List of rulers of Bavaria
Table of rulers
Table:
Ruler
Born
Reign
Death
Ruling part
Consort
Notes

Otto III the Redhead

1117
1180-1183
11 July 1183
Bavaria
Agnes of Loon
1169
eleven children
In 1180 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor gave Bavaria to Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach.

Agnes of Loon
(regent)

1150
1183-1189
1191
Bavaria
Otto III the Redhead
1169
eleven children
Regent on behalf of her son, Louis I. She managed to secure the inheritance of her son.

Louis I the Kelheimer

23 December 1173
1189-1231
15 September 1231
Bavaria
Ludmilla of Bohemia
1204
one child
Son of Otto III. Louis obtained the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214. So Louis I served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was assassinated 1231.

Otto IV the Illustrious

7 April 1206
1231-1253
29 November 1253
Bavaria
Agnes of the Palatinate
1222
Worms
eleven children
Otto IV served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. On Otto IV's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Henry became duke of Lower Bavaria, and Louis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the beginning of the 16th century, the territories were frequently divided between brothers.

Henry XIII

19 November 1235
1253-1290
3 February 1290
Lower Bavaria
Elizabeth of Hungary
1250
ten children
Son of Otto IV. After the partition of 1253, received Lower Bavaria.

Louis II the Strict

13 April 1229
1253-1294
2 February 1294
Upper Bavaria
Maria of Brabant
2 August 1254
(executed)
no children
Anna of Głogów
1260
two children
Matilda of Austria
24 October 1273
four children
Son of Otto IV. After the partition of 1253, received Upper Bavaria.

Otto V

11 February 1261
1290-1312
9 November 1312
Lower Bavaria
Catherine of Austria
January 1279
two children
Anna of Głogów
18 May 1309
two children

Sons of Henry XIII, ruled jointly. In 1305 Otto became also King of Hungary and Croatia, as grandson of Béla IV of Hungary.

Louis III

9 October 1269
1290-1296
9 October 1296
Lower Bavaria
Isabella of Lorraine
1287
no children

Stephen I

14 March 1271
1290-1310
10 December 1310
Lower Bavaria
Judith of Świdnica-Jawor
1299
eight children

Matilda of Austria (regent)

1253
1294-1296
23 December 1304
Upper Bavaria
Louis II the Strict
24 October 1273
four children
Widow of Louis II. Regent on behalf of her sons.

Rudolph I the Stammerer

4 October 1274
1296-1317
12 August 1319
Upper Bavaria
Matilda of Nassau
1 September 1294
Nuremberg
six children

Ruled jointly with his brother Louis IV. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother, who in 1328 was elected Holy Roman Emperor, and in 1340 reunited Bavaria.

Henry XIV the Elder

29 September 1305
1312-1339
1 September 1339
Lower Bavaria
Margaret of Bohemia
12 August 1328
two children

Sons of Stephen I (Henry XIV and Otto VI) and Otto V (Henry XV), ruled jointly.

Otto VI

3 January 1307
1312-1334
14 December 1334
Lower Bavaria
Richardis of Jülich
1330
one child

Henry XV the Natternberger

28 August 1312
1312-1333
18 June 1333
Lower Bavaria
Anna of Austria
between 1326 and 1328
no children

John I the Child

29 November 1329
1339-1340
20 December 1340
Lower Bavaria
Anna of Upper Bavaria
18 April 1339
Munich
no children
Left no male heirs, which allowed his cousin (and brother-in-law) Louis to reunite the Bavarian lands.

Louis IV the Bavarian

5 April 1282

1296-1340

11 October 1347

Upper Bavaria

Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor
14 October 1308
six children
Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut
26 February 1324
Cologne
ten children

Co-ruled with his brother Rudolf I until 1317 — then alone. Louis IV was elected King of Germany in 1314. In the Treaty of Pavia (1329) Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I. After John I the Child's death in 1340, Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy.

