List of the busiest airports in Canada
2013 -- Canada 's 20 busiest airports by aircraft movements
Table:
Rank
Airport[124]
Serves
Aircraft
Movements
Annual
change

1
Toronto Pearson International Airport
Greater Toronto Area
433,610
-0.5%

2
Vancouver International Airport
Metro Vancouver
301,725
0.6%

3
Calgary International Airport
Calgary
244,913
1.7%

4
Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
Greater Montreal
224,071
-3.4%

5
Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport
Ottawa
165,864
3.3%

6
Montréal/Saint-Hubert Airport
Greater Montreal
163,309
7.0%

7
Edmonton International Airport
Edmonton Capital Region
156,711
9.2%

8
Boundary Bay Airport
Greater Vancouver
145,596
-2.1%

9
Victoria International Airport
Victoria
142,590
3.9%

10
Calgary/Springbank Airport
Calgary
134,584
1.4%

11
Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport
Winnipeg
125,266
-4.8%

12
Buttonville Municipal Airport
Markham
122,386
-13.3%

13
Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
Quebec City
118,265
-13.0%

14
Abbotsford International Airport
Abbotsford
114,528
5.3%

15
Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport
Toronto
114,428
-0.1%

16
Region of Waterloo International Airport
Regional Municipality of Waterloo
106,808
3.2%

17
St. Andrews Airport
Winnipeg
99,569
8.5%

18
Thunder Bay International Airport
Thunder Bay
97,889
-10.5%

19
Fredericton International Airport
Fredericton
92,936
9.9%

20
Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker International Airport
Saskatoon
91,893
0.9%

Taking into account the table as well as the supplementary paragraphs provided at the end.

