Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island
History -- Notable inmates ( prior to 1982 )
Table:
Inmate Name

Register Number

Status

Details

Qian Xuesen

Unlisted†

Held at Terminal Island in 1950 (Pre-FCI) on suspicion of Communist sympathies.

Chinese-born rocket scientist. Arrested September 1950 and held for two weeks at Terminal Island, released under government supervision. Left the U.S. in 1955 for China; made important contributions to Chinese nuclear, missile, and space programs.[2]

Liz Renay

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from 1959 to 1961 on a perjury charge.

Girlfriend of Los Angeles mob kingpin Mickey Cohen. Convicted of perjury in 1959 and served 27 months at Terminal Island.

Salvatore Bonanno

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from 1968 to 1972 on a credit card fraud conviction.

Consigliere for the Bonanno crime family in New York City in the 1960s and son of former boss Joseph Bonanno.[3][4]

Edward Bunker

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from 1973 to 1975.

Crime fiction writer, screenwriter and actor; wrote No Beast So Fierce while incarcerated at FCI Terminal Island, which was adapted into the movie Straight Time starring Dustin Hoffman. Later appeared in several movies, including Reservoir Dogs.[5]

Al Capone

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from 1939 to 1940.

Leader of the crime syndicate later known as the Chicago Outfit, which smuggled and bootlegged liquor during Prohibition in the 1920s; convicted of tax evasion in 1931.[6]

Henry Hill

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island in the 1970s.

Former associate of the Lucchese crime family in New York City; portrayed by Ray Liotta in the 1990 film Goodfellas.[7][8]

Timothy Leary

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island in 1974.

Harvard professor and LSD guru; convicted in 1970 of a prior prison escape and marijuana possession.[9]

Charles Manson

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from 1956 to 1958 for car theft and check fraud.

Had served a life sentence for murder at Corcoran State Prison; would later inspire Helter Skelter in murdering Sharon Tate and others in 1969; died in 2017.[10]

Anita O'Day

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island in 1954 on a conviction for heroin possession.

Acclaimed jazz singer during the swing era in the 1930s and 1940s.[11]

Mike Rizzitello

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island for nine months in 1987; for violating his parole for associating with organized crime affiliates.

Caporegime in the Los Angeles crime family from 1977-1990.

Rosario Gambino

Unlisted

Held at FCI Terminal Island to serve a 45-year sentence for selling heroin to an undercover police officer in 1984

A soldier of the Cherry Hill Gambinos; a crew in the Gambino crime family.

The Port Chicago 50

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from November 1944 to January 1946.

50 African-American sailors convicted of mutiny for refusing to load ammunition onto US Navy ships under unsafe conditions after the Port Chicago disaster, an explosion that killed 320 people, including 202 black sailors.[12]

Flora Purim

2775

Held at FCI Terminal Island in 1976.

Brazilian jazz singer at height of career during the mid-70s; convicted c. 1975 of cocaine possession.[13]

Owsley Stanley

Unlisted†

Held at FCI Terminal Island from 1970 to 1972.

Famous LSD chemist, counterculture figure and Grateful Dead sound engineer. Sent to Terminal Island after a judge revoked an earlier release because of a second drug bust.[14]

Looking at the following table and the passages listed.

