List of ship launches in 1944
October
Table:
Date

Ship

Country

Builder

Location

Class / type

Notes

2 October

J. Rufino Barrios

United States

Delta Shipbuilding Company

New Orleans

Liberty ship

2 October

Richard J. Hopkins

United States

Todd Houston Shipbuilding Corporation

Houston, Texas

Liberty ship

3 October

Empire Albany

United Kingdom

Richards Ironworks Ltd

Lowestoft

Coaster

For Ministry of War Transport

3 October

James T. Fields

United States

New England Shipbuilding Company

South Portland, Maine

Liberty ship

3 October

Loammi Baldwin

United States

New England Shipbuilding Company

South Portland, Maine

Liberty ship

3 October

Navarro

United States

Permanente Metals, #2 Yard

Richmond, California

Template:Sclass-

3 October

U 2341

Nazi Germany

Deutsche Werft AG

Hamburg

Type XXIII submarine

For Kriegsmarine

4 October

Chief Osceola

United States

J. A. Jones Construction Company

Panama City, Florida

Liberty ship

4 October

U 3510

Nazi Germany

Schichau-Werke

Danzig

Type XXI submarine

For German Navy

4 October

Magoffin

United States

Kaiser Company

Vancouver, Washington

Template:Sclass-

4 October

Empire Dorrit

United Kingdom

Scott & Sons Ltd

Bowling

Coaster

For Ministry of War Transport

4 October

Empire Elinor

United Kingdom

Henry Scarr Ltd

Hessle

Tug

For Ministry of War Transport

4 October

Empire Jenny

United Kingdom

Cochrane & Sons Ltd

Selby

Tug

For Ministry of War Transport

4 October

U 2518

Nazi Germany

Blohm + Voss

Hamburg

Type XXI submarine

For Kriegsmarine

5 October

Kermit Roosevelt

United States

Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards

Baltimore

Liberty ship

5 October

Robert Mills

United States

St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company

Jacksonville, Florida

Liberty ship

5 October

St. Albans Victory

United States

Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyards

Baltimore

Victory ship

5 October

William H. Edwards

United States

Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation

Savannah, Georgia

Liberty ship

5 October

Fond du Lac

United States

Oregon Shipbuilding Company

Portland

Template:Sclass-

5 October

Empire Barbara

United Kingdom

Cochrane & Sons Ltd

Selby

Tug

For Ministry of War Transport

Leveraging the accompanying table and the supplementary paragraphs listed.

