List of National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi
National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi
Table:
[1]

Landmark name

Image

Date designated[2]

Location
County

Description

1

Ammadelle

Ammadelle

May 30, 1974
(#74001064)

Oxford
34°22′21″N 89°31′06″W﻿ / ﻿34.372615°N 89.518443°W﻿ / 34.372615; -89.518443﻿ (Ammadelle)
Lafayette

Italianate villa built in 1859, designed by Calvert Vaux.

2

Anna Site

Anna Site

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September 14, 1993
(#93001606)

Natchez
31°41′43″N 91°20′59″W﻿ / ﻿31.695381°N 91.349769°W﻿ / 31.695381; -91.349769﻿ (Anna Site)
Adams

A Plaquemine culture archaeological site.

3

Arlington

Arlington

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May 30, 1974
(#73000999)

Natchez
31°33′10″N 91°23′33″W﻿ / ﻿31.552778°N 91.3925°W﻿ / 31.552778; -91.3925﻿ (Arlington)
Adams

Early historic home.

4

Auburn

Auburn

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May 30, 1974
(#74001047)

Natchez
31°32′44″N 91°23′27″W﻿ / ﻿31.54565°N 91.390733°W﻿ / 31.54565; -91.390733﻿ (Auburn)
Adams

Early historic home.

5

Beauvoir

Beauvoir

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November 7, 1993
(#71000448)

Biloxi
30°23′33″N 88°51′46″W﻿ / ﻿30.392509°N 88.862787°W﻿ / 30.392509; -88.862787﻿ (Beauvoir)
Harrison

Post-war home and library of Confederate President Jefferson Davis, damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, restored by 2008.

6

Champion Hill Battlefield

Champion Hill Battlefield

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May 5, 1977
(#71000450)

Bolton
32°19′12″N 90°32′33″W﻿ / ﻿32.32°N 90.5425°W﻿ / 32.32; -90.5425﻿ (Champion Hill Battlefield)
Hinds

A turning point of the American Civil War.

7

Commercial Bank and Banker's House

Commercial Bank and Banker's House

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May 30, 1974
(#74002252)

Natchez
31°33′41″N 91°24′19″W﻿ / ﻿31.561482°N 91.405185°W﻿ / 31.561482; -91.405185﻿ (Commercial Bank and Banker's House)
Adams

Unusual dual-function building.

8

Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites

Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites

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May 6, 1991
(#91001050)

Corinth, MS and Hardeman County, TN
34°56′02″N 88°31′19″W﻿ / ﻿34.934°N 88.522°W﻿ / 34.934; -88.522﻿ (Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites)
Alcorn

Corinth battlefield - Corinth and Hardeman County, TN

9

Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty Site

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June 19, 1996
(#73001024)

Macon
33°00′36″N 88°45′15″W﻿ / ﻿33.009878°N 88.754175°W﻿ / 33.009878; -88.754175﻿ (Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty Site)
Noxubee

Gathering place of Choctaw Indians, site of 1830 treaty leading to their relocation west of the Mississippi River.

10

Dunleith

Dunleith

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December 2, 1974
(#72000684)

Natchez
31°32′59″N 91°23′57″W﻿ / ﻿31.549717°N 91.399147°W﻿ / 31.549717; -91.399147﻿ (Dunleith)
Adams

A Natchez mansion built in 1855.

11

Emerald Mound Site

Emerald Mound Site

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December 29, 1989
(#88002618)

Stanton
31°38′10″N 91°14′50″W﻿ / ﻿31.636106°N 91.247228°W﻿ / 31.636106; -91.247228﻿ (Emerald Mound Site)
Adams

A Plaquemine culture archaeological site.

12

Medgar Evers House

Medgar Evers House

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February 16, 2017
(#100000791)

Jackson
32°20′27″N 90°12′45″W﻿ / ﻿32.340899°N 90.212605°W﻿ / 32.340899; -90.212605﻿ (Medgar Evers House)
Hinds

Home of civil rights activist Medgar Evers.

13

William Faulkner House

William Faulkner House

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May 23, 1968
(#68000028)

Oxford
34°21′35″N 89°31′29″W﻿ / ﻿34.3598°N 89.5247°W﻿ / 34.3598; -89.5247﻿ (William Faulkner House)
Lafayette

Well-preserved mansion where author William Faulkner lived and wrote.

14

Fort St. Pierre Site

Fort St. Pierre Site

July 19, 1964
(#00000263)

Vicksburg
32°29′44″N 90°47′55″W﻿ / ﻿32.495692°N 90.798533°W﻿ / 32.495692; -90.798533﻿ (Fort St. Pierre Site)
Warren

Site of French fort during 1719-1729, important for use in dating other archaeological sites due to its integrity and brief period of use.

15

Grand Village of the Natchez

Grand Village of the Natchez

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July 19, 1964
(#66000408)

Natchez
31°31′31″N 91°22′54″W﻿ / ﻿31.525205°N 91.381638°W﻿ / 31.525205; -91.381638﻿ (Grand Village of the Natchez)
Adams

Village and archaeological site of the Plaquemine culture and their descendants the Natchez .

16

Hester Site

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January 3, 2001
(#75001051)

Amory

Monroe

Archaeological site, a campsite used by Paleo-Indian and Archaic peoples in 9000-7000 BC.

17

Highland Park Dentzel Carousel

Highland Park Dentzel Carousel

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February 27, 1987
(#87000863)

Meridian
32°22′28″N 88°43′05″W﻿ / ﻿32.37455°N 88.71793°W﻿ / 32.37455; -88.71793﻿ (Highland Park Dentzel Carousel)
Lauderdale

German-American built carousel within Highland Park.