Answer the following question: Which years did the sound-man for the rock band the Grateful Dead serve at Terminal Island ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Qian Xuesen , or Hsue-Shen Tsien ( Chinese : 钱学森 ; 11 December 1911 - 31 October 2009 ) , was a Chinese mathematician , cyberneticist , aerospace engineer , and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineering cybernetics . Recruited from MIT , he joined Theodore von Karman 's group at Caltech . During WWII , he was involved in the Manhattan Project , which ultimately led to the successful development of the first atomic bomb in America . Later on , he would eventually return to China , where he would make important contributions to China 's missile and space program . During the Second Red Scare , in the 1950s , the US federal government accused him of communist sympathies . In 1950 , despite protests by his colleagues , he was stripped of his security clearance . He decided to return to China , but he was detained at Terminal Island , near Los Angeles . After spending five years under house arrest , he was released in 1955 in exchange for the repatriation of American pilots who had been captured during the Korean War . He left the United States in September 1955 on the American President Lines passenger liner SS President Cleveland , arriving in China via Hong Kong . Upon his return , he helped lead the Chinese nuclear weapons program . This effort ultimately led to China 's first successful atomic bomb test and hydrogen bomb test , making China the fifth nuclear weapons state , and achieving the fastest fission-to-fusion development in history . Additionally , Qian 's work led to the development of the Dongfeng ballistic missile and the Chinese space program .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
Pearl Elizabeth Dobbins ( April 14 , 1926 - January 22 , 2007 ) , known as Liz Renay , was an American author and actress who appeared in John Waters ' film Desperate Living ( 1977 ) .
Meyer Harris Mickey Cohen ( September 4 , 1913 - July 29 , 1976 ) was an American gangster based in Los Angeles and boss of the Cohen crime family . He also had strong ties to the Italian American Mafia from the 1930s through 1960s .
Perjury is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth , whether spoken or in writing , concerning matters material to an official proceeding . [ A ] In some jurisdictions , contrary to popular misconception , no crime has occurred when a false statement is ( intentionally or unintentionally ) made while under oath or subject to penalty . Instead , criminal culpability attaches only at the instant the declarant falsely asserts the truth of statements ( made or to be made ) that are material to the outcome of the proceeding . For example , it is not perjury to lie about one 's age except if age is a fact material to influencing the legal result , such as eligibility for old age retirement benefits or whether a person was of an age to have legal capacity . Perjury is considered a serious offense , as it can be used to usurp the power of the courts , resulting in miscarriages of justice . In the United States , for example , the general perjury statute under federal law classifies perjury as a felony and provides for a prison sentence of up to five years . The California Penal Code allows for perjury to be a capital offense in cases causing wrongful execution . Perjury which caused the wrongful execution of another or in the pursuit of causing the wrongful execution of another is respectively construed as murder or attempted murder , and is normally itself punishable by execution in countries that retain the death penalty . Perjury is considered a felony in most U.S. states as well as most Australian states . In Queensland , under Section 124 of the Queensland Criminal Code Act 1899 , perjury is punishable by up to life in prison if it is committed to procure an innocent person for a crime that is punishable by life in prison . However , prosecutions for perjury are rare . In some countries such as France and Italy , suspects can not be heard under oath or affirmation and so can not commit perjury , regardless of what they say during their trial .
Salvatore Vincent Bill Bonanno ( November 5 , 1932 - January 1 , 2008 ) was an American consigliere of the Bonanno crime family , and son of crime boss Joseph Bonanno . Later in life , he became a writer and produced films for television about his family .
Consigliere ( /ˌkɒnsɪliˈɛəreɪ/ ; Italian : [ konsiʎˈʎɛːre ] , plural consiglieri ) is a position within the leadership structure of the Sicilian , Calabrian and American Mafia . The word was popularized in English by the novel The Godfather ( 1969 ) and its film adaptation . In the novel , a consigliere is an advisor or counselor to the boss , with the additional responsibility of representing the boss in important meetings both within the boss 's crime family and with other crime families . The consigliere is a close , trusted friend and confidant , the mob 's version of an elder statesman ; he is an advisor to the boss in a Mafia crime family , and sometimes is his 'right-hand man ' . By the very nature of the job , a consigliere is one of the few in the family who can argue with the boss , and is often tasked with challenging the boss when needed , to ensure subsequent plans are foolproof . In some depictions , he is devoid of ambition and dispenses disinterested advice . This passive image of the consigliere does not correspond with what little is known of real-life consiglieri , however . A real-life Mafia consigliere is generally the number-three person in a crime family , after the boss and underboss in most cases . The boss , underboss , and consigliere constitute a three-man ruling panel , or administration . The Genovese crime family are credited with inventing the rank of Messaggero , who is tasked with serving as a liaison between the other American Mafia families .
The Bonanno crime family ( pronounced [ boˈnanno ] ) is one of the Five Families that dominate organized crime activities in New York City , and in the United States , as part of the criminal phenomenon known as the American Mafia . Under the leadership of Joseph Bonanno between the 1930s and 1960s , the family was one of the most powerful in the country . However , in the early 1960s , Bonanno attempted to overthrow several leaders of the Commission , but failed . Bonanno had disappeared from 1964 to 1966 , ensuing the Banana War that lasted until 1968 , when Bonanno retired to Arizona . Between 1976 and 1981 , the family was infiltrated by an FBI agent calling himself Donnie Brasco , the family became the first of the New York families to be kicked off the Commission . The family only recovered in the 1990s under Joseph Massino , and by the dawn of the new millennium was not only back on the Commission , but also was the most powerful family in New York . However , in the early 2000s , a rash of convictions culminated in Massino himself becoming a government informant , the first boss of one of the Five Families in New York City to do so . The Bonanno family were seen as the most brutal of the New York five families during the 20th century .