State the answer to the question: Which province is the airport with the largest annual growth located in ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Lester B. Pearson International Airport ( IATA : YYZ , ICAO : CYYZ ) , branded as Toronto Pearson International Airport ( simply known as Toronto Pearson , Pearson Airport or Pearson ) , is the primary international airport serving Toronto , its metropolitan area , and its surrounding region known as the Golden Horseshoe . It is the largest and busiest airport in Canada , the second-busiest international air passenger gateway in the Americas , and the 30th-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic , handling 49.5 million passengers in 2018 . The airport is named in honour of Lester B. Pearson , Nobel Peace Prize laureate and 14th Prime Minister of Canada . Toronto Pearson is located 22.5 kilometres ( 14.0 mi ) northwest of Downtown Toronto with the majority of the airport situated in the city of Mississauga and a small portion of the airfield extending into Toronto 's western district of Etobicoke . It features five runways and two passenger terminals along with numerous cargo and maintenance facilities on a site that covers 1,867 hectares ( 4,613 acres ) . Pearson Airport is the primary hub for Air Canada . It also serves as a hub for WestJet , cargo airline FedEx Express , and as a base of operations for Air Transat and Sunwing Airlines . Pearson is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority ( GTAA ) as part of Transport Canada 's National Airports System , and is the largest airport in the world with facilities for United States border preclearance . An extensive network of non-stop domestic flights is operated from Toronto Pearson by several airlines to all major and many secondary cities across all provinces of Canada . As of 2019 , over 75 airlines operate around 1,250 daily departures from the airport to more than 180 destinations across all six of the world 's inhabited continents .
The Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada . It consists of the central city , Toronto , along with 25 surrounding suburbs , distributed among four regional municipalities : Durham , Halton , Peel , and York . The southwestern periphery of the Greater Toronto Area begins in Burlington , and extends along Lake Ontario past Downtown Toronto to Clarington , the eastern end . The northern periphery is made up of several municipalities , although Brock is the northernmost . The Greater Toronto Area combined with the city of Hamilton , located west of Halton Region , forms the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ( GTHA ) . The Greater Toronto Area anchors a much larger urban agglomeration known as the Golden Horseshoe . According to the 2016 census , the Greater Toronto Area has a population of 6,417,516 .
Vancouver International Airport ( IATA : YVR , ICAO : CYVR ) is an international airport in Richmond , British Columbia . It is the primary international airport serving Vancouver , about 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) from Downtown Vancouver . It is the second busiest airport in Canada by aircraft movements ( 306,799 ) and passengers ( 25.9 million ) , behind Toronto Pearson International Airport . It is often described as a trans-Pacific hub , with more direct flights to China than any other airport in North America or Europe . It is a hub for Air Canada and WestJet , and an operating base for Air Transat . Vancouver International Airport is one of eight Canadian airports that have US Border Preclearance facilities . It is also one of the few major international airports to have a terminal for scheduled floatplanes . The airport has won several notable international best airport awards . It won the Skytrax Best North American Airport award in 2007 and 2010 through 2019 , for a record 10 consecutive years . The airport also made the list of top 10 airports in the world for the first time in 2012 , rated at 9th ( 2012 ) , 8th ( 2013 ) , and 9th ( 2014 ) overall . It is the only North American airport included in the top 10 for 2013 and 2014 . YVR also retains the distinction of Best Canadian Airport in the regional results .
Metro Vancouver is a political body and corporate entity designated by provincial legislation as one of the regional districts in British Columbia , Canada . The official legal name is the Metro Vancouver Regional District ( MVRD ) . The organization was known as the Regional District of Fraser-Burrard for nearly one year upon incorporating in 1967 , and as the Greater Vancouver Regional District ( GVRD ) from 1968 to 2017 . The MVRD is under the direction of 23 local authorities ; it delivers regional services , sets policy and acts as a political forum . The regional district 's most populous city is Vancouver , and Metro Vancouver 's administrative offices are located in the City of Burnaby . The MVRD 's boundaries match those of the Vancouver census metropolitan area ( CMA ) as identified by Statistics Canada .
Calgary International Airport ( IATA : YYC , ICAO : CYYC ) , branded as YYC Calgary International Airport , is an international airport that serves the city of Calgary , Alberta , Canada . It is located approximately 17 km ( 11 mi ) northeast of downtown and covers an area of 21.36 km2 ( 8.25 sq mi ) . With 17.34 million passengers and 244,027 aircraft movements in 2017 , Calgary International is the busiest airport in Alberta and the fourth-busiest in Canada by both measures . The region 's petroleum and tourism industries have helped foster growth at the airport , which has nonstop flights to an array of destinations in North and Central America , Europe , and Asia . Calgary serves as the headquarters for WestJet and is a hub for Air Canada . Built in the late 1930s , the site has since grown to house four runways , two terminal buildings with 5 concourses for passengers , warehouses for cargo handling , and other infrastructure . The Calgary Airport Authority operates the property while paying rent to the federal government . Close to the airport is the Deerfoot Trail freeway for transport into the city , and public transit also serves the airport .
