List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in the San Fernando Valley
Current and former Historic-Cultural Monuments
Table:
HCM #[2]

Landmark name[3]

Image

Date designated[3]

Locality[3]

Neighborhood

Description

1

Leonis Adobe

August 6, 1962

23537 Calabasas Rd.
34°09′27″N 118°38′24″W﻿ / ﻿34.15750°N 118.64000°W﻿ / 34.15750; -118.64000﻿ (1. Leonis Adobe)

Calabasas

Monterey-style adobe residence built in the 1840s and occupied by Miguel Leonis ("one of the most colorful, influential and prominent figures of early Los Angeles") starting in the 1870s; now operated as a museum

2
(2329)

Bolton Hall

August 6, 1962

10116 Commerce Ave.
34°15′10″N 118°17′17″W﻿ / ﻿34.25278°N 118.28806°W﻿ / 34.25278; -118.28806﻿ (2. Bolton Hall)

Tujunga

Community hall of utopian community built from native stone and local hillside materials in 1913. Owned by City of Los Angeles—open to the public.

7
(CHL 362)
(2394)

Romulo Pico Adobe

September 21, 1962

10940 Sepulveda Blvd.
34°16′8″N 118°28′3″W﻿ / ﻿34.26889°N 118.46750°W﻿ / 34.26889; -118.46750﻿ (7. Pico, Romulo, Adobe)

Mission Hills

Two-story adobe residence built in 1834 now operated by San Fernando Valley Historical Society; oldest residence in the San Fernando Valley

9

Shadow Ranch House

November 2, 1962

22633 Vanowen St.
34°11′39″N 118°37′08″W﻿ / ﻿34.194056°N 118.61902°W﻿ / 34.194056; -118.61902﻿ (9. Shadow Ranch House)

West Hills

Two story ranch house built between 1869 and 1872, partly adobe and partly redwood

14

Chatsworth Community Church

January 28, 1963

22601 Lassen St.
34°15′8″N 118°37′14″W﻿ / ﻿34.25222°N 118.62056°W﻿ / 34.25222; -118.62056﻿ (14. Chatsworth Community Church)

Chatsworth

Located in Oakwood Memorial Park, the oldest public building in Chatsworth, built in 1903; originally at 10051 Topanga Canyon Blvd.

23
(2355)

San Fernando Rey Mission

August 8, 1963

15151 San Fernando Mission Blvd.
34°16′23″N 118°27′40″W﻿ / ﻿34.27306°N 118.46111°W﻿ / 34.27306; -118.46111﻿ (23. Mission San Fernando Rey de Convento Building)

Mission Hills

Spanish mission built in the late 18th century; Convento Building (pictured) was rebuilt after the 1971 earthquake; 17th California Mission.

24

Encino Oak Tree

September 6, 1963

Louise Ave., 210 feet (64 m) south of Ventura Blvd.

Encino

Oak tree estimated to be 1,000 years old; tree damaged, removed and delisted 1/1/1997; stump pictured at left.

29

Campo de Cahuenga

November 13, 1964

3919 Lankershim Blvd.
34°8′24″N 118°21′42″W﻿ / ﻿34.14000°N 118.36167°W﻿ / 34.14000; -118.36167﻿ (29. Campo de Cahuenga)

Studio City

Site of the signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga, January 13, 1847

31

Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center

January 22, 1965

23555 Justice St.
34°13′01″N 118°38′21″W﻿ / ﻿34.21694°N 118.63917°W﻿ / 34.21694; -118.63917﻿ (31. Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center)

Canoga Park

1920 Rancho Sombra del Roble Spanish Colonial Revival Style adobe residence and estate of early oil tycoon and discoverer of fossils at La Brea Tar Pits

32

Saint Saviour's Chapel Harvard School

February 5, 1965

3700 Coldwater Canyon Ave.
34°08′23″N 118°24′45″W﻿ / ﻿34.13972°N 118.41250°W﻿ / 34.13972; -118.41250﻿ (32. Saint Saviour's Chapel)

Studio City

Chapel patterned after the Chapel at Rugby School in England; pews face center aisle

41

114 Deodar Trees

August 3, 1966

White Oak Ave.34°16′03″N 118°31′11″W﻿ / ﻿34.26737°N 118.51966°W﻿ / 34.26737; -118.51966﻿ (41. 114 Deodar Trees)

Granada Hills

Cedrus deodara trees native to the Himalayas, planted in 1932; between San Fernando Mission and San Jose St.