Joseph Charles Bonanno ( born Giuseppe Carlo Bonanno ; Italian : [ dʒuˈzɛppe ˈkarlo boˈnanno ] ; January 18 , 1905 - May 11 , 2002 ) , sometimes referred to as Joe Bananas , was an Italian-born American crime boss of the Bonanno crime family , which he ran from 1931 to 1968 . Bonanno was born in Castellammare del Golfo , Sicily , where his father was also involved in organized crime . At the age of three , Bonanno immigrated to New York City with his family , for about 10 years before he moved back to Italy . He later slipped back into the United States in 1924 , by stowing away on a Cuban fishing boat bound for Tampa , Florida . After the Castellammarese War , Salvatore Maranzano was murdered in 1931 , and Bonanno took control of most of the crime family , and at age 26 , Bonanno became one of the youngest-ever bosses of a crime family . In 1963 , Bonanno made plans with Joseph Magliocco to assassinate several rivals on the Mafia Commission . When Magliocco gave the contract to one of his top hit men , Joseph Colombo , he revealed the plot to its targets . The Commission spared Magliocco 's life but forced him into retirement , while Bonanno fled to Canada . In 1964 , he briefly returned to New York before disappearing until 1966 . This ensued the Banana War that lasted until 1968 , when Bonanno retired to Arizona . Later in life , he became a writer , publishing the book A Man of Honor : The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno in 1983 . Bonanno died on May 11 , 2002 , in Tucson , Arizona .
Edward Heward Bunker ( December 31 , 1933 - July 19 , 2005 ) was an American author of crime fiction , a screenwriter , convicted felon and an actor . He wrote numerous books , some of which have been adapted into films . He was a screenwriter on Straight Time ( 1978 ) , Runaway Train ( 1985 ) and Animal Factory ( 2000 ) . He started on a criminal career at the very early age of five , [ citation needed ] and continued on this path throughout the years , returning to prison again and again . He was convicted of bank robbery , drug dealing , extortion , armed robbery , and forgery . [ citation needed ] A repeating pattern of convictions , paroles , releases and escapes , further crimes and new convictions continued until he was released yet again from prison in 1975 , at which point he finally left his criminal days permanently behind . Bunker stayed out of jail thereafter , and instead focused on his career as a writer and actor . In early 1999 he bought a taxi company in Kingston Ontario named Modern Taxi with his long time friend David Whickham . He later went on to sell his half of the company to Mr. Whickham after a falling out and his then ex wife Angie Furgusson each receiving 25% of the company at the time . The taxi company would later become the leading taxi company in Kingston having a high reputation for helping the less fortunate delivering all peoples needs to their front door . Towards the end of his life and having a passion for real estate he purchased a motel in Kingston named The Lord Nelson Motel and also purchasing an old Inn on Wolf Island that was featured on a PC only game called The Man with the Crooked Neck : Have you checked the Innnn ? His falling out with Dave came after Bunker had lost his license and needed to get around .
Crime fiction , detective story , murder mystery , mystery novel , and police novel : These terms all describe narratives that centre on criminal acts and especially on the investigation , either by an amateur or a professional detective , of a serious crime , generally a murder . It is usually distinguished from mainstream fiction and other genres such as historical fiction or science fiction , but the boundaries are indistinct . Crime fiction has multiple sub-genres , including detective fiction ( such as the whodunit ) , courtroom drama , hard-boiled fiction and legal thrillers . Most crime drama focuses on crime investigation and does not feature the court room . Suspense and mystery are key elements that are nearly ubiquitous to the genre .
A screenplay writer ( also called screenwriter for short ) , scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting , writing screenplays on which mass media , such as films , television programs and video games , are based .
Straight Time is a 1978 American crime drama film directed by Ulu Grosbard and starring Dustin Hoffman , Theresa Russell , Gary Busey , Harry Dean Stanton , M. Emmet Walsh and Kathy Bates . The movie is based on the novel No Beast So Fierce , by Edward Bunker , who also acts in the movie .
Dustin Lee Hoffman ( born August 8 , 1937 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . He is known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and emotionally vulnerable characters . He is the recipient of numerous accolades including two Academy Awards , six Golden Globe Awards ( including the Cecil B. DeMille Award ) , four BAFTAs , three Drama Desk Awards , and two Emmy Awards . Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999 and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012 . Hoffman first drew critical praise for starring in the play Eh ? , for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award . His breakthrough film role was as Benjamin Braddock in critically acclaimed and iconic The Graduate ( 1967 ) . Since that time , Hoffman 's career has largely been focused on the cinema , with sporadic returns to television and to the stage . Hoffman 's films include Midnight Cowboy , Little Big Man , Papillon , Lenny , Marathon Man , All the President 's Men , Kramer vs. Kramer , Tootsie , Rain Man , Hook , and Wag the Dog . He made his directorial debut in 2012 , with Quartet , and has done voice work for the Kung Fu Panda film series and The Tale of Despereaux .
Reservoir Dogs is a 1992 American independent crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino in his feature-length debut . It stars Harvey Keitel , Tim Roth , Chris Penn , Steve Buscemi , Lawrence Tierney , Michael Madsen , Tarantino , and Edward Bunker , as diamond thieves whose planned heist of a jewelry store goes terribly wrong . The film depicts the events before and after the heist . Kirk Baltz , Randy Brooks and Steven Wright also play supporting roles . It incorporates many motifs that have become Tarantino 's hallmarks : violent crime , pop culture references , profanity , and nonlinear storytelling . The film is regarded as a classic of independent film and a cult film , and was named Greatest Independent Film of all Time by Empire . Although controversial for its depictions of violence and use of profanity , Reservoir Dogs was generally well received , with the cast being praised by many critics . Despite not being heavily promoted during its theatrical run , the film became a modest success in the United States after grossing $ 2.8 million against its $ 1.2 million budget , and was more successful in the United Kingdom , grossing nearly £6.5 million . It achieved higher popularity after the success of Tarantino 's next film , Pulp Fiction ( 1994 ) . A soundtrack was released featuring songs used in the film , which are mostly from the 1970s .
