MECHANICAL REMOTE CONTROL ASSEMBLIES

Abstract: A mechanical remote control assembly comprising a Bowden mechanism (22) whose inner cable connects a hand-lever or other actuator (1') with a vehicle brake unit or other actuatable device (20) is provided with a coupling device (24) by which the conduit (3') of the Bowden mechanism is connected to a linking member (23') extending to another actuatable device (21). The coupling device (24) provides a passageway through which the Bowden conduit (3') extends and the coupling device can be secured to the conduit at different positions by means of a clamping device (26).

Description: JffiCHAHICAL EEMOTE COϊ-IROL ASSETvBLIES This invention relates to a mechanical remote control assembly wherein there is a flexible transmission " mechanism comprising relatively axially displaceable inner and outer members, and a linking member, which is connected to the said outer member so that in use, axial ' force imposed on said outer member when a load is applied to -said inner member can be transmitted by said linking member to a part to be actuated. Such a mechanical remote control assembly can be employed for simultaneously transmitting movement from an actuator, e.g. a hand lever/ to two spaced independent actuatable devices, one of such devices being connected to the inner member of the said flexible mechanism and the other device being connected to said linking member. Such assemblies are employed in certain vehicles for operating left and right-hand wheel brakes responsive to operation of a hand-brake lever. In these known ■ systems the inner member of a Bowden mechanism transmits motion to one of the brakes. The outer member, i.e. the conduit, of such mechanism is fixed at its end which is nearer the hand-brake lever. Its other end fits into a coupling device which is linked to the second brake. When a pull load is applied to the inner member of said Bowden mechanism the resulting force on the conduit causes displacement of its end located in the coupling device. Consequentl ' that device is displaced and the second brake is operated simultaneously with the first. An example of such a braking system is described in British Patent 1 464 967. The present invention involves a departure from the prior art assemblies in ' regard to the form of coupling 2. device employed* and the manner in which it engages the conduit of the flexible mechanism. The* invention is broadly defined in claim 1 hereof. An assembly according to the invention is characterise « in that the linking member is " connected to the outer member of the aforesaid flexible mechanism by a coupling device which forms a passageway through which said outer * member extends, which coupling device can be secured to said outer member at different positions therealong. The invention affords a number of advantages. The position at which the coupling device is set along the outer member, i.e. the conduit, of the said flexible mechanism (hereafter called "the master mechanism") can be selected at the time when the assembly is installed for use. The assembly is therefore conveniently adaptable for use in -machines which may differ inter se in regard to the relative spatial locations of their connecting points for the control assembly. An important use for an assembly according to the invention is in vehicle braking systems. Experience shows that even in a common vehicle assembly line the location of one or more anchorage points within the relevant space envelope may be subject to variation from one vehicle to the next. While it is normal to provide the control assembly with adjustment means for adjusting the brakes, the variations referred to are sometimes such that they cannot be compensated for by this adjustment facility. Alternatively if the adjustment facility can be and is used for that purpose, the remaining adjustment range available for in-service " use in undesirably reduced. By adopting the present invention the control assembly is made more easily adaptable to different installations. By altering the-position of the coupling device along the conduit of the master mechanism it is possible -hot only to compensate for manuf cturing variations between vehicles of the same design, but also to adapt the assembly for installation in machines requiring different lay-outs of the assembly. The length of the conduit of the master mechanism is not so critical fo a given installation as in assemblies wh-ere the extremity of the conduit fits into and transmits thrust to the coupling device. The invention affords yet other advantages. The inner member of the master mechanism is fully supported by its guiding conduit over the full length of the coupling device. And the fact that the conduit of such mechanism extends through the coupling device means that an end portion of the conduit projects from such device and is free* to flex responsive to lateral forces on the inner member such as * * occur for example if the adjacent end of that inner member is connected to a pivoted lever with the result that the connecting point between the said inner member and that lever follows an arcuate path. These features are conducive to smooth and efficient operation of the assembly. The invention has been made primarily for vehicle braking systems and the invention includes a vehicle having a braking system incorporating a remote control assembly according to the invention. A control assembly according to the invention can for