List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 4
Ward 4
Table:
Title	Artist	Year	Material	Dimensions	Owner

Fort Stevens Monument and Marker	J. Otto Schweizer	1920	Metal & Stone	Relief : approx . 18 × 24 × 1/2 in . ; Base : approx . 57 × 37 × 41 in	Fort Stevens

Faces Carved on Tree Trunks	Tree Trunk	Sculpture : approx . 8 ft. 3 in . × 5 ft. 7 in . × 7 ft	United States Department of the Interior

Major Walter Reed Memorial	Felix de Weldon	1966	Bronze & Marble	Sculpture : approx . H. 4 ft. ; Base : approx . H. 15 ft. Pylon : approx . H. 25 ft	U.S. Army

Penguin Fountain	1935	Concrete	Fountain : approx . H. 15 ft. W. 12 ft. Diam . 12 ft. ; Basin : approx . H. 6 in . W. 50 ft. D. 3 ft. Diam . 50 ft	U.S. Army

Tigers	Alexander Phimister Proctor	1910	Bronze , Concrete & Stone	4 tigers . Each : approx . H. 4 ft. D. 124 in . ; Base : approx . 4 ft. 6 in . × 4 ft. 6 in . × 12 ft	Department of Public Works

Thompson-Harding Monument	Unknown	1898	Marble & Granite	Sculpture : approx . 156 × 90 × 90 in . ; Base : approx . 90 × 90 × 90 in	Rock Creek Cemetery

Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial	Unknown	Marble & Granite	Rock Creek Cemetery

Force Memorial	Jacques Jouvenal	ca . 1868	Marble	16 ft h	Rock Creek Cemetery

Johnson Memorial	Unknown	Bronze & Granite	Rock Creek Cemetery

Houser Memorial	Unknown	Granite	Rock Creek Cemetery

Lenthall Monument	Unknown	ca . 1809	Sandstone	Rock Creek Cemetery

Edwin B. Hay	Vinnie Ream	1906	Bronze	Sculpture : approx . 2 ft. 5 in . × 1 ft. 9 in . × 1 ft. 3 in	Rock Creek Cemetery

Kauffman Monument	William Ordway Partridge	ca . 1906	Bronze	Rock Creek Cemetery

Goff Memorial	Jules Déchin	1922	Bronze & Granite	Rock Creek Cemetery

Hardon Monument	McMenamin	1893	Marble	Rock Creek Cemetery

Sherwood Mausoleum Door	1928	Bronze	Door : approx . 80 × 40½ × 4 in	Rock Creek Cemetery

Frederick Keep Monument	James Earle Fraser	1920	Bronze , Granite	Sculpture : approx . 8 ft. × 5 in . 3 ft. 5 in . 1 ft. 8 in . ; Base : approx . 10 ft. 5 in . × 8 ft. 11 in . × 5 ft	Rock Creek Cemetery

Hitt Memorial	Laura Gardin Fraser	1931	Bronze , Granite	Overall : approx . 62 × 134 × 28 in . Center plaque : approx . 38 × 15 in . ; Left plaque : approx . 25 × 15 in . ; Right plaque : approx . 25 × 15 in	Rock Creek Cemetery

Rabboni	Gutzon Borglum	1909	Bronze , Granite	Sculpture : approx . 75 × 37 × 37 in . ; Base : approx . 88 × 74 × 16 in	Rock Creek Cemetery

Adams Memorial	Augustus Saint-Gaudens	1891	Bronze , Granite	Sculpture : approx . 5 ft. 10 in . × 3 ft. × 3 ft. 10 in . ; Base : approx . 1 ft. 7 in . × 5 ft. × 3 ft. 10 in	Rock Creek Cemetery

Based on the given table plus the supplementary paragraphs provided.

