LIQUID FILTERING APPARATUS

Abstract: Apparatus for filtering a liquid through a movable filter bed consisting of granular material, with continuous scavenging of the bed material and having the characterizing functions as follows: The filtering takes place in that liquid from a central inlet (2) passes outward and upward through the filter bed. The filter bed in operation moves continuously downward, and the bed material is renewed continuously by supply to the upper portion (A) of the filter. The separation of impurities in the liquid takes place substantially in the central portion (C) of the filter and to a small extent in the portions (3) located closest to the outlet. The washing of polluted bed material takes place in several steps, the first one thereof by fluidization of the material in the lowermost portion (D) of the filter, and the last one with liquid and air in the upper portion (A) of the filter. Polluted bed material is drained in the lower portion of the filter together with transport liquid to a sand washing equipment located outside the filter, from which equipment transport liquid is returned to the lower portion (D) of the filter and washed material of the bed is transported to the upper portion (A) of the filter to be finally washed and distributed over the entire surface of the filter bed. In the apparatus liquid can be filtered, in which the permissible size of the impurities is limited only by the dimension of the inlet conduit. Owing to the function of the apparatus the risk is eliminated that outgoing filtered liquid is polluted by release of din from the filter bed or from bed material returning to the bed after washing.

Description: Liquid f ltering apparatus This invention-:relates to an apparatus for filtering a liquid through a movable filter bed consisting of granular material, which is scavenged continuously. A filtering technique actual in this connection mplies that a liquid containing solved and solid impurities is passed Through a bed of granular material, usually sand, whereby material suspended in the liquid is separated and remains in the bed. By special inserts also substances solved in the liquid-can be flocculated out prior to or in the filter and thereafter be separated therein. Filtering normally takes place in a stationary bed with vert¬ ically directed flow and, owing to the separation of impur¬ ities, with ever increasing filter resistance. After a cert¬ ain time the filtering operation is interrupted, and the bed is scavenged with liquid, in certain. cases with liquid and air. During the scavenging process relatively large amounts of water are consumed, which are recovered for being cleaned. The scavenging process further requires special installati¬ ons in τhe form of pumps, valves, pipes, automatic e uipmenτ etc., χo an extent which in relation to the installations required for filterin 'όg is considerable. In order to avoid interruption for scavenging and to reduce the extent of the scavenging equipment, a known technique • has been developed which applies a movable filter bed, the material of which is scavenged continuously and successively, and at 'which the scavenged material is returned to the mov¬ able bed. The polluted filter material is removed from the lower pprtion of the bed together with liquid ana is trans¬ ported by pumping to a washing plant, from which cleaned bed material is returned to the bed, and dirty scavenging liqui is " directed away to be cleaned. In a " known apparatus the filtering takes place with downwar flow, in the case of a circular bed with radial flow, in th bed to a vertical outlet screen.in direct contact 'with the filter material. The transport of polluted filter maτerial from the lower bed portion takes place 'with filtered liquid directly from the filter bed. The washing of the material i carried out with transport liquid and incoming unfiltered liquid. Due to the movements of the bed, " this method implie that the filter material closest to the outlet screen can contain impurities to such an amount, that the possibility of a certain discharge thereof together with outgoing liqui cannot be excluded. The openings in the outlet screen which in view of the grain size of the filter material are small, also imply the risk of clogging. In another known apparatus the filtering takes place wirh upward vertical flow in the bed to a liquid volume located above the bed surface, froim which volume cleaned liquid is drained through grooves in -the liquid surface. The transpor of polluted filter material is carried out in the same way as in the apparatus described above, but the washing of the material in this . case is carried out with transport liquid and outgoing filtered liquid. he washed bed material is returned to the bed through the filtered liquid volume -abov the bed surface. This implies the possibility that dirt is transferred to the outgoing liquid 'when the material washin is not satisfactory. The two methods described have in common, that the liquid required for material transport is drained from the system after having being used only once and together with added liquid. The applicability of the " apparatuses , therefore, is restricted for the reasons as ' follows . The transport of granular material in a liquid presupposes a flow rate in the liquid which is adjusted to the material. When a transport liquid is being used once, it is essential that its amount can be maintained in a reasonable proport¬ ion in relation to the filtered liquid amount. It is further essential to state that the size of coarser impurities, which can be supplied to a filter, not only depends on τhe design of the infeed devices but also on the dimension of the pipes, in which the impurities after separation are to be transported. The present invention eliminates the aforesaid disadvantages of the apparatuses described above, in that the apparatus has been given the characterizing features defined in the attached claims. Hereby the following advantages are obtain¬ ed: The filtering zone portion located closest to the outlet always is- the cleanest one, τhe outlet is entirely open and not limited by screens and * the like, • bed material returned after cleaning does not pass through any zone of outgoing filtered water prior to the storage in the bed, the cleaning of polluted beά material takes place in several • 4 sτeps, ,-. * the greater part of liquid used for material transport is recirculated, and all impurities, which possibly can be supplied to the filter, also can be removed therefrom via the system for the transport and washing of polluted b .d material. The inve-ition is described in gerater detail in the following, with reference to the accompanying drawing. The filter shown in the drawing comprises with respect to its QMPI - functioning the following zones, counted from above: Zone A Final washing zone for the final cleaning of returned bee material and distribution thereof over the entire bed surface. Zone B Storage zone for clean bed material. Zone C Filtering zone. Zone D Transport zone for polluted bed material. As to its structural design, the filter comprises an upper cylindric.or rectangular portion and a funnel-shaped portio located therebelow. Ingoing liquid is supplied to the filter via an infeed cond uit i to an infeed device 2, which is located centrally in filtering zone C of the filter bed. The liquid flows from this zene upward and outward through the filtering zone to outlet devices 3 located in the filter walls and continues said devices to an cutlet chamber -4 and further to the outl conduit 5. The material suspended in the liquid and separated in the filtering zone on the first hand is concentrated to the filtering zone portion located closest to the inlet and is transported at a successively decreas-ing extent to the oute portions o ' f the zone. The inlets and outlets are formed with inclined discs baffles - which are positioned so that a distinct defining surface between filter bed and liquid is obtained. In operation the filter bed moves continuously downward, whereby the bed material in the filtering zone C successive is replaced by clean bed material from the storage zone B. From the filtering zone the polluted .bed material passes ov to the Transport zone D and is transported therein to a space 6, which is located farthest down in the filter and is defined by the shell , of the bottom funnel .and the lower baffle of the inlet device 2. Two conduits open into said space, viz. a drain conduit 7 for removing polluted bed material and transport liquid, and a return conduit 8 for returning transport liquid. Owing to the recirculation, a strong turbulence is effected in the space 6, as a result of which the bed material supplied from the transport zone is fluidized. This in its turn brings about a first scaveng¬ ing of the bed material from pollutions . Through said drain conduit 7 polluted bed jmaterial and trans¬ port liquid are transferred to a closed sand washing equip¬ ment of s.ome known design, which is located outside the filter and completed with a coarse screen for separating coarse impurities . The greater part of the transport liquid is pumped froii the sand washing plant through the return conduit 8 again to the filter. 3ed jmaterial separated in the sand washing plant and, thus, having been passed through a second washing step, is pumped with a- small amount of transport liquid via a sand conduit 9 and a distributor 10 to the final washing zone A * located in the uppermost portion of the filter. In said zone the bed material is washed a third time and distributed over the entire bed surface, in that the liquid volume located above the bed surface is stirred by air, which is supplied through an air distribution ■ system 11 located beneath the bed surface and close thereto. The cleaned bed material is passed over to the storage zone. The transport liquid is conducted away together with possible remaining dirt through an- overflow to a scavenging liquid groove 12 and further via the scavenging liquid conduit 13 whereafter it is cleanbd. The loss from the recirculation system f o transport liquid of the* filter due to the removal of said small amount of transport liquid is compensated for automatically from the filter. The liquid level in the final washing zone A is balanced against the liquid pressures in the inlets and outlets oj the filter, so that liquid exchange between the final washing zone and the storage zone 3 is prevented.

