Discus throw
Women
Table:
Year

Distance

Athlete

Location

1968

62.54 m (205 ft 2 in)

Liesel Westermann (FRG)

Werdohl

1969

63.96 m (209 ft 10 in)

Liesel Westermann (FRG)

Hamburg

1970

63.66 m (208 ft 10+1⁄4 in)

Karin Illgen (GDR)

Leipzig

1971

64.88 m (212 ft 10+1⁄4 in)

Faina Melnik (URS)

Munich

1972

67.32 m (220 ft 10+1⁄4 in)

Argentina Menis (ROM)

Constanta

1973

69.48 m (227 ft 11+1⁄4 in)

Faina Melnik (URS)

Edinburgh

1974

69.90 m (229 ft 3+3⁄4 in)

Faina Melnik (URS)

Prague

1975

70.20 m (230 ft 3+3⁄4 in)

Faina Melnik (URS)

Zürich

1976

70.50 m (231 ft 3+1⁄2 in)

Faina Melnik (URS)

Sochi

1977

68.92 m (226 ft 1+1⁄4 in)

Sabine Engel (GDR)

Karl-Marx-Stadt

1978

70.72 m (232 ft 1⁄4 in)

Evelin Jahl (GDR)

Dresden

1979

69.82 m (229 ft 3⁄4 in)

Evelin Jahl (GDR)

Leipzig

1980

71.80 m (235 ft 6+3⁄4 in)

Maria Petkova (BUL)

Sofia

1981

71.46 m (234 ft 5+1⁄4 in)

Evelin Jahl (GDR)

Berlin

1982

71.40 m (234 ft 3 in)

Irina Meszynski (GDR)

Karl-Marx-Stadt

1983

73.26 m (240 ft 4+1⁄4 in)

Galina Savinkova (URS)

Leselidze

1984

74.56 m (244 ft 7+1⁄4 in)

Zdeňka Šilhavá (TCH)

Nitra

1985

72.96 m (239 ft 4+1⁄4 in)

Galina Savinkova (URS)

Erfurt

1986

73.26 m (240 ft 4+1⁄4 in)

Diana Gansky (GDR)

Neubrandenburg

1987

74.08 m (243 ft 1⁄2 in)

Diana Gansky (GDR)

Karl-Marx-Stadt

From the tabular data plus the background passages provided.

Respond to the question below: Who did the thrower with a recorded distance less than 63 m represent in the 1968 Olympics ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

