MEANS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY APPLYING POWDER COATING TO AN ARTICLE

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide a method and the required apparatus to coat articles of any shape and size with a layer of protective coating in an effective, energy-efficient, safe and economical way, omitting the use of electrostatic generators and avoiding contamination of the environment and loss in materials. The coating agent contemplated is powdered plastic which is introduced into a structure (See Figure 3) which is in the form o fa main closed circuit loop (8) in which a blower (7) circulates air carrying coating agent until it has acquired substantial electrostatic charge, which can be increased by the addition in that loop of a section (13) of increasing diameter in the direction of the flow of powder. When the requisite electrostatic charge has been achieved, valves (17), (18), (26) and (27) are opened putting the main loop (8) into communication with branch circuits (16) and (25), which contain articles to be coated (23) and (32). The powder and air flow into those branch circuits and the powder coats the articles (23) and (32) by adhering to them by electrostatic attraction. Any powder that is not used is then returned in the flow of circulating air for reuse. After removing articles (23) and (32) from communication with the loop (8) and heating these articles to melt said powder the process is completed.

Description: MEANS AND METHOD FOR ELECTROSTATICALLY APPLYING POWDER COATING TO AN ARTICLE Description Technical Field My invention relates to the coating of pipes and other articles with a layer of plastic to provide protection from rusting, salt deposition, paraffin deposition, corro¬ sion by chemical agents, etc. and to create a smoothe surface which in the case of pipes can minimize resistance from friction of substances being transported through them, and in the case of other articles can serve a variety of purposes, including aesthetic. In the field at this time, most of such coating is done either by applying liquid coating by spraying or dipping objects and then drying them, or by dry powder coating applied by the fluidized bed or electrostatic methods using high voltage electrostatic generators and spraying nozzles. Background Art Typically, pipes and articles which are to. be so coated must receive even coating on all surfaces. If the are coated by the use of liquid plastic which Is then dried,- they are usually either dipped or sprayed with several layers which takes a lot of time, and neither of which methods yields uniform complete coating. If they are coated by a powder by the fluidized bed or electrostatic methods, the technical problem is how best to get an even layer of powder on all surfaces. To make this economically feasible, a process should consume as little energy as possible, coat as many articles as possible with one run, and waste as little of the coating agent as possible. _ O PI λ, W1PO . k The prior art includes several patents which achieved certain but not all of the desired results, and which were not as energy-efficient or vers-atile as my invention. Figure among my drawings represents a generally known and commonly 'used embodiment of the prior art, although the various patents I cite as examples may not each incorporate all of its features. German Patent No. 1910487 uses dry powder to coat objects which are suspended in a working chamber and sprayed with powder by an electrostatic gun, the powder being transported from location to location by four blowers, with unused powder recovered by two precipitators. U.S. Patent No. 3918401 applies powder coating to pipes by charging the particles of powder by means of an electrostatic generator and then, by means of blowers, directing the charged particles at the object to be coated. This process is repeated from beginning to end for each object to be coated. If more than one object is to be coated, working parts must be duplicated for simultaneous operation to the extent that it would be just as practical to operate several apparati, each coating one object at a time, side by side. U.S. Patent No. 3976031 allso applies powder coating to objects by the electrostatic method. The powder is propelled into the vicinity of the object to be coated by a fan, and is at that point charged by a generator, so that it coats the part of the object expose to the powder. U.S. Patent No. 3982050 teaches coating objects with powder, which must be used at high levels of concentration upon pre-heated objects. The possibilities of this patent are only for coating the inner surfaces of pipes of small diameter. U.S. Patent No. 3946125 is also a method of coating the inner surfaces of metal pipes, and is used for one pipe at a time per unit; this patent teaches heating the pipe, then introducing the powder so that it fuses to the surface it touches. _ OMPI < WiPO