List of non-marine molluscs of the United States
Federally endangered or threatened -- Federally endangered or threatened land gastropods
Table:
Common name

Scientific name

Home range

status

Oʻahu tree snails

Achatinella spp.

Hawaii

E

Painted snake-coiled forest snail

Anguispira picta

Tennessee

T

Iowa Pleistocene snail

Discus macclintocki

Illinois, Iowa

E

Morro Shoulderband snail

Helminthoglypta walkeriana

California

E

Magazine Mountain shagreen

Mesodon magazinensis

Arkansas

T

Chittenango ovate amber snail

Novisuccinea chittenangoensis

New York

T

Stock Island tree snail

Orthalicus reses (not include O. r. nesodryas)

Florida

T

Kanab Ambersnail

Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis

Arizona, Utah

E

Noonday globe

Patera clarki nantahala

North Carolina

T

Virginia fringed mountain snail

Polygyriscus virginianus

Virginia

E

Flat-spired three-toothed snail

Triodopsis platysayoides

West Virginia

T

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Oʻahu tree snails , genus Achatinella , form a large genus of colorful , tropical , tree-living , air-breathing , land snails , arboreal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinellidae . This genus of tree snails is endemic to Hawaii , and all extant species are endangered . They were once abundant and were mentioned extensively in Hawaiian folklore and songs , and their shells were used in lei and other ornaments . Many of these arboreal snails are sinistral or left-handed in their spiral shell coiling , whereas most gastropod shells are dextral . ( See the section on chirality in the article gastropod shell . )
Oʻahu tree snails , genus Achatinella , form a large genus of colorful , tropical , tree-living , air-breathing , land snails , arboreal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinellidae . This genus of tree snails is endemic to Hawaii , and all extant species are endangered . They were once abundant and were mentioned extensively in Hawaiian folklore and songs , and their shells were used in lei and other ornaments . Many of these arboreal snails are sinistral or left-handed in their spiral shell coiling , whereas most gastropod shells are dextral . ( See the section on chirality in the article gastropod shell . )
Hawaiʻi ( /həˈwaɪi/ ( listen ) hə-WY-ee ; Hawaiian : Hawaiʻi [ həˈvɐjʔi ] ) is a state of the United States of America . It is the only state located in the Pacific Ocean and the only state composed entirely of islands . The state encompasses nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago , 137 islands spread over 1,500 miles ( 2,400 km ) . The volcanic archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania . At the southeastern end of the archipelago , the eight main islands are , in order from northwest to southeast : Niʻihau , Kauaʻi , Oʻahu , Molokaʻi , Lānaʻi , Kahoʻolawe , Maui , and Hawaiʻi . The last is the largest island in the group ; it is often called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago . Hawaiʻi is the 8th-smallest geographically and the 11th-least populous , but the 13th-most densely populated of the 50 states . It is the only state with an Asian American plurality . Hawaii has more than 1.4 million permanent residents , along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel . The state capital and largest city is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu . The state 's ocean coastline is about 750 miles ( 1,210 km ) long , the fourth longest in the U.S. , after the coastlines of Alaska , Florida , and California . Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union , on August 21 , 1959 .
Anguispira picta , common names painted snake-coiled forest snail and painted tigersnail , is a rare species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Discidae , the disc snails . This species is native to Tennessee in the United States , where it is known only from Franklin County . It may possibly also occur just over the border in Alabama . It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States . This snail was first discovered in 1906 . It was once treated as a subspecies of the more common Anguispira cumberlandiana . It is now a species in its own right . The snail is about 2 centimeters wide and 1 high . Its shape is a depressed dome . The shell has six whorls which are whitish with brownish blotches . The juvenile has a translucent and brightly colored shell . This snail was long thought to be endemic to one cove on the edge of the Cumberland Plateau , near the town of Sherwood , Tennessee .
Anguispira picta , common names painted snake-coiled forest snail and painted tigersnail , is a rare species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Discidae , the disc snails . This species is native to Tennessee in the United States , where it is known only from Franklin County . It may possibly also occur just over the border in Alabama . It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States . This snail was first discovered in 1906 . It was once treated as a subspecies of the more common Anguispira cumberlandiana . It is now a species in its own right . The snail is about 2 centimeters wide and 1 high . Its shape is a depressed dome . The shell has six whorls which are whitish with brownish blotches . The juvenile has a translucent and brightly colored shell . This snail was long thought to be endemic to one cove on the edge of the Cumberland Plateau , near the town of Sherwood , Tennessee .