Calgary ( /ˈkælɡri/ ( listen ) ) is a city in the western Canadian province of Alberta . It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province , in an area of foothills and prairie , about 80 km ( 50 mi ) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies , roughly 299 km ( 186 mi ) south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and approximately 240 km ( 150 mi ) north of the Canada-United States border . The city anchors the south end of the Statistics Canada-defined urban area , the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The city had a population of 1,285,711 in 2019 , making it Alberta 's largest city . It is the third-largest municipality in Canada ( after Toronto and Montreal ) , and the largest in western Canada . Also in 2016 , Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609 , making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada and second-largest in western Canada . Calgary 's economy includes activity in the energy , financial services , film and television , transportation and logistics , technology , manufacturing , aerospace , health and wellness , retail , and tourism sectors . The Calgary CMA is home to Canada 's second-highest number of corporate head offices among the country 's 800 largest corporations . In 2015 Calgary had the highest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city . In 1988 it became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games . The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Calgary the most livable city in North America in both 2018 and 2019 . Calgary has been a top 5 contender for this title for the last 10 years .
Montréal-Trudeau International Airport ( IATA : YUL , ICAO : CYUL ) ( French : Aéroport International Montréal-Trudeau ) or Montréal-Trudeau , formerly known as Montréal-Dorval International Airport ( Aéroport international Montréal-Dorval ) , is an international airport in Dorval , Quebec . It is the primary international airport serving Montreal , 20 km ( 12 mi ) from Downtown Montreal . The airport terminals are located entirely in the suburb of Dorval , while one runway is located in the Montreal borough of Saint-Laurent . Air Canada , the country 's flag carrier , also has its corporate headquarters complex on the Saint-Laurent side of the airport . It also serves Greater Montreal and adjacent regions in Quebec and eastern Ontario , as well as the states of Vermont and northern New York in the United States . The airport is named in honour of Pierre Elliott Trudeau , the 15th Prime Minister of Canada and father of current Prime Minister Justin Trudeau . The airport is one of two managed and operated by Aéroports de Montréal ( ADM ) , a not-for-profit corporation without share capital ; the other being Montréal-Mirabel northwest of Montreal , which was initially intended to replace the one in Dorval but now deals almost solely with cargo . Montréal-Trudeau is owned by Transport Canada which has a 60-year lease with Aéroports de Montréal , as per Canada 's National Airport Policy of 1994 . Trudeau is the busiest airport in the province of Quebec and the third-busiest airport in Canada by both passenger traffic and aircraft movements , with 20.3 million passengers and 236,908 movements in 2019 . It is one of eight Canadian airports with United States border preclearance and is one of the main gateways into Canada with 13.1 million or 65% of its passengers being on non-domestic flights , the highest proportion amongst Canada 's airports during 2018 . It is one of four Air Canada hubs and , in that capacity , serves mainly Quebec , the Atlantic Provinces and Eastern Ontario . On an average day , 53,000 passengers transit through Montréal-Trudeau .
Greater Montreal is the most populous metropolitan area in Quebec , and the second most populous in Canada after Greater Toronto . In 2015 , Statistics Canada identified Montreal 's Census Metropolitan Area ( CMA ) as 4,258.31 square kilometres ( 1,644.14 sq mi ) with a population of 4,027,100 . A smaller area of 3,838 square kilometres ( 1,482 sq mi ) is governed by the Montreal Metropolitan Community ( MMC ) ( French : Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal , CMM ) . This level of government is headed by a president ( currently Montreal mayor Valérie Plante ) . The inner ring is composed of densely populated municipalities located in close proximity to Downtown Montreal . It includes the entire Island of Montreal , Laval , and the Urban Agglomeration of Longueuil . The outer ring is composed of low-density municipalities located on the fringe of Metropolitan Montreal . Most of these cities and towns are semi-rural . Specifically , the term off-island suburbs refers to those suburbs that are located on the North Shore of the Mille-Îles River , those on the South Shore that were never included in the megacity of Longueuil , and those on the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Peninsula . Communities in that area are also informally referred to as the 450 , after the telephone area code that has served the region since 1998 . Due to their proximity to Montreal 's downtown core , some suburbs on the South Shore ( Longueuil , Brossard , Saint-Lambert , and Boucherville ) are usually not included in the off-island suburbs even though they are on the mainland .
Ottawa/Macdonald-Cartier International Airport or Macdonald-Cartier International Airport ( L'aéroport international Macdonald-Cartier in French ) , ( IATA : YOW , ICAO : CYOW ) in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada is an international airport named after the Canadian statesmen and two of the founding fathers of Canada , Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George-Étienne Cartier . Located in the south end of the city , 5.5 nautical miles ( 10.2 km ; 6.3 mi ) south of downtown Ottawa , it is Canada 's sixth-busiest airport , Ontario 's second-busiest airport by airline passenger traffic , and Canada 's sixth-busiest by aircraft movements , with 5,110,801 passengers and 150,815 aircraft movements in 2018 . The airport was the home base for First Air . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada , and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency . The airport is one of eight Canadian airports that have United States border preclearance facilities . The airport used to be a military base known as CFB Ottawa South/CFB Uplands . Although it is no longer a Canadian Forces Base , it is still home to the Royal Canadian Air Force 's 412 Transport Squadron , which provides air transport for Canadian and foreign government officials .
