sylvester medal
list of recipients
Table:
Year

Name

Nationality

Rationale[5]

1901
Henri Poincaré
French
As a mathematician and physicist, he made many original fundamental contributions to pure and applied mathematics, mathematical physics, and celestial mechanics. He was responsible for formulating the Poincaré conjecture, one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics, until it was solved in 2002–3. In his research on the three-body problem, Poincaré became the first person to discover a chaotic deterministic system which laid the foundations of modern chaos theory. He is also considered to be one of the founders of the field of topology.[6][7]

1904
Georg Cantor
German
Cantor is best known as the inventor of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. He established the importance of one-to-one correspondence between the members of two sets, defined infinite and well-ordered sets, and proved that the real numbers are "more numerous" than the natural numbers. He defined the cardinal and ordinal numbers and their arithmetic.[8]

1907
Wilhelm Wirtinger
Austrian
Wirtinger worked on complex analysis, geometry, algebra, number theory, Lie groups and knot theory; he was honored for his work on the general theory of functions.[9]

1910
Henry Frederick Baker
British
Baker worked mainly in algebraic geometry, but is also remembered for contributions to partial differential equations (related to what would become known as solitons), and Lie groups. The Medal was awarded in honor of his work with Abelian functions and for his edition of the collected mathematical works of James Joseph Sylvester.[10]

1913
James Whitbread Lee Glaisher
British
Lee is now remembered mostly for work in number theory that anticipated later interest in the detailed properties of modular forms. He published widely over other fields of mathematics.[11] In addition to number theory, the Medal was bestowed to acknowledge his work in the theory of elliptic functions.

1916
Jean Gaston Darboux
French
Darboux made several important contributions to geometry and mathematical analysis (see, for example, linear PDEs). His contribution to the differential geometry of surfaces appears in the four volume collection of studies he published between 1887 and 1896.[12]

1919
Percy Alexander MacMahon
British
MacMahon is especially noted in connection with the partitions of numbers and enumerative combinatorics and received the Medal for this work. His two volume Combinatory analysis, published in 1915/16, is the first major book in enumerative combinatorics. MacMahon also did pioneering work in recreational mathematics and patented several successful puzzles.[13]

1922
Tullio Levi-Civita
Italian
Levi-Civita made significant contributions in many areas of math, including foundational papers in both pure and applied mathematics, celestial mechanics (notably on the three-body problem) and hydrodynamics. He is most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity.[14] In addition to his research in geometry, inquiries in mechanics led to his receiving the Medal.

1925
Alfred North Whitehead
British
Whitehead received the Medal for his work on the foundations of mathematics, but also wrote on algebra, logic, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. He supervised the doctoral dissertations of Bertrand Russell and Willard Van Orman Quine, thus influencing logic and virtually all of analytic philosophy. He co-authored the epochal Principia Mathematica with Russell.[15]

1928
William Henry Young
British
Young, who was awarded "for his contributions to the theory of functions of a real variable",[5] worked on measure theory, Fourier series, differential calculus amongst other fields, and made brilliant and long-lasting contributions to the study of functions of several complex variables.[16]

1931
Edmund Taylor Whittaker
British
Recognized with the Medal for his work in both pure mathematics and applied mathematics, Whittaker also contributed widely to mathematical physics and the theory of special functions. He had a particular interest in numerical analysis, but also worked on celestial mechanics and the history of physics.[17]

1934
Bertrand Russell
British
A philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic,[18] Russell was honored "for his distinguished work on the foundations of mathematics."[5]

1937
Augustus Edward Hough Love
British
Love is famous for his work on the mathematical theory of elasticity, which, along with his research into hydro-dynamics, resulted in his receiving the Medal. He worked on wave propagation and developed a mathematical model of surface waves known as Love waves. He contributed to the theory of tidal locking and introduced the parameters known as Love numbers, which are used in problems related to the tidal deformation of the Earth due to the gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun. He authored the two volume classic, A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity.[19][20]

1940
Godfrey Harold Hardy
British
"for his important contributions to many branches of pure mathematics."

1943
John Edensor Littlewood
British
"for his mathematical discoveries and supreme insight in the analytical theory of numbers."

1946
George Neville Watson
British
"for his distinguished contributions to pure mathematics in the field of mathematical analysis and in particular for his work on asymptotic expansion and on general transforms.

1949
Louis Joel Mordell
British
"for his distinguished researches in pure mathematics, especially for his discoveries in the theory of numbers."