Alphonse Gabriel Capone ( /ˈkəˈpoʊn/ , Italian : [ kaˈpoːne ] ; January 17 , 1899 - January 25 , 1947 ) , sometimes known by the nickname Scarface , was an American gangster and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit . His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he went to prison at age 33 . Capone was born in New York City in 1899 to Italian immigrant parents . He joined the Five Points Gang as a teenager , and became a bouncer in organized crime premises such as brothels . In his early twenties , he moved to Chicago and became a bodyguard and trusted factotum for Johnny Torrio , head of a criminal syndicate that illegally supplied alcohol - the forerunner of the Outfit - and was politically protected through the Unione Siciliana . A conflict with the North Side Gang was instrumental in Capone 's rise and fall . Torrio went into retirement after North Side gunmen almost killed him , handing control to Capone . Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means , but his mutually profitable relationships with mayor William Hale Thompson and the city 's police meant he seemed safe from law enforcement . Capone apparently reveled in attention , such as the cheers from spectators when he appeared at ball games . He made donations to various charities and was viewed by many as modern-day Robin Hood . However , the Saint Valentine 's Day Massacre , in which seven gang rivals were murdered in broad daylight , damaged Chicago 's and Capone 's image , leading influential citizens to demand government action and newspapers to dub Capone Public Enemy No . 1 .
The Chicago Outfit ( also known as the Outfit , the Chicago Mafia , the Chicago Mob , the South Side Gang , or The Organization ) is an Italian-American organized crime syndicate based in Chicago , Illinois , which dates from the 1910s . It is part of the American Mafia originating in South Side , Chicago . The Outfit rose to power in the 1920s under the control of Johnny Torrio and Al Capone , and the period was marked by bloody gang wars for control of the distribution of illegal alcohol during Prohibition . Since then , the Outfit has been involved in a wide range of criminal activities , including loansharking , gambling , prostitution , extortion , political corruption , and murder . Capone was convicted of income tax evasion in 1931 , and the Outfit was next run by Paul Ricca . He shared power with Tony Accardo from 1943 until his death in 1972 ; Accardo became the sole power in the Outfit upon Ricca 's death and was one of the longest-sitting bosses of all time upon his death in the early 1990s . The Outfit did not have a monopoly on organized crime in Chicago , but it was the most powerful , violent , and largest criminal organization in the Midwest . Its influence at its peak stretched as far as California and Florida . Higher law enforcement attention and general attrition has led to its gradual decline since the late 20th century . From 1997 to 2018 , the Chicago Outfit was believed to be led by John DiFronzo .
Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects , substances , information or people , such as out of a house or buildings , into a prison , or across an international border , in violation of applicable laws or other regulations . There are various motivations to smuggle . These include the participation in illegal trade , such as in the drug trade , illegal weapons trade , exotic wildlife trade , illegal immigration or illegal emigration , tax evasion , providing contraband to a prison inmate , or the theft of the items being smuggled . Smuggling is a common theme in literature , from Bizet 's opera Carmen to the James Bond spy books ( and later films ) Diamonds are Forever and Goldfinger .
Rum-running , or bootlegging , is the illegal business of transporting ( smuggling ) alcoholic beverages where such transportation is forbidden by law . Smuggling usually takes place to circumvent taxation or prohibition laws within a particular jurisdiction . The term rum-running is more commonly applied to smuggling over water ; bootlegging is applied to smuggling over land . It is believed that the term bootlegging originated during the American Civil War , when soldiers would sneak liquor into army camps by concealing pint bottles within their boots or beneath their trouser legs . Also , according to the PBS documentary Prohibition , the term bootlegging was popularized when thousands of city dwellers sold liquor from flasks they kept in their boot legs all across major cities and rural areas . The term rum-running most likely originated at the start of Prohibition in the United States ( 1920-1933 ) , when ships from Bimini in the western Bahamas transported cheap Caribbean rum to Florida speakeasies . But rum 's cheapness made it a low-profit item for the rum-runners , and they soon moved on to smuggling Canadian whisky , French champagne , and English gin to major cities like New York City , Boston , and Chicago , where prices ran high . It was said [ by whom ? ] that some ships carried $ 200,000 in contraband in a single run .
Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production , importation , transportation , and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933 . Prohibitionists first attempted to end the trade in alcoholic beverages during the 19th century . Led by pietistic Protestants , they aimed to heal what they saw as an ill society beset by alcohol-related problems such as alcoholism , family violence and saloon-based political corruption . Many communities introduced alcohol bans in the late 19th and early 20th century , and enforcement of these new prohibition laws became a topic of debate . Prohibition supporters , called drys , presented it as a battle for public morals and health . The movement was taken up by social Progressives in the Prohibition , Democratic , and Republican parties and gained a national grassroots base through the Woman 's Christian Temperance Union . After 1900 , it was coordinated by the Anti-Saloon League . Opposition from the beer industry mobilized wet supporters from the wealthy Catholic and German Lutheran communities , but the influence of these groups receded from 1917 following the entry of the US into the First World War against Germany . The brewing industry was curtailed by a succession of state legislatures , and finally ended nationwide under the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1920 , which passed with a 68 percent supermajority in the House of Representatives and 76 percent support in the Senate as well as ratification by forty-six out of forty-eight states . Enabling legislation , known as the Volstead Act , set down the rules for enforcing the federal ban and defined the types of alcoholic beverages that were prohibited . Not all alcohol was banned ; for example , religious use of wine was permitted . Private ownership and consumption of alcohol were not made illegal under federal law , but local laws were stricter in many areas , with some states banning possession outright .
