Historical capitals of China
Chronology
Table:
Dynasty / Government
Capital
Period
Notes

Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
Nüwa

Youchao

Suiren

Zhurong

Fuxi
Chen
陳
c. 2852–2737 BC

Shennong / Yan Emperor
Lu
魯
c. 2737–2699 BC

Yellow Emperor
Xuanyuan
軒轅
c. 2699–2588 BC

Taihao
Wanqiu
宛丘

Shaohao
Qiongsang
窮桑
c. 2587–2491 BC

Gonggong

Zhuanxu
Gaoyang
高陽
c. 2490 BC – 25th century BC

Diqiu
帝丘
c. 25th century BC – 2413 BC

Ku
Diqiu
帝丘
c. 2412 BC – 24th century BC

Bo
亳
c. 24th century BC – 2343 BC

Zhi
Qinghua
清化
c. 2343–2333 BC

Yao
Pingyang
平陽
c. 2333–2234 BC

Shun
Puban
蒲坂
c. 2233–2184 BC

Xia dynasty
Daxia
大夏
Gun

Song
崇

Yangcheng
陽城
Yu[2]

Yangzhai
陽翟
Yu, Qi, Taikang

Chu
鉏
Hou Yi

Qiongshi
窮石
Hou Yi, Hanzhuo

Zhen
斟
Taikang, Zhongkang

Diqiu
帝丘
Xiang, Shaokang

Yuan
原
Zhu

Laoqiu
老丘
Zhu to Jiong

Xihe
西河
Jin to Fa

Zhen
斟
Jie

Henan
河南
Jie[3]

Shang dynasty
Bo
亳
Tang[3]

