List of conspiracy-thriller films and television series
TV series and miniseries -- Law & Order : Criminal Intent
Table:
Title
Episode No.
Season
Description

"The Pardoner's Tale"

08

01

An investigative reporter (Matt Servitto) and his fiancée are gunned-down outside their favorite restaurant, and the attack is linked to a fugitive money launderer (Mark Zimmerman) and an alleged cash-for-pardons scheme involving the Governor of New York.

This episode was inspired by the controversy over President Bill Clinton's pardon of fugitive financier Marc Rich.

"Semi-Professional"

15

01

A law clerk working for a prominent judge (Michael Murphy) is found dead in her employer's home, and the investigation leads to a contentious battle for an appellate court appointment.

"Tuxedo Hill"

22

01

A high-powered executive (Cindy Katz), found unconscious and amnesiac in her wrecked car, is first implicated in and then exonerated of her boyfriend's murder, and detectives suspect she is being manipulated by corrupt officials at her own company.

This episode was inspired by the fall of Enron.

"Cold Comfort"

39

02

The daughter (Maureen Mueller) of a recently deceased U.S. Senator is murdered in a public restroom and the case leads detectives to a probate dispute, cryonics, and the family of a noted philanthropist (Josef Sommer).

"Mis-Labeled"

59

03

A salesman (Darren Goldstein) for a major pharmaceutical company who sold synthetic blood in the Far East is strangled, chopped in half, and stuffed into his own luggage, and the investigation into his death uncovers a plot to cover up an even more nauseating act of corporate greed.

"Proud Flesh"

102

05

The eldest son (Alex Draper) of a legendary media mogul (Malcolm McDowell) is the victim of what appears to be a latex fetish exercise gone wrong, and all evidence points towards his father's much younger new wife (Cindy Cheung).

This episode was inspired by the family of Rupert Murdoch.

"Wasichu"

103

05

A Secret Service agent (Georgia Hatzis) is murdered in her home, and the investigation zeroes in on her lobbyist husband (David Alan Basche) and the corrupt congressman (Bruce McGill) whose favor he was illegally courting.

This episode was inspired by the Jack Abramoff scandal.

"Albatross"

124

06

A prominent judge (Daren Kelly) is killed by sniper-fire while rehearsing a reenactment of the Burr–Hamilton duel with a notoriously corrupt businessman (Xander Berkeley) whose wife (Donna Murphy) is the leading candidate for Mayor of New York City, and detectives can't decide who was the real target.

This episode was inspired by scandals related to Jeanine Pirro and her husband.

"30"

127

06

A journalist (Lee Tergesen), poisoned with slow-acting-but-deadly Polonium 210, aids in his own murder investigation, which leads to a cover-up of circumstances related to the controversial death of a young American schoolteacher (Anna Moore) in Israel.

This episode was inspired by the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning and the death of Rachel Corrie.

"Smile"

136

07

A dentist (Adam Heller) is murdered in his office, exposing a plot between FDA officials and a major corporation to cover up the existence of counterfeit mouthwash containing antifreeze, but a whistleblower (Amy Acker) may have a sinister agenda of her own.

"Untethered"

142

07

When his delinquent nephew (Trevor Morgan) tells him that inmates are being murdered in the psychiatric ward of a prison overseen by a sadistic warden (Debra Monk), a detective (Vincent D'Onofrio) goes undercover without his superiors' knowledge to investigate and gets a closer look at the truth than he bargained for.

"Assassin"

147

07

A man is killed while attempting to assassinate an exiled Tamil politician (Indira Varma), a highly paid European hitman (Roberto Purvis) is photographed entering the country and then disappears, and evidence indicates that someone within the target's own inner circle is behind the plot.

This episode was inspired by the assassination of Benazir Bhutto.

"Playing Dead"

156

08

A drug addict (Elan Moss-Bachrach) is gunned down in his apartment by an assailant who spares the life of his girlfriend (Betty Gilpin), the stepdaughter of a city councilman (Scott Cohen) whose ruthless mother (Kathy Baker) is maneuvering him toward Gracie Mansion.

Looking at the following table and the context snippets listed below.

Solve the question: On what television series is the episode listed as Season 1 , Episode 8 ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