Tax evasion is the illegal evasion of taxes by individuals , corporations , and trusts . Tax evasion often entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability and includes dishonest tax reporting , such as declaring less income , profits or gains than the amounts actually earned , or overstating deductions . Tax evasion is an activity commonly associated with the informal economy . One measure of the extent of tax evasion ( the tax gap ) is the amount of unreported income , which is the difference between the amount of income that should be reported to the tax authorities and the actual amount reported . In contrast , tax avoidance is the legal use of tax laws to reduce one 's tax burden . Both tax evasion and avoidance can be viewed as forms of tax noncompliance , as they describe a range of activities that intend to subvert a state 's tax system , although such classification of tax avoidance is not indisputable , given that avoidance is lawful , within self-creating systems .
Henry Hill Jr. ( June 11 , 1943 - June 12 , 2012 ) was an American mobster who was associated with the Lucchese crime family of New York City between 1955 and 1980 . In 1980 , Hill was arrested on narcotics charges and became an FBI informant . He testified against his former mafia associates , resulting in 50 convictions , including those of caporegime ( captain ) Paul Vario and James Burke on multiple charges . He had entered the Witness Protection Program in 1980 , but was removed from the program in the early 1990s . Hill 's life story was documented in the true crime book Wiseguy : Life in a Mafia Family by Nicholas Pileggi , which was subsequently adapted by Martin Scorsese into the critically acclaimed film Goodfellas in 1990 . Hill was portrayed by Ray Liotta in the film .
The Lucchese crime family ( pronounced [ lukˈkeːze ] ) is one of the Five Families that dominate organized crime activities in New York City , United States , within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the American Mafia . The family originated in the early 1920s with Gaetano Reina serving as boss up until his murder in 1930 . It was taken over by Tommy Gagliano during the Castellammarese War , and led by him until his death in 1951 . The family under Gagliano was peaceful and low key , concentrating their criminal activities in the Bronx , Manhattan and New Jersey . The next boss was Tommy Lucchese who served as Gagliano 's underboss for over 20 years , who turned the family around to become one of the most powerful families to sit on the Commission . Lucchese teamed up with Gambino crime family boss Carlo Gambino to control organized crime in New York City . Lucchese had a stronghold on the garment industry in New York and took control of many crime rackets for his crime family . When Lucchese died of a brain tumor in 1967 , Carmine Tramunti controlled the family for a brief time ; he was arrested in 1973 for funding a major heroin network and died five years later . Anthony Corallo then gained control of the family . Corallo was very secretive and soon became one of the most powerful members of the Commission . He was arrested and convicted in the famous Commission case of 1986 . For most of its history , the Lucchese family was reckoned as one of the most peaceful crime families in the nation .
Raymond Allen Liotta ( Italian : [ liˈɔtta ] ; born December 18 , 1954 ) is an American actor , voice actor and film producer . Liotta is known for playing Henry Hill in the crime drama Goodfellas ( 1990 ) . His other roles include Ray Sinclair in Jonathan Demme 's Something Wild ( 1986 ) , for which he received a Golden Globe nomination , Shoeless Joe Jackson in Field of Dreams ( 1989 ) , Officer Pete Davis in Unlawful Entry ( 1992 ) , Officer Gary Figgis in Cop Land ( 1997 ) , Paul Krendler in Hannibal ( 2001 ) , Fred Jung in Blow ( 2001 ) , Tommy Vercetti in the video game Grand Theft Auto : Vice City ( 2002 ) , Chief Gus Monroe in John Q ( 2002 ) , Samuel Rhodes in Identity ( 2003 ) , himself in Bee Movie ( 2007 ) , Markie Trattman in Killing Them Softly ( 2012 ) , and Peter Deluca in The Place Beyond the Pines ( 2012 ) . He also starred as Lieutenant Matt Wozniak in the television drama Shades of Blue ( 2016-2018 ) .
Goodfellas ( stylized GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese , produced by Irwin Winkler and distributed by Warner Bros . It is an adaptation of the 1985 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends and family from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially titled the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the title to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked most and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Goodfellas premiered at the 47th Venice International Film Festival on September 9 , 1990 , and was released in the United States on September 19 , 1990 . The film was made on a budget of $ 25 million , and grossed $ 46.8 million . The critical consensus on Rotten Tomatoes calls it arguably the high point of Martin Scorsese 's career . The film was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning for Best Supporting Actor . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director .
