list of presidents of the united states by military service
Table:
President
Service
Rank
Active Service

Barack Obama
None
None
None

George W. Bush
Texas Air National Guard
First Lieutenant
Stateside service during Vietnam War (1968–1973).

Bill Clinton
None
None
Signed an agreement to join Reserve Officer Training Corps at University of Arkansas during Vietnam War, but subsequently withdrew and entered the draft. Was not drafted and did not serve.

George H. W. Bush
United States Naval Reserve
Lieutenant
World War II (1942–1945) Distinguished Flying Cross.

Ronald Reagan
United States Army Reserve, United States Army Air Corps
Captain
Stateside service during World War II (1942–1945); Army Reserve (1937–1942) See also: List of United States Presidents by military rank and Ronald Reagan for more information on military service.

Jimmy Carter
United States Navy
Lieutenant
World War II at the United States Naval Academy Sea duty and stateside service 1946-1953 during the Korean War.

Gerald Ford
United States Naval Reserve
Lieutenant Commander
World War II (1942–1945; combat on USS Monterey, discharged in 1946).

Richard Nixon
United States Naval Reserve
Commander
World War II (1942–1945) Earned two Service Stars.

Lyndon B. Johnson
United States Naval Reserve
Commander[1]
World War II received Silver Star medal after observation mission in which aircraft he was on came under Japanese attack.

John F. Kennedy
United States Navy
Lieutenant
World War II received Navy and Marine Corps Medal and Purple Heart

Dwight D. Eisenhower
United States Army
General of the Army
Stateside service during World War I. Served as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during World War II (1942–1945). Visited troops in Korea in December 1952. Entire active-duty career spanned from 1915 until 1969 (excepting his two terms as president and Commander-in-Chief).

Harry S. Truman[2]
Missouri National Guard
United States Army, United States Army Reserve
Colonel
Stateside National Guard service in Missouri (1905-1911); World War I (1917–1918); transferred to Army Reserve and retired in 1953.

Franklin D. Roosevelt
None
None
None; Assistant Secretary of the Navy in World War I. Attempted to resign in order to enter uniformed service, but resignation not accepted. Visited France as part of Navy Department duties to observe military activities first hand.

Herbert Hoover
None
None
None; helped guide US Marines in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion.

Calvin Coolidge
None
None
None

Warren G. Harding
None
None
None

Woodrow Wilson
None
None
None

William Howard Taft
None
None
None; United States Secretary of War 1904-1908

Theodore Roosevelt
United States Army
Colonel
Spanish–American War – only U.S. President to receive the Medal of Honor (awarded posthumously in 2001). Also a Navy Civilian, as Assistant Secretary of the Navy[3]

William McKinley
United States Army
Brevet Major
American Civil War. Served in the 23rd Ohio Infantry under future President Rutherford B. Hayes; fought in the Battle of South Mountain, The Battle of Antietam, and in the Valley Campaigns of 1864.

Benjamin Harrison
United States Army
Brigadier General
American Civil War; Commanded an Infantry Brigade at the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peachtree Creek and Atlanta; also Commanded a Brigade during Sherman's March to the Sea.

Grover Cleveland
None
None
Paid George Benninsky $150 to take his place after Cleveland was drafted during Civil War under Conscription Act of 1863.

Chester A. Arthur
New York State Militia
Brigadier General
Served as Quartermaster General before and during the American Civil War (1858–1865).

James Garfield
United States Army
Major General
American Civil War (1861–1863; commanded an Ohio Infantry Brigade at the Battles of Shiloh and Corinth; served as Chief of Staff for General William Rosecrans at the Battle of Chickamauga; left the army to serve in the United States House of Representatives).

Rutherford B. Hayes
United States Army
Major General
American Civil War. Served in the 23rd Ohio Infantry and commanded future President William McKinley; wounded at the Battle of South Mountain; also served at the Battle of Antietam and in the Valley Campaigns of 1864.

Ulysses S. Grant
United States Army
General of the Army
Mexican-American War and American Civil War; served 1843-1854 and 1861-1868.

Andrew Johnson
United States Army
Brigadier General
Served in Tennessee Militia in 1830s. American Civil War; served as Military Governor of Tennessee in 1862.