Solve the question: What is the builder of the ship whose country is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
The American Ship Building Company was the dominant shipbuilder on the Great Lakes before the Second World War . It started as Cleveland Shipbuilding in Cleveland , Ohio in 1888 and opened the yard in Lorain , Ohio in 1898 . It changed its name to the American Ship Building Company in 1900 , when it acquired Superior Shipbuilding , in Superior , Wisconsin ; Toledo Shipbuilding , in Toledo , Ohio ; and West Bay Shipbuilding , in West Bay City , Michigan . With the coming of World War I , the company also acquired Buffalo Dry Dock , in Buffalo , New York ; Chicago Shipbuilding , in Chicago , Illinois ; and Detroit Shipbuilding , in Wyandotte , Michigan . American Shipbuilding ranked 81st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts .
New Orleans ( /ˈɔːrl ( i ) ənz , ɔːrˈliːnz/ , locally /ˈɔːrlənz/ ; French : La Nouvelle-Orléans [ la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana . With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018 , it is the most populous city in Louisiana . Serving as a major port , New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States . New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music , Creole cuisine , unique dialect , and its annual celebrations and festivals , most notably Mardi Gras . The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter , known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street . The city has been described as the most unique in the United States , owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage . Founded in 1718 by French colonists , New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States , and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II . The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding , due to such factors as high rainfall , low lying elevation , poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water . State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city . New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , which resulted in flooding more than 80% of the city , thousands of deaths , and so much displacement because of damaged communities and lost housing as to cause a population decline of over 50% . Since Katrina , major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city 's population .
Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II . Though British in concept , the design was adapted by the United States for its simple , low-cost construction . Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale , the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output . The class was developed to meet British orders for transports to replace ships that had been lost . Eighteen American shipyards built 2,710 Liberty ships between 1941 and 1945 ( an average of three ships every two days ) , easily the largest number of ships ever produced to a single design . Their production mirrored ( albeit on a much larger scale ) the manufacture of Hog Islander and similar standardized ship types during World War I . The immensity of the effort , the number of ships built , the role of female workers in their construction , and the survival of some far longer than their original five-year design life combine to make them the subject of much continued interest .
Vigor Shipyards ( formerly Todd Shipyards ) was founded in 1916 as the William H. Todd Corporation through the merger of Robins Dry Dock & Repair Company of Erie Basin , Brooklyn , New York , the Tietjen & Long Dry Dock Company of Hoboken , New Jersey , and the Seattle Construction and Dry Dock Company . The Seattle shipyard could trace its history back to 1882 , when Robert Moran opened a marine repair shop at Yesler 's Wharf . This shop became the Moran Brothers Shipyard in 1906 and the Seattle Construction & Dry Dock Company at the end of 1911 . The shipyard has performed building and maintenance work for , among others , the U.S. and Royal Australian Navies , the United States Coast Guard , and the Washington State Ferries . Its headquarters and operations are on Harbor Island at the mouth of Seattle 's Duwamish Waterway . Todd ranked 26th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts . The 105-foot-long ( 32 m ) hull of Disneyland 's Mark Twain riverboat was built at Todd Shipyards in San Pedro , California , in 1955 . Frank Sinatra worked after high school as a rivet catcher . In February 2011 , Vigor Industrial purchased Todd for US $ 130 million . This included the Seattle , Everett and Bremerton operations . Today , Vigor Shipyards is a government repair subsidiary of Vigor Industrial . Originally , the Coast Guard wanted to acquire 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters ( OPC ) and spend about $ 8 billion for them .
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/ ( listen ) HEW-stən ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas , fourth most populous city in the United States , most populous city in the Southern United States , as well as the sixth most populous in North America , with an estimated 2018 population of 2,325,502 . Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico , it is the seat of Harris County and the principal city of the Greater Houston metropolitan area , which is the fifth most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States and the second most populous in Texas after the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , with a population of 6,997,384 in 2018 . Comprising a total area of 637.4 square miles ( 1,651 km2 ) , Houston is the eighth most expansive city in the United States ( including consolidated city-counties ) . It is the largest city in the United States by total area , whose government is not consolidated with that of a county , parish or borough . Though primarily in Harris County , small portions of the city extend into Fort Bend and Montgomery counties , bordering other principal communities of Greater Houston such as Sugar Land and The Woodlands . The city of Houston was