List of American Civil War generals (Union)
Union generals -- S
Table:
Image
Name
Substantive
Rank
Brevet
Rank
Notes

Sackett, William

Colonel, USV
(May 1, 1863)

Brigadier general, USV
(March 13, 1865)

DOW, Battle of Trevilian Station (w. June 11, 1864, d. June 14, 1864)

Salomon, Frederick C.
(aka Salomon, Friedrich)

Brigadier general, USV
(July 16, 1862)

Major general, USV
(March 13, 1865)

Brother of Wisconsin Governor Edward Salomon

Sanborn, John Benjamin

Brigadier general, USV
(August 4, 1863)

Major general, USV
(February 10, 1865)

Sanders, William Price

Captain, USA
(May 14, 1861)
Colonel, USV (March 4, 1863)

USMA, 1856
Appointed Brigadier general, USV (October 18, 1863) but not confirmed by U.S. Senate before his death one month later. Despite being listed as a "might have been" by Eicher, 2001, pp. 609-610, Warner, 1964, pp. 419-420 lists him as a brig. gen. without qualification.
DOW, Siege of Knoxville (w. November 18, 1863, d. November 19, 1863)

Saxton, Rufus

Captain, USA
(May 13, 1861)
Brigadier general, USV
(April 15, 1862)

Brigadier general, USA
(April 9, 1865)
Major general, USV
(January 12, 1865)

USMA, 1849
MOH for defense of Harper's Ferry during Jackson's Valley Campaign (May 26–30, 1862)

Scammon, Eliakim Parker

Brigadier general, USV
(October 15, 1862)

USMA, 1837

Schenck, Robert Cumming

Major general, USV
(August 30, 1862)

Resigned December 5, 1863
U.S. Congressman from Ohio (1843–1851, 1863–1871)
U.S. minister to Brazil (1851–1853)
U.S. minister to the Court of St. James (1871–1876)

Schimmelfennig, Alexander

Brigadier general, USV
(November 29, 1862)

Died of tuberculosis September 5, 1865

Schoepf, Albin Francisco

Brigadier general, USV
(September 30, 1861)

Schofield, John McAllister

Brigadier general, USA
(November 30, 1864)
Major general, USV
(November 29, 1862)

Major general, USA
(March 13, 1865)

USMA, 1853
MOH, Battle of Wilson's Creek (August 10, 1861)
Secretary of War (1868–1869)
Superintendent, USMA (1876–1881)
General-in-Chief of the U.S. Army (1888–1895)
Commander-in-chief, MOLLUS (1899–1903)

Schurz, Carl

Major general, USV
(March 14, 1863)

Resigned May 6, 1865
U.S. minister to Spain (1861)
U.S. Senator from Missouri (1869–1875)
Secretary of the Interior (1877–1881)

Scott, Robert Kingston

Brigadier general, USV
(January 12, 1865)

Major general, USV
(December 5, 1865)

Governor of South Carolina (1868–1872)

Scott, Winfield

Major general, USA
(June 25, 1841)

Lieutenant general, USA
(March 29, 1847)

Retired November 1, 1861
General-in-Chief (1841–1861)
Twice received the Congressional Gold Medal (November 3, 1814; March 9, 1848)
Author of the Anaconda Plan to defeat the Confederacy

Sedgwick, John

Colonel, USA
(April 25, 1861)
Major general, USV
(July 4, 1862)

USMA, 1837
KIA, Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 9, 1864)
Highest-ranked Union general KIA

Sewell, William Joyce

Colonel, USV
(October 1, 1864)

Major general, USV
(March 13, 1865)

MOH, Battle of Chancellorsville (May 3, 1863)
U.S. Senator from New Jersey (1881–1887, 1895–1901)

Seward, William Henry, Jr.

Brigadier general, USV
(September 13, 1864)

Resigned June 1, 1865
Son of Secretary of State William Henry Seward

Seymour, Truman

Captain, USA
(November 22, 1860
Brigadier general, USV
(April 28, 1862)

Major general, USA
(March 13, 1865)
Major general, USV
(March 13, 1865)

USMA, 1846

Shackelford, James Murrell

Brigadier general, USV
(January 2, 1863)

Resigned January 18, 1864

Shaler, Alexander

Brigadier general, USV
(May 26, 1863)

Major general, USV
(July 27, 1863)

MOH, Second Battle of Fredericksburg (May 3, 1863)

Shepard, Isaac Fitzgerald

Brigadier general, USV
(October 27, 1863)

Appointment expired July 4, 1864

From the provided table along with the passages listed at the end.

