List of US Open women's singles champions
Statistics -- Champions by country
Table:
Country

Amateur Era

Open Era

All-time

First title

Last title

United States
67
25
92
1887
2017

Australia
2
4
6
1962
2011

Germany[h]
0
6
6
1988
2016

Belgium
0
5
5
2003
2010

Brazil
4
0
4
1959
1966

Great Britain[f]
3
1
4
1891
1968

Norway
4
0
4
1915
1918

Russia
0
2
2
2004
2006

Argentina
0
1
1
1990
1990

Italy
0
1
1
2015
2015

Serbia and Montenegro[i] ¤
0
1
1
1992
1992

Yugoslavia ¤
0
1
1
1991
1991

Canada
0
1
1
2019
2019

Chile
1
0
1
1937
1937

Czechoslovakia[g] ¤
0
1
1
1985
1985

Japan
0
1
1
2018
2018

Spain
0
1
1
1994
1994

Switzerland
0
1
1
1997
1997

Consulting the provided table and the relevant paragraphs listed.

Provide an answer to this question: How many linguistic regions are there in the country composed of 26 cantons that won its first and only US Open women 's singles championship in the Open era , at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
List of champions of the 1887 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) . The men 's tournament was held from 22 August to 30 August on the outdoor Grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport , Rhode Island . It was the 7th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year . In 1887 the first U.S. Women 's National Singles Championship was held . The event was launched at the Philadelphia Cricket Club , PA and was played after the men 's tournament had ended . 17-year-old Philadelphian Ellen Hansell became the first women 's champion .
The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis ' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City . Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior , wheelchair and exhibition events . Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year 's men 's and women 's singles champions . Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury that ended his season , while Kerber lost in the first round to Naomi Osaka . The men 's singles tournament concluded with Rafael Nadal defeating Kevin Anderson in the final , while the women 's singles tournament concluded with Sloane Stephens defeating Madison Keys in the final .
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) .
The 1962 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The tournament ran from 29 August until 10 September . It was the 82nd staging of the U.S. National Championships , and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1962 . The men 's singles event was won by Australian Rod Laver whose victory completed his first Grand Slam .
The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park , of Queens , New York City , United States . It began on 29 August and was originally scheduled to end on 11 September , but the men 's final was postponed to 12 September due to rain . Rafael Nadal and Kim Clijsters were the defending champions . Due to an abdominal muscle injury , Clijsters was not able to defend her title . In the women 's singles , Australia 's Samantha Stosur defeated Serena Williams in straight sets 6-2 , 6-3 for her first Grand Slam title . Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980 . In the men 's singles , both Nadal and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the second consecutive year . This time , Djokovic won 6-2 , 6-4 , 6-7 ( 3-7 ) , 6-1 for his first US Open title .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .
The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States . It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11 , 1988 .
The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis ' US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City . In the men 's singles competition , Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final . Angelique Kerber defeated Karolína Plíšková in the women 's singles to become the first German player to win the tournament since Steffi Graf in 1996 . 2015 women 's singles champion Flavia Pennetta did not defend her title as she had retired at the end of the 2015 season . This tournament turned out to be the last one in the career of former No.1 player in the world and 2008 French Open women 's singles champion Ana Ivanovic , who announced her retirement from professional tennis at the end of the year .
Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .
The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 - September 7 , 2003 . Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002 ; Sampras unofficially retired [ clarification needed ] after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year , and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury . This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title . Andy Roddick , who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior , won his only Grand Slam title , defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero ( who inherited the World No.1 ranking after the tournament ) in the final . Justine Henin-Hardenne won her first US Open title and second Grand Slam title , defeating her compatriot , rival and future three-times US Open champion Kim Clijsters in the final , dropping only one set through her run .
The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts , held from August 30 to September 13 , 2010 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows , Queens , New York City , United States . The tournament was initially going to finish with Men 's Singles final on September 12 , but was postponed due to rain on the last day and just before the men 's tournament final . In the previous two years the tournament was also postponed because of weather . Juan Martín del Potro and Kim Clijsters were the defending champions . Del Potro , due to a wrist injury , opted not to defend his title . Clijsters successfully defended her title with a score of 6-2 , 6-1 in the final against Vera Zvonareva .
Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
The 1959 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at two locations in the United States . The men 's and women 's singles as well as the mixed doubles were played from September 4 through September 13 at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , while the men 's and women 's doubles were held at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts from August 16 though August 23 , 1959 . It was the 79th staging of the U.S. National Championships , and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year . Neale Fraser ] and Maria Bueno won the singles titles .
The 1966 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September . It was the 86th staging of the U.S. National Championships , and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1966 .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