Disclosure of Invention In accordance with the present invention, I provide an apparatus comprising a main closed circuit which may have branches in series or in parallel in which the articles to be coated are placed. Plastic powder is introduced into the main circuit and is circulated and accelerated to a high speed by a fan, whereby it acquires a high electrostatic charge. When the working chambers (the branches containing the articles to be coated) are placed in communication. ith the main circuit by opening valves, the charged particles thereupon flow through the branch circuits and cling to the articles to be coated. When the desired thickness of coating has been achieved, the branches are cut off from the main circuit by closing valves and the coated articles can then be heated to cure the coating. No static generator is used. My apparatus possesses the advantage over the prior art devices in that it eliminates the necessity for using costly electrostatic generators. And because the process can take place in an enclosed structure, there need be no loss of the coating agent and no contamination of the surrounding atmosphere, ' which is a distinct improvement over certain prior art devices in which coating had to take place in a booth. Another advantage of my invention is that all surfaces of articles of any size and shape may be evenly coated with a desired thick¬ ness of coating without rotating or moving those articles or repeating the process over and over. Brief Description. of the Drawings. The details of my invention will be described in connec¬ tion with the accompanying drawings ' . Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view showing an example of the prior art apparati for applying electrostatic- ally charged particles of coating to an article. It does not represent any one of the cited prior art patents but rather a general design employing the art they teach. Figure 2 is a schematic " elevational view showing a first embodiment of the invention in which coating takes place in a booth or open space. Figure 3 is a schematic plan showing a second embodi¬ ment of the invention in which coating takes place in closed branches. Figure 4 is a schematic plan showing a third embodi- ment of the invention which. provides a universal fixture to allow pipes of different diameters to be placed into circuit branches for coating of their inner surfaces. Figure 5 is a schematic plan showing another type. of universal fixture allowing pipes of different diameters and lengths to be placed into branch circuits for coating of their inner surfaces. Best Mode for Carrying Out Invention In accordance with Figure 2, air blower or fan 1_ is stationed in a circuit which is the acceleration conduit 2___ An optional wide section 3_ is positioned in the path of particles being blown from the fan, and by its shape, to wit, tapered outwardly in the direction of the flow of particles, it increases the turbulence of particles in the flow of air and therefore builds higher electrostatic charge. A branch conduit 4_ communicates with a combination valve and spray nozzle 5_. During operation, a quantity of powder is introduced into the conduit 2_ and with the valve 5_ in closed position, the blower is operated to continuously cycle the powder at high velocity, whereby upon contacting the inner surface of the conduit 2_ and among themselves the parti acquire a ,high electrostatic charge in the absence of any mechanical charging means. When sufficient charge has been accumulated, the valve 5_ is opened and the powder is allowed to travel to the vicinity of the article 6. This _ OMPI structure eliminates the necessity of the presence of a powder tank with mechanical agitator and a costly electro¬ static generator 7_8 (See Figure 1). As in the prior art device shown in Figure 1, my apparatus in Figure 2 is used in conjunction with a spray booth or similar enclosure to reduce pollution and coating agent losses. Therefore my invention as demonstrated by this Figure 2 configuration teaches the basic invention of the main closed circuit providing a stream of electrostatically charged particles, which have been charged merely circulating them by means of a blower, said stream of charged particles thereupon efficiently and thoroughly coating an article with an even layer of film. To completely eliminate coating agent losses and pollution of the surrounding area, a coated article is placed in a branch circuit conduit. Figure 3 is a schematic plan showing a plurality of such branch circuit conduits. This embodiment includes a blower element 1_, a main conduit element 8_ including members , 10_, LI and 2; an optional wide section 1_3 tapering outwardly in the direction of flow of the particles to increase turbulence and cause the electrostatic charge to build up more readily. The main conduit 8_ also includes valves 1_4_ and 1^_ for flexibility in putting branch circuits