List of United States Military Academy alumni
Table:
Name

Class year

Notability

References

Frank Borman

1950

Commanded Gemini 7 and Apollo 8, first to orbit moon and to see far side of the Moon

[24][25]

Buzz Aldrin

1951

Pilot of Gemini 12 and Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11; 2nd person to walk on the moon

[26][27]

Michael Collins

1952

Member of Gemini 10 crew and member of the Apollo 11 crew

[28]

Ed White

1952

Pilot of Gemini 4, died in the Apollo 1 fire; first American to perform a spacewalk

[27][29]

David Scott

1954

Pilot of Gemini 8, Command Module Pilot of Apollo 9, and Commander of Apollo 15, walked on the moon.

[27][30]

Richard Mullane

1967

Mission Specialist on STS-41-D, STS-27, and STS-36

[27][31]

William S. McArthur

1973

Mission Specialist on STS-58, STS-74, and STS-92; Commanded International Space Station Expedition 12

[27][32]

Jeffrey N. Williams

1980

Mission Specialist on STS-101; Flight Engineer of ISS Expeditions 13 and 21, Commander of Expedition 22

Shane Kimbrough

1989

Mission Specialist with Space Shuttle. Latest astronaut from West Point. Former pilot of Apache helicopters.

[27][33]

Anne McClain

2002

One of two most recent astronauts selected from West Point. Former pilot of OH-58 Kiowa helicopters.

[27][34]

Andrew Morgan

1998

One of two most recent astronauts selected from West Point. Medical doctor.

[27][35]

Considering the tabular data plus the supporting evidence provided.

Solve the question: What is the full name of the person that was in the class of 1967 ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

