1971 International Cross Country Championships
Team Results -- Junior Men 's
Table:
Rank
Country
Team
Points

1
England
Nick Rose
Ray Smedley
Steve Kenyon
7

2
Scotland
Jim Brown
Ian Gilmour
Ron MacDonald
30

3
Italy
Franco Fava
Aldo Tomasini
Vincenzo Lavini
39

4
Belgium
Eddy Van Mullem
Eric De Beck
Herman Mignon
42

5
Spain
Ramon Sanchez
Ricardo Ortega
Enrique Chaves
52

6
Ireland
Eddie Leddy
Eamonn Coghlan
Neil Cusack
59

7
Northern Ireland
Greg Hannon
Gerry Hannon
John Baillie
61

8
France
Alain Grandfils
Gérard Thomazo
Claude Biteau
68

9
Algeria
Kamel Guemar
Attallah Djelloul
Mohamed Salem
72

10
Portugal
Fernando Mamede
Vasco Pereira
Carlos Cabral
88

By analysing the following table as well as the relevant paragraphs provided at the end.

State the answer to the question: What channel lies southeast of the country that had Eamonn Coghlan as a competitor at the 1971 International Cross Country Championships ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) .
Nicholas Henry Rose ( born 30 December 1951 ) is a British former international track and field athlete . He competed in a variety of middle distance and long-distance running events . He is the current European record holder in the 10K run ( road ) , and British record holder in the 4×1 mile relay event . He set the world record in the half-marathon in 1979 . His personal best in the half-marathon is 1:01:03 , the second fastest British time after Steve Jones . He also held the British record in the indoor 2 miles event with 8:18.4 - a record which stood for 24 years exactly . Rose 's first major victory came in the NCAA Men 's Cross Country Championship in 1974 , competing for Western Kentucky University . He successfully made the progression to professional athletics , running the fastest indoor 3000 metres time of any athlete in 1978 . He was the national champion in the 10,000 metres in 1980 . He ran in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships twice . He made his first appearance in 1979 where he finished 21st and was a member of the winning English team . He returned the following year and this time took the bronze in the individual event and led the English team to an overall victory .
Raymond John Smedley ( born 3 September 1951 ) is a male retired British middle-distance runner . Smedley competed in the men 's 1500 metres at the 1972 Summer Olympics . He represented England in the marathon event , at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia .
Stephen ( Steve ) Kenyon ( born 16 September 1951 ) is a retired male long-distance runner from England , who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the men 's marathon and half marathon . He set his personal best of 2:11:40 over the classic distance on 13 June 1982 in Gateshead . He is a life member of both Bolton United Harriers & Salford Harriers . He has competed in nine World Cross Country Championships , with his highest finish being 17th at the 1980 race , where he was a member of the winning England team . He won the Great North Run in 1985 . He was raised in Bolton , England .
Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
Franco Fava ( born 3 September 1952 ) is an Italian former long-distance runner .
Aldo Tomasini ( born 15 September 1952 ) is a former Italian male long-distance runner who competed at three editions of the IAAF World Cross Country Championships ( from 1973 to 1975 ) , and won three national championships at senior level ( two outdoor and one indoor .
Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .
Erik De Beck ( born 6 June 1951 ) is a Belgian former long-distance runner who specialised in cross country running . His greatest performance was a gold medal at the 1974 IAAF World Cross Country Championships . He shared in the team title at that event on three occasions : 1973 , 1974 and 1977 . De Beck won three national titles in his career , taking two cross country wins ( 1974 and 1976 ) and one 10,000 metres title ( 1983 ) . He totalled nine appearances at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships as well as three outings at its precursor , the International Cross Country Championships , where he was a junior medallist in 1970 . He married Joske Van Santberghe , who was also a medallist at the World Cross Country Championships .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
Ireland ( Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ) , also known as the Republic of Ireland ( Poblacht na hÉireann ) , is a country in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland . The capital and largest city is Dublin , which is located on the eastern side of the island . Around a third of the country 's population of 4.9 million people resides in the greater Dublin area . The sovereign state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland , a part of the United Kingdom . It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the Celtic Sea to the south , St George 's Channel to the south-east , and the Irish Sea to the east . It is a unitary , parliamentary republic . The legislature , the Oireachtas , consists of a lower house , Dáil Éireann , an upper house , Seanad Éireann , and an elected President ( Uachtarán ) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state , but with some important powers and duties . The head of government is the Taoiseach ( Prime Minister , literally 'Chief ' , a title not used in English ) , who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President ; the Taoiseach in turn appoints other government ministers . The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty . It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted , in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic , with an elected non-executive president as head of state . It was officially declared a republic in 1949 , following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 . Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955 .
Edward Eddie Leddy ( born 8 September 1951 ) is a retired Irish long-distance runner . He competed in the 3000 m steeplechase at the 1972 Olympics and in the 5000 m and 10,000 m at the 1976 Olympics , but failed to reach the finals . He won the 10,000 m event at the 1976 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships .
Eamonn Christopher Coghlan ( born 21 November 1952 ) is a former track and field athlete who specialised in middle distance track events and the 5,000 metres . He is a 3-time Olympian and former world champion in the 5,000 m. He served as Senator from 2011 to 2016 . Born in Drimnagh , a successful amateur running career in Ireland led to a scholarship in the United States , where he won four NCAA titles in track running and ran a sub-four-minute mile to set an Irish record at 22 years of age . He soon set the European record over the distance . His speciality was the indoor mile run - he gained his nickname , The Chairman of the Boards , as a result of his great success on the US indoor circuit . He broke the indoor mile world record on three occasions , and also set a world indoor record over 2,000 m. He finished fourth in the 1500 Metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics , finished fourth again in the 5,000 m at the 1980 Summer Olympics , and made the 5,000 m semi-final in his last Olympic appearance at the 1988 Summer Olympics . He experienced greater success in the 1,500 m at the European Athletics Championships : he won the 1,500 m at the 1979 European Athletics Indoor Championships , and outdoors took silver in the event at the 1978 European Athletics Championships . He was also the 5,000 m champion at the IAAF World Cup in 1981 and he became the world 5,000 metres champion at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics . After competitive retirement , he continued to race and became the first man over 40 years old to run a sub-four-minute mile . He has appeared as a panellist on Irish broadcaster RTÉ and released his autobiography , Chairman of the Boards , Master of the Mile , in 2008 . In May 2011 , Coghlan was appointed as a Senator by the Taoiseach Enda Kenny .
Neil Cusack ( born 30 December 1951 in Limerick ) is a retired middle and long distance runner from Ireland .
Northern Ireland ( Irish : Tuaisceart Éireann [ ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Norlin Airlann ) is variously described as a country , province or region which is part of the United Kingdom . Located in the northeast of the island of Ireland , Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland . In 2011 , its population was 1,810,863 , constituting about 30% of the island 's total population and about 3% of the UK 's population . Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement , the Northern Ireland Assembly ( colloquially referred to as Stormont after its location ) holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters , while other areas are reserved for the British government . Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas , and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to put forward views and proposals with determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments . On 11 January 2020 , legislators in Northern Ireland formed a government for the first time since the Executive of the 5th Northern Ireland Assembly collapsed in January 2017 , following the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal . Northern Ireland was created in 1921 , when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . Unlike Southern Ireland , which would become the Irish Free State in 1922 , the majority of Northern Ireland 's population were unionists , who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom . Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain . However , a significant minority , mostly Catholics , were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule . Today , the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish , while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned . For most of the 20th century , when it came into existence , Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland , David Trimble , called a cold house for Catholics .
Gregory James Hannon FRS FMedSci ( born 1964 ) is a professor of molecular cancer biology and director of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute at the University of Cambridge . He is a Fellow of Trinity College , Cambridge while also serving as a director of cancer genomics at the New York Genome Center and an adjunct professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
Algeria ( /ælˈdʒɪəriə/ ( listen ) al-JEER-ee-ə ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . The capital and most populous city is Algiers , located in the far north of the country on the Mediterranean coast . With an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres ( 919,595 sq mi ) , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world , and the largest in the African Union and Arab World . With an estimated population of over 42 million , it is among the ten most populous states in Africa . Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia , to the east by Libya , to the west by Morocco , to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory , Mauritania , and Mali , to the southeast by Niger , and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea . It is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes ( counties ) . Pre-1962 Algeria has known many empires and dynasties , including ancient Numidians , Phoenicians , Carthaginians , Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , Umayyads , Abbasids , Idrisid , Aghlabid , Rustamid , Fatimids , Zirid , Hammadids , Almoravids , Almohads , Zayyanids , Spaniards , Ottomans and , finally , the French colonial empire . Algeria is a regional and middle power . It has the highest human development index of all non-island African countries and one of the largest economies on the continent , based largely on energy exports . Algeria has the 16th largest oil reserves in the world and the second largest in Africa , while it has the ninth largest reserves of natural gas . Sonatrach , the national oil company , is the largest company in Africa , supplying large amounts of natural gas to Europe . Algeria has one of the largest militaries in Africa and the largest defence budget .
Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers .
Fernando Eugénio Pacheco Mamede , ComM ( born 1 November 1951 ) is a former Portuguese athlete , a long distance running specialist . He was born in Beja . Together with Carlos Lopes , he is one of the best Portuguese male long distance runners ever , and held the 10,000 metres world record ( 1984-1989 ) with a time of 27:13.81 until bettered by Arturo Barrios of Mexico . He also competed at three Olympic Games . However , he never won any high-level competition as he dealt very badly with pressure . In the European and World Athletics Championships and Olympics where he competed between 1971 and 1984 , he either was eliminated from the finals , placed outside the top ten runners in them or dropped out of the final . In the 1983 World Championships in Athletics and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics , he ran excellently in the 10,000-metre qualifying heats , but he placed 14th in the World Championships final and failed to finish in the Olympic final . He remains one of fastest Europeans of all time in the 10,000 metres . Mamede also competed in cross country running , taking part in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships eleven times . His cross country career was highlighted by a bronze medal at the 1981 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and two wins at the Cross Internacional de Itálica .
Carlos Alberto Veiga Cabral ( born 20 June 1952 in Lagos , Portugal ) is a Portuguese former athlete who competed in middle-distance and cross country events . He won a silver medal in the 800 metres at the 1983 Ibero-American Championships . In addition , he represented his country at one outdoor and five indoor European Championships .