founded by land investors on August 30 , 1836 , at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou and White Oak Bayou ( a point now known as Allen 's Landing ) and incorporated as a city on June 5 , 1837 . The city is named after former General Sam Houston , who was president of the Republic of Texas and had won Texas ' independence from Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles ( 40 km ) east of Allen 's Landing . After briefly serving as the capital of the Texas Republic in the late 1830s , Houston grew steadily into a regional trading center for the remainder of the 19th century . The arrival of the 20th century saw a convergence of economic factors which fueled rapid growth in Houston , including a burgeoning port and railroad industry , the decline of Galveston as Texas ' primary port following a devastating 1900 hurricane , the subsequent construction of the Houston Ship Channel , and the Texas oil boom . In the mid-20th century , Houston 's economy diversified as it became home to the Texas Medical Center - the world 's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions - and NASA 's Johnson Space Center , where the Mission Control Center is located . Houston 's economy since the late 19th century has a broad industrial base in energy , manufacturing , aeronautics , and transportation . Leading in healthcare sectors and building oilfield equipment , Houston has the second most Fortune 500 headquarters of any U.S. municipality within its city limits ( after New York City ) .
Empire Albany was a 306-ton Coaster which was built in 1944 . She was renamed Albany in 1946 and disappeared on a voyage between Port Talbot and Rosslare in 1946 .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Lowestoft ( /ˈloʊ ( ɪ ) stɒft , ˈloʊstəf/ ) is an English town and civil parish in the county of Suffolk . The town , on the North Sea coast , is the most easterly settlement of the United Kingdom . It is 110 miles ( 177 km ) north-east of London , 38 miles ( 61 km ) north-east of Ipswich and 22 miles ( 35 km ) south-east of Norwich . It lies on the edge of The Broads and is the main settlement in the district of East Suffolk , with a population of 71,010 in 2011 . Some of the earliest evidence of settlement in Britain was found here . A port town , it developed out of the fishing industry and as a seaside resort with wide , sandy beaches , two piers and other attractions . As its fisheries declined , oil and gas exploitation in the southern North Sea in the 1960s added to its development , alongside nearby Great Yarmouth . This role has declined , but it has begun to develop as a regional centre of the renewable energy industry .
Coastal trading vessels , also known as coasters , are shallow-hulled ships used for trade between locations on the same island or continent . Their shallow hulls mean that they can get through reefs where deeper-hulled seagoing ships usually can not . Coasters can load and unload cargo in shallow ports .
Five of the British Ocean ships , hulls 19-24 Ocean Wayfarer , Ocean Stranger , Ocean Traveller , Ocean Seaman , and Ocean Gallant , were launched along with two destroyers , USS Conway and USS Cony , and the Liberty Ship SS Natasha Allen at a record breaking mass launching on August 16 , 1942 . The ships were launched and they raced to see which one was the fastest ; Natasha Allen won . At the peak of production , the yards employed 30,000 people .
South Portland is a city in Cumberland County , Maine , United States , and is the fourth-largest city in the state , incorporated in 1898 . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 25,002 . Known for its working waterfront , South Portland is situated on Portland Harbor and overlooks the skyline of Portland and the islands of Casco Bay . Due to South Portland 's close proximity to air , marine , rail , and highway transportation options , the city has become a center for retail and industry in the region . Despite the name , South Portland was never part of the city of Portland , but rather part of Cape Elizabeth . It broke off in 1895 . However , both Cape Elizabeth and Portland were once part of Falmouth . Cape Elizabeth , then including what later became South Portland , broke away from Falmouth in 1765 . South Portland is a principal city of the Portland - South Portland - Biddeford metropolitan area .
USS Navarro ( APA/LPA-215 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport of the US Navy . She was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type that saw service in World War II and the Vietnam War . Navarro was named after Navarro County , Texas .
Permanente Metals Corporation ( PMC ) is best known for having managed the Richmond Shipyards in Richmond , California , owned by one of industrialist Henry J. Kaiser 's many corporations , and also engaged in related corporate activities . These four of the seven west coast Kaiser Shipyards were known for their construction of Liberty ships and later Victory ships . The company was originally a major producer of magnesium during World War II and derives its name from the Permanente Creek in Santa Clara County , California where mining operations commenced in the early 1930s . To make use of its major product , powdered magnesium , PMC also developed and supplied an incendiary bomb mixture of magnesium powder , asphalt , gasoline and others components ( known as goop , with similar characteristics to napalm ) ; 17,000 short tons of goop-filled bombs were used in World War II ( approximately eight percent of the total tonnage of incendiaries that were dropped during that conflict ) . Permanente ranked 42nd among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts .
The four Richmond Shipyards , located in the city of Richmond , California , United States , were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards . During World War II , Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard , turning out as many as three ships in a single day . The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park , whose the Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard # 2 . Shipyard # 3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city .
