Table:
Cases (n = 144)	Controls (n = 280)	p-value
Preoperative characteristics
Gender (male)	93 (64.6 %)	181 (64.6 %)	1.00
Age (years)	70 (43–89)	70 (42–89)	0.81
Parsonnet score	18.3 (0–49.0)	16.5 (0–52.5)	0.28
Renal failurea	22 (15.3 %)	29 (10.4 %)	0.16
Severe peripheral vascular disease	13 (9 %)	17 (6.1 %)	0.32
Cardiogenic shockb	5 (3.5 %)	1 (0.4 %)	0.02
Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump	16 (11.1 %)	10 (3.6 %)	0.004
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasec	10 (6.9 %)	48 (17.1 %)	0.004
Diabetesd	38 (26.4 %)	103 (36.8 %)	0.04
Postoperative characteristics
Peak lactate (mmol/L)	4.6 (3.0–18.0)	2.1 (0.8–2.9)	<0.0001
Peak serum creatinine level (mmol/L)	127 (66–840)	100 (39–1013)	<0.0001
Intra-aortic balloon pump	29 (20.1 %)	14 (5 %)	<0.0001
Computed tomography chest /abdomen	4 (2.8 %)	0	0.01
Return to operating room	22 (15.3 %)	5 (1.8 %)	<0.0001
Cardiogenic shock	9 (6.3 %)	2 (0.7 %)	0.002
Post-operative cardiac hemorrhage	9 (6.3 %)	4 (1.4 %)	0.01
Acute kidney injury (AKIN 1)	68 (50.4 %)	73 (26.8 %)	<0.0001
Ischemic bowel	1 (0.7 %)	0	0.34
Length of ICU admission (days)	3 (1–96)	1 (1–29)	<0.0001
ICU readmission	12 (8.3 %)	13 (4.7 %)	0.13
Mechanical ventilation (days)	0.89 (0.14–75.5)	0.50 (0.09–11.9)	<0.0001
Mortality	15 (10.4 %)	4 (1.4 %)	<0.0001

Parse the following content of the diagram in markdown code: |  | Cases (n = 144) | Controls (n = 280) | p-value | 
 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 
 | Preoperative characteristics |  |  |  | 
 | Gender (male) | 93 (64.6 %) | 181 (64.6 %) | 1.00 | 
 | Age (years) | 70 (43–89) | 70 (42–89) | 0.81 | 
 | Parsonnet score | 18.3 (0–49.0) | 16.5 (0–52.5) | 0.28 | 
 | Renal failurea | 22 (15.3 %) | 29 (10.4 %) | 0.16 | 
 | Severe peripheral vascular disease | 13 (9 %) | 17 (6.1 %) | 0.32 | 
 | Cardiogenic shockb | 5 (3.5 %) | 1 (0.4 %) | 0.02 | 
 | Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump | 16 (11.1 %) | 10 (3.6 %) | 0.004 | 
 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasec | 10 (6.9 %) | 48 (17.1 %) | 0.004 | 
 | Diabetesd | 38 (26.4 %) | 103 (36.8 %) | 0.04 | 
 | Postoperative characteristics |  |  |  | 
 | Peak lactate (mmol/L) | 4.6 (3.0–18.0)

| 2.1 (0.8–2.9) | <0.0001 | 
 | Peak serum creatinine level (mmol/L) | 127 (66–840) | 100 (39–1013) | <0.0001 | 
 | Intra-aortic balloon pump | 29 (20.1 %) | 14 (5 %) | <0.0001 | 
 | Computed tomography chest /abdomen | 4 (2.8 %) | 0 | 0.01 | 
 | Return to operating room | 22 (15.3 %) | 5 (1.8 %) | <0.0001 | 
 | Cardiogenic shock | 9 (6.3 %) | 2 (0.7 %) | 0.002 | 
 | Post-operative cardiac hemorrhage | 9 (6.3 %) | 4 (1.4 %) | 0.01 | 
 | Acute kidney injury (AKIN 1) | 68 (50.4 %) | 73 (26.8 %) | <0.0001 | 
 | Ischemic bowel | 1 (0.7 %) | 0 | 0.34 | 
 | Length of ICU admission (days) | 3 (1–96) | 1 (1–29) | <0.0001 | 
 | ICU readmission | 12 (8.3 %) | 13 (4.7 %) | 0.13 | 
 | Mechanical ventilation (days) | 0.89 (0.14–75.5) | 0.50 (0.09–11.9) | <0.0001 | 
 | Mortality | 15 (10.4 %) | 4 (1.4 %) | <0.0001 |