List of diplomatic missions in Russia
Diplomatic missions in Russia -- Consulates in remainder of Russia
Table:
Delegation

City

Type

Date
established

Photo

Website

Armenia
Rostov-on-Don
Consulate-General

-

Armenia
Sochi
Consular station

-

Belarus
Kaliningrad
Branch

-

Belarus
Khabarovsk
Branch

-

Belarus
Krasnodar
Branch

-

Belarus
Nizhniy Novgorod
Branch

-

Belarus
Novosibirsk
Branch

-

Belarus
Smolensk
Branch
2010[86]

-

Belarus
Tyumen
Branch

-

Belarus
Ufa
Branch

-

China
Irkutsk
Consulate-General
2009[87]

link

China
Khabarovsk
Consulate-General

link

China
Vladivostok
Consular-General
2005[88]

link

China
Kazan
Consulate-General
2017

link

Cyprus
Krasnodar
Consulate-General

link

Cyprus
Samara
Consulate-General

link

Estonia
Pskov
Consulate-General Chancery

-

Finland
Murmansk
Consulate-General Branch
1992[89]

-

Finland
Petrozavodsk
Consulate-General Branch
1990[89]

-

Germany
Kaliningrad
Consulate-General
2004[90]

link

Taking into account the accompanying table as well as the background passages provided at the end.

Answer the following question: What is the population of this port city where this country with the native name Hayk has a delegation ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

