List of long tunnels by type
Rail -- Under construction
Table:
Name

Location

Length

Expected completion

Line

Brenner Base Tunnel

Austria/Italy (Stubai Alps)

55 km (34.2 mi)

2028[8]

Brenner Railway

Gaoligongshan Tunnel

China (Yunnan)

34.531 km (21.5 mi)

2022

Dali-Ruili Railway

Koralm Tunnel

Austria (Koralpe)

32.9 km (20.4 mi)

2026[9]

Koralm Railway

Oshima Tunnel

Japan (Hokkaido)

32.675 km (20.3 mi)

2031

Hokkaidō Shinkansen

Mangkangshan Tunnel

China (Xizang)

29.403 km (18.3 mi)

2026

Kangding-Linzhi Railway

Ping'an Tunnel

China (Sichuan)

28.398 km (17.6 mi) & 28.236 km (17.5 mi), 2 tubes

2020

Chengdu–Lanzhou Railway

Semmering Base Tunnel

Austria (Raxalpe)

27.3 km (17.0 mi)

2026

Southern Railway

Sasson Tunnel

Japan (Hokkaido)

26.23 km (16.3 mi)

2031

Hokkaidō Shinkansen

Musil Tunnel

South Korea (Wonju)

25.1 km (15.6 mi)

2020

Jungang Line

Minshan Tunnel

China (Sichuan)

25.047 km (15.6 mi)

2020

Chengdu–Lanzhou Railway

Pajares Base Tunnel

Spain

24.6 km (15.3 mi)

?? (on hold)

AVE León-Asturias

Based on the accompanying table and the supporting evidence listed below.

Respond to the question below: What is the capital of the province of the tunnel less than 29.403 km but more than 27.3 km long ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