Ottawa ( /ˈɒtəwə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɒtəwɑː/ ; French pronunciation : ​ [ ɔtawa ] ) is the capital city of Canada . It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario . Ottawa borders Gatineau , Quebec ; the two form the core of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area ( CMA ) and the National Capital Region ( NCR ) . As of 2016 , Ottawa had a city population of 934,243 and a metropolitan population of 1,323,783 making it the fourth-largest city and the fifth-largest CMA in Canada . In June 2019 , the City of Ottawa estimated it had surpassed a population of a million . Founded in 1826 as Bytown , and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855 , the city has evolved into the political centre of Canada . Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous annexations and were ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area . The city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River , the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa , meaning to trade . Ottawa has the most educated population among Canadian cities and is home to a number of post-secondary , research , and cultural institutions , including the National Arts Centre , the National Gallery , and numerous national museums .
Montréal Saint-Hubert Longueuil Airport ( IATA : YHU , ICAO : CYHU ) ( French : Aéroport Montréal Saint-Hubert Longueuil ) , also called Montréal/Saint-Hubert Airport , is located in the Saint-Hubert borough of Longueuil , Quebec . The airport is located 16 km ( 9.9 mi ) east of Downtown Montreal . As of 2017 , it is ranked as Canada 's 15th busiest airport by aircraft movements . This airport mainly serves travellers to Quebec destinations . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) on a call-out basis from the Mirabel Airport . CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only , with no more than 15 passengers .
Edmonton International Airport ( IATA : YEG , ICAO : CYEG ) is the primary air passenger and air cargo facility in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region of the Canadian province of Alberta . Operated by Edmonton Airports , it is located 14 nautical miles ( 26 km ; 16 mi ) south southwest of Downtown Edmonton in Leduc County on Highway 2 opposite of the city of Leduc . The airport offers scheduled non-stop flights to major cities in Canada , the United States , Mexico , the Caribbean , Central America and Europe . It is a hub facility for Northern Alberta and Northern Canada . The airport has a catchment area encompassing Central and Northern Alberta , northern British Columbia , and Yukon , the Northwest Territories and western Nunavut . Total catchment area is 1.8 million residents . It is Canada 's largest major airport by total land area , the 5th busiest airport by passenger traffic and 9th busiest by aircraft movements . It served 8,254,121 passengers in 2018 .
The Edmonton Metropolitan Region ( EMR ) , also commonly referred to as the Alberta Capital Region , Greater Edmonton or Metro Edmonton , is a conglomeration of municipalities centred on Alberta 's provincial capital of Edmonton . The EMR 's commonly known boundaries are coincident with those of the Edmonton census metropolitan area ( CMA ) as delineated by Statistics Canada . However , its boundaries are defined differently for Edmonton Metropolitan Region Board administrative purposes . The EMR is considered a major gateway to northern Alberta and the Canadian North , particularly for many companies , including airlines and oil/natural gas exploration . Located within central Alberta and at the northern end of the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor , the EMR is the northernmost metropolitan area in Canada .
Boundary Bay Airport or Vancouver/Boundary Bay Airport ( IATA : YDT , ICAO : CZBB ) is located beside Boundary Bay and 2.5 nautical miles ( 4.6 km ; 2.9 mi ) east of Ladner in Delta , British Columbia , Canada , 8.5 NM ( 15.7 km ; 9.8 mi ) south southeast of Vancouver and close to the Canada-U.S. border . The airport , which opened July 11 , 1983 , serves mostly general aviation and includes facilities for aircraft maintenance , flight training , parking , and air traffic control training . Boundary Bay is Canada 's fifth busiest airport by total aircraft movements , and the country 's busiest general aviation airport . It is the location of the former Canadian Forces Station Ladner . In December 2004 , Boundary Bay Airport was acquired by Alpha Aviation . In April 2008 , Alpha Aviation established a fixed-base operation ( FBO ) and Alpha Executive Air began operating regularly scheduled flights twice daily between Boundary Bay Airport and Victoria International Airport on Vancouver Island , as well as charter service using turbine pressurized aircraft . Many smaller airlines use Boundary Bay Airport 's maintenance facilities . As of 2010 , Alpha Executive Air ceased operations but Boundary Bay Air Services - Vancouver FBO is open serving business , corporate , and general aviation customers . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers are available on call to handle entry for general aviation aircraft carrying no more than 15 passengers .
Greater Vancouver , also known as Metro Vancouver , is the metropolitan area with its major urban centre being the city of Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . The term Greater Vancouver is roughly coterminous with the geographic area governed by the Metro Vancouver Regional District , though it predates the 1966 creation of the regional district . It is often used to include areas beyond the boundaries of the regional district but does not generally include wilderness and agricultural areas within that regional district . Usage of the term Greater Vancouver is not consistent . In local use it tends to refer to urban and suburban areas only , and does not include parts of the regional district such as Bowen Island , although industries such as the film industry even include Squamish , Whistler and Hope as being in the Vancouver area or in Greater Vancouver . The business community often includes adjoining towns and cities such as Mission , Chilliwack , Abbotsford and Squamish within their use of the term Greater Vancouver , though since the creation of the term Metro Vancouver , that has come to be used in the media interchangeably with the name of the region and/or regional district . As a geographic region , Greater Vancouver is part of the Lower Mainland , one of British Columbia 's three main geospatial/cultural divisions , and overlaps with the Lower Fraser Valley , with the Central and Upper Fraser Valley areas to the east being in the Fraser Valley Regional District , which was created from two others upon the expansion of the Greater Vancouver Regional District to include Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows . Other forms of regional governance and administration whose jurisdiction Greater Vancouver is in are the North Vancouver and Coquitlam Forests Districts , and the Ministry of Environment 's Lower Mainland Region ( which includes the Sunshine Coast , the Fraser Health Authority and the New Westminster Land District , among others ) .