Respond to the question below: Which general who received two Brevets in 1865 passed on Feb 23 , 1908 ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

In many of the world 's military establishments , a brevet ( /brəˈvɛt/ ( listen ) or /ˈbrɛvɪt/ ( listen ) ) was a warrant giving a commissioned officer a higher rank title as a reward for gallantry or meritorious conduct but without conferring the authority , precedence , or pay of real rank . An officer so promoted was referred to as being brevetted ( for example , he was brevetted Major General ) . The promotion would be noted in the officer 's title ( for example , Bvt . Maj. Gen. Joshua L. Chamberlain or Bvt . Col. Arthur MacArthur ) . It is not to be confused with a brevet in Francophone European military circles , where it is an award , nor should it be confused with temporary commissions .
The Battle of Trevilian Station ( also called Trevilians ) was fought on June 11-12 , 1864 , in Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant 's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee 's Army of Northern Virginia . Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan fought against Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gens . Wade Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee in the bloodiest and largest all-cavalry battle of the war . Sheridan 's objectives for his raid were to destroy stretches of the Virginia Central Railroad , provide a diversion that would occupy Confederate cavalry from understanding Grant 's planned crossing of the James River , and to link up with the army of Maj. Gen. David Hunter at Charlottesville . Hampton 's cavalry beat Sheridan to the railroad at Trevilian Station and on June 11 they fought to a standstill . Brig . Gen. George A. Custer entered the Confederate rear area and captured Hampton 's supply train , but soon became surrounded and fought desperately to avoid destruction . On June 12 , the cavalry forces clashed again to the northwest of Trevilian Station , and seven assaults by Brig . Gen. Alfred T. A. Torbert 's Union division were repulsed with heavy losses . Sheridan withdrew his force to rejoin Grant 's army . The battle was a tactical victory for the Confederates and Sheridan failed to achieve his goal of permanently destroying the Virginia Central Railroad or of linking up with Hunter . Its distraction , however , may have contributed to Grant 's successful crossing of the James River .
Frederick ( Friedrich ) C. Salomon ( April 7 , 1826 - March 8 , 1897 ) was a German immigrant to the United States who served as a Union brigadier general in the American Civil War .
The Governor of Wisconsin is the highest executive authority in the government of the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The position was first filled by Nelson Dewey on June 7 , 1848 , the year Wisconsin became a state . Prior to statehood , there were four Governors of Wisconsin Territory . The current governor is Tony Evers , a Democrat who took office on January 7 , 2019 .
Edward Salomon ( August 11 , 1828 - April 21 , 1909 ) was a German American politician and the 8th Governor of Wisconsin , having ascended to office from the Lieutenant Governorship after the accidental drowning of his predecessor , Louis P. Harvey . He was the first Jewish Governor of Wisconsin .
John Benjamin Sanborn ( December 5 , 1826 - May 6 , 1904 ) was a lawyer , politician , and soldier from the state of New Hampshire who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He was also a key member of the postbellum Congressional-appointed Indian Peace Commission , which negotiated and signed several important treaties with native American tribes .
William Price Sanders ( August 12 , 1833 - November 19 , 1863 ) was an officer in the Union Army in the American Civil War , who died at the Siege of Knoxville .
The Knoxville campaign was a series of American Civil War battles and maneuvers in East Tennessee during the fall of 1863 designed to secure control of the city of Knoxville and with it the railroad that linked the Confederacy east and west , and position the First Corps under Longstreet for return to the Army of Northern Virginia . Union Army forces under Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside occupied Knoxville , Tennessee , and Confederate States Army forces under Lt. Gen. James Longstreet were detached from Gen. Braxton Bragg 's Army of Tennessee at Chattanooga to prevent Burnside 's reinforcement of the besieged Federal forces there . Ultimately , Longstreet 's own siege of Knoxville ended when Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman led elements of the Army of the Tennessee and other troops to Burnside 's relief after Union troops had broken the Confederate siege of Chattanooga . Although Longstreet was one of Gen. Robert E. Lee 's best corps commanders in the East in the Army of Northern Virginia , he was unsuccessful in his attempt to penetrate the Knoxville defenses and take the city .
Rufus Saxton ( October 19 , 1824 - February 23 , 1908 ) was a Union Army brigadier general during the American Civil War who received America 's highest military decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions defending Harpers Ferry during Confederate General Jackson 's Valley Campaign .
