Provinces of Ecuador
List
Table:
Map key

Province

Capital

Population (2010)

Area (km²)

1

Azuay

Cuenca

712,127

8,309.58

2

Bolívar

Guaranda

183,641

3,945.38

3

Cañar

Azogues

225,184

3,146.08

4

Carchi

Tulcán

164,524

3,780.45

5

Chimborazo

Riobamba

458,581

6,499.72

6

Cotopaxi

Latacunga

409,205

6,108.23

7

El Oro

Machala

600,659

5,766.68

8

Esmeraldas

Esmeraldas

534,092

16,132.23

9

Galápagos

Puerto Baquerizo Moreno

25,124

8,010.00

10

Guayas

Guayaquil

3,645,483

15,430.40

11

Imbabura

Ibarra

398,244

4,587.51

12

Loja

Loja

448,966

11,062.73

13

Los Ríos

Babahoyo

778,115

7,205.27

14

Manabí

Portoviejo

1,369,780

18,939.60

15

Morona Santiago

Macas

147,940

25,690.50

16

Napo

Tena

103,697

12,542.50

17

Orellana

Puerto Francisco de Orellana

136,396

21,692.10

18

Pastaza

Puyo

83,933

29,641.37

19

Pichincha

Quito

2,576,287

9,535.91

20

Santa Elena

Santa Elena

308,693

3,690.17

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Azuay ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aˈswaj ] ( listen ) ) , Province of Azuay is a province of Ecuador , created on 25 June 1824 . It encompasses an area of 8,309.58 square kilometres ( 3,208.35 sq mi ) . Its capital is Cuenca . It is located in the south center of Ecuador in the highlands . Its mountains reach 4,500 m ( 14,800 ft ) above sea level in the national park of El Cajas . Azuay is located on the Panamerican Highway . Cuenca is connected by national flights from Quito and Guayaquil . It has the largest hydroelectric plant of the country , situated on the river Paute .
Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca , commonly referred as Cuenca ( Quechua : Tumipampa ) is the capital and largest city of the Azuay Province of Ecuador . Cuenca is located in the highlands of Ecuador at about 2,560 metres ( 8,400 feet ) above sea level , with an urban population of approximately 329,928 and 661,685 inhabitants in the larger metropolitan area . The center of the city is listed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its many historical buildings .
Bolívar ( Spanish pronunciation : [ boˈliβaɾ ] ) is a province in Ecuador . The capital is Guaranda . Much of the province has a cool , 'sierra ' climate , but the part in the lower foothills has a cold , tundra like climate .
Guaranda ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡwaˈɾanda ] ) is a city in central Ecuador . It is the capital of Bolívar , a province located in the Andes mountains . The city is connected by road with other hubs , including Riobamba , Babahoyo and Ambato . Guaranda is a market town located in a valle - a deep valley in the high Andes , serving a vast hinterland of agricultural settlements ( comunidades ) peopled by Quechua Indians . Its climate is subtropical , with a long ( May - October ) dry season ( estio ) . Its population is mainly mestizo , but includes many people of different ethnicities . Supposedly , the city was first colonized by Jewish Conversos fleeing from Lima 's Inquisition . This nucleus has been intermarrying for almost five centuries , forming a compact population linked by family connections . Since the 1990s , the indigenous majority has seized political power and most of the local elected officers are of Quechua origin . The city has 55,374 inhabitants ( 2011 census ) and is growing . It suffers severe problems of electricity and water supply . Water is drawn from high surface sources , mostly from the Chimborazo glacier , and is of good drinking quality .
Cañar ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kaˈɲaɾ ] ) is a province in Ecuador . The capital is Azogues . At the time of census 2010 the province had a population of 225,184 . It contains the 16th-century ruins of Ingapirca , the best-known Inca settlement in Ecuador and a product of their conquest of the indigenous Cañari .
Azogues ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aˈsoɣes ] ) is the capital of Azogues Canton and of Cañar Province in Ecuador . The population of Azogues is approximately 40,000 . Azogues is located at 2,518 meters above sea level ( 8,261 feet ) , its population is of 39,848 inhabitants , its average temperature is 17 °C ( 63 °F ) . It is also known for its Panama hat industry ( jipi japa ) ; the hats are produced primarily for export .
Carchi ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkaɾtʃi ] ) is a province in Ecuador . The capital is Tulcán . The Carchi River rises on the slopes of Chiles volcano and forms the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador near Tulcan . Rumichaca Bridge is the most important land route between Colombia and Ecuador .
Tulcán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ tulˈkan ] ) is the capital of the province of Carchi in Ecuador and the seat of Tulcán Canton . The population of the city of Tulcán was 47,359 in the 2001 census and 53,558 in the 2010 census . Tulcán is known for its hot springs , deep wells , 3-acre topiary garden cemetery , the most elaborate topiary in the New World , created with Cupressus sempervirens by José Maria Azael Franco in 1936 . The city is the highest in Ecuador , at 2,950 m ( 9,680 ft ) above sea level .
