List of Brigham Young University alumni
Government , law , and public policy -- Members of the United States Congress
Table:
Name

Class year(s)

Degree(s)

Notability

Reference

Marian Bergeson

1949

B.A.

Former senator (R ) from California

[139]

Mike Crapo

1973

B.A.

Senator (R) from Idaho

[140]

Jeff Flake

1986
1987

B.A.
M.A.

Former senator (R) from Arizona

[141]

Orrin Hatch

1958

B.A.

Senator (R) from Utah; President Pro Tempore

[142]

William H. King

1887

B.S.

Former Senator (D) from Utah

[143]

Mike Lee

1994
1997

B.S.
J.D. (Clark)

Senator (R) from Utah

[144]

Bert H. Miller

1901

Former Senator (D) from Idaho

[145]

Mitt Romney

1971

B.A.

Senator (R) from Utah, Seventieth Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican presidential nominee

[146][147]

Gordon H. Smith

1976

B.A.

Former Senator (R) from Oregon, CEO of National Association of Broadcasters

[148]

Reed Smoot

1876

High school diploma

Former Senator (R) from Utah

George Sutherland

1881

Former Senator (R) from Utah

[117]

Arthur Vivian Watkins

—

(never graduated)

Former Senator (R) from Utah

[149]

Kyrsten Sinema

1995

B.A.

Senator (D) from Arizona

[150][151]

From the accompanying table plus the passages provided.

