CLOSURE

Abstract: Closure (10) for fitment to the threaded neck (8) of a container. The closure is especially adapted for use in packaging products such as carbonated beverages. The closure has a circular top wall (12) and an annular skirt (14) downwardly depending therefrom. The skirt carries about its inside surface a closure thread (16) for cooperation with the neck thread (26) of the container. A circular, flexible, resilient liner (18) is positioned against but rotatable with respect to the inside surface of the top wall and has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the container lip (15) which defines the container mouth. There is provided an annular projection (20) which is located adjacent the inside intersection of the top wall and the skirt. This projection has a configuration whereby it presses the liner on the outside edge of the container lip to form a gas-tight seal when the closure is fitted onto the container.

Description: CLOSURE For many years it has been general practice to utilize bottles which are sealed by means ' of the so-called crown closure to package products which effect a positive pressure in the bottles. Exemplary of such products are carbonated beverages such as beer. The crown closure is commonly made of tinplate and its fluted skirt is .engaged under a peripheral rib which extends around the neck of .the bottle in close proximity to its mouth. The crown closure suffers from two defects, namely, it requires a special tool to remove it from the. bottle and it cannot be used to reclose the bottle. In recent years non-returnable bottles have come into more general use and these have been adopted for some carbonated beverages. When non-returnable bottles are adopted, it is practicable to adopt the most convenient form of closure consistent with economy in price. The most widely employed form of non- returnable bottle system for carbonated beverages has employ¬ ed a bottle with an externally screw-threaded neck, having a cylindrical sealing surface between the top " of the bottle and the start of the thread. With this bottle there has been employed a closure in the form of an aluminum shell having a gasket covering the inner surface of the top of the shell which forms a sealing liner. The diameter of the skirt of the closure shell is sufficiently large to fit over the thread on the bottle neck at the maximum size allowed by the range of tolerances set out in the specifica¬ tion of the neck finish of the bottle. The skirt of this shell is deformed by a thread-rolling operation carried out in known way to bring it into engagement with the thread on - -- -2- he bottle neck. While such aluminum closures have received wide acceptance, there is an economic problem due to the high cost of aluminum. Aluminum's high cost is directly "" pro- portional to the ever rising high cost of energy as aluminum production is energy intensive. A highly promising alternative to the use of aluminum closures is the use of closures made of thermoplasti material. Such materials are becoming more and more eco- nomically favorable when compared to aluminum. Exemplary of such closures is the one shown in U.S. 3,067,900. • As desirable as it may be to use thermoplastic material, there is one serious drawback, i.e., the tendency of thermoplastic closures to lose their seal as positive pressure builds in th bottle. Since the seal is made by the closure making sealing contact with the bottle, the loss of seal is generally due to the closure flexing, as the pressure builds, resulting in the closure structure being distorted and pulled away from the bottle. To prevent flexing, it is possible to select a very rigid thermoplastic material. However, the seal sought to be obtained when using such materials is not always initially achieved as the rigidity of the material will not allow the sealing configuration to follow structural variations which are commonly present on the bottles. Also such rigid materials are often very expensive. Less expen¬ sive materials could be used if the flexing portion of the closure was made thicker to achieve the rigidity sought. But as is obvious, the cost of such a thicker closure rises in direct proportion to the amount of material used and renders such closures commerically unacceptable. With the economic realities in mind, it would be highly desirable to redesign the thinner commercial closures used today so that the flexing phenomena will not cause loss of seal but rather will be utilized to increase the fidelity of seal as internal container pressures build. Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide an inexpensive thermoplastic closure which is capable O.-.FI (?