METHOD OF DETERMINING THE MEAN MOISTURE RATIO OF DRYING TIMBER

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of determining the moisture ratio of timber during the drying of the timber. At a normal drying process, which may be said to comprise a heating, a pre-drying, an after-drying, a cooling and a condi­ tioning phase, the possibilities of calculating a correct value of the absolute moisture ratio are minimum. For determining the moisture ratio in timber during its drying it is proposed according to the invention, that the drying climate established for normal drying is disturbed during a certain period and the temperature progresses are recorded both during and after the disturbance, and the recorded values are processed in a calculation unit after a predetermined mathematic pattern.

Description: Method of determining the moistune ration of drying timber This invention relates to a method of determining the moistune ratio of timber while the timber is in the drying process. One prerequisite for being able to correctly control the drying of timber is to know the absolute moisture ratio of the timber. Heretofore, however, great difficulties were involved for obtaining this knowledge. At a normal drying process comprising the phases of heating, pre-drying, after-drying, cooling and conditioning, the possibilities of obtaining a correct value of the absolute moisture ratio are minimum. The reason of this is that the drying' must proceed very carefully in order not to damage the timber, for" example by water too rapidly evaporating from the timber which unavoidably would result in crack formation. A further reason is that the evaporation from moist timber depends on several more factors than on the moist- ure ratio of' the timber. ., f The moisture ratio in timber, as known, varies in response to the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, due to the fact, that moisture is permitted to evaporate from the timber until the drying air is not capable any longer to absorb additional water and to emit heat. This capacity of the drying air ceases when the moisture ratio of the timber has achieved a break-even point corresponding to the temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, i.e. hygroscopic equilibrium. The water amount evaporating from the timber as known can be determined by measuring, for example, the dry and the wet temperature in the air surrounding the timber at its drying, i. e. in the drying air ,or drying climate, whereby also a value of the change per time unit of the moisture ratio of the timber is obtained. On these known conditions the inethod; 'according to the invention for determining the moisture ratio of timber during its drying is besaed. The method according to -the invention is charaeterized in that during the drying process the moisture climate is disturbed for a limited period one or several times, so that it is changed drastically, and that the temperature progresses in the drying climate are corded both during and after the resp active disturbance, whereafter the values thus recorded are processed in a calculation unit, for example a minicomputer, after a predetermined mathematic pattern for obtaining the moisture ratio of the timber at the occasion of the disturbance. A disturbance introduced into or generated in the drying climate according to the invention may have the form of a substantilal increase and/or decrease of the temperature of the drying climate, a sudden change of the ventilation cycle and/or of the drying air rate, a rapid change of the relative humidity, for example by supply of water, so-called steaming, or a combination of two or more of these forms. The disturbance, for example, may be a combination of rapid cooling and directly subsequent rapid heating while simultaneously the ventilation (amount of spent drying air ventilated per time unit) and the air rate are changed. During the disturbance of the drying climate as well as after the same, the temperature progress for both the wet and the dry temperature in the drying air is recorded, and the values thus record then are processed, for example in a minicomputer after a predetermined mathematic pattern. This pattern includes one part concerning the generation of the disturbance and one evaluation part. For the evaluation, the time progress both for the disturbance and the response is observed, whereby a.o. the following variables are followed: absolute moisture content in the drying air - temDerature drop through the timber charge in one or more places - dry and wet temperature - air rate through the timber charge - possibly supplied and removed energy. For achieving an excellent result of the drying of timber,at least the mean ingoing moisture ratio, i.e. the moisture ratio of the timber after the heating phase of the drying process, and the mean moisture ratio after the cooling phase of the drying process must be known- for being able to control at optimum the drying process. As regs'us the determination of the mean ingoing moisture ratio, the disturbance must be commenced first after possible natural reactions during the first phase of the-heating have decayed, which were ceused, for example, because the timber was frozen and/or covered with snow or because of-non-uniform condensation, and after the drying climate 'stabilized about a certain psychometer difference. First there'after, thus, the disturbance may be commenced for generating nedessary values for calculating the ingoing moisture ratio of the timber. The determination of the mean final moisture ratio according to the invention is to be carried out in connection with the transition to the conditioning phase of the drying process, which transition per se implies a substantial disturbance of the drying climate. In said lastmentioned phase of the drying process the timber can be subjected to relatively careless treatment without damage being caused thereon, but on-the other hand the timber reacts very slowly on a changed climate during said phase. By introducing a disturbance into The-drying clae, according to the principles on which the present invention is based, this disturbance is added to the one which automatically arises at the transition to the conditioning phase. Said introduced disturbance may be one of the aforesaid formes, a combination thereof or a substantial increase of the-psychometer difference for several forms before the wet temperature-is increased rapidly, for example by controlled steaming. As regards the mathematic Datterns for calculating the ingo ing and, respectively, final moisture ratio, they have different forms, but the controlled disturhance and the evaluation of the process response are the same in both cases, and also for the determination of the moisture ratio in the second phase of the drying process. The principle, on which the present invention is based, can be utilized for different driers and for different was of con trolling the drying process and, in principle, during each -phase of the drying process. The present invention is not restricted to what is set forth above, but can be changed and modified in many different ways within the scope of the invention idea defined in the attached claims.

Claims: Claims 1. A method of determining the moisture ratio of timber at and.during its drying, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the drying climate established for normal drying is d-ist- urbed during a certain limited period, and that the temperature progresses both during and after the disturbance are recorded, and the values thus recoded are processed in a calculation unit after a predetermined mathematic pattern. 2. A method as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the disturbance of the climate is effected by subst antial increase and/or decrease of the temperature of the drying climate, change of the ventilation, air rate and/or Psychrometer difference, and/or steaming. 3. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 for determining the ingoing moisture ratio. of the timber, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the disturbance of the drying climate is commenced after possible natural reactions have decayed, which were caused, for example, by frozen timber, snow, nn-uniform condensation etc., and after the climate has stabilized about a certain psm ometer difference and to a substantially const ant evaporation rate. 4. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 for determining the final moisture ratio of the timber, c h a r a c t e r i z e d 3 n that the disturbance of the drying climate is commmenced at the transition to the conditioning phase of the drying proc ess. 5. A method as defined in claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the disturbance consists of an increase of the psychrometer difference during some hours before the wet temper ature is increased rapidly, for example by controlled steaming.

Inventors: BJORKMAN, ERIK, Björkman, Erik
Applicants: HB MEGARON
Application year: 1981
Main classification: G01N25
IPC codes: G01N33, G01N25