Succession of power in China
Constitutional Mechanism
Table:
Hanzi	Name	Year of birth	K	Office ( s )

习近平	Xi Jinping	1953	-	General Secretary of the Communist Party of China President of the People 's Republic of China Chairman of the Central Military Commission

李克强	Li Keqiang	1955	-	Premier of the State Council

栗战书	Li Zhanshu	1950	-	Chairman of the National People 's Congress Standing Committee

汪洋	Wang Yang	1955	-	Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference

王沪宁	Wang Huning	1955	-	Secretary of the Central Secretariat ( first-ranked )

赵乐际	Zhao Leji	1957	-	Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

韩正	Han Zheng	1954	-	Vice Premier of the State Council ( first-ranked )

丁薛祥	Ding Xuexiang	1962	-	Director of the General Office

王晨	Wang Chen	1950	-	Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress

刘鹤	Liu He	1952	-	Vice Premier of the State Council

许其亮	Xu Qiliang	1950	§	Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission

孙春兰	Sun Chunlan	1950	♀	Vice Premier of the State Council

李希	Li Xi	1956	-	Party Secretary of Guangdong

李强	Li Qiang	1959	-	Party Secretary of Shanghai

李鸿忠	Li Hongzhong	1956	-	Party Secretary of Tianjin

胡春华	Hu Chunhua	1963	-	Vice Premier of the State Council

杨洁篪	Yang Jiechi	1950	-	Director of the Office of Foreign Affairs

杨晓渡	Yang Xiaodu	1953	-	Director of the National Supervisory Commission

张又侠	Zhang Youxia	1950	§	Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission

陈希	Chen Xi	1953	-	Head of the Organization Department

Using the following table together with the context snippets below.