into communication . with the main circuit and regulation of gas flow in the branch circuits. The conduit 8 selectively communicates with a first branch circuit _16 including valves ±J_ and 18_ and members 1£, 2JD and 2_1. Member 21_ includes a selectively openable chamber 22_ retaining an article to be coated 23_, said article having an optional suitable grounding connection _24.. A second branch 2j> selectively communicates with the main conduit 8_ and branch circuits, and includes two valves 2^6 and 2J7 and members 28_, 29. and 30_« Member 3_0 has an openable chamber 31_ enclosing a second article to be coated _2__, said article having an optional ground connection 33. A third branch 34 selectively communicates with the main conduit 8 and branch circuits, includes two valves ^35 and 36 and members 3_7, 3_8_ and 3_9. Member 3_£ has an openable chamber 4O enclosing an article or articles 4_1 for coating, the -article(s) having an optional grounding connection _4_2. A fourth branch circuit 4_3 selectively communicates with the main conduit 8_, and branch circuits, and includes two valves 44 and _^5_ and members 4_6, 4_ and _48. Member 47 has an openable chamber 4_9 enclosing an article or articles 5J3 for coating, the article(s) having an optional grounding connec- tion jl. In the operation of this embodiment, the branch circuits 1-6, 2^, 3_4 and _43 are used selectively either in series or in parallel, or in combination, depending on different conditions and the coating quality requirements. Operation in Series After sufficient charge in the plastic powder has built up in the main conduit 8_ while valves 14_ and 2J5 are open and the other valves are closed, due to the powder's circulation by the blower _- the valves 3_6, 3J5 and 1J3 are opened and remai open until the articles 4JL and ^3 have acquired coating of the desired thickness. By throttling valves 3_6_ and 1_4, the required powder concentration is obtained. The valves 3_6 and 18 are then closed and the articles _4l_ and 2_3_ are heated to effect curing of the powder deposited, using suitable means (not shown) such as inductive heater or the like. Operation in Parallel While the branch circuits 16_ and 3_4 are cut off from the main conduit 8_, valves ^6_, 27, 44_ and _45 are opened, and without discontinuing operation of the blower J_, the articles 3_2 and !50 may be coated and the deposited powder cured in a similar manner after the alves 6_, 27_, 4_4 and 45 are closed. ' BURE Operation in Combination While plastic powder is circulating inside the main circuit 8_, all valves are opened and all articles are coated simultaneously, some in the parallel working 5 chambers and others in those in series. By throttling certain valves, each article can be coated at the optimum flow rate and powder concentration. Referring to Figure 4, a universal fixture construct- 10 ed in accordance with my invention allows pipes of different diameters to be placed into branch circuits for coating their inner surfaces. This embodiment includes a blower element 5_4_, a main circuit element 5_5 including members 56, 57, 58 and 5 _ . The circuit 5_5 also includes a valve 15 60_. The branch circuit 6_1 communicates with the main circuit 55 and includes valves 6_2. and _6_3 and members . 64, 65 66 and 6J_, which are rigid. The universal fixture which com¬ prises two funnel-like members 5_2 and 5_3 which are slidably adjustable on the segments of members 6>6_ and 6 _, two springs 20 6_8 and 6_9 and two flanges which are permanently attached to the members 66. and 6 _ . As seen in Figure 4, a wide ' variety of diameters of pipes can be accommodated by sliding the funnel-like members 5_2 and 5_3 away from each other for purposes of loading, and sliding them together to engage 25 members 5_2_ and 5_3_ with the article _2 prior to commencement of the coating operation. The springs _6_8 and 6_£ insure air-tight connection between the members _52 and 5_3 ■ and the article 72. 30 Referring to Figure 5, another type of universal fixture is shown which allows pipes of different diameters and different lengths to be placed into branch circuits for coating of their inner surfaces. The universal fixture includes two funnel-like members 7_3 and _4 and two or more 35 O PI W1PO > hinged bolts 7_5 and J6_ with nuts which are attached to a member _4. Because the universal fixture is attached to members of a branch circuit which are flexible, a wide variet of pipes, in length and diameter, can be accommodated by ϊ m oving members J_3 and _4. away from each other for purposes of loading, and bringing them together to engage them with the article 77. to be coated, prior to commencement of the coating operation. The hinged bolts and nuts _5. and _6_ provi air tight connection between the members 7_3 and J_4. and the 10 article 77- IJURE OMPI