Fan
蕃
Xie

Dishi
砥石
Zhaoming

Shang
商
Zhaoming

Shangqiu
商邱
Xiangtu

Foot of Mount Tai
泰山麓
Xiangtu

Shangqiu
商邱
Xiangtu

Yin
殷
Shanghou

Shangqiu
商邱
Yinhou

Bo
"西"亳
Tang

Xiao
囂
Zhongding

Xiang
相
Hedanjia

Xing
邢
Zuyi

Bi
庇
Zuyi

Yan
奄
Nangeng

Yin
殷
Pangeng

Zhou dynasty

Western Zhou dynasty
Zongzhou
宗周
1046 BC – 771 BC
Western capital

Chengzhou
成周
1046 BC – 771 BC
Eastern capital

Eastern Zhou dynasty
Chengzhou
成周
770 BC – 367 BC

Henan
河南
367 BC – 256 BC
capital of the Western Zhou State

Gong
鞏
367 BC – 249 BC
capital of the Eastern Zhou State

Qin dynasty
Xiquanqiu
西犬丘

Pingyang
平陽
– 677 BC

Yong
雍
677 BC –

Jingyang
涇陽
– 383 BC

Yueyang
櫟陽
383 BC – 250 BC

Xianyang
咸陽
350 BC – 207 BC

Han dynasty
Western Han dynasty
Luoyang
雒陽
202 BC

Yueyang
櫟陽
202 BC – 200 BC

Chang'an
長安
200 BC – 8 BC

Xin dynasty
Chang'an
長安
AD 8–23

Han dynasty
Eastern Han dynasty
Luoyang
雒陽
AD 25–190

Chang'an
長安
191–195

Xu
許
196–220

Three Kingdoms period
Cao Wei
Luoyang
洛陽
220–265

Shu Han
Chengdu
成都
221–263

Eastern Wu
Jianye
建業
227–279

Jin dynasty
Western Jin dynasty
Luoyang
洛陽
265–313

Chang'an
長安
313–316

Eastern Jin dynasty
Jiankang
建康
317–420

Northern dynasties
Northern Wei
Pingcheng
平城
386–493

Luoyang
洛陽
493–534

Ye
鄴
534–550
capital of Eastern Wei

Chang'an
長安
535–557
capital of Western Wei

Northern Qi
Ye
鄴
550–577

Northern Zhou
Chang'an
長安
557–581

Southern dynasties
Liu Song dynasty
Jiankang
建康
420–479

Southern Qi
Jiankang
建康
479–502

Liang dynasty
Jiankang
建康
502–557

Chen dynasty
Jiankang
建康
557–589

Sui dynasty
Dongdu
東都
581–618

Daxing
大興
581–618
auxiliary capital

Tang dynasty
Chang'an
長安
618–690

Luoyang
洛陽
657–690
auxiliary capital

Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty
Luoyang
洛陽
690–705

Tang dynasty
Chang'an
長安
705–904

Luoyang
洛陽
705–736
auxiliary capital

Luoyang
洛陽
904–907

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

Later Liang
Dongdu
東都
907–923

Later Tang
Dongdu
東都
923–936

Later Jin
Dongjing
東京
936–947

Later Han
Dongjing
東京
947–950

Later Zhou
Dongjing
東京
951–960

Song dynasty
Northern Song dynasty
Dongjing
東京
960–1127

Southern Song dynasty
Nanjing
南京
1127–1129

After the fall of Dongjing, Zhao Gou declares himself Emperor Gaozong in Henan

Yangzhou
楊州
1129–1130
Flight of Emperor Gaozong during the Jin invasion of the Yangtze Delta in 1129–1130.

Zhenjiang
鎮江

Lin'an
臨安

Yuezhou
越州

Mingzhou
明州

Dinghai
定海

Off the coast Taizhou, Wenzhou
"海上朝廷"

Zhang'an
章安

Yuezhou
越州

Lin'an
臨安
1130–1276
Song court settles in Lin'an for 146 years

Fuzhou
福州
1276–1277
Flight of Emperor Duanzong along the southeast coast following the fall of Lin'an in 1276.

Guangzhou
廣州
1277–1278

Guanfuchang
官富場
1278

Gangzhou
碙州
Emperor Bingzong succeeds Duanzong on Lantau Island in modern Hong Kong

Yashan
涯山
1278–1279
Song court makes last stand off the coast of Yashan

Liao dynasty
Shangjing
上京
907–1120

Nanjing
南京
1122–1123

Tokmok
虎思斡耳朵
1134–1218

Jin dynasty
Shangjing
上京
1115–1153

Zhongdu
中都
1153–1214

Nanjing
南京
1214–1234

Western Xia
Xingqing
興慶
1038–1227

Yuan dynasty

Shangdu
上都
May 1264 – 1267

Dadu
大都
1267[4] – August 1368

Shangdu
上都
August 1368 – 1369

Ming dynasty
Nanjing
南京
23 January 1368 – 2 February 1421

Beijing
北京
2 February 1421 – 25 April 1644

Nanjing
南京
1644 – 1645

Fuzhou
福州
1645 – 1646

Zhaoqing
肇慶
1646 – 25 April 1662

Later Jin
Feiala
費阿拉
1587–1603

Hetuala
赫圖阿拉
1603–1619

Jiefan
界凡
1619 – September 1620

Sarhu
薩爾滸
September 1620 – April 1621

Dongjing
東京
April 1621 – 11 April 1625

Shengjing
盛京
11 April 1625 – 1636

Qing dynasty
Shengjing
盛京
1636 – 30 October 1644

Beijing
北京
30 October 1644[5] – 12 February 1912[6]

Republic of China
Nanjing
南京
1 January 1912 – 2 April 1912
Provisional Government

Beijing
北京
2 April 1912 – 30 May 1928
Beiyang government[6]

Fengtian
奉天
30 May 1928 – 29 December 1928
Beiyang government

Guangzhou
廣州
1 July 1925 – 21 February 1927
Guangzhou Nationalist Government

Wuhan
武漢
21 February 1927 – 19 August 1927
Wuhan Nationalist Government[7]

Nanjing
南京
18 April 1927 – 20 November 1937
the Nanjing decade[6]

Luoyang
洛陽
29 Jan 1932 – 1 December 1932

Beijing
北平
9 September 1930 – 23 September 1930
Beiping Nationalist Government

Taiyuan
太原
23 September 1930 – 4 November 1930
Beiping Nationalist Government

Guangzhou
廣州
28 May 1931 – 22 December 1931
Guangzhou Nationalist Government

Chongqing
重慶
21 November 1937 – 5 May 1946
during the Second Sino-Japanese War[6]

Nanjing
南京
30 March 1940 – 10 August 1945
Wang Jingwei Government

Nanjing
南京
5 May 1946 – 1 May 1991
From 23 April 1949 to 1 May 1991, Nanjing was the claimed capital of the Republic of China

Guangzhou
廣州
23 April 1949 – 14 October 1949
during the Chinese Civil War

Chongqing
重慶
14 October 1949 – 30 November 1949
during the Chinese Civil War

Chengdu
成都
30 November 1949 – 27 December 1949
during the Chinese Civil War

Xichang
西昌
27 December 1949 – 27 March 1950
during the Chinese Civil War

Taipei
台北
10 December 1949 – Present
Provisional capital

People's Republic of China
Beijing
北京
1 October 1949 – Present

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