Timothy Francis Leary ( October 22 , 1920 - May 31 , 1996 ) was an American psychologist and writer known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs . As a clinical psychologist at Harvard University , Leary worked on the Harvard Psilocybin Project from 1960-62 ( LSD and psilocybin were still legal in the United States at the time ) , resulting in the Concord Prison Experiment and the Marsh Chapel Experiment . The scientific legitimacy and ethics of his research were questioned by other Harvard faculty because he took psychedelics along with research subjects and pressured students to join in . Leary and his colleague , Richard Alpert ( who later became known as Ram Dass ) , were fired from Harvard University in May 1963 . Most people first heard of psychedelics after the Harvard scandal . Leary believed that LSD showed potential for therapeutic use in psychiatry . He used LSD himself and developed a philosophy of mind expansion and personal truth through LSD . After leaving Harvard , he continued to publicly promote the use of psychedelic drugs and became a well-known figure of the counterculture of the 1960s . He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy , such as turn on , tune in , drop out , set and setting , and think for yourself and question authority . He also wrote and spoke frequently about transhumanist concepts of space migration , intelligence increase , and life extension ( SMI²LE ) . Leary developed the eight-circuit model of consciousness in his book Exo-Psychology ( 1977 ) and gave lectures , occasionally billing himself as a performing philosopher . During the 1960s and 1970s , he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 36 prisons worldwide .
Lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) , also known as acid , is a hallucinogenic drug . Effects typically include altered thoughts , feelings , and awareness of one 's surroundings . Many users see or hear things that do not exist . Dilated pupils , increased blood pressure , and increased body temperature are typical . Effects typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 12 hours . It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons . LSD does not appear to be addictive , although tolerance may occur with use of increasing doses . Adverse psychiatric reactions are possible , such as anxiety , paranoia , and delusions . Distressing flashbacks might occur in spite of no further use , a condition called hallucinogen persisting perception disorder . Death is very rare as a result of LSD , though it occasionally occurs in accidents . The effects of LSD are believed to occur as a result of alterations in the serotonin system . As little as 20 micrograms can produce an effect .
Charles Milles Manson ( né Maddox , November 12 , 1934 - November 19 , 2017 ) was an American criminal and cult leader . In mid-1967 , he formed what became known as the Manson Family , a quasi-commune based in California . His followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in July and August 1969 . According to the Los Angeles County district attorney , Manson plotted to start a race war , though he and others disputed this motive . In 1971 , he was convicted of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder for the deaths of seven people . The prosecution conceded that Manson never literally ordered the murders , but they contended that his ideology constituted an overt act of conspiracy . Manson was also convicted of first-degree murder for the deaths of Gary Hinman and Donald Shea . Manson was an unemployed ex-convict who had spent more than half of his life in correctional institutions at the time when he began gathering his cult following . Before the murders , he was a singer-songwriter on the fringe of the Los Angeles music industry , chiefly through a chance association with Dennis Wilson of the Beach Boys . In 1968 , the Beach Boys recorded Manson 's song Cease to Exist , retitled Never Learn Not to Love as the B-side on one of their singles , but without a credit to Manson . The Los Angeles district attorney said that Manson was obsessed with the Beatles , particularly their 1968 self-titled album known as the White Album . He claimed to be guided by his interpretation of the Beatles ' lyrics and adopted the term Helter Skelter to describe an impending apocalyptic race war .
California State Prison , Corcoran ( COR ) is a male-only state prison located in the city of Corcoran , in Kings County , California . It is also known as Corcoran State Prison , CSP-C , CSP-COR , CSP-Corcoran , and Corcoran I . The facility is just north of the newer California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison , Corcoran ( Corcoran II ) .
The Helter Skelter scenario is a theory put forth by Vincent Bugliosi , lead prosecutor in the Tate-LaBianca murder trial , to explain the series of murders committed by the Manson Family . Bugliosi described his theory at trial and in his book Helter Skelter : The True Story of the Manson Murders . Charles Manson often spoke to the members of his family about Helter Skelter in the months leading up to the murders of Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca in August 1969 , an apocalyptic war arising from racial tensions between blacks and whites . :311-2 This chimerical vision involved reference to music of the Beatles , particularly songs from their 1968 double album The Beatles ( commonly known as the White Album ) , and to the New Testament 's Book of Revelation . :238-44 Manson and his followers were convicted of the murders based on the prosecution 's theory that they were part of a plan to trigger the Helter Skelter scenario .
Sharon Marie Tate ( January 24 , 1943 - August 9 , 1969 ) was an American actress and model . During the 1960s , she played small television roles before appearing in films and was regularly featured in fashion magazines as a model and cover girl . After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances , Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood 's most promising newcomers . Tate made her film debut in 1961 in Barabbas with Anthony Quinn . She was next seen in 1966 with the occult-themed Eye of the Devil . Her most remembered performance was as Jennifer North in the 1967 cult classic film , Valley of the Dolls , earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination . Tate 's last completed film , 12+1 , was released posthumously in 1969 . Two years before her death she performed in the film The Fearless Vampire Killers directed by her future husband Roman Polanski . On August 9 , 1969 , Tate and four others were murdered by members of the Manson Family in the home she shared with her husband , director Roman Polanski . At the time of her death , she was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with the couple 's son .
Anita O'Day ( born Anita Belle Colton ; October 18 , 1919 - November 23 , 2006 ) was an American jazz singer and self proclaimed song stylist widely admired for her sense of rhythm and dynamics , and her early big band appearances that shattered the traditional image of the girl singer . Refusing to pander to any female stereotype , O'Day presented herself as a hip jazz musician , wearing a band jacket and skirt as opposed to an evening gown . She changed her surname from Colton to O'Day , pig Latin for dough , slang for money .