The first season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , an American police procedural television series , was developed by Dick Wolf and René Balcer . It began airing on September 30 , 2001 , on NBC , a national broadcast television network in the United States . It is the second spin-off of the long-running crime drama Law & Order . Law & Order : Criminal Intent follows the New York City Police Department 's fictional Major Case Squad , which investigates high-profile murder cases . The first season of twenty-two episodes concluded its initial airing on May 10 , 2002 . Four actors received star billing in the first season : Vincent D'Onofrio , Kathryn Erbe , Jamey Sheridan , and Courtney B. Vance . Episodes depict Detectives Robert Goren ( D'Onofrio ) and Alexandra Eames ( Erbe ) as the squad 's lead investigators . Captain James Deakins ( Sheridan ) is the detectives ' direct supervisor and head of the Major Case Squad . Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver ( Vance ) often attempts to obtain confessions from the suspects , rather than taking them to trial . Law & Order : Criminal Intent focuses on the actions and motives of the criminals , and it divides screen time equally between the suspects and victims and the police 's investigation . The season was filmed on location in New York City . Scenes set inside the Major Case Squad department were filmed in a studio at Chelsea Piers , Manhattan .
Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest , such as serious crimes , political corruption , or corporate wrongdoing . An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report . Practitioners sometimes use the terms watchdog reporting or accountability reporting . Most investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers , wire services , and freelance journalists . With the decline in income through advertising , many traditional news services have struggled to fund investigative journalism , which is time-consuming and therefore expensive . Journalistic investigations are increasingly carried out by news organizations working together , even internationally ( as in the case of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers ) , or by organizations such as ProPublica , which have not operated previously as news publishers and which rely on the support of the public and benefactors to fund their work . The growth of media conglomerates in the U.S. since the 1980s has been accompanied by massive cuts in the budgets for investigative journalism . A 2002 study concluded that investigative journalism has all but disappeared from the nation 's commercial airwaves . The empirical evidence for this is consistent with the conflicts of interest between the revenue sources for the media conglomerates and the mythology of an unbiased , dispassionate media : advertisers have reduced their spending with media that reported too many unfavorable details . The major media conglomerates have found ways to retain their audience without the risks of offending advertisers inherent in investigative journalism .
Matthew Joseph Servitto ( born April 7 , 1965 ) is an American actor , best known for his role as Special Agent Dwight Harris on The Sopranos and Deputy Brock Lotus on the Cinemax series Banshee .
A fugitive ( or runaway ) is a person who is fleeing from custody , whether it be from jail , a government arrest , government or non-government questioning , vigilante violence , or outraged private individuals . A fugitive from justice , also known as a wanted person , can be a person who is either convicted or accused of a crime and hiding from law enforcement in the state or taking refuge in a different country in order to avoid arrest . A fugitive from justice alternatively has been defined as a person formally charged with a crime or a convicted criminal whose punishment has not yet been determined or fully served who is currently beyond the custody or control of the national or sub-national government or international criminal tribunal with an interest in his or her arrest . This latter definition adopts the perspective of the pursuing government or tribunal , recognizing that the charged ( versus escaped ) individual does not necessarily realize that they are officially a wanted person ( e.g. , due to a case of mistaken identity or reliance on a sealed indictment ) , and therefore may not be fleeing , hiding , or taking refuge to avoid arrest . The fugitive from justice is international ( versus domestic ) if wanted by law enforcement authorities across a national border . Interpol is the international organization with no legal authority to directly pursue or detain fugitives of any kind . Europol is the European authority for the pursuit of fugitives who are on the run within Europe , and coordinates their search , while national authorities in the probable country of their stay coordinate their arrest . In the United States , the U.S . Marshals Service is the primary law enforcement agency that tracks down federal fugitives , though the Federal Bureau of Investigation also tracks fugitives . As a verbal metaphor and psychological concept , one might also be described as a fugitive from oneself . Finally , the literary sense of fugitive includes the meaning of simply fleeing . In many jurisdictions , a fugitive who flees custody while a trial is underway loses the right to appeal any convictions or sentences imposed on him , since the act of fleeing is deemed to flout the court 's authority .
Money laundering is the illegal process of concealing the origins of money obtained illegally by passing it through a complex sequence of banking transfers or commercial transactions . The overall scheme of this process returns the money to the launderer in an obscure and indirect way . One problem of criminal activities is accounting for the proceeds without raising the suspicion of law enforcement agencies . Considerable time and effort may be put into strategies which enable the safe use of those proceeds without raising unwanted suspicion . Implementing such strategies is generally called money laundering . After money has been laundered , it can be used for legitimate purposes . Law enforcement agencies of many jurisdictions have set up sophisticated systems in an effort to detect suspicious transactions or activities , and many have set up international cooperative arrangements to assist each other in these endeavors . The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ( UNODC ) estimates that The estimated amount of money laundered globally in one year is 2-5% of global GDP , or $ 800 billion - $ 2 trillion in current US dollars . In a number of legal and regulatory systems , the term money laundering has become conflated with other forms of financial and business crime , and is sometimes used more generally to include misuse of the financial system ( involving things such as securities , digital currencies , credit cards , and traditional currency ) , including terrorism financing and evasion of international sanctions . Most anti-money laundering laws openly conflate money laundering ( which is concerned with source of funds ) with terrorism financing ( which is concerned with destination of funds ) when regulating the financial system . Some countries treat obfuscation of sources of money as also constituting money laundering , whether it is intentional or by merely using financial systems or services that do not identify or track sources or destinations . Other countries define money laundering in such a way as to include money from activity that would have been a crime in that country , even if the activity was legal where the actual conduct occurred .
A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction . A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime , depending on the laws of the jurisdiction . Pardons can be granted in many countries when individuals are deemed to have demonstrated that they have paid their debt to society , or are otherwise considered to be deserving of them . Pardons are sometimes offered to persons who were either wrongfully convicted or who claim that they were wrongfully convicted . In some jurisdictions of some nations , accepting a pardon may implicitly constitute an admission of guilt ; the offer is refused in some cases . Cases of wrongful conviction are in recent times more often dealt with by appeal rather than by pardon ; however , a pardon is sometimes offered when innocence is undisputed in order to avoid the costs that are associated with a retrial . Clemency plays a critical role when capital punishment is applied . Pardons are sometimes seen as a mechanism for combating corruption , allowing a particular authority to circumvent a flawed judicial process to free someone that is seen as wrongly convicted . Pardons can also be a source of controversy . In extreme cases , some pardons may be seen as acts of corruption by officials in the form of granting effective immunity as political favors .
The governor of New York is the head of the executive branch of New York 's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state 's National Guard . The governor has a duty to enforce state laws , to convene the New York legislature , the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the legislature , and to grant pardons , except in cases of treason and impeachment . Fifty-six people have served as governor , four of whom served non-consecutive terms ; the official numbering only lists each governor once , so there have officially been fifty-six governors . All of them have been men . New York has never had a female governor . This numbering includes one acting governor : the lieutenant governor who filled the vacancy after the resignation of the governor , under the 1777 Constitution . The list does not include people who have acted as governor when the governor was out of state , such as Lieutenant Governor Timothy L. Woodruff during Theodore Roosevelt 's vice presidential campaign in 1900 , or Acting Speaker of the New York State Assembly Moses M. Weinstein , who acted as governor for 10 days in 1968 while the governor , the lieutenant governor and the senate majority leader were out of the state , attending the Republican National Convention in Miami . Four men have become President of the United States after serving as Governor of New York : Martin Van Buren , Grover Cleveland , Theodore Roosevelt , and Franklin D. Roosevelt , and six were Vice President of the United States . Van Buren and Theodore Roosevelt held both offices . Two governors have been Chief Justice of the United States : John Jay held that position when he was elected governor in 1795 , and Charles Evans Hughes became chief justice in 1930 , two decades after leaving the governorship . The longest-serving governor was the first , George Clinton , who first took office on July 30 , 1777 , and served seven terms in two different periods , totaling just under 21 years in office . As 18 of those years were consecutive , Clinton also served the longest consecutive period in office for a New York governor .
William Jefferson Clinton ( born William Jefferson Blythe III ; August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to his presidency , he served as governor of Arkansas ( 1979-1981 and 1983-1992 ) and as attorney general of Arkansas ( 1977-1979 ) . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was known as a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist Third Way political philosophy . He is the husband of former secretary of state and former U.S. senator Hillary Clinton . In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives , becoming the second U.S. president to get impeached following Andrew Johnson . The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky , a 22-year-old White House intern . He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office . Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University , University College , Oxford , and Yale Law School . He met Hillary Rodham at Yale and married her in 1975 . After graduating from law school , Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as the attorney general of Arkansas , serving from 1977 to 1979 . He later served as governor of Arkansas . As governor , he overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association .
Marc Rich ( born Marcell David Reich ; December 18 , 1934 - June 26 , 2013 ) was an international commodities trader , hedge fund manager , financier and businessman . He founded the commodities company Glencore , and was later indicted in the United States on federal charges of tax evasion and making oil deals with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis . He was in Switzerland at the time of the indictment and never returned to the United States . He received a widely criticised presidential pardon from U.S. President Bill Clinton on January 20 , 2001 , Clinton 's last day in office .
