List of Khitan inscriptions
Other inscriptions in the Khitan large script
Table:
Object
Date
Place of discovery
Year of discovery
Current Location
Description

Rock inscription

Agui Cave, Jarud Banner
Inner Mongolia
45°06′N 120°43′E﻿ / ﻿45.10°N 120.72°E﻿ / 45.10; 120.72﻿ (Agui Cavern)

7 Khitan large characters painted on the outside of a cave.[22]

Two wooden tablets from a Liao dynasty tomb

Daiqin Tala Sumu, Horqin Right Middle Banner
Inner Mongolia
45°13′N 121°31′E﻿ / ﻿45.22°N 121.52°E﻿ / 45.22; 121.52﻿ (Two wooden tablets)

1999

Two wooden tablets inscribed with inventories.[23]

Bronze, silver or gold non-circulation coin

Various examples have been found in different locations.

Four character Khitan inscription on the obverse, interpreted as meaning tiāncháo wànshùn 天朝萬順 in Chinese[24]

Silver non-circulation coin

Ruins of the Liao capital Shangjing, Lindong Township, Bairin Left Banner
Inner Mongolia
43°58′N 119°23′E﻿ / ﻿43.96°N 119.39°E﻿ / 43.96; 119.39﻿ (Silver coin)

1977

Liao Shangjing Museum

Four character Khitan inscription (tiāncháo wànshùn 天朝萬順) on the obverse, with an eight character Khitan inscription scratched onto the reverse[8][25]

Bronze mirror

White Pagoda in the ruins of Qingzhou City, Bairin Right Banner
Inner Mongolia
44°12′07″N 118°30′50″E﻿ / ﻿44.202°N 118.514°E﻿ / 44.202; 118.514﻿ (Bronze mirror)

1958

Inner Mongolia Museum

Five Khitan characters engraved on along the edge of the mirror[25][26]

Bronze Daoist amulet

Acheng District
Harbin
Heilongjiang
45°33′N 127°00′E﻿ / ﻿45.55°N 127.0°E﻿ / 45.55; 127.0﻿ (Bronze Daoist amulet)

Heilongjiang Museum

Daoist charm on one side, and 2 lines (18 characters) of Khitan large script on the other.[27][28]

Bronze Daoist amulet

Bairin Right Banner Museum

Daoist charm on one side, and 3 lines (28 characters) of Khitan large script on the other.[27][28]

Silver paiza

Chengde
Hebei
41°00′N 117°34′E﻿ / ﻿41.00°N 117.56°E﻿ / 41.00; 117.56﻿ (Silver paiza)

Institute of East Asian History, Kyoto University

Chinese inscription (天賜成吉思皇帝聖旨疾 "Bestowed by Heaven, the imperial edict of Emperor Chinggis. Urgent.") on one side, and two Khitan large characters meaning "running horse" (Chinese 走馬) on the back.[28]

Metal tag

Unknown

Unknown

Three Khitan large characters.[29]

Silver spoon

Wangfugou, Jianping County
Liaoning
42°14′N 119°29′E﻿ / ﻿42.23°N 119.48°E﻿ / 42.23; 119.48﻿ (Silver spoon)

1956

Liaoning Province Museum

Four Chinese characters (太付太太) followed by five Khitan large characters.[28]

Bronze seal

1094

Panshan County
Liaoning
41°15′N 122°00′E﻿ / ﻿41.25°N 122.00°E﻿ / 41.25; 122.00﻿ (Bronze Seal)

1986

Panjin Museum

Seal face inscription is in Chinese ("Seal of the Prince of Qian" 汧王之印), but the upper surface of the seal has two lines of Khitan large characters that have been interpreted as meaning Yixin Ning Dawang 乙辛寧大王 ("Prince Yixinning") and Liao Da'an Shinian 遼大安十年 (10th year of the Liao dynasty Da'an era").[30][31]

Based on the accompanying table along with the background passages listed at the end.