Respond to the question below: Who did the artist of the piece serving as the Hay family 's gravesite have his most famous work focus on ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Jakob Otto Schweizer ( March 27 , 1863 , Zurich - 1955 ) was a Swiss-American sculptor noted for his work on war memorials .
A metal ( from Greek μέταλλον métallon , mine , quarry , metal ) is a material that , when freshly prepared , polished , or fractured , shows a lustrous appearance , and conducts electricity and heat relatively well . Metals are typically malleable ( they can be hammered into thin sheets ) or ductile ( can be drawn into wires ) . A metal may be a chemical element such as iron ; an alloy such as stainless steel ; or a molecular compound such as polymeric sulfur nitride . In physics , a metal is generally regarded as any substance capable of conducting electricity at a temperature of absolute zero . Many elements and compounds that are not normally classified as metals become metallic under high pressures . For example , the nonmetal iodine gradually becomes a metal at a pressure of between 40 and 170 thousand times atmospheric pressure . Equally , some materials regarded as metals can become nonmetals . Sodium , for example , becomes a nonmetal at pressure of just under two million times atmospheric pressure . In chemistry , two elements that would otherwise qualify ( in physics ) as brittle metals - arsenic and antimony - are commonly instead recognised as metalloids , on account of their predominately non-metallic chemistry . Around 95 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals ( or are likely to be such ) . The number is inexact as the boundaries between metals , nonmetals , and metalloids fluctuate slightly due to a lack of universally accepted definitions of the categories involved . In astrophysics the term metal is cast more widely to refer to all chemical elements in a star that are heavier than the lightest two , hydrogen and helium , and not just traditional metals .
A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter . It is categorized by the minerals included , its chemical composition and the way in which it is formed . Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups : igneous rocks , metamorphic rocks and sedimentary rocks . Rocks form the Earth 's outer solid layer , the crust . Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth 's crust , or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed . The metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such large pressures and temperatures that they are transformed - something that occurs , for example , when continental plates collide . The sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis or lithification of sediments , which in turn are formed by the weathering , transport , and deposition of existing rocks . The scientific study of rocks is called petrology , which is an essential component of geology .
In botany , the trunk ( or bole ) is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree , which is an important feature in tree identification , and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top , depending on the species . The trunk is the most important part of the tree for timber production . Trunks occur both in true woody plants as well as non-woody plants such as palms and other monocots , though the internal physiology is different in each case . In all plants , trunks thicken over time due to formation of secondary growth ( or in monocots , pseudo-secondary growth ) . Trunks can be vulnerable to damage , including sunburn . Trunks which are cut down in logging are generally called logs and if cut to a specific length bolts . The term log is informally used in English to describe any felled trunk not rooted in the ground . A stump is the part of a trunk remaining in the ground after the tree has been felled .
The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI ) is a federal executive department of the U.S. government . It is responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources , and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans , Alaska Natives , Native Hawaiians , territorial affairs , and insular areas of the United States . About 75% of federal public land is managed by the department , with most of the remainder managed by the United States Department of Agriculture 's United States Forest Service . The department is administered by the United States secretary of the interior , who is a member of the Cabinet of the president . The current secretary is David Bernhardt , who previously served in the Department as deputy secretary . The inspector general position is currently held by Mary Kendall , who is serving as acting inspector general . Despite its name , the Department of the Interior has a different role from that of the interior ministries of other nations , which are usually responsible for police matters and internal security . In the United States , national security and immigration functions are performed by the Department of Homeland Security primarily and the Department of Justice secondarily . The Department of the Interior has often been humorously called The Department of Everything Else because of its broad range of responsibilities .
Felix Weihs de Weldon ( April 12 , 1907 - June 3 , 2003 ) was an Austrian-born American sculptor . His most famous pieces include the United States Marine Corps War Memorial ( Iwo Jima Memorial , 1954 ) in Arlington County , Virginia and the Malaysian National Monument ( 1966 ) in Kuala Lumpur .
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper , commonly with about 12-12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals ( such as aluminium , manganese , nickel or zinc ) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic , phosphorus or silicon . These additions produce a range of alloys that may be harder than copper alone , or have other useful properties , such as stiffness , ductility , or machinability . The archeological period in which bronze was the hardest metal in widespread use is known as the Bronze Age . The beginning of the Bronze Age in India and western Eurasia is conventionally dated to the mid-4th millennium BC , and to the early 2nd millennium BC in China ; elsewhere it gradually spread across regions . The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age starting from about 1300 BC and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BC , although bronze continued to be much more widely used than it is in modern times . Because historical pieces were often made of brasses ( copper and zinc ) and bronzes with different compositions , modern museum and scholarly descriptions of older objects increasingly use the generalized term copper alloy instead .