49

76 Mature Olive Trees

May 10, 1967

Lassen St.
34°15′00″N 118°36′31″W﻿ / ﻿34.25000°N 118.60861°W﻿ / 34.25000; -118.60861﻿ (49. 76 Mature Olive Trees)

Chatsworth

Olive trees planted in late 19th Century lining both sides of Lassen St. between Topanga Canyon Blvd. and Farralone Ave.

50

Mission Wells and Settling Basin

May 10, 1967

Bleeker St. & Havana Ave.
34°17′31″N 118°27′14″W﻿ / ﻿34.29194°N 118.45389°W﻿ / 34.29194; -118.45389﻿ (50. Mission Wells and Settling Basin)

Sylmar

Remains of wells built of mission tiles around 1800 by Tongva Indians from the Mission San Fernando Rey de España to provide water to the mission; taken over by the Department of Water and Power in 1919, the 6-acre (24,000 m2) well site is the oldest existing source of water supply in the city, other than the Los Angeles River[4]

63

McGroarty Home

February 4, 1970

7570 McGroarty Ter.
34°15′02″N 118°17′52″W﻿ / ﻿34.25056°N 118.29778°W﻿ / 34.25056; -118.29778﻿ (63. McGroarty Home)

Tujunga

Fieldstone and stucco house was home to California poet laureate, and Congressman John S. McGroarty, 1933–1944. Owned by City of Los Angeles—open to public.

92

Old Stage Coach Trail Property

January 5, 1972

Chatsworth Park South
34°15′40″N 118°37′40″W﻿ / ﻿34.26111°N 118.62778°W﻿ / 34.26111; -118.62778﻿ (92. Old Stage Coach Trail Property)

Chatsworth

Old Santa Susana Stage Road over Santa Susana Pass dating to the 1860s linked the San Fernando Valley with Simi Valley and Ventura

93

Pepper Trees

January 5, 1972

Canoga Ave.

Woodland Hills

Approximately 300 California Pepper Trees (Schinus molle) planted for Girard development in the 1920s forming an arch over Canoga Ave. between Ventura Blvd. and Saltillo St.

132

Stoney Point Outcroppings

November 20, 1974

Chatsworth Park North
34°15′45″N 118°37′04″W﻿ / ﻿34.26250°N 118.61778°W﻿ / 34.26250; -118.61778﻿ (132. Stoney Point Outcroppings)

Chatsworth

Picturesque rock outcroppings in northwest corner of Chatsworth

133

Minnie Hill Palmer House

November 20, 1974

Chatsworth Park South
34°15′40″N 118°36′53″W﻿ / ﻿34.26111°N 118.61472°W﻿ / 34.26111; -118.61472﻿ (133. Palmer, Minnie Hill, House)

Chatsworth

Cottage built in 1913, typical of structures built by pioneering homesteaders in the San Fernando Valley

135

Canoga Mission Gallery

December 4, 1974

23130 Sherman Way
34°11′20″N 118°37′51″W﻿ / ﻿34.18889°N 118.63083°W﻿ / 34.18889; -118.63083﻿ (135. Canoga Mission Gallery)

West Hills

Mission Revival Style stables built in 1936 by Francis Lederer, converted into a community arts center 1970s

141

Chatsworth Reservoir Kiln Site

April 2, 1975

Southeast of intersection of Woolsey Canyon Rd. and Valley Circle Blvd.
34°14′08″N 118°38′26″W﻿ / ﻿34.23556°N 118.64056°W﻿ / 34.23556; -118.64056﻿ (141. Chatsworth Reservoir Kiln Site)

West Hills

La Calera; Site of kiln used to make bricks and tiles for the San Fernando Mission; fenced off and not accessible to public

Using the provided table together with the context paragraphs below.