Chimborazo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ tʃimboˈɾaso ] ) is a province in the central Ecuadorian Andes . It is a home to a section of Sangay National Park . The capital is Riobamba . The province contains Chimborazo ( 6,267 m ) , Ecuador 's highest mountain .
Riobamba ( Spanish pronunciation : [ rjoˈβamba ] , full name San Pedro de Riobamba ; Quechua : Rispampa ) is the capital of the Chimborazo Province in central Ecuador , which is located at the Chambo River Valley of the Andes . It is 200 km ( 120 mi ) south of Ecuador 's capital Quito and located at 2,754 m on the Avenue of the Volcanoes . The city is an important regional transport center as well as being a stop on the Pan-American Highway that runs through Ecuador . Riobamba stands as one of the largest cities in the central portion of Ecuador 's Sierra region .
Cotopaxi ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kotoˈpaksi ] ) is one of the provinces of Ecuador . The capital is Latacunga . The province contains the Cotopaxi Volcano , an intermittent volcano with a height of 19,388 feet ( 5,909 m ) .
Latacunga ( Spanish pronunciation : [ lataˈkuŋɡa ] ; Quechua : Latakunga ) is a plateau town of Ecuador , capital of the Cotopaxi Province , 89 km ( 55 mi ) south of Quito , near the confluence of the Alaquez and Cutuchi rivers to form the Patate , the headstream of the Pastaza . At the time of census 2010 Latacunga had 98,355 inhabitants , largely mestizo and indigenous . Latacunga took its independence from Spain on November 11 , 1820 . Latacunga is an hour and half south from Quito on the Pan-American Highway . It was previously also on the old road from Quito to Guayaquil , and has a railway station between those cities . It is 9,055 ft ( 2,760 m ) . above sea level . Its climate is cold and windy , due to the neighboring snowclad heights , and the barren , pumice-covered tableland on which it stands . The active volcano Cotopaxi is only 25 km . away , and the town has suffered repeatedly from eruptions . Founded in 1534 , it was four times destroyed by earthquakes between 1698 and 1798 . The neighboring ruins of an older native town are said to date from the Incas Empire .
El Oro ( Spanish pronunciation : [ el ˈoɾo ] ( listen ) ; oro = gold ) is the southernmost of Ecuador 's coastal provinces . It was named for its historically important gold production . Today it is one of the world 's major exporters of bananas . The capital is Machala .
Machala ( Spanish pronunciation : [ maˈtʃala ] ) is a city in south-west Ecuador . It is the capital of the El Oro Province , and is located near the Gulf of Guayaquil on fertile lowlands . Machala has a population of 241,606 ( 2010 census ) ; it is the fourth-biggest city in the country , and the second-most important port . It has been referred to as the Banana Capital of the World .
Esmeraldas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ezmeˈɾaldas ] ) is a province in northwestern Ecuador . The capital is Esmeraldas . The province is home to the Afro-Ecuadorian culture .
Esmeraldas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ezmeˈɾaldas ] ) is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador . It is the seat of the Esmeraldas Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province . It has an international sea port and a small airport ( IATA location identifier : ESM ) . Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador , and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Esmeraldas River . It is exactly at the antipodes of Padang , Indonesia . The city is the principal trading hub for the region 's agricultural and lumber resources , and is the terminus of the 313-mile ( 504-km ) Trans-Ecuadorian Pipeline from the oil fields in northeastern Ecuador . Esmeraldas is well known around Latin America given the large number of locals that have historically played in the Ecuadorian national football team .
Galápagos ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡaˈlapaɣos ] ) is a province of Ecuador in the country 's Insular region , located approximately 1,000 km ( 620 mi ) off the western coast of the mainland . The capital is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno . The province administers the Galápagos Islands , a group of tiny volcanic islands that sit on the equator , famous for their unique biodiversity popularized by naturalist Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution .
Puerto Baquerizo Moreno ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweɾto βakeˈɾiso moˈɾeno ] ) is the capital of Galápagos Province , Ecuador . It is located on the southwestern coast of San Cristóbal , the easternmost island in the archipelago , and is the capital of San Cristóbal Canton . It was founded by General Villamil Playas in the mid-19th century , and takes its name from President Alfredo Baquerizo ( 1859-1951 ) . Today , fishing is the main activity of the locals , but tourism is on the increase along the waterfront with numerous hotels and shops .
