Comparison of document-markup languages
Characteristics
Table:
Language

Major purpose

Based on

Markup type

Structural markup

Presentational markup[4]

AsciiDoc

Multi-purpose

Tag

Yes

Yes

Computable Document Format

Interactive technical documents, infographics, blogs[5]

Wolfram Language

Tag

Yes

Yes

Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA)

Technical documents

XML

Tag

Yes

Yes[6]

DocBook

Technical documents

SGML / XML

Tag

Yes

Yes[7]

Encoded Archival Description (EAD)

Finding aids

XML

Tag

Yes

No

Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML)

Hypertext documents

XML

Tag

Yes

Yes[8]

FictionBook

Multi-purpose

XML

Tag

Yes

Yes

HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

Hypertext documents

SGML

Tag

Yes

Yes[9]

Lilypond

Music notation

Control code

Yes

Yes

Maker Interchange Format (MIF)

Technical documents

Tag

Yes

Yes

Markdown

Formatted Technical documents, Hypertext documents, E-mail

Text E-mail conventions

Tag

Yes

Yes

Math Markup Language (MathML)

Mathematical documents

XML

Tag

Yes

Yes[10]

The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)

Music notation

XML

Tag

Yes

Yes

Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML)

Music notation

XML

Tag

Yes

Yes

Office Open XML (OOXML)

Multi-purpose

XML / ZIP

Tag

Yes

Yes

OpenDocument Format (ODF)

Multi-purpose

XML / ZIP

Tag

Yes

Yes

Open Mathematical Document (OMDoc)

Mathematical documents

XML

Tag

Yes[11]

Yes[12]

Org-mode

Multi-purpose (notes, project management, publishing, literate programming)

Text outliner

Tag

Yes

Yes

reStructuredText

Technical and Multi-purpose documents[13]

Structured Text and Setext

Tag

Yes

Yes[14]

Rich Text Format (RTF)

Formatted documents

TeX

Pattern parsing

Yes

Yes

Considering the accompanying table plus the supplementary paragraphs provided.

Answer the following question: For the code used to visually represent aurally perceived sounds , what are the terms it was released under ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