1952
Abram Samoilovitch Besicovitch
Russian
"for his outstanding work on almost-periodic functions, the theory of measure and integration and many other topics of theory of functions."

1955
Edward Charles Titchmarsh
British
"for his distinguished researches on the Riemann zeta-function, analytical theory of numbers, Fourier analysis, and eigen-function expansions."

1958
Max Newman
British
"for his distinguished contributions to combinatory topology, Boolean algebras and mathematical logic."

1961
Philip Hall
British
"for his distinguished researches in algebra."

1964
Mary Cartwright
British
"for her distinguished contributions to analysis and the theory of functions of a real and complex variable."

1967
Harold Davenport
British
"for his many distinguished contributions to the theory of numbers."

1970
George Frederick James Temple
British
"for his many distinguished contributions to applied mathematics, especially in his work on distribution theory."

1973
John William Scott Cassels
British
"for his numerous important contributions to the theory of numbers."

1976
David George Kendall
British
"for his many distinguished contributions to probability theory and its applications."

1979
Graham Higman
British
"for his distinguished and profoundly influential contributions to the theory of finite and infinite groups.

1982
John Frank Adams
British
"for his solution of several outstanding problems of algebraic topology and of the methods he invented for this purpose which have proved of prime importance in the theory of the subject."

1985
John Griggs Thompson
American
"for his fundamental contributions leading to the complete classification of all finite simple groups."

1988
Charles T. C. Wall
British
"for his contributions to the topology of manifolds and related topics in algebra and geometry."

1991
Klaus Friedrich Roth
British
"for his many contributions to number theory and in particular his solution of the famous problem concerning approximating algebraic numbers by rationals."

1994
Peter Whittle
New Zealand
"for his major distinctive contributions to time series analysis, to optimisation theory, and to a wide range of topics in applied probability theory and the mathematics of operational research."

1997
Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter
British
"for his achievements in geometry, notably projective geometry, non-euclidean geometry and the analysis of spatial shapes and patterns, and for his substantial contributions to practical group-theory which pervade much modern mathematics."

2000
Nigel James Hitchin
British
"for his important contributions to many parts of differential geometry combining this with complex geometry, integrable systems and mathematical physics interweaving the most modern ideas with the classical literature."

2003
Lennart Carleson
Swedish
"for his deep and fundamental contributions to mathematics in the field of analysis and complex dynamics."

2006
Peter Swinnerton-Dyer
British
"for his fundamental work in arithmetic geometry and his many contributions to the theory of ordinary differential equations."

2009
John M. Ball
British
"for his seminal work in mechanics and nonlinear analysis and his encouragement of mathematical research in developing countries."

2010
Graeme Segal
British
"for his highly influential and elegant work on the development of topology, geometry and quantum field theory, bridging the gap between physics and pure mathematics."

2012
John Francis Toland
British/Irish
"for his original theorems and remarkable discoveries in nonlinear partial differential equations, including applications to water waves."

