LAMINATED SHEET CONTAINING A BITUMINOUS SLIP LAYER, AND PROCESS FOR MAKING A ROLL THEREOF

Abstract: A laminated sheet containing a bituminous slip layer to reduce the negative friction force acting on the outer surface of a pile or other underground structure, characterized in that one surface of said slip layer is provide with a heat-resistant layer and the other surface is provided with a water-absorbing release layer, an adhesive layer being present between the slip layer and the water-absorbing release layer, a roll of this sheet and the manufacture of this roll.

Description: A LAMINATED SHEET CONTAINING A BITUMINCUS SLIP LAXER The present invention relates to a laminated sheet containing a bituminous slip layer, which sheet is of the laminated type and can be used to form a slip layer in situ on the outer surface of a pile or other underground structural member to be set in the ground, whereby the negative friction on the pile or other structural member is decreased. When a pile (or other underground structural member) is driven into the ground which is still in the settling process, it is desirable to decrease the negative friction on the outer surface of the pile, since this negative friction acts as a down drag force. A known method for decreasing this negative friction is coating the vertical outer wall of a pile or other underground structural member with a bituminous material to form a bituminous slip layer. For example, as far as the driven piles are concerned, before driving the piles are coated with molten bitumen in a factory while the piles are horizontally placed. Since underground temperatures are often at most 30 C, it is desirable to employ a bituminous material having a softening point of 65 to 750C C and a penetration of 40 to 60 dmm (250C). The thickness of a bituminous slip layer should be at least 3 mm and no reinforcement is used. However, when a melt of the above-mentioned low temperature-melting bituminous material is coated on a vertical wall of a structural member, a sagging or dropping of the coated bituminous material will often occur, so that it will be very difficult to form a uniform bituminous layer having a predetermined thickness. Moreover, after the bituminous slip layer has been formed on the structural member, a sagging of the coating might occur in the sunlight. To avoid such troubles, a bituminous material can be formed into a laminated sheet having a desired thickness. A known laminated slip layer sheet comprises a bituminous slip layer and a heat-resistant paper on it, only the outside of this paper being coated with a releasing agent for unwinding purposes, the non-release surface of the paper being tightly bonded to the bituminous slip layer and the other side of the bituminous slip layer being uncoated. In such a known sheet, a sagging of the bituminous material is often observed during the storage of the sheet. Furthermore, before the sheet is applied to the outer surface of a structural member, an adhesive must be coated not only on the outer surface of the structural member but also on the sheet in order to form a strong bond between the structural member and the sheet. According to the present invention a novel slip layer sheet is provided which can be easily and economically manufactured and applied on site and which contains an adhesive layer, so that on site a strong bond with the structural member is easily obtained. Such a sheet can be manufactured by coating a heatresistant layer with a bituminous slip layer (or applying the heat-resistant layer to the bituminous slip layer) and coating the uncoated side of the slip layer with an adhesive layer and then with a release layer. According to the present invention the adhesive is economically provided as an aqueous emulsion of a suitable adhesive. After evaporation of the water the sheet is wound on a cylinder while a release layer, preferably paper, is sticked on the adhesive layer. However, it takes several minutes for the water to evaporate, which reduces the production efficiency. According to the invention this problem can be solved by using a water-absorbing release layer, preferably a waterabsorbing release paper. This layer can be applied before the water has evaporated. Moreover, by preparing the rolled sheet in this way the formation of wrinkles, which often is a problem, is avoided Thus, this invention relates to a laminated sheet containing a bituminous slip layer to reduce the negative friction force acting on the outer surface of a pile or other underground structure, characterized in that one surface of said slip layer is provided with a heat-resistant layer and the other surface is provided with a water-absorbing release layer, an adhesive layer being present between the slip layer and the water-absorbing release layer, as well as to a roll of this sheet. The invention further relates to a process for manufacturing this roll, wherein a bituminous slip layer is formed on a heatresistant layer, or a heat-resistant layer is applied to a bituminous slip layer, a water-absorbing release layer or the other side of the bituminous slip layer is coated with an aqueous emulsion of an adhesive and winding the bituminous slip layer on a cylinder while the release layer is sticked on said other side of the bituminous slip layer. The water-absorbing release layer can be prepared by coating a strong paper with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and, after drying, applying a releasing agent, such as a silicone, on the coating. This release paper absorbs the moisture in the emulsion of the adhesive. Its water absorption 2 capacity is, e.g., about 80 g/m , which is sufficient to form the adhesive layer without evaporation of the water of the emulsion of the adhesive. The emulsion of the adhesive is suitably an aqueous emulsion of an acrylic acid ester copolymer. The present laminated slip layer sheets can also be manufactured by forming a bituminous slip layer on a heat-resistant layer, coating the water-absorbing release layer with the adhesive emulsion, if necessary drying with e.g. hot air, and attaching the release layer with the adhesive layer to the slip layer under pressure to transfer the adhesive layer to the slip layer. The heat-resistant layer is preferably a heat-resistant paper, e.g. a strong kraft paper, but e.g. polypropylene film, polyester film, metal foil, such as aluminium foil, or a paper laminated with polypropylene, polyester or metal foil, and having improved water proofness, can also be used. The heat-resistant layer makes it possible to wind the bituminous slip layer on a reel and furthermore prevents the intrusion of soil and sand into the slip layer formed on the structural member. Advantageously the outside of the heatresistant layer is coated with a releasing agent for unrolling purposes. It is also possible to employ a water-absorbing release layer, the both surfaces of which have been coated with a releasing agent. Furthermore, according to the invention, it is possible to apply two or more pieces of the slip layer sheet onto the outer surface of a structural member, whereby a relatively thick slip layer, having a predetermined thickness, can be formed on the structural member. The thickness of the bituminous layer is rather large, e.g. 3-15 mm. So, if the both surfaces of the bituminous layer are covered with a paper which has a great resistance to dimensional change, and if the resulting laminated sheet is thereafter wound on a reel, then there will be a virtual difference in the circumferential length between the outer portion and the inner portion of the wound sheet, so that several wrinkles might be formed on the inner portion of the sheet. The formation of such wrinkles are avoided if the inner layer (i.e. the water-absorbing release paper) is applied to the bituminous layer while the resulting laminated sheet is being wound on a reel. The use of the water-absorbing layer making the winding process highly efficient as explained hereinabove. The laminated sheet thus wound on a reel is very suitable for transportation and storage. In the laminated sheet having the form of a roll, one surface of the bituminous layer is tightly adhered to the heat-resistant paper, and another surface of the bituminous layer is adhered via the adhesive layer to the release layer, so that no air is entrained on the both surfaces of the bituminous layer and therefore there could be no uneven areas on the surfaces cf the bituminous layer. In practice it is preferred to coat an adhesive emulsion, e.g. an acrylic acid ester copolymer emulsion on a vertical wall of the structural member before the laminated sheet is applied to the vertical wall. For this purpose it is also possible to use an adhesive, e.g. an acrylic adhesive in a solvent, or e.g. a rubber/bitumen type adhesive. After the vertical wall has been coated with the adhesive emulsion, the water-absorbing release layer is removed from the laminated sheet, and said sheet is applied to the vertical wall of the structural member under pressure in such a manner that the adhesive layer of the sheet is brought into contact with the vertical wall, whereby the sheet is tightly bonded to the vertical wall. By employing a laminated sheet according to the invention, it is possible to form perfectly and economically a slip layer having a uniform thickness on a vertical wall of a structural member (which is to be set under the ground). The bonding strength of the slip layer to the vertical wall surface is very good. If a laminated sheet according to the invention has a strong heat-resistant paper having a water-proof plastic resin film adhered thereto, and if the laminated sheet of this type is applied to a structural member to be set under the ground, it will be observed that the heat-resistant paper, which is present on the surface of the laminated sheet, will contact with soil and will effectively prevent the intrusion of soil particles into the inner portion of the laminated sheet. These technical advantages cannot be obtained if use is made of known slip layers, which have been formed by applying a molten bituminous material alone on the outer surface of a structural member. A laminated sheet according to the invention has a sandwich structure, wherein a slip layer lies between a heat-resistant layer and a release layer. So, any undesirable dimensional change of the laminated sheet does not occur during the storage thereof. The heat-resistant paper preferably has a light colour and therefore does not absorb a large amount of sun-rays. So, even if applying a laminated sheet according to the invention to a structural member is carried out at a place exposed to the sunshine, any substantial sagging of the bituminous material component of the sheet does not occur.

