MATTRESSES

Abstract: A mattress having at least one fluid-tight envelope enclosing a cellular structure whose individual cell volume is relatively-large (typically from 120 to 20,000 cm³), adjacent cells communicating with one another by means of perforations permitting a limited rate of flow of fluid between the cells. Typically the fluid is air which inflates the envelope to 10-50 KPa above atmospheric pressure. Preferably a mattress cover fits around a plurality of generally elongate cores, each core constituting a said gas-tight envelope. Typically six generally parallel-extending cores are employed for a standard double-size mattress and four for a single mattress. The envelopes may be fitted with air-valves to enable inflation to be conducted conveniently in the home. Different cores may be inflated to different pressures in accordance with comfort.

Description: rattresses II This invention relates to mattresses, and particularly to those where the support for a body is provided by a lowpressure fluid rather than by springs. It has long been accepted that spinal posture in sleep is important in relation to the incidence of pain over the whole length of the spine. The sagging springs of the Victorian era, coupled with over-soft mattresses, produced a hammock-like effect, thoroughly bad for the human spine. Largely as a reaction to this, the so-called orthopaedic bed was evolved, seeking in the main to provide a more or less flat base with a relatively firm mattress, the antithesis of the sagging bed of the past. While this is an improvement on the Victorian bed, it does not cater for changes in posture during sleep, this being something almost universally obtaining in man, usually very frequent. Lying supine, the "orthopaedic" bed provides a firm platform, satisfactory from a postural point of view, though not providing uniform support for the body. Lying on either side, the "orthopaedic" bed, by the very nature of its shape and firmness, induces a highly undesirable posture of multiple scoliosis, which if maintained for long periods, may provoke spinal derangement. It is thus clear that the currently accepted concept of the orthopaedic bed is fundamentally unsound, and that what is required is a bed which will automatically change in contour with alterations in posture, while maintaining uniform support for the body. On lying supine, the ideal bed must remain firm and relatively flat, while on turning to either side, a satisfactory post.ure may only be maintained by a relatively mountainous contour in the bed. It is clear that such a facility for radical change of contour is met in the water bed. The chief disadvantages of this are - its. initial cost, its weight, its maintenance, and the excessive, undesirable rapidity of change of shape. The last of these disadvantages could be met by using a fluid very much more viscous than water. This, however, -would remain unsatisfactory on account of the other disadvantages. In accordance with the invention there is provided a mattress having a plurality of fluid-tight envelopes each enclosing a cellular structure, the volume of each cell being relatively-large (as hereinafter defined) and adjacent cells in each envelope communicating with each other by means of perforations in the cell walls, which perforations permit a limited rate of flow of fluid between the cells in each envelope, the envelopes not being in fluid communication with one another. The term "relatively-large" means that the volume of any cell is much larger than the cell volume obtained in foamed plastics materials (often used in cheaper bedding for caravans, boats etc.) but less than the cell volume obtained in the commonly-available air-beds, where one cell typically forms a pillow area and normally about four parallel, longitudinally-extending cells intercommunicating with one another form a body area of the air-bed. It is comtemplated that the individual cell volumes in the mattresses in accordance with this invention will be from 120 cm3 to 20,000 cm3. Preferably the fluid employed in the mattress will be a gas at low pressure, typically air at just 10-50 KPa above atmospheric pressure. Preferably means are provided for inflating the mattress - e.g. through a bicycle wheeltype air valve. In a preferred aspect of the invention the envelopes act as cores fitting into a mattress cover having partitions to provide channels for the cores. The cores are preferably generally elongate in shape and designed to fit into the mattress cover so that the cores extend parallel to one another and from the head to the foot of the mattress. preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described. The mattress consists of a number of air-tight cores each approximately 200 cms X 22 cms x 15 cms. Each core is mainly composed of a cellular structure, each cell being approximately 14 cms x 4 cms x 4 cms. The cell walls include perforations to permit slow movement of air between the cells. The core is provided with a bicycle-wheel-type air valve which opens into an ante-chamber itself communicating with the cells of the core. The core may be made of any appropriate pliable gas-tight material, for instance a plastics-coated fabric. Individual cores are fitted into a mattress cover itself provided with longitudinal partitions providing channels to accommodate one core each. The top and bottom of the cover are padded in the usual way. Six cores are required for a standar-d-size double mattress and four cores for a single mattress. This arrangement meets the requirements of the human spine in repose. It provides uniform support for the body, regardless of posture. It changes shape in order to accommodate changes in posture, automatically, but slowly, thus not producing undesirable "bounce". Its production cost may remain reasonably low. Its maintenance cost is kept relatively low, as the pressures required are very small, and individual cores may be replaced or repaired, rather than the whole mattress. Its weight is low. A further advantage is the ease of adjustment of the mattress to suit persons of widely differing weights; this even being applied to the two sides of a double mattress, so producing a "his and hers" effect. Alterations in firmness of the mattress may be made in the home, if desired, by use of a bicycle pump.

Claims: Claims: 1. A mattress having a plurality of fluid-tight envelopes each enclosing a cellular structure, the volume of each cell being relatively-large (as hereinbefore defined) and adjacent cells in each envelope communicating with each other by means of perforations in the cell walls, which perforations permit a limited rate of flow of fluid between the cells in each envelope, the envelopes not being in fluid communication with one another. 2. A mattress according to claim 1 which comprises a mattress cover fitting around a plurality of cores each individually being one of said fluid-tight envelopes. 3. A mattress according to claim 2 wherein the cores are generally elongate. 4. A mattress according to claim 3 wherein the cores fit into the cover lying generally parallel to one another. 5. A mattress according to any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the volume of each cell is from 120 to 20,000 cm3. 6. A mattress according to any of claims 1 to 5 wherein each fluid-tight envelope includes a gas-valve to enable it to be inflated with gas. 7. A mattress according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein each envelope is provided with a said air-valve which communicates-with an antechamber itself communicating with the said cells.

Inventors: PATERSON, JOHN KIRKPATRICK
Applicants: PATERSON, JOHN KIRKPATRICK
Application year: 1980
Main classification: A47C27
IPC codes: A47C31, A47C27