Frank Frederick Borman II ( born March 14 , 1928 ) is a retired United States Air Force ( USAF ) colonel , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , businessman , rancher , and NASA astronaut . He was the commander of Apollo 8 , the first mission to fly around the Moon , and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and Bill Anders , became the first of 24 humans to do so , for which he was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor . As of 2020 [ update ] , he is the oldest living former American astronaut , eleven days older than Lovell . Four days before he graduated with the West Point class of 1950 , in which he was ranked eighth out of 670 , Borman was commissioned in the USAF . He qualified as a fighter pilot and served in the Philippines . He earned a Master of Science degree at the California Institute of Technology in 1957 , and then became an assistant professor of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics at West Point . In 1960 , he was selected for Class 60-C at the USAF Experimental Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in California and qualified as a test pilot . On graduation , he was accepted as one of five students in the first class at the Aerospace Research Pilot School . Borman was selected as a NASA astronaut with the second group , known as the Next Nine , in 1962 . In 1966 , he set a fourteen-day spaceflight endurance record as commander of Gemini 7 . He served on the NASA review board which investigated the Apollo 1 fire , and then flew to the Moon with Apollo 8 in December 1968 . The mission is known for the Earthrise photograph taken by Anders of the Earth rising above the lunar horizon as the Command/Service Module orbited the Moon , and for the reading from Genesis , which was televised to Earth from lunar orbit on Christmas Eve .
Gemini 7 ( officially Gemini VII ) was a 1965 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the fourth crewed Gemini flight , the twelfth crewed American flight and the twentieth crewed spaceflight including Soviet flights and X-15 flights above the Kármán line . The crew of Frank Borman and Jim Lovell spent nearly 14 days in space , making a total of 206 orbits . Their spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A .
Apollo 8 was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first to reach the Moon , orbit it , and return . Its three-astronaut crew - Frank Borman , James Lovell , and William Anders - were the first humans to fly to the Moon , to witness and photograph an Earthrise , and to escape the gravity of a celestial body . Apollo 8 launched on December 21 , 1968 , and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program after Apollo 7 , which stayed in Earth orbit . Apollo 8 was the third flight and the first crewed launch of the Saturn V rocket , and was the first human spaceflight from the Kennedy Space Center , located adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida . Originally planned as the second crewed Apollo Lunar Module and command module test , to be flown in an elliptical medium Earth orbit in early 1969 , the mission profile was changed in August 1968 to a more ambitious command-module-only lunar orbital flight to be flown in December , as the lunar module was not yet ready to make its first flight . Astronaut Jim McDivitt 's crew , who were training to fly the first lunar module flight in low Earth orbit , became the crew for the Apollo 9 mission , and Borman 's crew were moved to the Apollo 8 mission . This left Borman 's crew with two to three months ' less training and preparation time than originally planned , and replaced the planned lunar module training with translunar navigation training . Apollo 8 took 68 hours ( almost three days ) to travel the distance to the Moon . The crew orbited the Moon ten times over the course of twenty hours , during which they made a Christmas Eve television broadcast in which they read the first ten verses from the Book of Genesis . At the time , the broadcast was the most watched TV program ever . Apollo 8 's successful mission paved the way for Apollo 11 to fulfill U.S. president John F. Kennedy 's goal of landing a man on the Moon before the end of the 1960s . The Apollo 8 astronauts returned to Earth on December 27 , 1968 , when their spacecraft splashed down in the northern Pacific Ocean .
The far side of the Moon is the hemisphere of the Moon that always faces away from Earth . The far side 's terrain is rugged with a multitude of impact craters and relatively few flat lunar maria compared to the near side . It has one of the largest craters in the Solar System , the South Pole-Aitken basin . Both sides of the Moon experience two weeks of sunlight followed by two weeks of night ; even so , the far side is sometimes called the dark side of the Moon , where dark is used to mean unseen rather than lacking sunlight . About 18 percent of the far side is occasionally visible from Earth due to libration . The remaining 82 percent remained unobserved until 1959 , when it was photographed by the Soviet Luna 3 space probe . The Soviet Academy of Sciences published the first atlas of the far side in 1960 . The Apollo 8 astronauts were the first humans to see the far side with the naked eye when they orbited the Moon in 1968 . All manned and unmanned soft landings had taken place on the near side of the Moon , until 3 January 2019 when the Chang ' e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side . Astronomers have suggested installing a large radio telescope on the far side , where the Moon would shield it from possible radio interference from Earth .
Buzz Aldrin ( /ˈɔːldrɪn/ ; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr. ; January 20 , 1930 ) is an American engineer , former astronaut and fighter pilot . Aldrin made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission , and as the lunar module pilot on the 1969 Apollo 11 mission , he and mission commander Neil Armstrong were the first two humans to land on the Moon . Born in Glen Ridge , New Jersey , Aldrin graduated third in the class of 1951 from the United States Military Academy at West Point , with a degree in mechanical engineering . He was commissioned into the United States Air Force , and served as a jet fighter pilot during the Korean War . He flew 66 combat missions and shot down two MiG-15 aircraft . After earning a Sc.D . degree in astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Aldrin was selected as a member of NASA 's Astronaut Group 3 , making him the first astronaut with a doctoral degree . His doctoral thesis was Line-of-Sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous , earning him the nickname Dr. Rendezvous from fellow astronauts . His first space flight was in 1966 on Gemini 12 during which he spent over five hours on extravehicular activity . Three years later , Aldrin set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21 , 1969 ( UTC ) , nineteen minutes after Armstrong first touched the surface , while command module pilot Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit . A Presbyterian elder , Aldrin became the first person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon when he privately took communion . Upon leaving NASA in 1971 , Aldrin became Commandant of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School .
Gemini 12 ( officially Gemini XII ) was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Project Gemini . It was the 10th and final crewed Gemini flight , the 18th crewed American spaceflight , and the 26th spaceflight of all time , including X-15 flights over 100 kilometers ( 54 nmi ) . Commanded by Gemini VII veteran James A. Lovell , the flight featured three periods of extravehicular activity ( EVA ) by rookie Edwin Buzz Aldrin , lasting a total of 5 hours and 30 minutes . It also achieved the fifth rendezvous and fourth docking with an Agena target vehicle . Gemini XII marked a successful conclusion of the Gemini program , achieving the last of its goals by successfully demonstrating that astronauts can effectively work outside of spacecraft . This was instrumental in paving the way for the Apollo program to achieve its goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s .
Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon . Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin formed the American crew that landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20 , 1969 , at 20:17 UTC . Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours and 39 minutes later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC ; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later . They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft , and they collected 47.5 pounds ( 21.5 kg ) of lunar material to bring back to Earth . Command module pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module Columbia alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon 's surface . Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours , 36 minutes on the lunar surface at a site they named Tranquility Base before lifting off to rejoin Columbia in lunar orbit . Apollo 11 was launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island , Florida , on July 16 at 13:32 UTC , and it was the fifth crewed mission of NASA 's Apollo program . The Apollo spacecraft had three parts : a command module ( CM ) with a cabin for the three astronauts , the only part that returned to Earth ; a service module ( SM ) , which supported the command module with propulsion , electrical power , oxygen , and water ; and a lunar module ( LM ) that had two stages - a descent stage for landing on the Moon and an ascent stage to place the astronauts back into lunar orbit . After being sent to the Moon by the Saturn V 's third stage , the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered lunar orbit . Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into Eagle and landed in the Sea of Tranquility on July 20 . The astronauts used Eagle 's ascent stage to lift off from the lunar surface and rejoin Collins in the command module . They jettisoned Eagle before they performed the maneuvers that propelled Columbia out of the last of its 30 lunar orbits onto a trajectory back to Earth .
Michael Collins ( born October 31 , 1930 ) is an American former astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around the Moon while his crewmates , Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin , made the first crewed landing on the surface . He was a test pilot and major general in the US Air Force Reserves . Selected as part of NASA 's third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963 , Collins flew in space twice . His first spaceflight was on Gemini 10 in 1966 , in which he and Command Pilot John Young performed orbital rendezvous with two different spacecraft and undertook two extravehicular activities ( EVAs , also known as spacewalks ) . On the 1969 Apollo 11 mission he became one of 24 people to fly to the Moon , which he orbited thirty times . He was the fourth person ( and third American ) to perform a spacewalk , the first person to have performed more than one spacewalk , and , after Young , who flew the command module on Apollo 10 , the second person to orbit the Moon alone . Prior to becoming an astronaut , Collins graduated from the United States Military Academy with the class of 1952 . He joined the United States Air Force , and flew F-86 Sabre fighters at Chambley-Bussières Air Base , France . He was accepted into the U.S. Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960 . After retiring from NASA in 1970 , Collins took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs . A year later , he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum , and held this position until 1978 , when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution . In 1980 , he took a job as vice president of LTV Aerospace .
Gemini 10 ( officially Gemini X ) was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program . It was the 8th crewed Gemini flight , the 16th crewed American flight , and the 24th spaceflight of all time ( includes X-15 flights over 100 kilometers ( 54 nautical miles ) ) .
Edward Higgins White II ( November 14 , 1930 - January 27 , 1967 ) ( Lt Col , USAF ) was an American aeronautical engineer , U.S. Air Force officer , test pilot , and NASA astronaut . After graduating from West Point in 1952 with a Bachelor of Science degree , White was assigned to the 22nd Fighter Day Squadron at Bitburg Air Base , West Germany . There , he flew in F-86 Sabre and F-100 Super Sabre squadrons . In 1958 , he enrolled in the University of Michigan to study aeronautical engineering . White then received test pilot training at Edwards Air Force Base , California , before being assigned as a test pilot for the Aeronautical Systems Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio . White was selected as one of the second group of astronauts . He was assigned as pilot of Gemini 4 alongside command pilot James McDivitt . On June 3 , 1965 , White became the first American to walk in space . He was then assigned as senior pilot of the first crewed Apollo mission , Apollo 1 . White died on January 27 , 1967 , alongside astronauts Virgil Gus Grissom and Roger B. Chaffee in a fire during prelaunch testing for Apollo 1 at Cape Canaveral . He was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal for his flight in Gemini 4 and was then awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor posthumously .
Gemini 4 ( officially Gemini IV ) was the second crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Project Gemini , occurring in June 1965 . It was the tenth crewed American spaceflight ( including two X-15 flights at altitudes exceeding 100 kilometers ( 54 nmi ) ) . Astronauts James McDivitt and Ed White circled the Earth 66 times in four days , making it the first US flight to approach the five-day flight of the Soviet Vostok 5 . The highlight of the mission was the first space walk by an American , during which White floated free outside the spacecraft , tethered to it , for approximately 20 minutes . Both of these accomplishments helped the United States overcome the Soviet Union 's early lead in the Space Race . The flight also included the first attempt to make a space rendezvous as McDivitt attempted to maneuver his craft close to the Titan II upper stage which launched it into orbit , but this was not successful . The flight was the first American flight to perform many scientific experiments in space , including use of a sextant to investigate the use of celestial navigation for lunar flight in the Apollo program .
Apollo 1 , initially designated AS-204 , was the first crewed mission of the United States Apollo program , the undertaking to land the first men on the Moon . Planned as the first low Earth orbital test of the Apollo command and service module , to launch on February 21 , 1967 , the mission never flew ; a cabin fire during a launch rehearsal test at Cape Kennedy Air Force Station Launch Complex 34 on January 27 killed all three crew members - Command Pilot Virgil I. Gus Grissom , Senior Pilot Ed White , and Pilot Roger B. Chaffee - and destroyed the command module ( CM ) . The name Apollo 1 , chosen by the crew , was made official by NASA in their honor after the fire . Immediately after the fire , NASA convened the Apollo 204 Accident Review Board to determine the cause of the fire , and both houses of the United States Congress conducted their own committee inquiries to oversee NASA 's investigation . The ignition source of the fire was determined to be electrical , and the fire spread rapidly due to combustible nylon material , and the high pressure , pure oxygen cabin atmosphere . Rescue was prevented by the plug door hatch , which could not be opened against the internal pressure of the cabin . Because the rocket was unfueled , the test had not been considered hazardous , and emergency preparedness for it was poor . During the Congressional investigation , Senator Walter Mondale publicly revealed a NASA internal document citing problems with prime Apollo contractor North American Aviation , which became known as the Phillips Report . This disclosure embarrassed NASA Administrator James E. Webb , who was unaware of the document 's existence , and attracted controversy to the Apollo program . Despite congressional displeasure at NASA 's lack of openness , both congressional committees ruled that the issues raised in the report had no bearing on the accident . Manned Apollo flights were suspended for 20 months while the command module 's hazards were addressed . However , the development and uncrewed testing of the lunar module ( LM ) and Saturn V rocket continued .
Extravehicular activity ( EVA ) is any activity done by an astronaut or cosmonaut outside a spacecraft beyond the Earth 's appreciable atmosphere . The term most commonly applies to a spacewalk made outside a craft orbiting Earth ( such as the International Space Station ) . On March 18 , 1965 , Alexei Leonov became the first human to perform a spacewalk , exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for 12 minutes and 9 seconds . The term also applied to lunar surface exploration ( commonly known as moonwalks ) performed by six pairs of American astronauts in the Apollo program from 1969 to 1972 . On July 21 , 1969 , Neil Armstrong became the first human to perform a moonwalk , outside his lunar lander on Apollo 11 for 2 hours and 31 minutes . On the last three Moon missions astronauts also performed deep-space EVAs on the return to Earth , to retrieve film canisters from the outside of the spacecraft . Astronauts Pete Conrad , Joseph Kerwin , and Paul Weitz also used EVA in 1973 to repair launch damage to Skylab , the United States ' first space station . A Stand-up EVA ( SEVA ) is when an astronaut does not fully leave a spacecraft , but is completely reliant on the spacesuit for environmental support . Its name derives from the astronaut standing up in the open hatch , usually to record or assist a spacewalking astronaut . EVAs may be either tethered ( the astronaut is connected to the spacecraft ; oxygen and electrical power can be supplied through an umbilical cable ; no propulsion is needed to return to the spacecraft ) , or untethered . Untethered spacewalks were only performed on three missions in 1984 using the Manned Maneuvering Unit ( MMU ) , and on a flight test in 1994 of the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue ( SAFER ) , a safety device worn on tethered U.S. EVAs . The Soviet Union/Russia , the United States , and China have conducted EVAs .
David Randolph Scott ( born June 6 , 1932 ) ( Col , USAF , Ret . ) is a retired test pilot and NASA astronaut who was the seventh person to walk on the Moon . The commander of Apollo 15 , Scott was selected as an astronaut as part of the third group in 1963 . Scott flew three times in space , and is the only living commander of an Apollo mission that landed on the Moon and one of four surviving Moon walkers . Before becoming an astronaut , Scott graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and joined the Air Force . After serving as a fighter pilot in Europe , he graduated from the Air Force Experimental Test Pilot School and the Aerospace Research Pilot School . Scott retired from the Air Force in 1975 with the rank of colonel , and more than 5,600 hours of logged flying time . As an astronaut , Scott made his first flight into space as pilot of the Gemini 8 mission , along with Neil Armstrong , in March 1966 , spending just under eleven hours in low Earth orbit . Scott then spent ten days in orbit in March 1969 as Command Module Pilot of Apollo 9 , a mission that extensively tested the Apollo spacecraft , along with Commander James McDivitt and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart . After backing up Apollo 12 , Scott made his third and final flight into space as commander of the Apollo 15 mission , the fourth crewed lunar landing and the first J mission . Scott and James Irwin remained on the Moon for three days . Following their return to Earth , Scott and his crewmates fell from favor with NASA after it was disclosed they had carried 400 unauthorized postal covers to the Moon .
Gemini 8 ( officially Gemini VIII ) was the sixth crewed spaceflight in NASA 's Gemini program , launched March 16 , 1966 . It was the twelfth crewed American flight and the twenty-second crewed spaceflight of all time [ including two X-15 flights higher than the Kármán Line at 100 kilometers ( 54 nautical miles ; 62 miles ; 328,084 feet ) ] . The mission conducted the first docking of two spacecraft in orbit , but suffered the first critical in-space system failure of a U.S. spacecraft which threatened the lives of the astronauts and required an immediate abort of the mission . The crew was returned to Earth safely . Command pilot Neil Armstrong 's flight marked the second time a U.S. civilian flew into space ( Joe Walker became the first on X-15 Flight 90 ) , and the first time a U.S. civilian flew into orbit . Armstrong had resigned his commission in the United States Naval Reserve in 1960 . The Soviet Union had launched the first civilian , Valentina Tereshkova ( also the first woman ) , aboard Vostok 6 on June 16 , 1963 .