18

Holly Bluff Site

Holly Bluff Site

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July 19, 1964
(#66000412)

Holly Bluff
32°48′51″N 90°40′59″W﻿ / ﻿32.814103°N 90.68295°W﻿ / 32.814103; -90.68295﻿ (Holly Bluff Site)
Yazoo

A Plaquemine Mississippian culture archaeological site.

19

House on Ellicott's Hill

House on Ellicott's Hill

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May 30, 1974
(#74001050)

Natchez
31°33′48″N 91°24′14″W﻿ / ﻿31.563196°N 91.403806°W﻿ / 31.563196; -91.403806﻿ (House on Ellicott's Hill)
Adams

NRHP 74001050

20

Jaketown Site

Jaketown Site

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December 14, 1990
(#73001017)

Belzoni
33°14′14″N 90°29′13″W﻿ / ﻿33.237095°N 90.487026°W﻿ / 33.237095; -90.487026﻿ (Jaketown Site)
Humphreys

An archaeological site.

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Ammadelle is a historic house at 637 North Lamar Street in Oxford , Mississippi . Built in 1859 , it is an Italianate mansion designed by Calvert Vaux , which he regarded as one of his finest works . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974 .
Oxford is a city in , and the county seat of , Lafayette County , Mississippi , United States . Founded in 1837 , it was named after the British university city of Oxford in hopes of having the state university located there , which it did successfully attract . As of the 2010 US Census , the population is 18,916 ; the Census Bureau estimates the city 's 2017 population at 23,639 . Oxford is the home of the University of Mississippi , founded in 1848 , also commonly known as Ole Miss .
Lafayette County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 47,351 . Its county seat is Oxford . The local pronunciation of the name is la-FAY-et . The county 's name honors Marquis de Lafayette , a French military hero and American general who fought during the American Revolutionary War . The Oxford , MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Lafayette County . The County is policed by the Lafayette County Sheriff 's Department . Lafayette County is often regarded as the inspiration for Yoknapatawpha County , the fictional setting of many of William Faulkner 's stories .
The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture . In the Italianate style , the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture , which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and Neoclassicism , were synthesised with picturesque aesthetics . The style of architecture that was thus created , though also characterised as Neo-Renaissance , was essentially of its own time . The backward look transforms its object , Siegfried Giedion wrote of historicist architectural styles ; every spectator at every period - at every moment , indeed - inevitably transforms the past according to his own nature . The Italianate style was first developed in Britain in about 1802 by John Nash , with the construction of Cronkhill in Shropshire . This small country house is generally accepted to be the first Italianate villa in England , from which is derived the Italianate architecture of the late Regency and early Victorian eras . The Italianate style was further developed and popularised by the architect Sir Charles Barry in the 1830s . Barry 's Italianate style ( occasionally termed Barryesque ) drew heavily for its motifs on the buildings of the Italian Renaissance , though sometimes at odds with Nash 's semi-rustic Italianate villas . The style was not confined to England and was employed in varying forms , long after its decline in popularity in Britain , throughout Northern Europe and the British Empire . From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States , where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis .
Calvert Vaux ( /vɔːks/ ; December 20 , 1824 - November 19 , 1895 ) was a British-American architect and landscape designer . Vaux is best known as the co-designer , along with his protégé and junior partner Frederick Law Olmsted , of what would become New York City 's Central Park . Vaux , on his own and in various partnerships , designed and created dozens of parks across the United States . He introduced new ideas about the significance of public parks in America during a hectic time of urbanization . This industrialization of the cityscape inspired Vaux to focus on an integration of buildings , bridges , and other forms of architecture into their natural surroundings . He favored naturalistic , rustic , and curvilinear lines in his designs .
The Anna Site ( 22 AD 500 ) is a prehistoric Plaquemine culture archaeological site located in Adams County , Mississippi 10 miles ( 16 km ) north of Natchez . It is the type site for the Anna Phase ( 1200 to 1350 CE ) of the Natchez Bluffs Plaquemine culture chronology . It was declared a National Historic Landmark on September 14 , 1993 .
Natchez ( /ˈnætʃɪz/ ) is the county seat and only city of Adams County , Mississippi , United States . Natchez has a total population of 15,792 ( as of the 2010 census ) . Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia in Concordia Parish , Louisiana , Natchez was a prominent city in the antebellum years , a center of cotton planters and Mississippi River trade . Natchez is some 90 miles ( 140 km ) southwest of Jackson , the capital of Mississippi , which is located near the center of the state . It is approximately 85 miles ( 137 km ) north of Baton Rouge , Louisiana , located on the lower Mississippi River . Natchez is the 25th-largest city in the state . The city was named for the Natchez tribe of Native Americans , who with their ancestors , inhabited much of the area from the 8th century AD through the French colonial period .
Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 32,297 . The county seat is Natchez . The county is the first to have been organized in the former Mississippi Territory . It is named for the second President of the United States , John Adams , who held that office when the county was organized in 1799 . Adams County is part of the Natchez micropolitan area which consists of Adams County , Mississippi and Concordia Parish , Louisiana .
The Plaquemine culture was an archaeological culture ( circa 1200 to 1700 CE ) centered on the Lower Mississippi River valley . It had a deep history in the area stretching back through the earlier Coles Creek ( 700-1200 CE ) and Troyville cultures ( 400-700 CE ) to the Marksville culture ( 100 BCE to 400 CE ) . The Natchez and related Taensa peoples were their historic period descendants . The type site for the culture is the Medora Site in Louisiana ; while other examples include the Anna , Emerald , Holly Bluff , and Winterville sites in Mississippi .
An archaeological site is a place ( or group of physical sites ) in which evidence of past activity is preserved ( either prehistoric or historic or contemporary ) , and which has been , or may be , investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record . Sites may range from those with few or no remains visible above ground , to buildings and other structures still in use . Beyond this , the definition and geographical extent of a site can vary widely , depending on the period studied and the theoretical approach of the archaeologist .
