List of ambassadors of the United States to Russia
List of ambassadors -- Russian Empire ( 1780–1917 )
Table:
Name

State

Appointment

Presentation

Termination

Notes

Francis Dana

Massachusetts

December 19, 1780

September 1783

Proceeded to post, but was not officially received at court.

William Short

Virginia

September 8, 1808

Commissioned during a recess of the Senate. Did not proceed to post, his nomination having been rejected by the Senate while he was en route.

John Quincy Adams

Massachusetts

June 27, 1809

November 5, 1809

April 28, 1814

Nomination of March 6, 1809 rejected by the Senate; nomination of June 26, 1809 confirmed.

James A. Bayard

Delaware

February 28, 1815

Did not proceed to post.

William Pinkney

Maryland

March 7, 1816

January 13, 1817

February 14, 1818

George Washington Campbell

Tennessee

April 16, 1818

February 7, 1819

July 8, 1820

Henry Middleton

South Carolina

April 6, 1820

June 17, 1821

August 3, 1830

John Randolph

Virginia

May 26, 1830

September 19, 1830

Proceeded to post, but did not present credentials.

James Buchanan

Pennsylvania

January 4, 1832

June 11, 1832

August 5, 1833

Mahlon Dickerson

New Jersey

May 28, 1834

Declined appointment.

William Wilkins

Pennsylvania

June 30, 1834

December 14, 1834

December 24, 1835

John Randolph Clay

Pennsylvania

June 29, 1836

September 2, 1836

August 5, 1837

George M. Dallas

Pennsylvania

March 7, 1837

August 6, 1837

July 29, 1839

Churchill C. Cambreleng

New York

May 25, 1840

September 21, 1840

July 13, 1841

Commissioned not of record; letter of credence issued on May 25, 1840.

Charles Stewart Todd

Kentucky

August 27, 1841

November 28, 1841

January 27, 1846

Ralph I. Ingersoll

Connecticut

August 8, 1846

May 30, 1847

July 1, 1848

Arthur P. Bagby

Alabama

June 15, 1848

January 14, 1849

May 14, 1849

Neill S. Brown

Tennessee

May 2, 1850

August 13, 1850

June 23, 1853

Thomas H. Seymour

Connecticut

May 24, 1853

April 2, 1854

July 17, 1858

Commissioned during a recess of the Senate; recommissioned after confirmation on December 6, 1853.

Francis W. Pickens

South Carolina

January 11, 1858

July 18, 1858

September 9, 1860

With reference to the given table plus the textual context provided.