Answer the following question: When did the building of the listing begin that is found in the neighborhood that used to be part of Mission San Fernando Rey de España ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The Leonis Adobe , built in 1844 , is one of the oldest surviving private residences in Los Angeles County and one of the oldest surviving buildings in the San Fernando Valley . Located in what is now Calabasas , California , the adobe was occupied by the wealthy rancher Miguel Leonis ( October 20 , 1824 - September 20 , 1889 ) until his death . Following Leonis ' death , the property was the subject of a legal dispute between his common law wife Espiritu Chijulla ( 1836 - May 10 , 1906 ) , heirs , and a daughter born out of wedlock ; the dispute lasted more than 15 years in the courts . In 1961 , the adobe had fallen victim to vandalism , and its owner applied for a permit to raze the structure and erect a supermarket in its place . Preservationists succeeded in having the adobe declared Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument # 1 in 1962 , saving it from the wrecking ball at the last minute . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 . According to legend , the Leonis Adobe is haunted , and was featured in the British paranormal television series Most Haunted in 2005 . The adobe was restored and is operated as a living museum .
Calabasas ( /ˌkæləˈbæsəs/ ) is a city in Los Angeles County , California , United States , located in the hills west of the San Fernando Valley and in the northwest Santa Monica Mountains between Woodland Hills , Agoura Hills , West Hills , Hidden Hills , and Malibu , California . The Leonis Adobe , an adobe structure in Old Town Calabasas , dates from 1844 and is one of the oldest surviving buildings in greater Los Angeles . The city was formally incorporated in 1991 . As of the 2010 census , the city 's population was 23,058 , up from 20,033 at the 2000 census .
In the early 1900s , the area now known as Tujunga was undeveloped land , the former Rancho Tujunga . In 1913 , William Ellsworth Smythe , working alongside M.V . Hartranft ( they had purchased the land together ) , formed a utopian community called Los Terrenitos - Spanish for The Little Lands . Smythe was the leader of the Utopian Little Landers movement and had already established colonies in Idaho and San Ysidro , California . He advocated the principle that families settling on an acre or two of land could support themselves and create a flourishing community . [ citation needed ] Town lots in Tujunga were sold to settlers at $ 800 for an acre of land and a life of independence . Bolton Hall was built in 1913 by George Harris , a self-described nature builder , rock mason , and stone sculptor . He first named it Bolton Hall Hall , after Bolton Hall ( 1854-1938 ) , a New York City progressive activist and proponent of the back-to-the-land movement . :38 Harris urged that the 3,000-square-foot ( 280 m2 ) hall be built solely of native materials and selected a design that he said borrowed nothing from European architecture . Harris and the Terrenitos community built the hall using granite chunks and stones from nearby fields and hillsides and from the Tujunga Wash. Stones were placed in position in the structure based on the positions in which they settled after falling from a cliff . The spacious main room has shiny hardwood floors and a massive rock fireplace in the center . The fireplace is spanned by a 14-foot ( 4.3 m ) mantel fashioned from a single eucalyptus tree .
Sunland-Tujunga /təˈhʌŋɡə/ is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles located by the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in the Crescenta Valley . Though Sunland and Tujunga began as separate settlements , they are today linked through a single police station , branch library , neighborhood council , chamber of commerce , City Council district , and high school and various civic organizations . The merging of these communities under a hyphenated name goes back as far as 1928 . Sunland-Tujunga contains the highest point of the city , Mount Lukens .
Rómulo Pico Adobe , also known as Ranchito Rómulo and Andrés Pico Adobe , was built in 1834 and is the oldest residence in the San Fernando Valley , making it the second oldest residence in Los Angeles . Located in the Mission Hills section of the city , the Rómulo Pico Adobe is a short distance from the San Fernando Mission ( Mission San Fernando Rey de España ) . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966 .
Mission Hills is an urban residential community of the San Fernando Valley , within the city of Los Angeles , California . It is near the northern junction of the Golden State Freeway ( I-5 ) and the San Diego Freeway ( I-405 ) . The Ronald Reagan Freeway ( SR-118 ) halves the community . Mission Hills is at the northern end of the long Sepulveda Boulevard . Other main thoroughfares are San Fernando Mission Boulevard , Woodman Avenue , and Rinaldi , Brand , Chatsworth , Devonshire , and Lassen Streets . The boundaries are roughly Sepulveda Blvd and Interstate 405 to the west , Interstate 5 to the north and east , Van Nuys Boulevard to the southeast , and Lassen Street to the south . The Granada Hills community lies to the west , Sylmar to the north , the city of San Fernando to the northeast , Pacoima to the east , Arleta to the southeast , and Panorama City to the south . The community is named for the nearby Spanish Mission San Fernando Rey de España ( 1784 ) . It includes the Andrés Pico Adobe , the second oldest residence still standing in Los Angeles . The San Fernando Mission Cemetery , located a short distance away , is one of the oldest active cemeteries within the San Fernando Valley .