_ • - • - of maintaining a seal in -response to a positive pressure in a container such as a bottle. This invention relates to a thermoplastic closure for fitment to a container having a threaded neck terminatin „ 5 in " an open mouth. The closure has a circular top wall and a annular downwardly depending skirt, the skirt having about its inside surface a closure thread for cooperation with the neck thread to achieve the fitment desired. There is positioned adjacent the top wall a circular flexible resilie 10 liner wnich has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the container mouth. There is also provided annular structure which is located adjacent the inside intersection of the top wall and the skirt. This annular structure has a configuration such that it presses the liner around the 15 outside edge of the container mouth to form a gas-tight seal when the closure is fitted onto the container. Preferably there is additionally provided a retaining ring about the inside surface of the skirt which is positioned below the annular structure but above the closu 20 thread. This retaining ring prevents the liner from moving down to the closure thread. Thus, if the liner should fall away from the top wall the retaining ring will prevent it from being separated from the remainder of the closure. To aid in maintenance of the position of the liner 25 in its sealing position with respect to the container there is preferably additionally provided an annular tab which pro jects downward from the top wall. This tab will engage the liner and prevent any lateral movement thereof. It is believed, but the closure of this invention 30 is not restricted to this theory, that by having the liner wrapped around the outside edge of the container lip a gas-tight seal is maintained even upon upward flexure of the top wall which flexure is caused by positive pressure build-up in the container. When the closure is originally 35 fitted to the container there are two principal sealing areas, i.e., there is a seal formed between the liner and the top of the container lip and a second seal formed between -4- ' *"' the outside edge of the lip and the liner. When the-closure top wall begins to flex upwardly in response to positive pressure in the container the first seal between the liner and the top of the container lip is compromised as -the liner is no longer as well supported due to upward flex of the top wall. However, due to the unique configuration of the closure of this invention, the upward flexing of .the top wall increases the fidelity of the second seal as that por¬ tion of the liner which is wrapped around the outside edge of the container lip is pressed into a tighter relationship with the outside edge. This is due to the fact that.the flexing of the top wall causes the upper portion of the container sidewall to be pulled inwardly. As the sidewall upper portion is pulled inwardly the annular structure presses more firmly against the liner thereby increasing the fidelity of the seal. Thus, the closure of this inven¬ tion utilizes the heretofore undesirable flexing of the top wall to increase the fidelity of the seal. This is directly opposite to present-day closures in which the upward flexing of the top wall results in a reduction in seal fidelity. There are different configurations which the annular structure can have to achieve the above-mentioned seal between the liner and the outside edge of the container lip. For example, the annular structure can have a con¬ figuration, when viewed in cross-section, which has a horizontal portion, a vertical portion, and a convex por¬ tion, the convex portion connecting the horizontal portion and the vertical portion one to the other. When utilizing this configuration, there is a concentration of sealing pressure at a point near the center of the convex portion. Another configuration is one in which the annular structure is a convex bead. By utilizing a convex- bead the pressure exerted by the annular structure is distributed over a * wider area of the liner than is the case with the just- described annular structure having the horizontal, vertical and convex portions. Another annular structure which can OM " * ~ : — ~ be utilized is one in which the structure is a concave groov having a radius at least equal to the radius of the convex outside edge of the lip. There are other configurations which may be utiliz the-only requirement being that the liner be pressed into a position around the outside edge of the lip and that the configuration results in an increasing of pressure between the liner and the outside edge of the lip as the top of the closure flexes upward in response to positive pressure in the container. In a preferred embodiment, the closure of this invention utilizes a liner which is free to rotate with respect to the closure. This freedom to rotate results in the liner being able to achieve essentially a single position on the container lip even though the closure con¬ tinues to rotate as it is tightened to the container. If the liner was fixed to the closure, the opposite effect would occur as the liner would have to rotate along with the closure as it is tightened to the container. Liner rotation with respect to the container lip results in the liner being rubbed over the lip surface as it rotates with the closure*. Such liner-lip rubbing is disadvantageous as each irregularity in the container lip will cause its particular liner deformation and such deformations will, when the closure reaches its final tightened position, almost always not coincide with particular lip irregularity which caused the liner deformation. The.result of this non-coincidence is deleterious to seal fidelity as the contacting liner-lip sealing surfaces are not in as intimate contact as would be possible if the liner deformation matched the lip ir¬ regularity which caused it. On the other hand, when the liner is free to rotate with respect to the closure and is not forced to rotate about the container lip, the liner is simply