Claims: Claims 1. An apparatus at a filter with continuous supply of clean bed material froj above to a movable filter bed, the material of which is scavenged continuously, c h a r a c t ¬ e r i z e d i n that a fluid to be filtered is supplied to the apparatus in the lower central portion thereof, passes through the bed at an inclined upward flow and leaves the bed through outlets at the upper and outer edge of the apparatus. 2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r ¬ i z e d i n that the inflow and outflow take place between a series of inclined baffles spaced relative to each other in adjustment to the size of the particles to be filtered off and positioned so, that the bed material forms distinct free defining surfaces between the fluid .and the bed, and so that solid jmaterial cannot leave the bed. 3. An apparatus as defined in -the claims 1 and 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that polluted bed jmaterial is transferred to a defined space located beneath the bed, in which space separation of dirt from the bed material takes place by fluidization, and from which space fluidized mater¬ ial is transported out of the apparatus with a fluid supplied from outside, which fluid after separation of dirt and bed jmaterial is recirculated to and re-used in said space. 4. An apparatus as cefi'ned in the claims 1, 2 and 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that cleaned bed material after its return to the upper surface of the bed is distrib¬ uted over said surface by fluidization and/or sedimentation. 5. An apparatus as defined in the claims 1,2, 3 and 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the pressure at the upper surface of the bed is balanced against the pressures in the inlets and outlets of the apparatus , so that exchange of fluid through the upper surface is prevented. _G-._? '"

Inventors: MOELLER B
Applicants: MOELLER B
Application year: 1981
Main classification: B01D29
IPC codes: B01D24, B01D33, B01D41