Latin America
Demographics -- Largest cities
Table:
City
Country
2017 population
2014 GDP (PPP, $million, USD)
2014 GDP per capita, (USD)

Mexico City
Mexico
23,655,355
$403,561
$19,239

São Paulo
Brazil
23,467,354
$430,510
$20,650

Buenos Aires
Argentina
15,564,354
$315,885
$23,606

Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
14,440,345
$176,630
$14,176

Bogotá
Colombia
9,900,800
$199,150
$19,497

Lima
Peru
9,752,000
$176,447
$16,530

Santiago
Chile
7,164,400
$171,436
$23,290

Belo Horizonte
Brazil
6,145,800
$95,686
$17,635

Guadalajara
Mexico
4,687,700
$80,656
$17,206

Monterrey
Mexico
4,344,200
$122,896
$28,290

Considering the accompanying table and the textual context listed.

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Gross domestic product ( GDP ) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period . GDP ( nominal ) per capita does not , however , reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries ; therefore using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity ( PPP ) is arguably more useful when comparing living standards between nations , while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market . The OECD defines GDP as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production and services ( plus any taxes , and minus any subsidies , on products not included in the value of their outputs ) . An IMF publication states that , GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services - that are bought by the final user - produced in a country in a given period of time ( say a quarter or a year ) . Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy . The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP and the same is called Mean Standard of Living . GDP is considered the world 's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress .
This page is a list of the countries of the world by gross domestic product ( at purchasing power parity ) per capita , i.e. , the purchasing power parity ( PPP ) value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given year , divided by the average ( or mid-year ) population for the same year . As of 2017 , the average GDP per capita ( PPP ) of all of the countries of the world is US $ 17,300 . For rankings regarding wealth , see list of countries by wealth per adult .
The United States dollar ( sign : $ ; code : USD ; also abbreviated US $ and referred to as the dollar , U.S. dollar , or American dollar ) is the official currency of the United States and its territories per the Coinage Act of 1792 . One dollar is divided into 100 cents ( Symbol : ¢ ) or 1000 mills ( for accounting purposes and for taxing . Symbol : ₥ ) . The Coinage Act of 1792 created a decimal currency by creating the following coins : tenth dollar , one-twentieth dollar , one-hundredth dollar . In addition the act created the dollar , half dollar , and quarter dollar coins . All of these coins are still minted in 2020 . In addition , several forms of paper money were introduced by Congress over the years . The latest of these , the Federal Reserve Note , was authorized by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 , while all existing U.S. currency remains legal tender . Issuance of the previous form of the currency ( U.S. notes ) was discontinued in January 1971 . As a result , currently circulating paper money consists primarily of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars ( 12 U.S.C . § 418 ) . Since the suspension in 1971 of convertibility of paper U.S. currency into any precious metal , the U.S. dollar is de facto fiat money .
Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City , officially called Mexico City Metropolitan Area ( Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México ) , constituted by Mexico City itself composed of 16 Municipalities - and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo . For normative purposes , [ further explanation needed ] however , Greater Mexico City most commonly refers to the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico ( Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México ) an agglomeration that incorporates 18 additional municipalities . As of 2016 [ update ] an estimated 21,157,000 people lived in Greater Mexico City , making it the second largest metropolitan area in North America . It is surrounded by thin strips of highlands which separate it from other adjacent metropolitan areas , of which the biggest are Puebla , Toluca , and Cuernavaca-Cuautla , and together with which it makes up the Mexico City megalopolis . Since the 1940s there have been different proposals to establish the limits of the growing conurbation of Mexico City , and different definitions were used unofficially as the city continued to grow . The Federal Government ( represented by the Department of Social Development ) , the government of Mexico City , and the government of the State of Mexico agreed on the official definitions for both the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico on December 22 , 2005 . Per the agreement , most urban planning projects will be administered by Metropolitan Commissions . On January 29 , 2016 , Mexico City proper was no longer called the Federal District ( Spanish : Distrito Federal or D.F. ) . It is now in transition to become the country 's 32nd federal entity , officially Mexico City ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , commonly abbreviated as CDMX ) , giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state . Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution , however , since it is the seat of the powers of the federation , it can never become a state , or the capital of the country has to be relocated . The English name Mexico City remains . Its original 16 Boroughs became municipalities .
Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .
Greater São Paulo ( Portuguese : Grande São Paulo ) is a nonspecific term for one of the multiple definitions the large metropolitan area located in the São Paulo state in Brazil .
Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
Greater Buenos Aires ( Spanish : Gran Buenos Aires , GBA ) , Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area or Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region refers to the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the adjacent 24 partidos ( districts ) in the Province of Buenos Aires . Thus , it does not constitute a single administrative unit . The conurbation spreads south , west and north of Buenos Aires city . To the east , the River Plate serves as a natural boundary . Urban sprawl , especially between 1945 and 1980 , created a vast conurbation of 9,910,282 inhabitants in the 24 conurbated partidos , as of 2010 , and a total of 12,801,365 including the City of Buenos Aires , a third of the total population of Argentina and generating more than half of the country 's GDP .
Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture .
Greater Rio de Janeiro , officially the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region ( Grande Rio , officially Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro , in Portuguese ) is a large metropolitan area located in Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil , the second largest in Brazil and third largest in South America . It consists of 22 municipalities , including the state capital , Rio de Janeiro . The metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro is known as a historical , cultural and economic centre of Brazil , with a total population of 13 million inhabitants . The region was first officially defined on July 1 , 1974 , less than 1 year before the fusion of Guanabara into Rio de Janeiro . Several municipalities show a high level of conurbation , with Rio de Janeiro-Baixada Fluminense and Niterói-São Gonçalo being the most clear examples . It was changed several times to include or remove different cities in different moments of the history , in the years 1993 , 2001 , 2002 , 2009 , 2013 and 2018 . The water supply plans of the region are coordinated , and transportation in the area is heavily interconnected with urban intermunicipal buses to all municipalities in the area , trains over the capital to some Baixada Fluminense municipalities , ferry boats to some of the Guanabara Bay municipalities and major inter-city freeways such as the Rio-Niterói Bridge , Red Line , President Dutra freeway and the Niterói-Manilha freeway ( pt ) . Most transportation methods are integrated with the capital inner-transportation system of buses , trains , metro , freeways and expressways .
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá is the metropolitan area of the Colombian capital city of Bogotá , usually used for statistical analysis or technical use . The study included the Capital District of Bogotá and 17 of the surrounding municipalities in the Department of Cundinamarca ; Soacha , Facatativá , Zipaquirá , Chía , Mosquera , Madrid , Funza , Cajicá , Sibaté , Tocancipá , La Calera , Sopó , Tabio , Tenjo , Cota , Gachancipá and Bojacá . Bogotá and its metropolitan area ( ranging in altitude from 1,800 metres ( 5,900 ft ) to 4,200 metres ( 13,800 ft ) ) had a population of 9.8 million in 2015 .
Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law .
The Lima metropolitan area ( Spanish : Área Metropolitana de Lima , also known as Lima Metropolitana ) , is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian city-provinces of Lima ( the nation 's capital ) and Callao . It is the largest of the metropolitan areas of Peru , the seventh largest in the Americas , the fourth largest in Latin America , and among the thirty largest in the world . The conurbation process started to be evident in the 1980s . The metropolitan area is composed of six subregions . These are Lima Norte , Lima Sur , Lima Este , Residential Lima , Central Lima , and Callao . Its estimated 2018 population is over 10.4 million according to the 2017 census .
Peru ( /pəˈruː/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : Perú [ peˈɾu ] ; Quechua : Piruw Republika [ pʰɪɾʊw ] ; Aymara : Piruw Suyu [ pɪɾʊw ] ) , officially the Republic of Peru ( Spanish : República del Perú ( help·info ) ) , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . At 1.28 million km2 ( 0.5 million mi2 ) , Peru is the 19th largest country in the world , and the third largest in South America . Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures . Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BC , the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization , to the Inca Empire , the largest state in pre-Columbian America , the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American colonies , with its capital in Lima . Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821 , and following the military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar , and the decisive battle of Ayacucho , Peru completed its independence in 1824 . In the ensuing years , the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability , which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile . Throughout the 20th century , Peru endured armed territorial disputes , coups , social unrest , and internal conflicts , as well as periods of stability and economic upswing . Alberto Fujimori was elected to the presidency in 1990 ; his government was credited with economically stabilizing Peru and successfully ending the Shining Path insurgency , though he was widely accused of human rights violations and suppression of political dissent . Fujimori left the presidency in 2000 and was charged with human rights violations and imprisoned until his pardon by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017 .
Santiago Metropolitan Region ( Spanish : Región Metropolitana de Santiago ) is one of Chile 's 16 first-order administrative divisions . It is the country 's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation 's capital , Santiago . Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region , including Chile 's main international airport , Arturo Merino Benítez . With an area of 15,403.2 km2 ( 5,947 sq mi ) and population over 7 million , it is Chile 's smallest by area , most populated and most densely populated region . It is also the country 's only region that does not have a Roman numeral identifier .
Chile ( /ˈtʃɪli/ ( listen ) , /ˈtʃɪleɪ/ ; Spanish : [ ˈtʃile ] ) , [ nb 2 ] officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish : República de Chile ( help·info ) ) , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres ( 480,000 sq mi ) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory . [ nb 3 ] , The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth , principally copper and lithium . The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources , and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions . Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands , and features a string of volcanoes and lakes . The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords , inlets , canals , twisting peninsulas , and islands . Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century , replacing Inca rule in the north and centre , but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile . After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818 , Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic . In the 19th century , Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth , ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific ( 1879-83 ) after defeating Peru and Bolivia . In the 1960s and 1970s , the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil .
Greater Belo Horizonte is the name usually used to describe the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region , which is composed of 34 municipalities . As of 2013 , it is the third largest metropolitan area of Brazil with more than five million inhabitants . The largest city by population is Belo Horizonte .
The Guadalajara metropolitan area ( officially , in Spanish : Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara ) is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state of Jalisco and the second largest in the country after Greater Mexico City . It includes the core municipality of Guadalajara and the surrounding municipalities of Zapopan , Tlaquepaque , Tonalá , Tlajomulco de Zúñiga , El Salto , Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos and Juanacatlán .
The Monterrey metropolitan area refers to the surrounding urban agglomeration of Monterrey , Nuevo León . Officially called Area Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Monterrey or AMM , the metropolitan area is the 3rd-largest such area in Mexico .