Harpers Ferry , population 286 at the 2010 census , is a historic town in Jefferson County , West Virginia , United States , in the lower Shenandoah Valley . It is situated at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers , where the U.S. states of Maryland , Virginia , and West Virginia meet . It is the easternmost town in West Virginia and during the Civil War the northernmost point of Confederate-controlled territory . ( The then-northernmost Virginia city of Wheeling was strongly anti-slavery , and was the first capital of the breakaway region that became West Virginia . ) The town 's original , lower section is on a flood plain created by the two rivers and surrounded by higher ground . The lower part of Harpers Ferry is within Harpers Ferry National Historical Park . Most of the remainder , which includes the more highly populated area , is included in the separate Harpers Ferry Historic District . Two other National Register of Historic Places properties adjoin the town : the B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing and St. Peter 's Roman Catholic Church . The town was formerly spelled Harper 's Ferry with an apostrophe - in the 18th century , it was the ferry owned and operated by Robert Harper - and that form continues to appear in some references .
Jackson 's Valley campaign , also known as the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1862 , was Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson 's spring 1862 campaign through the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia during the American Civil War . Employing audacity and rapid , unpredictable movements on interior lines , Jackson 's 17,000 men marched 646 miles ( 1,040 km ) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies ( 52,000 men ) , preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond . Jackson suffered a tactical defeat ( his sole defeat of the war ) at the First Battle of Kernstown ( March 23 , 1862 ) against Col. Nathan Kimball ( part of Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks 's army ) , but it proved to be a strategic Confederate victory because President Abraham Lincoln reinforced the Union 's Valley forces with troops that had originally been designated for the Peninsula campaign against Richmond . On May 8 , after more than a month of skirmishing with Banks , Jackson moved deceptively to the west of the Valley and drove back elements of Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont 's army in the Battle of McDowell , preventing a potential combination of the two Union armies against him . Jackson then headed down the Valley once again to confront Banks . Concealing his movement in the Luray Valley , Jackson joined forces with Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and captured the Federal garrison at Front Royal on May 23 , causing Banks to retreat to the north . On May 25 , in the First Battle of Winchester , Jackson defeated Banks and pursued him until the Union Army crossed the Potomac River into Maryland . Bringing in Union reinforcements from eastern Virginia , Brig . Gen. James Shields recaptured Front Royal and planned to link up with Frémont in Strasburg . Jackson was now threatened by three small Union armies . Withdrawing up the Valley from Winchester , Jackson was pursued by Frémont and Shields . On June 8 , Ewell defeated Frémont in the Battle of Cross Keys and on the following day , crossed the North River to join forces with Jackson to defeat Shields in the Battle of Port Republic , bringing the campaign to a close .
Eliakim Parker Scammon ( December 27 , 1816 - December 7 , 1894 ) was a career officer in the United States Army , serving as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War .
Robert Cumming Schenck ( October 4 , 1809 - March 23 , 1890 ) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War , and American diplomatic representative to Brazil and the United Kingdom . He was at both battles of Bull Run and took part in Jackson 's Valley Campaign of 1862 , and the Battle of Cross Keys . His eldest brother , James Findlay Schenck , was a rear admiral in the United States Navy .
Ohio /oʊˈhaɪoʊ/ ( listen ) is a state in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States . Of the fifty states , it is the 34th largest by area , the seventh most populous , and the tenth most densely populated . The state 's capital and largest city is Columbus . Ohio is bordered by Lake Erie to the north , Pennsylvania to the east , West Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , Indiana to the west , and Michigan to the northwest . The state takes its name from the Ohio River , whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word ohiːyo ' , meaning good river , great river or large creek . Partitioned from the Northwest Territory , Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 , and the first under the Northwest Ordinance . Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees , and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes . Ohio rose from the wilderness of Ohio Country west of Appalachia in colonial times through the Northwest Indian Wars as part of the Northwest Territory in the early frontier , to become the first non-colonial free state admitted to the union , to an industrial powerhouse in the 20th century before transitioning to a more information and service based economy in the 21st . The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch , led by the governor ; the legislative branch , which comprises the bicameral Ohio General Assembly ; and the judicial branch , led by the state Supreme Court . Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives . Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections . Seven presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state .
The following is a list of Ambassadors of the United States , or other chiefs of mission , to Brazil . The title given by the United States State Department to this position is currently Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary .
The United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom ( known formally in the United Kingdom as Ambassador of the United States to the Court of St James 's ) is the official representative of the President and the Government of the United States of America to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious positions in the United States Foreign Service due to the so-called Special Relationship . The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians , including five who would later become presidents : John Adams , James Monroe , John Quincy Adams , Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan . However , the modern tendency of American presidents ( of both parties ) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns , despite the importance and prestige of the office . [ citation needed ] The ambassador and the embassy staff at large work at the American Embassy in Nine Elms , London . The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent 's Park . The ambassadorship is currently held by New York Jets owner Woody Johnson , who presented his credentials to the Queen on November 8 , 2017 .
Alexander Schimmelfennig ( July 20 , 1824 - September 5 , 1865 ) was a German soldier and political revolutionary ; then he became a Union Army general in the American Civil War .
Tuberculosis ( TB ) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MTB ) bacteria . Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs , but can also affect other parts of the body . Most infections do not have symptoms , in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis . About 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which , if left untreated , kills about half of those affected . The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing mucus , fever , night sweats , and weight loss . It was historically called consumption due to the weight loss . Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms . Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough , spit , speak , or sneeze . People with latent TB do not spread the disease . Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke . Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays , as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids . Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test ( TST ) or blood tests .
Albin Francisco Schoepf ( Polish : Albin Franciszek Schoepf ; March 1 , 1822 - May 10 , 1886 ) was a European-born military officer who became a Union brigadier general during the American Civil War , best known as the commanding officer of Fort Delaware , a wartime camp for Confederate prisoners of war .
John McAllister Schofield ( September 29 , 1831 - March 4 , 1906 ) was an American soldier who held major commands during the American Civil War . He later served as U.S. Secretary of War under Presidents Andrew Johnson and Ulysses S. Grant , and Commanding General of the United States Army .
The Battle of Wilson 's Creek ( also known as Battle of Oak Hills and Battle of Springfield ) was the first major battle of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War . It was fought on August 10 , 1861 , near Springfield , Missouri . Missouri was officially a neutral state , though its pro-South governor , Claiborne Fox Jackson , was secretly collaborating with Confederate troops . In August , Confederates under Brigadier General Benjamin McCulloch and Missouri State Guard troops under Maj. Gen. Sterling Price approached Brig . Gen. Nathaniel Lyon 's Army of the West , camped at Springfield . On August 10 , Lyon , in two columns commanded by himself and Col. Franz Sigel , attacked the Confederates on Wilson 's Creek about 12 miles ( 19 km ) southwest of Springfield . Confederate cavalry received the first blow and retreated from the high ground . Confederate infantry attacked the Union forces three times during the day , but failed to break through . Eventually , Sigel 's column was driven back to Springfield , allowing the Confederates to consolidate their forces against Lyon 's main column . When Lyon was killed and General Thomas William Sweeny wounded , Major Samuel D. Sturgis assumed command of the Union forces . When Sturgis realized that his men were exhausted and lacking ammunition , he ordered a retreat to Springfield . The battle was reckoned as a Confederate victory , but the Confederates were too disorganized and ill-equipped to pursue the retreating Federal forces .
The secretary of war was a member of the United States president 's Cabinet , beginning with George Washington 's administration . A similar position , called either Secretary at War or Secretary of War , had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789 . Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position . When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution , he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War . The secretary of war was the head of the War Department . At first , he was responsible for all military affairs , including naval affairs . In 1798 , the secretary of the Navy was created by statute , and the scope of responsibility for this office was reduced to the affairs of the United States Army . From 1886 onward , the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president of the United States , the speaker of the House of Representatives , the president pro tem of the Senate and the secretary of state . In 1947 , with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 , the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force , which , along with the secretary of the Navy , have since 1949 been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense . The secretary of the Army 's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war 's office although the secretary of defense took the secretary of war 's position in the Cabinet , and the line of succession to the presidency .