Provide an answer to this question: What is the name of the object that currently located in coastal prefecture-level city in central Liaoning province , People 's Republic of China , ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Jarud Banner ( Mongolian : ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ; Chinese : 扎鲁特旗 ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia , People 's Republic of China . It is under the administration of Tongliao City , 150 kilometres ( 93 mi ) , and the China National Highway 304 passes through the area .
Horqin Right Middle Banner ( Mongolian script : ᠬᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ; Chinese : 科尔沁右翼中旗 ) is a banner in the east of Inner Mongolia , China , bordering Jilin province to the east . It is under the administration of Hinggan League . The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin Mongolian .
The Liao dynasty was an empire established by the Khitans . This article discusses the provincial system that existed within the Liao dynasty from the early 10th century until the fall of the empire in 1125 , in what is now North China , Northeast China and Mongolia .
Baarin Left Banner ( Mongolian : ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ Baɣarin Jegün qosiɣu ; Chinese : 巴林左旗 ; pinyin : Bālín Zuǒ Qí ) , or Bairin , is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia , People 's Republic of China . It is under the administration of Chifeng City , 195 kilometres ( 121 mi ) to the south-southwest . Baarin Mongols live here . The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is called Baarin . It is located at the intersection of two national highways : China National Highway 303 and 305 . Capital of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty , Shangjing ( Chinese : 上京 ) , was located here .
Bairin Right Banner ( Mongolian : ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ Baɣarin Baraɣun qosiɣu ; Chinese : 巴林右旗 ; pinyin : Bālín Yòu Qí ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia , China . It is under the administration of Chifeng City , 143 kilometres ( 89 mi ) to the south-southeast . Baarin Mongols live here . The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is Baarin Mongolian .
The Inner Mongolia Museum ( simplified Chinese : 内蒙古博物院 ; traditional Chinese : 內蒙古博物院 ; pinyin : Nèiměnggǔ Bówùyuàn ) is a regional museum in the city of Hohhot in Inner Mongolia , in north China .
Daoism ( /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ , /ˈdaʊ-/ ) , or Taoism ( /ˈtaʊ-/ ) , is a philosophical or religious tradition of Chinese origin which emphasises living in harmony with the Dao ( Chinese : 道 ; pinyin : Dào ; literally : 'the Way ' , also romanized as Tao ) . The Dao is a fundamental idea in most Chinese philosophical schools ; in Daoism , however , it denotes the principle that is the source , pattern and substance of everything that exists . Daoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasising rigid rituals and social order , but is similar in the sense that it is a teaching about the various disciplines for achieving perfection by becoming one with the unplanned rhythms of the universe called the way or dao . Daoist ethics vary depending on the particular school , but in general tend to emphasise wu wei ( action without intention ) , naturalness , simplicity , spontaneity , and the Three Treasures : 慈 compassion , 儉 frugality , and 不敢為天下先 humility . The roots of Daoism go back at least to the 4th century BCE . Early Daoism drew its cosmological notions from the School of Yinyang ( Naturalists ) , and was deeply influenced by one of the oldest texts of Chinese culture , the I Ching ( Yi Jing ) , which expounds a philosophical system about how to keep human behavior in accordance with the alternating cycles of nature . The Legalist Shen Buhai ( c. 400 - c. 337 BCE ) may also have been a major influence , expounding a realpolitik of wu wei . The Dao De Jing , a compact book containing teachings attributed to Laozi ( 老子 ; Lǎozǐ ; Lao³ Tzŭ³ ) , is widely considered the keystone work of the Daoist tradition , together with the later writings of Zhuangzi . Daoism has had a profound influence on Chinese culture in the course of the centuries , and Daoists ( 道士 ; dàoshi , masters of the Dao ) , a title traditionally attributed only to the clergy and not to their lay followers , usually take care to note distinction between their ritual tradition and the practices of Chinese folk religion and non-Taoist vernacular ritual orders , which are often mistakenly identified as pertaining to Daoism . Chinese alchemy ( especially neidan ) , Chinese astrology , Chan ( Zen ) Buddhism , several martial arts , traditional Chinese medicine , feng shui , and many styles of qigong have been intertwined with Daoism throughout history . Beyond China , Taoism also had influence on surrounding societies in Asia . Today , the Daoist tradition is one of the five religious doctrines officially recognised in the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) as well as the Republic of China ( ROC ) , and although it does not travel readily from its East Asian roots , [ citation needed ] it claims adherents in a number of societies , in particular in Hong Kong , Macau , and in Southeast Asia .