Haskell-class attack transports ( APA ) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944 . They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment , and land them on hostile shores with the ships ' integral landing craft . The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations , landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa . Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II , landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka . After the end of World War II , most participated in Operation Magic Carpet , the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States . A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War , with some staying in service into the Vietnam War . The Haskell class , Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5 , is a sub - type of the World War II Victory ship design . 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945 , with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled . Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program .
Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy .
Hamburg ( English : /ˈhæmbɜːrɡ/ , German : [ ˈhambʊʁk ] ( listen ) , locally also [ ˈhambʊɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) [ ˈhambɔːχ ] ; Low Saxon : Hamborg ) , officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( German : Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ; Low Saxon : Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg ) , is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million . One of Germany 's 16 federal states , it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south . The city 's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people . Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries , the River Alster and the River Bille . The official name reflects Hamburg 's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire . Before the 1871 Unification of Germany , it was a fully sovereign city state , and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten . Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg , North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids , the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe . Hamburg is Europe 's third-largest port . Major regional broadcaster NDR , the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city . Hamburg is the seat of Germany 's oldest stock exchange and the world 's oldest merchant bank , Berenberg Bank . Media , commercial , logistical , and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus , Blohm + Voss , Aurubis , Beiersdorf , and Unilever . The city hosts specialists in world economics and international law , including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , the EU-LAC Foundation , and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning , multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20 .
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboats to become operational . They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea , Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea , where larger Type XXI Elektro boats were at risk in World War II . They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes , which had to be loaded externally . As with their far larger sisters - the Type XXI - they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats , due to the improved streamlining of their shape , batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel , which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged . The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design . Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II , but most of these were either cancelled , scrapped incomplete or only projected .
SS Chief Osceola was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Chief Osceola , resistance leader of the Seminole , during the Second Seminole War .
J.A . Jones Construction was a heavy construction company headquartered in Charlotte , North Carolina . Operating internationally since the 1950s , it merged with Germany 's Philipp Holzmann AG in 1979 . In 2003 the company ceased operations due to the failure of its parent company .
Panama City is a city and the county seat of Bay County , Florida , United States . Located along U.S. Route 98 , it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola . It is the more populated of two principal cities of the Panama City-Lynn Haven , Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the 2010 census , the population was 36,484 . The city was catastrophically damaged when Hurricane Michael made landfall as a Category 5 hurricane on October 10 , 2018 . When Panama City was incorporated in 1909 , its original city limits were 15th Street ( Hwy 98 ) on the north , Balboa Avenue on the west and Bay Avenue on the east .
Type XXI submarines were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot ( German : electric boat ) submarines designed during the Second World War . One hundred and eighteen were completed , with four being combat ready . During the war only two were put into active service and went on patrols , but these were not used in combat . They were the first submarines designed to operate primarily submerged , rather than spending most of their time as surface ships that could submerge for brief periods as a means to escape detection . They incorporated many batteries to increase the time they could spend submerged , to as much as several days , and they only needed to surface to periscope depth for recharging via a snorkel . The design included many general improvements as well : much greater underwater speed by an improved hull design , greatly improved diving times , power-assisted torpedo reloading and greatly improved crew accommodations . However , the design was also flawed in many ways , with the submarines being mechanically unreliable and vulnerable to combat damage . The Type XXI submarines were also rushed into production before design work was complete , and the inexperienced facilities which constructed the boats were unable to meet necessary quality standards . After the war , several navies obtained XXIs and operated them for decades in various roles and large navies introduced new submarine designs based on them . These include the Soviet Whiskey , US Tang , UK Porpoise and Swedish Hajen classes , all based on the Type XXI design to some extent .