1340-1347
Bavaria

Louis V the Brandenburger

May 1315

1347-1349

18 September 1361

Bavaria

Margaret of Denmark
1324
no children
Margaret, Countess of Tyrol
10 February 1342
Meran
four children

The six sons of Louis IV, ruled jointly until 1349, when they divided the land: Louis V, Louis VI and Otto VII kept Upper Bavaria; William, Albert and Stephen Lower Bavaria. In 1351 Louis VI and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria, in excnhange of the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg. Having lost the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1373, Otto returned to Bavaria to claim new inheritance, and shared the part of Stephen II's sons (his nephews) in Landshut.

In Lower Bavaria, the three brothers divided the land again in 1353: Stephen kept Landshut, William and Albert shared Straubing, and from 1389 the two shared Straubing also with Albert I's son, Albert II.

1349-1361
Upper Bavaria

Louis VI the Roman

7 May 1328

1347-1349

17 May 1365

Bavaria

Cunigunde of Poland
before 1349
no children
Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1360
no children

1349-1351
Upper Bavaria

Otto VII the Lazy

1340/42

1347-1349

15 November 1379

Bavaria

Catherine of Bohemia
19 March 1366
no children

1349-1351
Upper Bavaria

1375-1379
Bavaria-Landshut

Stephen II the Representative

1319

1347-1349

13 May 1375

Bavaria

Elisabeth of Sicily
27 June 1328
four children
Margaret of Nuremberg
14 February 1359
three children

1349-1353
Lower Bavaria

1353-1375
Bavaria-Landshut

William I the Mad

12 May 1330

1347-1349

15 April 1389

Bavaria

Matilda of England
1352
London
no children

1349-1353
Lower Bavaria

1353-1389
Bavaria-Straubing

Albert I

25 July 1336

1347-1349

13 December 1404

Bavaria

Margaret of Brzeg
after 19 July 1353
Passau
no children
Margaret of Clèves
1394
Heusden
no children

1349-1353
Lower Bavaria

1353-1404
Bavaria-Straubing

Albert II

1368
1389-1397
21 January 1397
Bavaria-Straubing
Unmarried

Meinhard I

9 February 1344

1361-1363
13 January 1363
Upper Bavaria
Margaret of Austria
4 September 1359
Passau
no children
Left no male descendants. After his death Upper Bavaria was divided between Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing.

Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Landshut (1/2) and Bavaria-Straubing (1/2)

Frederick I the Wise

1339
1375-1393
4 December 1393
Bavaria-Landshut
Anna of Neuffen
1360
one child
Maddalena Visconti
2 September 1381
five children

Ruled jointly. Shared rule, until 1379, with their uncle Otto VII. In 1392 the brothers divided the land once more. Frederick retained Landshut, Stephen kept Ingolstadt and John received Munich.

Stephen III the Magnificent

1337

1375-1392

26 September 1413

Bavaria-Landshut

Taddea Visconti
13 October 1364
two children
Anna of Neuffen
16 January 1401
Cologne
no children

1392-1413
Bavaria-Landshut-Ingolstadt

John II

1341

1375-1392

14 June/1 July 1397

Bavaria-Landshut

Catherine of Gorizia
1372
three children

1392-1397
Bavaria-Landshut-Munich

Henry XVI the Rich

1386
1393-1450
30 July 1450
Bavaria-Landshut
Margaret of Austria
25 November 1412
Landshut
six children
Annexed Ingolstadt in 1445.

Ernest

1373
1397-1438
14 June/1 July 1397
Bavaria-Landshut-Munich
Elisabetta Visconti
26 January 1395
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm
four children

Ruled jointly.

William II

1375
1397-1435
12 September 1435
Bavaria-Landshut-Munich
Unmarried

William III

5 April 1365
1404-1417
31 May 1417
Bavaria-Straubing
Margaret of Burgundy
12 April 1385
Cambrai
one child
Eldest son of Albert I.