The Brenner Base Tunnel ( German : Brennerbasistunnel ; Italian : Galleria di base del Brennero ) is an under-construction 55-kilometre-long ( 34 mi ) railway tunnel through the base of the Eastern Alps beneath the Brenner Pass . It will run from near Innsbruck , in Austria , to Fortezza , in Italy , replacing part of the current Brenner railway . The line is part of Line 1 , the Berlin to Palermo route , of Trans-European Transport Networks ( TEN-T ) . The Brenner Pass , in the Alps at the border between Austria and Italy , is one of the most important traffic connections between northern and southern Europe , and the motorway going over it is infamous for its frequent traffic jams . [ citation needed ] Pollution from this traffic is a major concern . [ citation needed ] The hope is to relieve this situation by greatly improving the railway connection between North Tyrol and South Tyrol with the new tunnel , which will allow trains to cross the Alps much faster . Currently , speeds in the Brenner region barely exceed 70 km/h ( 43 mph ) due to the steepness of the existing tracks , which cross the pass at an elevation of 1,371 metres above sea level . The travel time from Innsbruck to Bolzano will be reduced from 2 hours to 50 minutes . The project is funded by Austria and Italy , and a contribution by the European Union . Due to the magnitude of the project ( it will be the world 's second-longest tunnel , after the Gotthard Base Tunnel ) , the funding promised so far will not suffice for the estimated costs . The tunnel is scheduled to be completed in 2028 .
The Stubai Alps ( in German Stubaier Alpen ) is a mountain range in the Central Eastern Alps of Europe . It derives its name from the Stubaital valley to its east and is located southwest of Innsbruck , Austria . Several peaks form the border between Austria and Italy . The range is bounded by the Inn River valley to the north ; the Sill River valley ( Wipptal ) and the Brenner Pass to the east ( separating it from the Zillertal Alps ) ; the Ötztal and Timmelsjoch to the west ( separating it from the Ötztal Alps ) , and to the south by tributaries of the Passer River and Eisack .
The Brenner Railway ( German : Brennerbahn ; Italian : Ferrovia del Brennero ) is a major line connecting the Austrian and Italian railways from Innsbruck to Verona , climbing up the Wipptal ( German for Wipp Valley ) , passing over the Brenner Pass , descending down the Eisacktal ( German for Eisack Valley ) to Bolzano/Bozen , then further down the Adige Valley to Roverto/Rofreit , and along the section of the Adige Valley , called in Italian the Vallagarina , to Verona . This railway line is part of the Line 1 of Trans-European Transport Networks ( TEN-T ) . It is considered a fundamental line by the state railways Ferrovie dello Stato ( FS ) .
Gaoligongshan Tunnel or Gaoligong Mountain Rail Tunnel ( Chinese : 高黎贡山隧道 ) is a tunnel between Nujiang Station and Longling Station on Dali-Ruili railway in Yunnan , China . It crosses through the whole territory of Longling County and then into Mangshi . Gaoligongshan Tunnel is the key project of Yunnan-Burma railway between Dali and Ruili . The length of tunnel is 34.586 km [ Note 1 ] , it makes Gaoligongshan Tunnel to be the longest single-track railway tunnel under construction in China , also is the longest mountain railway tunnel of Asia and the 7th longest tunnel of the world . Gaoligongshan Tunnel start construction at 1 December 2015 , the planned date of completion at 31 May 2022 , the total contract cost is 3.628 million Yuan . The tunnel boring machine Colorful Cloud No.1 ( Chinese : 彩云一号 ) start work on 28 August 2017 , it marked the tunnel entering the comprehensive construction phase .
Yunnan ( 云南 ) is a province in Southwest China . The province spans approximately 394,000 square kilometres ( 152,000 sq mi ) and has a population of 48.300 million ( as of 2018 ) . The capital of the province is Kunming , formerly also known as Yunnan . The province borders the Chinese provinces Guangxi , Guizhou , Sichuan , and the Tibet Autonomous Region , as well as the countries Vietnam , Laos , and Myanmar . Yunnan is China 's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014 . Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area , with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast . Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province . In the west , the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys by as much as 3,000 metres ( 9,800 ft ) . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China . Of the approximately 30,000 species of higher plants in China , Yunnan has perhaps 17,000 or more . Yunnan 's reserves of aluminium , lead , zinc and tin are the largest in China , and there are also major reserves of copper and nickel . The Han Empire first recorded diplomatic relation with the province at the end of the 2nd century BC .
The Dali-Ruili railway or Darui railway ( simplified Chinese : 大瑞铁路 ; traditional Chinese : 大瑞鐵路 ; pinyin : dàruì tiělù ) , is a single-track electrified railroad under construction in Yunnan Province of Southwest China . The line is slated to run 336.39 km ( 209 mi ) from Dali in central Yunnan to Ruili in southwestern Yunnan on the border with Myanmar . The line traverses rugged terrain , and bridges and tunnels will account for 75% of the total track length , including the 36 km Gaoligongshan Tunnel through the Gaoligong Mountains . Construction began in May 2011 and was scheduled to take six years . However , this has been repeatedly delayed , and as of 2019 the railway is scheduled to open only in 2022 . Cities and towns along route include Dali , Yangbi Yi Autonomous County , Yongping County , Baoshan , Mangshi and Ruili .
The Koralm Tunnel is a railway tunnel that is under construction in Austria under the Koralpe mountain range . It is expected to be operational by 2026 . The tunnel will be 32.9 km ( 20.4 mi ) long , which will make it Austria 's longest railway tunnel . Running at depths of up to 1,250 m ( 4,100 ft ) below ground , the tunnel will be a part of the 130 km ( 81 mi ) -long Koralm Railway which will link Graz with Klagenfurt . The Koralm tunnel will be composed of two tunnels running in parallel , each capable of carrying a single railway track , which will be linked together every 500 metres ( 1,600 ft ) . An emergency stopping point at the middle of the tunnel is included in the plans .