The first season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , an American police procedural television series , was developed by Dick Wolf and René Balcer . It began airing on September 30 , 2001 , on NBC , a national broadcast television network in the United States . It is the second spin-off of the long-running crime drama Law & Order . Law & Order : Criminal Intent follows the New York City Police Department 's fictional Major Case Squad , which investigates high-profile murder cases . The first season of twenty-two episodes concluded its initial airing on May 10 , 2002 . Four actors received star billing in the first season : Vincent D'Onofrio , Kathryn Erbe , Jamey Sheridan , and Courtney B. Vance . Episodes depict Detectives Robert Goren ( D'Onofrio ) and Alexandra Eames ( Erbe ) as the squad 's lead investigators . Captain James Deakins ( Sheridan ) is the detectives ' direct supervisor and head of the Major Case Squad . Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver ( Vance ) often attempts to obtain confessions from the suspects , rather than taking them to trial . Law & Order : Criminal Intent focuses on the actions and motives of the criminals , and it divides screen time equally between the suspects and victims and the police 's investigation . The season was filmed on location in New York City . Scenes set inside the Major Case Squad department were filmed in a studio at Chelsea Piers , Manhattan .
A law clerk or a judicial clerk is an individual - generally an attorney - who provides direct assistance and counsel to a judge in making legal determinations and in writing opinions by researching issues before the court . Judicial clerks often play significant roles in the formation of case law through their influence upon judges ' decisions . Judicial clerks should not be confused with legal clerks ( also called law clerks in Canada ) , court clerks , or courtroom deputies who only provide secretarial and administrative support to attorneys and/or judges . Judicial clerks are generally recent law school graduates who performed at or near the top of their class . Serving as a judicial clerk is considered to be one of the most prestigious positions in legal circles , and tends to open up wide-ranging opportunities in academia , law firm practice , and influential government work . In some countries , judicial clerks are known as judicial associates or judicial assistants . In many nations , clerk duties are performed by permanent staff attorneys or junior apprentice-like judges , such as those that sit on France 's Conseil d'État . In English courts , they are known as judicial assistants . The European Court of Justice uses permanent staff attorneys ( référendaires ) and the stagiaires ( young law graduates ) . Australia , Canada , Sweden , and Brazil have notable clerk systems .
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings , either alone or as a part of a panel of judges . The powers , functions , method of appointment , discipline , and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions . The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and , typically , in an open court . The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case , assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties , and then issues a ruling on the matter at hand based on his or her interpretation of the law and his or her own personal judgment . In some jurisdictions , the judge 's powers may be shared with a jury . In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation , a judge might also be an examining magistrate .
Michael George Murphy ( born May 5 , 1938 ) is an American film , television and stage actor . He often plays unethical or morally ambiguous characters in positions of authority , including politicians , executives , and lawyers . He is also known for his frequent collaborations with director Robert Altman , having appeared in twelve films , TV series and miniseries directed by Altman from 1963 to 2004 , including the title role in the miniseries Tanner '88 .
An appellate court , commonly called an appeals court , court of appeals ( American English ) , appeal court ( British English ) , court of second instance or second instance court , is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal . In most jurisdictions , the court system is divided into at least three levels : the trial court , which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case ; at least one intermediate appellate court ; and a supreme court ( or court of last resort ) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts . A jurisdiction 's supreme court is that jurisdiction 's highest appellate court . Appellate courts nationwide can operate under varying rules . The authority of appellate courts to review the decisions of lower courts varies widely from one jurisdiction to another . In some areas , the appellate court has limited powers of review . Generally , an appellate court 's judgment provides the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter appealed , setting out with specificity the court 's determination that the action appealed from should be affirmed , reversed , remanded or modified .
The first season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent , an American police procedural television series , was developed by Dick Wolf and René Balcer . It began airing on September 30 , 2001 , on NBC , a national broadcast television network in the United States . It is the second spin-off of the long-running crime drama Law & Order . Law & Order : Criminal Intent follows the New York City Police Department 's fictional Major Case Squad , which investigates high-profile murder cases . The first season of twenty-two episodes concluded its initial airing on May 10 , 2002 . Four actors received star billing in the first season : Vincent D'Onofrio , Kathryn Erbe , Jamey Sheridan , and Courtney B. Vance . Episodes depict Detectives Robert Goren ( D'Onofrio ) and Alexandra Eames ( Erbe ) as the squad 's lead investigators . Captain James Deakins ( Sheridan ) is the detectives ' direct supervisor and head of the Major Case Squad . Assistant District Attorney Ron Carver ( Vance ) often attempts to obtain confessions from the suspects , rather than taking them to trial . Law & Order : Criminal Intent focuses on the actions and motives of the criminals , and it divides screen time equally between the suspects and victims and the police 's investigation . The season was filmed on location in New York City . Scenes set inside the Major Case Squad department were filmed in a studio at Chelsea Piers , Manhattan .
An executive officer ( CCE ) is generally a person responsible for running an organization , although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization . In many militaries , an executive officer , or XO , is the second-in-command , reporting to the commanding officer . The XO is typically responsible for the management of day-to-day activities , freeing the commander to concentrate on strategy and planning the unit 's next move .
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or disease , but it can also be caused temporarily by the use of various sedatives and hypnotic drugs . The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that was caused . There are two main types of amnesia : retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia . Retrograde amnesia is the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date , usually the date of an accident or operation . In some cases the memory loss can extend back decades , while in others the person may lose only a few months of memory . Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store . People with anterograde amnesia can not remember things for long periods of time . These two types are not mutually exclusive ; both can occur simultaneously . Case studies also show that amnesia is typically associated with damage to the medial temporal lobe . In addition , specific areas of the hippocampus ( the CA1 region ) are involved with memory . Research has also shown that when areas of the diencephalon are damaged , amnesia can occur . Recent studies have shown a correlation between deficiency of RbAp48 protein and memory loss .
Enron Corporation was an American energy , commodities , and services company based in Houston , Texas . It was founded in 1985 as a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth , both relatively small regional companies . Before its bankruptcy on December 3 , 2001 , Enron employed approximately 29,000 staff and was a major electricity , natural gas , communications and pulp and paper company , with claimed revenues of nearly $ 101 billion during 2000 . Fortune named Enron America 's Most Innovative Company for six consecutive years . At the end of 2001 , it was revealed that Enron 's reported financial condition was sustained by institutionalized , systematic , and creatively planned accounting fraud , known since as the Enron scandal . Enron has since become a well-known example of willful corporate fraud and corruption . The scandal also brought into question the accounting practices and activities of many corporations in the United States and was a factor in the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 . The scandal also affected the greater business world by causing the dissolution of the Arthur Andersen accounting firm , which had been Enron 's main auditor for years . Enron filed for bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York in late 2001 and selected Weil , Gotshal & Manges as its bankruptcy counsel . It ended its bankruptcy during November 2004 , pursuant to a court-approved plan of reorganization . A new board of directors changed the name of Enron to Enron Creditors Recovery Corp. , and emphasized reorganizing and liquidating certain operations and assets of the pre-bankruptcy Enron . On September 7 , 2006 , Enron sold Prisma Energy International Inc. , its last remaining business , to Ashmore Energy International Ltd. ( now AEI ) .
The second season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered September 29 , 2002 and ended May 18 , 2003 on NBC .
A public toilet is a room or small building with toilets ( or urinals ) and sinks that does not belong to a particular household . Rather , the toilet is available for use by the general public , customers , travellers , employees of a business , school pupils , prisoners etc . Public toilets are commonly separated into male and female facilities , although some are unisex , especially for small or single-occupancy public toilets . Increasingly , public toilets are accessible to people with disabilities . Public toilets are known by many other names depending on the country . Examples are : restroom , bathroom , men 's room , women 's room in the US , washroom in Canada , and toilets , lavatories , water closet ( W.C. ) , ladies and gents in Europe . Some public toilets are free of charge while others charge a fee . In the latter case they are also called pay toilets and sometimes have a charging turnstile . Local authorities or commercial businesses may provide public toilet facilities . Some are unattended while others are staffed by an attendant . In many cultures , it is customary to tip the attendant , especially if they provide a specific service , such as might be the case at upscale nightclubs or restaurants . Public toilets are typically found in many different places : inner-city locations , offices , factories , schools , universities and other places of work and study .
Probate is the judicial process whereby a will is proved in a court of law and accepted as a valid public document that is the true last testament of the deceased , or whereby the estate is settled according to the laws of intestacy in the state of residence [ or real property ] of the deceased at time of death in the absence of a legal will . The granting of probate is the first step in the legal process of administering the estate of a deceased person , resolving all claims and distributing the deceased person 's property under a will . A probate court decides the legal validity of a testator 's ( deceased person 's ) will and grants its approval , also known as granting probate , to the executor . The probated will then becomes a legal instrument that may be enforced by the executor in the law courts if necessary . A probate also officially appoints the executor ( or personal representative ) , generally named in the will , as having legal power to dispose of the testator 's assets in the manner specified in the testator 's will . However , through the probate process , a will may be contested .