Provide an answer to this question: What is the year of birth of the leader who is seen as one of the leading reformers in China 's top leadership ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Chinese characters ( simplified Chinese : 汉字 ; traditional Chinese : 漢字 ; pinyin : hànzì ; literally : 'Han characters ' ) are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese . They have been adapted to write a number of other Asian languages . They remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as kanji . Chinese characters constitute the oldest continuously used system of writing in the world . By virtue of their widespread current use in East Asia , and historic use throughout the Sinosphere , Chinese characters are among the most widely adopted writing systems in the world by number of users . Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands , though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts . Unlike an alphabet , a character-based writing system associates each logogram with an entire sound and thus may be compared in some aspects to a syllabary . Functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters . In Japan , 2,136 are taught through secondary school ( the Jōyō kanji ) ; hundreds more are in everyday use . Due to post-WWII simplifications of characters in Japan as well as in China , the Chinese characters used in Japan today are distinct from those used in China in several respects . There are various national standard lists of characters , forms , and pronunciations . Simplified forms of certain characters are used in mainland China , Singapore , and Malaysia ; the corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , Macau , and to a limited extent in South Korea .
Xi Jinping ( /ʃiː dʒɪnˈpɪŋ/ ; Chinese : 习近平 ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ ɕǐ tɕîn.pʰǐŋ ] ; born 15 June 1953 ) is a Chinese politician serving as the general secretary of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , president of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , and chairman of the Central Military Commission ( CMC ) . Xi has been the paramount leader , the highest-ranking official in China , since 2012 and he officially received the title of leadership core from the CPC in 2016 . The son of Chinese Communist veteran Xi Zhongxun , he was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father 's purge during the Cultural Revolution , and lived in a cave in the village of Liangjiahe , where he worked as the party secretary . After studying at the Tsinghua University as a Worker-Peasant-Soldier student , Xi rose through the ranks politically in China 's coastal provinces . Xi was governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002 . He was also governor , then party secretary of neighbouring Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007 . Following the dismissal of the party secretary of Shanghai Chen Liangyu , Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007 . He joined the Politburo Standing Committee and central secretariat in October 2007 , spending the next five years as Chinese paramount leader Hu Jintao 's presumed successor . Xi was vice president from 2008 to 2013 and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2010 to 2012 . Xi is the first general secretary born after the establishment of the People 's Republic of China . Since assuming power , Xi has introduced far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and to impose internal unity . His anti-corruption campaign has led to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired Communist Party officials , including members of the Politburo Standing Committee .
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese : 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 ) is head of the Communist Party of China and the highest-ranking official within the People 's Republic of China . The General Secretary is a standing member of the Politburo and head of the Secretariat . The officeholder is usually considered the paramount leader of China . According to the Constitution , the General Secretary serves as an ex officio member of the Politburo Standing Committee , China 's de facto top decision-making body . Since 1989 , the holder of the post has been , except for transitional periods , the Chairman of the Central Military Commission , making the holder the Supreme Military Command of the People 's Liberation Army . [ note 1 ] The General Secretary is nominally elected by the Central Committee . In practice , the de facto method of selecting the General Secretary has varied over time . The two most recent General Secretaries , Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping , were first elevated to the position of First Secretary of the Secretariat in the same process used to select the membership and roles of the Politburo Standing Committee . Under this informal process , the First Secretary would succeed the retiring General Secretary as part of a generational leadership transition . The current General Secretary is Xi Jinping , who took office on 15 November 2012 and was re-elected on 25 October 2017 .
The president of the People 's Republic of China is the head of state of the People 's Republic of China . Under the country 's constitution , the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited power . However , since 1993 , as a matter of convention , the presidency has been held simultaneously by the general secretary of the Communist Party of China , the top leader in the one party system . The presidency is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post ; theoretically , the president serves at the pleasure of the National People 's Congress , the legislature , and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative . [ note 1 ] The current president is Xi Jinping , who took office in March 2013 . Since 1993 , apart from brief periods of transition , the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the president , the leader of the party ( as General Secretary ) , and the commander-in-chief of the military ( as the chairman of the Central Military Commission ) . This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles . For example , the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President , issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission , and upholds party rule as the general secretary of the Communist Party of China . The presidency was first established in the Constitution of the People 's Republic of China in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi . Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution , after which the presidency became vacant . The presidency was abolished under the Constitution of 1975 , then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982 , but with reduced powers . The official English-language translation of the title was Chairman ; after 1982 , this translation was changed to President , although the Chinese title remains unchanged .
