OPTICAL FIBRES CABLE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT

Abstract: An optical fibres cable comprises one or more optical fibres (1) enclosed within a loose-fitting tube which comprises a reinforcing element in the form of a metal tape (4) wrapped into tubular form with its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping. The tape (4) is provided at least on its outwardly facing side with a plastics coating and a plastics sheath (5) is extruded to bond to this coating. The metal tape protects the optical fibres against excessive tension and transverse crushing but the cable retains flexibility. A tube (3) formed of a paper or plastics strip is initially applied around the fibres.

Description: OPTICAL FIBRES CABLE This invention relates to an optical fibres cable. British patent 1 487 464 to Industrie Pirelli S.p.A. describes and claims an optical fibre element for an optical fibres cable, wherein one or more optical fibres, each bare or provided with a protective sheath, is or are enclosed within an over-size tube which is such a loose fit around the optical fibre or fibres to permit movement of the fibre or fibres transverse to that tube. A preferred feature is that the optical fibres each follows a path, from end-to-end of the enclosing tube, which is longer than the enclosing sheath itself. This particularly enables tension to be applied to the cable, for example during installation by pulling the cable into a duct, without subjecting the individual optical fibres themselves to excessive tension. This invention relates-to an optical fibres cable of the general type comprising one or more optical fibres enclosed within a loose-fitting, over-size tube, the tube being reinforced for resisting tensile forces. Thus, in accordance with this invention, there is provided an optical fibres cable comprising one or more optical fibres enclosed withina loose-fitting tube, which tube comprises a reinforcing element in the form of a metal tape wrapped into tubular form with its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping, the metal tape being provided with a coating of plastics material at least on its outwardly facing side, and an extruded sheath of plastics material bonded to said coating. Also in accordance with this invention, there is provided a method of forming an optical fibres cable, comprising applying a loose-fitting tube around one or more optical fibres, said tube comprising a reinforcing element in the form of a metal tape which is wrapped into tubular form with its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping, the metal tape being provided with a coating of plastics material at least on its outwardly facing side, and extruding a sheath of plastics material over said tube so as to bond to said coating. An embodiment of this invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which FIGURE 1 is a view of an end portion of an optical fibres cable, the various layers of which are shown removed progressively in order to illustrate the features of construction; and FIGURE 2 is a view of a portion of an apparatus for manufacturing the cable, showing means for positive feeding of the optical fibres and a paper tape being applied to form a loose tube-about the optical fibres. The particular embodiment of cable shown in Figure 1 comprises four optical fibres 1, but may instead comprise six, eight, twelve or in general any number of such fibres. The fibres may be of monomode or multimode construction and are provided with individual sheaths 2 of plastics material and the sheathed fibres are loosely enclosed within a tube 3 which comprises a belt in the form of a paper strip wrapped into tubular form with its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping as shown. A reinforcing tube 4 is provided around the paper tube 3 and comprises a steel tape wrapped into tubular form with its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping as shown. The overlap of the edges of the steel tape is generally diametrically opposite the overlap of the edges of the paper strip. The steel tape is coated on both sides with a thermoplastics material, of the order of 40microns thick only, and one such tape is marketed by Dow Chemicals. An extruded sheath 5 of plastics material is applied over the steel tape tube 4 and bonds to the coating on the outwardly facing side of the steel tape so as to effect a bond between the sheath 5 and the steel tape tube. Also, the heat of extrusion causes the overlapping edges of the steel tape to become sealed together by a fusing of the contacting regions of the thermoplastics coatings. The steel tape provides appropriate tensile strength so as to protect the fibres from excessive tension in the completed cable, but also protects the fibres against transverse crushing or compressive forces. However, the cable construction retains good flexibility. The bonded combination of steel tape tube 4 and outer sheath 5 provides an effective moisture barrier and the bond of the steel tape tube to the outer sheath prevents the steel tape kinking inwards, and possibly damaging the optical fibres, upon bending the cable. The paper strip tube 3 prevents any possible damage to the optical fibres from the inwardly facing edge of the steel tape. The plastics coating on the inwardly facing side of the steel tape provides corrosion protection for the steel itself. In manufacturing the cable (Figure 2), the optical fibres 1 are fed, from individual bobbins on which they are wound, through a first station to at which the paper strip 3 is applied longitudinally from a reel (not shown) and wrapped around the fibres, then through a second station (not shown) at which the steel tape is applied longitudinally from a reel and wrapped around the paper strip tube, and then through an extruder at which the outer sheath 5 is applied. Finally, the cable issuing from the apparatus is wound upon a cable drum. Means