Cryonics ( from Greek : κρύος kryos meaning 'cold ' ) is the low-temperature freezing ( usually at −196 °C or −320.8 °F or 77.1 K ) and storage of a human corpse or severed head , with the speculative hope that resurrection may be possible in the future . Cryonics is regarded with skepticism within the mainstream scientific community . It is generally viewed as a pseudoscience , and its practice has been characterized as quackery . Cryonics procedures can begin only after clinical death , and cryonics patients are legally dead . Cryonics procedures may begin within minutes of death , and use cryoprotectants to prevent ice formation during cryopreservation . It is , however , not possible for a corpse to be reanimated after undergoing vitrification , as this causes damage to the brain including its neural networks . The first corpse to be frozen was that of Dr. James Bedford in 1967 . As of 2014 , about 250 dead bodies had been cryopreserved in the United States , and 1,500 people had made arrangements for cryopreservation of their corpses . Economic reality means it is highly improbable that any cryonics corporation could continue in business long enough to take advantage of the claimed long-term benefits offered . Early attempts of cryonic preservations were performed in the 1960s and early 1970s which ended in failure with companies going out of business , and their stored corpses thawed and disposed of .
Philanthropy consists of private initiatives , for the public good , focusing on quality of life . Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives , which are private initiatives for private good , focusing on material gain , and with government endeavors , which are public initiatives for public good , e.g. , focusing on provision of public services . A person who practices philanthropy is a philanthropist . Philanthropy is different from charity , though there is some overlap . Charity aims to relieve the pain of a particular social problem , whereas philanthropy attempts to address the root cause of the problem .
Maximilian Josef Sommer ( born June 26 , 1934 ) is a German-American stage , television , and film actor .
The third season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered in the United States on NBC on September 28 , 2003 and ended May 23 , 2004 . The DVD was released in the United States on September 14 , 2004 .
Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods or services sold in a given targeted time period . The seller , or the provider of the goods or services , completes a sale in response to an acquisition , appropriation , requisition , or a direct interaction with the buyer at the point of sale . There is a passing of title ( property or ownership ) of the item , and the settlement of a price , in which agreement is reached on a price for which transfer of ownership of the item will occur . The seller , not the purchaser , typically executes the sale and it may be completed prior to the obligation of payment . In the case of indirect interaction , a person who sells goods or service on behalf of the owner is known as a salesman or saleswoman or salesperson , but this often refers to someone selling goods in a store/shop , in which case other terms are also common , including salesclerk , shop assistant , and retail clerk . In common law countries , sales are governed generally by the common law and commercial codes . In the United States , the laws governing sales of goods are somewhat uniform to the extent that most jurisdictions have adopted Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code , albeit with some non-uniform variations .
The pharmaceutical industry discovers , develops , produces , and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as medications to be administered ( or self-administered ) to patients , with the aim to cure them , vaccinate them , or alleviate the symptoms . Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical devices . They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting , testing , safety , efficacy and marketing of drugs .
A blood substitute ( also called artificial blood or blood surrogate ) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood . It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion , which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another . Thus far , there are no well-accepted oxygen-carrying blood substitutes , which is the typical objective of a red blood cell transfusion ; however , there are widely available non-blood volume expanders for cases where only volume restoration is required . These are helping doctors and surgeons avoid the risks of disease transmission and immune suppression , address the chronic blood donor shortage , and address the concerns of Jehovah 's Witnesses and others who have religious objections to receiving transfused blood . The main categories of 'oxygen-carrying ' blood substitutes being pursued are hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers ( HBOC ) and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers ( PFBOC ) . Oxygen therapeutics are in clinical trials in the U.S. and Europe , and Hemopure is available in South Africa .
The Far East is a geographical term in English that usually refers to East Asia ( including Northeast Asia ) , the Russian Far East ( part of North Asia ) , and Southeast Asia . South Asia is sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons . The term Far East came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 12th century , denoting the Far East as the farthest of the three easts , beyond the Near East and the Middle East . Likewise , in Qing Dynasty of the 19th and early 20th centuries the term Tàixī ( 泰西 ) - i.e . anything further west than the Arab world - was used to refer to the Western countries . Since the 1960s , East Asia has become the most common term for the region in international mass media outlets .
Baggage or luggage consists of bags , cases , and containers which hold a traveller 's personal articles while the traveler is in transit . A modern traveller can be expected to have packages containing clothing , toiletries , small possessions , trip necessities . On the return trip , travelers may have souvenirs and gifts . For some people , luggage and the style thereof is representative of the owner 's wealth and status . Luggage is constructed to protect the items during travel , either with a hard shell or a durable soft material . Luggage often has internal subdivisions or sections to aid in securing items . Handles are typically provided to facilitate carrying , and some luggage may have wheels and/or telescoping handles or leashes to make moving them easier . Baggage ( not luggage ) , or baggage train , can also refer to the train of people and goods , both military and of a personal nature , which commonly followed pre-modern armies on campaign .
The fifth season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on NBC on September 25 , 2005 , and ended on May 14 , 2006 . This season featured the series 's first two-part episode and Cruise to Nowhere was referenced later for an eighth season episode titled All In . This season of Law & Order : CI remained in its time slot of NBC Sunday 's at 9PM/8c , its final season in this slot on NBC ; its move to Tuesdays in the sixth season caused a ratings decline . During the 2005-2006 network TV season episodes were up against episodes of Desperate Housewives on ABC and episodes of Family Guy and American Dad ! on Fox . The show roller coasted in the ratings with the competition , but NBC executives were impressed with the 11 million viewers per week it was able to retain .
A media proprietor , media mogul or media tycoon refers to a successful entrepreneur or businessperson who controls , through personal ownership or via a dominant position in any media related company or enterprise , media consumed by many individuals . Those with significant control , ownership , and influence of a large company in the mass media may also be called a tycoon , baron , or business magnate . Social media creators and founders can also be considered media moguls .
Malcolm McDowell ( born Malcolm John Taylor ; 13 June 1943 ) is an English actor , known for his boisterous and often villainous roles . He trained as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art . In a career spanning over 50 years , McDowell has played varied film roles across different genres as a character actor . He is perhaps best known for the controversial roles of Alex DeLarge in Stanley Kubrick 's A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ) , the title character in Tinto Brass 's Caligula ( 1979 ) , and Mick Travis in Lindsay Anderson 's trilogy of if . ( 1968 ) , O Lucky Man ! ( 1973 ) and Britannia Hospital ( 1982 ) . He has appeared in films such as Time After Time ( 1979 ) , Cat People ( 1982 ) , Star Trek Generations ( 1994 ) , Tank Girl ( 1995 ) , I Spy ( 2002 ) , Easy A ( 2010 ) and The Artist ( 2011 ) . He also appeared as Dr. Samuel Loomis in the 2007 remake Halloween and its 2009 sequel , Halloween II . He portrayed businessman Rupert Murdoch in the drama Bombshell ( 2019 ) . McDowell has had a string of roles on numerous television series such as Entourage ( 2006-2007 ; 2009-2011 ) , Heroes ( 2006-2007 ) , The Mentalist ( 2010-2013 ) , Franklin & Bash ( 2011-2014 ) , and Mozart in the Jungle ( 2014-2018 ) . He narrated the documentary The Compleat Beatles ( 1982 ) , and in recent years has become a prolific voice actor in films , television series and video games such as Metalocalypse ( 2007-2012 ) , Bolt ( 2008 ) , Fallout 3 ( 2008 ) , God of War III ( 2010 ) , Call of Duty : Black Ops III ( 2015 ) and The Elder Scrolls Online ( 2015 ) . He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2012 .
Rubber fetishism , or latex fetishism , is the fetishistic attraction to people wearing latex clothing or , in certain cases , to the garments themselves . PVC fetishism is closely related to rubber fetishism , with the former referring to shiny clothes made of the synthetic plastic polyvinyl chloride ( PVC ) and the latter referring to clothes made of rubber , which is generally thicker , less shiny , and more matte than latex . PVC is sometimes confused with the similarly shiny patent leather , which is also a fetish material . Latex or rubber fetishists sometimes refer to themselves as rubberists . Gay male rubberists tend to call themselves rubbermen . The terms PVC , vinyl and PU tend to be used interchangeably by retailers for clothing made from shiny plastic-coated fabrics . These fabrics usually consist of a backing woven from polyester fibers with a surface coating of shiny plastic . The plastic layer itself is typically a blend of PVC and polyurethane ( PU ) , with 100% PVC producing a stiff fabric with a glossy shine and 100% PU producing a stretchy fabric with a silky shine . A manufacturer 's label may say , for example , 67% polyester , 33% polyurethane for a fabric that contains no PVC ; or 80% polyvinyl chloride , 20% polyurethane with mention of the polyester backing omitted . The plastic layer is often textured to look like leather ( leatherlook , pleather ) , as opposed to smooth ( wetlook , patent ) .
Cindy Cheung ( born January 27 , 1970 ) is an American actress of Chinese descent . She is a founding member of Mr. Miyagi 's Theatre Company , and has an MFA in Acting from the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco . She is the best known for playing the role of Young-Soon Choi in Lady in the Water and Elaine Cheng in Children of Invention .
Keith Rupert Murdoch , AC , KCSG ( born 11 March 1931 ) is an Australian-born American media mogul who founded News Corp. Murdoch 's father , Sir Keith Murdoch , was a reporter and editor who became a senior executive of The Herald and Weekly Times publishing company , covering all Australian states except New South Wales . After his father 's death in 1952 , Murdoch declined to join his late father 's registered media public company and created his own private company , News Limited . In the 1950s and 1960s , Murdoch acquired a number of newspapers in Australia and New Zealand before expanding into the United Kingdom in 1969 , taking over the News of the World , followed closely by The Sun . In 1974 , Murdoch moved to New York City , to expand into the U.S. market ; however , he retained interests in Australia and Britain . In 1981 , Murdoch bought The Times , his first British broadsheet and , in 1985 , became a naturalized U.S. citizen , giving up his Australian citizenship , to satisfy the legal requirement for U.S. television network ownership . In 1986 , keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies , Murdoch consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping , causing bitter industrial disputes . His holding company News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox ( 1985 ) , HarperCollins ( 1989 ) , and The Wall Street Journal ( 2007 ) . Murdoch formed the British broadcaster BSkyB in 1990 and , during the 1990s , expanded into Asian networks and South American television . By 2000 , Murdoch 's News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries , with a net worth of over $ 5 billion . In July 2011 , Murdoch faced allegations that his companies , including the News of the World , owned by News Corporation , had been regularly hacking the phones of celebrities , royalty , and public citizens . Murdoch faced police and government investigations into bribery and corruption by the British government and FBI investigations in the U.S. On 21 July 2012 , Murdoch resigned as a director of News International . On 1 July 2015 , Murdoch left his post as CEO of 21st Century Fox .