An amulet , also known as a good luck charm , is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor . The word amulet comes from the Latin word amuletum , which Pliny 's Natural History describes as an object that protects a person from trouble . Anything can function as an amulet ; items commonly so used include gems , statues , coins , drawings , plant parts , animal parts , and written words . Amulets which are said to derive their extraordinary properties and powers from magic or those which impart luck are typically part of folk religion or paganism , whereas amulets or sacred objects of formalised mainstream religion as in Christianity are believed to have no power of their own without being blessed by a clergyman , and they supposedly will also not provide any preternatural benefit to the bearer who does not have an appropriate disposition . Talismans and charms may differ from amulets by having alleged magical powers other than protection . Amulets are sometimes confused with pendants , small aesthetic objects that hang from necklaces . Any given pendant may indeed be an amulet but so may any other object that purportedly protects its holder from danger .
Acheng District , formerly Acheng City , ( Manchu Language : Alcuka Hoton ) is one of nine districts of the prefecture-level city of Harbin , the capital of Heilongjiang Province , Northeast China , covering part of the southeastern suburbs . The district was approved to establish from the former Acheng City ( 阿城市 ) by the Chinese State Council on August 15 , 2006 . As of 2010 [ update ] , it had a population of 596,856 residing in an area of 2,680 square kilometres ( 1,030 sq mi ) [ note 1 ] , and is 29 km ( 18 mi ) southeast of downtown Harbin , 190 km ( 120 mi ) north of Jilin City , and around 50 km ( 31 mi ) south of the Songhua River . It lies within the basin of and until 1909 was considered synonymous with the Ashi River which gave its name to the Jurchen Jin Dynasty . The district administers nine subdistricts , eight towns , one township , and one ethnic township . It borders Daowai District to the north , Bin County to the northeast , Shangzhi to the southeast , and Wuchang to the south , Shuangcheng District to the west , and Pingfang and Xiangfang Districts to the northwest .
Harbin ( Manchu : ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ ; Chinese : 哈尔滨 Hā'ěrbīn ) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Heilongjiang province , People 's Republic of China , as well as the second largest city by urban population and largest city by metropolitan population ( urban and rural together ) in Northeast China . Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts , two county-level cities and seven counties , and is the eighth most populous Chinese city according to the 2010 census , the built-up area ( which consists of all districts except Shuangcheng and Acheng ) had 5,282,093 inhabitants , while the total metropolitan population was up to 10,635,971 . Harbin serves as a key political , economic , scientific , cultural and communications hub in Northeast China , as well as an important industrial base of the nation . Harbin , whose name was originally a Manchu word meaning a place for drying fishing nets , grew from a small rural settlement on the Songhua River to become one of the largest cities in Northeast China . Founded in 1898 with the coming of the Chinese Eastern Railway , the city first prospered as a region inhabited by an overwhelming majority of immigrants from the Russian Empire . With its often harsh winters , Harbin is heralded as the Ice City for its well-known winter tourism and recreations . Harbin is notable for its beautiful ice sculpture festival in the winter . Besides being well known for its historical Russian legacy , the city serves as an important gateway in Sino-Russian trade today . In the 1920s , the city was considered China 's fashion capital since new designs from Paris and Moscow reached here first before arriving in Shanghai . The city was voted China Top Tourist City by the China National Tourism Administration in 2004 .
Heilongjiang ( 黑龙江 ; formerly romanized as Heilungkiang ) is a province in Northeast China . The province is bordered by Jilin to the south and Inner Mongolia to the west . It also shares a border with Russia ( Amur Oblast , Jewish Autonomous Oblast , Khabarovsk Krai , Primorsky Krai and Zabaykalsky Krai ) to the north and east . The capital and the largest city of the province is Harbin . Among Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions , Heilongjiang is the sixth-largest by total area and the 15th-most populous . The province takes its name from the Heilong River ( Chinese name of the Amur ) , which marks the border between the People 's Republic of China and Russia . Heilongjiang contains China 's northernmost point ( in Mohe City along the Amur ) and easternmost point ( at the junction of the Amur and Ussuri rivers ) . Heilongjiang has significant agricultural production , and raw materials , such as timber , oil and coal .
A paiza or paizi or gerege ( Middle Mongolian : Гэрэгэ , Mongolian : Пайз , Persian : پایزه pāiza , Chinese : 牌子 páizi ) was a tablet carried by Mongol officials and envoys to signify certain privileges and authority . They enabled Mongol nobles and officials to demand goods and services from civilian populations . Although only someone with a paiza was required to be supplied with mounts and served specified rations , those carrying military rarities used the yam even without a paiza . The officials and nobles of the Mongol Empire issued paizas unofficially and abused civilians . Therefore , Ögedei Khan ( r. 1229-1241 ) prohibited the nobility from issuing paizas and jarliqs . To attract foreign or overseas merchants and talents , the Great Khans gave them paiza exempting them from taxes and allowing them to use relay stations . Most of these merchants were business partners of the Mongols , known as ortoq . However , Möngke Khan ( r. 1251-1259 ) limited notorious abuses and sent imperial investigators to supervise the business of the merchants who were sponsored by the Mongols . He prohibited them from using the imperial relay stations or yam ( zam ) and paizas . Marco Polo , who visited the Yuan Dynasty during the reign of Kublai Khan ( r. 1260-1294 ) , left a good description of the paiza . The Ilkhan Ghazan ( r. 1295-1304 ) reformed the issuance of jarliqs , creating set forms and graded seals , ordering that all jarliqs be kept on file at court and canceling jarliqs older than 30 years and old paizas . He fashioned new paizas into two ranks , ordered that they bear the names of the bearers on them to prevent them from being transferred and required them to be relinquished at the end of the official 's term .