The Chairman of the Central Military Commission ( Chinese : 中央军事委员会主席 ) is the head of the Central Military Commission of the People 's Republic of China ( CMC ) and thereby the commander-in-chief of the People 's Liberation Army . The officeholder is usually General Secretary of the Communist Party of China or Chairman of the Communist Party of China . According to Chapter 3 , Section 4 of the Constitution of the People 's Republic of China , The Central Military Commission of the People 's Republic of China directs the armed forces of the country . The Central Military Commission is composed of the following : The Chairman ; The Vice-Chairmen ; and Members . The term of office of the Central Military Commission is the same as that of the National People 's Congress . Two people currently serve as Vice-Chairmen . The CMC Chairman is the supreme commander of the world 's largest military forces , People 's Liberation Army , People 's Armed Police and People 's Liberation Army militia . Furthermore , the officeholder is vested with the command authority over the nuclear arsenals . According to the principle of Party Commands the Gun [ zh ] , the officeholder of this post would also assume the responsibility of the state counterpart .
Li Keqiang ( /liː kəˈtʃjɑːŋ/ ; Chinese : 李克强 ; Mandarin : [ lì kʰɤ̂.tɕʰjǎŋ ] ; born 1 July 1955 ) is a Chinese politician who is the current Premier of the State Council of the People 's Republic of China . An economist by trade , Li is China 's head of government as well as one of the leading figures behind China 's Financial and Economic Affairs , Foreign Affairs , National Security and Deepening Reforms . He is also the second-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China , the de facto top decision-making body of the country . Li is a major part of the fifth generation of Chinese leadership along with General Secretary Xi Jinping . Li was named the world 's 12th most powerful person by Forbes in their list of the world 's most powerful people in 2015 and 2016 . Li rose through the ranks through his involvement in the Communist Youth League . From 1998 to 2004 , Li served as the Governor of Henan and the province 's party secretary . From 2004 to 2007 he served as the Party Secretary of Liaoning , the top political office in the province . From 2008 to 2013 , Li served as the first-ranked Vice-Premier [ note 1 ] under then-Premier Wen Jiabao , overseeing a broad portfolio which included economic development , price controls , finance , climate change , and macroeconomic management . Given his Youth League experience , Li has generally been considered a political ally of former leader Hu Jintao . Li assumed the post of Premier in 2013 , and has facilitated the Chinese government 's shifting of priorities from export-led growth to a greater focus on internal consumption . Li has also been a major force behind the implementation of the comprehensively deepening reforms announced in the fall of 2013 .
The Premier of the State Council of the People 's Republic of China , sometimes also referred to informally as the Prime Minister , is the Leader of the State Council of China ( a.k.a . the Central People 's Government ) , who is the head of government and holds the highest rank ( Level 1 ) in the Civil Service . This position replaced the role of Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People 's Government ( Chinese : 中央人民政府政务院总理 ) , which existed from 1949 to 1954 . The Premier is formally approved by the National People 's Congress upon the nomination of the President . In practice , the candidate is chosen within the Communist Party of China through the same process that determines the composition of the Politburo Standing Committee . Both the President and the Premier are selected once every five years . The premier is limited to two terms , but the president is not . The Premier has always been a member of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China . The current Premier is Li Keqiang , who took office on 15 March 2013 . He succeeded Wen Jiabao .
Li Zhanshu ( Chinese : 栗战书 ; pinyin : Lì Zhànshū ; born August 30 , 1950 ) is a Chinese politician , and the current Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress , head of China 's top legislative body . He is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee , China 's top decision-making body . Li began his political career in rural regions of his native Hebei province , methodically rising through the ranks as the Communist Party Secretary of Xi'an , Governor of Heilongjiang province , and the Party Secretary of Guizhou province . In 2012 he was transferred to become chief of the General Office of the Communist Party of China . Following the 18th Party Congress , Li became one of the top advisors to party General Secretary Xi Jinping .
The Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress ( NPCSC ; Chinese : 全国人民代表大会常务委员会 ) is the permanent body of the National People 's Congress ( NPC ) of the People 's Republic of China . Both the NPC and the NPCSC exercise the legislative power of the state . The NPCSC oversees the election of the NPC , and can extend the term of the current NPC by a put off election by at most a year with a two thirds majority vote . The NPCSC convenes the NPC once a year , and may do so when it finds it necessary or with a proposal from one fifth of NPC 's members . The NPCSC holds power until the succeeding NPC elects its standing committee . Members of the NPCSC must not , at the same time , hold executive , judicial , supervisory positions . In contrast , members of the NPC do not have this restriction . The NPCSC has the power to interpret the laws of the PRC , including its constitution . In contrast to other countries in which stare decisis gives the power of both final interpretation and adjudication to a supreme court , within Mainland China constitutional and legal interpretation is considered to be a legislative activity rather than a judicial one , and the functions are split so that the NPCSC provides legal interpretations while the Supreme People 's Court actually decides cases . Because an interpretation of the NPCSC is legislative in nature and not judicial , it does not affect cases which have already been decided . A notable use of the constitutional interpretation power occurred in 1999 over the Right of Abode issue in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Lau Kong Yung v. Director of Immigration . The NPCSC interpreted the Basic Law of Hong Kong in accordance with the position taken by the Hong Kong government with respect to the eligibility of permanent residency in Hong Kong .