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Francis Dana ( June 13 , 1743 - April 25 , 1811 ) was an American lawyer , jurist , and statesman from Massachusetts . He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1777-1778 and 1784 . He signed the Articles of Confederation . His wife Elizabeth was a daughter of Ann Remington and William Ellery , a signer of the Declaration of Independence . He was also the father-in-law of Washington Allston , a noted painter and poet .
Massachusetts ( /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/ ( listen ) , /-zɪts/ ) , officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It borders on the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The capital of Massachusetts is Boston , which is also the most populous city in New England . It is home to the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts 's economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the second colony in New England after Popham Colony in 1607 in what is now Maine . Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention .
William Short ( 1759-1849 ) was an American diplomat during the early years of the United States . He served as Thomas Jefferson 's private secretary when the latter was a peace commissioner in France , and remained in Europe to take on several other diplomatic posts . Jefferson , later the third President of the United States , was a lifelong mentor and friend . In a 1789 letter , Jefferson referred to Short as his adoptive son . Short was an early member and president ( 1778-1781 ) of Phi Beta Kappa at the College of William & Mary and was elected to Virginia 's Executive Council from 1783 to 1784 . After serving as the U.S. 's chargé d'affaires in France during the French Revolution ( 1789-92 ) . In 1792 he was appointed as America 's Minister to the Netherlands , and from 1794 to 1795 he served as a treaty commissioner to Spain . Although his diplomatic career was not as celebrated or long as Short may have wished , and his love affair with a French noblewoman ended with her marrying another man , Short was a successful businessman and an opponent of slavery who died very wealthy in America .
Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World .
John Quincy Adams ( /ˈkwɪnzi/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] July 11 , 1767 - February 23 , 1848 ) was an American statesman , diplomat , lawyer , and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829 . He previously served as the eighth United States Secretary of State from 1817 to 1825 . During his long diplomatic and political career , Adams also served as an ambassador , and as a member of the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives representing Massachusetts . He was the eldest son of John Adams , who served as the second US president from 1797 to 1801 , and First Lady Abigail Adams . Initially a Federalist like his father , he won election to the presidency as a member of the Democratic-Republican Party , and in the mid-1830s became affiliated with the Whig Party . Born in Braintree , Massachusetts , Adams spent much of his youth in Europe , where his father served as a diplomat . After returning to the United States , Adams established a successful legal practice in Boston . In 1794 , President George Washington appointed Adams as the U.S. ambassador to the Netherlands , and Adams would serve in high-ranking diplomatic posts until 1801 , when Thomas Jefferson took office as president . Federalist leaders in Massachusetts arranged for Adams 's election to the United States Senate in 1802 , but Adams broke with the Federalist Party over foreign policy and was denied re-election . In 1809 , Adams was appointed as the U.S. ambassador to Russia by President James Madison , a member of the Democratic-Republican Party . Adams held diplomatic posts for the duration of Madison 's presidency , and he served as part of the American delegation that negotiated an end to the War of 1812 . In 1817 , newly-elected President James Monroe selected Adams as his Secretary of State .
James Asheton Bayard Sr. ( July 28 , 1767 - August 6 , 1815 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , who served as U.S. Representative from Delaware and U.S . Senator from Delaware .
Delaware ( /ˈdɛləwɛər/ ( listen ) ) is one of the 50 states of the United States , in the Mid Atlantic region . [ a ] It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland , north by Pennsylvania , and east by New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean . The state takes its name from Thomas West , 3rd Baron De La Warr , an English nobleman and Virginia 's first colonial governor . Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and some islands and territory within the Delaware River . It is the second smallest and sixth least populous state , but the sixth most densely populated . Delaware 's largest city is Wilmington . The state is divided into three counties , the lowest number of any state . From north to south , they are New Castle County , Kent County , and Sussex County . While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural , New Castle County is more urbanized . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south . It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael , near the present town of Lewes , in 1631 . Delaware was one of the 13 colonies participating in the American Revolution .
William Pinkney ( March 17 , 1764 - February 25 , 1822 ) was an American statesman and diplomat , and was appointed the seventh U.S. Attorney General by President James Madison .