Shadow Ranch is a historic ranch house , built from 1869-1872 using adobe and redwood lumber , on the original Workman Ranch in the western San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles , California . For much of the 20th century it was in Canoga Park , but it is now within the boundaries of the West Hills community .
West Hills is a residential and commercial neighborhood in the western San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles , California . The percentage of residents aged 35 and older is among the highest in Los Angeles County . The neighborhood was formerly the home of many Native American tribes , and during the early Spanish and Mexican era was part of the Mission San Fernando Rey de España . In the American era , West Hills was part of Owensmouth , which was renamed Canoga Park in 1930 . West Hills was established in western Canoga Park and retained its present name in 1987 . Historic landmarks and many city parks are to be found within the community , as are commercial districts , a business district , and religious establishments . Two private high schools are among the 13 schools within West Hills .
Chatsworth Community Church is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in the Chatsworth section of Los Angeles , California .
Chatsworth is a neighborhood in the northwestern San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles , California , United States . The area was home to Native Americans , some of whom left caves containing rock art . Chatsworth was explored and colonized by the Spanish beginning in the 18th century . The land was part of a Spanish land grant , Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando , in the 19th century , and after the United States took over the land following the Mexican-American War , it was the largest such grant in California . Settlement and development followed . [ citation needed ] Chatsworth has seven public and eight private schools . There are large open-space and smaller recreational parks as well as a public library and a transportation center . Distinctive features are the former Chatsworth Reservoir and the Santa Susana Field Laboratory . The neighborhood has one of the lowest population densities in Los Angeles and a relatively high income level . Chatsworth is the home of the Iverson Movie Ranch , a 500-acre area which was the most filmed movie ranch in history , as more than 2000 productions used it as a filming location .
The Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery is located at 22601 Lassen Street , Chatsworth , Los Angeles , California . It is the resting place for several movie stars such as Fred Astaire , Ginger Rogers , Gloria Grahame , and Stephen Boyd .
Mission San Fernando Rey de España is a Spanish mission in the Mission Hills district of Los Angeles , California . The mission was founded on September 8 , 1797 , and was the seventeenth of the twenty-one Spanish missions established in Alta California . Named for Saint Ferdinand , the mission is the namesake of the nearby city of San Fernando and the San Fernando Valley . The mission was secularized in 1834 and returned to the Catholic Church in 1861 ; it became a working church in 1920 . Today the mission grounds function as a museum ; the church is a chapel of ease of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles .
Mission Hills is an urban residential community of the San Fernando Valley , within the city of Los Angeles , California . It is near the northern junction of the Golden State Freeway ( I-5 ) and the San Diego Freeway ( I-405 ) . The Ronald Reagan Freeway ( SR-118 ) halves the community . Mission Hills is at the northern end of the long Sepulveda Boulevard . Other main thoroughfares are San Fernando Mission Boulevard , Woodman Avenue , and Rinaldi , Brand , Chatsworth , Devonshire , and Lassen Streets . The boundaries are roughly Sepulveda Blvd and Interstate 405 to the west , Interstate 5 to the north and east , Van Nuys Boulevard to the southeast , and Lassen Street to the south . The Granada Hills community lies to the west , Sylmar to the north , the city of San Fernando to the northeast , Pacoima to the east , Arleta to the southeast , and Panorama City to the south . The community is named for the nearby Spanish Mission San Fernando Rey de España ( 1784 ) . It includes the Andrés Pico Adobe , the second oldest residence still standing in Los Angeles . The San Fernando Mission Cemetery , located a short distance away , is one of the oldest active cemeteries within the San Fernando Valley .
The Convento Building , known for its iconic arched portico or colonnade , was built between 1808 and 1822 and is the only original building remaining at the Mission San Fernando Rey de España in the Mission Hills section of San Fernando Valley in California in the United States . It was also the largest adobe building in California and the largest original building at any of the California missions .