Chengde , formerly known as Jehol and Rehe , is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province , situated northeast of Beijing . It is best known as the site of the Mountain Resort , a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by the Qing emperors as summer residence . The permanent resident population is approximately 3,473,200 in 2017 .
Hebei ( 河北 ; alternately Hopeh ) is a coastal province in Northern China . The modern province was established in 1911 as Chihli Province ( Zhili Province ) . Its capital and largest city is Shijiazhuang . Its one-character abbreviation is 冀 ( Jì ) , named after Ji Province , a Han dynasty province ( zhou ) that included what is now southern Hebei . The name Hebei literally means north of the river , referring to its location entirely to the north of the Yellow River . The modern province Chili Province was formed in 1911 , when the central government dissolved the central governed area of Chihli , which means Directly Ruled ( by the Imperial Court ) until it was renamed as Hebei in 1928 . A common alternate name for Hebei is Yānzhào ( 燕趙 ) , after the state of Yan and state of Zhao that existed here during the Warring States period of early Chinese history . Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities , which border each other , were carved out of Hebei . The province borders Liaoning to the northeast , Inner Mongolia to the north , Shanxi to the west , Henan to the south , and Shandong to the southeast . Bohai Bay of the Bohai Sea is to the east . A small part of Hebei , Sanhe Exclave , consisting of Sanhe , Dachang Hui Autonomous County , and Xianghe County , an exclave disjointed from the rest of the province , is wedged between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin . With a population of over 74 million people , Hebei is China 's sixth most populous province .
Kyoto University ( 京都大学 , Kyōto daigaku ) , or Kyodai ( 京大 , Kyōdai ) is a national university in Kyoto , Japan . It is the second oldest Japanese university , one of Asia 's highest ranked universities and one of Japan 's National Seven Universities . One of Asia 's leading research-oriented institutions , Kyoto University is famed for producing world-class researchers , including 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 2 Fields medalists and one Gauss Prize winner . It has the most Nobel laureates of all universities in Asia .
Genghis Khan [ note 4 ] ( born Temüjin Borjigin , [ note 1 ] c. 1162 - August 18 , 1227 ) , also officially Genghis Emperor [ note 5 ] , was the founder and first Great Khan and Emperor of the Mongol Empire , which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death . He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia . After founding the Empire and being proclaimed Genghis Khan , he launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia . Campaigns initiated in his lifetime include those against the Qara Khitai , Caucasus , and Khwarazmian , Western Xia and Jin dynasties . These campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of the civilian populations , especially in the Khwarazmian- and Western Xia-controlled lands . By the end of his life , the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China . Before Genghis Khan died he assigned Ögedei Khan as his successor . Later his grandsons split his empire into khanates . Genghis Khan died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia . By his request , his body was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia . His descendants extended the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia by conquering or creating vassal states in all of modern-day China , Korea , the Caucasus , Central Asia , and substantial portions of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia . Many of these invasions repeated the earlier large-scale slaughters of local populations .
Jianping ( Chinese : 建平 ; pinyin : Jiànpíng ; literally : 'build peace ' ) is a county in the west of Liaoning province , China , bordering Inner Mongolia to the north , west , and northeast . It is under the administration of Chaoyang City , the urban centre of which is more than 65 km ( 40 mi ) to the east . The population
The Liaoning Provincial Museum ( Chinese : trad . 遼寧省博物館 , simp . 辽宁省博物馆 , Liáoníngshěng Bówùguǎn ) is a prominent museum of history and fine arts located in Shenyang , the capital of China 's Liaoning province .
Panshan County ( simplified Chinese : 盘山县 ; traditional Chinese : 盤山縣 ; pinyin : Pánshān Xiàn ) is a county in the central part of Liaoning province , China . It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Panjin and occupies its northern third . The county has a total area of 2,145 square kilometres ( 828 sq mi ) , and a population of approximately 280,000 people. [ when ? ] The county 's postal code is 124000 , and the county government is located in Shuangtaizi District .
Panjin ( simplified Chinese : 盘锦 ; traditional Chinese : 盤錦 ; pinyin : Pánjǐn ) is a coastal prefecture-level city in central Liaoning province , People 's Republic of China , situated on the northern shore of the Liaodong Bay . It borders Anshan to the east , Yingkou to the southeast , and Jinzhou to the west and north . It is the smallest city in both Liaoning and the entire Northeast China with an administrative area of 4,071 square kilometres ( 1,572 sq mi ) , and Liaoning 's least populous city with a population of 1.39 million people .