21st United States Congress
Changes in membership -- Senate
Table:
State ( class )	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor 's formal installation

Georgia ( 3 )	John M. Berrien ( J )	Resigned March 9 , 1829 , to become U.S. Attorney General . Successor elected November 9 , 1829	John Forsyth ( J )	Installed November 9 , 1829

North Carolina ( 2 )	John Branch ( J )	Resigned March 9 , 1829 , after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Navy . Successor elected December 9 , 1829	Bedford Brown ( J )	Installed December 9 , 1829

Tennessee ( 1 )	John Eaton ( J )	Resigned March 9 , 1829 , after being appointed U.S. Secretary of War . Successor elected October 19 , 1829	Felix Grundy ( J )	Installed October 19 , 1829

Delaware ( 1 )	Louis McLane ( J )	Resigned April 29 , 1829 , to become U.S . Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom . Successor elected January 7 , 1830	Arnold Naudain ( AJ )	Installed January 7 , 1830

Mississippi ( 2 )	Thomas B. Reed ( J )	Died November 26 , 1829 . Successor elected January 6 , 1830	Robert H. Adams ( J )	Installed January 6 , 1830

Mississippi ( 2 )	Robert H. Adams ( J )	Died July 2 , 1830 . Successor appointed October 15 , 1830 , to continue the term , and subsequently elected	George Poindexter ( J )	Installed October 15 , 1830

Illinois ( 2 )	John McLean ( J )	Died October 14 , 1830 . Successor appointed November 12 , 1830 , to continue the term	David J. Baker ( J )	Installed November 12 , 1830

Illinois ( 2 )	David J. Baker ( J )	Appointee retired with elected successor qualified . Successor elected December 11 , 1830	John M. Robinson ( J )	Installed December 11 , 1830

Indiana ( 1 )	James Noble ( AJ )	Died February 26 , 1831 . Seat filled next Congress	Vacant	Not filled this Congress

Looking at the following table and the supplementary paragraphs listed below.