Claims: CLAIMS 1. A laminated sheet containing a bituminous slip layer to reduce the negative friction force acting on the outer surface of a pile or other underground structure, characterized in that one surface of said slip layer is provided with a heatresistant layer and the other surface is provided with a water-absorbing release layer, an adhesive layer being present between the slip layer and the water-absorbing release layer. 2. A sheet according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant layer is a heat-resistant paper. 3. A sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outside of the heat-resistant layer is coated with a releasing agent. h. A sheet according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the water-absorbing release layer is prepared by coating paper with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. 5. A sheet according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the adhesive layer is formed by applying an aqueous emulsion of an adhesive to the other surface of the bituminous slip layer or to the release layer. 6. A sheet according to claim 5, wherein the adhesive is an acrylic acid ester copolymer. 7. A sheet according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described. 8. A roll of a sheet according to any one of claims 1-7. 9. A process for manufacturing a roll according to claim 8, wherein a bituminous slip layer is formed on a heat-resistant layer, or a heat-resistant layer is applied to a bituminous slip layer, a water-absorbing release layer or toe other side of the bituminous slip layer is coated with an aqueous emulsion of an adhesive and winding the bituminous slip layer on a cylinder while the release layer is sticked on said other side of the bituminous slip layer.

Inventors: SAKAI, TOSHIO, URABE, ISABURO
Applicants: SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V.
Application year: 1980
Main classification: B32B11
IPC codes: B32B11, E02D5, E02D31, C09J7