Wang Yang ( Chinese : 汪洋 ; born 12 March 1955 ) is a Chinese politician . He is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee , and Chairman of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference . Wang was one of the four Vice Premiers of China in Premier Li Keqiang 's Government between 2013 and 2018 . Until December 2012 , he served as the Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong , the province 's top political office . He served as the party secretary of Chongqing , an interior municipality , from 2005 to 2007 . Wang also held a seat on the Politburo of the Communist Party of China beginning in 2007 . Wang is seen as one of the leading reformers in China 's top leadership , and is often credited with pioneering the Guangdong model of development , characterized by an emphasis on private enterprise , economic growth and a greater role for civil society . He is widely considered to be one of the most strongly 'liberal ' members of the Chinese elite , advocating for economic and political reform .
The Chairperson of the National Committee of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference ( simplified Chinese : 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会主席 ; traditional Chinese : 中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會主席 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó Rénmín Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng Huìyì Quanguo Weiyuanhui Zhǔxí ) is the leader of the National Committee of the Chinese People 's Political Consultative Conference ( National CPPCC ) , which is a political advisory body in the People 's Republic of China . The current Chairman is Wang Yang , who is the 4th-ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee .
Wang Huning ( Chinese : 王沪宁 ; born October 6 , 1955 ) is a Chinese political theorist and one of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China , a current member of the party 's Politburo Standing Committee ( China 's top decision-making body ) and first-ranked secretary of the party 's Secretariat . He served as secretary of the Secretariat between 2007 and 2012 , and as the head of the Central Policy Research Office since 2002 . He was named chairman of Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization in November 2017 . Wang is believed to have been one of the principal architects behind the official political ideologies of three paramount leaders : Three Represents by Jiang Zemin , the Scientific Development Concept by Hu Jintao , and the Chinese Dream and Xi Jinping Thought of Xi Jinping .
The Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of China is a body serving the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and its Standing Committee . The secretariat is mainly responsible for carrying out routine operations of the Politburo and the coordination of organizations and stakeholders to achieve tasks as set out by the Politburo . It is empowered by the Politburo to make routine day-to-day decisions on issues of concern in accordance to the decisions of the Politburo , but it must consult the Politburo on substantive matters . The secretariat was set up in January 1934 . It is nominally headed by General Secretary , though the position of General Secretary was not always one and the same as the top party leader . Secretaries of the secretariat ( Shujichu Shuji ) are considered some of the most important political positions in the Communist Party and in contemporary China more generally . By protocol , its members are ranked above the vice chairmen of the National People 's Congress as well as State Councilors . The General Secretary presides over the work of the secretariat .
Zhao Leji ( Chinese : 赵乐际 ; born 8 March 1957 ) is a senior leader of the Communist Party of China and the Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection , the party 's top anti-corruption body . Additionally , he is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee , the party 's top decision making body . In his earlier political career , he served as the Communist Party Secretary of Qinghai , the party secretary of Shaanxi , and the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . He entered the Politburo in 2012 , and was promoted to the Standing Committee five years later .
The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection ( CCDI ) [ note 1 ] is the highest internal control institution of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) , tasked with enforcing internal rules and regulations and combating corruption and malfeasance in the Party . Since the vast majority of officials at all levels of government are also Communist Party members , the commission is in practice the top anti-corruption body in China . The modern commission was established at the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in December 1978 . Control systems had existed previously under the name Central Control Commission for a brief period in 1927 and again between 1955 and 1968 , and under its present name from 1949 to 1955 . It was disbanded during the Cultural Revolution in 1969 . In 1993 , the internal operations of the agency and the government 's Ministry of Supervision ( MOS ) were merged . Although the commission is theoretically independent of the Party 's executive institutions such as the Central Committee and its Politburo , historically the work of the CCDI has been directed by the Party 's top leaders . However , beginning with Hu Jintao 's term as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China in November 2002 , and especially following Xi Jinping 's assumption of the party leadership in November 2012 , the CCDI has undergone significant reforms to make it more independent from party operations below the Central Committee . According to the Party 's Constitution , the members of the CCDI are elected by the National Congress and serve for a term of five years . After the national congress in which it is elected , the CCDI convenes to elect its Secretary , deputy secretaries , secretary general and Standing Committee . Elected officials must then be endorsed by the Central Committee to take office . The Secretary of the CCDI has , since 1997 , been a member of the Politburo Standing Committee and , since 2009 , served as the leader of the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work .