The original native Armenian name for the country was Հայք ( Hayk ) ; however , it is currently rarely used . The contemporary name Հայաստան ( Hayastan ) became popular in the Middle Ages by addition of the Persian suffix -stan ( place ) . [ citation needed ] . However the origins of the name Hayastan trace back to much earlier dates and were first attested in circa 5th century in the works of Agathangelos , Faustus of Byzantium , Ghazar Parpetsi , Koryun , and Sebeos . The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk ( Հայկ ) , the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah , who , according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene ( Movsis Khorenatsi ) , defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region . The further origin of the name is uncertain . It is also further postulated that the name Hay comes from one of the two confederated , Hittite vassal states - the Ḫayaša-Azzi ( 1600-1200 BC ) . The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription ( 515 BC ) as Armina ( ) . The Ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία ( Armenía ) and Ἀρμένιοι ( Arménioi , Armenians ) are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus ( c. 550 BC - c. 476 BC ) . Xenophon , a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions , describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC . Some scholars have linked the name Armenia with the Early Bronze Age state of Armani ( Armanum , Armi ) or the Late Bronze Age state of Arme ( Shupria ) . These connections are inconclusive as it is not known what languages were spoken in these kingdoms .
Rostov-on-Don ( Russian : Росто́в-на-Дону́ , tr . Rostov-na-Donu , IPA : [ rɐˈstof nə dɐˈnu ] ) is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia . It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River , 32 kilometers ( 20 mi ) from the Sea of Azov . The southwestern suburbs of the city abut the Don River delta . The population is over one million people ( 1,125,000 ) .
Sochi ( Russian : Со́чи , IPA : [ ˈsotɕɪ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Krasnodar Krai , Russia , located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia . The Greater Sochi area , which includes territories and localities subordinated to Sochi proper , has a total area of 3,526 square kilometers ( 1,361 sq mi ) and sprawls for 145 kilometers ( 90 mi ) along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains . [ citation needed ] The area of the city proper is 176.77 square kilometers ( 68.25 sq mi ) . According to the 2010 Census , the city had a permanent population of 343,334 , up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census , making it Russia 's largest resort city . Being part of the Caucasian Riviera , it is one of the very few places in Russia with a subtropical climate , with warm to hot summers and mild winters . With the alpine and Nordic events held at the nearby ski resort of Rosa Khutor in Krasnaya Polyana , Sochi hosted the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014 , as well as the Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2014 until at least 2020 . It was also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup .
Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR .
Kaliningrad ( Russian : Калининград , IPA : [ kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat ] , historically German : Königsberg , Polish : Królewiec , Lithuanian : Karaliaučius , Czech : Královec ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast , a Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea . At the 2010 Census , Kaliningrad 's population was 431,902 . Situated between Poland and Lithuania , both now in the European Union , Kaliningrad was strategically of importance during the Cold War . Following the de facto annexation of the territory , Soviet authorities built a new city that erased most historic links to the old city . In some districts , a few pre-war monuments remain .
Khabarovsk ( Russian : Хаба́ровск , tr . Khabarovsk , IPA : [ xɐˈbarəfsk ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai , Russia , located 30 kilometers ( 19 mi ) from the Chinese border , at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers , about 800 kilometers ( 500 mi ) north of Vladivostok . The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018 , when Vladivostok took over that role . It is the largest city in the Russian Far East , having overtaken Vladivostok in 2015 . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 577,441 . It was previously known as Khabarovka ( until 1893 ) .
Krasnodar ( /ˌkrɑːsnəˈdɑːr , -noʊ-/ ; Russian : Краснода́р , IPA : [ krəsnɐˈdar ] ) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai , Russia , located on the Kuban River , approximately 148 kilometers ( 92 mi ) northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 774,234 . According to the Federal Statistics Service of Russia , Krasnodar officially reached a population of 1,000,007 on September 22 , 2018 , thus the city is the 16th most populated city in Russia , and also the country 's 16th city with at least a million inhabitants . It was previously known as Yekaterinodar ( until December 7 , 1920 ) .
Nizhny Novgorod ( /ˌnɪʒni ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ NIZH-nee NOV-gə-rod ; Russian : Нижний Новгород , IPA : [ ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ] ) , colloquially shortened to Nizhny , is a city in Russia and the administrative center ( capital ) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast . From 1932 to 1990 , it was known as Gorky ( Горький , IPA : [ ˈɡorʲkʲɪj ] ) , after the writer Maxim Gorky , who was born there . The city is an important economic , transportation , scientific , educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region , and is the main center of river tourism in Russia . In the historic part of the city there are many universities , theaters , museums and churches . Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Moscow , where the Oka River empties into the Volga . Population : 1,250,619 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,311,252 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,438,133 ( 1989 Census ) . The city was founded in 4 February 1221 by Prince Yuri II of Vladimir . In 1612 Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky organized an army for the liberation of Moscow from the Poles . In 1817 Nizhny Novgorod became a great trade center of the Russian Empire . In 1896 at a fair , an All-Russia Exhibition was organized . During the Soviet period , the city turned into an important industrial center . In particular , the Gorky Automobile Plant was constructed in this period .