Tennessee ( /ˌtɛnəˈsiː/ ( listen ) , locally /ˈtɛnəsi/ ; Cherokee : ᏔᎾᏏ , romanized : Tanasi ) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States . Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States . Tennessee is bordered by eight states , with Kentucky to the north , Virginia to the northeast , North Carolina to the east , Georgia , Alabama , and Mississippi to the south , Arkansas to the west , and Missouri to the northwest . The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state , and the Mississippi River forms the state 's western border . Nashville is the state 's capital and largest city , with a 2017 population of 667,560 and a 2017 metro population of 1,903,045 . Tennessee 's second largest city is Memphis , which had a population of 652,236 in 2017 . The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association , a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians . What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina , and later part of the Southwest Territory . Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1 , 1796 . Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 . Occupied by Union forces from 1862 , it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war . Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia , and more soldiers for the Union Army than the rest of the Confederacy combined .
Discus macclintocki is a species of land snail in the family Discidae known commonly as the Iowa Pleistocene snail and Pleistocene disc . It occurs in Iowa and Illinois in the United States . It is a federally listed endangered species .
Discus macclintocki is a species of land snail in the family Discidae known commonly as the Iowa Pleistocene snail and Pleistocene disc . It occurs in Iowa and Illinois in the United States . It is a federally listed endangered species .
Illinois ( /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ ( listen ) IL-ə-NOY ) is a state in the Midwestern and Great Lakes Regions of the United States . It has the fifth largest gross domestic product ( GDP ) , the sixth largest population , and the 25th largest land area of all U.S. states . Illinois has been noted as a microcosm of the entire United States . With Chicago in northeastern Illinois , small industrial cities and immense agricultural productivity in the north and center of the state , and natural resources such as coal , timber , and petroleum in the south , Illinois has a diverse economic base , and is a major transportation hub . Chicagoland , Chicago 's metropolitan area , encompasses over 65% of the state 's population . The Port of Chicago connects the state to international ports via two main routes : from the Great Lakes , via the Saint Lawrence Seaway , to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River , via the Illinois Waterway to the Illinois River . The Mississippi River , the Ohio River , and the Wabash River form parts of the boundaries of Illinois . For decades , Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world 's busiest airports . Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and , through the 1980s , in politics . The capital of Illinois is Springfield , which is located in the central part of the state . Although today Illinois 's largest population center is in its northeast , the state 's European population grew first in the west as the French settled lands near the Mississippi River , when the region was known as Illinois Country and was part of New France . Following the American Revolutionary War , American settlers began arriving from Kentucky in the 1780s via the Ohio River , and the population grew from south to north .
Iowa ( /ˈaɪəwə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Midwestern United States , bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west . It is bordered by six states : Wisconsin to the northeast , Illinois to the east and southeast , Missouri to the south , Nebraska to the west , South Dakota to the northwest , and Minnesota to the north . In colonial times , Iowa was a part of French Louisiana and Spanish Louisiana ; its state flag is patterned after the flag of France . After the Louisiana Purchase , people laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt . In the latter half of the 20th century , Iowa 's agricultural economy made the transition to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing , processing , financial services , information technology , biotechnology , and green energy production . Iowa is the 26th most extensive in land area and the 30th most populous of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital , most populous city , and largest metropolitan area fully located within the state is Des Moines . A portion of the larger Omaha , Nebraska , metropolitan area extends into three counties of southwest Iowa . Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in .
The banded dune snail or Morro shoulderband , scientific name Helminthoglypta walkeriana , is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helminthoglyptidae . This species is endemic to Morro Bay and the central coast in San Luis Obispo County and Santa Barbara County , in California , the United States .
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment .
The Magazine Mountain middle-toothed snail also known as the Magazine Mountain shagreen , scientific name Inflectarius magazinensis , is a species of small , air-breathing , land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Polygyridae .
The Magazine Mountain middle-toothed snail also known as the Magazine Mountain shagreen , scientific name Inflectarius magazinensis , is a species of small , air-breathing , land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Polygyridae .