pressed downwardly onto the container lip and each liner deformation caused by a particular lip irregularity will coincide with the irregularity. With matching of the liner deformations to the lip irregularities a highly AD ORIGINA • J ' .E-A intimate contact is made and seal fidelity is preserved._ Achievement of the non-rotation of the liner with respect to the container lip is a result of the liner freedom vis¬ a-vis the rest of the closure and the friction between the liner and lip being greater than the friction between the closure and the liner. This difference in friction can be attributed to a higher coefficient of friction for the liner-lip contact than for the liner-closure contact and/or a more irregular lip surface than the closure surface contacted by the liner. The liner utilized should also be flexible and resilient. Furthermore, since the closure of this inven¬ tion is to be utilized on either glass or plastic containers, the liner should be made of a material which is compatible with the container to which the closure is attached. For example, liners made of materials which stick to the containe lip should be avoided as unscrewing the closure from the container will be difficult and, even if achieved, could result in tearing of the liner. It has been found that liners made of an ethylene vinyl acetate σopolymer gives superior results on both, glass and plastic containers. Further, such liners are acceptable from a toxicological and odor standpoint when the container is utilized to hold consumable products such as carbonated beverages, beer, etc. If the container is to hold a non-consumable, other materials may be utilized such as polyvinyl chloride. To help reduce the torque required to remove the closure from the container it may be desirable, when the liner is of a thermoplastic material, to add an additive which will increase the liner's lubricity characteristics. A slip additive such as synthetic wax or fatty amide have been found very useful for this purpose. The remainder of the closure " can be made of any oldable thermoplastic material which will provide the prior-described characteristics for the top wall of the closure. However, the thermoplastic material should not be so flexible that, under building positive container pres- sure, the sidewall of the.closure will flex outwardly result ing in the closure threads jumping over the container thread It has been found that a highly preferred thermoplastic material is polypropylene. Other thermoplastic materials which may be useful are polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Other materials which would be useful are well known to those skilled in the art given the preceding identified criteria. These and other features contributing to satis- faction in use and economy in manufacture will be more fully understood when taken in connection with the following- description of preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings in which identical numerals refer to the identical parts and in which: Figure 1 is a partial sectional view showing a closure of this invention fitted to a container neck; Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the closure shown in Figure 1 under the influence of a positive pressure in the container; Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the container and closure shown in Figure 2; Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along section lines 4-4 in Figure 1; Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along section lines 5-5 in Figure 2; Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view showing a second embodiment of this invention; and Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view showing a third embodiment of this invention. Referring now to Figures 1-4, it can be seen that a closure, generally designated by the numeral 10, is fitted to a container neck, generally designated by the numeral 8. Container neck 8 has about its outside " surface adjacent its upper end helical thread 26. At the terminal end of container neck 8 there is a mouth through which the container contents are dispensed. Lip 15 defines the boundaries of the container mouth. As mentioned previously, the container BAD ORIGINAL " OMp r with which closure 10 is utilized can " be made of any -suitable material, e.g., glass or a thermoplastic material such a ~ s polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. -' * " - Closure 10 has an annular top wall 12 with a sidewall 14 downwardly depending therefrom. About the inside surface of sidewall 14 there is provided helical closure thread 16 which is of a design whereby it cooperates with container helical thread 26 to achieve fitment of closure 10 to the container. In close proximity to top wall 20-there is provided liner 18. Liner 18 has a diameter greater than the outside diameter of container neck 8 measured at the container mouth. By having a greater diameter, line 18 will be able to extend around the outside edge 28 of lip 15 to effect the seal of this invention ' . Liner 18 is prevented from moving away from top wall 12 . by means of annular ring 24. Annular ring 24 may be continuous or discontinuous. Attention is drawn to Figure 5 in which a discontinuous annular retaining ring 24 is shown. Projecting downwardly from top wall 12 there is provided annular tab 22. Annular tab 22 has