example be installed for operating two wheel brakes by connecting one end of the inner member of the master mechanism to an actuator (which may be a hand- or foot- operated element) and the other end of such inner member to one of the brakes, and by connecting the linking member to the other brake. ' However a control assembly according to the . invention can be installed in other ways. For example * the linking member can be connected to a hand-b'rake lever or other"actuator and the opposite ends of the master mechanism can be connected, directly or indirectly,, to different devices so that a pull load on the linking member subjects the inner member of the master mechanism to tension which causes simultaneous operation of such devices. . • The versatility of assemblies according to the invention enables them to be used in. a variety of ways, as will hereafter be εxmplified. By operatively associating two or more control assemblies according to the invention it becomes possible to build control systems effective for efficiently operating any number of devices simultaneously, e.g. for simultaneously operating ' the " brakes of four vehicle wheels, even if ' such wheels have independent suspension. The linking member is preferably a flexible member, for example a cable. More preferably, the linking member constitutes the inner member of a second flexible remote control mechanism comprising a conduit in which such member is longitudinally displaceable. In these circumstances the linking member can -transmit loads along a non- rectilinear path without need for a sheave or other local fixed guide for imposing directional change on the linking member. it is very suitable and it is preferred for the master mechanism, and a said- second flexible mechanism comprising the linking member and a guiding conduit therefor, to be a Bowden mechanism in the normal usage of that term, i.e. a mechanism wherein the inner member_ is a flexible wire or cable slidable in ' contact.with the conduit or a conduit liner. For convenience the master mechanism and the said second mechanism will hereafter be referred to as Bowden mechanisms. But it is to be understood -that the master mechanism, and/or the said second mechanism if used, may be of a type comprising caged ball bearings by which the inner member is supported within the conduit. In such a mechanism the inner member can be in the form of a flexible strip. (See e.g * . British Patent 1 000 550) The coupling device is preferably formed so that the passageway therethrough follows a curved path and so that the connecting point between the coupling device and the linking member is at a position lying to the convex side of said curved passageway and substantially in line with the axis of one end portion of such passageway. In various possible lay-out patterns of the control assembly the curvature of the passageway through the coupling device makes it -possible or easier to avoid an abrupt directional change in the master mechanism at one or each end of the coupling device. The aforesaid location of the connecting point " between the coupling device and the ■ linking member ensures that the assembly can be installed so that applied and reaction forces on the coupling * device do not impose a couple causing objectional tilting of the coupling device. The coupling device can be secured at a selected position along the conduit of the mechanism in various ways. For example the coupling device can be constructed so that it can be permanently deformed or contracted within the elastic limit of its material so as to grip the conduit. Deformation of a metal coupling device can for example be effected by swaging. Permanent deformation however implies that once the coupling device has been • secured to the conduit at the time when the assembly is installed for use, the position of the coupling device on the conduit cannot thereafter be altered, or not without difficulty. Therefore it is preferable to provide releasable fastening means for securing the coupling device to the conduit. In- one embodiment, the ' coupling device is formed from a folded blank and fastening means, e.g. a bolt or a nut and bolt combination is provided by which opposed portions of the blank can be clamped together and thereby caused to grip the conduit. In another embodiment a • tubular plug is provided which is insertable into one end of the passageway. By this insertion the plug becomes firmly clamped between the coupling device and the conduit and holds the latter in their selected relative positions. In particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention the exterior surface of the flexible conduit of the master mechanism forms a male screw which is directly engaged by a female adjustment means and this adjustment ' means co-operates with the coupling device to hold it in a selected position on the conduit. Such adjustment means may comprise nuts for abutting against opposed ends of the coupling device. . Preferably however the said adjustment means -comprises a nut having a split spigot portion which is insertable into an end • of the passageway in the coupling device and is -thereby_ caused to clamp the coupling device to the conduit. ' Certain embodiments of the invention, selected by way of example, will now be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which: Fig.l is a general view of a hand-brake system embodying the invention; Fig.2 is -a general view of another such