Arlington is a historic Federal style house and outbuildings in Natchez , Mississippi . The 55-acre ( 22 ha ) property , which includes three contributing buildings , was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 . It was further declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 . Following a fire that destroyed much of the main house , it was placed on Mississippi 's 10 most endangered historic places for 2009 by the Mississippi Heritage Trust .
Auburn is an antebellum mansion in Duncan Park in Natchez , Mississippi . It was designed and constructed by Levi Weeks in 1812 , and was the first building to exhibit Greek Revival order in the town . Its prominent two-story Greek portico served as a model for the subsequent architectural development of local mansions . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 and a Mississippi Landmark in 1984 .
The Beauvoir estate is notable as the historic post-war home ( 1876-1889 ) of the former President of the Confederate States of America , Jefferson Davis , ( 1807/08-1889 ) . Its construction was begun in 1848 facing the Gulf Coastline ( Gulf of Mexico ) at Biloxi , Mississippi . It was purchased earlier in 1873 by the planter Samuel Dorsey and his wife Sarah Dorsey . After her husband 's death in 1875 , the widow , Sarah Ellis Dorsey learned of former Confederate President Jefferson Davis ' difficulties . She invited him to visit at the plantation and offered him a cottage near the main house , where he could live and work at his memoirs ( Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government ) . He ended up living there the rest of his life . The house and plantation have since been designated as a National Historic Landmark , recognized and listed by the U.S. Department of the Interior and its National Park Service ( established 1916 ) . Ill with cancer , in 1878 Sarah Ellis Dorsey remade her will , bequeathing her entire estate , including Beauvoir to Jefferson Davis making his youngest daughter , Varina Anne Davis , known as Winnie , the residuary legatee , inheriting after her father died . His wife , Winnie 's mother , Varina Howell Davis , was also living there . The three Davises lived there until former President Davis ' death in 1889 . Davis ' widow , Varina Howell Davis , and their daughter , Winnie , moved to New York City in 1891 . After the death of Varina Anne Davis ( Winnie ) in 1898 , Varina Howell Davis inherited the plantation .
Biloxi ( /bɪˈlʌksi/ bi-LUK-see ; French : [ bilusi ] ) is a city and one of two county seats of Harrison County , Mississippi , United States ( the other seat being the adjoining city of Gulfport ) . The 2010 United States Census recorded the population as 44,054 , and in 2018 the estimated population was 45,968 . The area was first settled by French colonists . The city is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi metropolitan area and the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula , MS Combined Statistical Area . Pre-Katrina , Biloxi was the third-largest city in Mississippi , behind Jackson and Gulfport . Due to the widespread destruction and flooding , many refugees left the city . Post-Katrina , the population of Biloxi decreased , and it became the fifth-largest city in the state , being surpassed by Hattiesburg and Southaven . The beachfront of Biloxi lies directly on the Mississippi Sound , with barrier islands scattered off the coast and into the Gulf of Mexico . Keesler Air Force Base lies within the city and is home to the 81st Training Wing and the 403d Wing of the U.S. Air Force Reserve .
Harrison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 187,105 , making it the second-most populous county in Mississippi . Its county seats are Biloxi and Gulfport . The county is named after U.S. President William Henry Harrison . Harrison County is part of the Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula , MS Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county was severely damaged from both Hurricane Camille on August 17 , 1969 and Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , causing catastrophic effects .
Jefferson Finis Davis [ a ] ( June 3 , 1808 - December 6 , 1889 ) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865 . As a member of the Democratic Party , he represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives before the American Civil War . He previously served as the United States Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce . Davis was born in Fairview , Kentucky , to a moderately prosperous farmer , the youngest of ten children . He grew up in Wilkinson County , Mississippi , and also lived in Louisiana . His eldest brother Joseph Emory Davis secured the younger Davis 's appointment to the United States Military Academy . After graduating , Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the United States Army . He fought in the Mexican-American War ( 1846-1848 ) , as the colonel of a volunteer regiment . Before the American Civil War , he operated a large cotton plantation in Mississippi , which his brother Joseph gave him , and owned as many as 113 slaves . Although Davis argued against secession in 1858 , he believed that states had an unquestionable right to leave the Union . Davis married Sarah Knox Taylor , daughter of general and future President Zachary Taylor , in 1835 , when he was 27 years old . They were both stricken with malaria soon thereafter , and Sarah died after three months of marriage .
Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive tropical cyclone on record , tied with Hurricane Harvey in 2017 , causing $ 125 billion in damage , particularly in the city of New Orleans and the surrounding areas , and over 1,200 deaths . The storm was the third major hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season , and the fourth-most intense Atlantic hurricane on record to make landfall in the contiguous United States , behind only the 1935 Labor Day hurricane , Hurricane Camille in 1969 , and Hurricane Michael in 2018 . Katrina originated on August 23 , 2005 as a tropical depression from the merger of a tropical wave and the remnants of Tropical Depression Ten . Early the following day , the depression intensified into a tropical storm as it headed generally westward toward Florida , strengthening into a hurricane two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach on August 25 . After briefly weakening to tropical storm strength over southern Florida , Katrina emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 26 and began to rapidly intensify . The storm strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico before weakening to Category 3 strength at its second landfall on August 29 over southeast Louisiana and Mississippi . Over fifty breaches in surge protection levees surrounding the city of New Orleans , Louisiana caused of the majority of the death and destruction during Katrina . Eventually , 80% of the city , as well as large tracts of neighboring