List of Old World monkey species
Extant species -- Subfamily : Colobinae
Table:
Scientific name

Common name

Classified

Male average size

Female average size

Conservation status

References

Semnopithecus schistaceus

Nepal gray langur

1840 Hodgson

least concern

[155][156]

Semnopithecus ajax

Kashmir gray langur

1928 Pocock

endangered

[157][158]

Semnopithecus hector

Tarai gray langur

1928 Pocock

near threatened

[159][160]

Semnopithecus entellus

northern plains gray langur

1797 Dufresne

least concern

[161][162]

Semnopithecus hypoleucos

black-footed gray langur

1841 Blyth

least concern

[163][164]

Semnopithecus dussumieri

southern plains gray langur

1843 I. Geoffroy

least concern

[165][166]

Semnopithecus priam

tufted gray langur

1844 Blyth

near threatened

[167][168]

Trachypithecus vetulus

purple-faced langur

1777 Erxleben

endangered

[169][170]

Trachypithecus johnii

Nilgiri langur

1829 J. Fischer

vulnerable

[171][172]

Trachypithecus auratus

Javan lutung

1812 É. Geoffroy

vulnerable

[173][174]

Trachypithecus cristatus

silvery lutung

1821 Raffles

6.6 kg (15 lb)

5.7 kg (13 lb)

vulnerable

[175][176]

Trachypithecus germaini

Indochinese lutung

1876 Milne-Edwards

endangered

[177][178]

Trachypithecus barbei

Tenasserim lutung

1847 Blyth

data deficient

[179][180]

Trachypithecus obscurus

dusky leaf monkey

1837 Reid

near threatened

[181][182]

Trachypithecus phayrei

Phayre's leaf monkey

1847 Blyth

endangered

[183][184]

Trachypithecus pileatus

capped langur

1843 Blyth

vulnerable

[185][186]

Trachypithecus shortridgei

Shortridge's langur

1915 Wroughton

endangered

[187][188]

Trachypithecus geei

Gee's golden langur

1956 Khajuria

endangered

[189][190]

Trachypithecus francoisi

François' langur

1898 de Pousargues

endangered

[191][192]

Trachypithecus hatinhensis

Hatinh langur

1970 Dao

endangered

[193][194]

By analysing the following table and the context paragraphs listed below.