Victoria International Airport ( IATA : YYJ , ICAO : CYYJ ) serves Victoria , British Columbia , Canada . It is 12 nautical miles ( 22 km ; 14 mi ) north northwest of Victoria on the Saanich Peninsula , with the bulk of the airport ( including the passenger terminal ) in North Saanich , and a small portion of the airfield extending into Sidney . The airport is run by the Victoria Airport Authority . YYJ has many nonstop daily flights to Vancouver International Airport ( YVR , about 15 minutes ) , which is a major airport serving many global routes . Additionally , Victoria International has nonstop service to Seattle ( SEA ) , Toronto ( YYZ ) , Montreal ( YUL , summer only ) , Calgary ( YYC ) , Edmonton ( YEG ) , and several smaller cities in British Columbia and Yukon . The airport also has seasonal ( late fall to early spring ) nonstop service to several Mexican resort destinations . Non-stop service between Victoria and the United States will decrease by 50% beginning in September 2019 when Delta Airlines permanently ends its three daily flights , after which only Alaska Airlines will fly the Victoria - Seattle route . Victoria International Airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft with no more than 450 passengers , when unloaded from the aircraft in stages , or 120 normally . YYJ does not have United States customs and border preclearance , however many passengers fly first to Vancouver International Airport ( YVR ) , which does have U.S. preclearance . In 2018 , YYJ served 2,048,627 passengers and had 120,936 aircraft movements , making it Canada 's 11th busiest airport in terms of passengers . It was British Columbia 's third busiest airport in terms of passengers and aircraft movements .
Victoria ( Saanich : METULIYE mətúliyə ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia , located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada 's Pacific coast . The city has a population of 85,792 , and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770 . Victoria is the 7th most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 people per square kilometre , which is a greater population density than Toronto . Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada , and is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from British Columbia 's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland . The city is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from Seattle by airplane , ferry , or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily , year round between Seattle and Victoria , and 40 km ( 25 mi ) from Port Angeles , Washington , by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and , at the time , British North America , Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest , with British settlement beginning in 1843 . The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings , in particular its two most famous landmarks , Parliament Buildings ( finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia ) and the Empress hotel ( opened in 1908 ) . The city 's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco 's . The region 's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement , possibly several thousand years earlier , which had large populations at the time of European exploration . Known as The Garden City , Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a regional technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry . Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life , according to Numbeo . The city has a large non-local student population [ citation needed ] , who come to attend the Victoria College of Art , the Canadian College of Performing Arts , and high school programs run by the region 's three school districts .
Calgary/Springbank Airport or Springbank Airport , ( IATA : YBW , ICAO : CYBW ) is an airport located in Springbank , Alberta , a large western suburb of Calgary , Alberta , Canada . The airport is located within rural Rocky View County . Springbank Airport acts as a general aviation reliever for Calgary 's main airport , Calgary International , and was the 6th busiest airport in Canada by total aircraft movements in 2016 . In 2006 , runway 16/34 , now 17/35 , was lengthened from 3,000 to 5,000 ft ( 914 to 1,524 m ) to better support larger airplanes . Due to its nature and location , Springbank is the base of operations for many flight training schools , providing flight training services for the greater Calgary area . It is home to the Calgary Flying Club , Fly Right , the Mount Royal University Aviation Diploma program , Springbank Aero Flight Training Institute , and the Springbank Air Training College , among others . These operators provide various degrees of flight training , from Private Pilot to Commercial licences , and various licence ratings such as IFR , Multi-Engine , and Night . It also provides flight training for Helicopter licensing , and offers many specialty programs , such as Mountain Flying instruction/concurrency programs . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle general aviation aircraft only , with no more than 15 passengers . This airport is also a base for aerial firefighting aircraft . A tanker base was constructed by Alberta Sustainable Resource Development ( ASRD ) and Conair operates a fleet of aircraft out of this base during the wild fire season .
Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport ( commonly known as Winnipeg International Airport or simply Winnipeg Airport ) ( IATA : YWG , ICAO : CYWG ) is an international airport located in Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada . It is the seventh busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic , serving 4,484,343 passengers in 2018 , and the 11th busiest airport by aircraft movements . It is a hub for passenger airlines Calm Air , Perimeter Airlines , Flair Airlines , and cargo airline Cargojet . It is also a focus city for WestJet . The airport is co-located with Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg . An important transportation hub for the province of Manitoba , Winnipeg International Airport is the only commercial international airport within the province as the other airports of entry serve domestic flights and general aviation only . The airport is operated by the Winnipeg Airport Authority as part of Transport Canada 's National Airports System and is one of eight Canadian airports that has US Border Pre-clearance facilities . Winnipeg 's distance to other major population centres makes Winnipeg International Airport the primary airport for a large area including parts of neighbouring provinces and territories ( Saskatchewan , Nunavut , etc. ) . Daily non-stop flights are operated from Winnipeg International Airport to destinations across Canada as well as to the United States , Mexico , and the Caribbean . In addition , regularly scheduled flights to numerous small remote communities in Northern Manitoba , Northwestern Ontario , and Nunavut , are also served from the airport .
Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) .
Buttonville Municipal Airport or Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport ( IATA : YKZ , ICAO : CYKZ ) is a medium-sized airport in the neighbourhood of Buttonville in Markham , Ontario , Canada , 29 km ( 18 mi ) north of downtown Toronto . It is operated by Torontair . Due to its proximity to Toronto 's suburbs , there are several strict noise-reduction procedures for aircraft using the airport , which is open and staffed 24 hours a day , 365 days a year . In 2014 , Buttonville was Canada 's 20th busiest airport by aircraft movements . There is also a weather station located at the airport . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is serviced by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) on a call-out basis from Oshawa Executive Airport during weekdays and Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport during weekends . CBSA officers at this airport handle general aviation aircraft only , with no more than 15 passengers .
Markham ( /ˈmɑːrkəm/ ) is a city in the Regional Municipality of York in Southern Ontario , Canada . It is approximately 30 km ( 19 mi ) northeast of Downtown Toronto . In the 2016 Census , Markham had a population of 328,940 , which ranked it the largest in York Region , fourth largest in the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , and 16th largest in Canada . The city gained its name from the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada , John Graves Simcoe ( in office 1791-1796 ) , who named the area after his friend , William Markham , the Archbishop of York from 1776 to 1807 . The first European settlement in Markham occurred when William Berczy , a German artist and developer , led a group of approximately sixty-four German families to North America . While they planned to settle in New York , disputes over finances and land tenure led Berczy to negotiate with Simcoe for 64,000 acres ( 260 km2 ) in Markham Township in 1794 . Since the 1970s , Markham rapidly shifted from being an agricultural community to an industrialized municipality due to urban sprawl from neighbouring Toronto . Markham changed its status from town to city on July 1 , 2012 . As of 2013 [ update ] tertiary industry mainly drives Markham . As of 2010 [ update ] , business services employed the largest proportion of workers in Markham - nearly 22% of its labour force . The city also has over 1,000 technology and life-sciences companies , with IBM as the city 's largest employer . Several multinational companies have their Canadian headquarters in Markham , including : Honda Canada , Hyundai , Advanced Micro Devices , Johnson & Johnson , Avaya , IBM , Motorola , Oracle , Toshiba , Toyota Financial Services , Huawei , Honeywell and Scholastic Canada .
Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport , also known as Jean Lesage International Airport ( French : Aéroport international Jean-Lesage de Québec , or Aéroport de Québec ) ( IATA : YQB , ICAO : CYQB ) is the primary airport serving the Canadian city of Québec . Located 6 nautical miles ( 11 km ; 6.9 mi ) west southwest of the city , it is the eleventh-busiest airport in Canada , with 1,670,880 passengers and 121,680 aircraft movements in 2017 . More than 10 airlines offer 360 weekly flights to destinations across Canada , the United States , Central America , Mexico , the Caribbean and Europe .
Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec .
Abbotsford International Airport ( IATA : YXX , ICAO : CYXX ) is located in Abbotsford , British Columbia , Canada , 2.2 nautical miles ( 4.1 km ; 2.5 mi ) southwest of the city centre . It is the second largest airport in the Lower Mainland , after Vancouver International Airport ( YVR ) , and is in close proximity to British Columbia Highway 1 , and the US border . It is located about 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) from Surrey city centre and 65 kilometres ( 40 mi ) from downtown Vancouver . YXX offers daily domestic scheduled services and seasonal international scheduled services . The airport is equipped with a CAT 1 instrument landing system , on-site aircraft rescue and firefighting , and a fully serviced air terminal building with customs and passenger screening . It is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) for all scheduled international arrivals . CBSA also provides clearance services to all general aviation aircraft with no more than 15 passengers Abbotsford Airport has a longstanding general aviation community and an established aerospace community , including Cascade Aerospace , the Conair Group , and the University of the Fraser Valley Aerospace Centre . Abbotsford Airport is also home to the Abbotsford Shell Aerocentre FBO and flying schools , such as Coastal Pacific Aviation and Chinook Helicopters . YXX is highly visible to the public due to the Abbotsford International Airshow , Defense & Security Expo , and Tradex events centre . There are approximately 87 hectares ( 215 acres ) of land immediately available for airside and landside development . In 2008 , 503,693 passengers passed through Abbotsford International Airport and 477,087 in 2014 . In 2018 , the airport announced it will undergo a $ 5 million , 14-000 square foot expansion to add new gates and additional passenger seating capacity .
Abbotsford is a city located in British Columbia , adjacent to the Canada-United States border , Greater Vancouver and the Fraser River . With an estimated population of 141,397 people it is the largest municipality in the province outside Metro Vancouver . Abbotsford-Mission has the third highest proportion of visible minorities among census metropolitan areas in Canada , after the Greater Toronto Area and the Greater Vancouver CMA . It is home to Tradex , the University of the Fraser Valley , and Abbotsford International Airport . As of the 2016 census , it is the largest municipality of the Fraser Valley Regional District and the fifth-largest municipality of British Columbia . The Abbotsford-Mission metropolitan area of around 180,518 inhabitants as of the 2016 census is the 23rd largest census metropolitan area in Canada . It has also been named by Statistics Canada as Canada 's most generous city in terms of charitable donations for nine straight years . The community of 375.55 square kilometres ( 145.00 sq mi ) is the largest city by area in British Columbia . The municipality 's southern boundary is the Canada-United States border . In Canada , it is bordered by the Township of Langley to the west , the District of Mission to the north , and the City of Chilliwack to the east . Abbotsford borders the town of Blaine , Washington to the south . Much of Abbotsford has views of Mount Baker ( to the southeast , in Washington ) and the Coast Mountains ( to the north ) .
Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport ( IATA : YTZ , ICAO : CYTZ ) is a regional airport located on the Toronto Islands in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . The airport is often referred to as Toronto Island Airport and was previously known as Port George VI Island Airport and Toronto City Centre Airport . The airport 's name honours Billy Bishop , the Canadian World War I flying ace and World War II Air Marshal . It is used by civil aviation , air ambulances , and regional airlines using turboprop planes . In 2018 , it was ranked Canada 's ninth-busiest airport , and the sixth-busiest Canadian airport that serves the U.S . Conceived in the 1930s as the main airport for Toronto , the construction of the airport was completed in 1939 by the Toronto Harbour Commission ( THC ) . At the same time , the THC built Malton Airport as an alternate , but nearby Malton ( today Toronto Pearson International Airport ) became Toronto 's main passenger airline hub instead , leaving the island airport for general aviation and military purposes . During the 1940s and 1950s , several political leaders proposed an expansion of the island airport to enable scheduled passenger airlines and reduce the annual operating costs . Malton was sold in 1962 to the Government of Canada in exchange for an expansion and improvements to the island airport . After the expansion , civil flights increased to a peak of over 200,000 annual flights in the 1960s . Although regional airlines were introduced in the 1970s , the annual number of flights went into decline and closure was discussed . In 1983 , a 50-year tripartite agreement between the Government of Canada , the City of Toronto government and the Harbour Commission , which limited noise and banned jet use for scheduled airlines , allowed airport operations to continue .
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada , with a population of 2,954,024 as of July 2018 . Current to 2016 , the Toronto census metropolitan area ( CMA ) , of which the majority is within the Greater Toronto Area ( GTA ) , held a population of 5,928,040 , making it Canada 's most populous CMA . The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people ( as of 2016 ) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario . Toronto is an international centre of business , finance , arts , and culture , and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world . People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area , located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers , deep ravines , and urban forest , for more than 10,000 years . After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase , when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown , the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada . During the War of 1812 , the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops . York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto . It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation . The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ) . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada . More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group , and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants .
Region of Waterloo International Airport or Kitchener/Waterloo Airport ( IATA : YKF , ICAO : CYKF ) is an international airport serving the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Woolwich , Ontario , Canada , northwest of Toronto . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle any general aviation aircraft up to 180 people with two hours prior notice . The terminal building has an international/domestic lounge . There are two separate baggage carousel , one for domestic and the other international . There are four gates ( one international , one domestic arrivals , two domestic departure ) at this terminal to handle scheduled flights . There is a licensed sit-down eating area and a vending area for people travelling through the airport .
The Regional Municipality of Waterloo is a regional municipality located in Southern Ontario , Canada . It consists of the cities of Cambridge , Kitchener and Waterloo ( collectively called the Tri-Cities ) , and the townships of North Dumfries , Wellesley , Wilmot and Woolwich . It is often referred to as the Region of Waterloo or Waterloo Region . The region is 1,369 square kilometres in size and its regional seat of government is in Kitchener . The region 's population was 535,154 at the 2016 census . As of 2018 , the estimated population is 601,220 . In 2016 , the Cambridge , Kitchener , Waterloo area was the third best place in Canada to find full-time employment based on data from StatsCan . The region was preceded by Waterloo County , Ontario , created in 1853 and dissolved in 1973 . That entity consisted of five townships : Woolwich , Wellesley , Wilmot , Waterloo , and North Dumfries , including the cities and towns in each area .
St. Andrews Airport or Winnipeg/St . Andrews Airport , ( ICAO : CYAV ) , is a general aviation facility located 10 nautical miles ( 19 km ; 12 mi ) north northeast of Winnipeg , in the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews , Manitoba , Canada . In 2011 it was Canada 's 16th busiest airport by aircraft movements .
Thunder Bay International Airport , ( IATA : YQT , ICAO : CYQT ) , is an airport in the city of Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada . With 108,130 aircraft movements in 2012 , it was the fourth busiest airport in Ontario and the 16th busiest airport in Canada . During the same year , more than 761,000 passengers went through the airport . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft with up to 40 passengers .