The Superintendent of the United States Military Academy is its commanding officer . This position is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university . The officer appointed is , by tradition , a graduate of the United States Military Academy , commonly known as West Point . However , this is not an official requirement for the position . The Superintendency had often been a stepping stone to higher prominence in the Army . Four Superintendents became Chief of Staff of the Army : Hugh Lenox Scott , Douglas MacArthur , Maxwell Davenport Taylor , and William Westmoreland . The list of Superintendents includes five Medal of Honor recipients : Oliver Otis Howard , Douglas MacArthur , Albert Leopold Mills , John McAllister Schofield , John Moulder Wilson . Many Superintendents later became Commanding Generals , such as Joseph Gardner Swift . The post is now a terminal assignment in the Army ; as a condition for detail to the position , officers are required by law to acknowledge that they will retire at the end of their appointment . This formulation was meant to secure the independence of Superintendents from unlawful command influence ; however , in practice the resulting lame duck status restricts their power and influence in the Army . There has been discussion about reverting to the previous system or recalling a retired officer to fill the post . The billet carries the rank of lieutenant general , and is not counted against the Army 's statutory limit on the number of active-duty officers above the rank of major general .
Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903 , there was generally recognized to be a single senior-most officer in the United States Army ( and its predecessor the Continental Army ) , even though there was not a statutory office as such . During the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) , the title was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army . In 1783 , the title was simplified to Senior Officer of the United States Army . In 1821 , the title was changed to Commanding General of the United States Army . The office was often referred to by various other titles , such as Major General Commanding the Army or General-in-Chief . From 1789 until its abolition in 1903 , the position of Commanding General was legally subordinate to the Secretary of War . The position was abolished with the creation of the statutory Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903 .
Carl Christian Schurz ( German : [ ʃʊɐ̯ts ] ; March 2 , 1829 - May 14 , 1906 ) was a German revolutionary and an American statesman , journalist , and reformer . He emigrated to the United States after the German revolutions of 1848-49 and became a prominent member of the new Republican Party . After serving as a Union general in the American Civil War , he helped found the short-lived Liberal Republican Party and became a prominent advocate of civil service reform . Schurz represented Missouri in the United States Senate and was the 13th United States Secretary of the Interior . Born in the Kingdom of Prussia 's Rhine Province , Schurz fought for democratic reforms in the German revolutions of 1848-49 as a member of the academic fraternity association Deutsche Burschenschaft . After Prussia suppressed the revolution Schurz fled to France . When police forced him to leave France he migrated to London . Like many other Forty-Eighters , he then emigrated to the United States , settling in Watertown , Wisconsin , in 1852 . After being admitted to the Wisconsin bar , he established a legal practice in Milwaukee , Wisconsin . He also became a strong advocate for the anti-slavery movement and joined the newly organized Republican Party , unsuccessfully running for Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin . After briefly representing the United States as Minister ( ambassador ) to Spain , Schurz served as a general in the American Civil War , fighting in the Battle of Gettysburg and other major battles . After the war , Schurz established a newspaper in St. Louis , Missouri , and won election to the U.S. Senate , becoming the first German-born American elected to that body .
This is a list of United States ambassadors to Spain from 1779 to the present day .
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States . With over six million residents , it is the 18th-most populous state of the Union . The largest urban areas are St. Louis , Kansas City , Springfield and Columbia ; the capital is Jefferson City . The state is the 21st-most extensive in area . Missouri is bordered by eight states ( tied for the most with Tennessee ) : Iowa to the north , Illinois , Kentucky and Tennessee ( via the Mississippi River ) to the east , Arkansas to the south and Oklahoma , Kansas and Nebraska to the west . In the south are the Ozarks , a forested highland , providing timber , minerals and recreation . The Missouri River , after which the state is named , flows through the center of the state into the Mississippi River , which makes up Missouri 's eastern border . Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years . The Mississippian culture built cities and mounds , before declining in the 14th century . When European explorers arrived in the 17th century , they encountered the Osage and Missouria nations . The French established Louisiana , a part of New France , founding Ste . Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764 .