Answer the following question: What is the common name of the species that was classified by the person who was also given the task to arrange the British birds collections ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Nepal gray langur ( Semnopithecus schistaceus ) is a gray langur endemic to the Himalayas in Nepal , far southwestern Tibet , northern India , northern Pakistan , Bhutan and possibly Afghanistan . It is found in forests at an elevation of 1,500 to 4,000 metres ( 4,900 to 13,100 ft ) . Its easternmost limit in India is Buxa Tiger Reserve in northern West Bengal , at least up to the Rydak river . The Nepal gray langur is both terrestrial and arboreal and eats leaves . At 26.5 kilograms ( 58 lb ) , the heaviest langur ever recorded was a male Nepal gray langur .
Brian Houghton Hodgson ( 1 February 1800 or more likely 1801 - 23 May 1894 ) was a pioneer naturalist and ethnologist working in India and Nepal where he was a British Resident . He described numerous species of birds and mammals from the Himalayas , and several birds were named after him by others such as Edward Blyth . He was a scholar of Newar Buddhism and wrote extensively on a range of topics relating to linguistics and religion . He was an opponent of the British proposal to introduce English as the official medium of instruction in Indian schools .
The Kashmir gray langur ( Semnopithecus ajax ) is an Old World monkey , one of the langur species . It is a leaf-eating monkey . It has been reported from Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in northwestern India but evidence indicates it only occurs in the Chamba Valley in Himachal Pradesh . Because of its restricted range , fragmented population and threats from human agriculture and development activities it is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List . In Pakistan it occurs in Machiara National Park . It was formerly considered a subspecies of Semnopithecus entellus and is one of several Semnopithecus species named after characters from The Iliad , along with Semnopithecus hector and Semnopithecus priam .
Reginald Innes Pocock F.R.S . ( 4 March 1863 - 9 August 1947 ) was a British zoologist . Pocock was born in Clifton , Bristol , the fourth son of Rev . Nicholas Pocock and Edith Prichard . He began showing interest in natural history at St. Edward 's School , Oxford . He received tutoring in zoology from Sir Edward Poulton , and was allowed to explore comparative anatomy at the Oxford Museum . He studied biology and geology at University College , Bristol , under Conwy Lloyd Morgan and William Johnson Sollas . In 1885 , he became an assistant at the Natural History Museum , and worked in the section of entomology for a year . He was put in charge of the collections of Arachnida and Myriapoda . He was also given the task to arrange the British birds collections , in the course of which he developed a lasting interest in ornithology . The 200 papers he published in his 18 years at the museum soon brought him recognition as an authority on Arachnida and Myriapoda ; he described between 300 and 400 species of millipedes alone , and also described the scorpion genus Brachistosternus . In 1904 , he left to become superintendent of the London Zoo , remaining so until his retirement in 1923 .
The Tarai gray langur ( Semnopithecus hector ) is an Old World monkey , and was formerly considered a subspecies of the northern plains gray langur . The species is listed as Near Threatened , as there are probably not many more than 10,000 mature individuals , and it is experiencing a continuing decline . It is one of several Semnopithecus species named after characters from The Iliad , along with Semnopithecus ajax and Semnopithecus priam . [ citation needed ]
The northern plains gray langur ( Semnopithecus entellus ) , also known as the sacred langur , is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae . The southern plains gray langur ( Semnopithecus dussumieri ) was previously classified as a subspecies of S. entellus , i.e. , S. entellus dussumieri . Its range covers a large portion of India south of the Himalayas south to the Tapti River and the Krishna River . It is thought to be introduced to western Bangladesh by Hindu pilgrims on the bank of the Jalangi River . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Louis Dufresne ( 18 January 1752 , Champien , near Peronne - 11 October 1832 ) was a French ornithologist and taxidermist . Louis Dufresne was one of the naturalists on board the Astrolabe , which accompanied by the Boussole , left Brest in August 1785 on a voyage of discovery . The ships went first to Madeira and Tenerife , then to Trinidad and then to the coast of Brazil including Santa Catarina Island ) . Rounding Cape Horn the expedition landed at Concepción and on to the Sandwich Islands and then sailed north along the coast of north-west America to Alaska . In 1786 , the expedition resumed this time visiting Monterey before crossing the Pacific to land in Macao in China . In 1787 the boats returned to France . Six years later in 1793 , Dufresne became a taxidermist and curator at Museum d'Histoire Naturelle . His work included the classification and arrangement of collections of invertebrates as well as vertebrates and he visited many parts of the world on behalf of the Museum . In 1802 he popularized the use of arsenical soap for preserving birds in an article in Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle a technique which had enabled the Muséum to build the greatest collection of birds in the world . Dufresne also maintained a private collection which by 1818 consisted of 1,600 bird specimens ( on wooden supports and with both with Latin and French names ) , 800 world eggs , 4,000 shells , fossils , amphibians , corals and 12,000 insects . This collection purchased for the University of Edinburgh in 1819 . It is now conserved in the Royal Scottish Museum .
The black-footed gray langur ( Semnopithecus hypoleucos ) is an Old World monkey , one of the species of langurs . This , like other gray langurs , is a leaf-eating monkey found in south India .
Edward Blyth ( 23 December 1810 - 27 December 1873 ) was an English zoologist who worked for most of his life in India as a curator of zoology at the museum of the Asiatic Society of India in Calcutta . Blyth was born in London in 1810 . In 1841 he travelled to India to become the curator of the museum of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal . He set about updating the museum 's catalogues , publishing a Catalogue of the Birds of the Asiatic Society in 1849 . He was prevented from doing much fieldwork himself , but received and described bird specimens from A.O . Hume , Samuel Tickell , Robert Swinhoe and others . He remained as curator until 1862 , when ill-health forced his return to England . His Natural History of the Cranes was published posthumously in 1881 . Avian species bearing his name include Blyth 's hornbill , Blyth 's leaf warbler , Blyth 's hawk-eagle , Blyth 's olive bulbul , Blyth 's parakeet , Blyth 's frogmouth , Blyth 's reed warbler , Blyth 's rosefinch , Blyth 's shrike-babbler , Blyth 's tragopan , Blyth 's pipit and Blyth 's kingfisher . Reptilian species and a genus bearing his name include Blythia reticulata , Eumeces blythianus , and Rhinophis blythii .
Southern plains gray langur was the common name ascribed to Semnopithecus dussumieri by Mammal Species of the World ( 3rd edition ) in 2005 . Along with several other Semnopithecus , it had been previously considered a subspecies of the northern plains gray langur , Semnopithecus entellus , i.e. , Semnopithecus entellus dussumieri . Subsequent genetic research has revealed that Semnopithecus dussumieri is an invalid taxon . As a result , the populations of gray langurs that had been considered to be southern plains gray langur is now considered to be populations of northern plains gray langurs S. entellus .
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 16 December 1805 - 10 November 1861 ) was a French zoologist and an authority on deviation from normal structure . In 1854 he coined the term éthologie ( ethology ) .
The tufted gray langur ( Semnopithecus priam ) , also known as Madras gray langur , and Coromandel sacred langur , is an Old World monkey , one of the species of langurs . This , like other gray langurs , is mainly a leaf-eating monkey . It is found in southeast India and Sri Lanka . It is one of three Semnopithecus species named after characters from The Iliad , S. hector and S. ajax being the others . In Sinhala language , it is known as හැලි වදුරා ( Heli wandura ) .
The purple-faced langur ( Semnopithecus vetulus ) , also known as the purple-faced leaf monkey , is a species of Old World monkey that is endemic to Sri Lanka . The animal is a long-tailed arboreal species , identified by a mostly brown appearance , dark face ( with paler lower face ) and a very shy nature . The species was once highly prevalent , found in suburban Colombo and the wet zone villages ( areas with high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year , whilst rain deluges occur during the monsoon seasons ) , but rapid urbanization has led to a significant decrease in the population level of the monkeys . It had traditionally been classified within the lutung genus Trachypithecus but was moved to the genus Semnopithecus based on DNA evidence indicating that is it more closely related to the gray langurs . It is known as ශ්‍රී ලංකා කලු වදුරා ( Sri Lanka black monkey ) in Sinhala .
Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben ( 22 June 1744 - 19 August 1777 ) was a German naturalist from Quedlinburg . Erxleben was professor of physics and veterinary medicine at the University of Göttingen . He wrote Anfangsgründe der Naturlehre ( 1772 ) and Systema regni animalis ( 1777 ) . He was founder of the first and oldest academic veterinary school in Germany , the Institute of Veterinary Medicine , in 1771 . He was the son of Dorothea Christiane Erxleben , the first woman in Germany to earn a medical degree .