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Marian C. Bergeson ( August 31 , 1925 - July 6 , 2016 ) was an American Republican politician from California . The first woman ever to serve in both the California State Assembly and California State Senate , she was a member of the California State Legislature from 1978 to 1995 , a member of the Orange County Board of Supervisors from 1995 to 1996 , and California State Secretary of Education from 1996 to 1999 . In 1986 , Marian Bergeson Elementary School in Laguna Niguel was named after her .
A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees .
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States . With 39.5 million residents across a total area of about 163,696 square miles ( 423,970 km2 ) , California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area . The state capital is Sacramento . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions , with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second-most populous , after New York City . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . The City and County of San Francisco is both the country 's second most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth most densely populated county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . California 's economy , with a gross state product of $ 3.0 trillion , is the largest sub-national economy in the world . If it were a country , California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world ( larger than the United Kingdom , France , or India ) , and the 36th-most populous as of 2017 [ update ] . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second- and third-largest urban economies ( $ 1.3 trillion and $ 1.0 trillion respectively as of 2018 [ update ] ) , after the New York metropolitan area . The San Francisco Bay Area PSA had the nation 's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ( $ 106,757 ) among large primary statistical areas , and is home to three of the world 's ten largest companies by market capitalization and three of the world 's ten richest people . California culture is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture , communication , information , innovation , environmentalism , economics , politics , and entertainment .
Michael Dean Crapo ( /ˈkreɪpoʊ/ KRAY-poh ; born May 20 , 1951 ) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from Idaho , a seat he was first elected to in 1998 . A Republican , he previously served as the U.S. Representative for Idaho 's 2nd congressional district from 1993 to 1999 . Born in Idaho Falls , Crapo is a graduate of Brigham Young University and Harvard Law School . He practiced law in his home city throughout the 1980s , while also maintaining an active role in local Republican politics . His brother Terry Crapo was majority leader in the Idaho House of Representatives from 1968 to 1972 and an influential political figure until his death from leukemia in 1982 . After his brother 's death , Crapo successfully ran for the Idaho Senate in 1984 . Crapo served as Senate President pro tempore from 1988 to 1992 . Crapo was elected to an open seat in Congress in 1992 , representing Idaho 's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives . After three terms in the House , he ran for the open seat in the U.S. Senate in 1998 when Dirk Kempthorne vacated it to run for Idaho Governor . Crapo was elected with 70% of the vote , and became the first Mormon to represent Idaho in the United States Senate . In the 2004 election , he won 99% of the vote against his only opponent , write-in Democratic candidate Scott McClure . He was reelected again in 2010 with 71% of the vote , and again in 2016 with 66% of the vote .
Idaho ( /ˈaɪdəhoʊ/ ( listen ) ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States . It borders the state of Montana to the east and northeast , Wyoming to the east , Nevada and Utah to the south , and Washington and Oregon to the west . To the north , it shares a small portion of the Canadian border with the province of British Columbia . With a population of approximately 1.7 million and an area of 83,569 square miles ( 216,440 km2 ) , Idaho is the 14th largest , the 12th least populous and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states . The state 's capital and largest city is Boise . Idaho prior to European settlement was inhabited by Native American peoples , some of whom still live in the area . In the early 19th century , Idaho was considered part of the Oregon Country , an area disputed between the U.S. and the United Kingdom . It officially became U.S. territory with the signing of the Oregon Treaty of 1846 , but a separate Idaho Territory was not organized until 1863 , instead being included for periods in Oregon Territory and Washington Territory . Idaho was eventually admitted to the Union on July 3 , 1890 , becoming the 43rd state . Forming part of the Pacific Northwest ( and the associated Cascadia bioregion ) , Idaho is divided into several distinct geographic and climatic regions . The state 's north , the relatively isolated Idaho Panhandle , is closely linked with Eastern Washington with which it shares the Pacific Time Zone - the rest of the state uses the Mountain Time Zone . The state 's south includes the Snake River Plain ( which has most of the population and agricultural land ) .
Jeffry Lane Flake ( born December 31 , 1962 ) is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Arizona from 2013 to 2019 . A member of the Republican Party , Flake served in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013 . Born in Snowflake , Arizona , Flake attended Brigham Young University , from which he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in international relations , and later his Master of Arts degree in political science . In the early 1980s , he became a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in South Africa , where he learned to speak Afrikaans . After returning to the United States , Flake served as Executive Director of the Goldwater Institute , before being elected as a Republican to the House of Representatives from Arizona 's 1st congressional district in 2001 . He served as the representative for the 1st district until renumbering following the 2000 census redefined the district to be Arizona 's 6th congressional district , which he then represented until he entered the Senate in 2013 . Flake sought the Republican nomination for the 2012 Senate election after incumbent Jon Kyl announced his retirement . He defeated Democratic candidate and former United States Surgeon General Richard Carmona in the general election . Flake was one of the bipartisan Gang of Eight U.S. senators that pushed an immigration reform bill through the Senate in 2013 . He is known as a vocal critic of President Donald Trump , but generally voted in line with Trump 's position . On October 24 , 2017 , Flake announced that he would not seek re-election in 2018 . Throughout his Senate career , Flake suffered from consistently low approval ratings , including having a 32% and 51% approval and disapproval rating in April 2013 , respectively , less than three months after taking office .