The Encino Oak Tree , also known as the Lang Oak , was a 1,000-year-old California live oak tree , Quercus agrifolia , in the Encino section of Los Angeles , California . It was designated as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument ( HCM # 24 ) in 1963 .
Encino is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles , California .
The Campo de Cahuenga , ( /kəˈwɛŋɡə/ ( listen ) ) near the historic Cahuenga Pass in present-day Studio City , California , was an adobe ranch house on the Rancho Cahuenga where the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed between Lieutenant Colonel John C. Frémont and General Andrés Pico in 1847 , ending hostilities in California between Mexico and the United States . The subsequent Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 , ceding California , parts of Colorado , Nevada , New Mexico , and Arizona ( but not Texas since it had seceded from Mexico in 1836 , declared itself a republic , and joined the union in 1845 ) to the United States , formally ended the Mexican-American War . From 1858 to 1861 the Campo de Cahuenga became a Butterfield Stage Station .
Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles , California , in the southeast San Fernando Valley , just west of the Cahuenga Pass . It is named after the studio lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927 , now known as CBS Studio Center .
The Treaty of Cahuenga , also called the Capitulation of Cahuenga , ended the fighting of the Mexican-American War in Alta California in 1847 . It was not a formal treaty between nations but an informal agreement between rival military forces in which the Californios gave up fighting . The treaty was drafted in English and Spanish by José Antonio Carrillo , approved by American Lieutenant-Colonel John C. Frémont and Mexican Governor Andrés Pico on January 13 , 1847 at Campo de Cahuenga in what is now Universal City , California . The treaty called for the Californios to give up their artillery , and provided that all prisoners from both sides be immediately freed . Those Californios who promised not to again take up arms during the war , and to obey the laws and regulations of the United States , were allowed to peaceably return to their homes and ranchos . They were to be allowed the same rights and privileges as were allowed to citizens of the United States , and were not to be compelled to take an oath of allegiance until a treaty of peace was signed between the United States and Mexico , and were given the privilege of leaving the country if they wished to do so . Under the later Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 , Mexico formally ceded Alta California and other territories to the United States , and the disputed border of Texas was fixed at the Rio Grande . Pico , like nearly all the Californios , became an American citizen with full legal and voting rights . Pico later became a State Assemblyman and then a State Senator representing Los Angeles in the California State Legislature .
The Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center , formally known as Rancho Sombra del Roble , is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument ( HCM # 31 ) located in the West Hills section of Los Angeles , California , USA .
Canoga Park is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles , California , United States . Its 60,000+ residents are considered to be highly diverse ethnically . Before the Mexican-American War , the district was part of a rancho , and after the American victory it was converted into wheat farms and then subdivided , with part of it named Owensmouth as a town founded in 1912 . It joined Los Angeles in 1917 and was renamed Canoga Park on March 1 , 1931 , thanks to the efforts of local civic leader Mary Logan Orcutt .
The Spanish Colonial Revival Style ( Spanish : Arquitectura neocolonial española ) is an architectural stylistic movement arising in the early 20th century based on the Spanish Colonial architecture of the Spanish colonization of the Americas . The Panama-California Exposition of 1915 in San Diego , highlighting the work of architect Bertram Goodhue , is credited with giving the style national exposure . Embraced principally in California and Florida , the Spanish Colonial Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1915 and 1931 .
La Brea Tar Pits are a group of tar pits around which Hancock Park was formed in urban Los Angeles . Natural asphalt ( also called asphaltum , bitumen , pitch , or tar - brea in Spanish ) has seeped up from the ground in this area for tens of thousands of years . The tar is often covered with dust , leaves , or water . Over many centuries , the tar preserved the bones of trapped animals . The George C. Page Museum is dedicated to researching the tar pits and displaying specimens from the animals that died there . La Brea Tar Pits is a registered National Natural Landmark .