The United States secretary of the interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior . The Department of the Interior in the United States is responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land and natural resources ; it oversees such agencies as the Bureau of Land Management , the United States Geological Survey , and the National Park Service . The secretary also serves on and appoints the private citizens on the National Park Foundation board . The secretary is a member of the president 's Cabinet . The U.S. Department of the Interior should not be confused with the Ministries of the Interior as used in many other countries . Ministries of the Interior in these other countries correspond primarily to the Department of Homeland Security in the U.S . Cabinet and secondarily to the Department of Justice . Because the policies and activities of the Department of the Interior and many of its agencies have a substantial impact in the Western United States , the Secretary of the Interior has typically come from a western state ; only three of the individuals to hold the office since 1949 have not been from a state lying west of the Mississippi River . The current interior secretary is David Bernhardt , who held the office in an acting capacity until April 2019 . He succeeded Ryan Zinke who resigned on January 2 , 2019 .
Robert Kingston Scott ( July 8 , 1826 - August 12 , 1900 ) was an American Republican politician , the 74th Governor of South Carolina , and an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War . In 1891 he built a Queen Anne Italianate Victorian home in Napoleon , Ohio and lived there until his death in 1900 . It still stands to this day in Napoleon on the corner of W. Clinton Street and Haley Ave .
The governor of the State of South Carolina is the head of state for the state of South Carolina . Under the South Carolina Constitution , the governor is also the head of government , serving as the chief executive of the South Carolina executive branch . The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal use . The governor 's responsibilities include making yearly State of the State addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly , submitting an executive budget and ensuring that state laws are enforced . The 117th and current governor of South Carolina is Henry McMaster , who is serving his first elected term . He assumed the office on January 24 , 2017 , after Nikki Haley resigned to become the United States ambassador to the United Nations . He won the 2018 gubernatorial election .
Winfield Scott ( June 13 , 1786 - May 29 , 1866 ) was an American military commander and political candidate . He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861 , taking part in the War of 1812 , the Mexican-American War , the early stages of the American Civil War , and various conflicts with Native Americans . Scott was the Whig Party 's presidential nominee in the 1852 presidential election , but was defeated by Democrat Franklin Pierce . He was known as Old Fuss and Feathers for his insistence on proper military etiquette , and as the Grand Old Man of the Army for his many years of service . Scott was born near Petersburg , Virginia , in 1786 . After training as a lawyer , he joined the army in 1808 as a captain of the light artillery . In the War of 1812 , Scott served on the Canadian front , taking part in the Battle of Queenston Heights and the Battle of Fort George , and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in early 1814 . He served with distinction in the Battle of Chippawa , but was badly wounded in the subsequent Battle of Lundy 's Lane . After the conclusion of the war , Scott was assigned to command army forces in a district containing much of the Northeastern United States , and he and his family made their home near New York City . During the 1830s , Scott negotiated an end to the Black Hawk War , took part in the Second Seminole War and the Creek War of 1836 , and presided over the removal of the Cherokee . Scott also helped to avert war with Britain , defusing tensions arising from the Patriot War and the Aroostook War . In 1841 , Scott became the Commanding General of the United States Army , beating out his rival , Edmund P. Gaines , for the position .
A Congressional Gold Medal is an award bestowed by the United States Congress . The congressional practice of issuing gold medals to occasionally honor recipients from the military began during the American Revolution . Later the practice extended to individuals in all walks of life and in the late 20th century also to groups . The Congressional Gold Medal and the Presidential Medal of Freedom are the highest civilian awards in the United States . The congressional medal seeks to honor those , individually or as a group , who have performed an achievement that has an impact on American history and culture that is likely to be recognized as a major achievement in the recipient 's field long after the achievement . However , There are no permanent statutory provisions specifically relating to the creation of Congressional Gold Medals . When a Congressional Gold Medal has been deemed appropriate , Congress has , by legislative action , provided for the creation of a medal on an ad hoc basis . Thus , there are generally fewer gold medals than presidential medals . U.S. citizenship is not a requirement . As of April 4 , 2019 , 163 institutions , people , or events have been awarded a Congressional Gold Medal .
