List of rulers of Monaco
Rulers of Monaco
Table:
Name
(Birth–Death)

Portrait

Reign start

Reign end

Notes

François Grimaldi
(Died 1309)

8 January 1297

10 April 1301

François Grimaldi was the leader of a group of Genoese Guelphs that seized the Rock of Monaco.

His cousin Rainier was the first Grimaldi ruler of the area now known as Monaco.

Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes
(1267–1314)

Under Genoese-Ghibelline control from 10 April 1301 to 12 September 1331

Lords of Monaco

Charles I
(died 1357)

12 September 1331

August 1357

Son of Rainier I, he retook the Rock from the Genoese.

Won Menton (1346) and Roquebrune (1355).

After 29 June 1352 co-rulership with

Antonio (died 1358), youngest brother of Rainier I

Rainier II (1350–1407), son of Charles I

Gabriel, son of Charles I

Rainier II
(1350–1407)

29 June 1352

15 August 1357

Son of Charles I

Co-ruler since 29 June 1352

Yielded Monaco to the besieging Genoese for 20,000 fl. but retained Menton and Roquebrune.

Under Genoese-Ghibelline control from 15 August 1357 to January 1395

Louis
(died 1402)

January 1395

19 December 1395

Son of Charles I

Ruled jointly with Jean I

Jean I
(1382–1454)

Son of Rainier II

Ruled jointly with Louis

Under Genoese control from 19 December 1395 to 11 May 1397

Louis
(died 1402)

11 May 1397

5 November 1402

Under Genoese control from 5 November 1402 to 5 June 1419

Jean I
(1382–1454)

5 June 1419

8 May 1454

Sons of Rainier II, Jean, Ambroise and Antoine, bought back Monaco from Genoa and ruled it jointly until 1427. After Antoine's death, Jean bought out his brothers in exchange for the rule over Menton and Roquebrune.

Monaco was occupied by the Duchy of Milan under the governorship of Genoese Biagio Assereto from 3 October to November 1436.

On 20 November 1441, Jean gained sovereignty for Monaco.

Jean's testament replaced the Lex Salica with Male-preference primogeniture, thus allowing for female succession.

Ambroise
(died 1433)

1427

Antonie
(died 1427)

Catalan
(died 1457)

8 May 1454

July 1457

Claudine
(c. 1451–1515)

July 1457

16 March 1458

Under the regency of her paternal grandmother Pomellina Fregoso

Abdicated in favour of her cousin Lamberto, whom she married in 1465.

Lamberto
(c. 1420–1494)

16 March 1458

March 1494

Jean II
(1468–1505)

March 1494

11 October 1505

Son of Lamberto and Claudine

Murdered by his brother, Lucien

Lucien
(1487–1523)

11 October 1505

22 August 1523

Son of Lamberto and Claudine

Murdered his brother, Jean II

Murdered by his nephew, Bartholomew Doria of Dolceacqua

Honoré I
(1522–1581)

22 August 1523

7 October 1581

Son of Lucien

During his minority under the regency of

Augustine Grimaldi, bishop of Grasse, 22 August 1523 – 14 April 1532

Nicholas Grimaldi, 14–23 April 1532

Étienne Grimaldi, 23 April 1532 – 16 December 1540

Charles II
(1555–1589)

7 October 1581

17 May 1589

Son of Honoré I

Hercule
(1562–1604)

17 May 1589

29 November 1604

Son of Honoré I

Murdered

Honoré II
(1597–1662)

29 November 1604

10 January 1662

Son of Hercule

Until 1616 under the regency of Prince Francis Landi of Valdetare

Starting in 1612, Honoré II was the first Monegasque ruler to adopt the personal style of Prince, to which the Grimaldi rulers of Monaco were already entitled to through their possession in Italy. Monaco was recognized as a sovereign principality by Philip IV of Spain in 1633 and by Louis XIII of France in the Treaty of Péronne of 1641.

Sovereign Princes of Monaco

Louis I
(1642–1701)

10 January 1662

2 January 1701

Grandson of Honoré II

Antonio I
(1661–1731)

2 January 1701

20 February 1731

Son of Louis I

Louise Hippolyte
(1697–1731)

21 February 1731

29 December 1731

Daughter of Antonio I

Under the regency of her husband, Jacques Goyon de Matignon

Jacques I
(1689–1751)

29 December 1731

7 November 1733

Husband of Louise Hippolyte

Regent for his wife since 21 February 1731

Left the country on 20 May 1732, with his brother-in-law, Antoine Grimaldi acting as regent.

Abdicated on 7 November 1733.

Honoré III
(1720–1795)

7 November 1733

19 January 1793

Son of Jacques I and Louise Hippolyte

Until 28 November 1784 under the regency of his uncle, Antoine Grimaldi.

French occupation (19 January 1793 – 17 May 1814)

National Convention

19 January 1793

24 February 1793

President: Joseph Barriera

Annexed by France

24 February 1793

17 May 1814

Governed by:

Armand Louis de Gontaut, French military commandant 24 February 1793 – 1 March 1793

Henri Grégoire, French commissioner after 1 March 1793

Grégoire Marie Jagot, French commissioner

Allied occupation (17 May – 17 June 1814)

Honoré IV
(1758–1819)

30 May 1814

16 February 1819

Son of Honoré III

Titular prince since 21 March 1795

Under the regency of

Joseph Grimaldi, his brother, 17–23 June 1814

the State Council, 23 June 1814 – 4 March 1819
Members: Louis Millo-Terrazzani, Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise, Antoine Sigaldi, Joseph Rey, Honoré Albini.

Honoré Grimaldi, his son, 3 March 1815 – 16 February 1819

Honoré V
(1778–1841)

16 February 1819

2 October 1841

Son of Honoré IV

Regent for his father since 3 March 1815

Florestan I
(1785–1856)

2 October 1841

20 June 1856

Son of Honoré IV

Charles III
(1818–1889)

20 June 1856

10 September 1889

Son of Florestan I

Albert I
(1848–1922)

10 September 1889

26 June 1922

Son of Charles III

Louis II
(1870–1949)

26 June 1922

9 May 1949

Son of Albert I

Rainier III
(1923–2005)

9 May 1949

6 April 2005

Grandson of Louis II

From 31 March to 6 April 2005 under the regency of his son, Albert

Albert II
(born 1958)

6 April 2005

Incumbent

Son of Rainier III

Regent for his father from 31 March to 6 April 2005

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