Guayas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈɡwa.ʝas ] ( listen ) ) is a coastal province in Ecuador . It is bordered to the west by Manabí , Santa Elena , and the Pacific Ocean ( as the Gulf of Guayaquil ) ; to the east by Los Ríos , Bolívar , Chimborazo , Cañar , and Azuay ; to the north by Los Ríos and Bolívar ; and to the south by El Oro and the Pacific Ocean . With a population of over 3 million people , it is the most populous province in Ecuador . In terms of area it is the seventh largest province in the country . The largest city of Ecuador , Guayaquil , is located within the province .
Guayaquil ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ɡwaʝaˈkil ] ( listen ) ; Aymara & Quechua : Wayakil ) officially Santiago de Guayaquil , is the second largest city in Ecuador . It is also the nation 's main port . The city is the capital of Guayas Province and the seat of Guayaquil canton . The city is located on the west bank of the Guayas River , which flows into the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil .
Imbabura ( Spanish pronunciation : [ imbaˈβuɾa ] ) is a province located in the Andes of northern Ecuador . The capital is Ibarra . The people of the province speak Spanish and the Imbaburan Quechua language . The summit of Cotacachi Volcano at an elevation of 4,944 metres ( 16,220 ft ) is 15 kilometres ( 9.3 mi ) north-east of the town of Cotacachi . The volcano is located in the large Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve . Imbabura Volcano is also located in the province . Best reached from the town of La Esperanza , the 4,609 metres ( 15,121 ft ) high mountain can be climbed in a single day .
Ibarra ( Spanish pronunciation : [ iˈβara ] ; full name San Miguel de Ibarra ; Quechua : Impapura ) is a city in northern Ecuador and the capital of the Imbabura Province . It lies at the foot of the Imbabura Volcano and on the left bank of the Tahuando river . It is about 70 kilometres ( 43 mi ) northeast of Ecuador 's capital Quito .
Loja Province ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlo.xa ] ) is one of 24 provinces in Ecuador and shares its southern border on the west with El Oro Province , on the north with El Azuay , and on the east with Zamora-Chinchipe . Founded on its present site in 1548 by Captain Alonso de Mercadillo ( Spanish ) , the site had been previously moved and rebuilt from La Toma due to earthquakes . It also is named as Cuxibamba Valley , from the Quichua language , which means the Smiley Valley .
Loja ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈlo.xa ] ) , formerly Loxa and fully City of the Immaculate Conception of Loja ( Spanish : Ciudad de la Inmaculada Concepción de Loja ) , is the capital of Ecuador 's Loja Province . It is located in the Cuxibamba valley in the south of the country , sharing borders with the provinces of Zamora-Chinchipe and El Oro , and with Peru in the south . Loja holds a rich tradition in the arts , and for this reason is known as the Music and Cultural Capital of Ecuador . The city is home to two major universities . The city has a population of about 181,000 , and is situated 2060 m ( 6758 ft ) above sea level . It has a mild Andean climate , ranging between 16 and 30 °C . The Pan-American Highway runs past Loja .
Los Ríos ( Spanish pronunciation : [ loz ˈri.os ] ) is a province in Ecuador . The capital is Babahoyo . The province was founded on October 6 , 1860 . Under legislative decree . Babahoyo was made its capital on September 30 , 1948 .
Babahoyo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ baβaˈoʝo ] ) , founded September 30 , 1948 , by legislative decree , is the capital of the Los Ríos province of Ecuador . Its population is cited around 153,000 . It is bordered by two rivers , the San Pablo and the Caracol , which join to form the Babahoyo River . This meets the Daule River to form the Guayas River , which runs to the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil . A processing and trade center for the surrounding agricultural region , the city handles rice , sugarcane , fruits , balsa wood , and tagua nuts ( vegetable ivory ) . Rice and sugar are also milled here .
Manabí ( Spanish pronunciation : [ manaˈβi ] ) is a province in Ecuador . Its capital is Portoviejo . The province is named after the Manabí people .
Portoviejo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ poɾtoˈβjexo ] ) is a city in Ecuador , and the capital of the Province of Manabí 30 kilometres ( 19 miles ) from the Pacific coast . ( Population : about 250,000 ) . Also known as the city of the Royal Tamarind Trees for the beautiful trees found in the area . Portoviejo is the main political and economical centre of the Portoviejo River valley , which also includes the cantons of Santa Ana and Rocafuerte , where about 110 square kilometres ( 42 square miles ) are cultivated every year . The valley is rich in the production of tomatoes , onions , peppers , bananas , mangoes and other tropical fruits . The city , which was affected by economic crisis in the eighties and nineties , is now recovering but severe budget limitations and a huge unemployment rate present difficulties for local authorities . Portoviejo is a large commercial center for the province , where there are two shopping malls , one with a large hypermarket , 8 movie theaters , food court , and other stores . The city is home of the cancer treatment hospital Dr Julio Villacreses Colmont serving the provinces of Manabí and Esmeraldas . Portoviejo is the capital of Manabí Province and is important for coffee , cattle and fishing . Founded on March 12 , 1535 , it is one of the oldest cities in Ecuador and is the sixth largest . Portoviejo has a thriving agricultural-processing industry and is an important commercial center , with good road connections to Quito and Guayaquil . The city houses over 200,000 inhabitants and is the capital of Manabi province as well as the main center for commercial activity such as coffee production , fishing and cattle ranching .