The Koralpe ( English : Kor Alps , Slovene : Golica or Gola planina ) , also referred to as Koralm , is a mountain range in southern Austria which separates eastern Carinthia from southern Styria . The southern parts of the range extend into Slovenia . Running from north to south , it drains to the river Lavant in the west , and to the river Sulm in the east . Its highest elevation ( 2,140 meters ) is the Große Speikkogel , a popular hiking destination and also a node for military radar airspace surveillance . In the south , in the Slovenian territory , it is contiguous with the Kozjak mountain range . The Koralpe consists mostly of metamorphic rock , of which some parts are of considerable interest to geologists and to collectors of semi-precious stones . In and around the Weinebene ( also a popular recreational and hiking area ) there are pegmatites which contain significant amounts of spodumene , making this area the largest known lithium deposit in Europe . Quartz and feldspar , together with the dense forests , provided the basis for a glass and porcelain industry in earlier times . The Koralm Railway currently under construction will link the provincial capitals of Klagenfurt and Graz via the Koralm Tunnel under the Koralpe by 2022 .
The Koralm Railway ( German : Koralmbahn ) is a 127 km-long double-track , electrified , high-speed railway that is under construction , and which will connect the Austrian cities of Graz and Klagenfurt . Construction started in 2001 , and the entire railway line is expected to be operational by 2025 .
Hokkaido ( 北海道 , Hokkaidō , lit . Northern Sea Circuit ; Japanese : [ hokːaꜜidoː ] ( listen ) , English : /hɒˈkaɪdoʊ/ ) is the second largest main island of Japan , and the largest and northernmost prefecture . The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu . It was formerly known as Ezo , Yezo , Yeso , or Yesso . The two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel . The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital , Sapporo , which is also its only ordinance-designated city . About 43 kilometers ( 26 mi ) north of Hokkaido lies Sakhalin Island and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands , which are administered by Russia , although the four most southerly are claimed by Japan - see Kuril Islands dispute .
The Hokkaido Shinkansen ( 北海道新幹線 , Hokkaidō Shinkansen ) is a Japanese high-speed shinkansen rail line that links up with the Tōhoku Shinkansen in northern Aomori Prefecture in Honshu and continues on into the interior of Hokkaido through the undersea Seikan Tunnel . Construction started in May 2005 , and the initial Shin-Aomori to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto section opened on 26 March 2016 . Extension of the line to Sapporo is scheduled to open by fiscal year 2030 . The line is operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company ( JR Hokkaido ) .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
The Tibet Autonomous Region ( TAR ) or Xizang Autonomous Region , called Tibet or Xizang for short , is a province-level autonomous region in southwest China . It was formally established in 1965 to replace the Tibet Area , an administrative division of the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , which took over from the Republic of China ( ROC ) about five years after the dismissal of the Kashag by the PRC after the 1959 Tibetan uprising , and about 13 years after Tibet 's incorporation into the PRC in 1951 . The current borders of the Tibet Autonomous Region were generally established in the 18th century and include about half of ethno-cultural Tibet . The Tibet Autonomous Region is the second-largest province-level division of China by area , spanning over 1,200,000 km2 ( 460,000 sq mi ) , after Xinjiang , and mostly due to its harsh and rugged terrain , is the least densely populated provincial-level division of the PRC .
Sichuan ( 四川 ; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan ) is a landlocked province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west , the Daba Mountains in the north , and the Yungui Plateau to the south . Sichuan 's capital city is Chengdu . The population of Sichuan stands at 81 million . In antiquity , Sichuan was the home of the ancient states of Ba and Shu . Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for the Qin Shi Huang 's unification of China under the Qin dynasty . During the Three Kingdoms era , Liu Bei 's Shu was based in Sichuan . The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong 's rebellion and the area 's subsequent Manchu conquest , but recovered to become one of China 's most productive areas by the 19th century . During World War II , Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China , making it the focus of Japanese bombing . It was one of the last mainland areas to fall to the Communists during the Chinese Civil War and was divided into four parts from 1949 to 1952 , with Chongqing restored two years later . It suffered gravely during the Great Chinese Famine of 1959-61 but remained China 's most populous province until Chongqing Municipality was again separated from it in 1997 . The people of Sichuan speak a unique form of Mandarin , which took shape during the area 's repopulation under the Ming . The family of dialects is now spoken by about 120 million people , which would make it the 10th most spoken language in the world if counted separately .
Chengdu-Lanzhou high-speed railway is a Chinese high-speed railway connecting the Sichuan provincial capital of Chengdu with the Gansu capital , Lanzhou .
The Semmering Base Tunnel is a railway tunnel under construction between Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag in Austria underneath the Semmering Pass . The existing route is 41 km in length and the Semmering Base Tunnel will be 27.3 km in length . The new route will offer time savings of up to 30 minutes , partly on account of the shorter route and partly on account of the higher speed limit ( maximum 250 km/h ) . Construction began on 25 April 2012 and the link is expected to enter operational service during 2027 , now slightly delayed from the original estimate of 2026 . The main benefit of the new tunnel will be increased ease of use for freight traffic . The gradients of the traditional routes requires the use of two locomotives ; the reduced gradient of the new link will enable the transit of freight traffic using just one locomotive . The Semmering Base Tunnel and the Koralm Railway in combination will enable freight transit across the whole southern line with just one locomotive . Currently , the fastest Vienna-Graz and Vienna-Klagenfurt journeys on the Railjet services are 2 hours 35 minutes and 3 hours 55 minutes , respectively . If the Koralmbahn enables Graz-Klagenfurt journeys of approximately 1 hour , it will bring Vienna-Klagenfurt journeys down to 3 hours 35 minutes , a saving of 20 minutes . The Semmering Base Tunnel is projected to enable time savings of 35 minutes , which will enable journeys from Vienna to Graz and Klagenfurt of two and three hours respectively .