Arkansas ( /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw ) [ c ] is a state in the south central region of the United States , home to more than three million people as of 2018 . Its name is from the Osage language , of Siouan derivation ; it denoted their related kin , the Quapaw people . The state 's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains , which make up the U.S . Interior Highlands , to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands , to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta . Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States . The capital and most populous city is Little Rock , located in the central portion of the state , a hub for transportation , business , culture , and government . The northwestern corner of the state , such as the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area , is a population , education , and economic center . The largest city in the state 's eastern part is Jonesboro . The largest city in the state 's southeastern part is Pine Bluff . The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15 , 1836 . Much of the Delta had been developed for cotton plantations , and the state landowners largely depended on enslaved African Americans as workers . In 1861 , Arkansas seceded from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War .
The Chittenango ovate amber snail , scientific name Novisuccinea chittenangoensis , is a species of small air-breathing land snail in the family Succineidae , the amber snails . This species was discovered in 1905 , and was reported three years later as a subspecies of the oval ambersnail , Succinea ovalis . Several taxonomic reviews took place in the subsequent decades until the end of the 1980s , when the Chittenango ovate amber snail was finally judged to be a distinct species Novisuccinea chittenangoensis , based on chemical and morphological data . The Chittenango ovate amber snail is endemic to the Chittenango area of Madison County , New York , United States . There is only one population of this species at Chittenango Falls State Park in central New York , even though it was believed to have a broader range previously ; based on fossil records , some authors argue that the distribution of this species may have been much wider in the past . In opposition to this , other authors argue that it is impossible to identify this species based on fossil records , because they only allow for examination of shell features . Shell features of species in this particular family of snails are usually not very distinctive . Novisuccinea chittenangoensis has a small ( an average of 20.9 mm in length in adult individuals ) , delicate , ovate shell of 3¼ whorls , with deep sutures . The shell is almost translucent , and varies in color from a chalky pale yellow to white , with a glossy surface . Several internal organs of the animal can be distinguished through the shell 's outer surface . The visible soft parts of the animal are of a pale subtranslucent yellow color , with different markings during distinct stages of development . Studies on the ecology of the Chittenango ovate amber snail are fairly recent .
The Chittenango ovate amber snail , scientific name Novisuccinea chittenangoensis , is a species of small air-breathing land snail in the family Succineidae , the amber snails . This species was discovered in 1905 , and was reported three years later as a subspecies of the oval ambersnail , Succinea ovalis . Several taxonomic reviews took place in the subsequent decades until the end of the 1980s , when the Chittenango ovate amber snail was finally judged to be a distinct species Novisuccinea chittenangoensis , based on chemical and morphological data . The Chittenango ovate amber snail is endemic to the Chittenango area of Madison County , New York , United States . There is only one population of this species at Chittenango Falls State Park in central New York , even though it was believed to have a broader range previously ; based on fossil records , some authors argue that the distribution of this species may have been much wider in the past . In opposition to this , other authors argue that it is impossible to identify this species based on fossil records , because they only allow for examination of shell features . Shell features of species in this particular family of snails are usually not very distinctive . Novisuccinea chittenangoensis has a small ( an average of 20.9 mm in length in adult individuals ) , delicate , ovate shell of 3¼ whorls , with deep sutures . The shell is almost translucent , and varies in color from a chalky pale yellow to white , with a glossy surface . Several internal organs of the animal can be distinguished through the shell 's outer surface . The visible soft parts of the animal are of a pale subtranslucent yellow color , with different markings during distinct stages of development . Studies on the ecology of the Chittenango ovate amber snail are fairly recent .
New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography .
Orthalicus reses , common name the Stock Island , Florida tree snail , is a species of large tropical air-breathing land snail , a tree snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Orthalicidae . It was first described in 1830 by the American naturalist Thomas Say . The holotype , a specimen probably collected in Key West , was subsequently lost . Over a hundred years later , in 1946 , the American biologist Henry Augustus Pilsbry redescribed the species using a specimen from Stock Island . Orthalicus reses has two subspecies , O. reses reses and O. reses nosodryas . The validity of these two taxa is still being discussed , but some experts argue that considering them as independent units may be important for management purposes . The Stock Island tree snail has a large conical shell ( 45-55 mm in length ) with variable thickness , generally lighter and more translucent than other species of Orthalicus . It is colored white to buff , with weakly developed spiral bands and several flame-like , purple-brown axial stripes . The subspecies O. reses reses and O. reses nosodryas can be distinguished from one another based on the different color patterns of the apical whorl , columella , and parietal callus . The nominate subspecies Orthalicus reses reses is threatened ; it lives on trees in hardwood hammocks habitat in Southern Florida , USA , specifically the Florida Keys .