parishes , were inundated for weeks . The flooding also destroyed most of New Orleans ' transportation and communication facilities , leaving tens of thousands of people who had not evacuated the city prior to landfall stranded with little access to food , shelter or basic necessities . The scale of the disaster in New Orleans provoked massive national and international response efforts ; federal , local and private rescue operations evacuated displaced persons out of the city over the following weeks . Multiple investigations in the aftermath of the storm concluded that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , which had designed and built the region 's levees decades earlier , was responsible for the failure of the flood-control systems , though federal courts later ruled that the Corps could not be held financially liable because of sovereign immunity in the Flood Control Act of 1928 . The emergency response from federal , state and local governments was widely criticized , resulting in the resignations of Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) director Michael D. Brown and New Orleans Police Department ( NOPD ) Superintendent Eddie Compass .
The Battle of Champion Hill , fought May 16 , 1863 , was the pivotal battle in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War ( 1861-1865 ) . Union Army commander Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursued the retreating Confederate States Army , under Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton and defeated his army twenty miles to the east of Vicksburg , Mississippi , leading inevitably to the Siege of Vicksburg and surrender . The battle is also known as Baker 's Creek .
Bolton is a town in Hinds County , Mississippi , United States . The population was 567 at the 2010 census , down from 629 at the 2000 census . It is part of the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area .
Hinds County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 245,285 , making it the most populous county in Mississippi . Its county seats are Raymond and Jackson , the state capital . The county is named for General Thomas Hinds , a hero of the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 . Hinds County is a central part of the Jackson , MS Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is a professional , educational , business and industrial hub in the state . It is bordered on the northwest by the Big Black River and on the east by the Pearl River . It is one county width away from the Yazoo River and the southern border of the Mississippi Delta . In the 19th century , the rural areas of the county were devoted to cotton plantations worked by enslaved African Americans and depended on agriculture well into the 20th century . From 1877 to 1950 , this county had 22 lynchings , the highest number in the state . Mississippi has the highest total number of lynchings of any state .
The American Civil War ( also known by other names ) was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865 , fought between the northern United States ( loyal to the Union ) and the southern United States ( that had seceded from the Union and formed the Confederacy ) . [ e ] The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people . War broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States . The loyalists of the Union in the North , which also included some geographically western and southern states , proclaimed support for the Constitution . They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South , who advocated for states ' rights in order to uphold slavery . Of the 34 U.S. states in February 1861 , seven Southern slave states were declared by their state governments to have seceded from the country , and the Confederate States of America was organized in rebellion against the U.S. constitutional government . The Confederacy grew to control at least a majority of territory in eleven states , and it claimed the additional states of Kentucky and Missouri by assertions from native secessionists fleeing Union authority . These states were given full representation in the Confederate Congress throughout the Civil War . The two remaining slave states , Delaware and Maryland , were invited to join the Confederacy , but nothing substantial developed due to intervention by federal troops . The Confederate states were never diplomatically recognized as a joint entity by the government of the United States , nor by that of any foreign country . [ f ] The states that remained loyal to the U.S. were known as the Union . [ g ] The Union and the Confederacy quickly raised volunteer and conscription armies that fought mostly in the South over the course of four years .
The Commercial Bank and Banker 's House is an unusual combination building , housing both a bank premises and the principal banker 's residence , at 206 Main Street and 107 Canal Street in Natchez , Mississippi . Built-in 1833 , it is a remarkably high-quality and well-preserved example of Greek Revival architecture . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974 . The bank portion of the building , used for a time by a Christian Science congregation , is presently vacant , while the house portion is a private residence .
The Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites are a National Historic Landmark District encompassing surviving elements of three significant American Civil War engagements in and near Corinth , Mississippi . Included are landscape and battlefield features of the Siege of Corinth ( April 29 to June 10 , 1862 ) , the Second Battle of Corinth ( October 3-4 , 1862 ) , and the lesser Battle of Hatchie 's Bridge on October 5 , 1862 . The district includes features located in both Alcorn County , Mississippi and Hardeman County , Tennessee , with some of the former preserved as part of Shiloh National Military Park . It was designated a landmark in 1991 .
Corinth is a city in and the county seat of Alcorn County , Mississippi , United States . The population was 14,573 at the 2010 census . Its ZIP codes are 38834 and 38835 . It lies on the state line with Tennessee .
Hardeman County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2010 census , the population was 27,253 . Its county seat is Bolivar .
Alcorn County is a county located in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 37,057 . Its county seat is Corinth . The county is named in honor of Governor James L. Alcorn . The Corinth Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Alcorn County .
Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields . The main section of the park is in the unincorporated town of Shiloh , about nine miles ( 14 km ) south of Savannah , Tennessee , with an additional area located in the city of Corinth , Mississippi , 23 miles ( 37 km ) southwest of Shiloh . The Battle of Shiloh began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth . Afterward , Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege , then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack . The visitor center provides exhibitions , films and a self-guided auto-tour .
The Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty Site is a historic Choctaw Native American gathering place in rural Noxubee County , Mississippi . Located near a freshwater spring above the floodplain of Dancing Rabbit Creek in the southwestern part of the county , it was the site of a treaty negotiation between the Choctaw and the federal government in 1830 , resulting in the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek , in which the Choctaw agreed to surrender their ancestral lands for territory in what is now Oklahoma . It was the first treaty negotiated after passage of the Indian Removal Act , and served as a model for other treaties passed pursuant to that act . It also led to the Choctaw Trail of Tears . The site , now marked by a stone memorial and a small Choctaw cemetery , was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1996 .
Macon is a city in Noxubee County , Mississippi along the Noxubee River . The population was 2,768 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Noxubee County .
Noxubee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 11,545 . Its county seat is Macon . The name is derived from the Choctaw word nakshobi meaning to stink .
The Choctaw ( Choctaw : Chahta ) [ note 1 ] are a Native American people originally occupying what is now the Southeastern United States ( modern-day Alabama , Florida , Mississippi and Louisiana ) . Their Choctaw language belongs to the Muskogean language family group . They are believed to be descended from the peoples of the Hopewell and Mississippian cultures , who lived throughout the east of the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries . About 1,700 years ago , the Hopewell people built Nanih Waiya , a great earthwork mound in what is present-day central Mississippi . It is still considered sacred by the Choctaw , who regained control of the site in 2008 . The anthropologist John Reed Swanton suggested that the Choctaw derived their name from an early leader . Henry Halbert , a historian , suggests that their name is derived from the Choctaw phrase Hacha hatak ( river people ) . The early Spanish explorers of the mid-16th century in the Southeast encountered Mississippian-culture villages and chiefs . The Choctaw coalesced as a people in the 17th century , and developed three distinct political and geographical divisions : eastern , western and southern . These groups sometimes formed distinct , independent alliances with European powers , including the French , based on the Gulf Coast and in Louisiana Territory ; the English of the Southeast ; and the Spanish of Florida and Louisiana during the colonial era . During the American Revolution , most Choctaw supported the Thirteen Colonies ' bid for independence from the British Empire . They never went to war against the United States , but were forcibly relocated in 1831-33 as part of Indian Removal , in order for the US to take over their land in the Southeast for development by European Americans .
Dunleith is an antebellum mansion at 84 Homochitto Street in Natchez , Mississippi . Built about 1855 , it is Mississippi 's only surviving example of a plantation house with a fully encircling colonnade of Greek Revival columns , a form once seen much more frequently than today . Now an inn and conference center , it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974 . Currently the original horse stable serves as a fine dining establishment with a traditional English pub in the lower levels of the structure
The Emerald Mound Site ( 22 AD 504 ) , also known as the Selsertown site , is a Plaquemine culture Mississippian period archaeological site located on the Natchez Trace Parkway near Stanton , Mississippi , United States . The site dates from the period between 1200 and 1730 CE . It is the type site for the Emerald Phase ( 1500 to 1680 CE ) of the Natchez Bluffs Plaquemine culture chronology and was still in use by the later historic Natchez people for their main ceremonial center . The platform mound is the second-largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the country , after Monk 's Mound at Cahokia , Illinois . The mound covers eight acres , measuring 770 feet ( 230 m ) by 435 feet ( 133 m ) at the base and is 35 feet ( 11 m ) in height . Emerald Mound has a flat top with two smaller secondary mounds at each end . It was constructed around a natural hill . Travelers in the early 19th century noted a number of adjoining mounds and an encircling ditch that are no longer present.This site once had six other secondary mounds which were lost due to the plowing of the surface of the mound . Emerald Mound was stabilized by the National Park Service in 1955 . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989 . The mound is now managed by the Park Service 's Natchez Trace Parkway unit , and is open to the public .
Stanton is an unincorporated community in Adams County , Mississippi . It is the nearest community to Emerald Mound Site , a National Historic Landmark .
The Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument , also known as Medgar Evers House , is a historic house museum at 2332 Margaret Walker Alexander Drive in Jackson , Mississippi . Built in 1956 , it was the home of African-American civil rights activist Medgar Evers ( 1925-1963 ) at the time of his assassination . Now owned by Tougaloo College , the restored house is open for tours by appointment . It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2017 . The John D. Dingell , Jr. Conservation , Management , and Recreation Act , signed March 12 , 2019 , authorized it as a national monument , pending acquisition of property by the National Park Service .
Jackson , officially the City of Jackson , is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Mississippi . It is one of two county seats of Hinds County , along with Raymond , Mississippi . The city of Jackson also includes around 3,000 acres comprising Jackson-Medgar Evers International Airport in Rankin County and a small portion of Madison County . The city 's population was estimated to be 165,072 in 2017 , a decline from 173,514 in 2010 . The city sits on the Pearl River and is located in the greater Jackson Prairie region of Mississippi . Founded in 1821 as the site for a new state capital , the city is named after General Andrew Jackson , who was honored for his role in the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 and would later serve as U.S. president . Following the nearby Battle of Vicksburg in 1863 during the American Civil War , Union forces under the command of General William Tecumseh Sherman began the Siege of Jackson and the city was subsequently burned . During the 1920s , Jackson surpassed Meridian to become the most populous city in the state following a speculative natural gas boom in the region . The current slogan for the city is The City with Soul . It has had numerous musicians prominent in blues , gospel , folk , and jazz . Jackson is the anchor for the Jackson , Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is the state 's largest metropolitan area with a 2016 population of 579,332 , about one-fifth of Mississippi 's population .