State the answer to the question: What is the state of the Vacator who helped draft the Force Bill in 1833 ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Georgia . Georgia has had Senators since the 1st Congress . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from February 1871 . United States senators are popularly elected , for a six-year term , beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the Georgia General Assembly , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . Rebecca Latimer Felton was the first female U.S. senator . She served in the U.S. Senate from Georgia for one day in 1922 , following appointment due to the death of Thomas E. Watson .
John Macpherson Berrien ( August 23 , 1781 - January 1 , 1856 ) of Georgia was a United States senator from Georgia and Andrew Jackson 's Attorney General .
The United States Attorney General ( AG ) is the head of the United States Department of Justice , the chief lawyer of the federal government of the United States , and a member of the Cabinet of the United States . Under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution , the officeholder is nominated by the President of the United States and appointed with the advice and consent of the United States Senate . The Attorney General is supported by the Office of the Attorney General , which includes executive staff and several deputies . The 85th and current United States Attorney General is William Barr , appointed by President Donald J. Trump .
In the United States Senate elections of 1828 and 1829 , the Jacksonian coalition , despite its leader 's victory in the presidential election , lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition . Senators who called themselves Anti-Jacksonian or National Republicans were also called Adams or Adams Men . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .
John Forsyth Sr. ( October 22 , 1780 - October 21 , 1841 ) was a 19th-century American politician from Georgia . He represented the state in both the House of Representatives and the Senate , and also served as the 33rd Governor of Georgia . As a supporter of the policies of President Andrew Jackson , Forsyth was appointed secretary of state by Jackson in 1834 , and continued in that role until 1841 during the presidency of Martin Van Buren .
North Carolina ratified the Constitution on November 21 , 1789 , after the beginning of the 1st Congress . Its current senators are Republicans Thom Tillis and Richard Burr .
John Branch Jr. ( November 4 , 1782 - January 3 , 1863 ) was an American politician who served as U.S . Senator , Secretary of the Navy , the 19th Governor of the state of North Carolina , and was the sixth and last territorial governor of Florida .
The Secretary of the Navy ( or SECNAV ) is a statutory officer ( 10 U.S.C . § 5013 ) and the head ( chief executive officer ) of the Department of the Navy , a military department ( component organization ) within the Department of Defense of the United States of America . The Secretary of the Navy must be a civilian by law , at least 5 years removed from active military service . The Secretary is appointed by the President and requires confirmation by a majority vote of the Senate . The Secretary of the Navy was , from its creation in 1798 , a member of the President 's Cabinet until 1949 , when the Secretary of the Navy ( and the Secretaries of the Army and Air Force ) was by amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 made subordinate to the Secretary of Defense . The office has been vacant since November 24 , 2019 , when Richard V. Spencer was fired . Under Secretary Thomas Modly is serving as acting secretary until a successor is confirmed by the U.S. Senate . U.S. President Trump said he would nominate Kenneth Braithwaite to become the next Secretary of the Navy .
In the United States Senate elections of 1828 and 1829 , the Jacksonian coalition , despite its leader 's victory in the presidential election , lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition . Senators who called themselves Anti-Jacksonian or National Republicans were also called Adams or Adams Men . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .
Bedford Brown ( June 6 , 1795 - December 6 , 1870 ) was a Democratic United States Senator from the State of North Carolina between 1829 and 1840 .
Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1 , 1796 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1862 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1866 . Tennessee 's current Senators are Republicans Lamar Alexander and Marsha Blackburn .
John Henry Eaton ( June 18 , 1790 - November 17 , 1856 ) was an American politician and diplomat from Tennessee who served as U.S . Senator and as Secretary of War in the administration of Andrew Jackson . He was 28 years old when he entered the Senate , making him the youngest U.S . Senator in history . Eaton was a lawyer in Tennessee who became part of a network that supported the political campaigns of Andrew Jackson . He also served in the militia as a major , and during the War of 1812 became an aide to Jackson ; Eaton served with Jackson in all his wartime campaigns and battles , including the Battle of New Orleans . After serving in the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1815 and 1816 , in 1818 Eaton was elected to the United States Senate , though he had not yet reached the constitutionally mandated age of 30 . Following Jackson 's election to the presidency in 1828 , Eaton resigned his Senate seat to join Jackson 's cabinet as Secretary of War . Eaton and his wife Peggy became the focus of controversy during Jackson 's first term ; in the so-called Petticoat affair , Washington 's society wives refused to socialize with the Eatons . The wives of the vice president , cabinet members , and members of Congress looked down on Peggy because of the circumstances of her marriage to Eaton ; they had wed shortly after the death of her first husband , without waiting for the usual mourning period , giving rise to rumors that she had been unfaithful to her first husband before his death . Eaton resigned as Secretary of War as part of a strategy to resolve the controversy ; he later received appointments as Governor of Florida Territory and U.S. Minister to Spain . Upon returning to the United States in 1840 , Eaton refused to endorse incumbent Martin Van Buren for reelection to the presidency , angering Jackson .