Han Zheng ( Chinese : 韩正 ; pinyin : Hán Zhèng ; born April 1954 ) is a Chinese politician serving as Vice Premier of the State Council and Politburo Standing Committee member of the Communist Party of China . He served as Mayor of Shanghai between 2003 and 2012 . In November 2012 , he was promoted to become the Party Secretary of Shanghai , the top political post in the city , and also gained a seat on the Politburo . Han was once considered a member of the Shanghai clique , headed by former Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin .
The Vice-Premier of the State Council of the People 's Republic of China ( simplified Chinese : 中华人民共和国国务院副总理 ; traditional Chinese : 中華人民共和國國務院副總理 ; pinyin : Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn Fùzǒnglǐ ) are high-ranking executive assistants to the Premier . Generally , the title is held by multiple individuals at one time , with each Vice Premier holding a broad portfolio of responsibilities . The highest-ranked office holder is informally called the First-ranked Vice Premier ( Senior Vice Premier ) . The 1st-ranked VP takes over duties of the Premier at the time of the latter 's incapacity . Current Vice -Premiers , in order of rank , are Han Zheng , Sun Chunlan , Hu Chunhua and Liu He . In irregular instances , the position of a Senior Vice-Premier ( 第一副总理 ) has been named either to indicate degree of power , nominal power , or when the Premier is incapacitated and requires a full-time assistant to carry out his regular duties . The most prominent case of this is Deng Xiaoping between 1978 and 1980 .
Ding Xuexiang ( Chinese : 丁薛祥 ; born September 1962 ) is an important political aide of Xi Jinping , current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China . Ding is the current director of the General Office of the Communist Party of China . Ding served on Xi 's staff beginning in Shanghai , then followed him to Beijing . He is also a member of the 19th Party Politburo , and a Secretary of the Party Secretariat .
The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China , often referred to as the Central Office ( 中办 ) , is an office directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in charge of the routine administrative affairs of the Central Committee and its Politburo . The office is responsible for drafting and circulating party directives and internal memos , as well as the classification of party information . It is in charge of arranging logistics for major meetings of the Central Committee and its Politburo . It is responsible for preparing meeting agendas , recording and filing meeting minutes , and distribution of communications to meeting stakeholders . Although its business is often not overtly political , its Directors have historically had close connections with the Party 's top leaders , and usually join the Politburo or the Secretariat after their period leading the General Office . The Director of the General office has been informally referred to as the Danei Zongguan ( 大内总管 ) , roughly translated as the gatekeeper or head eunuch . The General Office 's establishment date is uncertain , though it existed by 1942 as Li Fuchun was its chief at that time ; previously , its functions were exercised by the Organization Department or technical secretariats .
Wang Chen ( Chinese : 王晨 ; pinyin : Wáng Chén ; born December 1950 ) is a Chinese journalist and politician . He served as Director of State Council Information Office from 2008 to 2013 , and currently serves as the Secretary-General of the 12th National People 's Congress Standing Committee . Wang was born in Beijing in 1950 . He served in Guangming Daily agency for many years , and became the editor in chief of that newspaper in 1995 . In June 2000 he was appointed as Deputy Director of Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China . In August 2001 , he became the Editor in Chief of People 's Daily . In October of same year , he became vice chairman of China National Journalist Association . He was promoted to president of People 's Daily Agency . In March 2003 , he became the chairman of Chinese Newspapers Association . From 2008 to 2013 , he served as Director of the Information Office of the State Council . He was appointed Director of the newly created State Internet Information Office under the Information Office in May 2011 . He is a member of the 19th Party Politburo .
The Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress ( simplified Chinese : 全国人民代表大会常务委员会副委员长 ; traditional Chinese : 全國人民代表大會常務委員會副委員長 ; pinyin : Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì Fùwěiyuánzhăng ) is a political office in the People 's Republic of China . According to the Constitution of the People 's Republic of China , Vice-Chairpersons are responsible for assisting the Chairman in performing his duties as chair of the Standing Committee of the National People 's Congress . Since 1982 , Vice-Chairpersons are appointed for a term of five years , and can not serve for more than two terms , similar with the Deputy Speaker of the Chinese Parliament .
Liu He ( Chinese : 刘鹤 ; pinyin : Liú Hè ; born 25 January 1952 ) is a Chinese economist and politician , a current member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the Vice Premier of the People 's Republic of China . Liu is also the director of the Office serving the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission of the Communist Party of China ; the latter headed by Party General Secretary Xi Jinping . He was named vice-premier on 19 March 2018 and is heading the Financial Stability and Development Committee .
Xu Qiliang ( Chinese : 许其亮 ; pinyin : Xǔ Qíliàng ; born March 1950 ) is an air force general in the People 's Liberation Army Air Force ( PLAAF ) of the People 's Republic of China . He currently serves as Vice chairman of the Central Military Commission , and was Commander of the PLAAF from 2007 to 2012 .
The office of Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission ( CMC ) functions as the deputy to the CMC Chairman . Currently , two People 's Liberation Army generals serve as vice-chairman .