Apollo 9 was a March 1969 human spaceflight , the third in NASA 's Apollo program . Flown in low Earth orbit , it was the second crewed Apollo mission that the United States launched via a Saturn V rocket , and was the first flight of the full Apollo spacecraft : the command and service module ( CSM ) with the Lunar Module ( LM ) . The mission was flown to qualify the LM for lunar orbit operations in preparation for the first Moon landing by demonstrating its descent and ascent propulsion systems , showing that its crew could fly it independently , then rendezvous and dock with the CSM again , as would be required for the first crewed lunar landing . Other objectives of the flight included firing the LM descent engine to propel the spacecraft stack as a backup mode ( as would be required on the Apollo 13 mission ) , and use of the Portable Life Support System backpack outside of the LM cabin . The three-person crew consisted of Commander James McDivitt , Command Module Pilot David Scott , and Lunar Module Pilot Rusty Schweickart . During the ten-day mission , they tested systems and procedures critical to landing on the Moon , including the LM engines , backpack life support systems , navigation systems and docking maneuvers . After launching on March 3 , 1969 , the crew performed the first crewed flight of a lunar module , the first docking and extraction of the same , one two-person spacewalk ( EVA ) , and the second docking of two crewed spacecraft - two months after the Soviets performed a spacewalk crew transfer between Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 . The mission concluded on March 13 and was a complete success . It proved the LM worthy of crewed spaceflight , setting the stage for the dress rehearsal for the lunar landing , Apollo 10 , before the ultimate goal , landing on the Moon .
Apollo 15 was the ninth crewed mission in the United States ' Apollo program , and the fourth to land on the Moon . It was the first J mission , with a longer stay on the Moon and a greater focus on science than earlier landings . Apollo 15 saw the first use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle . The mission began on July 26 , 1971 , and ended on August 7 , the lunar surface exploration taking place between July 30 and August 2 . Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin landed near Hadley Rille and explored the local area using the rover , allowing them to travel further from the lunar module than had been possible on previous missions . They spent 18​1⁄2 hours on the Moon 's surface on extravehicular activity ( EVA ) , and collected 170 pounds ( 77 kg ) of surface material . At the same time , Command Module Pilot Alfred Worden orbited the Moon , operating the sensors in the SIM bay of the service module . This suite of instruments collected data on the Moon and its environment using a panoramic camera , a gamma-ray spectrometer , a mapping camera , a laser altimeter , a mass spectrometer , and a lunar subsatellite deployed at the end of the moonwalks . The lunar module returned safely to the command module and , at the end of Apollo 15 's 74th lunar orbit the engine was fired for the journey home . During the return trip Worden performed the first spacewalk in deep space . The Apollo 15 mission splashed down safely on August 7 despite the loss of one of its three parachutes . The mission accomplished its goals but was marred by negative publicity the following year when it emerged that the crew had carried unauthorized postal covers to the lunar surface , some of which were sold by a West German stamp dealer .
Richard Michael Mike Mullane ( born September 10 , 1945 ; Col , USAF , Ret . ) is an engineer and aircraft pilot , a retired USAF officer . and a former NASA astronaut . During his career , he flew as a mission specialist on STS-41-D , STS-27 , and STS-36 .
STS-41-D was the 12th flight of NASA 's Space Shuttle program , and the first mission of Space Shuttle Discovery . It was launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 30 August 1984 , and landed at Edwards Air Force Base , California , on 5 September . Three commercial communications satellites were deployed into orbit during the six-day mission , and a number of scientific experiments were conducted . The mission was delayed by more than two months from its original planned launch date , having experienced the Space Shuttle program 's first launch abort at T-6 seconds on 26 June 1984 .