Morona Santiago ( Spanish pronunciation : [ moˈɾona sanˈtjaɣo ] ) is a province in Ecuador . The province was established on February 24 , 1954 . The capital is Macas .
Macas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈmakas ] ) is the capital of Morona Santiago province in southeastern Ecuador . The city is also the seat of the county Morona . Known as the Emerald of the East due to its location east of the Andes mountains , Macas lies in the Upano Valley overlooking the Upano river . The city has a population of 14,054 inhabitants and along with Tena and Puyo served under Spanish rule as one of Ecuador 's main staging points for the colonization of the Amazon and the subjugation of its indigenous peoples . Beginning in the 1960s indigenous people have organized political federations and movements , and often locate the seats of their organizations in such cities and use them as central places for regional congresses . Macas has also been promoting tourism . The city is an important agricultural and livestock raising center as well as a transportation hub for small jungle communities to the east . Types of agricultural products found here include yuca , sugarcane , papaya , coffee , and bananas . In recent years , Macas also developed a small tourism industry based on jungle trekking , trips to indigenous communities , and extreme sports like rafting . Macas is linked by road to Puyo in the north and Riobamba to the west .
Napo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈnapo ] ) is a province in Ecuador . Its capital is Tena . The province contains the Napo River . The province is low developed without much industrial presence . The thick rainforest is home to many natives that remain isolated by preference , descendants of those who fled the Spanish invasion in the Andes , and the Incas years before . In 2000 , the province was the sole remaining majority-indigenous province of Ecuador , with 56.3% of the province either claiming indigenous identity or speaking an indigenous language . This province is one of the many located in Ecuador 's section of the Amazon Rainforest . In Napo province are also Antisana Ecological Reserve and Limoncocha National Biological Reserve .
Tena ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈtena ] ) , the capital of the Napo Province , is a city in the Amazon rainforest . Known as the cinnamon capital of Ecuador , and founded by missionary explorers , Tena has emerged as a major commercial center of Ecuador . It is home to a regional hospital and many tourist related businesses , including a small airport and a vital bus terminal .
Orellana ( Spanish pronunciation : [ oɾeˈʝana ] ) is an inland province of Ecuador . The capital is Puerto Francisco de Orellana ( also known as Coca ) . It was created on July 30 , 1998 , from part of Napo Province . The name of the province derives from the explorer Francisco de Orellana who it is told to have sailed from somewhere near the town to the Atlantic Ocean . He did this trip several times looking for the gold city of El Dorado and in search of a rumored Nutmeg forest which at the time was a very expensive spice . During his voyages he met a ferocious tribe of Indians who attacked his ships and many among them were women . This led to the naming of the river as the Amazon river . The province is divided in four cantons .
Puerto Francisco de Orellana ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpweɾto fɾanˈsisko ðe oɾeˈʝana ] ) , also known as El Coca ( pronounced [ el ˈkoka ] ) , is the capital of province of Orellana in eastern Ecuador . The city is located in the Amazon Rainforest at the confluence of the Coca River and the Napo River ( the smaller Payamino River also merges into the Napo in the city ) . It has a population of 45,163 inhabitants as of 2010 . It is visited by tourists going into the Amazonian forest and is served by the Francisco de Orellana Airport .