Sun Chunlan ( Chinese : 孙春兰 ; born May 1950 ) is a Chinese politician , a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China , and a Vice Premier of the People 's Republic of China . From 2009 to 2014 , Sun served in two prominent regional posts , first as Communist Party Secretary of Fujian province , then Party Secretary of Tianjin , one of China 's four direct-controlled municipalities . Her tenure in Fujian made her the second female provincial-level party chief since the founding of the People 's Republic of China in 1949 ( the first was Wan Shaofen ) . Between 2014 and 2017 , she served as head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China . Prior to Sun leading Fujian , Sun served as the party chief of the coastal city of Dalian and as the First Secretary of All-China Federation of Trade Unions .
Li Xi ( Chinese : 李希 ; pinyin : Lǐ Xī ; born October 1956 ) is a Chinese politician . He is a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the current Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong province . Li spent much of his career in northwestern China , and served as the party chief of the revolutionary base of Yan'an . He then served as the deputy party chief of Shanghai , then Governor of Liaoning province , then promoted to party secretary .
Guangdong ( alternately romanized as Canton Province or Kwangtung ) is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of South China Sea . The capital of the province is Guangzhou . With a population of 113.46 million ( as of 2018 ) across a total area of about 179,800 km2 ( 69,400 sq mi ) , Guangdong is the most populous province of China and the 15th-largest by area . Its economy is larger than that of any other province in the nation and the 6th largest sub-national economy in the world with a GDP size of 1.47 trillion US dollars ( 9.73 trillion Chinese yuan ) in 2018 . The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone , a Chinese megalopolis , is a core for high technology , manufacturing and foreign trade . Located in this zone are two of the four top Chinese cities and the top two Chinese prefecture-level cities by GDP ; Guangzhou , the capital of the province , and Shenzhen , the first special economic zone in the country . These two are among the most populous and important cities in China , and have now become two of the world 's most populous megacities . The province of Guangdong surpassed Henan and Shandong to become the most populous province in China in January 2005 , registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year ; the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census , accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China 's population . This makes it the most populous first-level administrative subdivision of any country outside of South Asia , as its population is surpassed only by those of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the Indian states of Bihar , Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh . Its population increase since the census has been modest , the province registering 108,500,000 people in 2015 . Most of the historical Guangdong Province is administered by the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) . However , the archipelagos of Pratas in the South China Sea are controlled by the Republic of China ( ROC , a.k.a .
Li Qiang ( Chinese : 李强 ; born July 1959 ) is a Chinese politician and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China . He is the current Party Secretary of Shanghai , and formerly served as Governor of Zhejiang ( 2012-2016 ) and Party Secretary of Jiangsu ( 2016-2017 ) .
Shanghai ( Chinese : 上海 ; Shanghainese pronunciation : [ zɑ̃.hɛ ] ( listen ) , Putonghua pronunciation : [ ʂâŋ.xài ] ( listen ) ) is one of the four municipalities of the People 's Republic of China . It is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze , and the Huangpu River flows through it . With a population of 24.2 million as of 2018 [ update ] , it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world . Shanghai is a global center for finance , innovation , and transportation , and the Port of Shanghai is the world 's busiest container port . Originally a fishing village and market town , Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to trade and its favorable port location . The city was one of five treaty ports forced open to foreign trade after the First Opium War . The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established . The city then flourished , becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s . During the Second Sino-Japanese War , the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai . After the war , with the CPC takeover of mainland China in 1949 , trade was limited to other socialist countries , and the city 's global influence declined . In the 1990s , economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city , especially the Pudong district , aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city . The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance ; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange , one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization , and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone , the first free-trade zone in China .
Li Hongzhong ( Chinese : 李鸿忠 ; born August 1956 ) is a Chinese politician , serving as Communist Party Secretary of Tianjin and a member of the 19th Politburo of the Communist Party of China . Born in Shenyang , Li spent much of his early career in Guangdong province , most notably as mayor , then party secretary of Shenzhen . He was transferred to Hubei province in 2007 ; he would go on to serve as Governor and party secretary there . During his term in Hubei , Li generated controversy after grabbing a recording pen from the hand of a journalist .
Tianjin ( [ tʰjɛ́n.tɕín ] ( listen ) ) , alternatively romanized as Tientsin , is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea . It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China , with a total population estimated at 15,621,200 in 2016 . Its built-up ( or metro ) area , made up of 12 central districts ( all but Baodi , Jizhou , Jinghai and Ninghe ) , was home to 12,491,300 inhabitants in 2016 and is also the world 's 29th-largest agglomeration ( between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro ) and 11th-most populous city proper . It is governed as one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of central government of the PRC and is thus under direct administration of the central government . Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality , bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea . Part of the Bohai Economic Rim , it is the largest coastal city in northern China . In terms of urban population , Tianjin is the fourth largest in China , after Shanghai , Beijing , and Guangzhou . In terms of administrative area population , Tianjin ranks fifth in Mainland China . The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404 . As a treaty port since 1860 , Tianjin has been a major seaport and gateway to Beijing . During the Boxer Rebellion the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government . Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China , Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region .