The Anaconda Plan is the name applied to a Union Army outline strategy for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War . Proposed by Union General-in-Chief Winfield Scott , the plan emphasized a Union blockade of the Southern ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two . Because the blockade would be rather passive , it was widely derided by a vociferous faction of Union generals who wanted a more vigorous prosecution of the war and likened it to the coils of an anaconda suffocating its victim . The snake image caught on , giving the proposal its popular name . In the early days of the Civil War , Scott 's proposed strategy for the war against the South had two prominent features . First , all ports in the seceding states were to be rigorously blockaded . Secondly , a strong column of perhaps 80,000 men should use the Mississippi River as a highway to thrust completely through the Confederacy . A spearhead , a relatively-small amphibious force of army troops transported by boats and supported by gunboats , should advance rapidly , capturing the Confederate positions down the river in sequence . It would be followed by a more traditional army , marching behind to secure victories . The culminating battle would be for the forts below New Orleans . When they fell , the river would be in US hands from its source to its mouth , and the rebellion would be cut in two .
John Sedgwick ( September 13 , 1813 - May 9 , 1864 ) was a military officer and Union Army general during the American Civil War . He was wounded three times at the Battle of Antietam while leading his division in an unsuccessful assault against Confederate forces , causing him to miss the Battle of Fredericksburg . Under his command , the VI Corps played an important role in the Chancellorsville Campaign by engaging Confederate troops at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church . His corps was the last to arrive at the Battle of Gettysburg and thus did not see much action . Sedgwick was killed by a sharpshooter at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 9 , 1864 , making him and Major Generals James B. McPherson , Joseph K. Mansfield , and John F. Reynolds the highest-ranking Union soldiers to be killed in the war . He is remembered for his ironic last words : They could n't hit an elephant at this distance .
The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House , sometimes more simply referred to as the Battle of Spotsylvania ( or the 19th-century spelling Spottsylvania ) , was the second major battle in Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant 's 1864 Overland Campaign of the American Civil War . Following the bloody but inconclusive Battle of the Wilderness , Grant 's army disengaged from Confederate General Robert E. Lee 's army and moved to the southeast , attempting to lure Lee into battle under more favorable conditions . Elements of Lee 's army beat the Union army to the critical crossroads of Spotsylvania Court House , Virginia , and began entrenching . Fighting occurred on and off from May 8 through May 21 , 1864 , as Grant tried various schemes to break the Confederate line . In the end , the battle was tactically inconclusive , but both sides declared victory . The Confederacy declared victory because they were able to hold their defenses . The United States declared victory because the Federal offensive continued and Lee 's army suffered losses that could not be replaced . With almost 32,000 casualties on both sides , Spotsylvania was the costliest battle of the campaign . On May 8 , Union Maj. Gens . Gouverneur K. Warren and John Sedgwick unsuccessfully attempted to dislodge the Confederates under Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson from Laurel Hill , a position that was blocking them from Spotsylvania Court House . On May 10 , Grant ordered attacks across the Confederate line of earthworks , which by now extended over 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) , including a prominent salient known as the Mule Shoe . Although the Union troops failed again at Laurel Hill , an innovative assault attempt by Col. Emory Upton against the Mule Shoe showed promise .
William Joyce Sewell ( December 6 , 1835 - December 27 , 1901 ) was an Irish-American politician , merchant , and military officer who served as a U.S . Senator from New Jersey . Sewell was born in Castlebar , County Mayo , Ireland . He immigrated to the United States in 1851 where he worked in the merchant industry in Chicago , Illinois before moving to Camden , New Jersey in 1860 . He served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War , receiving the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Chancellorsville . He was also a postbellum state senator and U.S . Senator . The community of Sewell , New Jersey is named for him .
The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War ( 1861-1865 ) , and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign . It was fought from April 30 to May 6 , 1863 , in Spotsylvania County , Virginia , near the village of Chancellorsville . Two related battles were fought nearby on May 3 in the vicinity of Fredericksburg . The campaign pitted Union Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker 's Army of the Potomac against an army less than half its size , General Robert E. Lee 's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia . Chancellorsville is known as Lee 's perfect battle because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory . The victory , a product of Lee 's audacity and Hooker 's timid decision-making , was tempered by heavy casualties , including Lt. Gen. Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson . Jackson was hit by friendly fire , requiring his left arm to be amputated . He died of pneumonia eight days later , a loss that Lee likened to losing his right arm . Lee 's difficulty in replacing his lost men as well as his inability to prevent the Union withdrawal effectively have led to his great victory being regarded as a Pyrrhic one . The Chancellorsville campaign began with the crossing of the Rappahannock River by the Union army on the morning of April 27 , 1863 . Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. George Stoneman began a long-distance raid against Lee 's supply lines at about the same time . This operation was completely ineffectual .