Wašícu is the Lakota and Dakota word for people of European descent . It expresses the indigenous population 's perception of the non-natives ' relationship with the land and the indigenous population . Typically it refers to white people but does not specifically mention skin color or race .
The United States Secret Service ( also USSS or Secret Service ) is a federal law enforcement agency under the Department of Homeland Security charged with conducting criminal investigations and protecting the nation 's leaders and their families . Until 2003 , the Secret Service was part of the Department of the Treasury , as the agency was originally founded to combat the then-widespread counterfeiting of US currency .
Lobbying in the United States describes paid activity in which special interests hire well-connected professional advocates , often lawyers , to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress . It is a highly controversial phenomenon , often seen in a negative light by journalists and the American public , with some critics describing it as a legal form of bribery or extortion . While lobbying is subject to extensive and often complex rules which , if not followed , can lead to penalties including jail , the activity of lobbying has been interpreted by court rulings as constitutionally protected free speech and a way to petition the government for the redress of grievances , two of the freedoms protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution . Since the 1970s , lobbying activity has grown immensely in the United States in terms of the numbers of lobbyists and the size of lobbying budgets , and has become the focus of much criticism of American governance . Since lobby rules require extensive disclosure , there is a large amount of information in the public sphere about which entities lobby , how , at whom , and for how much . The current pattern suggests much lobbying is done primarily by corporations , although a wide variety of coalitions representing diverse groups also occurs . Lobbying takes place at every level of government , including federal , state , county , municipal , and even local governments . In Washington , D.C. , lobbying usually targets members of Congress , although there have been efforts to influence executive agency officials as well as Supreme Court appointments . Lobbying can have an important influence on the political system ; for example , a study in 2014 suggested that special interest lobbying enhanced the power of elite groups and was a factor shifting the nation 's political structure toward an oligarchy in which average citizens have little or no independent influence . The number of lobbyists in Washington is estimated to be over twelve thousand , but most lobbying ( in terms of expenditures ) , is handled by fewer than 300 firms with low turnover . A report in The Nation in 2014 suggested that while the number of registered lobbyists in 2013 ( 12,281 ) decreased compared to 2002 , lobbying activity was increasing and going underground as lobbyists use increasingly sophisticated strategies to obscure their activity . Analyst James A. Thurber estimated that the actual number of working lobbyists was close to 100,000 and that the industry brings in $ 9 billion annually .
David Alan Basche ( born August 25 , 1968 ) is an American actor . He is best known for playing Todd Beamer in the film United 93 , directed by Paul Greengrass . He has appeared in regional and professional theater , film and television including guest appearances on numerous television dramas .
Bruce Travis McGill ( born July 11 , 1950 ) is an American actor . He is perhaps best known for his work with director Michael Mann in the movies The Insider ( 1999 ) , Ali ( 2001 ) , and Collateral ( 2004 ) . McGill 's other notable film roles include Daniel Simpson D-Day Day in John Landis ' Animal House , Com . Matuzak in Timecop , Reverend Larson in Shallow Hal , Gene Revell in The Sum of All Fears , and Lt. Brooks in Ride Along and its sequel Ride Along 2 . Bruce McGill 's television roles include Jack Dalton on MacGyver ( 1985-1992 ) and Det . Vince Korsak on Rizzoli & Isles ( 2010-2016 ) . He also portrayed Captain Braxton in one episode of Star Trek Voyager ( 1999 ) and voiced Lloyd Waterman , the owner of Waterman cable , on The Cleveland Show ( 2012-2014 ) . He played Ralph Houk in Billy Crystal 's made-for-television film 61* ( 2001 ) . During the 2016 presidential election , McGill narrated a number of commercials promoting Donald Trump and the Republican Party .
Jack Allan Abramoff ( /ˈeɪbrəmɒf/ ; born February 28 , 1959 ) is an American lobbyist , businessman , movie producer and writer . He was at the center of an extensive corruption investigation led by Earl Devaney that resulted in his conviction and to 21 people either pleading guilty or being found guilty , including White House officials J. Steven Griles and David Safavian , U.S. Representative Bob Ney , and nine other lobbyists and congressional aides . Abramoff was College Republican National Committee National Chairman from 1981 to 1985 , a founding member of the International Freedom Foundation , allegedly financed by apartheid South Africa , and served on the board of directors of the National Center for Public Policy Research , a conservative think tank . From 1994 to 2001 he was a top lobbyist for the firm of Preston Gates & Ellis , and then for Greenberg Traurig until March 2004 . After a guilty plea in the Jack Abramoff Native American lobbying scandal and his dealings with SunCruz Casinos in January 2006 , he was sentenced to six years in federal prison for mail fraud , conspiracy to bribe public officials , and tax evasion . He served 43 months before being released on December 3 , 2010 . After his release from prison , he wrote the autobiographical book Capitol Punishment : The Hard Truth About Washington Corruption From America 's Most Notorious Lobbyist which was published in November 2011 . Abramoff 's lobbying and the surrounding scandals and investigation are the subject of two 2010 films : the documentary Casino Jack and the United States of Money , released in May 2010 , and the feature film Casino Jack , released on December 17 , 2010 , starring Kevin Spacey as Abramoff .
The sixth season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on NBC September 19 , 2006 , and ended May 21 , 2007 ; this was the last season to air original episodes on NBC . This season of Law & Order : CI premiered in the NBC Tuesday 9/8c time slot as a lead-in for episodes of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ; NBC had acquired the rights to Sunday Night Football for the 2006-2007 season . For its first six airings , it faced CBS 's The Unit and baseball on Fox . In late October , Fox 's hit series House moved opposite L & O : CI . It was hoped that the show could maintain second position , beating the then-marginal The Unit , but that did not occur . The show 's ratings suffered a steep drop and it regularly finished fourth in its time slot . By the end of the season , Law & Order : CI saw its lowest ratings ever on NBC , the episodes Endgame and Renewal being shifted to originally air on Monday nights . This is the last season the original hard rock theme song was used in the opening sequence before changing to the fast-paced theme song of the now-defunct related series Law & Order : Trial by Jury - coinciding with the show 's move to USA Network in Fall 2007 .
A sniper is a marksman who operates to shoot people from a concealed position . Snipers generally have specialized training and are equipped with high-precision rifles and high-magnification optics , and often feed information back to their units or command headquarters . In addition to marksmanship and long range shooting , military snipers are trained in a variety of tactical techniques : detection , stalking , and target range estimation methods , camouflage , field craft , infiltration , special reconnaissance and observation , surveillance and target acquisition .
The Burr-Hamilton duel was a duel fought at Weehawken , New Jersey , between Vice President Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton , the former Secretary of the Treasury . It occurred early in the morning of July 11 , 1804 , and was the culmination of a long and bitter rivalry between the two men . Vice President Burr shot Hamilton , while Hamilton 's shot broke a tree branch directly above Burr 's head . Hamilton was carried to the home of William Bayard Jr. where he died the next day .
Alexander Harper Berkeley ( born December 16 , 1955 ) is an American actor . He is known for his television roles as Sheriff Thomas McAllister on the crime drama The Mentalist , George Mason on the political thriller series 24 , Percy Rose on the action thriller series Nikita , the Man on The Booth At The End and Gregory in AMC 's The Walking Dead . His notable film roles include Todd Voight in Terminator 2 : Judgment Day , Agent Gibbs in Air Force One , Bowery Snax in Sid and Nancy , Dr. Lamar in Gattaca , Trevor Lyle in Candyman and Ralph in Heat .
Donna Murphy ( born March 7 , 1959 ) is an American actress and singer , known for her work in musical theater . A five-time Tony Award nominee , she has twice won the Tony for Best Actress in a Musical : for her role as Fosca in Passion ( 1994-95 ) and as Anna Leonowens in The King and I ( 1996-97 ) . She was also nominated for her roles as Ruth Sherwood in Wonderful Town ( 2003 ) , Lotte Lenya in LoveMusik ( 2007 ) and Bubbie/Raisel in The People in the Picture ( 2011 ) . Murphy made her Broadway debut as a replacement in the 1979 musical They 're Playing Our Song . Her other stage credits include the original off-Broadway productions of Song of Singapore ( 1991 ) and Hello Again ( 1993 ) , as well as the alternate to Bette Midler as the title character in a Broadway revival of Hello , Dolly ! ( 2017-18 ) . In 1997 , she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children 's Special for her role in Someone Had to be Benny , an episode of the HBO series Lifestories : Families in Crisis . Her film roles include Anij in Star Trek : Insurrection ( 1998 ) ; Rosalie Octavius in Spider-Man 2 ( 2004 ) ; Mother Gothel in the animated film Tangled ( 2010 ) , and one of the government secretaries in The Bourne Legacy ( 2012 ) .
The mayor of New York City is head of the executive branch of the Government of New York City . The mayor 's office administers all city services , public property , police and fire protection , most public agencies , and enforces all city and state laws within New York City . The budget , overseen by New York City Mayor 's Office of Management and Budget , is the largest municipal budget in the United States at $ 92 billion a year . The city employs 325,000 people , spends about $ 21 billion to educate more than 1.1 million students ( the largest public school system in the United States ) and levies $ 27 billion in taxes . It receives $ 14 billion from the state and federal governments . The mayor 's office is located in New York City Hall ; it has jurisdiction over all five boroughs of New York City : Manhattan , Brooklyn , the Bronx , Staten Island and Queens . The mayor appoints numerous officials , including commissioners who head city departments , and his deputy mayors . The mayor 's regulations are compiled in title 43 of the New York City Rules . According to current law , the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms in office but may run again after a four-year break . It was changed from two to three terms on October 23 , 2008 , when the New York City Council voted 29-22 in favor of passing the term limit extension into law . However , in 2010 , a referendum reverting the limit to two terms passed overwhelmingly . The current mayor is Democrat Bill de Blasio , who was elected on November 5 , 2013 and reelected to a second term on November 7 , 2017 .