Claims: CLAIMS 1. Apparatus for electrostatically applying synthetic powder to an object which is to be coated with 5 a film over its entire surface, comprising: a main hollow pipe-like closed circuit conduit; a blower posi¬ tioned in said conduit whereby to create and maintain high speed circulation of the powder coating agent through said conduit to develop high electrostatic charge in the 10. circulating powder; means for introducing the powdered coating agent into said conduit in the vicinity of the blower; a branch conduit which can be put into or removed from communication with said main closed conduit by means of a valve, said branch conduit communicating with 15 the object to be coated. 2. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1, , wherein said branch conduit forms a separate closed circuit loop which includes an openable chamber containing 20 at least one article to be coated, said branch conduit communicating with said main closed conduit by at least two valve means. 3. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 2 wherein a 5 plurality of said article-containing branch conduits are provided, each such branch conduit being in selective communication with said main closed conduit whereby in use at least one article-containing branch conduit may be .utilized in a coating operation while an additional step 0 in the overall operation of the system is performed in the at least one- other article-containing branch conduit. 4. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 further characterized by said branch conduit composed of valve 5 means, flexible members and universal fixture; and forming a separate closed circuit -when said universal fixture O PI v communicates with a pipe to be coated; said universal fixture being composed of . two funnel-like members which are attached to said flexible branch conduit members and two or more hinged bolts with nuts in combination with said funnel-like members, and said funnel-like members having their wider ends toward each other and their inner surfaces laminated with rubber-like material; said universal fixture serving to engage said branch conduit and said pipe of variable sizes for purposes of coating the inside surface of said pipe; said pipe's maximum ultimate diameter defined by the widest diameter of the said funnel-like members and said pipe's minimum ultimate diameter defined by the diameter of the hollow flexible members of the said branch conduit. 5. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 further characterized by said branch conduit composed of valve means, rigid members and universal fixture, and forming a separate closed circuit when said universal fixture communicates with a pipe of variable length and diameter; said universal fixture being composed of two funnel-like members positioned with their wider ends toward each othe and being slidably adjustable on the segments of said branch conduit and their inner surfaces laminated with a rubber-like material, and two flanges which are permanent ly attached to the segments of said branch conduit,and two springs located between said flanges and said funnel¬ like members; said universal fixture serving to engage said branch conduit and said pipe of variable size for purposes of coating the inside surface of said pipe; said pipe's widest ultimate diameter defined by the widest diameter of the said funnel-like members and said pipe's smallest ultimate diameter defined by the diameter of the hollow rigid members of the said branch conduit. 6. Apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 further characterized by a slanting conical or telescoping seg¬ mented section, increasing in diameter in the direction of flow of the particles, located in the main closed circuit loop for the purpose of increasing turbulence in the powder particles and thereby increasing the intensity of electrostatic charge imparted to said powder particles. 7. Apparatus as in Claim 1 further characterized by means to electrically ground said article to be coated. 8. Apparatus as in Claim 2 further characterized by means, in combination with the branch conduit, to electrically ground said article to be coated. 9. Apparatus as in Claim 3 further characterized by means, in combination with the branch conduits, to electrically ground said .articles to be coated. 10. Apparatus as in Claim 4 further characterized by means to electrically ground said pipe to be coated. 11. Apparatus as in Claim 5 further character¬ ized by means to electrically ground said pipe to be coated. 12. Apparatus as in Claim 2 further characterized by heater means, in combination with said branch conduit, to heat said article in order to cure said coating after application. 13. Apparatus as in Claim 3 further characterized by heater means, in combination with said branch conduits, to heat said articles in order to cure said coatings after application. iU RE^ O PI 14. Apparatus as in Claim 4 further characterize by heater means to heat said pipe in order to cure said coating after application. 