The Rax is a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps on the border of the Austrian federal provinces of Lower Austria and Styria . Its highest peak is the Heukuppe ( 2,007 m ) . The Rax , together with the nearby Schneeberg , are a traditional mountaineering and mountain walking area , and are called the Wiener Hausberge ( Vienna 's local mountains ) . They are separated by the deep Höllental ( Hell Valley ) .
The Southern Railway ( German : Südbahn ) is a railway in Austria that runs from Vienna to Graz and the border with Slovenia at Spielfeld via Semmering and Bruck an der Mur . It was originally built by the Austrian Southern Railway company and ran to Ljubljana and Trieste , the main seaport of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy ; a main obstacle in its construction was getting over the Semmering Pass over the Northern Limestone Alps . The twin-track , electrified section that runs through the current territory of Austria is owned and operated by Austrian Federal Railways ( ÖBB ) and is one of the major lines in the country .
South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP .
Wonju [ a ] ( Korean pronunciation : [ wʌn.dʑu ] ) is the most populous city in Gangwon province , South Korea . Wonju is a city approximately 140 kilometres ( 87 mi ) east of Seoul and the capital can be reached within 1hr 20 minutes by bus or train . Wonju was the site of three crucial battles during the Korean War .
The Jungang line ( literally Central line ) is a railway line connecting Cheongnyangni in Seoul to Gyeongju in South Korea , traversing central South Korea from the northwest to the southeast . It also referred to the rail line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway from Yongsan station to Yongmun station .
The new Pajares Tunnel is a 24,667 m-long railway tunnel under construction in Spain . It will be on the AVE line from Valladolid to Gijón but could be used also by freight trains in the future . The tunnels are affected by major water infiltrations , which currently prevent their being put into use . It has been announced ( 17 May 2013 ) that broad gauge will be used initially to allow immediate use by freight traffic and avoid operational complications . However the sleepers will be gauge-convertible with the eventual change to standard gauge predicted to take a matter of weeks . 25 kV AC electrification will eventually be needed but it is unclear whether this will be the system installed at the opening date .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
Alta Velocidad Española ( AVE ) [ a ] is a service of high-speed rail in Spain operated by Renfe , the Spanish national railway company , at speeds of up to 310 km/h ( 193 mph ) . Alta Velocidad Española translates to Spanish High Speed , but the initials are also a play on the word ave , meaning bird . As of August 2017 , the Spanish AVE system is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,240 km ( 2,010 mi ) and the second longest in the world , after China 's . AVE trains run on a network of high-speed rail track owned and managed by ADIF ( Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias ) , where other high-speed ( Avant [ es ] , Alvia , Avlo ) and mid-speed ( Altaria ) services also operate . The first line was opened in 1992 , connecting the cities of Madrid , Córdoba and Seville . Unlike the rest of the Iberian broad gauge network , the AVE uses standard gauge . This permits direct connections to outside Spain through the link to the French network at the Perthus tunnel . AVE trains are operated by RENFE , but private companies may be allowed to operate trains in the future using other brands , in accordance with European Union legislation . Some TGV-derived trains used to run on the broad-gauge network at slower speeds , but these were branded separately as Euromed until new rolling stock was commissioned for these services .
León ( UK : /leɪˈɒn/ , US : /-ˈoʊn/ ; Spanish : [ leˈon ] ; Leonese : Llión [ ʎiˈoŋ ] ) is the capital of the province of León , located in the northwest of Spain . Its city population of 127,817 ( 2015 ) makes it the largest municipality in the province , accounting for more than one quarter of the province 's population . Including the metropolitan area , the population is estimated at 202,793 ( 2015 ) . Founded as the military encampment of the Legio VI Victrix around 29 BC , its standing as an encampment city was consolidated with the definitive settlement of the Legio VII Gemina from 74 AD . Following its partial depopulation due to the Umayyad conquest of the peninsula . 910 saw the beginning of one its most prominent historical periods , when it became the capital of the Kingdom of León , which took active part in the Reconquista against the Moors , and came to be one of the fundamental kingdoms of medieval Spain . In 1188 , the city hosted the first Parliament in European history under the reign of Alfonso IX , due to which it was named in 2010 , by the professor John Keane , the King of Spain and the Junta of Castile and León , as the cradle of Parliamentarism , and the Decreta of León were included in the Memory of the World register by UNESCO in 2013 . The city 's prominence began to decline in the early Middle Ages , partly due to the loss of independence after the union of the Leonese kingdom with the Crown of Castile , consolidated in 1301 . After a period of stagnation during the early modern age , it was one of the first cities to hold an uprising in the Spanish War of Independence , and some years later , in 1833 acquired the status of provincial capital . The end of the 19th and the 20th century saw a significant acceleration in the rate of urban expansion , when the city became an important communications hub of the northwest due to the rise of the coal mining industry and the arrival of the railroad . León 's historical and architectural heritage , as well as the numerous festivals hosted throughout the year ( particularly noteworthy are the Easter processions ) and its location on the French Way of the Camino de Santiago , which is ranked as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , make it a destination of both domestic and international tourism . Some of the city 's most prominent historical buildings are the Cathedral , one of the finest examples of French-style classic Gothic architecture in Spain , the Basilica of San Isidoro , one of the most important Romanesque churches in Spain and resting place of León 's medieval monarchs , the Monastery of San Marcos , an example of plateresque and Renaissance Spanish architecture , and the Casa Botines , a Modernist creation of the architect Antoni Gaudí .