AsciiDoc is a human-readable document format , semantically equivalent to DocBook XML , but using plain-text mark-up conventions . AsciiDoc documents can be created using any text editor and read as-is , or rendered to HTML or any other format supported by a DocBook tool-chain , i.e . PDF , TeX , Unix manpages , e-books , slide presentations , etc .
Computable Document Format ( CDF ) is an electronic document format designed to allow easy authoring of dynamically generated interactive content . CDF is a published public format created by Wolfram Research .
The Wolfram Language is a general multi-paradigm computational language developed by Wolfram Research . It emphasizes symbolic computation , functional programming , and rule-based programming and can employ arbitrary structures and data .
The Darwin Information Typing Architecture or Document Information Typing Architecture ( DITA ) is an XML data model for authoring and publishing . It is an open standard that is defined and maintained by the OASIS DITA Technical Committee . The name derives from the following components :
Extensible Markup Language ( XML ) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable . The World Wide Web Consortium 's XML 1.0 Specification of 1998 and several other related specifications - all of them free open standards - define XML . The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity , generality , and usability across the Internet . It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for different human languages . Although the design of XML focuses on documents , the language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures such as those used in web services . Several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages , while programmers have developed many application programming interfaces ( APIs ) to aid the processing of XML data .
DocBook is a semantic markup language for technical documentation . It was originally intended for writing technical documents related to computer hardware and software but it can be used for any other sort of documentation . As a semantic language , DocBook enables its users to create document content in a presentation-neutral form that captures the logical structure of the content ; that content can then be published in a variety of formats , including HTML , XHTML , EPUB , PDF , man pages , Web help and HTML Help , without requiring users to make any changes to the source . In other words , when a document is written in DocBook format it becomes easily portable into other formats , rather than needing to be rewritten .
The Standard Generalized Markup Language ( SGML ; ISO 8879:1986 ) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents . ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is based on two postulates :
Encoded Archival Description ( EAD ) is a standard for encoding descriptive information regarding archival records .
A finding aid , in the context of archival science , is a tool containing detailed , indexed , and processed information about a specific collection of records within an archive . Finding Aids often consist of a documentary inventory and description of the materials , their source , and their structure . The finding aid for a collection is usually compiled by the collection 's entity of origin , provenance , or by an archivist or librarian during archival processing . The finding aid serves the purpose of locating specific information within the collection . The finding aid can also help the archival repository manage their materials and resources .
eXtensible HyperText Markup Language ( XHTML ) is part of the family of XML markup languages . It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used HyperText Markup Language ( HTML ) , the language in which Web pages are formulated . While HTML , prior to HTML5 , was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language ( SGML ) , a flexible markup language framework , XHTML is an application of XML , a more restrictive subset of SGML . XHTML documents are well-formed and may therefore be parsed using standard XML parsers , unlike HTML , which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser . XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ) recommendation on January 26 , 2000 . XHTML 1.1 became a W3C recommendation on May 31 , 2001 . The standard known as XHTML5 is being developed as an XML adaptation of the HTML5 specification .
Hypertext is text displayed on a computer display or other electronic devices with references ( hyperlinks ) to other text that the reader can immediately access . Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks , which are typically activated by a mouse click , keypress set or by touching the screen . Apart from text , the term hypertext is also sometimes used to describe tables , images , and other presentational content formats with integrated hyperlinks . Hypertext is one of the key underlying concepts of the World Wide Web , where Web pages are often written in the Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML ) . As implemented on the Web , hypertext enables the easy-to-use publication of information over the Internet .
FictionBook is an open XML-based e-book format which originated and gained popularity in Russia . FictionBook files have the .fb2 filename extension . Some readers also support ZIP-compressed FictionBook files ( .fb2.zip or .fbz ) The FictionBook format does not specify the appearance of a document ; instead , it describes its structure . For example , there are special tags for epigraphs , verses and quotations . All ebook metadata , such as author name , title , and publisher , are also present in the ebook file . This makes the format convenient for automatic processing , indexing , and ebook collection management , and allows automatic conversion into other formats .
Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML ) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser . It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS ) and scripting languages such as JavaScript . Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages . HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document . HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages . With HTML constructs , images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page . HTML provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings , paragraphs , lists , links , quotes and other items . HTML elements are delineated by tags , written using angle brackets . Tags such as < img / > and < input / > directly introduce content into the page . Other tags such as < p > surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements . Browsers do not display the HTML tags , but use them to interpret the content of the page . HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript , which affects the behavior and content of web pages .
LilyPond is a computer program and file format for music engraving . One of LilyPond 's major goals is to produce scores that are engraved with traditional layout rules , reflecting the era when scores were engraved by hand . LilyPond is cross-platform , and is available for several common operating systems ; released under the terms of the GNU General Public License , LilyPond is free software .
Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written , printed , or otherwise-produced symbols . Types and methods of notation have varied between cultures and throughout history , and much information about ancient music notation is fragmentary . Even in the same time period , such as in the 2010s , different styles of music and different cultures use different music notation methods ; for example , for professional classical music performers , sheet music using staves and noteheads is the most common way of notating music , but for professional country music session musicians , the Nashville Number System is the main method . The symbols used include ancient symbols and modern symbols made upon any media such as symbols cut into stone , made in clay tablets , made using a pen on papyrus or parchment or manuscript paper ; printed using a printing press ( c. 1400s ) , a computer printer ( c. 1980s ) or other printing or modern copying technology . Although many ancient cultures used symbols to represent melodies and rhythms , none of them were particularly comprehensive , and this has limited today 's understanding of their music . The seeds of what would eventually become modern western notation were sown in medieval Europe , starting with the Catholic Church 's goal for ecclesiastical uniformity . The church began notating plainchant melodies so that the same chants could be used throughout the church . Music notation developed further in the Renaissance and Baroque music eras . In the classical period ( 1750-1820 ) and the Romantic music era ( 1820-1900 ) , notation continued to develop as new musical instrument technologies were developed . In the contemporary classical music of the 20th and 21st century , music notation has continued to develop , with the introduction of graphical notation by some modern composers and the use , since the 1980s , of computer-based score writer programs for notating music . Music notation has been adapted to many kinds of music , including classical music , popular music , and traditional music .
Adobe FrameMaker is a document processor designed for writing and editing large or complex documents , including structured documents . It was originally developed by Frame Technology Corporation , which was bought by Adobe .
Markdown is a lightweight markup language with plain-text-formatting syntax . Its design allows it to be converted to many output formats , but the original tool by the same name only supports HTML . Markdown is often used to format readme files , for writing messages in online discussion forums , and to create rich text using a plain text editor . Since the initial description of Markdown contained ambiguities and unanswered questions , the implementations that appeared over the years have subtle differences and many come with syntax extensions .
Electronic mail ( email or e-mail ) is a method of exchanging messages ( mail ) between people using electronic devices . Invented by Ray Tomlinson , email first entered limited use in the 1960s and by the mid-1970s had taken the form now recognized as email . Email operates across computer networks , which today is primarily the Internet . Some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online at the same time , in common with instant messaging . Today 's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model . Email servers accept , forward , deliver , and store messages . Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously ; they need to connect only briefly , typically to a mail server or a webmail interface for as long as it takes to send or receive messages or to download it . Originally an ASCII text-only communications medium , Internet email was extended by Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions ( MIME ) to carry text in other character sets and multimedia content attachments . International email , with internationalized email addresses using UTF-8 , has been standardized , but as of 2017 [ update ] it has not been widely adopted . The history of modern Internet email services reaches back to the early ARPANET , with standards for encoding email messages published as early as 1973 ( RFC 561 ) . An email message sent in the early 1970s looks very similar to a basic email sent today .
Mathematical Markup Language ( MathML ) is a mathematical markup language , an application of XML for describing mathematical notations and capturing both its structure and content . It aims at integrating mathematical formulae into World Wide Web pages and other documents . It is part of HTML5 and an ISO standard ISO/IEC DIS 40314 since 2015 .
Mathematics ( from Greek μάθημα máthēma , knowledge , study , learning ) includes the study of such topics as quantity ( number theory ) , structure ( algebra ) , space ( geometry ) , and change ( mathematical analysis ) . It has no generally accepted definition . Mathematicians seek and use patterns to formulate new conjectures ; they resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proof . When mathematical structures are good models of real phenomena , mathematical reasoning can be used to provide insight or predictions about nature . Through the use of abstraction and logic , mathematics developed from counting , calculation , measurement , and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects . Practical mathematics has been a human activity from as far back as written records exist . The research required to solve mathematical problems can take years or even centuries of sustained inquiry . Rigorous arguments first appeared in Greek mathematics , most notably in Euclid 's Elements . Since the pioneering work of Giuseppe Peano ( 1858-1932 ) , David Hilbert ( 1862-1943 ) , and others on axiomatic systems in the late 19th century , it has become customary to view mathematical research as establishing truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions . Mathematics developed at a relatively slow pace until the Renaissance , when mathematical innovations interacting with new scientific discoveries led to a rapid increase in the rate of mathematical discovery that has continued to the present day . Mathematics is essential in many fields , including natural science , engineering , medicine , finance , and the social sciences . Applied mathematics has led to entirely new mathematical disciplines , such as statistics and game theory .
The Music Encoding Initiative ( MEI ) is an open-source effort to create a system for representation of musical documents in a machine-readable structure . MEI closely mirrors work done by text scholars in the Text Encoding Initiative ( TEI ) and while the two encoding initiatives are not formally related , they share many common characteristics and development practices . The term MEI , like TEI , describes the governing organization and the markup language . The MEI community solicits input and development directions from specialists in various music research communities , including technologists , librarians , historians , and theorists in a common effort to discuss and define best practices for representing a broad range of musical documents and structures . The results of these discussions are then formalized into the MEI schema , a core set of rules for recording physical and intellectual characteristics of music notation documents . This schema is expressed in an XML Schema Language , with RelaxNG being the preferred format . The MEI schema is developed using the One-Document-Does-it-all ( ODD ) format , a literate programming XML format developed by the Text Encoding Initiative . MEI is often used for music metadata catalogs , critical editing ( particularly of early music ) , and OMR-based data collection and interchange . MEI uses permissive software licence ; the Educational Community License , Version 2.0 , ( related to the Apache license , 2.0 ) . Verovio is a portable , lightweight library for rendering Music Encoding Initiative ( MEI ) files by transformation into Scalable Vector Graphics format , released under the LGPLv3 license .