Medgar Wiley Evers ( July 2 , 1925 - June 12 , 1963 ) was an American civil rights activist in Mississippi , the state 's field secretary for the NAACP , and a World War II veteran who had served in the United States Army . He worked to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi , end the segregation of public facilities , and expand opportunities for African Americans , which included the enforcement of voting rights . A college graduate , Evers became active in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s . Following the 1954 ruling of the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education that segregated public schools were unconstitutional , Evers challenged the segregation of the state-supported public University of Mississippi , applying to law school there . He also worked for voting rights , economic opportunity , access to public facilities , and other changes in the segregated society . Evers was awarded the 1963 NAACP Spingarn Medal . Evers was assassinated in 1963 by Byron De La Beckwith , a member of the White Citizens ' Council in Jackson , Mississippi . This group was formed in 1954 in Mississippi to resist the integration of schools and civil rights activism . As a veteran , Evers was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery . His murder and the resulting trials inspired civil rights protests ; his life and these events inspired numerous works of art , music , and film . All-white juries failed to reach verdicts in the first two trials of Beckwith in the 1960s . He was convicted in 1994 in a new state trial based on new evidence .
Rowan Oak , also known as William Faulkner House , is William Faulkner 's former home in Oxford , Mississippi . It is a primitive Greek Revival house built in the 1840s by Robert Sheegog . Faulkner purchased the house when it was in disrepair in the 1930s and did many of the renovations himself . Other renovations were done in the 1950s . The house sits on 4 landscaped and twenty nine acres of largely wooded property known as Bailey 's Woods . One of its more famous features is the outline of Faulkner 's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel A Fable , penciled in graphite and red on the plaster wall of his study . Though the rowan oak is a mythical tree , the grounds and surrounding woods of Rowan Oak contain hundreds of species of native Mississippi plants , most of which date back to antebellum times . The alley of cedars that lines the driveway was common in the 19th century . The studs of the house are 4x4 square cypress , which were hand-hewn . Faulkner drew much inspiration for his treatment of multi-layered Time from Rowan Oak , where past and future seemed to inhabit the present . In 1972 , his daughter , Jill Faulkner Summers , sold the house to the University of Mississippi . The University maintains the home in order to promote Faulkner 's literary heritage .
William Cuthbert Faulkner ( /ˈfɔːknər/ ; September 25 , 1897 - July 6 , 1962 ) was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford , Mississippi . Faulkner wrote novels , short stories , screenplays , poetry , essays , and a play . He is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County , based on Lafayette County , Mississippi , where he spent most of his life . Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally and Southern literature specifically . Though his work was published as early as 1919 and largely during the 1920s and 1930s , Faulkner 's renown reached its peak upon the publication of Malcolm Cowley 's The Portable Faulkner and his 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature , making him the only Mississippi-born Nobel winner . Two of his works , A Fable ( 1954 ) and his last novel The Reivers ( 1962 ) , each won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction . In 1998 , the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century ; also on the list were As I Lay Dying ( 1930 ) and Light in August ( 1932 ) . Absalom , Absalom ! ( 1936 ) appears on similar lists . [ citation needed ]
Fort St. Pierre was a colonial French fortified outpost on the Yazoo River in what is now Warren County , Mississippi . Also known as Fort St. Claude and the Yazoo Post , it was established in 1719 and served as the northernmost outpost of French Louisiana . It was destroyed in 1729 by Native Americans and was not rebuilt . Its location , north of Vicksburg on the east bank of the river , was discovered by archaeologists in the 1970s , and was given the Smithsonian trinomial 23-M-5 . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000 .
Vicksburg is a historic American city , located on a high bluff on the east bank of the Mississippi River across from Louisiana . Originally built by French colonists in 1719 , the outpost withstood an attack from the native Natchez people . It was incorporated as Vicksburg in 1825 after Methodist missionary Newitt Vick . In the American Civil War , it was a key Confederate river-port , and its surrender to Ulysses S. Grant in July 1863 marked the turning-point of the war . Vicksburg then had a troubled history of racial conflict , well into the 20th century . The city is home to three large installations of the US Army Corps of Engineers , which has often been involved in local flood control . Vicksburg is the county seat of Warren County , Mississippi , with a population of 23,856 at the 2010 census .
Warren County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 48,773 . Its county seat is Vicksburg . Created by legislative act of 22 December 1809 , Warren County is named for American Revolutionary War officer Joseph Warren . Part of the Mississippi Delta and the historic cotton culture , Warren County is included in the Vicksburg , MS Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Jackson-Vicksburg-Brookhaven , MS Combined Statistical Area .
Grand Village of the Natchez , ( 22 AD 501 ) also known as the Fatherland Site , is a 128.1-acre ( 0.518 km2 ) site encompassing a prehistoric indigenous village and earthwork mounds in present-day south Natchez , Mississippi . The village complex was constructed starting about 1200 CE by members of the prehistoric Plaquemine culture . They built the three platform mounds in stages . Another phase of significant construction work by these prehistoric people has been dated to the mid-15th century . It was named for the historic Natchez people , who used the site in the 17th and 18th centuries . In the early 18th century , when the historic Natchez people occupied the site , they added to the mounds . The village was the Natchez tribe 's main political and religious ceremonial center in the late 17th and early 18th centuries , according to historical and archaeological evidence . It replaced the Emerald Mound Site in this role . After suffering a 1730 military defeat by French settlers , the Natchez abandoned the site and moved away . In the early 19th century , the land was privately owned and cultivated as part of the Fatherland Plantation . Archaeological excavations started in 1930 , and three mounds were found . ( They had been partially buried by loess soils , with some erosion due to St. Catherine 's Creek . )
