Table:
Income statement expense

2019 €m	2018 €m	2017 €m

Defined contribution schemes	166	178	192

Defined benefit schemes	57	44	20

Total amount charged to income statement (note 23)	223	222	212

From the provided table image, locate any cells that are merged and list their areas as {'top-left':(X1, Y1), 'bottom-right':(X2, Y2)}, with (X1, Y1) indicating the (row_id, column_id) of top-left cell and (X2, Y2) the bottom-right cell. Both the row_id and column_id start from 1.

This table does not contain any merged cells.