Jeanine Ferris Pirro ( born June 2 , 1951 in Elmira , New York ) is an American television host , author , and a former New York judge , prosecutor , and politician . Pirro is currently the host of Fox News Channel 's Justice with Judge Jeanine . She was a frequent contributor to NBC News , including frequent appearances on The Today Show . A Republican , she was the first female judge elected in Westchester County , New York . She was subsequently elected the first female District Attorney of Westchester County . As District Attorney , Pirro gained visibility in cases of domestic abuse and crimes against the elderly . Pirro briefly sought the Republican nomination for United States Senate against Hillary Clinton in 2006 , but dropped out to accept the nomination for New York Attorney General which she was unsuccessful at winning . In 2018 , she authored the book Liars , Leakers , and Liberals : The Case Against the Anti-Trump Conspiracy .
The sixth season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on NBC September 19 , 2006 , and ended May 21 , 2007 ; this was the last season to air original episodes on NBC . This season of Law & Order : CI premiered in the NBC Tuesday 9/8c time slot as a lead-in for episodes of Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ; NBC had acquired the rights to Sunday Night Football for the 2006-2007 season . For its first six airings , it faced CBS 's The Unit and baseball on Fox . In late October , Fox 's hit series House moved opposite L & O : CI . It was hoped that the show could maintain second position , beating the then-marginal The Unit , but that did not occur . The show 's ratings suffered a steep drop and it regularly finished fourth in its time slot . By the end of the season , Law & Order : CI saw its lowest ratings ever on NBC , the episodes Endgame and Renewal being shifted to originally air on Monday nights . This is the last season the original hard rock theme song was used in the opening sequence before changing to the fast-paced theme song of the now-defunct related series Law & Order : Trial by Jury - coinciding with the show 's move to USA Network in Fall 2007 .
Lee Allen Tergesen ( born July 8 , 1965 ) is an American actor . He is known for his roles in Weird Science , as Tobias Beecher in HBO 's prison drama Oz and as Evan Wright in Generation Kill , as well as guest starring in many other series .
Polonium is a chemical element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84 . A rare and highly radioactive metal with no stable isotopes , polonium is chemically similar to selenium and tellurium , though its metallic character resembles that of its horizontal neighbors in the periodic table : thallium , lead , and bismuth . Due to the short half-life of all its isotopes , its natural occurrence is limited to tiny traces of the fleeting polonium-210 ( with a half-life of 138 days ) in uranium ores , as it is the penultimate daughter of natural uranium-238 . Though slightly longer-lived isotopes exist , they are much more difficult to produce . Today , polonium is usually produced in milligram quantities by the neutron irradiation of bismuth . Due to its intense radioactivity , which results in the radiolysis of chemical bonds and radioactive self-heating , its chemistry has mostly been investigated on the trace scale only . Polonium was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie , when it was extracted from the uranium ore pitchblende and identified solely by its strong radioactivity : it was the first element to be so discovered . Polonium was named after Marie Curie 's homeland of Poland . Polonium has few applications , and those are related to its radioactivity : heaters in space probes , antistatic devices , sources of neutrons and alpha particles , and poison . It is a radioactive element and extremely dangerous to humans .
Israel , formally known as the State of Israel ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ) , is a country in Western Asia , located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition . [ fn 4 ] Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa . Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age , while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age . The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE . Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian , Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces . The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE , which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE , and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea . Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction , the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina . Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries . In the 7th century CE , the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099 , followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187 .
Alexander Litvinenko was a former officer of the Russian Federal Security Service ( FSB ) and KGB . After speaking critically about what he saw as corruption within the Russian government , he fled retribution to the UK , where he remained a vocal critic of the Russian state . Six years after fleeing , he was poisoned by two Russians in a suspected assassination . On 1 November 2006 , Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalized . He died three weeks later , becoming the first confirmed victim of lethal polonium-210-induced acute radiation syndrome . Litvinenko 's allegations about misdeeds of the FSB and his public deathbed accusations that Russian president Vladimir Putin was behind his unusual malady resulted in worldwide media coverage . Subsequent investigations by British authorities into the circumstances of Litvinenko 's death led to serious diplomatic difficulties between the British and Russian governments . No charges were ever laid but a non-judicial public hearing was put on in 2014-2015 , during which the Scotland Yard representative testified that the evidence suggests that the only credible explanation is in one way or another the Russian state is involved in Litvinenko 's murder . Another witness stated that Dmitry Kovtun had been speaking openly about the plan to kill Litvinenko that was intended to set an example as a punishment for a traitor . The main suspect in the case , a former officer of the Russian Federal Protective Service ( FSO ) , Andrey Lugovoy , remains in Russia .
Rachel Aliene Corrie ( April 10 , 1979 - March 16 , 2003 ) was an American activist and diarist . She was a member of a pro-Palestinian group called the International Solidarity Movement ( ISM ) . She was killed by an Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) armored bulldozer in a combat zone in Rafah , in the southern part of the Gaza Strip , under contested circumstances during the height of the second Palestinian intifada . She had gone to Gaza as part of her senior-year college assignment to connect her home town with Rafah in a sister cities project . While there , she had engaged with other International Solidarity Movement ( ISM ) activists in efforts to prevent the Israeli army 's demolition of Palestinian houses . According to the Israeli authorities the demolitions were carried out to eliminate weapons-smuggling tunnels . According to human rights groups the demolitions were used as collective punishment . Less than two months after her arrival , on March 16 , 2003 , Corrie was killed during an Israeli military operation after a three-hour confrontation between Israeli soldiers operating two bulldozers and eight ISM activists . The exact nature of her death and the culpability of the bulldozer operator are disputed , with fellow ISM protestors saying that the Israeli soldier operating the bulldozer deliberately ran over Corrie , and Israeli eyewitnesses saying that it was an accident since the bulldozer operator could not see her . The Israeli army conducted an investigation , which concluded that the death was an accident , and that the driver of the bulldozer could not see Corrie due to limited visibility from his cab . Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch as well as B'Tselem and Yesh Din criticized the military investigation . In 2005 , Corrie 's parents filed a civil lawsuit against the state of Israel .
The seventh season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on USA Network on October 4 , 2007 , and ended on August 24 , 2008 . The first ten episodes of the seventh season aired on Thursday nights at 10:00PM/9:00PM ( Central ) , filling a slot previously occupied by the first season of Burn Notice . The season then took a fall finale with the episode Senseless , coinciding with the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike where show runner/executive producer Warren Leight and the rest of the writing staff participated in the work stoppage ; the first ten episodes of the season being the only ones produced . The remaining twelve episodes resumed airing Sunday nights at 9:00PM/8:00PM ( Central ) - leading in new series In Plain Sight - starting June 8 , 2008 .
Dentistry , also known as dental medicine and oral medicine , is a branch of medicine that consists of the study , diagnosis , prevention , and treatment of diseases , disorders , and conditions of the oral cavity , commonly in the dentition but also the oral mucosa , and of adjacent and related structures and tissues , particularly in the maxillofacial ( jaw and facial ) area . Although primarily associated with teeth among the general public , the field of dentistry or dental medicine is not limited to teeth but includes other aspects of the craniofacial complex including the temporomandibular joint and other supporting , muscular , lymphatic , nervous , vascular , and anatomical structures . Dentistry is often also understood to subsume the now largely defunct medical specialty of stomatology ( the study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases ) for which reason the two terms are used interchangeably in certain regions. [ where ? ] Dental treatments are carried out by a dental team , which often consists of a dentist and dental auxiliaries ( dental assistants , dental hygienists , dental technicians , as well as dental therapists ) . Most dentists either work in private practices ( primary care ) , dental hospitals or ( secondary care ) institutions ( prisons , armed forces bases , etc. ) . The history of dentistry is almost as ancient as the history of humanity and civilization with the earliest evidence dating from 7000 BC . Remains from the early Harappan periods of the Indus Valley Civilization ( c. 3300 BC ) show evidence of teeth having been drilled dating back 9,000 years . It is thought that dental surgery was the first specialization from medicine . The modern movement of evidence-based dentistry calls for the use of high-quality scientific evidence to guide decision-making .
Adam Heller ( born June 25 , 1933 ) is an Israeli-American engineer , Chief Science Officer of SynAgile Corp. and Ernest Cockrell Sr . Chair Emeritus of Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin . He consults to Abbott Diabetes Care , Inc. of Alameda , California , the maker of the Freestyle line of products .
The Food and Drug Administration ( FDA or USFDA ) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services , one of the United States federal executive departments . The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety , tobacco products , dietary supplements , prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs ( medications ) , vaccines , biopharmaceuticals , blood transfusions , medical devices , electromagnetic radiation emitting devices ( ERED ) , cosmetics , animal foods & feed and veterinary products . The FDA was empowered by the United States Congress to enforce the Federal Food , Drug , and Cosmetic Act , which serves as the primary focus for the Agency ; the FDA also enforces other laws , notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act and associated regulations , many of which are not directly related to food or drugs . These include regulating lasers , cellular phones , condoms and control of disease on products ranging from certain household pets to sperm donation for assisted reproduction . The FDA is led by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs , appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate . The Commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services . Stephen M. Hahn , MD is the acting commissioner , as of December 2019 [ update ] . The FDA has its headquarters in unincorporated White Oak , Maryland . The agency also has 223 field offices and 13 laboratories located throughout the 50 states , the United States Virgin Islands , and Puerto Rico . In 2008 , the FDA began to post employees to foreign countries , including China , India , Costa Rica , Chile , Belgium , and the United Kingdom .