Master of Arts ( Latin : Magister Artium or Artium Magister ; abbreviated M.A . or A.M. ) is a type of master 's degree awarded by universities in many countries . The degree is usually contrasted with the Master of Science . Those admitted to the degree typically study linguistics , history , communication studies , diplomacy , public administration , political science , or other subjects within the scope of the humanities and social sciences ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the natural sciences and mathematics . The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations , research , or a combination of the two . The Master of Arts traces its origin to the teaching license or Licentia docendi of the University of Paris .
Arizona ( /ˌærɪˈzoʊnə/ ( listen ) ; Navajo : Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation : [ xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò ] ; O'odham : Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation : [ ˡaɺi ˡʂonak ] ) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States . It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states . It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states . Its capital and largest city is Phoenix . Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah , Colorado , and New Mexico ; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest . Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union , achieving statehood on February 14 , 1912 , coinciding with Valentine 's Day . Historically part of the territory of Alta California in New Spain , it became part of independent Mexico in 1821 . After being defeated in the Mexican-American War , Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848 . The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase . Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate , with very hot summers and mild winters . Northern Arizona features forests of pine , Douglas fir , and spruce trees ; the Colorado Plateau ; mountain ranges ( such as the San Francisco Mountains ) ; as well as large , deep canyons , with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls . There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff , Alpine , and Tucson .
Orrin Grant Hatch ( born March 22 , 1934 ) is an American attorney , retired politician , and composer who served as a United States Senator from Utah for 42 years ( 1977-2019 ) . He is the longest-serving Republican U.S . Senator in history and the longest-serving U.S . Senator from Utah . Hatch chaired the Senate Committee on Health , Education , Labor , and Pensions from 1981 to 1987 . He also served as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee and the Senate Finance Committee . On January 3 , 2015 , after the 114th United States Congress was sworn in , Hatch became President pro tempore of the Senate . He retired in January 2019 .
Utah ( /ˈjuːtɑː/ YOO-tah , /ˈjuːtɔː/ ( listen ) YOO-taw ) is a state in the western United States . It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4 , 1896 . Utah is the 13th-largest by area , 30th-most-populous , and 11th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States . Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1 , 2018 . Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas : the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state , which contains approximately 2.5 million people ; and Washington County in Southern Utah , with over 160,000 residents . Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east , Wyoming to the northeast , Idaho to the north , Arizona to the south , and Nevada to the west . It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast . Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) , making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church . This greatly influences Utahn culture , politics , and daily life . The church 's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City . The state is a center of transportation , education , information technology and research , government services , and mining and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation . In 2013 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second-fastest-growing population of any state .
The president pro tempore of the United States Senate ( often shortened to president pro tem ) is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate . Article One , Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the vice president of the United States is the president of the Senate ( despite not being a senator ) , and mandates that the Senate must choose a president pro tempore to act in the vice president 's absence . Unlike the vice president , the president pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate , able to speak or vote on any issue . Selected by the Senate at large , the president pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers . During the vice president 's absence , the president pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions . In practice , neither the vice president nor the president pro tempore usually presides ; instead , the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior U.S. senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure . Since 1890 , the most senior U.S. senator in the majority party has generally been chosen to be president pro tempore and holds the office continuously until the election of another . This tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949 . Since the enactment of the current Presidential Succession Act in 1947 , the president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president and the speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the secretary of state . The current president pro tempore of the Senate is Iowa Republican Charles Grassley . Elected on January 3 , 2019 , he is the 91st person to serve in this office .
William Henry King ( June 3 , 1863 - November 27 , 1949 ) was an American lawyer , politician , and jurist from Salt Lake City , Utah . As a Democrat , King represented Utah in the United States Senate from 1917 until 1941 .
A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .
Michael Shumway Lee ( born June 4 , 1971 ) is an American politician , author and attorney who is the senior United States Senator from Utah . A conservative , libertarian-leaning Republican , Lee has served in the Senate since January 3 , 2011 . Lee is the son of Rex E. Lee , who was Solicitor General under President Ronald Reagan , founding dean of the J. Reuben Clark Law School and president of Brigham Young University . Lee began his career as a clerk for the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah before serving as a clerk for future Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito , who was then a judge on the Third Circuit Court of Appeals . From 2002 to 2005 , Lee was as an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Utah . Subsequently , he joined the administration of Utah Governor Jon Huntsman , serving as the general counsel in the office of the governor from 2005 to 2006 . In 2010 , during the Tea Party movement , Lee entered the party caucus process to challenge incumbent three-term Republican senator Bob Bennett . Lee defeated Bennett and business owner Tim Bridgewater during the nominating process at the Utah Republican Party Convention , receiving 1,854 votes in the final round . The two highest caucus performers were then put before primary voters , with Lee winning with 51% of the vote . He then defeated Democratic candidate Sam Granato in the general election with 61% of the vote to Granato 's 32% . Lee was re-elected in 2016 and is expected to become the dean of Utah 's congressional delegation when Representative Rob Bishop retires in January 2021 .