Abraham Lincoln
Illinois State Militia
Captain
Black Hawk War (served three months in 1832); see Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War.

James Buchanan
Pennsylvania State Militia
Private
War of 1812

Franklin Pierce
United States Army
Brigadier General
New Hampshire Militia, 1831-1846; Mexican-American War; commanded Infantry Brigade at Battle of Contreras (where his leg was injured), Battle of Churubusco, and the Assault on Mexico City.

Millard Fillmore
New York State Militia
Major
Served in New York Militia in 1820s and 1830s; Organized Union Continentals home guard unit in Buffalo, New York during American Civil War

Zachary Taylor
United States Army
Major General
War of 1812, Black Hawk War, Second Seminole War, Mexican-American War; entire career spanned from 1808 until 1848.

James K. Polk
Tennessee State Militia
Colonel
Joined cavalry unit in Tennessee Militia as a Captain. Subsequently appointed a Colonel on the staff of Governor William Carroll. Did not see war service.

John Tyler
United States Army
Captain
War of 1812

William Henry Harrison
United States Army
Major General
Northwest Indian War, War of 1812

Martin Van Buren
None
None
None; as State Senator during War of 1812 worked to pass war measures, including bills to expand New York militia and increase soldier pay. Prosecutor of William Hull at court-martial after surrender of Detroit.

Andrew Jackson
Tennessee State Militia, United States Army
Major General
American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Creek War, First Seminole War

John Quincy Adams
None
None
None; however he was a witness to Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775 and reportedly was a non-participant in a Naval Battle between a British ship and a US ship he was on with his father during the American Revolution.

James Monroe
Continental Army
Major
American Revolutionary War; wounded at the Battle of Trenton; depicted holding the American flag behind General George Washington in the famous painting Washington Crossing the Delaware.

James Madison
Virginia militia
Colonel
American Revolutionary War, did not see action.

Thomas Jefferson
Virginia militia
Colonel
Administrative position, did not see action. As Governor of Virginia, fled during British raid to avoid capture

John Adams
None
None
Adams served as chairman of the Continental Congress's Board of War (1776–1777), making him the simultaneous equivalent of today's Secretary of Defense and Chairman of Senate Armed Services Committee; was a semi-participant in a naval engagement between a British and US ship during the American Revolution.

George Washington
Virginia militia, Virginia Regiment, Continental Army
General of the Armies
French and Indian War, American Revolutionary War.