system; Fig.3 shows in more detail a coupling device as used in the system shown in Fig. 2; Fig.4 shows on the left-hand side the female adjustment nut and ' on the right-hand side a coupling device insert component- used in the system shown in Fig.2 ' ; and Fig.5 is a general view " of a four-wheel brake installation incorporating the invention. Fig.l represents a four-wheel braking system of a vehicle with rigid wheel axes. The system incorporates co-operating control. assemblies according to the invention. A hand lever 1 is connected by a tie 2, for example a rod or a cable, to the conduit 3 of a Bowden mechanism 4. For the purpose of this connection a coupling device 5 is employed which- in accordance with the invention forms a passageway through which the conduit 3 extends. The coupling device has been fastened to the conduit at a required position therealong so that the coupling device and conduit will move as* a unit. This fastening is effected at the time when the control system is installed, choosing the most appropriate site for the coupling' device. The length of the conduit 3 is not critical. Fastening of the coupling device to the conduit can be achieved in any suitable manner, for example in any of the ways herein specifically described, but preferably so that the position of the coup-ling device along the conduit can be easily varied at any time. In this- instance the coupling device is secured in position, by a clamping plug 6 which is forced into one end of the coupling device. The tie 2 is connected to a lug portion 7 of the coupling device at a point 8 which is in alignment with the axis of the. remote end portion of the conduit passageway, The inner member 9 of the Bowden mechanism ' 4 is common to that mechanism and a second Bowden mechanism 10. Opposed ends of that inner member 9 are connected to' the brake levers 11,12 of the front right-hand and the rear left-hand brake units. The conduits of the Bowden mechanisms4 and 10 pass through second and third coupling devices 13 and 14 respectively. These further coupling devices are of the same form as coupling device 5. Coupling device 13 is connected by means of a tie 15 with the brake . lever 16 of the front left-hand brake unit. Coupling device 14 is connected by means of a tie 17 with the brake lever 18 of the rear right-hand brake unit. The 'conduit of the Bowden mechanism 10 at its end remote from the coupling device 14 is secured to a fixture 19. This connection can be achieved for example by means of clamping nuts screwed on * to a threaded metal end fitting, of the conduit as known per se. The fixture 19 is the only fixed anchorage for • the brake system. When the hand-brake lever 1 is moved to apply the brakes, the coupling device 5 is pulled towards such lever, thereby imposing a tensile load on the inner member 9 of the Bowden mechanisms 4 and 10. This tensile load is directly applied to the brake levers 11 and 12.- The force transmitted to the conduit 3 of Bowden mechanism 4 via the tie 2 causes the front end portion of that conduit, together with the attached coupling device 13, to be displaced towards brake lever 11 and in consequence a similar operating load is transmitted to the brake lever 16 via the tie 15. -The tensile load on the inner member 9 which causes displacement of brake levers 11 and 12, also causes the rear end portion of the conduit of the Bowden mechanism 10, together with the attached coupling device 14, to be displaced towards the brake lever 12 and in consequence a similar operating load is transmitted to the brake lever 18 via the tie 17. Spring means (not shown) is present which urges the control assembly towards its brake release position. Such spring means may comprise springs located within the brake units. The system affords a remarkably high aggregate output force. The operating force on each of the brake units approaches a value equal to the force applied to the tie 2 via the hand-brake lever 1, minus a loss factor which depends on ' the operating efficiencies of the Bowden mechanisms. The aggregate output force can be well in excess of three times the force applied to the tie 2. The four output forces .are balanced, i.e. equal to each other. * The operating efficiencies attained are in part attributable to the fact that the inner member 9 of the. Bowden mechanisms is fully supported by ' the guiding conduits over the full lengths of the coupling devices 13 and 14. Another contributory factor is the location of the connecting points for the ties 2,15 and 17 in alignment with the axes of the respective Bowden conduits where they emerge from the passageways in the coupling devices. For the purpose of making in-service adjustments to the brake system, it suffices to provide a single adjustment facility. For this purpose the conduit of Bowden mechanism 10 can be provided with a threaded metal end fitting and adjustment nuts at the point where it is connected to ' the fixture 19. By manipulation of such nuts the curvatures and therefore the operations of the two Bowden mechanisms can be adjusted. In preferred embodiments however an adjustment facility is* provided directly on the flexible conduit of one of the Bowden mechanisms and use of the adjustment facility alters the position at which one of the coupling devices is secured to such conduit. If it is required to operate only the * two rear wheel brakes _from the hand-lever 1, this can be done by omitting the Bowden mechanism 4, the