Saint Saviour 's Chapel at Harvard-Westlake School in the Studio City section of Los Angeles , California , is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument ( No . # 32 ) . The chapel was patterned after the Chapel at Rugby School in England . Its pews face the center aisle , and it is considered an excellent example of the collegiate chapel style . It also features a large rood cross made by students in the school 's wood shop . The chapel was built in 1914 at the original campus of the Harvard School at Western Avenue and Venice Boulevard . It was designed by Reginald Johnson , the son of the first Episcopal bishop of Los Angeles . When the campus moved to its present Studio City location in 1937 , the chapel was divided into sixteen pieces and moved across Sepulveda Boulevard to the new campus .
Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles , California , in the southeast San Fernando Valley , just west of the Cahuenga Pass . It is named after the studio lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927 , now known as CBS Studio Center .
Granada Hills is a lightly populated , highly diverse and high-income neighborhood . It is a suburban residential community in the San Fernando Valley portion of the city of Los Angeles , California . There is an active sports program and a range of city recreation centers . The neighborhood has fourteen public and seven private schools .
Cedrus deodara , the deodar cedar , Himalayan cedar , or deodar/devdar/devadar/devadaru , is a species of cedar native to the western Himalayas in Eastern Afghanistan , Northern Pakistan ( especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ) and India ( Jammu and Kashmir , Himachal Pradesh , Uttarakhand , Sikkim and , Arunachal Pradesh states and the Darjeeling Region of West Bengal ) , Southwestern Tibet and Western Nepal , occurring at 1,500-3,200 m ( 4,921-10,499 ft ) altitude . It is a large evergreen coniferous tree reaching 40-50 m ( 131-164 ft ) tall , exceptionally 60 m ( 197 ft ) with a trunk up to 3 m ( 10 ft ) in diameter . It has a conic crown with level branches and drooping branchlets . The leaves are needle-like , mostly 2.5-5 cm ( 0.98-1.97 in ) long , occasionally up to 7 cm ( 2.8 in ) long , slender ( 1 mm ( 0.039 in ) thick ) , borne singly on long shoots , and in dense clusters of 20-30 on short shoots ; they vary from bright green to glaucous blue-green in colour . The female cones are barrel-shaped , 7-13 cm ( 2.8-5.1 in ) long and 5-9 cm ( 2.0-3.5 in ) broad , and disintegrate when mature ( in 12 months ) to release the winged seeds . The male cones are 4-6 cm ( 1.6-2.4 in ) long , and shed their pollen in autumn .
The Lassen Street Olive Trees , also known as 76 Mature Olive Trees , are a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument located in the Chatsworth community of the northwestern San Fernando Valley , in Los Angeles , Southern California .
Sylmar is the northernmost neighborhood of Los Angeles , California . Historically known for its profusion of olive orchards , Sylmar can trace its past to the 18th century and the founding of the San Fernando Mission . In 1890 olive production was begun in a systematic manner . The Sylmar climate was also considered healthy , and so a sanitarium was established , the first in a series of hospitals in the neighborhood . There are fourteen public and eight private schools within Sylmar .
The Tongva ( /ˈtɒŋvə/ TONG-və ) are a Native American people of Southern California . They historically inhabited the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands , an area covering approximately 4,000 square miles ( 10,000 km2 ) . The Tongva are also known as the Gabrieleño and Fernandeño people , [ a ] names derived from the Spanish missions built on their territory : Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Fernando Rey de España . [ b ] Along with the neighboring Chumash , the Tongva were the most powerful indigenous people to inhabit Southern California . At the time of European contact , they may have numbered 5,000 to 10,000 . Many lines of evidence suggest that the Tongva are descended from Uto-Aztecan-speaking peoples who originated in what is now Nevada and moved southwest into coastal Southern California 3,500 years ago . These migrants either absorbed or pushed out the Hokan-speaking peoples in the region . By 500 AD , the Tongva had come to occupy all the lands now associated with them . A hunter-gatherer society , the Tongva traded widely with neighboring peoples . Over time , scattered communities came to speak distinct dialects of the Tongva language , part of the Takic subgroup of the Uto-Aztecan language family . There may have been five or more such dialects ( three on the southernmost Channel Islands and at least two on the mainland ) . The Tongva language became extinct in the twentieth century , but a reconstructed form continues to be spoken today .