The secretary of war was a member of the United States president 's Cabinet , beginning with George Washington 's administration . A similar position , called either Secretary at War or Secretary of War , had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789 . Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position . When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution , he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War . The secretary of war was the head of the War Department . At first , he was responsible for all military affairs , including naval affairs . In 1798 , the secretary of the Navy was created by statute , and the scope of responsibility for this office was reduced to the affairs of the United States Army . From 1886 onward , the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president of the United States , the speaker of the House of Representatives , the president pro tem of the Senate and the secretary of state . In 1947 , with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 , the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force , which , along with the secretary of the Navy , have since 1949 been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense . The secretary of the Army 's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war 's office although the secretary of defense took the secretary of war 's position in the Cabinet , and the line of succession to the presidency .
In the United States Senate elections of 1828 and 1829 , the Jacksonian coalition , despite its leader 's victory in the presidential election , lost a seat in the Senate to the opposing Anti-Jacksonian coalition . Senators who called themselves Anti-Jacksonian or National Republicans were also called Adams or Adams Men . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .
Felix Grundy ( September 11 , 1777 - December 19 , 1840 ) was a congressman and senator from Tennessee and served as the 13th Attorney General of the United States .
Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) .
Louis McLane ( May 28 , 1786 - October 7 , 1857 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington , in New Castle County , Delaware , and Baltimore , Maryland . He was a veteran of the War of 1812 and a member of the Federalist Party and later the Democratic Party . He served as the U.S. Representative from Delaware , U.S . Senator from Delaware , U.S. Secretary of the Treasury , U.S. Secretary of State , Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom , and President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad . As a member of President Andrew Jackson 's Cabinet , McLane was a prominent figure during the Bank War . McLane pursued a more moderate approach towards the Second Bank of the United States than the President , but agreed with Jackson 's decision in 1832 to veto a Congressional bill renewing the Bank 's charter . He also helped draft the Force Bill in 1833 .
The United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom ( known formally in the United Kingdom as Ambassador of the United States to the Court of St James 's ) is the official representative of the President and the Government of the United States of America to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious positions in the United States Foreign Service due to the so-called Special Relationship . The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians , including five who would later become presidents : John Adams , James Monroe , John Quincy Adams , Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan . However , the modern tendency of American presidents ( of both parties ) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns , despite the importance and prestige of the office . [ citation needed ] The ambassador and the embassy staff at large work at the American Embassy in Nine Elms , London . The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent 's Park . The ambassadorship is currently held by New York Jets owner Woody Johnson , who presented his credentials to the Queen on November 8 , 2017 .
The United States Senate elections of 1830 and 1831 were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition , but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party . By the time Congress first met in December 1831 , however , the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .
Dr. Arnold Snow Naudain ( January 6 , 1790 - January 4 , 1872 ) was an American physician and politician from Odessa in New Castle County , Delaware . He was a veteran of the War of 1812 , and a member of the Whig Party , who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as U.S . Senator from Delaware .
Mississippi was admitted to the Union on December 10 , 1817 , and elects senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . Its current senators are Republicans Cindy Hyde-Smith and Roger Wicker . As of April 2 , 2018 , 51 people have served as U.S. senators from Mississippi .
Thomas Buck Reed ( May 7 , 1787 - November 26 , 1829 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi .
The United States Senate elections of 1830 and 1831 were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition , but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party . By the time Congress first met in December 1831 , however , the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .
Robert Huntington Adams ( 1792-July 2 , 1830 ) was an American lawyer and politician from the state of Mississippi . He was briefly a member of the United States Senate , suddenly dying six months after his election to that body .
