List of parasites of humans
Roundworms
Table:
Common name of organism or disease

Latin name (sorted)

Body parts affected

Diagnostic specimen

Prevalence

Transmission/Vector

Ancylostomiasis/Hookworm

Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

lungs, small intestine, blood

stool

common in tropical, warm, moist climates

penetration of skin by L3 larva

Angiostrongyliasis

Angiostrongylus costaricensis

intestine

stool

ingestion of infected faeces or infected slugs

Anisakiasis[12]

Anisakis

allergic reaction

biopsy

incidental host

ingestion of raw fish, squid, cuttlefish, octopus

Roundworm – Parasitic pneumonia

Ascaris sp. Ascaris lumbricoides

Intestines, liver, appendix, pancreas, lungs, Löffler's syndrome

stool

common in tropical and subtropical regions

Roundworm – Baylisascariasis

Baylisascaris procyonis

Intestines, liver, lungs, brain, eye

rare: North America

stool from raccoons

Roundworm-lymphatic filariasis

Brugia malayi, Brugia timori

lymph nodes

blood samples

tropical regions of Asia

arthropods

Dioctophyme renalis infection

Dioctophyme renale

kidneys (typically the right)

urine

rare

ingestion of undercooked or raw freshwater fish

Guinea worm – Dracunculiasis

Dracunculus medinensis

subcutaneous tissues, muscle

skin blister/ulcer

South Sudan (eradication ongoing)

Pinworm – Enterobiasis

Enterobius vermicularis, Enterobius gregorii

intestines, anus

stool; tape test around anus

widespread; temperate regions

Gnathostomiasis[13]

Gnathostoma spinigerum, Gnathostoma hispidum

subcutaneous tissues (under the skin)

physical examination

rare – Southeast Asia

ingestion of raw or undercooked meat (e.g., freshwater fish, chicken, snails, frogs, pigs) or contaminated water

Halicephalobiasis

Halicephalobus gingivalis

brain

soil-contaminated wounds

Loa loa filariasis, Calabar swellings

Loa loa filaria

connective tissue, lungs, eye

blood (Giemsa, haematoxylin, eosin stain)

rain forest of West Africa – 12–13 million people

Tabanidae – horsefly, bites in the day

Mansonelliasis, filariasis

Mansonella streptocerca

subcutaneous layer of skin

insect

River blindness, onchocerciasis

Onchocerca volvulus

skin, eye, tissue

bloodless skin snip

Africa, Yemen, Central and South America near cool, fast flowing rivers

Simulium/black fly, bites during the day

Strongyloidiasis – Parasitic pneumonia

Strongyloides stercoralis

intestines, lungs, skin (Larva currens)

stool, blood

skin penetration

Thelaziasis

Thelazia californiensis, Thelazia callipaeda

eyes

ocular examination

Asia, Europe

Amiota (Phortica) variegata, Phortica okadai

Toxocariasis

Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati

liver, brain, eyes (Toxocara canis – visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans)

blood, ocular examination

worldwide distribution

pica, unwashed food contamined with Toxocara eggs, undercooked livers of chicken

Trichinosis

Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella nativa

muscle, periorbital region, small intestine

blood

more common in developing countries due to improved feeding practices in developed countries.

ingestion of undercooked pork

Whipworm

Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris vulpis

large intestine, anus

stool (eggs)

common worldwide

accidental ingestion of eggs in dry goods such as beans, rice, and various grains or soil contaminated with human feces

Elephantiasis – Lymphatic filariasis

Wuchereria bancrofti

lymphatic system

thick blood smears stained with hematoxylin.

tropical and subtropical

mosquito, bites at night

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