Hu Chunhua ( Chinese : 胡春华 ; born April 1963 ) is a Chinese politician , a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China , and a Vice Premier of the People 's Republic of China . He worked in Tibet for much of his career and ascended the party ranks partly through the Communist Youth League . He is popularly known as little Hu due to the similarities of his career with that of former Party General Secretary Hu Jintao ( no relation ) . He became China 's youngest governor when he took the position in Hebei province in 2008 . He was then promoted to Party Secretary of Inner Mongolia in 2009 . In 2012 , he was named Communist Party Secretary of Guangdong and entered the Politburo .
Yang Jiechi ( Chinese : 杨洁篪 ; born 1 May 1950 ) is a high-ranking Chinese politician and diplomat . Since 2013 , he has served as director of the Office of Foreign Affairs of the Communist Party of China under Party General Secretary Xi Jinping . He is generally regarded as one of the foremost contemporary architects of China 's foreign policy . Yang served as the tenth Foreign Minister of the People 's Republic of China between 2007 and 2013 . He joined the inner circle of the State Council in 2013 , as a State Councilor under Premier Li Keqiang . Yang spent much of his professional life in the United States , where he served as Chinese Ambassador from 2001 to 2005 .
The Central Foreign Affairs Commission ( simplified Chinese : 中央外事工作委员会 ; traditional Chinese : 中央外事工作委員會 ; pinyin : Zhōngyāng Wàishì Gōngzuò Wěiyuánhuì ) , formerly known as the Central Foreign Affairs Leading ( Small ) Group ( FALG or FALSG ; simplified Chinese : 中央外事工作领导小组 ; traditional Chinese : 中央外事工作領導小組 ; pinyin : Zhōngyāng Wàishì Gōngzuò Lǐngdǎo Xiǎozǔ ) is a commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that exercises general oversight on matters related to foreign affairs . It is currently chaired by Party General Secretary and President Xi Jinping , who is assisted by its office director and Premier Li Keqiang is deputy director . Politburo member Yang Jiechi , and its membership includes officials of minister-rank and above . The FALG became much more important in the 1990s as the PRC leadership became much more institutionalized and less focused on factional and informal politics . Since 1993 the leader of the group had also served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and President of the People 's Republic of China . The main execution body of the FALG is the Foreign Affairs Office . In March 2018 , the leading group was redesignated the Central Foreign Affairs Commission .
Yang Xiaodu ( Chinese : 杨晓渡 ; pinyin : Yáng Xiǎodù ; born October 1953 ) is a Chinese politician , the Director of the National Supervisory Commission , and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China . He has served in Shanghai and Tibet during his early political career . Since 2014 , he has also been a Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection ( CCDI ) , the leading anti-graft body of the Communist Party of China .
National Supervisory Commission of the People 's Republic of China is the highest anti-corruption agency of the People 's Republic of China , at the same administrative ranking as Supreme People 's Court and Supreme People 's Procuratorate . Its operations are merged with the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China . The National Supervision Commission was formed at the first session of the 13th National People 's Congress in 2018 . The Commission includes the director , deputy director , and ordinary members and the director is appointed by the National People 's Congress .
Zhang Youxia ( Chinese : 张又侠 ; born July 1950 ) is a general in the People 's Liberation Army ( PLA ) of China and current the second-ranked Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Central Military Commission ( CMC ) . He previously served as Head of the CMC Equipment Development Department , and its predecessor , the PLA General Armaments Department , from 2012 to 2017 . He is the son of General Zhang Zongxun . He is a veteran of the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War and one of the few serving generals in China with war experience .
Chen Xi ( Chinese : 陈希 ; born September 1953 ) is a Chinese politician currently serving as the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China . Since 2017 , Chen has also been a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and a Secretary of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China , and President of the Central Party School . A graduate from Tsinghua University , Chen served as the party chief of the prestigious institution from 2002 to 2008 . Thereafter he served as a vice-minister of education and Vice Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology .
The Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( simplified Chinese : 中国共产党中央委员会组织部 ; traditional Chinese : 中國共產黨中央委員會組織部 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Zǔzhībù ) is a human resource management department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that controls staffing positions within the CPC . The Organization Department is one of the most important organs of the CPC . It is a secretive and highly trusted agency , and forms the institutional heart of the Leninist party system . It controls the more than 70 million party personnel assignments throughout the national system , and compiles detailed and confidential reports on future potential leaders of the Party . Because the People 's Republic of China is a one party state , the Organization Department has an enormous amount of control over personnel within the PRC . The Organization Department is indispensable to the CPC 's power , and the key to its hold over personnel throughout every level of government and industry . It is one of the key agencies of the Central Committee , along with the Central Propaganda Department and International Liaison Department .