Thunder Bay is a city in , and the seat of , Thunder Bay District , Ontario , Canada . It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario with a population of 107,909 as of the Canada 2016 Census , and the second most populous in Northern Ontario after Greater Sudbury . Located on Lake Superior , the census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 121,621 , and consists of the city of Thunder Bay , the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing , the townships of Shuniah , Conmee , O'Connor , and Gillies , and the Fort William First Nation . European settlement in the region began in the late 17th century with a French fur trading outpost on the banks of the Kaministiquia River . It grew into an important transportation hub with its port forming an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada , through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the east coast . Forestry and manufacturing played important roles in the city 's economy . They have declined in recent years , but have been replaced by a knowledge economy based on medical research and education . Thunder Bay is the site of the Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute . The city takes its name from the immense Thunder Bay at the head of Lake Superior , known on 18th-century French maps as Baie du Tonnerre ( Bay of Thunder ) . The city is often referred to as the Lakehead , or Canadian Lakehead , because of its location at the end of Great Lakes navigation on the Canadian side of the border .
Fredericton International Airport ( IATA : YFC , ICAO : CYFC ) is an airport in Lincoln , New Brunswick , Canada , 7 nautical miles ( 13 km ; 8.1 mi ) southeast of Fredericton . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft with no more than 55 passengers or 140 if offloaded in stages . Part of the National Airports System , the airport is owned by Transport Canada and operated by the Greater Fredericton Airport Authority . The airport has two runways and is the second-busiest airport in New Brunswick in terms of passenger levels , after the Greater Moncton International Airport . In 2016 the airport handled 377,977 passengers and in 2008 the airport went from 34,078 aircraft movements to 73,330 , an increase of 115% , prompting Nav Canada to provide a control tower in 2009/2010 . In 2009 the airport saw the number of movements rise by 44.8% to 106,178 making it the 19th-busiest in Canada and the only one in the top twenty without air traffic control during the year . Fredericton was designated an international airport in 2007 by Transport Canada . The airport spent $ 30 million to expand the terminal size by 50% to improve energy efficiency , add more ticket counters , washroom and seating . The expansion began in mid summer of 2018 and lasts for 30 months .
Fredericton ( /ˈfrɛdrɪktən/ ; French pronunciation : ​ [ fʁɛdeʁiktœn ] ) is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River , which flows west to east as it bisects the city . The river is the dominant natural feature of the area . One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick , the city had a population of 58,220 in the 2016 Canadian Census . It is the third-largest city in the province after Moncton and Saint John . An important cultural , artistic , and educational centre for the province , Fredericton is home to two universities , the New Brunswick College of Craft and Design , and cultural institutions such as the Beaverbrook Art Gallery , the Fredericton Region Museum , and The Playhouse , a performing arts venue . The city hosts the annual Harvest Jazz & Blues Festival , attracting regional and international jazz , blues , rock , and world artists . Fredericton is also an important and vibrant centre point for the region 's top visual artists ; many of New Brunswick 's notable artists live and work there today . Fredericton has also been home to some great historical Canadian painters as well , including Goodridge Roberts , and Molly and Bruno Bobak . As a provincial capital , its economy is tied to the public sector ; however , the city also contains a growing IT and commercial sector . The city has the highest percentage of residents with post-secondary education in the province and the highest per capita income of any city in New Brunswick .
Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker International Airport ( IATA : YXE , ICAO : CYXE ) is an international airport located 3 nautical miles ( 5.6 km ; 3.5 mi ) northwest of Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada . The airport is served by passenger , courier and air freight operators . It is named for John Diefenbaker , the 13th Prime Minister of Canada . The airport has nine passenger bridges , three ground loading positions , 32 check-in points and a customs/immigration arrivals area . The airport is classified as an airport of entry by Nav Canada and is staffed by the Canada Border Services Agency ( CBSA ) . CBSA officers at this airport can handle aircraft with no more than 200 passengers . However , they can handle up to 300 if the aircraft is unloaded in stages . In 2017 , the airport saw a total of 1.46 million passengers pass through , which was an increase of 0.6% over the previous year .
Saskatoon ( /ˌsæskəˈtuːn/ ) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . It straddles a bend in the South Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province . It is located along the Trans-Canada Yellowhead Highway , and has served as the cultural and economic hub of central Saskatchewan since its founding in 1882 as a Temperance colony . With a 2016 census population of 246,376 , Saskatoon is the largest city in the province , and the 17th largest Census Metropolitan Area in Canada , with a 2016 census population of 295,095 . The City of Saskatoon has estimated its population to be 278,500 as of July 2018 , while Statistics Canada has estimated the CMA 's population to be 323,809 as of 2017 . Saskatoon is home to the University of Saskatchewan , the Meewasin Valley Authority which protects the South Saskatchewan River and provides for the city 's popular riverbank park spaces , and Wanuskewin Heritage Park , a National Historic Site of Canada and UNESCO World Heritage applicant representing 6,000 years of First Nations history . The Rural Municipality of Corman Park No . 344 , the most populous rural municipality in Saskatchewan , surrounds the city and contains many of the developments associated with it , including Wanuskewin . Saskatoon is named after the saskatoon berry which is native to the region , and is itself derived from the Cree misâskwatômina . The city has a significant Indigenous population and several urban Reserves . The city has nine river crossings and is nicknamed Paris of the Prairies and Bridge City . Historic neighbourhoods of Saskatoon include Nutana and Riversdale , which were separate towns before amalgamating with the town of Saskatoon and incorporating as a city in 1906 .