Down syndrome
Table:
Down syndrome
Other names	Down's syndrome, Down's, trisomy 21
A Caucasian adolescent male with Down syndrome dressed in a blue t-shirt is holding a blue and black electric drill with both hands. He is using it to assemble a wooden, flat-pack style bookcase.
A boy with Down syndrome assembling a bookcase
Specialty	Medical genetics, pediatrics
Symptoms	Delayed physical growth, characteristic facial features, mild to moderate intellectual disability[1]
Causes	Third copy of chromosome 21[2]
Risk factors	Older mother, prior affected child[3][4]
Diagnostic method	Prenatal screening, genetic testing[5]
Treatment	Educational support, sheltered work environment[6][7]
Prognosis	Life expectancy 50 to 60 (developed world)[8][9]
Frequency	5.4 million (0.1%)[1][10]
Deaths	26,500 (2015)[11]

From the table, state whether the hypothesis is entailed, neutral, or refuted. Give your final answer in JSON format {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

Assertion: Down syndrome usually is transmitted through sperm

answer: neutral