Pastaza ( Spanish pronunciation : [ pasˈtasa ] ) is a province in the Oriente of Ecuador located in the eastern jungle . The capital is Puyo , founded on May 12 , 1899 and which boasts 36,700 inhabitants . The city is now accessible by paved roads , a recent development ; the main road from Baños follows the Pastaza river into the province . The Pastaza River surges into the province from the west and as the landscape flattens , meanders on to the Napo , a tributary of the Amazon . Natural resources of Pastaza are bananas , grapefruit , tobacco , cocoa and coffee . Tea has successfully been cultivated by a few British companies , and in the mid eighties one of the companies was honored by a visit from Princess Margaret from the royal family of Britain . The landscape is mostly mountainous in the western part of the province and becomes relatively flat toward the east as it nears the Peruvian border with rivers and plains characterizing most of the province . The highest elevation is 1,820 meters ( 5,970 ft ) . The climate is warm and humid due to the almost 7 meters of annual rainfall ( 22 feet ) in the parts closest to the western mountains , but with significant amounts of rainfall throughout the province . The median temperature is 18 to 24 Celsius . It is rumored that there is a lot of gold in the rivers of Pastaza ; however , to date no significant discoveries of gold have been reported . Snakes and other venomous creatures , such as tarantulas and scorpions , are common in the province .
Puyo ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpuʝo ] ) , also known as El Puyo , is the capital of Pastaza , a province in Ecuador . Puyo is located at an altitude of approximately 950 metres above sea level by the Puyo River , a tributary of the Pastaza River , which eventually leads into the Amazon River . True to its name , derived from the Kichwa word for cloudy , the local climate is a wet one and the weather is often overcast . Puyo was founded in 1899 . Located between Baños , and the Amazonian cities of Tena and Macas , Puyo is the commercial , cultural and political capital of the region . The city is connected by road to Ambato , Tena , and Macas and from there to the major urban areas of Ecuador . In late 2006 , the city had approximately 25,000 inhabitants . It was the fastest growing city in Ecuador in 2006 . [ citation needed ] The seasonal changes in the climate are relatively small , and daytime temperature typically range between 18-24 °C , with sun and generally short , but heavy periods of rain daily . A small airport is located in the small town of Shell , approximately 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) north-west of Puyo . Small aircraft , both private and commercial , depart daily to small airstrips in the Amazon Rainforest , and occasionally to Quito in the case of severe medical emergencies . The Puyo Carnaval , a famous Ecuadorian holiday , is celebrated each year in the days leading up to Lent .
Pichincha ( Spanish pronunciation : [ piˈtʃintʃa ] ) is a province of Ecuador located in the northern sierra region ; its capital and largest city is Quito . It is bordered by Imbabura and Esmeraldas to the north , Cotopaxi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the south , Napo and Sucumbíos to the east , and Esmeraldas and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas to the west . Prior to 2008 , the canton Santo Domingo de los Colorados was part of the Pichincha Province . It has since become its own province , Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas . The province is home to many rose plantations , which make up the bulk of Ecuador 's floriculture industry .
Quito ( /ˈkiːtoʊ/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkito ] ( listen ) ; Quechua : Kitu ; formally San Francisco de Quito ) is the capital of Ecuador , the country 's most populous city , and at an elevation of 2,850 metres ( 9,350 ft ) above sea level , it is the second highest official capital city in the world , after La Paz , and the one which is closest to the equator . It is located in the Guayllabamba river basin , on the eastern slopes of Pichincha , [ verification needed ] an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains . In 2008 , the city was designated as the headquarters of the Union of South American Nations . The historic center of Quito is one of the largest , least-altered and best-preserved in the Americas . Quito and Kraków , Poland , were among the first World Cultural Heritage Sites declared by UNESCO , in 1978 . The central square of Quito is located about 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) south of the equator ; the city itself extends to within about 1 kilometre ( 0.62 mi ) of zero latitude . A monument and museum marking the general location of the equator is known locally as la mitad del mundo ( the middle of the world ) , to avoid confusion , as the word Ecuador is Spanish for equator .
The Province of Santa Elena ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˌsanta eˈlena ] ) is a province of Ecuador in the coastal region . Created in 2007 from territory that belonged to the Guayas Province , it is one of the two newest provinces of Ecuador , along with Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas . Its capital city is Santa Elena , from which the province derives its name .
Santa Elena ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˌsanta eˈlena ] ) is a town in southwestern Ecuador , and is the capital of both the province and the canton of the same name . Santa Elena , originally called Sumpa , is located on the Ecuadorian peninsula near the city of Guayaquil . It is regarded as the location of the most important and best documented archaeological site in the country , predominantly due to the discovery of the Lovers of Sumpa .