ANCHORING SYSTEM FOR USE IN THE BUILDING OF AN OVEN

Abstract: An anchoring system for the building up of an oven with a fireproof wall (26-32) is characterized by anchoring elements (34-36) of a moulded material which can withstand a high temperature, and which are let into or form an integral part of the wall. It is hereby possible to achieve a large temperature drop out through the anchoring elements, which can then be slidingly secured in the plane of the wall in the outer wall.

Description: ANCHORING SYSTEM FOR USE IN THE 3UILDING OP AN OVEN . The present invention relates to an anchoring system for use in the building of an oven, said system con¬ sisting of an inner construction built up of fireproof wall elements, and an outer housing which is support- ingly connected with the fireproof wall elements by means of evenly distributed, transverse anchoring el¬ ements, thus allowing the space there between to be filled with insulating material. In the building of an oven it has been normal practice to build in anchor bolts which support the fireproof wall in relation to the outer housing of the oven. Such anchor bolts have been made of steel and iron, and since steel or iron can only withstand te pera- tures which are lower than that of the fireproof wall, there has existed a risk of said bolts melting down, hereby reducing the lifetime of the wall. Moreover, in the renewal of the wall, it has also often been neces¬ sary to replace the anchor bolts which are secured to the housing by means of eyes. Such a replacement opera¬ tion is naturally costly and time-consuming. The German publication No. 21 15 817 describes a con¬ struction wherein attempts have been made to remedy these disadvantages by using anchor bolts or elements which are enclosed between two wall elements, more pre¬ cisely in the joint surface between two wall elements, thus making it possible to replace the fireproof wall without the necessity of changing the anchor bolts. It can be presumed, however, that this construction demands a thick fireproof wall to avoid smelting of - the anchor bolts . The object of the present invention is to relieve these disadvantages, i.e., by providing an anchor sys- tern which can withstand high temperatures, and which - has a longer lifetime and is easier to replace and assemble. The anchoring system according to the present inven- tion is characterized by the anchoring elements being made of moulded material, by the anchoring elements being an integral part of the fireproof wall elements or locked together with same, and that in the side of the anchoring elements facing towards the housing there is moulded a second anchoring element, for example of metal, and also by this second anchoring element being connected with an anchor element which allows displace¬ ment of the anchoring element in all directions in a plane parallel with the side wall or top wall of the housing. This provides a very elegant construction in relation to the known constructions, because a large part of the temperature drop now takes place through the anch- oring elements, with no risk whatsoever of smelting those parts which are made of metal. With this constru¬ ction it has thus proved possible to use a fireproof wall which is thinner than those hitherto known, here¬ by showing a saving in materials. Moreover, it is very easily possible to install and renew the fireproof wall in the oven itself, and under renewal it is also possi¬ ble to re-use a part of the anchoring system. If the wall elements are of .the kind which are arrang- ed to enclose the anchoring elements, the system can be characterized by the anchoring element being arranged for building-in together with two wall elements, at the surface where these adjoin each other. In the preferred embodiment for this construction, the individual anchoring element is in the form of a cir¬ cular cylindrical or cone-shaped pivot part having a round, outwardly extending edge at the building-in end. In accordance with the invention, the fitting be- tween the anchoring elements and the wall elements can be made with large tolerances, thus allowing the axes of the anchoring elements to tilt a certain amount in all directions, and possibly a movement in the direc¬ tion of the axis, but in this case the construction itself is on the whole quite homogeneous, so that a uniform distribution of temperature is achieved, and thus an even drop in temperature in the direction away from the heat source. The construction achieved is thus advantageous in all respects and is capable of withstanding strong influences. If the wall element is of the kind which is formed as an integral part of the anchoring element, the system can be characterized by the wall element itself being in the form of a brick, i.e., having five rectangular surfaces, some of which can be quadratic, and a sixth surface which is similarly mainly rectangular, but from the middle of which the anchoring element extends at right angles, so that the axis of the anchoring el- ement runs through the actual wall element. There is thus achieved an embodiment which will be particularly suitable for the ceiling construction. It is obvious that replacement of the ceiling elements will necessitate replacement of the associated anchor¬ ing elements, but since the connection to the firm anchor elements allows displacement of the anchoring elements in all directions in a plane parallel with the ceiling wall, it is a simple matter to secure the ceiling elements in a suspended manner by insertion from the side. BADORIGINAL If the system is of the kind wherein the wall elements are provided with tongue-and-groove connections at the surfaces which adjoin each other, the system can be characterized in that those surfaces on the wall ele.