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals , most commonly calcite or dolomite . Marble is typically not foliated , although there are exceptions . In geology , the term marble refers to metamorphosed limestone , but its use in stonemasonry more broadly encompasses unmetamorphosed limestone . Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material .
The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States .
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement ( cement paste ) that hardens ( cures ) over time . In the past limebased cement binders were often used , such as lime putty , but sometimes with other hydraulic cements , such as a calcium aluminate cement or with Portland cement to form Portland cement concrete ( for its visual resemblance to Portland stone ) . Many other non-cementitious types of concrete exist with different methods of binding aggregate together , including asphalt concrete with a bitumen binder , which is frequently used for road surfaces , and polymer concretes that use polymers as a binder . When aggregate is mixed with dry Portland cement and water , the mixture forms a fluid slurry that is easily poured and molded into shape . The cement reacts with the water and other ingredients to form a hard matrix that binds the materials together into a durable stone-like material that has many uses . Often , additives ( such as pozzolans or superplasticizers ) are included in the mixture to improve the physical properties of the wet mix or the finished material . Most concrete is poured with reinforcing materials ( such as rebar ) embedded to provide tensile strength , yielding reinforced concrete . Because concrete cures ( which is not the same as drying such as with paint ) how concrete is handled after it is poured is just as important as before . Concrete is one of the most frequently used building materials . Its usage worldwide , ton for ton , is twice that of steel , wood , plastics , and aluminum combined . Globally , the ready-mix concrete industry , the largest segment of the concrete market , is projected to exceed $ 600 billion in revenue by 2025 . Concrete is distinct from mortar .
Alexander Phimister Proctor ( September 27 , 1860 or 1862 - September 5 , 1950 ) was an American sculptor with the contemporary reputation as one of the nation 's foremost animaliers .
Thompson-Harding Monument is a public artwork by an unknown artist , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . The monument was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Save Outdoor Sculpture ! survey in 1993 .
Granite ( /ˈɡrænɪt/ ) is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture . Granites can be predominantly white , pink , or gray in color , depending on their mineralogy . The word granite comes from the Latin granum , a grain , in reference to the coarse-grained structure of such a holocrystalline rock . Strictly speaking , granite is an igneous rock with between 20% and 60% quartz by volume , and at least 35% of the total feldspar consisting of alkali feldspar , although commonly the term granite is used to refer to a wider range of coarse-grained igneous rocks containing quartz and feldspar . The term granitic means granite-like and is applied to granite and a group of intrusive igneous rocks with similar textures and slight variations in composition and origin . These rocks mainly consist of feldspar , quartz , mica , and amphibole minerals , which form an interlocking , somewhat equigranular matrix of feldspar and quartz with scattered darker biotite mica and amphibole ( often hornblende ) peppering the lighter color minerals . Occasionally some individual crystals ( phenocrysts ) are larger than the groundmass , in which case the texture is known as porphyritic . A granitic rock with a porphyritic texture is known as a granite porphyry . Granitoid is a general , descriptive field term for lighter-colored , coarse-grained igneous rocks . Petrographic examination is required for identification of specific types of granitoids . The extrusive igneous rock equivalent of granite is rhyolite .
Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial is a public artwork by Lee Lawrie , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture survey in 1967-1969 .
Peter Force ( November 26 , 1790 - January 23 , 1868 ) was an American politician , newspaper editor , archivist , and historian . He was the twelfth Mayor of Washington D.C .
Jacques Jouvenal ( March 8 , 1829 - March 8 , 1905 ) was a German American sculptor . He assisted in the carving of the columns for the United States Capitol , and sculpted many busts of noted Americans .
Johnson Memorial is a public artwork from the foundry of Jno . Williams , Inc. , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Johnson Memorial was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Inventory of American Painting and Sculpture in 1976-1969 . The monument serves as the grave site for the Johnson family , including well-known psychiatrist Loren Bascom Taber Johnson .
Houser Memorial is a public artwork by an unknown artist , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Houser Memorial was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture . The monument is the grave of Helen L. Houser and her daughter Anna Victoria Houser