The Nilgiri langur ( Semnopithecus johnii ) is a langur ( a type of Old World monkey ) found in the Nilgiri Hills of the Western Ghats in South India . Its range also includes Kodagu in Karnataka , Kodayar Hills in Tamil Nadu , and many other hilly areas in Kerala and Tamil Nadu . This primate has glossy black fur on its body and golden brown fur on its head . It is similar in size and long-tailed like the gray langurs . Females have a white patch of fur on the inner thigh . It typically lives in troops of nine to ten monkeys . Its diet consists of fruits , shoots and leaves . The species is classified as vulnerable due to habitat destruction and poaching for its fur and flesh , the latter believed to have aphrodisiac properties .
Johann Baptist Fischer , born 1803 in Munich ( Germany ) , died 30 May 1832 in Leiden ( the Netherlands ) was a German naturalist , zoologist and botanist , doctor and surgeon .
The Javan lutung ( Trachypithecus auratus ) , also known as the ebony lutung and Javan langur , is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily . It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs , sides , and sideburns . It is found on and endemic to the island of Java , as well as on several of the surrounding Indonesian islands . The Latin word auratus in its scientific name means golden , and refers to a less common color variant . Note that the common name golden langur is used for a different species . Like all langurs , this species ' tail is noticeably long , measuring up to 98 cm in length while the body is only around 55 cm long . The two subspecies of this lutung are fairly similar in appearance and are geographically separated ; males and females are both usually glossy black , although the females pale , yellowish white patch around the pubic area . Juveniles of both subspecies are orange in color . The nominate subspecies Trachypithecus auratus auratus has a rare morph that does not lose its juvenile coloration when it matures , instead the coloration darkens slightly , with yellow tinges on its sides , limbs , and around its ears , and a black tinge on its back . The Javan lutung inhabits the interior and peripheral areas of rainforests . This primate is diurnal and arboreal . Its diet is primarily herbivorous , eating leaves , fruit , flowers , and flower buds , although it also eats insect larvae .
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 15 April 1772 - 19 June 1844 ) was a French naturalist who established the principle of unity of composition . He was a colleague of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and expanded and defended Lamarck 's evolutionary theories . Geoffroy 's scientific views had a transcendental flavor ( unlike Lamarck 's materialistic views ) and were similar to those of German morphologists like Lorenz Oken . He believed in the underlying unity of organismal design , and the possibility of the transmutation of species in time , amassing evidence for his claims through research in comparative anatomy , paleontology , and embryology .
The silvery lutung ( Trachypithecus cristatus ) , also known as the silvered leaf monkey or the silvery langur , is an Old World monkey . It is arboreal , living in coastal , mangrove , and riverine forests in Peninsular Malaysia , Sumatra , and Borneo . It is the type of its species group .
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles , FRS ( 6 July 1781 - 5 July 1826 ) was a British statesman , Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies ( 1811-1816 ) and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen ( 1818-1824 ) , best known for his founding of modern Singapore and the British Malaya . He was heavily involved in the conquest of the Indonesian island of Java from Dutch and French military forces during the Napoleonic Wars and contributed to the expansion of the British Empire . He also wrote The History of Java ( 1817 ) .
The Indochinese lutung ( Trachypithecus germaini ) is a lutung native to Thailand , Burma , Cambodia , Laos and Vietnam . The Old World monkey was previously included in Trachypithecus cristatus and Trachypithecus villosus . Two subspecies are recognized :
Henri Milne-Edwards ( 23 October 1800 - 29 July 1885 ) was an eminent French zoologist .
The Tenasserim lutung ( Trachypithecus barbei ) is a species of lutung . It is found in Myanmar and Thailand . It is named after the Tenasserim Hills .
The dusky leaf monkey , spectacled langur , or spectacled leaf monkey ( Trachypithecus obscurus ) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae . It is found in Malaysia and Thailand
The Phayre 's leaf monkey ( Trachypithecus phayrei ) , also known as Phayre 's langur , is a species of lutung native to Southeast Asia including India , Bangladesh , Myanmar , Thailand , Laos , Vietnam and China . It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by hunting and loss of habitat . The species epithet commemorates Arthur Purves Phayre . It is mostly arboreal and feeds on leaves of many tree species . In Tripura , India , it mainly feeds on leaves of Albizia procera , Albizzia lebbek and A. stipulata , Melocanna bambusoides , Macaranga denticulata , Callicarpa arborea , Dillenia pentagyna , Litsea sp. , Mikania scandens , Gmelina arborea , Artocarpus chaplasha , Syzygium fruticosum , Ficus racemosa , Ficus hispida , Ficus indica , and F. fistulosa . The three accepted subspecies of this lutung are :