Maryland ( US : /ˈmɛrələnd/ ( listen ) MERR-ə-lənd ) [ a ] is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States , bordering Virginia , West Virginia , and the District of Columbia to its south and west ; Pennsylvania to its north ; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east . The state 's largest city is Baltimore , and its capital is Annapolis . Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State , the Free State , and the Chesapeake Bay State . It is named after the English queen Henrietta Maria , known in England as Queen Mary , who was the wife of King Charles I. Sixteen of Maryland 's twenty-three counties , as well as the city of Baltimore , border the tidal waters of the Chesapeake Bay estuary and its many tributaries , which combined total more than 4,000 miles of shoreline . Although one of the smallest states in the U.S. , it features a variety of climates and topographical features that have earned it the moniker of America in Miniature . In a similar vein , Maryland 's geography , culture , and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic , Northeastern , and South Atlantic regions of the country . Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century , Maryland was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans , mostly by the Algonquin , and to a lesser degree by the Iroquois and Sioux . As one of the original Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain , Maryland was founded by George Calvert , a Catholic convert who sought to provide a religious haven for Catholics persecuted in England . In 1632 , Charles I of England granted Calvert a colonial charter , naming the colony after his wife , Queen Mary ( Henrietta Maria of France ) . Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans , who rejected Catholicism in their settlements , Calvert envisioned a colony where people of different religious sects would coexist under the principle of toleration . Accordingly , in 1649 the Maryland General Assembly passed an Act Concerning Religion , which enshrined this principle by penalizing anyone who reproached a fellow Marylander based on religious affiliation . Nevertheless , religious strife was common in the early years , and Catholics remained a minority , albeit in greater numbers than in any other English colony .
George Washington Campbell ( February 9 , 1769 - February 17 , 1848 ) was an American statesman who served as a U.S. Representative , Senator , Tennessee Supreme Court Justice , U.S . Ambassador to Russia and the 5th United States Secretary of the Treasury from February to October 1814 .
Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined .
Henry Middleton ( September 28 , 1770 - June 14 , 1846 ) was an American planter and political leader from Charleston , South Carolina . He was the 43rd Governor of South Carolina ( 1810-1812 ) , represented South Carolina in the U. S. Congress ( 1815-1819 ) . He served as Minister to Russia ( 1820-1830 ) , being sent there in the first instance to replace George Washington Campbell so as to look after slave-owners ' interests in the discussions preparatory to arbitration by Czar Alexander I on the question of compensation under Article 1 of the Treaty of Ghent as regards enslaved Americans who went away with British during and after the War of 1812 . His father ( Arthur Middleton ) and his grandfather ( Henry Middleton ) had both served in the Continental Congress . Son - Williams Middleton . He had 14 children with wife Mary Helen Hering . 10 of their children lived into adulthood , including his youngest son Edward Middleton . His summer home at Greenville from 1813-1820 , known as Whitehall , was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1969 . He and his family also spent some of their summer in Newport , RI staying at Stone Villa ( demolished in 1957 ) .
South Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Southeastern United States and the easternmost of the Deep South . It is bordered to the north by North Carolina , to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the southwest by Georgia across the Savannah River . South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20 , 1860 . After the American Civil War , it was readmitted into the United States on June 25 , 1868 . South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state . Its GDP as of 2013 was $ 183.6 billion , with an annual growth rate of 3.13% . South Carolina is composed of 46 counties . The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,451 in 2018 ; while its largest city is Charleston with a 2018 population of 136,208 . The Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin metropolitan area is the largest in the state , with a 2018 population estimate of 906,626 . South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England , who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles .
John Randolph ( June 2 , 1773 - May 24 , 1833 ) , known as John Randolph of Roanoke , [ note 1 ] was a planter and a Congressman from Virginia , serving in the House of Representatives at various times between 1799 and 1833 , and the Senate from 1825 to 1827 . He was also Minister to Russia under Andrew Jackson in 1830 . After serving as President Thomas Jefferson 's spokesman in the House , he broke with the president in 1805 as a result of what he saw as the dilution of traditional Jeffersonian principles as well as perceived mistreatment during the impeachment of Samuel Chase , in which Randolph served as chief prosecutor . Following this split , Randolph proclaimed himself the leader of the Old Republicans or Tertium Quids , a wing of the Democratic-Republican Party who wanted to restrict the role of the federal government . Specifically , Randolph promoted the Principles of '98 , which said that individual states could judge the constitutionality of central government laws and decrees , and could refuse to enforce laws deemed unconstitutional . A quick-thinking orator with a remarkable wit , he was committed to republicanism and advocated a commercial agrarian society throughout his three decades in Congress . Randolph 's conservative stance , displayed in his arguments against debt and for the rights of the landed gentry , have been attributed to his ties to his family estate and the elitist values of his native Southside Virginia [ citation needed ] . His belief in the importance of a landed gentry led him to oppose the abolition of entail and primogeniture : The old families of Virginia will form connections with low people , and sink into the mass of overseers ' sons and daughters . Randolph vehemently opposed the War of 1812 and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 ; he was active in debates about tariffs , manufacturing , and currency . With mixed feelings about slavery , he was one of the founders of the American Colonization Society in 1816 , to send free blacks to a colony in Africa . At the same time , he believed that slavery was a necessity in Virginia , saying , The question of slavery , as it is called , is to us a question of life and death . You will find no instance in history where two distinct races have occupied the soil except in the relation of master and slave .
James Buchanan Jr. ( /bjuːˈkænən/ ; April 23 , 1791 - June 1 , 1868 ) served as the 15th president of the United States from 1857 to 1861 , serving directly prior to the American Civil War . A member of the Democratic Party for much of his career , Buchanan served as Secretary of State and represented Pennsylvania in both houses of the U.S. Congress before becoming President . Born in Cove Gap , Pennsylvania , Buchanan became a prominent lawyer and won election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a Federalist . In 1820 , he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives , aligning with Andrew Jackson 's Democratic Party . He served as Jackson 's Minister to Russia , then won election as a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania . In 1845 , he was appointed to serve as President James K. Polk 's Secretary of State . He was a major contender for his party 's presidential nomination throughout the 1840s and 1850s and was finally nominated in 1856 , defeating incumbent President Franklin Pierce and Senator Stephen A. Douglas at the 1856 Democratic National Convention . Buchanan and running mate John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky defeated Republican John C. Frémont and Know-Nothing Millard Fillmore to win the 1856 presidential election . President Buchanan supported the Dred Scott decision and joined with Southern leaders in attempting to admit Kansas to the Union as a slave state under the Lecompton Constitution . In the process , he angered Republicans and alienated many Northern Democrats . Buchanan held to his pledge to serve only one term and supported Breckinridge 's unsuccessful candidacy in the 1860 presidential election . Several Southern states seceded from the U.S. after Republican Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 election , and the American Civil War began just weeks after Buchanan left office .
Pennsylvania ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪniə/ ( listen ) PEN-səl-VAY-nee-ə ) , officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a state located in the Northeastern , Great Lakes , Appalachian , and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States . The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle . The Commonwealth is bordered by Delaware to the southeast , Maryland to the south , West Virginia to the southwest , Ohio to the west , Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest , New York to the north , and New Jersey to the east . Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest state by area , and the 5th-most populous state according to the most recent official U.S. Census count in 2010 . It is the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 states . Pennsylvania 's two most populous cities are Philadelphia ( 1,580,863 ) , and Pittsburgh ( 302,407 ) . The state capital and its 10th-largest city is Harrisburg . Pennsylvania has 140 miles ( 225 km ) of waterfront along Lake Erie and the Delaware River . The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States ; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn , the son of the state 's namesake . Part of Pennsylvania ( along the Delaware River ) , together with the present State of Delaware , had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden . It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution , on December 12 , 1787 . Independence Hall , where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted , is located in the state 's largest city of Philadelphia .
Mahlon Dickerson ( April 17 , 1770 - October 5 , 1853 ) was a Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey , the 7th Governor of New Jersey , United States Senator from New Jersey , the 10th United States Secretary of the Navy and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey .
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States . It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York ; on the east , southeast , and south by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania ; and on the southwest by the Delaware Bay and the State of Delaware . New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state by area but the 11th-most populous , with 9 million residents as of 2017 and an area of 8,722.58 square miles , making it the most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , with its biggest city being Newark . New Jersey lies completely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia . New Jersey was the second-wealthiest U.S. state by median household income as of 2017 . New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years , with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast . In the early 17th century , the Dutch and the Swedes founded the first European settlements in the state . The English later seized control of the region , naming it the Province of New Jersey after the largest of the Channel Islands , Jersey , and granting it as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley , 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton . New Jersey was the site of several important battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century . In the 19th century , factories in the cities Camden , Paterson , Newark , Trenton , Jersey City , and Elizabeth ( known as the Big Six ) , helped drive the Industrial Revolution . New Jersey 's geographic location at the center of the Northeast megalopolis , between Boston and New York City to the northeast , and Philadelphia , Baltimore , and Washington , D.C. , to the southwest , fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century . At the turn of the 21st century , this suburbanization began reverting with the consolidation of New Jersey 's culturally diverse populace toward more urban settings within the state , with towns home to commuter rail stations outpacing the population growth of more automobile-oriented suburbs since 2008 .