While the most notable story coming out of 1968 was Socio-Political , politics involved with the Olympics was not something unique to this year . However , the year marked the beginning of several emerging elements of contemporary Track and Field .
Lieselotte Liesel Westermann-Krieg ( born Westermann on 2 November 1944 ) is a retired German discus thrower . She held the world record from 5 November 1967 to 12 August 1971 , with a two-months break in 1968 . She competed for West Germany at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and finished in second and fifth place , respectively . She won silver medals at the 1966 and 1971 European championships . For her athletics achievements Westermann was selected as the German Sportspersonality of the year in 1967 and 1969 , and inducted into the Germany 's Sports Hall of Fame in 2011 . After retiring from competitions Westermann worked as a teacher of physical education , eventually becoming a consultant for sports and health education with the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony . An avid opponent of doping ( she was once described as the last undoped discus world record holder ) she was a member of the Anti-Doping Commission of the German Sports Federation and the National Olympic Committee . Westermann is married and has four children . As a member of the Free Democratic Party she unsuccessfully contested district elections in 1984 .
Werdohl is a town in the district Märkischer Kreis , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .
Hamburg ( English : /ˈhæmbɜːrɡ/ , German : [ ˈhambʊʁk ] ( listen ) , locally also [ ˈhambʊɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) [ ˈhambɔːχ ] ; Low Saxon : Hamborg ) , officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( German : Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ; Low Saxon : Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg ) , is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million . One of Germany 's 16 federal states , it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south . The city 's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people . Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries , the River Alster and the River Bille . The official name reflects Hamburg 's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire . Before the 1871 Unification of Germany , it was a fully sovereign city state , and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten . Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg , North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids , the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe . Hamburg is Europe 's third-largest port . Major regional broadcaster NDR , the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city . Hamburg is the seat of Germany 's oldest stock exchange and the world 's oldest merchant bank , Berenberg Bank . Media , commercial , logistical , and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus , Blohm + Voss , Aurubis , Beiersdorf , and Unilever . The city hosts specialists in world economics and international law , including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , the EU-LAC Foundation , and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning , multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20 .
Karin Illgen ( born 7 April 1941 in Greifswald , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) is a female discus thrower , who competed for East Germany during her career . She represented East Germany at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , finishing in tenth place in the overall-rankings . Illgen is best known for winning the gold medal in the women 's discus event at the 1970 Summer Universiade in Torino . She also participated at the 1971 European Championships in Athletics , but was eliminated in the qualification round . She continues to throw in masters athletics .
Leipzig ( /ˈlaɪpsɪɡ/ , also US : /- ( t ) sɪk/ , German : [ ˈlaɪptsɪç ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Lipsk ; Upper Saxon : Leibzsch ) is the most populous city in the German federal state of Saxony . With a population of 600,000 inhabitants as of 2019 ( 1.1 million residents in the larger urban zone ) , it is Germany 's eighth most populous city as well as the second most populous city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin . Together with Halle ( Saale ) , the largest city of the neighbouring state of Saxony-Anhalt , the city forms the polycentric conurbation of Leipzig-Halle . Between the two cities ( in Schkeuditz ) lies Leipzig/Halle International Airport . Leipzig is located about 160 kilometres ( 99 mi ) southwest of Berlin in the Leipzig Bay , which constitutes the southernmost part of the North German Plain , at the confluence of the White Elster River ( progression : Saale→ Elbe→ North Sea ) and two of its tributaries : the Pleiße and the Parthe . The name of the city as well as the names of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin . Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire . The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii , two important medieval trade routes . Leipzig was once one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing . After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East German terms , but its cultural and economic importance declined . Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe , mainly through demonstrations starting from St. Nicholas Church . The immediate effects of the reunification of Germany included the collapse of the local economy , which had come to depend on highly polluting heavy industry , severe unemployment , and urban blight .
Faina Grigorievna Melnik ( Russian : Фаина Григорьевна Велева-Мельник , Ukrainian : Фаїна Григорівна Мельник ( Faina Hryhorivna Melnyk ) ; 9 June 1945 - 16 December 2016 ) was a Soviet discus thrower , a 1972 Summer Olympics champion in the discus event . During her career she set 11 world records .
Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 .
Argentina Menis ( born 19 July 1948 ) is a retired Romanian discus thrower who won silver medals at the 1972 Olympics and 1974 European Athletics Championships . She finished sixth at the 1976 Olympics . On 23 September 1972 she set a world record that stood for eight months . After retiring from competitions she worked at her club Dinamo București .