Counterfeit consumer goods are goods , often of inferior quality , made or sold under another 's brand name without the brand owner 's authorization . Sellers of such goods may infringe on either the trademark , patent or copyright of the brand owner by passing off its goods as made by the brand owner . :3 Counterfeit products made up 5 to 7% of world trade in 2013 , and in 2014 cost an estimated 2.5 million jobs worldwide , with up to 750,000 jobs lost in the U.S. About 5% of goods imported into the European Union in 2013 were fakes , according to the OECD . The colloquial term knockoff is often used interchangeably with counterfeit , although their legal meanings are not identical . Knockoff products are those that copy or imitate the physical appearance of other products but which do not copy the brand name or logo of a trademark . They may still be illegal under trademark laws if they confuse consumers . Counterfeiters can include producers , distributors or retail sellers . Pirated goods are reproductions of copyrighted products used without permission , such as music , movies or software . :96 Exact definitions depend on the laws of various countries . Growing over 10,000% in the last two decades , counterfeit products exist in virtually every industry sector , including food , beverages , apparel , accessories , footwear , pharmaceuticals , cosmetics , electronics , auto parts , toys , and currency . The spread of counterfeit goods is worldwide , with the International Chamber of Commerce ( ICC ) in 2008 having estimated the global value of all counterfeit goods at $ 650 billion annually , increasing to $ 1.77 trillion by 2015 . Countries including the U.S. , Italy and France are among the hardest hit , as their economies thrive on producing high-value products , protected by intellectual property rights and trademarks .
Mouthwash , mouth rinse , oral rinse , or mouth bath is a liquid which is held in the mouth passively or swilled around the mouth by contraction of the perioral muscles and/or movement of the head , and may be gargled , where the head is tilted back and the liquid bubbled at the back of the mouth . Usually mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions intended to reduce the microbial load in the oral cavity , although other mouthwashes might be given for other reasons such as for their analgesic , anti-inflammatory or anti-fungal action . Additionally , some rinses act as saliva substitutes to neutralize acid and keep the mouth moist in xerostomia ( dry mouth ) . Cosmetic mouthrinses temporarily control or reduce bad breath and leave the mouth with a pleasant taste . Rinsing with water or mouthwash after brushing with a fluoride toothpaste can reduce the availability of salivary fluoride . This can lower the anti-cavity re-mineralization and antibacterial effects of fluoride . Fluoridated mouthwash may mitigate this effect or in high concentrations increase available fluoride . A group of experts discussing post brushing rinsing in 2012 found that although there was clear guidance given in many public health advice publications to spit , avoid rinsing with water/excessive rinsing with water they believed there was a limited evidence base for best practice .
An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid . An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments . Common antifreezes increase the boiling point of the liquid , allowing higher coolant temperature . Because water has good properties as a coolant , water plus antifreeze is used in internal combustion engines and other heat transfer applications , such as HVAC chillers and solar water heaters . The purpose of antifreeze is to prevent a rigid enclosure from bursting due to expansion when water freezes . Commercially , both the additive ( pure concentrate ) and the mixture ( diluted solution ) are called antifreeze , depending on the context . Careful selection of an antifreeze can enable a wide temperature range in which the mixture remains in the liquid phase , which is critical to efficient heat transfer and the proper functioning of heat exchangers .
A whistleblower ( also written as whistle-blower or whistle blower ) is a person who exposes secretive information or activity that is deemed illegal , unethical , or not correct within a private or public organization . The information of alleged wrongdoing can be classified in many ways : violation of company policy/rules , law , regulation , or threat to public interest/national security , as well as fraud , and corruption . Those who become whistleblowers can choose to bring information or allegations to surface either internally or externally . Internally , a whistleblower can bring his/her accusations to the attention of other people within the accused organization such as an immediate supervisor . Externally , a whistleblower can bring allegations to light by contacting a third party outside of an accused organization such as the media , government , law enforcement , or those who are concerned . Whistleblowers , however , take the risk of facing stiff reprisal and retaliation from those who are accused or alleged of wrongdoing . Because of this , a number of laws exist to protect whistleblowers . Some third-party groups even offer protection to whistleblowers , but that protection can only go so far . Whistleblowers face legal action , criminal charges , social stigma , and termination from any position , office , or job . Two other classifications of whistleblowing are private and public . The classifications relate to the type of organizations someone chooses to whistle-blow on : private sector , or public sector . Depending on many factors , both can have varying results .
Amy Louise Acker ( born December 5 , 1976 ) is an American actress . She is best known for starring as Winifred Burkle and Illyria on the supernatural drama series Angel ( 2001-2004 ) , as Kelly Peyton on the action drama series Alias ( 2005-2006 ) , and as Root on the science-fiction drama series Person of Interest ( 2012-2016 ) . From 2017 to 2019 she starred as Caitlin Strucker on the superhero drama series The Gifted , based on Marvel Comics ' X-Men .
The seventh season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on USA Network on October 4 , 2007 , and ended on August 24 , 2008 . The first ten episodes of the seventh season aired on Thursday nights at 10:00PM/9:00PM ( Central ) , filling a slot previously occupied by the first season of Burn Notice . The season then took a fall finale with the episode Senseless , coinciding with the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike where show runner/executive producer Warren Leight and the rest of the writing staff participated in the work stoppage ; the first ten episodes of the season being the only ones produced . The remaining twelve episodes resumed airing Sunday nights at 9:00PM/8:00PM ( Central ) - leading in new series In Plain Sight - starting June 8 , 2008 .
Juvenile delinquency , also known juvenile offending , is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as minors ( juveniles , i.e . individuals younger than the statutory age of majority ) . Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles , such as juvenile detention centers and courts , with it being common that juvenile systems are treated as civil cases instead of criminal , or a hybrid thereof to avoid certain requirements required for criminal cases ( typically the rights to a public trial or to a jury trial ) . A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically below 18 ( 17 in Georgia , New York , Michigan , Missouri , North Carolina , New Hampshire , Texas , and Wisconsin ) years of age and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult . Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed , it is possible for people under 18 to be charged and treated as adults . In recent years [ vague ] a higher proportion of youth have experienced arrests by their early 20s than in the past . Some scholars have concluded that this may reflect more aggressive criminal justice and zero-tolerance policies rather than changes in youth behavior . Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses ( such as underage smoking/ drinking ) , to property crimes and violent crimes . Youth violence rates in the United States have dropped to approximately 12% of peak rates in 1993 according to official US government statistics , suggesting that most juvenile offending is non-violent . However , juvenile offending can be considered to be normative adolescent behavior . This is because most teens tend to offend by committing non-violent crimes , only once or a few times , and only during adolescence . Repeated and/or violent offending is likely to lead to later and more violent offenses .
Trevor John Morgan ( born November 26 , 1986 ) is an American actor . He has appeared in the films Genius , The Sixth Sense , The Patriot , A Rumor of Angels , Jurassic Park III , The Glass House , Chasing 3000 , Mean Creek , Barney 's Great Adventure based on the popular childrens television series , Local Color , Family Plan , and Uncle Nino .
A prison , [ a ] also known as a correctional facility , jail , [ b ] gaol ( dated , British and Australian English [ c ] ) , penitentiary ( American English ) , detention center ( or centre if outside the US ) , correctional center , [ d ] ( American English ) or remand center , is a facility in which inmates ( or prisoners ) are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state . Prisons are most commonly used within a criminal justice system : people charged with crimes may be imprisoned until their trial ; those pleading or being found guilty of crimes at trial may be sentenced to a specified period of imprisonment . In simplest terms , a prison can also be described as a building in which people are legally held as a punishment for a crime they have committed . Prisons can also be used as a tool of political repression by authoritarian regimes . Their perceived opponents may be imprisoned for political crimes , often without trial or other legal due process ; this use is illegal under most forms of international law governing fair administration of justice . In times of war , prisoners of war or detainees may be detained in military prisons or prisoner of war camps , and large groups of civilians might be imprisoned in internment camps . In American English , the terms prison and jail have separate definitions , though this is not always followed in casual speech . A prison or penitentiary holds people for longer periods of time , such as many years , and is operated by a state or federal government . A jail holds people for shorter periods of time ( e.g . for shorter sentences or pre-trial detention ) and is usually operated by a local government . Outside of North America , prison and jail have the same meaning . Slang terms for a prison include : the pokey , the slammer , the cage , the can , the clink , the joint , the calaboose , the hoosegow , crowbar hotel and the big house .
Sadistic personality disorder is a personality disorder involving sadism which appeared in an appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-III-R ) . The later versions of the DSM ( DSM-IV , DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 ) do not include it . The words sadism and sadist are derived from Marquis de Sade .
The warden ( US , Canada ) or governor ( UK , Australia ) , also known as a superintendent ( US , South Asia ) or director ( UK , New Zealand ) , is the official who is in charge of a prison .
Debra Monk ( born February 27 , 1949 ) is an American actress , singer , and writer , best known for her performances on the Broadway stage . She earned her first Tony Award for the 1993 production of Redwood Curtain and won an Emmy Award for several guest appearances on NYPD Blue between 1998 and 1999 .
Robert Goren is a fictional character featured in the NBC-USA Network police procedural and legal drama television series Law & Order : Criminal Intent , portrayed by Vincent D'Onofrio . Goren is a detective investigator first grade for the Major Case Squad in the New York City Police Department ( NYPD ) . His badge number is 4376 . He is partnered with Det . Alexandra Eames ( Kathryn Erbe ) . As created by executive producer René Balcer , Goren is an intense , extremely intelligent , and imposing man , but is also unpredictable and sometimes volatile . He appeared in 141 episodes .
