (b) means for introducing oxygen gas-containing fluid into said compartment comprising an outlet through which said fluid is discharged, said outlet being submerged beneath the liquid surface and directed toward said generating means such that oxygen gas dis- charged from said outlet contacts said sound waves and is sonically dispersed in a manner saturating said compartment with minute oxygen bubbles. 15. Apparatus according to Claim 14 includ¬ ing a supply of essentially pure oxygen gas, said means for introducing oxygen-gas containing fluid communicat¬ ing with said supply. 16. Apparatus according to Claim 14, wherein said means for generating sound waves comprises a vibratory element mounted in alignment with said outlet to be vibrated by oxygen gas emerging from said outlet to generate sound waves which disperse the oxygen gas. 17. Apparatus according to Claim 14, wherein said sonic means comprises a nozzle having a liquid- conducting passage for conducting liquid, and an oxygen-conducting passage communicating with said liquid-conducting passage in such manner that liquid flow draws oxygen gas into said liquid flow, said nozzle further having a vibratory element aligned with said liquid passage and arranged to be vibrated by the liquid-oxygen gas flow from said liquid passage in a manner generating sound waves which disperse the oxygen gas. 18. Apparatus according to Claim 17, wherein said vibratory element is attached to a body of said nozzle by wires and is cup-shaped to di'sperse the oxygen gas in an annular pattern. 19. Apparatus for purifying a bacteria- containing liquid, comprising: (1) means for conduct¬ ing a flow of said liquid; (2) sonic nozzle means for saturating said flow of liquid with minute ozone gas bubbles, said sonic nozzle means arranged for submer¬ sion in said flow of liquid and comprising (a) a passage having an outlet, and (b) a vibratory deflect¬ ing member supported in alignment with said passage downstream of said outlet by means of wires, said deflecting member generating sound waves when acted upon by fluid from said passage; and (3) means for circulating an ozone gas-containing fluid through said passage and into contact with said deflecting member to vibrate the latter and form sound waves which disperse the ozone gas into minute ozone gas bubbles which destroy the bacteria. 20. Apparatus according to Claim 19 includ¬ ing an ozone generator communicating with said cir¬ culating means. 21. Apparatus according to Claim 19, wherein said passage comprises a liquid-conducting passage for conducting liquid, the ozone gas conducted by a secondary passage which communicates with said liquid- conducting passage in such manner that liquid flow draws ozone gas into said liquid flow. 22. Apparatus according to Claim 21, wherein said vibratory element is attached to a body of said nozzle by wires and is cup-shaped to disperse the ozone gas in an arftiular*pattern.- 23. An on-location sewage treatment . apparatus for purifying sewage-containing liquid, said apparatus comprising: (1) a tank forming a chamber; (2) a first wall disposed within said chamber and form¬ ing therewith a plurality of series-connected pre- treatment compartments; (3) grinder means for receiving sewage-containing liquid, grinding waste solids therein, and introducing the liquid and ground waste in the form of a colloidal mixture into a first of said pre-treatment compartments; (4) conduit means for con¬ ducting the colloidal mixture by gravity from said first pre-treatment compartment successively to the remaining pre-treatment compartments, the waste matter therein being aerobically consumed by bacteria in each of said pre-treatment compartments; (5) a second wall spaced inwardly of said first wall and forming therewith an intensive treatment compartment; (6) a passage formed in said first wall for passing pre- treated liquid from the final pre-treatment compartment to said intensive treatment compartment; (7) an upright porous sheet disposed in said intensive treatment com- part ent between said first and second walls, said sheet supporting a bacteria culture thereon which con¬ sumes waste matter passing through the sheet, -and extending across the path of travel of the pre-treated liquid such that, all of the pre-treated liquid is required to pass through the sheet; (8) a cylindrical porous wall disposed within said second wall for defin¬ ing a disinfecting compartment; (9) a passage formed in said second wall for passing liquid therefrom into a final oxygen treatment compartment surrounded by said s.econd wall; (10) means for introducing ozone gas into said disirifecfting compartment to disinfect the liquid; - (11) collecting means for collecting essentially pure oxygen formed as a reaction product in said disinfect¬ ing compartment; and (12) sonic means for saturating all of said pre-treatment compartments and said inten¬ sive treatment compartment with minute oxygen bubbles comprising (a) means for generating sound waves in said pre-treatment compartments and said intensive treatment compartment beneath the liquid levels therein; and (b) means for communicating with said collecting means for introducing said essentially pure oxygen gas into said pre-treatment compartments and said intensive treatment compartment beneath the liquid levels therein and for directing such oxygen gas into contact with the sound waves such that the oxygen gas is sonically dispersed and saturates said pre-treatment compartments and said intensive treatment compartment with minute bubbles of oxygen gas, to promote the aerobic digestive action of the bacteria sufficiently to prevent the accumulation of sludge. 24. Apparatus according to Claim 23, wherein said sonic means comprises a nozzle having a liquid- conducting passage for conducting liquid, and an oxygen-conducting passage communicating with said liquid-conducting passage in such manner that liquid flow draws oxygen gas into said liquid flow, said nozzle further having a vibratory element aligned with said liquid passage and arranged to be vibrated by the liquid-oxygen gas flow from said liquid passage in a manner generating sound waves which disperse the oxygen gas. 25. Apparatus according to Claim 24, wherein said vibratory element is attached to a body of said nozzle by wires and.is .cup- ' shaped to disperse the oxygen gas in an annular pattern. 26. Apparatus according to Claim 24, wherein said liquid passage includes an inlet communicating with liquid which has passed through said upright screen. 27. Apparatus according to Claim 23 further including a toilet, a discharge of said toilet communicating with said grinder means, and a water supply tank of said toilet communicating with said disinfecting compartment. 28. Apparatus according to Claim 23, wherein said porous sheet is arranged in an annular pattern and is surrounded by pre-treated liquid, said sonic means in said intensive treatment compartment being arranged to induce an annular circulation of such pre-treated liquid around said sheet.

Inventors: JARRELL DONALD
Applicants: CARPENTER RICHARD H, JARRELL DONALD, LOGAN JOHN G
Application year: 1981
Main classification: C02F1
IPC codes: C02F1, C02F3