STS-27 was the 27th NASA Space Shuttle mission , and the third flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis . Launching on 2 December 1988 on a four-day mission , it was the second shuttle flight after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster of January 1986 . STS-27 carried a classified payload for the U.S. Department of Defense , ultimately determined to be a Lacrosse surveillance satellite . The vessel 's heat shielding was substantially damaged during lift-off , impacting the right wing , and crew members thought that they would die during reentry . This was a situation that was similar to the one that would prove fatal 15 years later on STS-107 , but compared to the damage that Columbia had sustained on STS-107 , despite Atlantis experiencing more extensive damage than Columbia had sustained , the damage was over less critical areas and the missing tile was over an antenna which gave extra protection to the wing . The mission landed successfully , although intense heat damage needed to be repaired .
STS-36 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission , during which Space Shuttle Atlantis carried a classified payload for the U.S. Department of Defense ( believed to have been a Misty reconnaissance satellite ) into orbit . STS-36 was the 34th shuttle mission overall , the sixth flight for Atlantis , and the fourth night launch of the shuttle program . It launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 28 February 1990 , and landed on 4 March .
William Surles McArthur Jr. ( born July 26 , 1951 ) is a retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one expedition to the International Space Station via the Russian Soyuz capsule .
STS-58 was a mission flown by Space Shuttle Columbia launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , on 18 October 1993 . The missions was primarily devoted to experiments concerning the physiological effects of spaceflight . This was the first in-flight use of the Portable In-flight Landing Operations Trainer simulation software . It was also the last time Columbia would land at Edwards Air Force Base .
STS-74 was the fourth mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program , and the second docking of the Space Shuttle with Mir . Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off from Kennedy Space Center launch pad 39A on 12 November 1995 . The mission ended 8 days later with the landing of Atlantis back at Kennedy . It was the second in a series of seven straight missions to the station flown by Atlantis . The shuttle delivered a pair of solar arrays along with the Russian-built Mir Docking Module to allow docking with the station by the space shuttle without moving Mir 's Kristall module . During the three-day docking , the Russian , Canadian , and American crew transferred supplies and equipment between Atlantis and Mir , moved several long-term experiments , and upgraded the station with new equipment , particularly during the installation of the docking module .
STS-92 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery . STS-92 marked the 100th mission of the Space Shuttle . It was launched from Kennedy Space Center , Florida , 11 October 2000 .
The International Space Station ( ISS ) is a space station ( habitable artificial satellite ) in low Earth orbit . The ISS programme is a joint project between five participating space agencies : NASA ( United States ) , Roscosmos ( Russia ) , JAXA ( Japan ) , ESA ( Europe ) , and CSA ( Canada ) . The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements . The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology , human biology , physics , astronomy , meteorology , and other fields . The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars . The ISS maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres ( 250 mi ) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft . It circles the Earth in roughly 92 minutes and completes 15.5 orbits per day . The station is divided into two sections , the Russian Orbital Segment ( ROS ) , which is operated by Russia , and the United States Orbital Segment ( USOS ) , which is shared by many nations . Roscosmos has endorsed the continued operation of ISS through 2024 , but had previously proposed using elements of the Russian segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK . As of December 2018 [ update ] , the station is expected to operate until 2030 . The first ISS component was launched in 1998 , with the first long-term residents arriving on 2 November 2000 . Since then , the station has been continuously occupied for 19 years and 109 days .
Expedition 12 ( 2005 ) was the 12th expedition to the International Space Station , launched from Kazakhstan using the Russian Soyuz TMA-7 spacecraft . The crew landed back in Kazakhstan on 8 April 2006 with the addition of the first Brazilian astronaut , Marcos Pontes . American entrepreneur Gregory Olsen was launched in the Soyuz TMA-7 spacecraft and returned with Expedition 11 on Soyuz TMA-6 on 11 October 2005 thereby becoming the third space tourist .
Jeffrey Nels Williams ( born January 18 , 1958 ) is a retired United States Army officer and a NASA astronaut . He is a veteran of four space flights and formerly held the American record for most days spent in space , which was surpassed in April 2017 by his colleague Peggy Whitson . He still holds the record of the longest time in space for an American man .