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized ( 0.0625 to 2 mm ) mineral particles or rock fragments . Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar ( both silicates ) because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth 's surface , as seen in the Goldich dissolution series . Like uncemented sand , sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals , but the most common colors are tan , brown , yellow , red , grey , pink , white , and black . Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features , certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions . Rock formations that are primarily composed of sandstone usually allow the percolation of water and other fluids and are porous enough to store large quantities , making them valuable aquifers and petroleum reservoirs . Fine-grained aquifers , such as sandstones , are better able to filter out pollutants from the surface than are rocks with cracks and crevices , such as limestone or other rocks fractured by seismic activity . Quartz-bearing sandstone can be changed into quartzite through metamorphism , usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts .
Edwin B. Hay is a public artwork by American artist Vinnie Ream , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Edwin B. Hay was surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Save Outdoor Sculpture ! program in 1993 . It serves as the gravesite for the Hay family .
Lavinia Ellen Vinnie Ream Hoxie ( September 25 , 1847 - November 20 , 1914 ) was an American sculptor . Her most famous work is the statue of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in the U.S. Capitol rotunda .
William Ordway Partridge ( April 11 , 1861 - May 22 , 1930 ) was an American sculptor whose public commissions can be found in New York City and other locations .
Goff Memorial is a public artwork by French artist Jules Déchin , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Goff Memorial was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture . This memorial serves as the burial site of Thomas Trueman Goff .
McMenamin is an Irish surname . In ancient Gaelic it was shorter , Meanma , a word meaning courageous or high spirited . It originated in Co. Donegal in the 13th century and the Meanmas were a warrior branch of the O'Donnells of Tyrconnell ( Donegal ) , who were the chieftains of Fanad a large territory in Donegal . Notable people with the surname include :
Frederick Keep Monument is a public artwork by American artist James Earle Fraser , located at Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Frederick Keep Monument was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian 's Save Outdoor Sculpture ! survey in 1993 . This sculpture rests at the site of the grave of Frederick and Florence Keep and their child .
James Earle Fraser ( November 4 , 1876 - October 11 , 1953 ) was an American sculptor during the first half of the 20th century . His work is integral to many of Washington , D.C. 's most iconic structures .
Laura Gardin Fraser ( September 14 , 1889 in Chicago , Illinois - August 13 , 1966 in Norwalk , Connecticut ) was an American sculptor and the wife of sculptor James Earle Fraser . Laura Gardin studied under Fraser at the Art Students League of New York from 1910 to 1912 . Alone or with her husband she designed a number of U.S. coins , notably the 1921 Alabama Centennial half dollar , the 1922 Grant Memorial half dollar , the 1925 Fort Vancouver Centennial half dollar , and the 1926 Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar . In 1931 she was the winner of the competition to design a new quarter with George Washington on the obverse . Her winning design was ignored by the then-Treasury Secretary , Andrew Mellon , who selected a design by John Flanagan . Fraser 's design was coined as a commemorative five-dollar gold piece in 1999 . In 1924 , she was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member , and became a full Academician in 1931 . Laura Gardin Fraser is buried next to her husband in Willowbrook Cemetery in Westport , Connecticut .
Rabboni is a public artwork by American artist Gutzon Borglum , located Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington , D.C. , United States . Rabboni was surveyed as part of the Smithsonian Save Outdoor Sculpture ! survey in 1993 . It is a tribute to Charles Matthews Ffoulke , prominent Washington banker and tapestry collector .
John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum ( March 25 , 1867 - March 6 , 1941 ) was an American artist and sculptor . He is most associated with his creation of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in Keystone , South Dakota . He was associated with other public works of art , including a bust of Abraham Lincoln exhibited in the White House by Theodore Roosevelt and now held in the United States Capitol Crypt in Washington , D.C .
The Adams Memorial is a grave marker located in Section E of Rock Creek Cemetery , Washington , D.C. , featuring a cast bronze allegorical sculpture by Augustus Saint-Gaudens . The shrouded figure is seated against a granite block which forms one side of a hexagonal plot , designed by architect Stanford White . Across a small light-toned granite plaza , a comfortable stone bench invites visitors to rest and meditate . The whole is sheltered by a close screen of dense conifers , more dense and uniform in 2015 than in the photograph to the right .
Augustus Saint-Gaudens ( /ˌseɪntˈɡɔːdənz/ ; March 1 , 1848 - August 3 , 1907 ) was an American sculptor of the Beaux-Arts generation who embodied the ideals of the American Renaissance . Raised in New York City , he traveled to Europe for further training and artistic study . After he returned to New York , he achieved major critical success for his monuments commemorating heroes of the American Civil War , many of which still stand . Saint-Gaudens created works such as the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial on Boston Common and grand equestrian monuments to Civil War generals : General John Logan Memorial in Chicago 's Grant Park and William Tecumseh Sherman at the corner of New York 's Central Park . Saint-Gaudens also created Classical works such as the Diana . He also used his design skills in numismatics . Most notably , he designed the $ 20 Saint Gaudens Double Eagle gold piece ( 1905-1907 ) for the US Mint , considered one of the most beautiful American coins ever issued , as well as the $ 10 Indian Head gold eagle ; both of these were minted from 1907 until 1933 . In his later years he founded the Cornish Colony , an artistic colony that included notable painters , sculptors , writers , and architects . His brother Louis Saint-Gaudens , with whom he occasionally collaborated , was also a well-known sculptor .