For the table from the article 'sylvester medal' (section 'list of recipients'), determine which relation holds between the two highlighted columns from the relation options provided: film.film.produced_by, sports.sports_facility.home_venue_for-sports.team_venue_relationship.team, people.person.parents, award.award_category.nominees-award.award_nomination.award_nominee, sports.pro_athlete.teams-sports.sports_team_roster.position, organization.organization.headquarters-location.mailing_address.state_province_region, military.military_person.service-military.military_service.military_force, people.person.spouse_s-people.marriage.spouse, sports.sports_championship_event.champion, award.award_nominated_work.award_nominations-award.award_nomination.ceremony, award.award_ceremony.nominees-award.award_nomination.award_nominee, award.award_ceremony.nominees-award.award_nomination.nominated_for, tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program-tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor, location.location.street_address-location.mailing_address.citytown, base.wikipedia_infobox.video_game.platforms, government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials-government.government_position_held.office_holder, base.wikipedia_infobox.video_game.developer, film.film.language, aviation.airline.hubs, music.composer.compositions, sports.sports_team.roster-sports.sports_team_roster.player, award.award_category.nominees-award.award_nomination.ceremony, education.educational_institution.athletics_brand, film.film.starring-film.performance.character, tv.tv_program.country_of_origin, broadcast.broadcast.area_served, base.schemastaging.athlete_extra.salary-base.schemastaging.athlete_salary.team, award.award_category.winners-award.award_honor.award_winner, sports.sports_award_winner.awards-sports.sports_award.team, time.event.instance_of_recurring_event, location.country.capital, tv.tv_actor.starring_roles-tv.regular_tv_appearance.character, military.military_combatant.military_conflicts-military.military_combatant_group.combatants, olympics.olympic_athlete.medals_won-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.country, tv.tv_program.original_network-tv.tv_network_duration.network, cvg.computer_videogame.publisher, basketball.basketball_player.player_statistics-basketball.basketball_player_stats.team, music.composition.composer, film.actor.film-film.performance.film, location.location.nearby_airports, olympics.olympic_athlete.medals_won-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.event, baseball.baseball_player.batting_stats-baseball.batting_statistics.team, government.politician.government_positions_held-government.government_position_held.district_represented, cvg.computer_videogame.developer, base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_parent, tv.tv_actor.starring_roles-tv.regular_tv_appearance.series, location.country.official_language, meteorology.tropical_cyclone.tropical_cyclone_season, people.deceased_person.place_of_death, film.film.genre, american_football.football_player.position_s, location.administrative_division.capital-location.administrative_division_capital_relationship.capital, film.actor.film-film.performance.character, award.award_nominee.award_nominations-award.award_nomination.nominated_f, olympics.olympic_participating_country.athletes-olympics.olympic_athlete_affiliation.athlete, sports.sports_position.players-sports.sports_team_roster.position, music.artist.album, people.person.places_lived-people.place_lived.location, award.award_category.category_of, soccer.football_player.statistics-soccer.football_player_stats.team, olympics.olympic_participating_country.medals_won-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.medalist, sports.sports_team.location, sports.sports_team.venue-sports.team_venue_relationship.venue, sports.sports_team.sport, location.capital_of_administrative_division.capital_of-location.administrative_division_capital_relationship.administrative_division, sports.sports_team.league-sports.sports_league_participation.league, music.album.artist, location.hud_county_place.county, people.person.place_of_birth, base.biblioness.bibs_location.country, film.director.film, people.person.nationality, soccer.football_player.position_s, government.politician.party-government.political_party_tenure.party, olympics.olympic_event_competition.medalists-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.medalist, book.written_work.author, tv.tv_program.regular_cast-tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor, american_football.football_player.games-american_football.player_game_statistics.team, location.country.languages_spoken, baseball.baseball_player.position_s, location.location.contains, sports.sports_position.players-sports.sports_team_roster.player, award.award_nominated_work.award_nominations-award.award_nomination.award_nominee, film.film.release_date_s-film.film_regional_release_date.film_release_region, award.award_ceremony.awards_presented-award.award_honor.award_winner, tv.tv_network.programs-tv.tv_network_duration.program, soccer.football_team.player_statistics-soccer.football_player_stats.player, film.film.country, sports.sports_team.arena_stadium, book.author.works_written, baseball.baseball_team.league, olympics.olympic_athlete.country-olympics.olympic_athlete_affiliation.country, base.culturalevent.event.entity_involved, award.award_category.winners-award.award_honor.ceremony, film.film.story_by, film.film.production_companies, base.schemastaging.organization_extra.phone_number-base.schemastaging.phone_sandbox.service_location, sports.sports_league.teams-sports.sports_league_participation.team, location.administrative_division.country, film.film.directed_by, sports.sports_team.league-sports.sports_league_participation.from, aviation.airport.serves, award.award_ceremony.awards_presented-award.award_honor.honored_for, location.location.containedby, government.political_party.politicians_in_this_party-government.political_party_tenure.politician, film.film.starring-film.performance.actor, government.political_district.representatives-government.government_position_held.office_holder, film.film.distributors-film.film_film_distributor_relationship.distributor, award.award_winning_work.awards_won-award.award_honor.award_winner, organization.organization.headquarters-location.mailing_address.country, film.film.written_by, film.film.music, time.event.locations, sports.sports_facility.teams, ice_hockey.hockey_player.hockey_position, sports.sports_league_season.league, organization.organization.headquarters-location.mailing_address.citytown, sports.pro_athlete.teams-sports.sports_team_roster.team, people.person.education-education.education.institution, film.film_character.portrayed_in_films-film.performance.actor. Return the relation name(s) in JSON format {"answer": ["RELATION"]}. Use commas to separate multiple correct relations.

{"answer": ["people.person.nationality"]}