TYRES FOR TRUCKS AND BUSES

Abstract: The tyre including at least one carcass (2) disposed in the radial direction or the semi-radial direction, a tread portion (4), and a breaker (9) composed of multiple-layers of belts (5,6,7,8,8′) each composed of steel cords, which is formed between the carcass and the tread portion. The steel cord (a) constituting the outermost layer belt (8′) of the breaker (9) is arranged at between 70° to 110°, and preferably at substan­ tially right angles, to the equatorial direction of the tyre.

Description: DESCRIPTION "TYRES FOR TRUCKS AND BUSES" This invention relates to an improvement in the structure of a tyre for trucks and buses which is adapted for use on bad roads, and particularly to an improvement in the structure of a breaker composed of multiple layers of steel cord belts, Various improvements have been made in truck and bus tyres for use on bad roads and resulted in a considerable upgrading in quality, for example, durability. But these improvements are still not entirely satisfactory to the users. In particular, tyres used as drive wheels of trucks and buses tend to undergo cutting at their tread surfaces. When cutting results, delamination occurs at the cut portions between the rubber and the steel cords of belts constituting the breaker or between the rubber portions near the steel cords. The delamination grows in the equatorial direction of the tyre, and finally, the tread portion is torn off from the tze in masses. A tyre of this kind for use on bad roads, which now gains videspread use, is of the structure shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, in which at least one carcass ply 2 is arranged in the radial direction or semi-radial direction with its terminal portions folded back along bead cores 1. A bead portion A is reinforced with bead reinforcing members 3, and a crown portion B, having a tread 4 formed on its outer peripheral surface, includes a breaker 9 composed of, for example, four laminated layers of belts 5, 6, 7 and 8, made of steel cords a, in the circumferential direction. Generally, there have previously been employed teo structures of the breaker 9 of a tyre of this kind, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 EMI3.1 <tb> Sequence <SEP> of <SEP> Angle <SEP> of <SEP> inclina- <SEP> Direction <SEP> Remarks <tb> layers <SEP> from <SEP> tion <SEP> of <SEP> cords <SEP> to <SEP> of <SEP> the <tb> the <SEP> carcass <SEP> the <SEP> equatorial <SEP> angle <tb> ply <SEP> direction <tb> 1st <SEP> layer <SEP> (5) <SEP> 50 <SEP> - <SEP> 800 <SEP> Rising <SEP> Optionally <tb> <SEP> rightward <SEP> divided <SEP> into <tb> <SEP> two <SEP> at <SEP> the <tb> <SEP> center <tb> <SEP> 2nd <SEP> laer <SEP> (6) <SEP> 10 <SEP> 300 <SEP> Rising <tb> <SEP> rightwarcl <tb> <SEP> 3rd <SEP> layer <SEP> (7) <SEP> 1 <SEP> 300 <SEP> Rising <tb> <SEP> 10 <tb> <SEP> leftward <tb> <SEP> 4th <SEP> layer <SEP> (8) <SEP> 10 <SEP> - <SEP> 300 <SEP> Rising <SEP> Optionally <tb> <SEP> leftward <SEP> not <SEP> used <tb> NOTE: As regards the direction of the angle, if the 2nd layer and the 3rd layer cross each other, the directions of the 1st layer and the 4th layer are optional. Table 2 EMI4.1 <tb> Sequence <SEP> of <SEP> Angle <SEP> of <SEP> inclina- <SEP> Direction <SEP> Remarks <tb> layers <SEP> from <SEP> tion <SEP> of <SEP> cords <SEP> to <SEP> of <SEP> the <tb> the <SEP> carcass <SEP> I <SEP> the <SEP> equatorial <SEP> angle <tb> ply <SEP> direction <tb> ply <tb> 1st <SEP> layer <SEP> (5) <SEP> 10 <SEP> - <SEP> 30 <SEP> Rising <tb> <SEP> rightward <tb> 2nd <SEP> layer <SEP> (6) <SEP> 1 <SEP> II <SEP> Rising <tb> <SEP> leftkard <tb> 3rd <SEP> layer <SEP> (7) <SEP> .. <SEP> Rising <tb> <SEP> rightward <tb> 4th <SEP> layer <SEP> (8) <SEP> n <SEP> Rising <SEP> Optionally <tb> <SEP> leftward <SEP> not <SEP> used <tb> NOTE: Any one layer should cross an adjacent layer. There is no other restriction on the direction of the layers. As is seen from Tables 1 and 2, in the convention; belt structures, the fourth layer 8 (third layer 7 when the fourth layer 8 is not used), which constitutes the outermost layer, includes steel cords which are arranged at a relatively small angle of 10 to 300 to the equatorial direction S, and each steel cord a is very long with respect to the equatorial direction S of the tyre, as shown in Figure 2. For this reason, in the event that the tread 4 -of the tyre is partly cut by some cause, the outermost layer belt 8 will become a cause of inducing the occurrence and growth of delamination, as described hereinabove. Specifically, water