- ment which are arranged to engage with an anchoring element lie outside the tongue-and-groove connections, seen at right angles to the oven wall, so that the tongue-and-groove connections remain uninterrupted. A further improvement of the uniform temperature dis- tribution is thus achieved, hereby ensuring an even drop in temperature outwards from the heat source. Finally, the system in accordance with the invention can be characterized by consisting of a dense, alkali -resistant, slag-repulsing moulded material. » Embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, i .which: Fig. 1 shows a wall element for use in the system, seen from that side which faces outwards towards the housing. Fig. 2 shows the element seen from the side at a right-angled projection in relation to fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows a section along line III-III in fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows an anchoring element for use with the system according to the invention, seen .. from the side and with associated fittings. Fig. 5 is a section along line V-V in fig. , 4, showing the fitting from the front. Fig. 6 shows a washer belonging to the fitting. Fig. 7 illustrates the building together of two wall elements in accordance with fig. 1, and an anchoring element in accordance with fig. 4, the first-mentioned being shown in cross section and the latter only in part. Fig. 8 shows a wall element of a second embodiment, formed as an integral part of the anchoring element, intended for suspension from a ceiling and seen from the side. Fig. 9 shows this element seen from below, and Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of part of the cross section of an oven built with the el- ements shown. Reference is now made to figs. 1, 2 and 3, in which corresponding parts have the same reference numbers. A wall element 1 is formed mainly as a right-angled parallelepipedon, the largest surface of which is quadratic. In the rectangular side surfaces, grooves 2 and 3 are provided in two adjacent sides, and cor¬ responding tongues 4 and 5 in the remainder. In the one quadratic surface there are also formed two semi -circular recesses 6 and 7, these lying symmetrically around two central planes. These recesses β and 7 are formed with undercut parts 8 and 9 Fig. 4 shows a mainly cylindrical anchoring element 10 with a diameter corresponding to the smallest dia¬ meter of the two semi-circular recesses 6 and 7. The one end of the anchoring element is provided with a circular, projecting part 11, this part having a form arranged to fit together with the undercut parts 8 and 9. At the other. ' end of the anchoring element 10 and in its centre, there is moulded in an anchoring or coupling part in the form of a nut 12, this being ar¬ ranged for threaded connection with a bolt 13 which is secured in a fitting or anchor element 14, said fit--. ting 14 being mounted on a housing 15. The bolt 13 is pivotable to quite a wide extent within the fitting 14, in that the bolt head 16 and a rectangular locking washer 17 shown in fig. 6 is inserted into the fitting 14 from the side, as shown in fig. 5. Moreover, a sideways movement of the bolt 13 can similarly be ta¬ ken up, in the one direction by a slot 18 in the lock¬ ing washer 17, and in the other ' direction by the fit¬ ting 14 itself, because the locking washer 17 is arr¬ anged for insertion in this right angle in the direc- ' .. tion of the slot 18. It is herewith possible when the wall is being built to arrange these tolerances in such a way that the actual thermal expansions can. be accommodated. Reference is now ' made to fig. 7, which shows how the parts described above combine in the building of a ver¬ tical wall, in that two wall elements 19 and 20, as shown in fig. 1, are built together around the end of a anchoring element 21, as shown in fig. 4. Here, only a small part of the wall is shown, in that a large num¬ ber of bricks and a corresponding number of anchoring elements as shown in fig. 4 are used in the building of a complete wall. Known insulation material will be packed between the wall and the housing. With this con- struction, the anchoring elements 21 will be securely anchored between the wall elements in the walled con¬ struction, but it will still be possible to separate said elements 21 when the wall elements need to be re¬ newed, it is hereby possible to re-use most of the an- choring elements 21. If this is not possible where in- dividual elements are concerned, it is a simple matter to dismantle the defect parts by rotating them around