The Juris Doctor degree ( J.D . or JD ) , also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree ( J.D. , JD , D.Jur . or DJur ) , is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees . The Juris Doctor is earned by completing law school in Australia , Canada , the United States , and some other common law countries . It has the academic standing of a professional doctorate ( in contrast to a research doctorate ) in the United States , a master 's degree in Australia , and a second-entry baccalaureate degree in Canada ( in all three jurisdictions the same as other professional degrees such as M.D . or D.D.S./D.M.D. , the degrees required to be a practicing physician or dentist , respectively ) . The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a modern version of the old European doctor of law degree ( such as the Dottore in Giurisprudenza in Italy and the Juris Utriusque Doctor in Germany and central Europe ) . Originating from the 19th-century Harvard movement for the scientific study of law and first denominated LL.B. , it is a degree that in most common law jurisdictions is the primary professional preparation for lawyers . It traditionally involves a three-year program , although some U.S. law schools offer a two-year accelerated program in which students complete courses over two additional summer semesters . The LL.B . was largely replaced by the J.D . in the US in the later 20th century .
The J. Reuben Clark Law School ( BYU Law or JRCLS ) is a professional school for the study of law in the western United States , located at Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in Provo , Utah . Founded 47 years ago in 1973 , the school is named after J. Reuben Clark , a former U.S . Ambassador , Undersecretary of State , and general authority of the institution 's sponsoring organization , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . BYU Law is fully accredited by the American Bar Association , and a member of the Association of American Law Schools . BYU Law consistently ranks among the nation 's top tier of American Bar Association approved law schools according to U.S. News & World Report , and it is consistently recognized for its low tuition and high placement rate in Article III federal judicial clerkships .
Bert Henry Miller ( December 15 , 1876 - October 8 , 1949 ) was an American politician from Idaho and a member of the Democratic Party .
Willard Mitt Romney ( born March 12 , 1947 ) is an American politician and businessman who has served as the junior United States senator from Utah since January 2019 . He previously served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party 's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election . Raised in Bloomfield Hills , Michigan , by his parents , George and Lenore Romney , he spent over two years from 1966 in France as a Mormon missionary . He married Ann Davies in 1969 , and they have five sons . By 1971 , he had participated in the political campaigns of both parents . Romney earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from Brigham Young University ( BYU ) in 1971 and a joint JD-MBA from Harvard University in 1975 . Romney became a management consultant and in 1977 joined Bain & Company in Boston . As Bain 's chief executive officer ( CEO ) , he later helped lead the company out of a financial crisis . In 1984 , he co-founded and led the spin-off company Bain Capital , a highly profitable private equity investment firm that became one of the largest of its kind in the nation . Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) throughout his adult life , Romney served as bishop of his ward and later as a stake president near Boston . After stepping down from Bain Capital and his local leadership role in the LDS Church , Romney ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 United States Senate election in Massachusetts . After losing to longtime incumbent Ted Kennedy , he resumed his position at Bain Capital .
The governor of Massachusetts , officially the governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the chief executive of the Government of Massachusetts and serves as commander-in-chief of the commonwealth 's military forces . Massachusetts has a republican system of government , akin to a presidential system , where the governor acts as the head of government while having a distinct role from that of the legislative branch . The governor has far reaching political obligations ranging from ceremonial to political . While being the chief representative of Massachusetts as a US State , the governor also is in charge of the cabinet , signs bills into law , and has veto power . The governor is also a member of the Massachusetts Governor 's Council , a popularly elected council with eight members who provide advice and consent on certain legal matters and appointments . Beginning with the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629 , the role of Governor has changed throughout its history in terms of powers and selection . The modern form of the position was created in the 1780 constitution , which called for the position of a supreme executive magistrate . Governors are elected every four years during state elections on the first Tuesday of November after the 1st , the most recent being in 2018 . Elected governors are then inaugurated on the first Thursday of the following January after the 1st . The current governor is Charlie Baker .
The Mitt Romney presidential campaign of 2012 officially began on June 2 , 2011 , when former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney formally announced his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States , at an event in Stratham , New Hampshire . Having previously run in the 2008 Republican primaries , this was Romney 's second campaign for the presidency . He filed his organization with the Federal Elections Commission as an exploratory committee and announced the organization in a video message on April 11 , 2011 . He became the party 's presumptive nominee with his victory in the Texas primary on May 29 , 2012 . On August 11 , 2012 , in Norfolk , Virginia , Romney announced that Paul Ryan , the long-time U.S. Representative for Wisconsin 's 1st congressional district , would be his running mate for vice president . ( Later , in October 2015 , he was elected Speaker of the House . ) On August 30 , 2012 , in Tampa , Florida , Romney formally accepted the Republican Party 's nomination at the 2012 Republican National Convention . Romney 's campaign came to an end on November 6 , 2012 , upon defeat by incumbent President Barack Obama in the 2012 presidential election . Romney received 60,933,500 votes , or 47.2% of the total votes cast , winning 24 states and 206 electoral votes . Had he won , Romney would have been the first Michigan native to serve as president ( as Gerald Ford was born in Nebraska ) , and the second governor of Massachusetts to do so , after Calvin Coolidge . Ryan would have been the first vice president from Wisconsin . Six years later , in November 2018 , Romney was elected as U.S .
Gordon Harold Smith ( born May 25 , 1952 ) is an American politician , a former United States Senator and businessman from the state of Oregon . A Republican , he served two terms in the Senate from 1997 to 2009 . On September 18 , 2009 , he was appointed president of the National Association of Broadcasters . As of 2020 , he is the last Republican to represent Oregon in the Senate .