coming from the cuts causes rusting of the outermost layer 8 (or 7) at the cuts. The rust advances along the steel cords a. Since the steel cords a are inclined only slightly to the equatorial direction S, the rust advances substantially along the equatorial direction S of the tyre. Once the steel cords a get rusty, the adhesion strength between the cords and the rubber contacting them is reduced drastically and consequently, the delamination strength is reduced. When a large shear stress in the equatorial direction S acts on the tread portion 4 of the tyre with the driving of a wheel, the shear stress acts as a delamination force between the tread portion 4 and the outermost belt layer 8 (7), and consequently, the rusty steel cords a separate from the surrounding rubber. This delamination proceeds in the equatorial directions along the rusty steel cords a. Finally, the delamination will proceed to get together between the cuts to cause complete delamination between the outermost layer belt 8 and the tread portion 4 and to tear off the tread portion 4. It is an object of this invention to solve the aforesaid problem of the prior art, and to provide a tyre for trucks and buses, which even when cut can effectively prevent delamination between steel cords and the rubber or between rubber portions which may occur as a result of cutting, and also the growth of the delamination in the equatorial direction. According to the invention, there is provided a tyre for trucks and buses, said tyre comprising at least one carcass disposed in the radial direction or the semi-radial direction, a tread portion and formed between said carcass and said tread portion, a breaker composed of multiple-layers of belts each composed of steel cords, characterised in that the angle of the steel cords constituting the outermost layer belt of said breaker to the equatorial direction of the tyre is in the range of 70 to 110 One way of carrying out the invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings which illustrate a specific embodiment, and in which: : Figure 1 is a cross-section of a tyre for trucks and buses, Figure 2 is an overhead view showing a conventional belt layer structure of a tyre for trucks and buses, Figure 3 is an overhead view showing the belt layer in a tyre constructed in accordance with the present invention, and Figure 4 is a graph showing variations in delamination strength versus the inclination angle of a steel cord of a belt to the equatorial direction. The basic characteristic of this invention is that the direction of the outermost belt, i.e. the inclination angle of the steel cords in the outermost belt to the equatorial direction, is adjusted to 70 to 1100, preferably about 900. As shove in Figure 3, steel cords a of the outermost layer of the four belt layers 5, 6, 7 and 8' constituting the breaker 9 of the tyre, i.e. the belt 8' nearest the tread portion 4, are arranged substantially perpendicular to the equatorial direction S of the tyre. By this arrangement, the growth of rust which may be generated by water coming from cuts is restricted to the direction of the steel cords a, i.e. the widthwise direction of the tyre. Consequently, the proceeding of the rust in the equatorial direction S of the tyre can be inhibited and thus the delamination between the tread portion and the outermost belt layer owing to shear stress can be prevented. In addition to the above advantage, when the steel cords a of the outermost belt layer 8' are arranged substantially at right angles to the equatorial direction, the delamination strength between the steel cords a and the surrounding rubber can be increased outstandingly from that in the conventional structure, as is clearly seen from the relation shown in Figure 4. For example, when the angle of inclination of the steel cord a to the equatorial direction S is 90 , the delamination strength obtained (about 29 kg/25mm) is about twice that (about 15 kg/25 mm) obtainable when the angle of inclination is 150. The inclination angle of the outermost layer 8' is not limited to 90 . From experimental results, it has been found that if the angle of inclination is in the range of 70 to 110 at which the delamination strength is substantially saturated, the growth of rust can be effectively inhibited. Accordingly, the angle of inclination of the outermost belt layer can be set within the above range, with the inclinations of the cords of other belt layers 5, 6 and 7 being unchanged. A conventional tyre for trucks and buses on bad roads and the tyre of