are provided, just upstream of the first station, in the form of co-operating drive rolls 12 having rims of soft material (or alternatively in the form of a caterpillar device), to positively feed the optical fibres to the first station at a rate somewhat greater than the rate at which the paper tube, steel tube and outer sheath issue from the apparatus. Without this positive feed on the optical fibres, the cable would be wound onto the take-up drum with the optical fibres lying against what is, as wound on the drum, the radially-inner surface of the enclosing tube, with the result that the optical fibres would in fact be shorter than the overall length of the enclosing tube. Although obviously the cable could then be unwound from the drum and laid out straight for the fibres to relax, then cutting off the excess length of the enclosing tube, it is clearly an advantage to provide the positive feed of the fibres, so as to ensure an excess length of optical fibres within the enclosing tube, in order to avoid additional manufacturing operations. The cable shown is made by employing sufficient positive feed of the fibres that, even if the cable were laid out straight, the optical fibres follow respective paths, from end-to-end of the enclosing tube, which are each longer than the length of the enclosing tube itself. This. cable is thus constructed in accordance with a preferred feature of British patent 1 487 464 to Industrie Pirelli S.p.A. For example, the optical fibres are typically 0.5 longer than the enclosing tube. A tube 14, preferably transparent, for example of glass, extends from immediately downstream of the rolls 12 to the point where the folding of the paper tape 3 into tubular form is just completed. The optical fibres pass through the tube 14 and the paper tape is folded around the tube 14, which guides the excess length of the optical fibres into the paper tube. Moreover, although the optical fibres are only 0.5%, for example, longer than the enclosing tube, the undulating path adopted by the fibres is visible through the transparent wall of the tube and this provides a convenient means for checking that the optical fibres' are being fed into the paper tube under the correct conditions. Instead of the tube 3 being formed of a paper strip, it may be formed of a plastics strip or alternatively of a paper/plastics laminate strip wrapped 90 that the plastics ply faces inwardly.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. An optical fibres cable, comprising one or more optical fibres enclosed within a loose-fitting tube, characterised in that said tube comprises a reinforcing element (4) in the form of a metal tape wrapped into tubular form with its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping, the metal tape being provided with a coating of plastics material at least on its outwardly facing side, and an extruded sheath (5) of plastics material bonded to said coating. 2. An optical fibres cable as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the metal tape is provided with a said coating of plastics material on both its inwardly and outwardly facing sides. 3. An optical fibres cable as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the or each said coating is of the order of 40 microns thick. 4. An optical fibres cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the metal tape is a steel tape. 5. An optical fibres cable as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised < a tube (3) formed from a paper or plastics or paper/plastics laminate strip, about which paper or plastics or laminate tube the metal tape tube (4) is formed. 5. An optical fibres cable as claimed in any preceding claim, characterised in that the optical fibre or fibres (1) each follows a path, from end-to-end of the cable, which is longer than the length of the enclosing tube. 7. An optical fibres cable as claimed in any preceding claim1 characterised in that the overlapping edges of the metal tape are sealed together as a result of a fusing of the plastics coating or coatings caused by the heat of extruding said sheath. 8. A method of forming an optical fibres cable, comprising applying a loose-fitting tube around one or more optical fibres1 characterised in that said tube is formed by wrapping a metal tape into tubular form around the optical fibre or fibres, to form a reinforcing element (4), the tape having its opposite edges extending parallel to the axis of the tube thus formed and overlapping, the metal tape being provided with a coating of plastics material at least on its outwardly facing side, and a sheath (5) of plastics material is extruded over said tube so as to bond to said coating. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, characterised applying, around said fibre or fibres (1), a loose-fitting tube (3) formed from a paper or plastics or paper/plastics laminate strip, prior to application of said metal tape tube. 10. A method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the optical fibre or fibres (1) is or are positively advanced towards a station (10) at which the metal tape tube is formed therearound, so as to provide an excess of length of optical fibre or fibres within the enclosing tube of the manufactured cable. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that the optical fibre or fibres is or are guided through a tube (14) from a positive feeding means (12) to said station at which a said tube of the cable is formed around the fibre or fibres. 12. A method as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the guide tube (14) is transparent, whereby the fibre or fibres are visible and may be inspected for an undulating course through said transparent tube.

Inventors: BELTRAMI, ANTONIO FRANCESCO, COLLIS, ROBERT EDWIN, NORMAN, STEPHEN ROY COBBETTS MEADE, OSTERFIELD, JOHN RICHARD
Applicants: PIRELLI GENERAL PLC
Application year: 1980
Main classification: G02B5
IPC codes: H01B7, G02B6