George Poindexter ( 1779 - September 5 , 1853 ) was an American politician , lawyer and judge from Mississippi . Born in Virginia , he moved to the Mississippi Territory in 1802 . He served as United States Representative from the newly admitted state , was elected as Governor ( 1820-1822 ) , and served as a United States Senator .
Illinois was admitted to the Union on December 3 , 1818 , and has been represented in the United States Senate by 47 senators . Senators from Illinois are elected to Class 2 and Class 3 . The Senate twice refused to seat Frank L. Smith , in December 1926 for an appointed term and in March 1927 for an elected one , due to corruption , but he is included in this list because Smith and the Governor considered him to be a senator for approximately two years . Of the eight African Americans ever to sit in the U.S. Senate since Reconstruction , three have held Illinois 's Class 3 seat , including Barack Obama who went on to become the President of the United States . This makes Illinois the state with the most African-American senators . Illinois 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Dick Durbin ( serving since 1997 ) and Tammy Duckworth ( serving since 2017 ) .
John McLean ( February 4 , 1791 - October 14 , 1830 ) was a United States Representative and a Senator from Illinois . He was the brother of Finis McLean and uncle of James David Walker . Born near Guilford Court House ( now Greensboro ) , Guilford County , North Carolina , February 4 , 1791 , McLean moved with his parents to Logan County , Kentucky in 1795 . He moved to Illinois Territory in 1815 . After studying law , he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Shawneetown , Gallatin County , Illinois . When Illinois was admitted as a State into the Union , McLean was elected to the Fifteenth Congress and served from December 3 , 1818 , to March 3 , 1819 . He failed to be re-elected in 1818 to the Sixteenth Congress . He was also an unsuccessful candidate for congress in the 1820 and 1822 elections . He was elected to the Illinois State House of Representatives in 1820 , 1826 , and 1828 , and served as speaker . In 1824 , McLean was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Ninian Edwards and served from November 23 , 1824 to March 3 , 1825 . He was unsuccessful in a bid for re-election , not managing to get more than 12 votes of the 27 needed in the legislature through 10 ballots , but resumed the practice of law . He was again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4 , 1829 , until his death , aged 39 , in Shawneetown , Illinois in 1830 .
David Jewett Baker ( September 7 , 1792 - August 6 , 1869 ) was an American politician in the U.S. state of Illinois . He briefly served as a U.S . Senator in 1830 .
The United States Senate elections of 1830 and 1831 were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition , but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party . By the time Congress first met in December 1831 , however , the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat . As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment , Senators were chosen by State legislatures .
John McCracken Robinson ( April 10 , 1794 - April 25 , 1843 ) was a United States Senator from Illinois . Born near Georgetown , Kentucky , he attended the common schools and graduated from Transylvania University at Lexington . He studied law , and was admitted to the bar and began practice in Carmi , Illinois in 1818 . He was a judge of the Illinois Supreme Court , and served as a general in the State militia . He was elected in 1830 as a Jacksonian ( later a Democrat ) to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John McLean . He was reelected in 1835 and served from December 11 , 1830 , Until his retirement in March 3 , 1841 , and was not a candidate for reelection . While in the Senate , he was chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills ( Twenty-second Congress ) and a member of the Committees on Militia ( Twenty-second through Twenty-fourth Congresses ) and Post Office and Post Roads ( Twenty-fourth through Twenty-sixth Congresses ) .
Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11 , 1816 . Since then , the state has been represented in the United States Senate by 44 different men in Class 1 and 3 ; David Turpie served non-consecutive terms in Class 1 , Dan Coats served non-consecutive terms in Class 3 , and William Ezra Jenner served in both Classes . Until the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , Senators were elected by the Indiana General Assembly ; after that they were elected popularly by Indiana citizens . A senatorial term lasts six years beginning on January 3 . In case of a vacancy the Governor of Indiana has the duty to appoint a new U.S. senator . The longest-serving of any Senator from Indiana is Republican Richard Lugar ( 1977-2013 ) . Indiana 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Todd Young ( serving since 2017 ) and Mike Braun ( serving since 2019 )
James Noble ( December 16 , 1785 - February 26 , 1831 ) was the first U.S . Senator from the U.S. state of Indiana . Noble was born near Berryville , Virginia and moved with his parents to Campbell County , Kentucky when he was 10 . There he studied law and he became an attorney , after which he moved to Indiana and settled in Brookville around 1808 . Once settled in Indiana he became a ferryboat operator , a judge and a member of the state 's first constitutional convention , in 1816 , as a delegate from Franklin County . He was elected to the first session of the Indiana State House of Representatives in 1816 . He was elected as a Crawford faction Democratic Republican ( later an anti-Jacksonian Democrat ) to the United States Senate in 1816 . He was reelected to two more terms and served from December 11 , 1816 , until his death in 1831 . While in the Senate he was chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Pensions for the 15th , 16th , 17th , 18th and 20th Congresses , and chairman of the U.S. Committee on the Militia for the 16th and 17th Congresses . He died in Washington , D.C. and is buried in the Congressional Cemetery .