this invention were comparativel tested, and the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. The comparative experiment performed was a general durability drum test under the following condition: on new tyres (rim: 7.50 U20) between the comparision tyre and the tyre of the invention. Inner pressure: 7.75 kg/cm2 Load: 3,645 kg Speed: 40km/hour The structure of the comparision tyre and the tyre of the invention tested is summarized in Table 3 below. The results of the test are set forth = le 4. Table 3 ------------ Invention Tyre Comparison Tyre ---------------------------- --------------------------- Carcass ply (1) Number of ply one ply one ply (2) Angle of inclination of cords to the 90 90 equatorial direction brenker ply (sequence of layers from the carcass 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th ply) layer layer layer layer layer layer layer layer (1) Angle of inclination of cords to the 67 16 16 90 67 16 16 16 equatorial direction (2) Direction of the angle* RH RH LH LH RH RH LH LH (3) Width of breaker (mm) 146 162 144 75 146 162 144 75 [Note] *: RH means "rising rightward" and Lh means "rising lefward" when observing from the outside of the Tyre. Table 4 EMI10.1 Running <SEP> Specification <SEP> Comparison <SEP> Tyre <SEP> Invention <SEP> Tyre <tb> <SEP> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- <tb> <SEP> Outside <SEP> diameter <SEP> of <SEP> 1,056 <SEP> mm <SEP> 1,056 <SEP> mm <tb> <SEP> the <SEP> tyre <tb> <SEP> O <SEP> (new <tb> tires) <SEP> Kidth <SEP> of <SEP> the <SEP> tyre <SEP> 278 <SEP> 278 <tb> Tread <SEP> radius <SEP> 485 <SEP> 499 <tb> <SEP> Outside <SEP> diameter <SEP> 1,061 <SEP> mm <SEP> 1,060 <SEP> mm <tb> 1,000 <SEP> km <SEP> Width <SEP> 278 <SEP> 278 <tb> <SEP> Tread <SEP> radius <SEP> 451 <SEP> 504 <tb> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- <tb> <SEP> Outside <SEP> diameter <SEP> 1,063 <SEP> mm <SEP> 1,061 <SEP> mm <tb> <SEP> 3,000 <SEP> km <SEP> Width <SEP> 278 <SEP> 278 <tb> <SEP> Tread <SEP> radius <SEP> 428 <SEP> 497 <tb> <SEP> Outside <SEP> diameter <SEP> 1,063 <SEP> mm <SEP> 1,061 <SEP> mm <SEP> <tb> <SEP> ,000 <SEP> km <SEP> <SEP> Width <SEP> 278 <SEP> 278 <tb> <SEP> Tread <SEP> radius <SEP> 426 <SEP> 492 <tb> <SEP> Outside <SEP> diameter <SEP> 1,063 <SEP> mm <SEP> 1,061 <SEP> mm <SEP> <tb> <SEP> 9,000 <SEP> km <SEP> Width <SEP> 278 <SEP> 278 <tb> <SEP> Tread <SEP> radius <SEP> 424 <SEP> 489 <tb> <SEP> --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tyre temperature immediately after running 9,000 km --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shoulder Intermediate Crown portion portion portion Comparison tyre, 87 C 910C 930C Invention tyre 850C 87 C SS C As is seen from Tables 3 and 4, the tyre of this invention changes very little in outside diameter and tread radius as compared with the conventional tyre, and shows greatly improved durability. When cuts are caused to the tread portion of the tyre of this invention and water gets into the resulting cuts, the progress of rust which occurs in the steel cords is restricted to the widthwise direction of the tyre, and its propagation in the equatorial direction of the tyre can be minimized. Accordingly, the delamination between the tread portion and the outermost belt layer owing to the growth of the rust can be surely inhibited, and moreover, the delamination strength between the steel cords and the surrounding rubber can be increased very greatly. This brings out an effect of not only preventing delamination but also of increasing the durability of the tyre itself. Thus, the present invention can provide tyres for bad roads which can fully meet the demand of the user.

Claims: CLAIMS: 1) A tyre for trucks and buses comprising at least one carcass (2) disposed in the radial direction or the semi-radial direction, a tread portion (4),ormed between said carcass and said tread portion, a breaker (9) composed of multiple-layers of belts (5,6,7,8,8') each composed of steel cords, characterised in that the angle of the steel cords (a) constituting the outermost layer belt (8') of said breaker (9) to the equatorial direction (S) of the tyre is in the range of 70 to 110 . 2) A tyre as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said steel cords (a) constituting said outermost layer belt (8') are arranged at right angles or at substantially right angles to the equatorial direction of the tyre.

Inventors: IUCHI, MUNENORI
Applicants: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Application year: 1980
Main classification: B60C9
IPC codes: B60C9