STS-101 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) flown by Space Shuttle Atlantis . The mission was a 10-day mission conducted between 19 May 2000 and 29 May 2000 . The mission was designated 2A.2a and was a resupply mission to the International Space Station . STS-101 was delayed 3 times in April due to high winds . STS-101 traveled 4.1 million miles and completed 155 revolutions of the earth and landed on runway 15 at Kennedy Space Center . The mission was the first to fly with the glass cockpit .
Expedition 13 was the 13th expedition to the International Space Station ( ISS ) , and launched at 02:30 UTC on 30 March 2006 . The expedition used the Soyuz TMA-8 spacecraft , which stayed at the station for the duration of the expedition for emergency evacuation . Astronaut Marcos Pontes launched with Expedition 13 on the Soyuz TMA-8 spacecraft and became the first Brazilian in space . He returned with Expedition 12 on Soyuz TMA-7 after a nine-day mission . Thomas Reiter , from the European Space Agency , became part of the Expedition 13 crew in July 2006 . Reiter was launched with the second Return to Flight mission on Discovery ( STS-121 ) on 4 July 2006 . Reiter became the first European long-duration crew member on the International Space Station when he officially joined the crew of the ISS at 19:13 UTC on 6 July 2006 upon the complete installation of his Soyuz spacecraft seat liner , allowing him to return to Earth aboard the docked Soyuz craft . Reiter 's arrival restored the station crew to three members for the first time since May 2003 . The station 's crew size had been reduced to two when shuttle flights were put on hold after the Space Shuttle Columbia accident on 1 February 2003 .
Expedition 21 was the 21st long-duration mission to the International Space Station ( ISS ) . The expedition began on 30 October 2009 , with Frank de Winne becoming the first ESA astronaut to command a space mission . The handover between Expedition 20 and Expedition 21 required three Soyuz vehicles being docked to the station at the same time , the first time this has occurred . Soyuz TMA-16 brought the final members of Expedition 21 to the ISS , along with space tourist Guy Laliberté . Laliberté returned to Earth on Soyuz TMA-14 with two members of Expedition 20 on 11 October 2009 . Nicole P. Stott was the last ISS expedition crew member to fly on the Space Shuttle . She returned to Earth aboard STS-129 in November 2009 .
Expedition 22 was the 22nd long duration crew flight to the International Space Station ( ISS ) . This expedition began in November 2009 when the Expedition 21 crew departed . For a period of 3 weeks , there were only 2 crew members ; it was the first time that had happened since STS-114 . Commander Jeff Williams and flight engineer Maksim Surayev were joined by the rest of their crew on 22 December 2009 , making the Expedition 22 a crew of five . The expedition ended when Soyuz TMA-16 undocked on 17 March 2010 , and was immediately followed by the start of Expedition 23 .
Robert Shane Kimbrough ( born June 4 , 1967 ) is a retired United States Army officer , and a NASA astronaut . He was part of the first group of candidates selected for NASA astronaut training following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster . Kimbrough is a veteran of two spaceflights , the first being a Space Shuttle flight , and the second being a 6-month mission to the ISS on board a Russian Soyuz craft . He was the commander of the International Space Station for Expedition 50 , and returned to Earth in April 2017 . Married to the former Robbie Lynn Nickels .
Anne Charlotte McClain ( born June 7 , 1979 ) is a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army , engineer and a NASA astronaut . Her call sign , Annimal , dates back to her bruising rugby days ; she also uses the call sign in her Twitter handle , AstroAnnimal . She was the Flight Engineer for Expedition 58/59 to the International Space Station . After being outed as an LGBT woman in August 2019 , McClain became the first openly LGBT astronaut . [ a ]
The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine , single-rotor , military helicopters used for observation , utility , and direct fire support . Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter . The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017 , when it was replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache . The latest model , the OH-58D Kiowa Warrior , is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops . The OH-58 has been exported to Austria , Canada , Croatia , the Dominican Republic , Taiwan , Saudi Arabia , and Greece . It has also been produced under license in Australia .
Andrew Richard Drew Morgan ( born February 5 , 1976 ) is a NASA astronaut from the class of 2013 . He is currently in space . Morgan is a colonel in the U.S. Army from New Castle , Pennsylvania . Morgan is a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point , and earned a doctorate in medicine from the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , Maryland . He has experience as an emergency physician and flight surgeon for the Army special operations community , and completed a sports medicine fellowship through Virginia Commonwealth University in Fairfax , Virginia . He and his wife , Stacey , have four children .