Heroin , also known as diamorphine among other names , is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects . It is used medically in several countries to relieve pain or in opioid replacement therapy . It is typically injected , usually into a vein , but it can also be smoked , snorted , or inhaled . The onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few hours . Common side effects include respiratory depression ( decreased breathing ) , dry mouth , drowsiness , impaired mental function , constipation , and addiction . Side effects of use by injection can include abscesses , infected heart valves , blood-borne infections , and pneumonia . After a history of long-term use , opioid withdrawal symptoms can begin within hours of the last use . When given by injection into a vein , heroin has two to three times the effect of a similar dose of morphine . It typically comes as a white or brown powder . Treatment of heroin addiction often includes behavioral therapy and medications . Medications can include buprenorphine , methadone , or naltrexone . A heroin overdose may be treated with naloxone .
Michael Anthony Rizzitello ( March 29 , 1927 - October 26 , 2005 ) , also known as Mike Rizzi , was an Italian American mobster in the Los Angeles crime family . Rizzitello 's criminal record stretched back to 1947 . He was also featured in several biography novels by mobsters-turned-informants Jimmy Fratianno ( The Last Mafioso and Vengeance Is Mine ) , Anthony Fiato ( The Animal in Hollywood ) , and Kenny Gallo ( Breakshot ) .
A caporegime or capodecina , usually shortened to just a capo , is a rank used in the Mafia ( both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia ) for a made member of the crime family who heads a crew of soldiers and has major social status and influence in the organization . Caporegime is an Italian word , which is used to signify the head of a family in Sicily , but has now come to mean a ranking member , similar to captain or senior sergeant in a military unit . In general , the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the Don ( Boss ) or an Underboss or Streetboss . The shortened version capo has been used to refer to certain high-ranking members of Latin American drug cartels as well .
The Los Angeles crime family , also known as the L.A. Mafia , is an Italian American criminal organization based in California , as part of the American Mafia ( or Cosa Nostra ) . Since its inception in the early 20th century , it has spread throughout Southern California . Like most Mafia families in the United States , the L.A. crime family gained power bootlegging alcohol during the Prohibition Era . The L.A. family reached its peak strength in the 1940s and early 1950s under Jack Dragna , who was on The Commission , although the L.A. family was never larger than the New York or Chicago families . Since Jack Dragna 's death , the Los Angeles crime family has been on a gradual decline , with the Chicago Outfit representing them on The Commission . The sources for much of the current information on the history of the Los Angeles Cosa Nostra family is the courtroom testimony and the published biographies of Aladena Jimmy the Weasel Fratianno , who in the late 1970s became the second member-and the first acting boss-in American Mafia history to testify against Mafia members , and The Last Mafioso ( 1981 ) , a biography of Fratianno by Ovid Demaris . Since the 1980s , the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ( RICO Act ) has been effective in convicting mobsters and shrinking the American Mafia ; like all families in the United States , the L.A. Mafia now only holds a fraction of its former power . Not having a strong concentration of Italian-Americans in the region leaves the family to contend with the many street gangs of other ethnicities in the city . The Los Angeles crime family is the last Mafia family left in the state of California .
Rosario Sal Gambino ( Italian pronunciation : [ roˈzaːrjo ɡamˈbiːno ] ; born January 12 , 1942 ) is an Italian mobster in the Gambino crime family . He became nationally known when he and his brothers set up a multimillion dollar heroin cartel during the 1970s and 1980s . At the turn of the century he made headline news again when members of his family were suspected of trying to get him a presidential pardon through bribery .
In the American Mafia , a made man is a fully initiated member of the Mafia . To become made , an associate first must be Italian or of Italian descent and sponsored by another made man . An inductee will be required to take the oath of Omertà , the mafia code of silence . After the induction ceremony , the associate becomes a made man and holds the rank of soldier ( Italian : soldato ) in the Mafia hierarchy . Made men are the only ones who can rise through the ranks of the Mafia , from soldier to caporegime , consigliere , underboss , and boss . Other common names for members include man of honor ( Italian : uomo d'onore ) , man of respect ( Italian : uomo di rispetto ) , one of us , friend of ours , good fella , and wiseguy ; although the last two terms can also apply to non-initiated Mafia associates who work closely with the Mafia , rather than just official made men . Earning or making one 's bones or button or becoming a button man for the Mafia is usually synonymous with becoming a made man . Other street terms for being initiated into the Mafia include being straightened out or baptized , and earning one 's badge . Soldato ( Italian for soldier ) is also usually synonymous with made man , as one must generally be officially made to move from the rank of associate to the rank of soldato . The books are open is a phrase used in the Mafia to indicate that a particular Mafia family is ready to accept new members ; conversely , if a family is unwilling or unable to accept new members , the books are closed . In Sicily , the proper term for a member of the Sicilian Mafia is in Italian uomo d'onore , or in Sicilian omu d'onuri . Mafioso is a common term used colloquially and by the press and academics , but it is generally not used by members of the Italian-American and Sicilian Mafia themselves .
The Gambino crime family ( pronounced [ ɡamˈbiːno ] ) is one of the Five Families that dominate organized crime activities in New York City , United States , within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the American Mafia . The group , which went through five bosses between 1910 and 1957 , is named after Carlo Gambino , boss of the family at the time of the McClellan hearings in 1963 , when the structure of organized crime first gained public attention . The group 's operations extend from New York and the eastern seaboard to California . Its illicit activities include labor and construction racketeering , gambling , loansharking , extortion , money laundering , prostitution , fraud , hijacking , and fencing . The family was one of the five families that were founded in New York after the Castellammarese War of 1931 . For most of the next quarter-century , it was a minor player in organized crime . Its most prominent member during this time was its underboss Albert Anastasia , who rose to infamy as the operating head of the underworld 's enforcement arm , Murder , Inc . He remained in power even after Murder , Inc. was smashed in the late 1940s , and took over his family in 1951 - by all accounts , after murdering the family 's founder Vincent Mangano . The rise of what was the most powerful crime family in America for a time began in 1957 , when Anastasia was assassinated while sitting in a barber chair at the Park Sheraton Hotel in Manhattan . Experts believe that Anastasia 's underboss Carlo Gambino helped orchestrate the hit to take over the family . Gambino partnered with Meyer Lansky to control gambling interests in Cuba . The family 's fortunes grew through 1976 , when Gambino appointed his brother-in-law Paul Castellano as boss upon his death .