The Los Angeles River is a major river in Los Angeles County , California . Its headwaters are in the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains , and it flows nearly 51 miles ( 82 km ) from Canoga Park through the San Fernando Valley , Downtown Los Angeles , and the Gateway Cities to its mouth in Long Beach . While the river was once free-flowing and frequently flooding , forming alluvial flood plains along its banks , it is currently notable for flowing through a concrete channel on a fixed course , which was built after a series of devastating floods in the early 20th century . Before the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct , the river was the primary source of fresh water for the city . Although the Los Angeles region still receives some water from the river and other local sources , most of the water supply flows from several aqueducts serving the area . The Los Angeles River is heavily polluted from agricultural and urban runoff . Fed primarily by rainwater and snowmelt ( in winter and spring ) , the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant in Van Nuys ( in summer and fall ) , and urban discharge , it is one of the few low-elevation perennial rivers in Southern California . Some water usually reaches the sea , even in the driest summers ; although there are historical accounts of the river running dry , there has been constant flow of the river every month since recording of stream flow began in 1929 . This is helped by the concrete channel , which limits absorption of water into the earth . Flow , while generally low in volume , can be extremely brisk even in summer .
John Steven McGroarty ( August 20 , 1862 - August 7 , 1944 ) was a poet , Los Angeles Times columnist , and author who also served two terms as a Democratic Congressman from California .
The Old Santa Susana Stage Road , or Santa Susana Wagon Road , is a route taken by early travelers between the San Fernando Valley and Simi Valley near Chatsworth , California , via the Santa Susana Pass . The main route climbs through what is now the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park , with a branch in Chatsworth Park South . It was an important artery linking the Los Angeles Basin and inland Ventura County and as such , was part of the main route for travel by stagecoach between Los Angeles and San Francisco from 1861 until the opening of rail traffic between the cities in 1876 . The Old Santa Susana Stage Road is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Part of the stage road is also a Historic-Cultural Monument of Ventura County and of the City of Los Angeles under the name Old Stagecoach Trail .
The Santa Susana Pass , originally Simi Pass , is a low mountain pass in the Simi Hills of Southern California , connecting the San Fernando Valley and town of Chatsworth , to the city of Simi Valley and eponymous valley . It has been featured in numerous movies , including Shooting High ( 1940 ) , Man 's Genesis ( 1912 ) , Judith of Bethulia ( 1914 ) , Jack and the Beanstalk ( 1917 ) and Range Warfare ( 1935 ) .
Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles , California .
Schinus molle ( Peruvian pepper , also known as American pepper , Peruvian peppertree , escobilla , false pepper , molle del Peru , pepper tree , peppercorn tree , California pepper tree , pirul , Peruvian mastic , Anacahuita and pepperina ) is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters ( 50 feet ) . It is native to the Peruvian Andes . The bright pink fruits of Schinus molle are often sold as pink peppercorns although S. molle is unrelated to true pepper ( Piper nigrum ) . The word molle in Schinus molle comes from mulli , the Quechua word for the tree . The tree is host to the pepper-tree moth , Bombycomorpha bifascia .
Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles , California .
Stoney Point , also known as the Stoney Point Outcroppings or Chatsworth Formation , is a Los Angeles City park near the north end of Topanga Canyon Boulevard ( State Route 27 ) in Chatsworth , Los Angeles , California , part of the city of Los Angeles . Stoney Point is a popular destination for hikers , equestrians and also with rock climbers because of its large boulders , which afford many opportunities to practice the sport of bouldering . The top of the rock formation offers excellent views of Chatsworth , the Santa Susana Mountains , Coyote Pass , and the entire San Fernando Valley . Wildlife including coyotes , rattlesnakes , red tailed hawks , golden eagles , turkey vultures , rabbits , and skunks can all be found at Stoney Point . When visiting the park , dogs should be kept on a leash for their own safety and a watchful eye should be kept for africanized killer bees .
The Minnie Hill Palmer House , also known as The Homestead Acre , is the only remaining homestead cottage in the San Fernando Valley . The cottage is a redwood Stick-Eastlake style American Craftsman-Bungalow located on a 1.3-acre ( 0.53 ha ) site in Chatsworth Park South in the Chatsworth section of Los Angeles , California .
The Mission Revival Style was an architectural movement that began in the late 19th century for a colonial style 's revivalism and reinterpretation , which drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California . It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival , particularly when used elsewhere , such as in New Mexico where historically there were other Spanish missions that were not the same architecturally . The Mission Revival movement enjoyed its greatest popularity between 1890 and 1915 , in numerous residential , commercial , and institutional structures - particularly schools and railroad depots - which used this easily recognizable architectural style .
Francis Lederer ( November 6 , 1899 - May 25 , 2000 ) was an Austrian-born American film and stage actor with a successful career , first in Europe , then in the United States . His original name was František Lederer and in the early years of his career he performed under the stage-name Franz Lederer .