a triangular ' shape when viewed in cross-section. See Figures 3, 6 and 7. As mentioned previously, annular tab 22 is utilized to insure that liner 18 does not move laterally during the buildup of internal container pressure. Note that annular tab 22 is positioned so that it is over lip 15. By having annular tab 22 so positioned, it is assured that annular tab 22 will obtain a grip on liner 18 by penetration. Located adjacent the inside intersection of top wall 12 and downwardly depending sidewall 14 there is provided annular bead 20. An enlarged view of the cross-section of annular bead 20 is shown in Figure 3. As can be seen in this configuration, annular-bead- 20 has a horizontal portion 21 and a vertical portion 23. Convex portion 25 connects horizontal portion 21 to vertical portion 23. Convex portion 25 is preferably opposite the outside edge 23 of lip 15. In Figures 6 and 7, there is shown other configura- CMH tions which may be utilized in place of annular bead-20. In Figure 6, annular bead 40 is used in place of annular bead 20. Annular bead 40 has, for all practical purposes, no horizontal or vertical portions, but rather is -simply a convex bead. Another configuration is shown in Figure 7 in which the bead present's a concave profile when viewed in cross-section. This concave bead is labeled 42 and is shown in Figure 7. When utilizing concave bead 42 it is preferable that the outside edge 28 of lip 15 be convex so that liner 18 is nested between concave bead 42 and outside edge 28. Figures 3, 6 and 7 show that the annular beads pres against liner 18 to cause it to wrap around outside edge 28 of lip 15. When top wall 12 is flexed upwards due to pressure in the container the intersection of top wall 12 and sidewall 14 is brought inwardly towards outside edge 28. As a result of this movement, the annular bead, since it is integral with the intersection, will also move inwardly towards outside edge 28. Thus, liner 18 is pressed by the annular bead so that it wraps around outside edge 28. The greater the flexure of top wall 12 the greater the inward movement of the before-mentioned intersection ' and the annular bead, and the further the annular bead is forced to move inwardly the greater the pressure it exerts on liner 18. It can therefore be seen that the seal between liner 18 and outside edge 28 is increased as the pressure grows since the top wall flexes in response to the amount of pressure present. BAD ORIGINAL OMPI y _ -_ VWIIPPOO

Claims: -IΌ- c L A :: M s - - - 1. A thermoplastic closure for fitment to a container having a threaded neck terminating in a lip which defines an open mouth, said closure comprising: a. a circular top wall; b. an annular skirt downwardly depending from said top wall, said skirt.having about its inside surface a closur thread for cooperation with said neck thread to achieve said fitment; c. a circular, flexible resilient liner positioned adjacent said top wall and having a diameter greater " than the outside diameter of said lip; and d. annular means located adjacent the inside inter section of said top wall and said skirt, said annular means having a configuration whereby said annular means presses said liner around the outside- edge of said lip to form a gas- tight seal when said closure is fitted on said container. 2. The closure of claim 1, wherein said annular means is an annular bead having a con iguration, when viewed in cross-section, which has a horizontal portion, a vertical portion and a convex portion, said convex portion connecting said horizontal portion and said vertical portion one to the other. 3. The closure of claim 1, wherein said annular means is a convex bead. 4. The closure of claim 1, wherein said outside edge of said lip is convex and wherein said annular means is a concave groove. 5. The closure of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein said closure additionally has a retaining means about the inside surface of said skirt downwardly positioned below said annular means but above said closure thread for preventing said liner from moving down to said closure thread. 6. The closure of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein said closure additionally has an annular tab downwardly projecting from said top wall for engaging said liner to prevent said liner from pulling away from its seal position. " - " 7. The closure of " claims 1, 2 , 3, or 4, wherein -said closure is made of polypropylene. 8. The closure of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein said liner is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. 9. The closure of claims 1, 2 , 3, or 4, wherein said closure additionally has a retaining means about the inside surface of said skirt downwardly positioned below said annul means but above said closure thread for preventing said line from moving down to said closure thread and said closure additionally has an annular tab downwardly projecting from said top wall for engaging said liner to prevent said liner from pulling away from its seal position. 10. The closure of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein said closure is made of polypropylene and said liner is an ethyle vinyl acetate copolymer.

Inventors: LUENSER WERNER R, OSTROWSKY EFREM M
Applicants: ETHYL PROD, ETHYL PROD CO
Application year: 1981
Main classification: B65D41
IPC codes: B65D41