The capped langur ( Trachypithecus pileatus ) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae . It is found in Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , and Myanmar . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests . It is threatened by habitat loss . They are arboreal and gregarious by nature . A herd of capped langur consists of 2 to 14 langurs led by a brawny male langur . They are herbivorous , ingesting leaves , twigs , buds and fruits . There are four recognized subspecies of this lutung :
The Shortridge 's langur ( Trachypithecus shortridgei ) is a lutung native to Burma and China .
Robert Charles Wroughton ( 15 August 1849 , in Naseerabad - 15 May 1921 ) was an officer in the Indian Forest Service from 10 December 1871 to 1904 . He was a member of the Bombay Natural History Society ( BNHS ) and was interested in Hymenoptera , particularly ants and then later took an interest in scorpions due to his interaction with Reginald Innes Pocock . His major work was however on the mammals of India and after his retirement in 1904 , became a regular worker at the Natural History Museum in London . He initially took an interest in African mammals and there was little material from India . He persuaded his friends in India to collect specimens and this led to a collaborative mammal survey in 1911 . Interest in small mammals was also raised by work on plague particularly due to the work of Captain Glen Liston who delivered a special address to the members of the BNHS . Collectors for the small mammal survey included C. A. Crump ( Khandesh , Darjeeling ) , Sir Ernest Hotson ( Baluchistan ) , R. Shunkara Narayan Pillay ( Travancore ) , J. M. D. Mackenzie ( Burma ) , Captain Philip Gosse ( Poona , Nilgiris ) , S. H. Prater ( Satara ) , Charles McCann and others and the survey went on until 1923 . It is believed to be the first collaborative biodiversity study in the world . The project accumulated 50,000 specimens over 12 years , especially of the smaller mammals and the information was published in 47 papers . Wroughton was also helped by his brother-in-law T. B. Fry who continued to work after his death in 1921 . Several new species were discovered in the process . Numerous species are named after him including
Gee 's golden langur ( Trachypithecus geei ) , also known as simply the golden langur , is an Old World monkey found in a small region of western Assam , India and in the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan . It is one of the most endangered primate species of India . Long considered sacred by many Himalayan people , the golden langur was first brought to the attention of the western world by the naturalist E. P. Gee in the 1950s . In a part of Bhutan , it has hybridised with the capped langur T. pileatus .
The François ' langur ( Trachypithecus francoisi ) , also known as the Francois ' leaf monkey , Tonkin leaf monkey , or white side-burned black langur is a species of lutung and the type species of its species group . It is one of the least studied of the species belonging to the Colobinae subfamily . The species is distributed from Southwestern China to northeastern Vietnam . The total number of wild individuals is unknown , but fewer than 500 are believed to be left in Vietnam and 1,400-1,650 in China . About 60 langurs are in captivity in North American zoos . The species is named after Auguste François ( 1857-1935 ) , who was the French Consul at Lungchow in southern China .
The Hatinh langur ( Trachypithecus hatinhensis ) is a highly threatened Old World monkey found in limestone forests in Vietnam , primarily in the Quảng Bình Province . A recent survey discovered a small population living in the Quảng Trị Province . Contrary to its name , it is not known from the Hà Tĩnh Province . The local Van Kieu minority refer to this lutung as the 'Con Cung ' , which roughly translates as black , cliff-dwelling monkey with a long tail . It resembles the closely related François ' langur ( T. francoisi ) , but its white cheek-stripes typically extend behind the ears onto the nape ( there are significant individual variations , however ) , and the overall black colour is non-glossy and has a brownish tinge . This diurnal , largely arboreal langur is social and typically seen in groups of 2-15 , but occasionally groups may number as many as 30 individuals . It has often been considered a subspecies of the François ' langur , but was elevated to a full species by Bradon-Jones in 1995 , and this was followed by Groves , 2005 . Both , however , listed it as a subspecies in 2004 , and genetic work suggest it should be considered a subspecies of the Laotian langur ( T. laotum ) . Morphological and genetic data also suggests the Indochinese black langur ( T. ebenus ) is a morph of the Hatinh langur .