MusicXML is an XML-based file format for representing Western musical notation . The format is open , fully documented , and can be freely used under the W3C Community Final Specification Agreement .
Office Open XML ( also informally known as OOXML or Microsoft Open XML ( MOX ) ) is a zipped , XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets , charts , presentations and word processing documents . The format was initially standardized by Ecma ( as ECMA-376 ) , and by the ISO and IEC ( as ISO/IEC 29500 ) in later versions . Microsoft Office 2010 provides read support for ECMA-376 , read/write support for ISO/IEC 29500 Transitional , and read support for ISO/IEC 29500 Strict . Microsoft Office 2013 and Microsoft Office 2016 additionally support both reading and writing of ISO/IEC 29500 Strict . While Office 2013 and onward have full read/write support for ISO/IEC 29500 Strict , Microsoft has not yet implemented the strict non-transitional , or original standard , as the default file format yet due to remaining interoperability concerns .
ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression . A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed . The ZIP file format permits a number of compression algorithms , though DEFLATE is the most common . This format was originally created in 1989 and released to the public domain on February 14 , 1989 by Phil Katz , and was first implemented in PKWARE , Inc. 's PKZIP utility , as a replacement for the previous ARC compression format by Thom Henderson . The ZIP format was then quickly supported by many software utilities other than PKZIP . Microsoft has included built-in ZIP support ( under the name compressed folders ) in versions of Microsoft Windows since 1998 . Apple has included built-in ZIP support in Mac OS X 10.3
The Open Document Format for Office Applications ( ODF ) , also known as OpenDocument , is a ZIP-compressed XML-based file format for spreadsheets , charts , presentations and word processing documents . It was developed with the aim of providing an open , XML-based file format specification for office applications . The standard was developed by a technical committee in the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards ( OASIS ) consortium . It was based on the Sun Microsystems specification for OpenOffice.org XML , the default format for OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice . It was originally developed for StarOffice to provide an open standard for office documents . In addition to being an OASIS standard , it was published as an ISO/IEC international standard ISO/IEC 26300 - Open Document Format for Office Applications ( OpenDocument ) .
OMDoc ( Open Mathematical Documents ) is a semantic markup format for mathematical documents . While MathML only covers mathematical formulae and the related OpenMath standard only supports formulae and content dictionaries containing definitions of the symbols used in formulae , OMDoc covers the whole range of written mathematics .
Org-mode ( also : Org mode ; /ˈɔːrɡ moʊd/ ) is a document editing , formatting , and organizing mode , designed for notes , planning , and authoring within the free software text editor Emacs . The name is used to encompass plain text files ( org files ) that include simple marks to indicate levels of a hierarchy ( such as the outline of an essay , a topic list with subtopics , nested computer code , etc . ) , and an editor with functions that can read the markup and manipulate hierarchy elements ( expand/hide elements , move blocks of elements , check off to-do list items , etc. ) . Org-mode was created by Carsten Dominik in 2003 , originally to organize his own life and work , and since the first release numerous other users and developers have contributed to this free software package . Emacs includes Org-mode as a major mode by default . Bastien Guerry is the current maintainer , in cooperation with an active development community . Since its success in Emacs , some other systems have also begun providing functions to work with org files . Almost orthogonally , Org-mode has functionalities aimed at executing code in various external languages ; these functionalities form org-babel .
reStructuredText ( RST , ReST , or reST ) is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python programming language community for technical documentation . It is part of the Docutils project of the Python Doc-SIG ( Documentation Special Interest Group ) , aimed at creating a set of tools for Python similar to Javadoc for Java or Plain Old Documentation ( pod ) for Perl . Docutils can extract comments and information from Python programs , and format them into various forms of program documentation . In this sense , reStructuredText is a lightweight markup language designed to be both ( a ) processable by documentation-processing software such as Docutils , and ( b ) easily readable by human programmers who are reading and writing Python source code .
The Rich Text Format ( often abbreviated RTF ) is a proprietary document file format with published specification developed by Microsoft Corporation from 1987 until 2008 for cross-platform document interchange with Microsoft products . Prior to 2008 , Microsoft published updated specifications for RTF with major revisions of Microsoft Word and Office versions . Most word processors are able to read and write some versions of RTF . There are several different revisions of RTF specification and portability of files will depend on what version of RTF is being used . It should not be confused with enriched text ( media type text/enriched of RFC 1896 ) or its predecessor Rich Text ( media type text/richtext of RFC 1341 and 1521 ) , nor with IBM 's RFT-DCA ( Revisable Format Text-Document Content Architecture ) ; these are completely different specifications .
TeX ( /tɛx , tɛk/ , see below ) , stylized within the system as TeX , is a typesetting system ( or a formatting system ) which was designed and mostly written by Donald Knuth and released in 1978 . TeX is a popular means of typesetting complex mathematical formulae ; it has been noted as one of the most sophisticated digital typographical systems . TeX is popular in academia , especially in mathematics , computer science , economics , engineering , linguistics , physics , statistics , and quantitative psychology . It has largely displaced Unix troff , [ b ] the other favored formatting system , in many Unix installations which use both for different purposes . It is also used for many other typesetting tasks , especially in the form of LaTeX , ConTeXt , and other macro packages . TeX was designed with two main goals in mind : to allow anybody to produce high-quality books with minimal effort , and to provide a system that would give exactly the same results on all computers , at any point in time ( together with the Metafont language for font description and the Computer Modern family of typefaces ) . TeX is free software , which made it accessible to a wide range of users .