Florida ( /ˈflɒrɪdə/ ( listen ) , Spanish pronunciation : [ floˈɾiða ] ) is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States . The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico , to the northwest by Alabama , to the north by Georgia , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , and to the south by the Straits of Florida . Florida is the 22nd-most extensive ( 65,755 sq mi or 170,300 km2 ) , the 3rd-most populous ( 21,477,737 inhabitants ) , and the 8th-most densely populated ( 384.3/sq mi or 148.4/km2 ) of the U.S. states . Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States . The Miami metropolitan area is Florida 's most populous urban area , with its capital being Tallahassee . Florida 's $ 1.0 trillion economy is the fourth largest in the United States . If it were a country , Florida would be the 16th largest economy in the world , and the 58th most populous as of 2018 [ update ] . In 2017 , Florida 's per capita personal income was $ 47,684 , ranking 26th in the nation . The unemployment rate in September 2018 was 3.5% and ranked as the 18th in the United States . Florida exports nearly $ 55 billion in goods made in the state , the 8th highest among all states . The Miami Metropolitan Area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States with a GDP of $ 345 billion as of 2017 [ update ] . This is more than twice the number of the next metro area , the Tampa Bay Area , which has a GDP of $ 145 billion .
The Kanab ambersnail , scientific name Oxyloma haydeni kanabense or Oxyloma kanabense , is a critically endangered subspecies or species of small , air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Succineidae , the amber snails . The common name of the amber snails is based on the shell , which is translucent and when empty usually resembles the color of amber . This species is endemic to the United States , specifically the state of Arizona and Utah , where it was first collected in the early 20th century . It has been listed as endangered on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species since 8 August 1991 . [ citation needed ] This snail lives in wetlands , springs , and seeps , and only two of its natural habitats are known to exist : Three Lakes , a meadow near Kanab , Utah , and Vasey 's Paradise , a springs along the Colorado River within Grand Canyon National Park . In its natural habitat it is rather polyphagous , feeding mainly on bacteria , plants and fungi . It reproduces during the summer . Now considered a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to a series of factors ( including anthropic influence ) , the Kanab ambersnail has been reintroduced to three springs above the historic high water level along the Colorado River .
Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson .
Utah ( /ˈjuːtɑː/ YOO-tah , /ˈjuːtɔː/ ( listen ) YOO-taw ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th-largest by area , 30th-most-populous , and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1 , 2018 . Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas : the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state , which contains approximately 2.5 million people ; and Washington County in Southern Utah , with over 160,000 residents . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , Arizona to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church . This greatly influences Utahn culture , politics , and daily life . The church 's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City . The state is a center of transportation , education , information technology and research , government services , and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation . In 2013 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state .
Patera clarki nantahala , the noonday globe , is a subspecies of Patera clarki , a land snail in the family Polygyridae . It is endemic to North Carolina in the United States . The name nantahala is a Cherokee word which means noonday . This subspecies was given this name because the snail lives in a deep gorge where the sunshine does not reach the ground until the middle of the day .