William Wilkins ( December 20 , 1779 - June 23 , 1865 ) was a United States Representative and United States Senator from Pennsylvania , a member of both houses of the Pennsylvania General Assembly , a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania , United States Minister to Russia and the 19th United States Secretary of War .
John Randolph Clay ( September 29 , 1808 - August 15 , 1885 ) was an American diplomat .
George Mifflin Dallas ( July 10 , 1792 - December 31 , 1864 ) was an American politician and diplomat who served as mayor of Philadelphia from 1828 to 1829 and as the 11th vice president of the United States from 1845 to 1849 . The son of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas , George Dallas attended elite preparatory schools before embarking on a legal career . He served as the private secretary to Albert Gallatin and worked for the Treasury Department and the Second Bank of the United States . He emerged as a leader of the Family party faction of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party , and Dallas developed a rivalry with James Buchanan , the leader of the Amalgamator faction . Between 1828 and 1835 , he served as the mayor of Philadelphia , the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania , and the Pennsylvania Attorney General . He also represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1831 to 1833 but declined to seek re-election . President Martin Van Buren appointed Dallas to the post of Minister to Russia , and Dallas held that position from 1837 to 1839 . Dallas supported Van Buren 's bid for another term in the 1844 presidential election , but James K. Polk won the party 's presidential nomination . The 1844 Democratic National Convention nominated Dallas as Polk 's running mate , and Polk and Dallas defeated the Whig ticket in the general election . A supporter of expansion and popular sovereignty , Dallas called for the annexation of all of Mexico during the Mexican-American War . He sought to position himself for contention in the 1848 presidential election , but his vote to lower the tariff destroyed his base of support in his home state . Dallas served as the ambassador to Britain from 1856 to 1861 before retiring from public office .
Churchill Caldom Cambreleng ( October 24 , 1786 - April 30 , 1862 ) was an American businessman and politician from New York . He is notable for his service in the United States House of Representatives from 1821 to 1839 , including terms as chairman of several high profile committees . In addition , he served as U.S. Minister to Russia from 1840 to 1841 .
New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography .
Colonel Charles Stewart Todd ( January 22 , 1791 - May 17 , 1871 ) was an American military officer and government official . Charles Stewart Todd was the son of Supreme Court Associate Justice Thomas Todd and his first wife , Elizabeth Harris . He was born near Danville , Kentucky , and continued to reside here through his childhood and adult life . Todd briefly attended Transylvania University before his transfer and graduation at the College of William and Mary in 1809 . He briefly studied law with his father in Washington before attending Litchfield Law School . After his admission to the bar in 1811 , he started his practice in Lexington , KY . Shortly after , he volunteered in the war of 1812 where he was a subaltern and judge-advocate of General James Winchester 's division in the War of 1812 . In 1813 , he was made a captain of infantry , and was an aide to General William Henry Harrison in the Battle of the Thames . In March , 1815 , he was made Aide-de-Camp to Governor Isaac Shelby , with the rank of colonel . During this time , Todd established a legal practice in the Kentucky state capital of Frankfort , KY where his diplomatic and political career began to expand . On June 16 , 1816 he married the youngest of Isaac Shelbys daughters , Letitia , with whom he had 12 children . He served as a state representative in the years following his political establishment in Frankfort , and in 1817 , he was appointed Secretary of State of Kentucky .
Kentucky ( UK : /kɛnˈtʌki/ ken-TUK-ee , US : /kən-/ ( listen ) kən- ) , officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky , is a state located in the Southern United States . Although styled as the State of Kentucky in the law creating it , ( because in Kentucky 's first constitution , the term state was used ) , Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth ( the others being Virginia , Pennsylvania , and Massachusetts ) . Originally a part of Virginia , in 1792 Kentucky split from it and became the 15th state to join the Union . Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States . Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State , a nickname based on the bluegrass , a species of grass found in many of its pastures . One of the major regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky , which houses its two largest cities , Louisville and Lexington . It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources , including the world 's longest cave system , Mammoth Cave National Park , one of the greatest lengths of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States , and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River . Kentucky is also known for horse racing , bourbon , moonshine , coal , My Old Kentucky Home historic state park , automobile manufacturing , tobacco , bluegrass music , college basketball , Kentucky Fried Chicken , and the Kentucky colonel .
Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll ( February 8 , 1789 - August 26 , 1872 ) was a lawyer , politician , and diplomat who served as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives , where he was Speaker of the House , a United States Representative from Connecticut for four consecutive terms from 1825 to 1833 , and was the U.S. Minister to the Russian Empire under President James K. Polk in the late 1840s .
Connecticut ( /kəˈnɛtɪkət/ ( listen ) ) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . As of the 2010 Census , it has the highest per-capita income , Human Development Index ( 0.962 ) , and median household income in the United States . It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east , Massachusetts to the north , New York to the west , and Long Island Sound to the south . Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport . It is part of New England , although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the tri-state area . The state is named for the Connecticut River which approximately bisects the state . The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river . Connecticut 's first European settlers were Dutchmen who established a small , short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers . Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland , which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers , although the first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English . Thomas Hooker led a band of followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony ; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony . The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders , considered the first constitutions in America . In 1662 , the three colonies were merged under a royal charter , making Connecticut a crown colony .
Arthur Pendleton Bagby ( 1794 - September 21 , 1858 ) was the tenth Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama from 1837 to 1841 . Born in Louisa County , Virginia in 1794 , he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1819 , practicing in Claiborne , Alabama . He was a member of the Alabama State House of Representatives in 1821 , 1822 , 1824 , and 1834-1836 , serving as the youngest-ever speaker in 1822 and 1836 , and he served in the Alabama State Senate in 1825 . He served in the U.S. Senate from November 21 , 1841 , when he was elected to fill the vacancy caused by Clement C. Clay 's resignation , to June 16 , 1848 , when he resigned to become Minister to Russia from 1848 to 1849 . During his time in the Senate , he was chairman of the Committee on Territories , the Committee on Claims , and the Committee on Indian Affairs . As a Senator , he supported the annexation of Texas . Bagby died in 1858 in Mobile , Alabama , and he is interred in Magnolia Cemetery there .
Alabama ( /ˌæləˈbæmə/ ) is a state in the southeastern region of the United States . It is bordered by Tennessee to the north , Georgia to the east , Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south , and Mississippi to the west . Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states . With a total of 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) of inland waterways , Alabama has among the most of any state . Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State , after the state bird . Alabama is also known as the Heart of Dixie and the Cotton State . The state tree is the longleaf pine , and the state flower is the camellia . Alabama 's capital is Montgomery . The largest city by population is Birmingham , which has long been the most industrialized city ; the largest city by land area is Huntsville . The oldest city is Mobile , founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana . The Greater Birmingham metropolitan area is Alabama 's most populous urban area . From the American Civil War until World War II , Alabama , like many states in the southern U.S. , suffered economic hardship , in part because of its continued dependence on agriculture .
Neill Smith Brown ( April 18 , 1810 - January 30 , 1886 ) was an American politician and diplomat who served as Governor of Tennessee from 1847 to 1849 , and as the United States Minister to Russia from 1850 to 1853 . He also served several terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives , and was Speaker of the House for the 1855-1857 term . A lifelong Whig , Brown campaigned to keep Tennessee in the Union in the years leading up to the Civil War . However , once the war began , he sided with the Confederacy .
Thomas Hart Seymour ( September 29 , 1807 - September 3 , 1868 ) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the Democratic 36th Governor of Connecticut from 1850 to 1853 and as Minister to Russia from 1853 to 1858 . He was the leader of the peace settlement in the Democratic Party , and narrowly lost the April 1863 gubernatorial election .
Francis Wilkinson Pickens ( 1805/1807 - January 25 , 1869 ) was a political Democrat and Governor of South Carolina when that state became the first to secede from the United States . A cousin of US Senator John C. Calhoun , Pickens was born into the culture of the antebellum plantocracy . He became an ardent supporter of nullification of federal tariffs when he served in the South Carolina House of Representatives before he was elected to Congress and then the state senate . As state governor during the Fort Sumter crisis , he sanctioned the firing on the ship bringing supplies to the beleaguered Union garrison , and to the bombardment of the fort . After the war , it was Pickens who introduced the motion to repeal South Carolina 's Ordinance of Secession , a short speech received in silence , in notable contrast with the rejoicing that had first greeted the Ordinance .