Constanța ( UK : /kɒnˈstæntsə/ , US : /kənˈstɑːn ( t ) sə/ , Romanian : [ konˈstantsa ] ( listen ) ; Greek : Κωνστάντζα , romanized : Kōnstántza , or Κωνστάντια Kōnstántia ; Bulgarian : Кюстенджа , romanized : Kjustendža , or Констанца Konstanca ; Turkish : Köstence ) , historically known as Tomis ( Ancient Greek : Τόμις ) , is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania . It was founded around 600 BC . The city is located in the Northern Dobruja region of Romania , on the Black Sea coast . It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region of Dobruja . As of the 2011 census , Constanța has a population of 283,872 , making it the fifth most populous city in Romania . The Constanța metropolitan area includes 14 localities within 30 km ( 19 mi ) of the city , and with a total population of 425,916 inhabitants , it is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Romania . The Port of Constanța has an area of 39.26 km2 ( 15.16 sq mi ) and a length of about 30 km ( 19 mi ) . [ citation needed ] It is the largest port on the Black Sea , and one of the largest ports in Europe .
Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 .
Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city .
Zürich ( German : Zürich ; French : Zurich ; Italian : Zurigo ; Romansh : Turitg ) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich . It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich . The municipality has approximately 430,000 inhabitants , the urban area ( agglomeration ) 1.315 million and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million . Zürich is a hub for railways , roads , and air traffic . Both Zurich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country . Permanently settled for over 2,000 years , Zürich was founded by the Romans , who , in 15 BC , called it Turicum . However , early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years ( although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early ) . During the Middle Ages , Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and , in 1519 , became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli . The official language of Zürich is German , [ a ] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect , Zürich German . Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city , including the Swiss National Museum , the Kunsthaus and newer Theater 11 in Oerlikon . Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world . Zürich is among the world 's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population .
Sochi ( Russian : Со́чи , IPA : [ ˈsotɕɪ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Krasnodar Krai , Russia , located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia . The Greater Sochi area , which includes territories and localities subordinated to Sochi proper , has a total area of 3,526 square kilometers ( 1,361 sq mi ) and sprawls for 145 kilometers ( 90 mi ) along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains . [ citation needed ] The area of the city proper is 176.77 square kilometers ( 68.25 sq mi ) . According to the 2010 Census , the city had a permanent population of 343,334 , up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census , making it Russia 's largest resort city . Being part of the Caucasian Riviera , it is one of the very few places in Russia with a subtropical climate , with warm to hot summers and mild winters . With the alpine and Nordic events held at the nearby ski resort of Rosa Khutor in Krasnaya Polyana , Sochi hosted the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014 , as well as the Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2014 until at least 2020 . It was also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup .
Sabine Engel ( born 21 April 1954 in Prenzlau , Bezirk Neubrandenburg ) is a retired East German discus thrower . She finished fifth at the 1976 Summer Olympics , third at the 1977 World Cup and fourth at the 1978 European Championships . She represented the sports team SC Neubrandenburg and became East German champion in 1975 . Her personal best throw was 68.92 metres , achieved in June 1977 in Karl-Marx-Stadt . This result ranks her tenth among German discus throwers , behind Gabriele Reinsch , Ilke Wyludda , Diana Gansky-Sachse , Irina Meszynski , Gisela Beyer , Martina Hellmann-Opitz , Evelin Jahl , Silvia Madetzky and Franka Dietzsch .
Chemnitz ( German : [ ˈkɛmnɪts ] ( listen ) , from 1953 to 1990 : Karl-Marx-Stadt ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Kamjenica ; Czech : Saská Kamenice ) is the third largest city in the German federal state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden . It is the 28th largest city of Germany as well as the fourth largest city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin , Leipzig and Dresden . The city is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region , and lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains , stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau , Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast . Located in the Ore Mountain Basin , the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hill Country to the north . The city stands on the Chemnitz River ( progression : Zwickauer Mulde→ Mulde→ Elbe→ North Sea ) , which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zwönitz and Würschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz . The name of the city as well as the names of the rivers are of Slavic origin . Chemnitz is the third largest in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig and Dresden . The city 's economy is based on the service sector and manufacturing industry . Chemnitz University of Technology has around 10,000 students .
Evelin Jahl ( née Schlaak and later Herberg , born 28 March 1956 in Annaberg-Buchholz , Saxony , East Germany ) is a German former discus thrower , who won two Olympic gold medals representing East Germany . In 1976 she won the women 's discus throwing event at the Montreal Summer Olympics defeating favourite and world record holder Faina Melnik . In 1978 she set a new world record and also won the European Championships . Two years later Jahl defended the Olympic title in Moscow , again relegating Vergova , also competing under her married name ( Petkova ) , into second place . From 1980 until 2016 Jahl was the only discus thrower to defend her Olympic title and win two Olympic gold medals . Her feat was equalled by Sandra Perković of Croatia on 17 August 2016 at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . She retired from throwing in 1982 after an injury . She later became GDR chairperson of a commission in the GDR track and field association DVfL . After the 1976 Olympics she married shot putter Norbert Jahl und competed under her married name for the rest of her sporting career . Shortly after her retirement , she married the swim trainer Harald Herberg but she soon divorced him .