The Natchez ( /ˈnætʃəz/ ; Natchez pronunciation [ naːʃt͡seh ] ) are a Native American people who originally lived in the Natchez Bluffs area in the Lower Mississippi Valley , near the present-day city of Natchez , Mississippi in the United States . They spoke a language with no known close relatives , although it may be very distantly related to the Muskogean languages of the Creek Confederacy . The Natchez are noted for being the only Mississippian culture with complex chiefdom characteristics to have survived long into the period after the European colonization of America began . Others had generally declined a century or two before European encounter . The Natchez are also noted for having had an unusual social system of nobility classes and exogamous marriage practices . It was a strongly matrilineal kinship society , with descent reckoned along female lines . The paramount chief named the Great Sun was always the son of the Female Sun , whose daughter would be the mother of the next Great Sun . This ensured that the chiefdom stayed under the control of the single Sun lineage . Ethnologists have not reached consensus on how the Natchez social system originally functioned , and the topic is somewhat controversial . Around 1730 , after several wars with the French , the Natchez were defeated and dispersed . Most survivors were sold by the French into slavery in the West Indies ; others took refuge with other tribes , such as the Muskogean Chickasaw and Creek , and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee . Today , most Natchez families and communities are found in Oklahoma , where Natchez members are enrolled in the federally recognized Cherokee and Muscogee ( Creek ) nations in Oklahoma .
Hester Site ( known by the two Smithsonian trinomials 22MO569 and 22MO1011 ) is a major prehistoric archaeological site in Monroe County , Mississippi . It is a multicomponent site whose major occupation took place during the Archaic period with artifacts dating from 9000-8000 BCE , and other occupations during the Woodland and Mississippian periods . The site is one of the largest Archaic sites in the southeastern United States , and its well-stratified nature was critical in providing for accurate relative dating of finds at other sites throughout the region . The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001 .
Amory is a city in Monroe County , Mississippi , United States . The population was 7,316 as of the 2010 census .
Monroe County is a county on the northeast border of the U.S. state of Mississippi next to Alabama . As of the 2010 census , the population was 36,989 . Its county seat is Aberdeen .
Paleo-Indians , Paleoindians or Paleoamericans , were the first peoples who entered , and subsequently inhabited , the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period . The prefix paleo- comes from the Greek adjective palaios ( παλαιός ) , meaning old or ancient . The term Paleo-Indians applies specifically to the lithic period in the Western Hemisphere and is distinct from the term Paleolithic . Traditional theories suggest that big-animal hunters crossed the Bering Strait from North Asia into the Americas over a land-and-ice bridge ( Beringia ) . This bridge existed from 45,000 to 12,000 BCE ( 47,000-14,000 BP ) . Small isolated groups of hunter-gatherers migrated alongside herds of large herbivores far into Alaska . From c. 16,500 - c. 13,500 BCE ( c. 18,500 - c. 15,500 BP ) , ice-free corridors developed along the Pacific coast and valleys of North America . This allowed animals , followed by humans , to migrate south into the interior of the continent . The people went on foot or used primitive boats along the coastline . The precise dates and routes of the peopling of the New World remain subjects of ongoing debate . At least two morphologically different Paleo-Indian populations were coexisting in different geographical areas of Mexico 10,000 years ago . Stone tools , particularly projectile points and scrapers , are the primary evidence of the earliest human activity in the Americas .
In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America , the Archaic period in North America , taken to last from around 8500 to 3000 BC in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages , is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development . The Archaic stage is characterized by subsistence economies supported through the exploitation of nuts , seeds , and shellfish . As its ending is defined by the adoption of sedentary farming , this date can vary significantly across the Americas . The rest of the Americas also have an Archaic Period .
The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building is a carousel and building in Highland Park in Meridian , Mississippi . Manufactured about 1896 for the 1904 St. Louis Exposition by the Dentzel Carousel Company of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , the carousel was sold and shipped to Meridian . Highland Park Dentzel Carousel has been in operation since 1909 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987 . It is the only remaining two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in the world . Its closest contemporaries both are held in Indiana . The Children 's Museum carousel , also called The Carousel of Wishes and Dreams in Indianapolis , was probably manufactured pre-1900 . It is not a pure Dentzel product , though ; much of the original carousel has been modified from its original design . In Logansport , the Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel has been partially restored . It is dated between 1900 and 1903 , although it may predate 1900 as well .
Meridian is the seventh largest city in the state of Mississippi , United States . It is the county seat of Lauderdale County and the principal city of the Meridian , Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area . Along major highways , the city is 93 mi ( 150 km ) east of Jackson , Mississippi ; 154 mi ( 248 km ) southwest of Birmingham , Alabama ; 202 mi ( 325 km ) northeast of New Orleans , Louisiana ; and 231 mi ( 372 km ) southeast of Memphis , Tennessee . Established in 1860 , at the junction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and Southern Railway of Mississippi , Meridian built an economy based on the railways and goods transported on them , and it became a strategic trading center . During the American Civil War , General William Tecumseh Sherman burned much of the city to the ground in the Battle of Meridian ( February 1864 ) . Rebuilt after the war , the city entered a Golden Age . It became the largest city in Mississippi between 1890 and 1930 , and a leading center for manufacturing in the South , with 44 trains arriving and departing daily . Union Station , built in 1906 , is now a multi-modal center , with access to Amtrak and Greyhound Buses averaging 242,360 passengers per year . Although the economy slowed with the decline of the railroad industry , the city has diversified , with healthcare , military , and manufacturing employing the most people in 2010 . The population within the city limits , according to 2008 census estimates , is 38,232 , but a population of 232,900 in a 45-mile ( 72 km ) radius and 526,500 in a 65-mile ( 105 km ) radius , of which 104,600 and 234,200 people respectively are in the labor force , feeds the economy of the city . The area is served by two military facilities , Naval Air Station Meridian and Key Field , which employ over 4,000 people . NAS Meridian is home to the Regional Counter-Drug Training Academy ( RCTA ) and the first local Department of Homeland Security in the state .