USS Magoffin ( APA-199/LPA-199 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas .
The Kaiser Shipyards were seven major shipbuilding yards located on the United States west coast during World War II . Kaiser ranked 20th among U.S. corporations in the value of wartime production contracts . The shipyards were owned by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company , a creation of American industrialist Henry J. Kaiser ( 1882-1967 ) , who established the shipbuilding company around 1939 in order to help meet the construction goals set by the United States Maritime Commission for merchant shipping . Four of the Kaiser Shipyards were located in Richmond , California , and were called the Richmond Shipyards . Three other shipyards were located in the Pacific Northwest along the Columbia and Willamette rivers : the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation and the Swan Island Shipyard in Portland , Oregon , and the Vancouver Shipyard in Vancouver , Washington . Henry Kaiser was known for developing new methods of ship building , which allowed his yards to outproduce other similar facilities and build 1,490 ships , 27 percent of the total Maritime Commission construction . Kaiser 's ships were completed in two-thirds the time and a quarter the cost of the average of all other shipyards . Liberty ships were typically assembled in a little over two weeks , and one in less than five days . Kaiser Shipyards shut down at the end of the war . The Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park was dedicated October 25 , 2000 on the site of one of the shipyards in Richmond .
Vancouver is a city on the north bank of the Columbia River in the U.S. state of Washington . It is the largest suburb of Portland , Oregon . Incorporated in 1857 , Vancouver had a population of 161,791 as of the 2010 U.S. census , making it the fourth-largest city in Washington state . Vancouver is the county seat of Clark County and forms part of the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area , the 23rd largest metropolitan area in the United States . Originally established in 1825 around Fort Vancouver , a fur-trading outpost , the city is located on the Washington/Oregon border along the Columbia River , directly north of Portland . In 2005 , Money magazine named it No . 91 on its list of best places in America to live . In 2016 , WalletHub ranked Vancouver the 89th best place in the U.S. for families to live .
Holdernith was a 643 GRT coaster that was built in 1944 as Empire Dorrit by Scott and Son Ltd , Bowling , West Dunbartonshire , Scotland , UK , for the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) . She was transferred to the French government in 1945 and renamed Lieutenant Lancelot , serving until 1954 when she was sold to a British company and renamed Holdernith . She served until 1963 , when she was scrapped .
Bowling ( Scots : Bowlin , Scottish Gaelic : Bolan ) is a village in West Dunbartonshire , Scotland , with a population of 740 ( 2015 ) . It lies on the north bank of the Firth of Clyde , between the towns of Clydebank and Dumbarton . It is just 1.5 miles to the west of Old Kilpatrick which is at one end of the Antonine Wall and therefore represents the extreme limit of the Roman Empire on the west coast of the island of Great Britain .
Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .
Hessle ( /ˈhɛzəl/ ) is a town , civil parish and electoral ward in the East Riding of Yorkshire , England , five miles ( 8 km ) west of Kingston upon Hull city centre . Geographically it is part of a larger urban area consisting of the city of Kingston upon Hull , the town of Hessle and a number of other villages but is not part of the city . It is on the north bank of the Humber Estuary where the Humber Bridge crosses . According to the 2011 UK census , Hessle parish had a population of 15,000 , an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 14,767 .
A tugboat or tug is a type of vessel that maneuvers other vessels by pushing or pulling them either by direct contact or by means of a tow line . Tugs typically move vessels that either are restricted in their ability to maneuver on their own , such as ships in a crowded harbor or a narrow canal , or those that can not move by themselves , such as barges , disabled ships , log rafts , or oil platforms . Tugboats are powerful for their size and strongly built , and some are ocean-going . Some tugboats serve as icebreakers or salvage boats . Early tugboats had steam engines , but today most have diesel engines . Many tugboats have firefighting monitors , allowing them to assist in firefighting , especially in harbors .
Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .
Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire , England , 14 miles ( 22.5 km ) south of York on the River Ouse , with a population at the 2011 census of 14,731 . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , Selby once had a large shipbuilding industry , and was an important port on the Selby Canal which brought trade from Leeds . Selby Town F.C . play in the Northern Counties East Football League .
Blohm+Voss ( B+V ) , also written historically as Blohm & Voss , Blohm und Voß etc. , is a German shipbuilding and engineering company . Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships , its most famous product is the World War II battleship Bismarck . In the 1930s its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which , shortly before the outbreak of World War II , adopted the name of its parent company . Following a difficult period after the war , B+V revived its fortunes by becoming a public company under a change of ownership . In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and continues to supply both the military and civil markets . The company also carries out related activities , managing a dockyard in Hamburg and undertaking maintenance and repair of large cruise ships . Since the acquisition , it has been concentrated in three areas : warships ( new construction ) , cruise ships and merchants ( repairs ) and yacht refitting . The company has been in operation , building ships and other large machinery , almost continuously for 143 years .