Looking at the table in the article 'list of presidents of the united states by military service' in the '' section on Wikipedia, identify the proper relation linking the two highlighted columns using this list of possible relations: military.military_combatant.military_conflicts-military.military_combatant_group.combatants, organization.organization.headquarters-location.mailing_address.state_province_region, award.award_category.nominees-award.award_nomination.award_nominee, people.person.education-education.education.institution, film.film.directed_by, location.administrative_division.capital-location.administrative_division_capital_relationship.capital, olympics.olympic_event_competition.medalists-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.medalist, meteorology.tropical_cyclone.tropical_cyclone_season, baseball.baseball_team.league, people.person.places_lived-people.place_lived.location, government.political_district.representatives-government.government_position_held.office_holder, people.person.parents, government.politician.government_positions_held-government.government_position_held.district_represented, basketball.basketball_player.player_statistics-basketball.basketball_player_stats.team, award.award_category.winners-award.award_honor.ceremony, award.award_category.winners-award.award_honor.award_winner, aviation.airline.hubs, soccer.football_player.statistics-soccer.football_player_stats.team, tv.tv_program.regular_cast-tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor, base.wikipedia_infobox.video_game.developer, film.film.country, film.film.release_date_s-film.film_regional_release_date.film_release_region, film.film.starring-film.performance.character, sports.sports_team.arena_stadium, base.wikipedia_infobox.video_game.platforms, tv.tv_program.original_network-tv.tv_network_duration.network, music.album.artist, broadcast.broadcast.area_served, location.capital_of_administrative_division.capital_of-location.administrative_division_capital_relationship.administrative_division, award.award_category.nominees-award.award_nomination.ceremony, music.composition.composer, sports.sports_team.location, time.event.instance_of_recurring_event, aviation.airport.serves, book.written_work.author, ice_hockey.hockey_player.hockey_position, film.film.written_by, base.culturalevent.event.entity_involved, base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_parent, location.location.street_address-location.mailing_address.citytown, tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program-tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor, film.film.language, olympics.olympic_participating_country.athletes-olympics.olympic_athlete_affiliation.athlete, sports.sports_team.roster-sports.sports_team_roster.player, people.person.spouse_s-people.marriage.spouse, olympics.olympic_athlete.medals_won-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.event, film.film.genre, award.award_winning_work.awards_won-award.award_honor.award_winner, film.film.distributors-film.film_film_distributor_relationship.distributor, film.film.story_by, time.event.locations, film.film_character.portrayed_in_films-film.performance.actor, tv.tv_network.programs-tv.tv_network_duration.program, sports.pro_athlete.teams-sports.sports_team_roster.team, government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials-government.government_position_held.office_holder, music.artist.album, location.location.nearby_airports, american_football.football_player.games-american_football.player_game_statistics.team, people.deceased_person.place_of_death, government.political_party.politicians_in_this_party-government.political_party_tenure.politician, organization.organization.headquarters-location.mailing_address.country, award.award_nominated_work.award_nominations-award.award_nomination.ceremony, education.educational_institution.athletics_brand, award.award_nominee.award_nominations-award.award_nomination.nominated_f, award.award_ceremony.nominees-award.award_nomination.award_nominee, sports.sports_position.players-sports.sports_team_roster.player, location.administrative_division.country, organization.organization.headquarters-location.mailing_address.citytown, people.person.nationality, music.composer.compositions, cvg.computer_videogame.developer, sports.sports_league_season.league, people.person.place_of_birth, sports.sports_team.sport, military.military_person.service-military.military_service.military_force, baseball.baseball_player.batting_stats-baseball.batting_statistics.team, location.location.containedby, base.schemastaging.organization_extra.phone_number-base.schemastaging.phone_sandbox.service_location, sports.sports_team.league-sports.sports_league_participation.from, olympics.olympic_athlete.medals_won-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.country, soccer.football_team.player_statistics-soccer.football_player_stats.player, film.film.starring-film.performance.actor, location.country.official_language, sports.pro_athlete.teams-sports.sports_team_roster.position, tv.tv_program.country_of_origin, sports.sports_league.teams-sports.sports_league_participation.team, film.film.produced_by, tv.tv_actor.starring_roles-tv.regular_tv_appearance.character, sports.sports_team.venue-sports.team_venue_relationship.venue, film.director.film, sports.sports_facility.home_venue_for-sports.team_venue_relationship.team, book.author.works_written, location.location.contains, award.award_ceremony.awards_presented-award.award_honor.honored_for, location.country.capital, sports.sports_facility.teams, film.film.production_companies, olympics.olympic_participating_country.medals_won-olympics.olympic_medal_honor.medalist, film.actor.film-film.performance.film, base.biblioness.bibs_location.country, cvg.computer_videogame.publisher, soccer.football_player.position_s, american_football.football_player.position_s, award.award_ceremony.awards_presented-award.award_honor.award_winner, sports.sports_award_winner.awards-sports.sports_award.team, olympics.olympic_athlete.country-olympics.olympic_athlete_affiliation.country, base.schemastaging.athlete_extra.salary-base.schemastaging.athlete_salary.team, baseball.baseball_player.position_s, location.country.languages_spoken, film.actor.film-film.performance.character, sports.sports_championship_event.champion, award.award_ceremony.nominees-award.award_nomination.nominated_for, film.film.music, award.award_nominated_work.award_nominations-award.award_nomination.award_nominee, government.politician.party-government.political_party_tenure.party, location.hud_county_place.county, tv.tv_actor.starring_roles-tv.regular_tv_appearance.series, award.award_category.category_of, sports.sports_position.players-sports.sports_team_roster.position, sports.sports_team.league-sports.sports_league_participation.league. Respond with the correct relation label(s), comma-separated when there is more than one in the JSON object {"answer": ["RELATION"]}.

{"answer": ["military.military_person.service-military.military_service.military_force"]}