their longitudinal axes, after which a new part can be screwed on. When mounting a new anchoring element or during the first construction of the wall as a whole, it is important that by appropriate rotation of the in¬ dividual anchoring elements the exact distance from the housing is reached, thus allowing the circular part 11 to fit precisely down into the corresponding semi -circular recesses 6, the position of which will have been determined beforehand during the building. Figs. 8 and 9 show a wall element for use in the ceil¬ ing of the oven. With the embodiments described above, it is a condition for the interlock between wall elem¬ ent and anchoring element that gravitational pull is in the direction of the wall. With the ceiling const- - ruction, this naturally cannot be achieved, and -the wall element 23 is therefore formed as an integral part of the anchoring element 24. The remaining parts are the same, and the same reference numbers are used except that in fig. 8 the wall 15 is a ceiling. With this con¬ struction it is thus not possible to regulate the pos¬ ition of the anchoring element or the wall by rotating the anchoring element, because the wall element is rectangular and as such demands one certain position. On the other hand, the fitting 14 - when it is turned over into the vertical position, i.e., mounted on a horizontal ceiling - now presents the lost possibility of regulation. It is now namely possible to let the wall element hang in many different positions in the fitting, by virtue of the movement at right angles to the axis as described in connection with figs. 4 and 5. When mounting the wall element 23 in fig. 8, one will thus choose to make the height adjustment with the axis BAPORIGINAL UR " E4 A displaced to B, which means that the tongues 24 will not yet be engaged with the adjacent grooves, and that the bolt head 16 will be easily accessible for adjust¬ ment in the side of the fitting 14. It is obvious that one will make a corresponding provisional displacement of the wall element in a direction at right angles to the plane of the paper. The wall element can then be moved into place after the correct height adjustment has been carried out. Fig. 10 shows a part of the cross section of an oven built with elements in.accordance with the invention. The oven comprises a housing or casing! 25 which can consist of a covering of steel plate, but which under all circumstances constitutes a supporting part of the construction', plus an inner wall consisting partly of side wall elements 26, 27, 28 and 29, and partly of ceiling elements 30, 31 and 32. For the sake of .con¬ venience, these elements are not shown in their nor- mal proportions, in that normally .there will be a greater number than shown. Corner elements 33, shown here with a quadratic section, are inserted at the joints between the side wall and the ceiling. There is nothing, however, which prevents the side wall ele- ments from also forming a part of the side wall and/ or a part of the ceiling wall, i.e., to project into these, when the two main types of elements are sup¬ plied in standard measurements. One could then, by ad¬ justment of the present invention to suit existing ov- ens, get the measurements to match by supplying corner elements with special dimensions. In the bottom of the oven there is a grid 37 and a fireproof base 38. The ceiling element 30 is moreover formed and suspend- ed in the housing 25 as shown in fig. 8, and the side ; wall elements 26-29 are coupled together with the an¬ choring elements 34, 35 and 36 as shown in fig. 7. The fastening of these anchoring elements 34, 35 and 36 to the housing is mainly as shown in the corresponding construction in fig. 8. Here it is essential that the connection is a hinge which allows the axesiof .the_an- choring-elements 34, 35 and 36 to. tilt in relation to the wall 25 of the housing. In like manner, it is im¬ portant that the fit between anchoring elements 34, 35 and 36 and the actual wall elements 26-29 shows such large tolerances that the axis of an anchoring .element can tilt in all directions in relation to the plane of the wall elements, i.e., the plane of the wall. What is thus achieved is that thermal expansions and con- tractions are accommodated to a very essential degree, and that cracks in the construction are avoided to a greater extent, the result being' a longer lifetime. Another important factor similarly contributing here¬ to, is that the wall elements, are well interlocked by the tongue-and-groove connections, in that these lie close to the inner surface and are uninterrupted. The space between the wall elements and the housing is filled with insulating material, which is not shown. As already mentioned, with the construction in accord¬ ance with the present invention it is possible to ach¬ ieve extended lifetime. This is not achieved at the cost of anything else. On the contrary, it is possible with this construction to reduce the wall thickness, and this leads to further advantages. Firstly, the cost of materials is thus considerably reduced, and sec¬ ondly there is more space available for insulation mat¬ erial, which in turn reduces operational