15. Apparatus as in Claim 5 further character¬ ized by heater means to heat said pipe in order to cure said coating after application. 16. Apparatus as in Claim 2 wherein said openabl chamber is maintained in a generally horizontal orienta¬ tion during the coating process. 17. Apparatus as in Claim 3 wherein said openabl chambers are maintained in a generally horizontal orienta¬ tion during the coating process. 18. Apparatus as in Claim 4 wherein said pipe is maintained in a generally. horizontal orientation while being coated. 19. Apparatus as in Claim 5 wherein said pipe is maintained in a generally horizontal orientation while being coated. 20. Method for coating an article with a film of powdered coating agent comprising: a. Introducing a supply of the desired synthetic powdered coating agent Into a closed circuit conduit which is communicating with a branch conduit by means of a valve, said closed .circuit conduit containing a blower; b. Positioning an article to be coated in front of said branch conduit; c. Isolating said closed circuit conduit from said branch conduit by means of said valve; d. Imparting electrostatic charge to said synthetic powdered coating agent by circulating said powder within said closed circuit conduit by means of the blower for a period of time and at such velocity so as to impart to the said powdered coating agent the optimum electrostatic charge; e. Placing said branch conduit in communica¬ tion with said closed circuit conduit by means of opening said valve while said powdered coating agent continues to circulate inside said closed circuit conduit, and directing part of the flow of said electrostatically charged agent toward said object; f. Removing said branch conduit from communication with said closed circuit conduit by means of said valve after said object has acquired a film of the powdered agent in the ' requisite thickness; * g. Applying sufficient heat to said object to melt said powder and thereby cure the film coating. 21. Method in accordance with Claim 20 wherein said object to be coated is positioned inside of an openablechamber which is part of a closed loop branch conduit; said branch conduit communicating with the main closed circuit conduit by means of at least two valves. 22. Method in accordance with Claim 21 employing a plurality of closed loop branch conduits selectively communicating either in series or in parallel or in combination by means of valves with said closed circuit conduit, placing at least one article to be coated in each of said closed loop branch conduits and OMP whereby in use at least one said article-containing branch conduit may be utilized in a coating operation while an additional step in the overall operation of the system is performed in the at least one other said article-containing branch conduit; said branch conduits each comprising its own openable working chamber. 23. Method in accordance with Claim 21 wherein at least one pipe to be coated is utilized as a part of said branch conduit which has been adapted to communi¬ cate with said pipe to form a closed loop conduit during the coating process. 24. Method in accordance with Claim 20 while electrically grounding said article to be coated. 25. Method in accordance with Claim 21 while electrically grounding said article to be coated. 26. Method in accordance with Claim 22 while electrically grounding said articles to be coated. 27. Method in accordance with Claim 23 while electrically grounding said pipe to be coated. 28. Method in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said article is heated to cure said coating after application, by heater means in combination with said branch conduit. 29. Method in accordance with Claim 22 wherein said articles are heated to cure said coatings after application, by heater means in combination with said branch conduits. O 30. Method in accordance with Claim 23 wherein said pipe is heated to cure said coating after applica¬ tion. 31. Method in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said openable working chamber is maintained in a generally horizontal orientation while the coating process takes place. 32. Method in accordance with Claim 22 wherein said openable working chambers are maintained in a generally horizontal orientation while the coating process takes place. 33. Method in accordance with Claim 23 wherein said pipe is maintained in a generally horizontal orientation while being coated. 34. Method in accordance with Claim 20 wherein increased electrostatic charge is readily imparted to the powdered coating agent by using a conical or telescopic element in the closed circuit conduit, said conical or telescopic element increasing in diameter in the direction of flow of the.powdered agent. 1TURE4 £}

Inventors: ETLIN V
Applicants: ETLIN V
Application year: 1979
Main classification: B05B5
IPC codes: B05B5, B05B7, B05B15