Dresden ( /ˈdrɛzdən/ , German : [ ˈdʁeːsdn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Drježdźany ; Czech : Drážďany ; Polish : Drezno ) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city , following only Leipzig . It is the 12th most populous city of Germany , the third largest by area ( following only Berlin , Hamburg and Cologne ) , and the third most populous city in the area of former East Germany , following only ( East ) Berlin and Leipzig . Dresden is contiguous with Freital , Pirna , Radebeul , Meissen and Coswig , and its urban area has around 780,000 inhabitants , making it the largest in Saxony . Dresden is the largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg . [ a ] Most of Dresden 's population lives in the Elbe Valley , but a large , albeit very sparsely populated area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands ( the westernmost part of the Sudetes ) and thus in Lusatia , while many boroughs west of the Elbe lie in the foreland of the Ore Mountains as well as in the valleys of the rivers rising there and flowing through Dresden , the longest of which are the Weißeritz and the Lockwitzbach . The name of the city as well as the names of most of its boroughs and rivers are of Slavic origin . Dresden is the second largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area , following only Leipzig . The Sorbian language area begins east of the city , in Lusatia . Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony , who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor , and was once by personal union the family seat of Polish monarchs . The city was known as the Jewel Box , because of its baroque and rococo city centre . The controversial American and British bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000 people , many of whom were civilians , and destroyed the entire city centre . After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city , including the Katholische Hofkirche , the Zwinger and the Semper Oper .
This page contains an overview of the year 1979 in athletics .
This page contains an overview of the year 1980 in athletics . The major athletics event of the year was the 1980 Moscow Olympics . A boycott of this competition meant many of world 's leading athletes did not face each other , with many of the boycotting athletes taking part in the rival Liberty Bell Classic competition . A further global event , the 1980 World Championships in Athletics , was held specifically for women athletes in the 400 metres hurdles and 3000 metres disciplines , as neither event featured on the Olympic programme in spite of IAAF approval .
Mariya Dimitrova Petkova ( Bulgarian : Мария Димитрова Петкова , née Vergova ( Вергова ) ; born 3 November 1950 in Plovdiv ) is a retired Bulgarian discus thrower . In 1976 she won an Olympic silver medal behind Evelin Schlaak , a standing that would repeat itself in 1980 . This year she also achieved a personal best throw of 71.80 metres . In 1982 she won a European Championship silver medal behind countrywoman Tsvetanka Khristova , who is twelve years younger . One year later Petkova won the bronze medal at the first World Championships in Athletics .
Sofia ( /ˈsoʊfiə , ˈsɒf- , soʊˈfiːə/ SOH-fee-ə , SOF- ; Bulgarian : София , romanized : Sofiya , IPA : [ ˈsɔfijɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria . The city is at the foot of Vitosha mountain in the western part of the country . Being in the centre of the Balkans , it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea , and closest to the Aegean Sea . Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union . The city is surrounded by mountains , such as Mount Vitosha by the southern side , Lyulin by the western side , and the Balkan Mountains by the north , which makes it the second highest European capital after Madrid . The city is built on the Iskar river , and has many mineral springs , such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths . Sofia has a humid continental climate . Sofia has been described as the 'triangle of religious tolerance ' . This is due to the fact that three colossal temples of the three world major religions - Christianity , Islam and Judaism , reside inside the borders of the city , which are the Sveta Nedelya Church , Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue . Being Bulgaria 's primate city , Sofia is a hometown of many of the major local universities , cultural institutions and commercial companies . Sofia is one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world , especially in information technologies . Sofia was Europe 's most affordable capital to visit in 2013 .
This page contains an overview of the year 1981 in athletics .
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .
This page contains an overview of the year 1982 in athletics .
Irina Meszynski ( born 24 March 1962 in Berlin ) is a retired East German discus thrower . On 17 August 1984 Meszynski set a world record in women 's discus throw at boycott inspired Friendship Games of 73.36 meters . Her record lasted barely a week before it was bested by Zdeňka Šilhavá with a mark that puts Šilhavá as equal to the number 2 thrower in history . Today , Meszynski 's result is enough to occupy the sixth place on the world all-time list and a fourth place on the German all-time list behind Gabriele Reinsch , Ilke Wyludda and Diana Gansky-Sachse . Her career highlights include a gold medal with 60.30 m at the 1979 European Junior Championships , an eighth place with 63.78 m at the 1982 European Championships in Athletics and a fourth place with 65.20 m at the 1986 European Championships in Athletics . She represented the sports team TSC Berlin and became East German champion in 1982 . She weighed 97 kg , and stood 1.76 m tall .
This page contains an overview of the year 1983 in athletics .