List of champions of the 1891 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) . The men 's tournament was held from 22 August to 31 August on the outdoor grass courts at the Newport Casino in Newport , Rhode Island . The women 's tournament was held from 23 June to 27 June on the outdoor grass courts at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia , PA . It was the 11th U.S. National Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year . :
The 1968 US Open ( formerly known as U.S. National Championships ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September . It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968 . It was the first edition of the tournament in the Open Era of tennis and as such for the first time offered prize money , totaling $ 100,000 . Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles . Ashe was still registered as an amateur and therefore not entitled to the $ 14,000 first-prize money , which instead went to runner-up Tom Okker , while Wade earned $ 6,000 . Frank Parker , at the age of 52 , lost to eventual champion Arthur Ashe in the second round , and still holds the record for the oldest man to compete in a Grand Slam singles tournament .
Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg .
The 1915 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The men 's singles tournament ran from 31 August until 8 September while the women 's singles and doubles championship took place from 7 June to 12 June at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill . It was the 35th staging of the U.S. National Championships , the first held at Forest Hills and the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year .
The 1918 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The women 's tournament was held from 17 Jun until 22 June while the men 's tournament ran from 26 August until 3 September . It was the 38th staging of the U.S. National Championships and due to World War I the only Grand Slam tennis event of the year .
Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state .
The 2004 US Open was held between August 30 , 2004 - September 12 , 2004 . Both Andy Roddick and Justine Henin-Hardenne were unsuccessful in their title defences , Roddick losing in the quarter-finals to Joachim Johansson and Henin-Hardenne falling in the fourth round to Nadia Petrova . On the men 's side , Roger Federer won his first US Open , defeating rival and 2001 champion Lleyton Hewitt in a lopsided final . Svetlana Kuznetsova won the women 's title defeating Elena Dementieva in the final .
The 2006 US Open began 28 August and finished on 10 September 2006 . Roger Federer was successful in defending his 2005 title , defeating 2003 champion Andy Roddick in the final . Kim Clijsters was unable to defend her title due to injury . 19-year-old Maria Sharapova won her second Grand Slam title , defeating Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final . It was Henin-Hardenne 's third Grand Slam final loss of 2006 , having lost the Australian Open and Wimbledon finals earlier in the year .
Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture .
The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States . It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9 , 1990 .
The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States . It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9 , 1990 .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts . It was the 135th edition of the US Open , the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center . Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men 's singles event , but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals . Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women 's singles event and was also trying to complete the calendar Grand Slam , but she lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals . Flavia Pennetta won the Women 's Singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open .
Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian : Србија и Црна Гора , romanized : Srbija i Crna Gora ; abbr . Serbian : СЦГ , romanized : SCG ) , also known from 2003 to 2006 as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro ( Serbian : Државна Заједница Србија и Црна Гора , romanized : Državna Zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora ) , and known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2003 , was a country in Southeast Europe , created from the two remaining federal republics of the Socialist Yugoslavia after its breakup in 1992 . The republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation in 1992 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( abbr . FR Yugoslavia or FRY ; Serbian : Савезна Република Југославија , romanized : Savezna Republika Jugoslavija ) [ a ] or Yugoslavia ( Serbian : Југославија , romanized : Jugoslavija ) for short . For the first several years of its existence , the state aspired to be recognized as the sole legal successor to Yugoslavia , but those claims were opposed by other former constituent republics . The United Nations also denied its request to take up Yugoslavia 's membership . Eventually , after the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević from power as president of the federation in 2000 , the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession . It re-applied for UN membership on 27 October 2000 and was admitted on 1 November . The FRY was initially dominated by Slobodan Milošević as President of Serbia ( 1989-1997 ) and then President of Yugoslavia ( 1997-2000 ) . Milošević installed and forced the removal of several federal presidents ( such as Dobrica Ćosić ) and prime ministers ( such as Milan Panić ) . However , the Montenegrin government , initially enthusiastic supporters of Milošević , started gradually distancing themselves from his policies . That culminated in regime change in 1996 , when his former ally Milo Đukanović reversed his policies , became leader of Montenegro 's ruling party and subsequently dismissed former Montenegrin leader Momir Bulatović , who remained loyal to the Milošević government .
The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States . It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13 , 1992 .
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ) , also known as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia , was a country located in Central and Southeastern Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars . Covering an area of 255,804 km² ( 98,766 sq mi ) , the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west , Austria and Hungary to the north , Bulgaria and Romania to the east , and Albania and Greece to the south . The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics - Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia - with Belgrade as its capital . In addition , it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia : Kosovo and Vojvodina . The SFRY 's origin is traced to 26 November 1942 , when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II . On 29 November 1945 , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II , thus ending the monarchy . Until 1948 , the new communist government originally sided with the Eastern Bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War , but after the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 , Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality . It became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement , and transitioned from a command economy to market-based socialism . The SFRY maintained neutrality during the Cold War as part of its foreign policy . It was a founding member of CERN , the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , OSCE , IFAD , WTO , Eutelsat , and BTWC . Following the death of Tito on 4 May 1980 , the Yugoslav economy started to collapse , which increased unemployment and inflation . The economic crisis led to a rise in ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s and early 1990s ; dissidence resulted among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics .
The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States . It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8 , 1991 .
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom .
The 2019 US Open was the 139th edition of tennis ' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City . Novak Djokovic and Naomi Osaka were the men 's and women 's singles defending champions . Neither managed to defend their title , with Djokovic retiring in the fourth round due to a shoulder injury after losing the first two sets against Stan Wawrinka , and Osaka losing in the fourth round against Belinda Bencic . Serena Williams set an Open Era record by reaching 10 US Open finals . It was the first time since the 2017 Australian Open and fourth time in the Open Era that both the men 's and women 's number one seeds were defeated before the quarterfinals . In a repeat of the 2019 Rogers Cup , Rafael Nadal won the men 's singles title , defeating first time Grand Slam finalist Daniil Medvedev , 7-5 , 6-3 , 5-7 , 4-6 , 6-4 for his 19th Grand Slam singles title . Bianca Andreescu won the women 's singles title , defeating Serena Williams in the final , 6-3 , 7-5 , and becoming the first Canadian to win a Grand Slam singles title .
Chile ( /ˈtʃɪli/ ( listen ) , /ˈtʃɪleɪ/ ; Spanish : [ ˈtʃile ] ) , [ nb 2 ] officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish : República de Chile ( help·info ) ) , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres ( 480,000 sq mi ) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory . [ nb 3 ] , The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth , principally copper and lithium . The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources , and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions . Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands , and features a string of volcanoes and lakes . The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords , inlets , canals , twisting peninsulas , and islands . Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century , replacing Inca rule in the north and centre , but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile . After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818 , Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic . In the 19th century , Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth , ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific ( 1879-83 ) after defeating Peru and Bolivia . In the 1960s and 1970s , the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil .
The 1937 U.S. National Championships ( now known as the US Open ) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club , Forest Hills in New York , United States . The tournament ran from 2 September until 11 September . It was the 57th staging of the U.S. National Championships and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year .
Czechoslovakia , or Czecho-Slovakia ( /ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , -kə- , -slə- , -ˈvɑː-/ ; Czech and Slovak : Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) , was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 . From 1939 to 1945 , following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany , the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate . From 1948 to 1990 , Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a command economy . Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955 . A period of political liberalization in 1968 , known as the Prague Spring , was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union , assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries , invaded Czechoslovakia . In 1989 , as Marxist-Leninist governments and socialism were ending all over Europe , Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution ; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation . In 1993 , Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia .
The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States . It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8 , 1985 .
Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) .
The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis ' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year . It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City . Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men 's and women 's singles events , however both failed to defend their titles . Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro . Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova , whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous year . Novak Djokovic won the men 's singles title , defeating del Potro in the final , 6-3 , 7-6 ( 7-4 ) , 6-3 . It was his third US Open title and 14th Grand Slam , tying Pete Sampras ' record to become equal third among all-time Grand Slam champions . In women 's singles , Naomi Osaka defeated Serena Williams in the final , 6-2 , 6-4 , becoming Japan 's first ever able-bodied Grand Slam singles champion .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States . It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11 , 1994 .
Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone .
The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States . It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August 25 through September 7 , 1997 .