North Carolina ( /ˌkærəˈlaɪnə/ ( listen ) ) is a U.S. state located in the southeastern region of the United States . North Carolina is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the 50 United States . It is bordered by Virginia to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Georgia and South Carolina to the south , and Tennessee to the west . Raleigh is the state 's capital and Charlotte is its largest city . The Charlotte metropolitan area , with an estimated population of 2,569,213 in 2018 , is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina , the 23rd-most populous in the United States , and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City . The Raleigh metropolitan area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state , with an estimated population of 1,362,540 in 2018 , and is home to the largest research park in the United States , Research Triangle Park . North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and is one of the original Thirteen Colonies . North Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England who first formed the English colony , with Carolus being Latin for Charles . On November 21 , 1789 , North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution . In the run-up to the American Civil War , North Carolina declared its secession from the Union on May 20 , 1861 , becoming the last of eleven states to join the Confederate States . Following the Civil War , the state was restored to the Union on June 25 , 1868 . On December 17 , 1903 , Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world 's first controlled , sustained flight of a powered , heavier-than-air aircraft at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina 's Outer Banks .
Polygyriscus is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae . This is a monotypic genus of snails containing the single species Polygyriscus virginianus , known commonly as the Virginia fringed mountain snail or the Virginia coil . That species is endemic to the State of Virginia in the United States . The Virginia coil was listed as federally endangered species on 2 August 1978 . This snail was described in 1947 . It is very rare ; the snail has only been seen on bluffs along the New River in Pulaski County , Virginia . Only four adult specimens have been observed since 1978 , and no juveniles have been seen since 1971 . The snail is , however , difficult to find because it is only 4 millimeters long and may burrow up to 2 meters into the soil .
Polygyriscus is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Polygyridae . This is a monotypic genus of snails containing the single species Polygyriscus virginianus , known commonly as the Virginia fringed mountain snail or the Virginia coil . That species is endemic to the State of Virginia in the United States . The Virginia coil was listed as federally endangered species on 2 August 1978 . This snail was described in 1947 . It is very rare ; the snail has only been seen on bluffs along the New River in Pulaski County , Virginia . Only four adult specimens have been observed since 1978 , and no juveniles have been seen since 1971 . The snail is , however , difficult to find because it is only 4 millimeters long and may burrow up to 2 meters into the soil .
Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Commonwealth of Virginia , is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains . The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay , which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna . The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond ; Virginia Beach is the most populous city , and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision . The Commonwealth 's estimated population as of 2018 [ update ] is over 8.5 million . The area 's history begins with several indigenous groups , including the Powhatan . In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World . Virginia 's state nickname , the Old Dominion , is a reference to this status . Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony 's early politics and plantation economy . Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution . In the American Civil War , Virginia 's Secession Convention resolved to join the Confederacy , and Virginia 's First Wheeling Convention resolved to remain in the Union ; that led to the creation of West Virginia . Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction , both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia . The Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World .
The flat-spired three-toothed snail ( Triodopsis platysayoides ) - also known as the Cheat three-toothed snail after the Cheat River in West Virginia - is a species of air-breathing land snail , a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Polygyridae .
West Virginia ( /vərˈdʒɪniə/ ( listen ) ) is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States , and is also considered to be a part of the Mid-Atlantic Southeast Region . It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north , Maryland to the east and northeast , Virginia to the southeast , Kentucky to the southwest , and Ohio to the northwest . West Virginia is the 41st largest state by area , and is ranked 38th in population . The capital and largest city is Charleston . West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861 , at the start of the American Civil War . Delegates from the Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia , which also included secessionist counties in the new state . West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20 , 1863 , and was a key border state during the war . It was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state , the first to separate from any state since Maine separated from Massachusetts , and was one of two states admitted to the Union during the American Civil War ( the other being Nevada ) . While a portion of its residents held slaves , most of the residents were yeoman farmers , and the delegates provided for gradual abolition of slavery in the new state Constitution . The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States . However , the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies the state as a part of the Mid-Atlantic region . The northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio , with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area , while Bluefield is less than 70 miles ( 110 km ) from North Carolina .