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 .
William Henry Seward Jr. ( June 18 , 1839 - April 29 , 1920 ) was an American banker and brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He was the youngest son of William Henry Seward Sr. , the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson .
The secretary of state is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America and the head of the United States Department of State . The secretary of state 's duties are principally concerned with foreign policy , and he or she is considered to be the U.S. government 's minister of foreign affairs . The secretary of state is nominated by the president of the United States and , following a confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations , is confirmed by the United States Senate . The secretary of state , along with the secretary of the treasury , secretary of defense , and attorney general , are generally regarded as the four most important Cabinet members because of the importance of their respective departments . Secretary of State is a Level I position in the Executive Schedule and thus earns the salary prescribed for that level ( currently US $ 210,700 ) . The current secretary of state is Mike Pompeo , who has served as Secretary of State in the administration of President Donald Trump since early 2018 .
William Henry Seward ( May 16 , 1801 - October 10 , 1872 ) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869 , and earlier served as governor of New York and United States Senator . A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War , he was a prominent figure in the Republican Party in its formative years , and was praised for his work on behalf of the Union as Secretary of State during the Civil War . Seward was born in 1801 in the village of Florida , in Orange County , New York , where his father was a farmer and owned slaves . He was educated as a lawyer and moved to the Central New York town of Auburn . Seward was elected to the New York State Senate in 1830 as an Anti-Mason . Four years later , he became the gubernatorial nominee of the Whig Party . Though he was not successful in that race , Seward was elected governor in 1838 and won a second two-year term in 1840 . During this period , he signed several laws that advanced the rights of and opportunities for black residents , as well as guaranteeing fugitive slaves jury trials in the state . The legislation protected abolitionists , and he used his position to intervene in cases of freed black people who were enslaved in the South . After many years of practicing law in Auburn , he was elected by the state legislature to the U.S. Senate in 1849 . Seward 's strong stances and provocative words against slavery brought him hatred in the South . He was re-elected to the Senate in 1855 , and soon joined the nascent Republican Party , becoming one of its leading figures .
Truman Seymour ( September 24 , 1824 - October 30 , 1891 ) was a career soldier and an accomplished painter . He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War , rising to the rank of major general . He was present at the Battle of Fort Sumter . He commanded the Union troops at the Battle of Olustee , the only major Civil War battle fought in Florida .
James Murrell Shackelford ( July 7 , 1827 - September 7 , 1907 ) was a lawyer , judge , and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War . He has the distinction of having captured Confederate cavalry commander John Hunt Morgan in mid-1863 , effectively ending Morgan 's Raid .
Alexander Shaler ( March 19 , 1827 - December 28 , 1911 ) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War . He received the United States military 's highest decoration , the Medal of Honor , for his actions at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg . After the war , he was at various times the head of the New York City Fire Department , president of the National Rifle Association , and Mayor of Ridgefield , New Jersey , from 1899 to 1901 .
The Second Battle of Fredericksburg , also known as the Second Battle of Marye 's Heights , took place on May 3 , 1863 , in Fredericksburg , Virginia , as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War .
Isaac Fitzgerald Shepard was a colonel in the Union Army during the American Civil War . His appointment as a brigadier general of volunteers was not confirmed by the United States Senate and expired on July 4 , 1864 . Shepard was born in Natick , Massachusetts on July 7 , 1816 . He graduated from Harvard University in 1842 . Shepard was appointed a major in the Missouri Militia ( Union ) on June 18 , 1861 . In August 1861 , he became an assistant adjutant general to Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon . He was wounded at the Battle of Wilson 's Creek on August 10 , 1861 . He was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 19th Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment on August 30 , 1861 and colonel of the 3rd Missouri Volunteer Infantry Regiment on January 18 , 1862 when the regiments were consolidated . He was appointed colonel of the 51st United States Colored Infantry Regiment on May 9 , 1863 . As a colonel he led the African Brigade , XVII Corps , Army of the Tennessee , during the Siege of Vicksburg . On November 17 , 1863 , Shepard was appointed brigadier general of volunteers , to rank from October 27 , 1863 . He was stationed at Vicksburg with a brigade of three regiments of United States Colored Troops .