coupling devices 5 and 13 and the tie 15, and connecting the inner member- 9 of the Bowden mechanism 10 directly to the lever 1. In that case the projecting front end portion of such inner member takes the place of tie 2. Fig.2 shows a remote control system according to the invention installed for operating the brake units 20,21 of opposed .independently suspended vehicle wheels. The system employs two Bowden mechanisms, 22,23 and a single coupling device 24 with which an adjuster 25 is associated as described in more detail hereafter with reference to Figs.3 and 4. The inner member of the Bowden mechanism * 22 is * connected at its front end to the hand brake lever 1 ' and at its rear end to an operating lever within the brake unit 20. The rear end of the conduit of that mechanism is secured to the housing of the brake unit. The inner member 23' of the Bowden mechanism 23 connects the brake lever in brake unit 21 with the coupling device 24, The conduit of that mechanism is secured at its rear end to the housing of brake unit 21 and at its front end to a fixture 26. The conduit of the Bowden mechanism 22 comprises closely helically interwound wires which form at the exterior surface of the conduit a male screw and the adjuster 25 is in direct screw engagement with such male screw so that such adjuster can be screwed to any desired adjusted position along the conduit. The said conduit may for example have any of the forms described and shown in British Patent No. 1 409 526. When a pull load is applied to the inner member of Bowden mechanism 22 via the lever 1 the front end portion of the conduit of that Bowden mechanism together with the coupling device 24 is displaced towards the lever 1' and brake units 20 and 21 are operated simultaneously. The operating force on each unit is equal to the force applied to the inner member of the • *** Bowden mechanism 22 minus . a loss factor -depending on the efficiency of the Bowden* mechanisms. The two output forces are balanced. The fact that the conduit of the Bowden mechanism 22 projects forwardly from the coupling device 24 ■contributes to the smooth and efficient operation of the system because this projecting portion of the conduit - is free to flex responsive tq the arcuate movements o " f the connecting point between the inner member of such mechanism and the lever 1. The lay-out of the Fig.2 brake system is such that it embodies the " invention described and claimed in co- pending International Patent Application No. filed on the same date as the present application and entitled: Mechanical Remote Control Systems. _ Referring to Figs. 3 and 4:* the coupling device 24 is formed from a single metal blank. The shaping of the blank and the manner of folding it are such that the folded blank defines a passageway 27 for the conduit of the master mechanism and opposed marginal portions of the blank including two lobes 28,29 are brought into parallel relationship. Holes are formed in the lobes and they together form a two-ply lug to which the inner member 23' of the second Bowden mechanism is attached. Fig.4 shows the female adjustment nut 26 for screwing onto the conduit of the master mechanism. The nut has a tapered and axially slotted spigot portion 30 for clamping onto the conduit. A tubular insert component 31 is provided which has a spigot portion 32 for insertion into an end of the passageway 27 in the coupling device and which at its other end has a conical socket 33 whose angle of taper is similar to that of the tapered spigot 30 o ' f the female adjustment member. The spigot portion 7 of the insert component has an integral, key portion 34. When the insert component is inserted into the coupling device this* key portion is received by a slot 35 between opposed portions of the folded blank so that the insert component is prevented from rotating in the coupling device.Su component can* be σlued or damned in place.* The position at which the adjuster 26 is set- along the conduit of the master mechanism determines the effective length- of this conduit. The adjuster can be located at any desired position along the conduit when setting up the system and- adjustments can be easily effected at any time. After adjustment the spigot portion is pushed firmly into the insert component 31 in the end of the coupling device so that this spigot portion becomes firmly clamped onto the conduit. The spigot portion is self-locking in the conical socket 33 of the insert component because of the angle of taper and the coefficient of friction between the contacting surfaces. Consequently, when a braking force is released the coupling ' device and adjuster move as a unit away from the hand-brake lever. If the tapered spigot portion of the adjustment nut is not pushed sufficiently firmly into the receptive socket in the insert component when . setting up the system or following an adjustment, such clamping occurs automatically responsive to the first or next following application of the braking load on the system. A conduit with an adjustment nut directly screwed thereon could be used for Bowden mechanism 10 in Fig.l, the tapered adjustment nut being arranged to co-operate with an aperture in fixture ' 19. ' Fig. 5 shows a four-wheel braking system • incorporating the invention used in a vehicle with independent suspension of all four wheels. Application of a pulling force on the inner member 36 of a* first * Bowden mechanism 37 connected to a wheel brake .assembly 38 causes the brake of the opposed wheel brake assembly 39 to be simultaneously operated -via a second Bowden mechanism 40 because the inner member of that mechanism is connected to a coupling device 41 which is connected to the conduit of the first Bowden mechanism. The inner member 36 is connected in alignment with or forms an extension of the inner member of a third Bowden mechanism 42 for operating the brake of a third wheel brake assembly 43. The conduit of that mechanism passes through the passageway in a second coupling device 44 which is in turn connected to the inner member 45 of a fourth Btowden mechanism 46 extending to a fourth brake assembly 47. The conduit of that mechanism passes through a third coupling device 48. The coupling device 48 is connected by a tie 49 with a hand-brake lever * 50. When a pulling force is applied to that tie by movement of the hand-brake lever, the load is transmitted via the third coupling device 48 to the fourth Bowden mechanism 46, via that fourth Bowden mechanism and the second coupling device 44 to the third Bowden mechanism 42, and via that third Bowden mechanism to the inner member of the first and second Bowden mechanisms 37 and 40. Operation of the hand lever therefore results in simultaneous application of all four wheel-brakes. The output force, applied to. each brake mechanism, is a high percentage of the input load applied to the tie 49 by the hand-brake lever. The four output forces are balanced. It is important to note that even in such a four- wheel brake system only one abutment extraneous to .the ' wheel brake units is required. In the illustrated arrangement the single abutment is represented at 51. And it is only necessary to provide a single adjustment facility. In the illustrated system this facilit is -in the form of an adjustment nut 52 which is screwed directly onto the conduit of the third Bowden mechanism 42 and is clamped onto that conduit by the coupling device 44. The coupling devices 41 and 48 are secured to their respective conduits by suitable clamping means when the system is. initially set up and such clamping means do not have subsequently to be- released. The clamping means may comprise clamping screws which cause the coupling devices to grip the conduits, or end clamping plugs 53, 54_ hich are forced into the ends of the coupling devices.

Claims: Claims 1. A mechanical remote control assembly wherein there is a flexible transmission mechanism (4,22) • ' comprising relatively axially displaceable inner and outer members, and a linking member (2/23) by which . forces tending to cause axial displacement of said outer member(3, 3 ' )can be transmitted from or to another movable part (1,1') via said linking member (2,23* characterised in that . for connecting said linking member (2,23 . to the outer member (3,3') of said flexible mechanism (4,22) there is a coupling device (5,24) which forms a passageway (27) through which said outer member (3,3 r ) extends, which coupling device can be secured to said outer member (3,3') at different positions therealong. 2. • A control assembly according to claim 1, wherein said linking member (2,23) is the inner member of a second flexible remote control mechanism (23) comprising a conduit in which such member is longitudinally dis¬ placeable. 3. A control assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said coupling device (5,24) is formed so that said passageway (27) follows a curved path and wherein the connecting point (8) between said coupling device * and said linking member (2,23) lies to the convex side of said passageway (27) and substantially in line with the axis of one end portion of such passageway. 4. A control assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein there is releasable fastening means (6,25) for securing said coupling device (5,24) onto said outer member (3,3' ) . •5. A control assembly according to claim 4, wherein said fastening means comprises a tubular plug which * is insertable. into one end of said passageway. 6. A control assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the exterior surface of said outer member (3') of said flexible mechanism (4,22) forms a male screw which is directly engaged by a female adjustment meana (26) and this adjustment means serves to hold said coupling device (5,24) in a selected position on said outer member (3') . 7. A control assembly according to claim 6, wherein said female adjustment means comprises a nut having a spigot portion " (30)which is insertable into an end of said passageway (27) and thereby clamps said coupling device (5,24) to said outer member. 8. A mechanical remote control assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein said coupling device (5,24) is substantially as herein described with reference to Fig.3 of the accompanying drawings. 9. A vehicle braking system incorporating a control assembly according to any preceding claim. 10. A vehicle braking system incorporating two or more control assemblies according to any of claims 1 to 8 for achieving simultaneous operation of a plurality of brakes. 11. A vehicle braking " system incorporating a mechanical remote control assembly according to any of claims .1 to 8, such system being substantially as herein described with reference to Fig.l, Fig.2 or Fig.5 of the accompanying drawings.

Inventors: HAWTREE G
Applicants: BOWDEN CONTROLS LTD, HAWTREE G
Application year: 1980
Main classification: F16C1
IPC codes: B60T11, F16C1