Table:
Disease/model	QUIN levels	Associated alterations	Reference
Alzheimer	↑ in demented patient↑ in senile plaques	(i) IDO overexpression(ii) ↓ KYNA(iii) QUIN colocalizes with tau in cortical sections(iv) ↑ QUIN/3-HK quotient in plasma	[25, 26, 91, 92]
Aβ 1-42	↑	(i) IDO over-expression in microglia and macrophages	[93]
Huntington	↑	(i) ↑ 3-HK	[94]
Huntingtin transgenic mice	↑ in YAC128 mice, HdhQ92/HdhQ111 knock-in mice	(i) ↑ 3-HK	[95]
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	↑ in CSF and serum of patients	(i) Cytokines release (ii) ↑ IDO(iii) QUIN levels enhanced independent blood brain barrier breakdown	[96–98]
Suicide attempters	↑ in CSF of suicide attempters	(i) An increased QUIN/KYNA quotient	[99]
Depression	↑ QUIN expression in human brain during acute depressive episodes	(i) Abnormal NMDA receptor function	[100]
Autism	↑ in CFS of patients	(i) ↑ biopterin(ii) ↓ neopterin	[101]
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	↑ in CSF and serum of patients	(i) ↑ TRP and L-KYN, human leukocyte antigen-DR(ii) IDO over-expression	[102]
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis	↑ in the spinal cords of rats	(i) ↑ in KMO activity and 3-HK levels	[103, 104]

Express the diagram as Markdown code.

| Disease/model | QUIN levels | Associated alterations | Reference | 
 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 
 | Alzheimer | ↑ in demented patient↑ in senile plaques | (i) IDO overexpression(ii) ↓ KYNA(iii) QUIN colocalizes with tau in cortical sections(iv) ↑ QUIN/3-HK quotient in plasma | [25, 26, 91, 92] | 
 | Aβ 1-42 | ↑ | (i) IDO over-expression in microglia and macrophages | [93] | 
 | Huntington | ↑ | (i) ↑ 3-HK | [94] | 
 | Huntingtin transgenic mice | ↑ in YAC128 mice, HdhQ92/HdhQ111 knock-in mice | (i) ↑ 3-HK | [95] | 
 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | ↑ in CSF and serum of patients | (i) Cytokines release (ii) ↑ IDO(iii) QUIN levels enhanced independent blood brain barrier breakdown | [96–98] | 
 | Suicide attempters | ↑ in CSF of suicide attempters | (i) An increased QUIN/KYNA quotient | [99] | 
 | Depression | ↑ QUIN expression in human brain during acute depressive episodes | (i) Abnormal NMDA receptor function | [100] | 
 | Autism | ↑ in CFS of patients | (i) ↑ biopterin(ii) ↓ neopterin | [101] | 
 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | ↑ in CSF and serum of patients | (i) ↑ TRP and L-KYN, human leukocyte antigen-DR(ii) IDO over-expression | [102] | 
 | Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis | ↑ in the spinal cords of rats | (i) ↑ in KMO activity and 3-HK levels | [103, 104] |