Bethlehem Steel Corporation Shipbuilding Division was created in 1905 when the Bethlehem Steel Corporation of Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , acquired the San Francisco shipyard Union Iron Works . In 1917 it was incorporated as Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation , Limited . Headquarters were in Quincy , Massachusetts , after acquiring the Fore River Shipyard in 1913 , and later in Sparrows Point , Maryland , southeast of Baltimore , Maryland , in formerly rural/now suburban Baltimore County , ( acquired 1916 ) , in 1964 . In 1940 , it was number 1 of the Big Three U.S. shipbuilders who could build any ship . Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock and New York Shipbuilding Corporation ( New York Ship ) were # 2 and # 3 . Bethlehem had 4 yards in early 1940 : Fore River , Sparrows Point , San Francisco , and Staten Island . Bethlehem expanded during World War II as a result of the Emergency Shipbuilding program administered under the United States Maritime Commission . The Quincy / Fore River yard was later sold to General Dynamics Corporation in the mid-1960s , and closed in 1986 . The Alameda Works Shipyard in California was closed by Bethlehem Steel in the early 1970s , while the San Francisco facility ( former Union Iron Works ) was sold to British Aerospace in the mid-1990s and survives today as BAE Systems San Francisco Ship Repair . Bethlehem Steel ceased shipbuilding activities in 1997 in an attempt to preserve its core steel making operations .
Baltimore ( /ˈbɔːltɪmɔːr/ BAWL-tim-or , locally : /ˈbɔːlmər/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland , as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States , with a population of 602,495 in 2018 and also the largest such independent city in the country . Baltimore was established by the Constitution of Maryland as an independent city in 1729 . As of 2017 , the population of the Baltimore metropolitan area was estimated to be just under 2.802 million , making it the 21st largest metropolitan area in the country . Baltimore is located about 40 miles ( 64 km ) northeast of Washington , D.C. , making it a principal city in the Washington-Baltimore combined statistical area ( CSA ) , the fourth-largest CSA in the nation , with a calculated 2018 population of 9,797,063 . The city 's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States . In addition , Baltimore was a major manufacturing center . After a decline in major manufacturing , heavy industry , and restructuring of the rail industry , Baltimore has shifted to a service-oriented economy . Johns Hopkins Hospital ( founded 1889 ) and Johns Hopkins University ( founded 1876 ) are the city 's top two employers . With hundreds of identified districts , Baltimore has been dubbed a city of neighborhoods . Famous residents have included writers Edgar Allan Poe , Edith Hamilton , Frederick Douglass , W.E.B . Du Bois , Ogden Nash , Gertrude Stein , F. Scott Fitzgerald , Dashiell Hammett , Upton Sinclair , Tom Clancy , Ta-Nehisi Coates , and H. L. Mencken ; musicians James Eubie Blake , Billie Holiday , Cab Calloway , Tori Amos , Frank Zappa , Tupac Shakur , Dan Deacon , Robbie Basho , Bill Frisell , Philip Glass , Cass Elliot , and Ric Ocasek ; actors and filmmakers John Waters , Barry Levinson , Divine , David Hasselhoff , Don Messick , John Kassir , Jada Pinkett Smith , and Mo'Nique ; artist Jeff Koons ; baseball player Babe Ruth ; swimmer Michael Phelps ; radio host Ira Glass ; television host Mike Rowe ; Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall ; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi ; and United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Ben Carson . During the War of 1812 , Francis Scott Key wrote The Star-Spangled Banner in Baltimore after the bombardment of Fort McHenry .
SS Robert Mills was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II . She was named after Robert Mills , a South Carolina architect known for designing both the first Washington Monument , located in Baltimore , Maryland , as well as the better known Washington Monument in the nation 's capital , Washington , DC .
The St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company was created in Jacksonville , Florida , during World War II to build Liberty ships .
Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida as well as the southeastern United States , and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . It is the seat of Duval County , with which the city government consolidated in 1968 . Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits . As of 2018 , Jacksonville 's population was estimated to be 903,889 . The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,523,615 and is the fourth largest metropolitan area in Florida . Jacksonville is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeast Florida , about 25 miles ( 40 km ) south of the Georgia state line and 328 miles ( 528 km ) north of Miami . The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast . The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people , and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline , one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States . Under British rule , a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed , known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British . A platted town was established there in 1822 , a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain ; it was named after Andrew Jackson , the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States . Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port . Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport , Naval Air Station Jacksonville , the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command , and the Port of Jacksonville , Florida 's third largest seaport .