Louis VII the Bearded

1368
1413-1443
1 May 1447
Bavaria-Landshut-Ingolstadt
Anne de Bourbon-La Marche
1 October 1402
two children
Catherine of Alençon
1413
two children
Imprisoned by his son, who was allied with Henry XVI. Died in prison.

Jacqueline

15 July 1401
1417-1432
8 October 1436
Bavaria-Straubing
John, Dauphin of France
6 August 1415
The Hague
no children
John IV, Duke of Brabant
10 March 1418
The Hague
(dubious annullment in 1422)
no children
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
7 March 1423
Hadleigh
(secretly; dubious annullment in 1428)
no children
Frank van Borssele
1434
no children
Contested by her uncle, John III In 1432 abdicated of all her titles and lands. Straubing therefore was divided between its neighbours.

John III the Pitiless (opponent)

1374
1417-1425
6 January 1425
Bavaria-Straubing
Elizabeth I, Duchess of Luxembourg
11418
no children
Son of Albert I. Contested Jacqueline until his death 1425.

Definitively annexed by the remaining Bavarian duchies

Albert III

27 March 1401
1438-1460
29 February 1460
Bavaria-Landshut-Munich
Agnes Bernauer
c.1432?
(morganatic)
no children
Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
22 January 1437
Munich
ten children
Son of Ernest.

Louis VIII the Hunchback

1 September 1403
1443-1445
7 April 1445
Bavaria-Landshut-Ingolstadt
Unmarried
After his death Ingolstadt was annexed by Landshut.

Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Landshut

Louis IX the Rich

23 February 1417
1450-1479
18 January 1479
Bavaria-Landshut
Amalia of Saxony
21 March 1452
Landshut
four children

John IV

4 October 1437
1460-1463
18 November 1463
Bavaria-Landshut-Munich
Unmarried

Son of Albert III, ruled jointly with his brothers Sigismund and Albert IV.

Sigismund

26 July 1439

1460-1467

1 February 1501

Bavaria-Landshut-Munich

Unmarried

In 1467, Sigismund created a smaller duchy withits center in Dachau, but left no descendants, and this duchy was merged again in Bavaria-Munich after his death.

1467-1501
Bavaria-Landshut-Munich-Dachau

Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Munich

George I the Rich

15 August 1455
1479-1503
1 December 1503
Bavaria-Landshut
Hedwig of Poland
14 November 1475
Landshut
five children
Left no male descendants at his death. His duchy was annexed to Bavaria-Munich, which reunited the Bavarian duchy.

Albert IV the Wise

15 December 1447

1460-1503

18 March 1508

Bavaria-Landshut-Munich

Kunigunde of Austria
3 January 1487
Munich
seven children

Co-ruled with his brothers John IV and Sigismund. Reunited the duchy in 1503. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture.

1503-1508
Bavaria

William IV the Steadfast

13 November 1493
1508-1550
7 March 1550
Bavaria
Jakobaea of Baden
5 October 1522
Munich
four children

Sons of Albert IV, the last Bavarian pair of brothers ruling together.

Louis X

18 September 1495
1516-1545
22 April 1545
Bavaria
Unmarried

Albert V the Magnanimous

29 February 1528
1503-1508
24 October 1579
Bavaria
Anna of Austria
4 July 1546
Regensburg
seven children
Reunited the duchy in 1503. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture.

William V the Pious

29 September 1548
1579-1597
7 February 1626
Bavaria
Renata of Lorraine
22 February 1568
Munich
ten children

Maximilian I the Great

17 April 1573
1597-1623
27 September 1651
Bavaria
Elisabeth of Lorraine
9 February 1595
Nancy
no children
Maria Anna of Austria
15 July 1635
Vienna
two children
Son of William V. Maximilian I, was an ally of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. When the Elector of the Palatinate, Frederick V, head of a senior branch of the Wittelsbachs, became involved in the war against the Emperor, he was stripped of his Imperial offices and the Prince-elector title. Maximilian I was granted the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1623.

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