costs. This is particularly valid when, for example, old ovens are provided with new inner walls in accordance with the BADORIGINAL i.0. invention . It will be obvious that the invention is not limited to the use in ovens as shown in fig. 10. It is also able to be used in connection with ovens of other types. The elements which connect the inner oven wall with the outer-lying housing or the surrounding supporting casing are called anchoring elements, in that here is envisaged the pure static effect of these elements, which as side wall elements could rather be designated as locking elements, while the ceiling elements could be designated as suspension parts. The invention finds application, for example, in con- nection with anchoring elements vhich can be made of alkali-resistant, slag-repulsing, dense moulded mater¬ ial, for example the applicant's products, which are sold under the designations D39A, D42A and D52A, but other materials capable of being moulded are by no means excluded from use in connection with the inven¬ tion. ■ * ■ ' BAD ORIGINAL i

Claims: C L A I M S 1. Anchoring system for use in the building of an oven, comprising an inner construction built of fire¬ proof wall elements (1, 19, 20, 23, 26-32) , an outer housing (25) which is supportingly connected-with said fireproof wall elements, the space between said inner construction and said outer housing capable of being filled with insulation material, said construction of fireproof wall elements being connected with said housing by means of uniformly distributed, transverse anchoring elements (10, 21, 24, 34-36), c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by the anchoring elements (10, 21, 24, 34-36) being made of a moulded material, by the anch¬ oring elements forming an integral part of the fire¬ proof wall elements or being interlocked with same, by a second anchoring element (13) , for example of metal, being ' moulded into that side of the anchoring elements (10, 21, 24, 34-36) which faces towards the housing (25), and by this.second anchoring element (13) being connected with an anchor element (14) which allows displacement of the anchoring element in all directions in a plane parallel with the side wall or ceiling wall of the housing (25) . 2. System according to claim 1, wherein the f-ire- proof wall elements (1. 19, 20, 23, 26-32) are arran¬ ged to surround the anchoring elements (10, 21, 24, 34-36) / .c h a r a c t e r i z e d by the anchoring el¬ ements (21) being arranged to be built up together with two wall elements (19, 20) , at that surface at which said elements adjoin each other. 3. System according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d by an anchoring element (10) having a part BADO jGINAJ (11) which projects outwardly at right angles to its axis, provided at that end of the anchoring element (10) which extends inwards towards the oven, and by the wall elements (1, 19, 20, 23, 26-29) being formed with corresponding recesses (8, 9) . 4. System according to claims 2 or 3, c h a r a c t¬ e r i z e d by the anchoring elements (10, 21, 34-36) being capable of rotation. 10 5. System according to claims 3 and 4, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that an anchoring .element is mainly circular-cylindrical or cone-shaped, and that the inner end intended for being built in is provided with a cir- 15 cular, outwardly projecting edge (11) . 6. System according to claims 2, 3, 4 or 5, c h a r ¬ a c t e r i z e d in that the fit between the anchor¬ ing element .(10, 21, 34-36) and the wall element (1, 20 19, 20, 23, 26-29) is provided with large tolerances which, for example, allows the axis of the anchoring element to tilt in all directions and a possible move¬ ment in the direction of the axis. 25 7. System according to claim 1, wherein the wall el¬ ements (23, 30-32) form an integral part of the anch¬ oring elements (24), c h a r a c t e r i z e d by the actual wall element being in the form of a brick, i.e., having five rectangular surfaces, some of which can be 30 quadratic, and a sixth surface which is similarly main¬ ly rectangular but having an anchoring element extend¬ ing at right angles from its centre, so that the axis of the anchoring element runs through the middle of the actual wall element (fig. 8) . 35 i-- BAD ORIGINAL 8. System according to one or more of the foregoing claims, and wherein the wall elements are provided with tongue-and-groove connections at those surfaces which adjoin each other, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that those surfaces on a wall element which are arran¬ ged to engage vζith an anchoring element lie outside the tongue-and-groove connections, seen at right an¬ gles to the oven wall, so that the tongue-and-groove connections remain uninterrupted. 9. System according to one or more of the foregoing claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e- d in that it consists of a dense, alkali-resistant, slag-repulsing moulded material . BAD ORIGINAL

Inventors: ANDREASSEN V
Applicants: ANDREASSEN V, HASLE KLINKER & CHAMOTT, HASLE KLINKER & CHAMOTTESTENSFAB AS
Application year: 1981
Main classification: F27D1
IPC codes: F27D1