Novosibirsk ( /ˌnoʊvəsɪˈbɪərsk , -voʊs-/ , also UK : /ˌnɒv-/ ; Russian : Новосиби́рск , IPA : [ nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk ] ( listen ) , li . : New Siberia ) is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast in Russia . Located in the southwestern part of Siberia on the banks of the Ob River , it is the third-most populous city in Russia ( after Moscow and St. Petersburg ) as well as the most populous city in Asian Russia , with a population of 1,612,833 as of the 2018 census . Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future Trans-Siberian Railway . Originally named Novonikolayevsk , it grew rapidly into a major transport , commercial and industrial hub . The city was ravaged by the Russian Civil War but recovered during the early Soviet period , and gained its present name in 1926 . Under Stalin , Novosibirsk became one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia . Following the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War the city hosted many factories relocated from European Russia . Novosibirsk is home to the headquarters of numerous Russian corporations , as well as the world-renowned Novosibirsk Zoo . It is served by Tolmachevo Airport , the busiest airport in Siberia .
Smolensk ( Russian : Смоленск , IPA : [ smɐˈlʲensk ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast , Russia , located on the Dnieper River , 360 kilometers ( 220 mi ) west-southwest of Moscow . The walled city in the center of Smolensk ( along with the outskirts ) was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of the Mongol Empire , Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Tsardom of Russia , First French Empire and Nazi Germany . Today , Smolensk is noted for its electronics , textiles , food processing , and diamond faceting industries .
Tyumen ( /tjuːˈmɛn/ tew-MEN ; Russian : Тюмень , IPA : [ tʲʉˈmʲenʲ ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city and the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast , Russia , located on the Tura River 2,500 kilometers ( 1,600 mi ) east of Moscow . Tyumen was the first Russian settlement in Siberia . Founded in 1586 to support Russia 's eastward expansion , the city has remained one of the most important industrial and economic centers east of the Ural Mountains . Located at the junction of several important trade routes and with easy access to navigable waterways , Tyumen rapidly developed from a small military settlement to a large commercial and industrial city . The central part of Old Tyumen retains many historic buildings from throughout the city 's history . Today Tyumen is an important business center . It is the transport hub and industrial center of Tyumen Oblast - an oil-rich region bordering Kazakhstan - as well as the home of many companies active in Russia 's oil and gas industry .
Ufa ( Russian : Уфа́ , tr . Ufá , IPA : [ ʊˈfa ] ; Bashkir : Өфө ; Bashkir pronunciation : [ ʏ̞ˈfʏ̞ ] , pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan , Russia , and the industrial , economic , scientific and cultural center of the republic . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 1,062,319 , making it the eleventh most populous city in Russia .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
Irkutsk ( /ɪərˈkutsk/ eer-KOOTSK ; Russian : Иркутск , IPA : [ ɪrˈkutsk ] ; Buryat and Mongolian : Эрхүү , Erhüü ) is the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast , Russia , and one of the largest cities in Siberia . Many distinguished Russians were sent into exile in Irkutsk for their part in the Decembrist revolt of 1825 , and the city became an exile-post for the rest of the century . Some of the fine wooden houses still survive , contrasting with the dominant Soviet architecture . When the railway reached Irkutsk , it had earned the nickname of The Paris of Siberia . The city saw bitter fighting in the Russian Civil War of 1918-20 , and then became a major centre of aircraft manufacture . Trans-Siberian Highway ( Federal M53 and M55 Highways ) and Trans-Siberian Railway connect Irkutsk to other regions in Russia and Mongolia .
Vladivostok ( Russian : Владивосто́к , IPA : [ vlədʲɪvɐˈstok ] ( listen ) , literally 'Ruler of the East ' , 'Rule the East ' , 'Lord of the East ' , or 'Conqueror of the East ' ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Far Eastern Federal District and Primorsky Krai , Russia , located around the Golden Horn Bay , not far from Russia 's borders with China and North Korea . The population of the city as of 2019 [ update ] was 605,049 up from 592,034 recorded in the 2010 Russian census . Harbin in China is about 515 kilometres ( 320 mi ) away , while Sapporo in Japan is about 775 kilometres ( 482 mi ) east across the Sea of Japan . The city is the home port of the Russian Pacific Fleet and is the largest Russian port on the Pacific coast .
Kazan ( /kəˈzæn , -ˈzɑːn/ ; Russian : Каза́нь , IPA : [ kɐˈzanʲ ] ; Tatar : Казан ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan , Russia . With a population of 1,243,500 , it is the sixth most populous city in Russia . Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia , about 715 kilometres ( 444 mi ) east from Moscow . In the Late Middle Ages , Kazan was an important trade and political center within the Golden Horde . In 1438 , the city became the capital of the Khanate of Kazan . In 1552 , Kazan was captured by Ivan the Terrible and became part of Russia . The city was largely destroyed during Pugachev 's Rebellion , but was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great . In the following centuries , Kazan grew to become a major industrial , cultural and religious center in Russia . Kazan is renowned for its vibrant mix of Oriental and Russian cultures . In 2015 , 2.1 million tourists visited Kazan , and 1.5 million tourists visited the Kazan Kremlin , a World Heritage Site . In April 2009 , the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the Third Capital of Russia . In 2009 it was chosen as the sports capital of Russia and it still is referred to as such .
Cyprus ( /ˈsaɪprəs/ ( listen ) ; Greek : Κύπρος [ ˈcipros ] ; Turkish : Kıbrıs [ ˈkɯbɾɯs ] ) , officially the Republic of Cyprus ( Greek : Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , lit . Cypriot Republic ; Turkish : Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , lit . Republic of Cyprus ) , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean , located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , north of Israel , the Gaza Strip ( Palestinian region ) and Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 ( de jure until 1914 ) . Cyprus was placed under the UK 's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them ; while , since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 .