The Victory ship was a class of cargo ship produced in large numbers by North American shipyards during World War II to replace losses caused by German submarines . They were a more modern design compared to the earlier Liberty ship , were slightly larger and had more powerful steam turbine engines giving higher speed to allow participation in high speed convoys and make them more difficult targets for German U-boats . A total of 531 Victory ships were built .
The Southeastern Shipbuilding Corporation was formed in Savannah , Georgia , during World War II to build Liberty ships .
Savannah ( /səˈvænə/ ) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County . Established in 1733 on the Savannah River , the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia . A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War , Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport . It is Georgia 's fifth-largest city , with a 2018 estimated population of 145,862 . The Savannah metropolitan area , Georgia 's third-largest , had an estimated population of 389,494 in 2018 . Each year Savannah attracts millions of visitors to its cobblestone streets , parks , and notable historic buildings . These buildings include the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low ( founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA ) , the Georgia Historical Society ( the oldest continually operating historical society in the South ) , the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences ( one of the South 's first public museums ) , the First African Baptist Church ( one of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States ) , Temple Mickve Israel ( the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S. ) , and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex ( the oldest standing antebellum rail facility in the U.S. ) . Savannah 's downtown area , which includes the Savannah Historic District , the Savannah Victorian Historic District , and 22 parklike squares , is one of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States ( designated by the U.S. government in 1966 ) . [ a ] Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town plan prescribed by founder James Oglethorpe ( a design now known as the Oglethorpe Plan ) . Savannah was the host city for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta .
USS Fond du Lac ( APA-166 ) was a Haskell-class attack transport acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for the task of transporting troops to and from combat areas .
Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation was a World War II emergency shipyard located along the Willamette River in Portland , Oregon , United States . The shipyard built nearly 600 Liberty and Victory ships between 1941 and 1945 under the Emergency Shipbuilding program . It was closed after the war ended . The shipyard , one of three Kaiser Shipyards in the area , was in the St. Johns neighborhood of North Portland . The two others were the Swan Island Shipyard , located several miles upriver on Swan Island ; and the Vancouver Shipyard , located across the Columbia River from Portland in Vancouver , Washington . Among the ships built by Oregon Shipbuilding was the Star of Oregon , which was launched on Liberty Fleet Day , September 27 , 1941 . The rapid expansion of Portland area shipyards during World War II and contraction afterward caused similar expansion and contraction of the population of Vanport City , Oregon , which was also built by Henry J. Kaiser to house the workers of the three area shipyards . The former site of Oregon Shipbuilding in St. Johns is now Schnitzer Steel Industries .
Portland ( /ˈpɔːrtlənd/ ; PORT-lənd ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County . It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest , at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers . As of 2018 , Portland had an estimated population of 653,115 , making it the 25th most populated city in the United States , and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle . Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area ( MSA ) , making it the 25th most populous in the United States . Its combined statistical area ( CSA ) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million . Approximately 60% of Oregon 's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area . [ a ] Named after Portland , Maine , the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail . Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods , and the timber industry was a major force in the city 's early economy . At the turn of the 20th century , the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world , a hub for organized crime and racketeering . After the city 's economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II , its hard-edged reputation began to dissipate . Beginning in the 1960s , Portland became noted for its growing progressive political values , earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture . The city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro , the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States .
Hundreds of Empire ships were employed by the Government of the United Kingdom . They were acquired from a number of sources : many were built for the government ; others obtained from the United States ; still others were captured or seized from enemy powers . Empire ships were mostly used during World War II by the Ministry of War Transport ( MoWT ) , which owned the ships but contracted out their management to various shipping lines ; however , some ships requisitioned during the Suez Crisis were also named as Empire ships . Most Empire ships have since been lost or scrapped ; however a few still remain in active service or preserved .