Oregon ( /ˈɒrɪɡən/ ( listen ) ORR-ih-gən ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States . The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon 's northern boundary with Washington , while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho . The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada . Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before European traders , explorers , and settlers arrived . An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848 . Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14 , 1859 . Today , at 98,000 square miles ( 250,000 km2 ) , Oregon is the ninth largest and , with a population of 4 million , 27th most populous U.S. state . The capital , Salem , is the second most populous city in Oregon , with 169,798 residents . Portland , with 647,805 , ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities . The Portland metropolitan area , which also includes the city of Vancouver , Washington , to the north , ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation , with a population of 2,453,168 . Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S. , marked by volcanoes , abundant bodies of water , dense evergreen and mixed forests , as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands . At 11,249 feet ( 3,429 m ) , Mount Hood , a stratovolcano , is the state 's highest point .
The National Association of Broadcasters ( NAB ) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States . The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks . As of 2015 , the president and CEO of the NAB is Gordon Smith , a former United States Senator from Oregon .
Reed Smoot ( January 10 , 1862 - February 9 , 1941 ) was a businessman and apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) when he was elected by the Utah state legislature to the United States Senate in 1902 ; he served as a Republican senator from 1903 to 1933 . From his time in the Senate , Smoot is primarily remembered as the co-sponsor of the 1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act , which increased almost 900 American import duties . Thomas Lamont , a partner at J.P. Morgan at the time said , That Act intensified nationalism all over the world . The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act is widely regarded as one of the catalysts for the Great Depression . Smoot was a prominent leader of the LDS Church , chosen to serve as an apostle in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1900 . His role in the LDS Church ( together with rumors of a secret church policy continuing polygamy and a secret oath against the United States ) led to a lengthy controversy of four years after he was elected to the Senate in 1903 . A Senate committee investigated his eligibility to serve , known as the Reed Smoot hearings , and recommended against him , but the full Senate voted to seat him . Smoot continued to be re-elected to successive terms until he lost his seat in the 1932 elections . Smoot returned to Utah in 1933 . Retiring from politics and business , he devoted himself to the church . At the time of his death , he was third in the line of succession to lead the LDS Church .
A high school diploma is a North American academic school leaving qualification awarded upon high school graduation . The high school diploma is typically studied for over the course of three to four years , from grade 9 to grade 12 . The diploma is typically awarded by the school in accordance with the requirements of the local state or provincial government . Requirements for earning the diploma vary by jurisdiction , and there may be different requirements for different streams or levels of high school graduation . Typically they include a combination of selected coursework meeting specified criteria for a particular stream and acceptable passing grades earned on the state exit examination .
George Alexander Sutherland ( March 25 , 1862 - July 18 , 1942 ) was an English-born U.S. jurist and politician . One of four appointments to the Supreme Court by President Warren G. Harding , he served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court between 1922 and 1938 . As a member of the Republican Party , he also represented Utah in both houses of Congress . Born in Buckinghamshire , England , Sutherland and his family moved to Utah Territory in the 1860s . After attending the University of Michigan Law School , Sutherland established a legal practice in Provo , Utah and won election to the Utah State Senate . Sutherland won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1900 and to the United States Senate in 1905 . In Congress , Sutherland supported several progressive policies but generally aligned with the party 's conservative wing . He won re-election in 1911 but was defeated in the 1916 election by Democrat William H. King . Harding successfully nominated Sutherland to the Supreme Court in 1922 to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Associate Justice John Hessin Clarke . Sutherland made up part of the Four Horsemen , a group of conservative justices that often voted to strike down New Deal legislation . He retired from the Supreme Court in 1938 , and was succeeded by Stanley Forman Reed . Sutherland wrote the Court 's majority opinion in cases such as Village of Euclid , Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. , Powell v. Alabama , and U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp .
Arthur Vivian Watkins ( December 18 , 1886 - September 1 , 1973 ) was a Republican U.S . Senator from Utah , serving two terms from 1947 into 1959 . He was influential as a proponent of terminating federal recognition of American Indian tribes , in the belief that they should be assimilated and all special status lifted . In 1954 he chaired the Watkins Committee , which led to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy , who had made extensive allegations of communist infiltration of government and art groups . Watkins voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 .
Kyrsten Lea Sinema ( /ˈkɪərstən ˈsɪnəmə/ ; born July 12 , 1976 ) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Arizona since 2019 . A member of the Democratic Party , she served as the U.S. Representative from Arizona 's 9th congressional district from 2013 to 2019 . She previously served in both chambers of the Arizona State Legislature , having been elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2004 and the Arizona Senate in 2010 . Sinema began her political career as an activist for the Green Party before joining the Arizona Democratic Party in 2004 . In the 2012 elections , she was elected to the United States House of Representatives . After her election to the United States Congress , she shifted toward the political center , joining the conservative Democratic Blue Dog Coalition and the bipartisan Problem Solvers Caucus and amassing a reliably moderate-Democratic voting record . Sinema won the 2018 United States Senate election in Arizona to replace retiring Senator Jeff Flake , defeating Republican nominee Martha McSally . As an openly bisexual woman , Sinema has made history several times through her electoral success . In 2012 , she became the first openly bisexual person and second openly LGBT woman ( after Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin ) elected to the United States Congress . In 2018 , she became the first openly bisexual person and second openly LGBT person ( after Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin ) elected to the United States Senate as well as the first woman elected to the United States Senate from Arizona .