Lauderdale County is a county located on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 80,261 . The county seat is Meridian . The county is named for Colonel James Lauderdale , who was killed at the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812 . Lauderdale County is included in the Meridian , MS Micropolitan Statistical Area .
Highland Park is a historic park in Meridian , Mississippi . Home to a museum honoring Jimmie Rodgers , a Meridian native , the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . The park is also home to the Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building , a National Historic Landmark manufactured around 1896 by Gustav Dentzel of Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The historic carousel is the only two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie still in existence .
The Holly Bluff Site ( 22 YZ 557 ) , sometimes known as the Lake George Site , and locally as The Mound Place , is an archaeological site that is a type site for the Lake George phase of the prehistoric Plaquemine culture period of the area . The site is on the southern margin of the Mississippian cultural advance down the Mississippi River and on the northern edge of that of the Cole 's Creek and Plaquemine cultures of the South . The site was first excavated by Clarence Bloomfield Moore in 1908 and tested by Philip Phillips , Paul Gebhard and Nick Zeigler in 1949 . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964 .
The Village of Holly Bluff is a small unincorporated community in Yazoo County , Mississippi , in the Mississippi Delta . Originally known as Sharbrough 's Landing to river boat pilots the community was established by the Sharbrough family in 1877 . Located on the Sunflower River , early delta cotton planters used the river to ship their cotton to Vicksburg and New Orleans .
Yazoo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 28,065 . The county seat is Yazoo City . It is named for the Yazoo River , which forms its western border . Its name is said to come from a Choctaw language word meaning River of Death .
The Plaquemine culture was an archaeological culture ( circa 1200 to 1700 CE ) centered on the Lower Mississippi River valley . It had a deep history in the area stretching back through the earlier Coles Creek ( 700-1200 CE ) and Troyville cultures ( 400-700 CE ) to the Marksville culture ( 100 BCE to 400 CE ) . The Natchez and related Taensa peoples were their historic period descendants . The type site for the culture is the Medora Site in Louisiana ; while other examples include the Anna , Emerald , Holly Bluff , and Winterville sites in Mississippi .
The House on Ellicott 's Hill , also known as Connelly 's Tavern , James Moore House , or Gilreath 's Hill , is a historic house museum at 211 North Canal Street in Natchez , Mississippi . Built in 1798 , it is the oldest surviving building in Natchez from its early territorial period . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 and a Mississippi Landmark in 2001 .
Jaketown Site ( 22 HU 505 ) is an archaeological site with two prehistoric earthwork mounds in Humphreys County , Mississippi , United States . While the mounds have not been excavated , distinctive pottery sherds found in the area lead scholars to date the mounds ' construction and use to the Mississippian culture period , roughly 1100 CE to 1500 CE . The site was a complex regional trade center that developed and was inhabited much earlier , from 2000-600 BCE , during the Poverty Point culture within the Late Archaic period of the United States . This culture is seen in more than 100 sites on both sides of the Mississippi River , from present-day Louisiana to Mississippi ; it also was linked to more distant areas through a trading network . The site has evidence of trade in raw materials and manufacture of finished items that were distributed through the network throughout the Eastern United States . The largest and most elaborate earthwork complex of the period is at Poverty Point , Louisiana . The mounds were constructed as part of a later , succeeding culture , built to mark the political and religious center of a chiefdom . There would have been numerous elite residences nearby , as well as structures to support certain crafts . Because of its importance of a regional trade center of the Poverty Point culture in the Archaic period , and long human occupation , the site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1990 . It is managed by the state of Mississippi . Mississippi Highway 7 is routed near the site , which is approximately seven miles north of Belzoni . Artifacts found in the area near the site are featured on display in the Jaketown Museum in Belzoni .
Belzoni ( /bɛlˈzoʊnə/ bel-ZOHN-ə ) is a city in Humphreys County , Mississippi , United States , in the Mississippi Delta region , on the Yazoo River . The population was 2,235 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Humphreys County . It was named for the 19th-century Italian archaeologist/explorer Giovanni Battista Belzoni . The area was named Farm-Raised Catfish Capital of the World in 1976 by then Governor Cliff Finch , since it produces more farm-raised catfish than any other U.S. county . About 40,000 acres ( 160 km2 ) of the county are under water in ponds used to grow catfish . About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish are grown within a 65-mile ( 100-km ) radius of Belzoni . The title Catfish Capital is also claimed by Savannah , Tennessee , Des Allemands , Louisiana , and Selkirk , Manitoba . Belzoni is known for the World Catfish Festival held every April .
Humphreys County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi . As of the 2010 census , the population was 9,375 . Its county seat is Belzoni . The county is named for Benjamin G. Humphreys . Humphreys County is Mississippi 's newest county , having been formed in 1918 . Humphreys County is located in the Mississippi Delta region . It was named 'Farm-Raised Catfish Capital of the World ' in 1976 by then Governor Cliff Finch , since it produced more farm-raised catfish than any other U.S. county . Forty thousand acres ( 160 square kilometers ) of the county are underwater and used to grow catfish . About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish is raised within a 65-mile ( 105 km ) radius of the county seat , Belzoni . The title Catfish Capital has also been claimed by Savannah , Tennessee , and Des Allemands , Louisiana .