Galina Savinkova ( Russian : Галина Савинкова ; born 15 July 1953 ) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Soviet Union , who set the world record in the women 's discus throw on 23 May 1983 with a distance of 73.26 metres . A year later , on 8 September 1984 in Donetsk , she reached 73.28 metres . That mark still is the Russian national record .
Leselidze ( Georgian : ლესელიძე , Leselidze ; Abkhazian : Гьачрыҧшь , G'achryphsh ; Russian : Леселидзе , Гечрипш ) is a town in Abkhazia . [ note 1 ] Formerly named Yermolovsk , the town is located on the shores of the Black Sea and is 14 kilometers from the city of Gagra .
This page contains an overview of the year 1984 in the sport of athletics .
Zdeňka Bartoňová-Šilhavá ( born 15 June 1954 in Krnov , Czechoslovakia ) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Czech Republic , who set the world record in the women 's discus throw on 26 August 1984 with a distance of 74.56 metres ( 244.6 ft ) . That mark still is the national record . Šilhavá represented Czechoslovakia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea , finishing in sixth place ( 67.84 metres ( 222.6 ft ) ) in the women 's discus , and in eleventh place in the women 's shot put event ( 18.86 metres ( 61.9 ft ) ) . She threw again in the 1996 Summer Olympics at the age of 42 . Three years after the Olympics , she threw masters W45 world records in both the shot put and discus that still stand .
Nitra ( Slovak pronunciation : [ ˈɲitra ] ( listen ) ; also known by other alternative names ) is a city in western Slovakia , situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra . With a population of about 76,655 it is the fifth-largest city in Slovakia . Nitra is also one of the oldest cities in Slovakia ; it was the political center of the Principality of Nitra . Today , it is a seat of a kraj ( Nitra Region ) and an okres ( Nitra District ) .
This page contains an overview of the year 1985 in the sport of athletics .
Erfurt ( /ˈɛərfɜːrt/ AIR-furt , /ˈɛərfʊərt/ AIR-foort ; German pronunciation : [ ˈɛʁfʊʁt ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city in the state of Thuringia , central Germany . Erfurt lies in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin , within the wide valley of the Gera river . It is located 100 km ( 62 mi ) south-west of Leipzig , 300 km ( 186 mi ) south-west of Berlin , 400 km ( 249 mi ) north of Munich and 250 km ( 155 mi ) north-east of Frankfurt . Together with a string of neighbouring cities Gotha , Weimar , Jena and others , Erfurt forms the central metropolitan corridor of Thuringia called Thüringer Städtekette ( German Thuringian city chain ) with over 500,000 inhabitants . Erfurt 's old town is one of the best preserved medieval city centres in Germany . Tourist attractions include the Krämerbrücke ( Merchants ' bridge ) , the Old Synagogue , the ensemble of Erfurt Cathedral and Severikirche ( St Severus 's Church ) and Petersberg Citadel , one of the largest and best preserved town fortresses in Europe . The city 's economy is based on agriculture , horticulture and microelectronics . Its central location has led to it becoming a logistics hub for Germany and central Europe . Erfurt hosts the second-largest trade fair in eastern Germany ( after Leipzig ) as well as the public television children 's channel KiKa . The city is situated on the Via Regia , a medieval trade and pilgrims ' road network . Modern day Erfurt is also a hub for ICE high speed trains and other German and European transport networks . Erfurt was first mentioned in 742 , as Saint Boniface founded the diocese .
This page contains an overview of the year 1986 in the sport of athletics .
Diana Gansky ( née Sachse , born 14 December 1963 in Bergen auf Rügen , Bezirk Rostock ) is a German track and field athlete . She won an Olympic medal and was one of the world 's best discus throwers . She represented East Germany and was the 1986 European champion ( with her birth name Sachse ) . In 1987 and 1988 she was second in both the world championship and the Olympic games . Gansky won the European Junior Championship as a 17-year-old in 1981 , but she needed a few more years before she was able to compete with the already strong discus team of East Germany . She stood in the shadows of Martina Hellmann ( who she only beat at the 1986 European championship ) . For a long time she trained with Gabriele Reinsch , the world record holder since July 1988 when she threw 76.80 meters . During her career Gansky reached 70 meters in 24 meetings , more than any other woman . She represented ASK Vorwärts Potsdam and trained with Lothar Hillebrand . During her active career she was 1.84 meters tall and weighed 92 kilograms . She studied sports science , and at the time of German reunification she became a self-employed physiotherapist . Later she became active on the senior sports circuit and became the 2002 European Masters Champion ( age 35-40 ) .
Neubrandenburg ( lit . New Brandenburg , IPA : [ nɔʏˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk ] ) is a city in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany . It is located on the shore of a lake called Tollensesee and forms the urban centre of the Mecklenburg Lakeland . The city is famous for its rich medieval heritage of Brick Gothic , especially the world 's best preserved defensive wall of this style , and the Concert Church ( Saint Mary ) , home venue of the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic . Neubrandenburg is nicknamed for its four medieval city gates - Stadt der Vier Tore ( City of Four Gates ) . It is part of the European Route of Brick Gothic , a route which leads through seven countries along the Baltic Sea coast . Since 2011 , Neubrandenburg is the capital of the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district . It is the third-largest city and one of the main urban centres of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . The city is an economical node of northeastern Germany , featuring one of the highest national ranks in employment density and GDP per capita . The closest greater urban areas are the regiopolis of Rostock and the metropolises of Szczecin , Berlin and Hamburg . Since 1991 , Neubrandenburg hosts a University of Applied Sciences that also offers international exchanges , guest programs and studies .
This page contains an overview of the year 1987 in athletics .