The Port Chicago disaster was a deadly munitions explosion that occurred on July 17 , 1944 , at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in Port Chicago , California , United States . Munitions detonated while being loaded onto a cargo vessel bound for the Pacific Theater of Operations , killing 320 sailors and civilians and injuring 390 others . Most of the dead and injured were enlisted African American sailors . A month later , unsafe conditions inspired hundreds of servicemen to refuse to load munitions , an act known as the Port Chicago Mutiny . Fifty men‍ - ‌called the Port Chicago 50‍ - ‌were convicted of mutiny and sentenced to 15 years of prison and hard labor , as well as a dishonorable discharge . Forty-seven of the 50 were released in January 1946 ; the remaining three served additional months in prison . During and after the trial , questions were raised about the fairness and legality of the court-martial proceedings . Owing to public pressure , the United States Navy reconvened the courts-martial board in 1945 ; the court affirmed the guilt of the convicted men . Widespread publicity surrounding the case turned it into a cause célèbre among certain Americans ; it and other race-related Navy protests of 1944-45 led the Navy to change its practices and initiate the desegregation of its forces beginning in February 1946 . In 1994 , the Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial was dedicated to the lives lost in the disaster . On June 11 , 2019 , A concurrent resolution sponsored by Representative Mark DeSaulnier was agreed upon by the 116th congress . The resolution recognized the victims of the explosion and officially exonerated the 50 men court-martialed by the Navy .
Mutiny is a criminal conspiracy among a group of people ( typically members of the military or the crew of any ship , even if they are civilians ) to openly oppose , change , or overthrow a lawful authority to which they are subject . The term is commonly used for a rebellion among members of the military against their superior officers , but it can also occasionally refer to any type of rebellion against lawful authority or governances . During the Age of Discovery , mutiny particularly meant open rebellion against a ship 's captain . This occurred , for example , during Ferdinand Magellan 's journeys around the world , resulting in the killing of one mutineer , the execution of another , and the marooning of others ; on Henry Hudson 's Discovery resulting in Hudson and others being set adrift in a boat ; and the notorious mutiny on the Bounty .
The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy .
The Port Chicago disaster was a deadly munitions explosion that occurred on July 17 , 1944 , at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine in Port Chicago , California , United States . Munitions detonated while being loaded onto a cargo vessel bound for the Pacific Theater of Operations , killing 320 sailors and civilians and injuring 390 others . Most of the dead and injured were enlisted African American sailors . A month later , unsafe conditions inspired hundreds of servicemen to refuse to load munitions , an act known as the Port Chicago Mutiny . Fifty men‍ - ‌called the Port Chicago 50‍ - ‌were convicted of mutiny and sentenced to 15 years of prison and hard labor , as well as a dishonorable discharge . Forty-seven of the 50 were released in January 1946 ; the remaining three served additional months in prison . During and after the trial , questions were raised about the fairness and legality of the court-martial proceedings . Owing to public pressure , the United States Navy reconvened the courts-martial board in 1945 ; the court affirmed the guilt of the convicted men . Widespread publicity surrounding the case turned it into a cause célèbre among certain Americans ; it and other race-related Navy protests of 1944-45 led the Navy to change its practices and initiate the desegregation of its forces beginning in February 1946 . In 1994 , the Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial was dedicated to the lives lost in the disaster . On June 11 , 2019 , A concurrent resolution sponsored by Representative Mark DeSaulnier was agreed upon by the 116th congress . The resolution recognized the victims of the explosion and officially exonerated the 50 men court-martialed by the Navy .
Flora Purim ( born March 6 , 1942 ) is a Brazilian jazz singer known primarily for her work in the jazz fusion style . She became prominent for her part in Return to Forever with Chick Corea and Stanley Clarke . She has recorded and performed with numerous artists , including Dizzy Gillespie , Gil Evans , Opa , Stan Getz , George Duke , Mickey Hart of the Grateful Dead , Santana , Jaco Pastorius , and her husband Airto Moreira . In 2002 , Purim was the recipient of one of Brazil 's highest awards , the 2002 Ordem do Rio Branco for Lifetime Achievement . She has been called The Queen of Brazilian Jazz .
Augustus Owsley Stanley III ( January 19 , 1935 - March 12 , 2011 ) was an American audio engineer and clandestine chemist . He was a key figure in the San Francisco Bay Area hippie movement during the 1960s and played a pivotal role in the decades counterculture . Under the professional name Bear , he was the soundman for the rock band the Grateful Dead , whom he met when Ken Kesey invited them to an Acid Test party . As their sound engineer , Stanley frequently recorded live tapes behind his mixing board and developed their Wall of Sound sound system , one of the largest mobile public address systems ever constructed . Stanley also designed the band 's trademark skull logo . Stanley was the first known private individual to manufacture mass quantities of LSD . By his own account , between 1965 and 1967 , Stanley produced no less than 500 grams of LSD , amounting to a little more than five million doses . He died in a car accident in Australia ( where he had taken citizenship in 1996 ) on March 12 , 2011 .