Samara ( Russian : Сама́ра , IPA : [ sɐˈmarə ] ) , known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev ( Куйбышев ; IPA : [ ˈkujbɨʂɨf ] ) , is the ninth largest city in Russia and the administrative center of Samara Oblast . Some statistics indicate that it is the eighth or ninth-largest city by population , rather than sixth . It is in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara rivers , on the east bank of the Volga which acts as the city 's western boundary ; across the river are the Zhiguli Mountains , after which the local beer ( Zhigulyovskoye ) is named . The northern boundary is formed by the Sokolyi Hills and by the steppes in the south and east . The city covers 46,597 hectares ( 115,140 acres ) , with a population of 1,164,685 ( 2010 Census ) ; the metropolitan area of Samara , Tolyatti and Syzran has a population of over 3 million . It is about 300 kilometres ( 190 mi ) from Kazan , 410 kilometres ( 250 mi ) from Ufa , 340 kilometres ( 210 mi ) from Saratov and 235 kilometres ( 146 mi ) from Oral , Kazakhstan . Formerly a closed city , Samara is now a large and important social , political , economic , industrial , and cultural centre in European Russia and hosted the European Union - Russia Summit in May 2007 . It has a continental climate characterised by hot summers and cold winters . The life of Samara 's citizens has always been intrinsically linked to the Volga River , which has not only served as the main commercial thoroughfare of Russia throughout several centuries , but also has great visual appeal . Samara 's riverfront is considered one of the favourite recreation places both for local citizens and tourists . After the Soviet novelist Vasily Aksyonov visited Samara , he remarked : I am not sure where in the West one can find such a long and beautiful embankment .
Estonia ( Estonian : Eesti [ ˈeːsʲti ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Estonia ( Estonian : Eesti Vabariik ) , is a country on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe . It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland with Finland on the other side , to the west by the Baltic Sea with Sweden on the other side , to the south by Latvia ( 343 km ) , and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia ( 338.6 km ) . The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland and of 2,222 islands in the Baltic Sea , covering a total area of 45,227 km2 ( 17,462 sq mi ) , water 2,839 km2 ( 1,096 sq mi ) , land area 42,388 km2 ( 16,366 sq mi ) , and is influenced by a humid continental climate . The official language of the country , Estonian , is the second-most-spoken Finnic language . The territory of Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC . Ancient Estonians became some of the last European pagans to adopt Christianity - following the Livonian Crusade in the 13th century . After centuries of successive rule by Germans , Danes , Swedes , Poles and Russians , a distinct Estonian national identity began to emerge in the 19th and early 20th centuries . This culminated in independence from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I . Initially democratic prior to the Great Depression , Estonia experienced authoritarian rule from 1934 during the Era of Silence . During World War II ( 1939-1945 ) , Estonia was repeatedly contested and occupied by the Soviet Union and Germany , ultimately being incorporated into the former . After the loss of its de facto independence , Estonia 's de jure state continuity was preserved by diplomatic representatives and the government-in-exile . In 1987 the peaceful Singing Revolution began against Soviet rule , resulting in the restoration of de facto independence on 20 August 1991 .
Pskov ( Russian : Псков , IPA : [ pskof ] ( listen ) ; see also names in other languages ) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast , located about 20 kilometers ( 12 mi ) east from the Estonian border , on the Velikaya River . Population : 203,279 ( 2010 Census ) ; 202,780 ( 2002 Census ) ; 203,789 ( 1989 Census ) . Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia . It served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League . Later it came under the control of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Russian Empire .
Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions .
Murmansk ( Russian : Му́рманск , IPA : [ ˈmurmənsk ] , Kildin Sami : Мӯрман ланнҍ Mūrman lannĩ ) is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia . It sits on both slopes and banks of a modest ria or fjord , Kola Bay , an estuarine inlet of the Barents Sea . Its bulk is on the east bank of the inlet . It is in the north of the rounded Kola Peninsula which covers most of the oblast ( semi-autonomous region ) . The city is 108 kilometres ( 67 mi ) from the border with Norway and 182 kilometres ( 113 mi ) from the Finnish border . The city is named for the Murman Coast , an archaic term in Russian for Norway . Benefitting from the North Atlantic Current , Murmansk resembles cities of its size across western Russia , with highway and railway access to the rest of Europe , and the northernmost trolleybus system on Earth . Its lies over 2° north of the Arctic Circle . Its connectivity contrasts to the isolation of Arctic ports like the Siberian Dikson on the shores of the Kara Sea and Iqaluit , Nunavut in Canada on Baffin Island 's Frobisher Bay off the Labrador Sea . Despite long , snowy winters , Murmansk 's climate is moderated by the generally ice-free waters around it . Although there was a building boom in the early twentieth century 's arms races , Murmansk 's population has been in a slow decline since the Cold War , from 468,039 ( 1989 Census ) ; 336,137 ( 2002 Census ) ; 307,257 ( 2010 Census ) ; to 299,148 ( 2014 estimate ) . It remains the largest city north of the Arctic Circle , with almost 100,000 more inhabitants than Oulu , Finland , and is a major port on the Arctic Ocean .
Petrozavodsk ( Russian : Петрозаводск , IPA : [ pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk ] ; Karelian , Vepsian and Finnish : Petroskoi ) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia , Russia , which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers ( 17 mi ) . Population : 261,987 ( 2010 Census ) ; 266,160 ( 2002 Census ) ; 269,485 ( 1989 Census ) . It was previously known as Shuysky Zavod ( 1703-1704 ) and Petrovskaya Sloboda ( 1704-1777 ) , as well as Äänislinna among the Finnish forces during the Continuation War ( 1941-1944 ) .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .