FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS

Abstract: Fire extinguishing apparatus comprises a plurality of electrically actuable actuators (A) connected in series and each arranged to actuate a sprinkler head. Connected in parallel with each actuator is a variable resistance device (RD) whose resistance decreases with increasing current whereby to overcome problems due to an actuator (A) going open circuit due to age or damage. Apparatus for monitoring the continuity of the series connected actuators is also disclosed.

Description: FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS The present invention relates to fire extinguishing apparatus and more particularly to an electrical circuit for actuatiiig fire extinguishing devices such as sprinkler heads. One way of actuating a sprinkler head is for each head to be provided with an electrically actuable single shot actuator which is used to rupture a seal, for example the quartz bulb, of a sprinkler head to cαuiε. water or other fire extinguishing fluid to be discharged from the head. One such actuator is sold -under the trade name Metron by Nobel's Explosives Company Limited of Ayshire , Scotland. Individually, these actuators operate satisfactorily but when used in large numbers and especially when it is desired to actuate a plurality of such actuators using a single trigger signal problems can arise due to the fact that when actuated the actuators can end up either " in open circuit or a short circuit state in a random manner. This means that it is possible that only some of the desired number of actuators will actually be actuated which could have disasterous consequences. In order to ensure that each actuator of a plurality of actuators is operated, one could wire .the actuators in parallel but this is an expensive operation and . co-uses difficulties in providing a trigger signal which will meet the manufacturer's speci ication for a drive signal which is for example, a current of 2 a ps with a rise time of 100 m.secs. / » Wiring the actuators in series would avoid the problems of cost and drive signal specification but does not itself solve the problem that some actuators may be in an open circuit mode after actuation and before the 5 drive signal current can actuate any further actuators. The present invention provides fire extinguishing apparatus comprising a plurality of actuator each arranged to be actuated by an electrical signal, the actuators being connected in series, and arranged to be 10 connected to a device for producing the electrical signal characterised in that each actuator has connected in parallel with it, a device whose resistance decreases with increasing current through the device. In order that the present invention be more ^5 readily understood, an embodiment thereof will no be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a circuit diagram of a fire extinguishing arrangement according to the present invention. 0 The apparatus comprises an electrical circuit for the operation of a number of single shot actuators (gas generators) when connected in series. Each actuator comprises a low resistance electric fuse. The actuators may be used to rupture a seal for example the quartz bulb 5 of a sprinkler head. The circuit utilises an electrical supply which may typically be 50 volts DC which will operate up to ten actuators in one series chain. The supply is used to charge a capacitor (Cl) 0 which is used to reduce the effect q.f sourjpe impedance. The ϊ ^ ir/ - Q SX ιλ.cZl * -l-.tck \ -^i c ( * < . 0 capacitor is . discharged via/a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR.l) through a ballast resistor Rl into the series chai of actuators (Al-An) when it is desired to operate the actuators. The silicon controlled rectifier is triggered 5 by the closing of a contact (Si) which may be manually and/or automatically operated by a fire detection device such as a smoke or hea detector.. Across each actuator - is connected a current sensitive resistance device (RDl-RDn) with typical characteristics of high resistance when passing less than 10 millia ps and low resistance when passing 2 amperes. Such a device is a Brimistor. In order to be able to monitor the continuity of the series chain of actuators, * the series chain and ballast resistor form one leg of a D.C. bridge circuit whose other legs are constituted by a variable resistor VRl and fixed resistors R2 and R3. The power supply for the bridge is provided by the junction between R2 and being connected by one pole of the D.C. supply for the actuators while the ; junction between the variable resistor VRl and to series chain of actuators is connected to the other pole of the supply. A diode D is connected in parallel with the supply. Unbalancing of the bridge is detected by a liner operational amplifier AΛP 1 whose one input is connected to the junction between resistance R3 at the series chain of actuators and whose other input is connected to the junction between VRl and R « The output of the amp.lifier is fed to an indicator in the form of a light emitting device and a relay RLA1. The light emitting device is preferably a light emitting diode LED 1. The bridge is balanced using the variable resistor VRl and with the bridge balanced the light emitting diode LED 1 is illuminated and the relay RLA 1 energised. Should any one of the actuators go open circuit due to aging or damage then the effective resistance of the series chain increases as the parallel resistive device is no longer shunted by the relatively low resistance of the electric fuse of the actuator. This change is sufficient t o unbalance the DC Bridge and the operational amplifier switches to extinguish LED 1 (and the signalling relay is de-energised). The monitoring current flowing through the OMPI series chain is limited to less than 10 milliamps - a level which will not operate the actuators or change the value of the resistive devices. A similar indication will be given if the connecting cable in the series chain is open circuited. When actuators are connected in series without shunt resistive devices there is a possibility due to manu acturing tolerances and installation conditions that one electric fuse may rupture before all other fuses have reached sufficient enery to ignite their respective charges. The resistance of the actuators can vary in practice from 0.9 ohm to 1.6 ohm. Also if one or more electric fuse is open circuit the remaining 'healthy' fuses cannot be operated. With this invention in the case of a healthy chain a current in excess of 2 amperes is available with a rise time of less than 100 microseconds. If any one or more electric fuses are open circuit before- or during firing then all the 'healthy' actuators may. still be operated. This is due to the parallel resistive device across any open circuit electric fuse rapidly reducing its resistance with the relatively high current n * flowing thereby enabling further actuators to operate. The value of the ballast resistor Rl is chosen having regard to the number of actuators in the chain and the desired magnitude of the current in the chain. Also the resistive devices will continue to conduct after operation of all actuators and it may be desired to interupt the supply either manually or by a timer or similar device aft some minutes.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Fire extinguishing apparatus comprising a plurality of actuators each arranged to be actuated by an electrical signal, the actuators being connected in series, and means for applying an electrical signal to said actuators characterised in that each actuator has connected in parallel with it a device whose resistance decreases with increasing current through the device. 2. Fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1 and comprising a ballast resistor connected in series with said actuators. 3. Fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, and comprising means for monitoring the continuity of said series connected actuators.

Inventors: JOLLIFFE R, WILLEY M
Applicants: JOLLIFFE R, WILLEY M
Application year: 1980
Main classification: A62C37
IPC codes: A62C37, G08B17