Vincent Philip D'Onofrio ( /dəˈnɒfrioʊ/ ; born June 30 , 1959 ) is an American actor , producer , director , and singer . He is known for his supporting and starring roles in both film and television . He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Saturn Awards , winning one for his supporting role in Men in Black . His roles include Private Leonard Gomer Pyle Lawrence in Full Metal Jacket ( 1987 ) , Wilson Fisk / Kingpin in Daredevil ( 2015-2018 ) , NYPD Detective Robert Goren in Law & Order : Criminal Intent , Edgar the Bug in Men in Black ( 1997 ) , and Vic Hoskins in Jurassic World ( 2015 ) . Among other honors , D'Onofrio is a Saturn Award winner , an Emmy Award nominee and a Jay Award 2018 winner .
To go undercover is to avoid detection by the entity one is observing , and especially to disguise one 's own identity or use an assumed identity for the purposes of gaining the trust of an individual or organization to learn or confirm confidential information or to gain the trust of targeted individuals in order to gather information or evidence . Traditionally , it is a technique employed by law enforcement agencies or private investigators , and a person who works in such a role is commonly referred to as an undercover agent .
The seventh season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on USA Network on October 4 , 2007 , and ended on August 24 , 2008 . The first ten episodes of the seventh season aired on Thursday nights at 10:00PM/9:00PM ( Central ) , filling a slot previously occupied by the first season of Burn Notice . The season then took a fall finale with the episode Senseless , coinciding with the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike where show runner/executive producer Warren Leight and the rest of the writing staff participated in the work stoppage ; the first ten episodes of the season being the only ones produced . The remaining twelve episodes resumed airing Sunday nights at 9:00PM/8:00PM ( Central ) - leading in new series In Plain Sight - starting June 8 , 2008 .
To be in exile means to be away from one 's home ( i.e . village , town , city , state , province , territory or even country ) , while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return . In Roman law , exsilium denoted both voluntary exile and banishment as a capital punishment alternative to death . Deportation was forced exile , and entailed the lifelong loss of citizenship and property . Relegation was a milder form of deportation , which preserved the subject 's citizenship and property . The terms diaspora and refugee describe group exile , both voluntary and forced , and government in exile describes a government of a country that has relocated and argues its legitimacy from outside that country . Voluntary exile is often depicted as a form of protest by the person who claims it , to avoid persecution and prosecution ( such as tax or criminal allegations ) , an act of shame or repentance , or isolating oneself to be able to devote time to a particular pursuit . Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest , detention or exile .
The Tamil people , also known as Tamilar , Thamizhar ( Tamil : தமிழர் , tamiẓhar ( singular ) ? [ t̪amiɻaɾ ] , or Tamil : தமிழர்கள் , tamiẓarkaḷ ( plural ) ? [ t̪amiɻaɾxaɭ ] ) , or simply Tamils ( /ˈtæmɪl/ ) , are a Dravidian ethnic group who speak the Tamil language as their mother tongue and trace their ancestry to Southern India and northern Sri Lanka . Tamils constitute 5.9% of the population in India ( concentrated mainly in Tamil Nadu ) , 15% in Sri Lanka , [ note 2 ] 6% in Mauritius , 7% in Malaysia and 5% in Singapore . Tamils , with a population of around 76 million and with a documented history stretching back over 2,000 years , are one of the largest and oldest extant ethnolinguistic groups in the modern world . From the 4th century BC onwards , urbanisation and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coasts of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil political states , the Cheras , Cholas , Pandyas and Pallavas and a number of smaller states , all of whom were warring amongst themselves for dominance . The Jaffna Kingdom , inhabited by Sri Lankan Tamils , was once one of the strongest kingdoms of Sri Lanka , and controlled much of the north of the island . Tamils were noted for their influence on regional trade throughout the Indian Ocean . Artifacts marking the presence of Roman traders show direct trade was active between Rome and southern India , and the Pandyas were recorded as having sent at least two embassies directly to Emperor Augustus in Rome . The Pandyas and Cholas were historically active in Sri Lanka . The Chola dynasty successfully invaded several areas in southeast Asia , including the powerful Srivijaya and the Malay city-state of Kedah . Medieval Tamil guilds and trading organizations like the Ayyavole and Manigramam played an important role in Southeast Asian trading networks .
Indira Anne Varma ( born 27 September ) is a British actress . Her film debut and first major role was in Kama Sutra : A Tale of Love . She has gone on to appear in the television series The Canterbury Tales , Rome , Luther , Human Target , and Game of Thrones ( playing Ellaria Sand ) . In September 2016 , she began starring in the ITV/Netflix series Paranoid , as DS Nina Suresh . She also stars in the new Amazon Prime series , Carnival Row .
Contract killing is a form of murder in which one party hires another party ( often called a hitman ) to kill a target individual or group of people . It involves an illegal agreement between two or more parties in which one party agrees to kill the target in exchange for some form of payment , monetary or otherwise . Either party may be a person , group , or an organization . Contract killing has been associated with organized crime , government conspiracies , and vendettas . For example , in the United States , the gang Murder , Inc. committed hundreds of murders on behalf of the National Crime Syndicate during the 1930s and 1940s . Contract killing provides the hiring party with the advantage of not having to carry out the actual killing , making it more difficult for law enforcement to connect said party with the murder . The likelihood that authorities will establish that party 's guilt for the committed crime , especially due to lack of forensic evidence linked to the contracting party , makes the case more difficult to attribute to the hiring party .
Benazir Bhutto ( Sindhi : بينظير ڀُٽو ; Urdu : بینظیر بھٹو ; Urdu pronunciation : [ beːnəˈziːr ˈbʱʊʈ.ʈoː ] ; 21 June 1953 - 27 December 2007 ) was a Pakistani politician who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996 . She was the first woman to head a democratic government in a Muslim majority nation . Ideologically a liberal and a secularist , she chaired or co-chaired the Pakistan Peoples Party ( PPP ) from the early 1980s until her assassination in 2007 . Of mixed Sindhi and Kurdish parentage , Bhutto was born in Karachi to a politically important , wealthy aristocratic family . Her father , the PPP 's founder and leader Zulfikar , was elected Prime Minister on a socialist platform in 1973 . Bhutto studied at Harvard University and the University of Oxford , where she was President of the Oxford Union . She returned to Pakistan in 1977 , shortly before her father was ousted in a military coup and executed . Bhutto and her mother Nusrat took control of the PPP and led the country 's Movement for the Restoration of Democracy ; Bhutto was repeatedly imprisoned by Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 's military government and then exiled to Britain in 1984 . She returned in 1986 and - influenced by Thatcherite economics - transformed the PPP 's platform from a socialist to a liberal one , before leading it to victory in the 1988 election . As Prime Minister , her attempts at reform were stifled by conservative and Islamist forces , including President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and the powerful military . Her administration was accused of corruption and nepotism , and dismissed by Khan in 1990 . Intelligence services rigged that year 's election to ensure a victory for the conservative Islamic Democratic Alliance ( IJI ) , after which Bhutto served as the Leader of the Opposition .
The eighth season of Law & Order : Criminal Intent premiered on the USA Network in the United States on April 19 , 2009 . It consisted of sixteen episodes , and concluded on August 9 , 2009 . The day following each episode 's broadcast on television , they are made available to purchase and download from the iTunes Store . Law & Order : Criminal Intent is an American police procedural television series set and filmed in New York City . It is the second spin-off of the long-running crime drama Law & Order , and was created by Dick Wolf and René Balcer . Law & Order : Criminal Intent follows the New York City Police Department 's Major Case Squad , which investigates high-profile murder cases . Season eight starred Vincent D'Onofrio as Detective Robert Goren , Kathryn Erbe as Detective Alexandra Eames , Julianne Nicholson as Detective Megan Wheeler , and Eric Bogosian as Captain Danny Ross . Jeff Goldblum joined the cast as Detective Zack Nichols . The season was executive produced by the following teams : Walon Green and Michael Chernuchin ; Ed Zuckerman and Tim Lea ; Dick Wolf and Peter Jankowski ; and Norberto Barba , Diana Son , Julie Martin , and Arthur W. Forney .
Elizabeth Folan Gilpin ( born July 21 , 1986 ) is an American actress . She is best known for portraying Debbie Liberty Belle Eagan in the Netflix comedy series GLOW ( 2017-present ) , for which she was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series . She also starred as Dr. Carrie Roman in the Showtime comedy-drama series Nurse Jackie ( 2013-2015 ) . Gilpin has also starred in films such as the mystery thriller True Story ( 2015 ) , the science fiction romantic comedy Future '38 ( 2017 ) , the fantasy romantic comedy Is n't It Romantic ( 2019 ) , the comedy-drama A Dog 's Journey ( 2019 ) , and the action comedy Stuber ( 2019 ) .
The New York City Council is the lawmaking body of the City of New York . It has 51 members from 51 council districts throughout the five boroughs . The Council serves as a check against the mayor in a mayor-council government model . The Council monitors the performance of city agencies and makes land use decisions as well as legislating on a variety of other issues . The City Council also has sole responsibility for approving the city budget . Members elected in or after the year 2010 are limited to two consecutive terms in office , but may run again after a four-year respite ; however , Members elected prior to 2010 may seek third consecutive terms . The head of the City Council is called the Speaker . The current Speaker is Corey Johnson , a Democrat . The Speaker sets the agenda and presides at meetings of the City Council . Proposed legislation is submitted through the Speaker 's Office . There are 48 Democratic council members led by Majority Leader Laurie Cumbo . The three Republican council members are led by Minority Leader Steven Matteo .
Scott E. Cohen ( born December 19 , 1961 ) is an American actor . He is known for his portrayal of Wolf in the 2000 NBC miniseries The 10th Kingdom , his performance as detective Steve Thomas in Perfect Murder , Perfect Town , his recurring role as Lorelai Gilmore 's love interest Max Medina on the WB series Gilmore Girls , and his role as Josh in the indie romantic flick Kissing Jessica Stein .
Katherine Whitton Baker ( born June 8 , 1950 ) is an American actress . Baker began her career in theatre and made her screen debut in the 1983 drama film , The Right Stuff . She received the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Independent Spirit Award nomination for her performance in Street Smart ( 1987 ) . Baker also has appeared in over 50 films , including Jacknife ( 1989 ) , Edward Scissorhands ( 1990 ) , The Cider House Rules ( 1999 ) , Cold Mountain ( 2003 ) , Nine Lives ( 2005 ) , The Jane Austen Book Club ( 2007 ) , Last Chance Harvey ( 2008 ) , Take Shelter ( 2011 ) , Saving Mr. Banks ( 2013 ) and The Age of Adaline ( 2015 ) . On television , Baker starred as Dr. Jill Brock in the CBS drama series , Picket Fences ( 1992-1996 ) , for which she received three Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . She later received three additional nominations and a Primetime Emmy Award for her performances in Touched by an Angel , Boston Public and Door to Door .
Archibald Gracie Mansion ( commonly called Gracie Mansion ) is the official residence of the Mayor of the City of New York . Built in 1799 , it is located in Carl Schurz Park , at East End Avenue and 88th Street in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan . The mansion overlooks Hell Gate channel in the East River .