List of single sign-on implementations
References
Table:
Product Name

Project/Vendor

License

Identity management platform

Description

Accounts & SSO
Nokia, Intel,…
Free software

Client-side implementation with plugins for various services/protocols

Active Directory Federation Services
Microsoft
Proprietary

Claims-based system and application federation

Aerobase
(Aerobase SSO)
Aerobase
Open source
Yes
Federated SSO (LDAP and Active Directory), standard protocols (OpenID Connect, OAuth 2.0 and SAML 2.0) for Web, clustering and single sign on.
Aerobase Single Sign-On. Forked from Keycloak.

Bitium
Bitium
Proprietary

Enterprise cloud-based identity and access management solution with single sign-on, active directory integration and 2-factor authentication options

CAS / Central Authentication Service
Apereo
Free & Open Source (Apache 2.0)

Protocol and open-source SSO server/client implementation with support for CAS, SAML1, SAML2, OAuth2, SCIM, OpenID Connect and WS-Fed protocols both as an identity provider and a service provider with other auxiliary functions that deal with user consent, access management, impersonation, terms of use, etc. Licensed under Apache 2.0.

CA Single Sign-on

Broadcom

Proprietary

web access management system that enables user authentication and secure Internet SSO (single sign-on), policy-driven authorization, federation of identities (SAML and OIDC) C, and complete auditing of all access to the web applications it protects.

Crowd

Atlassian

Proprietary

CoSign single sign on
University of Michigan
Academic

SSO for University of Michigan

Digital Resolve SSO
Digital Resolve
Proprietary
Yes
SAML 2.0, Enterprise SSO, Cloud-based, Federation, Passive Federation; combines SSO with proprietary multifactor authentication and behavioral monitoring technology.

Distributed Access Control System (DACS)
Distributed Systems Software
Free Software

Facebook connect
Facebook
Proprietary

Facebook SSO to third parties enabled by Facebook

FreeIPA
Red Hat
Free Software
Yes

HelloID
Tools4ever B.V.
Proprietary
Yes
Cloud-based Identity & Access Management (IAM) solution with single sign-on (SSO), Multi Factor Authentication and Active Directory integration

IceWall SSO
Hewlett-Packard Enterprise
Proprietary

Web and Federated Single Sign-On Solution

IBM Enterprise Identity Mapping
IBM
Free software
Yes
Works with Kerberos (e.g. Active Directory) and other authentication mechanisms to map different identities and hence allow single signon to all IBM server platforms (Windows, Linux, PowerLinux, IBM i, i5/OS, OS/400, AIX) even when the user name differs.

LTPA
IBM
Proprietary

IBM Tivoli Access Manager
IBM
Proprietary
Yes
Web, enterprise & Federated SSO solution. IBM Tivoli Identity Manager provides Identity management platform.

Imprivata OneSign
Imprivata
Proprietary

Janrain Federate SSO
Janrain
Proprietary
Yes
Social and conventional user SSO

JOSSO
JOSSO
Free Software

Open Source Single Sign-On Server

Looking at the tabular data plus the textual context provided.

Provide an answer to this question: Which operating system is used by the software developed by the vendor headquartered in Redmond ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Accounts & SSO , accounts-sso , or lately gSSO is a single sign-on framework for computers . Originating as part of Maemo 5 Accounts-SSO is free software licensed under LGPL 2.1 . Accounts-SSO was deployed as a standard component of Nokia N900 , Nokia N9 , Tizen , and Ubuntu . Later it was integrated in KDE Plasma Workspaces .
Nokia Corporation ( natively Nokia Oyj , referred to as Nokia ; Finnish : [ ˈnokiɑ ] , UK : /ˈnɒkiə/ , US : /ˈnoʊkiə/ ) is a Finnish multinational telecommunications , information technology , and consumer electronics company , founded in 1865 . Nokia 's headquarters are in Espoo , in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area . In 2018 , Nokia employed approximately 103,000 people across over 100 countries , did business in more than 130 countries , and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion . Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange . It is the world 's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500 , having peaked at 85th place in 2009 . It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years . It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with rubber and cables , but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale telecommunications infrastructures , technology development , and licensing . Nokia is a major contributor to the mobile telephony industry , having assisted in the development of the GSM , 3G and LTE standards ( and currently in 5G ) , and was once the largest worldwide vendor of mobile phones and smartphones . After a partnership with Microsoft and subsequent market struggles , its mobile phone business was bought by Microsoft , creating Microsoft Mobile as its successor in 2014 . After the sale , Nokia began to focus more extensively on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on Internet of things technologies , marked by the divestiture of its Here mapping division and the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent , including its Bell Labs research organization . The company then also experimented with virtual reality and digital health , the latter through the purchase of Withings .
Intel Corporation ( commonly known as Intel and stylized as intel ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara , California , in Silicon Valley . It is the world 's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue , and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors , the processors found in most personal computers ( PCs ) . Intel ranked No . 46 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Intel is incorporated in Delaware . Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple , Lenovo , HP , and Dell . Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets , network interface controllers and integrated circuits , flash memory , graphics chips , embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing . Intel Corporation was founded on July 18 , 1968 , by semiconductor pioneers Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore ( of Moore 's law ) , and is associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove . The company 's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words integrated and electronics , with co-founder Noyce having been a key inventor of the integrated circuit ( microchip ) . The fact that intel is the term for intelligence information also made the name appropriate . Intel was an early developer of SRAM and DRAM memory chips , which represented the majority of its business until 1981 . Although Intel created the world 's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971 , it was not until the success of the personal computer ( PC ) that this became its primary business .
Free software or libre software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study , change , and distribute it and any adapted versions . Free software is a matter of liberty , not price : users - individually or in cooperation with computer programmers - are free to do what they want with their copies of a free software ( including profiting from them ) regardless of how much is paid to obtain the program . Computer programs are deemed free if they give users ( not just the developer ) ultimate control over the software and , subsequently , over their devices . The right to study and modify a computer program entails that source code - the preferred format for making changes - be made available to users of that program . While this is often called access to source code or public availability , the Free Software Foundation recommends against thinking in those terms , because it might give the impression that users have an obligation ( as opposed to a right ) to give non-users a copy of the program . Although the term free software had already been used loosely in the past , Richard Stallman is credited with tying it to the sense under discussion and starting the free-software movement in 1983 , when he launched the GNU Project : a collaborative effort to create a freedom-respecting operating system , and to revive the spirit of cooperation once prevalent among hackers during the early days of computing .
Active Directory Federation Services ( AD FS ) , a software component developed by Microsoft , can run on Windows Server operating systems to provide users with single sign-on access to systems and applications located across organizational boundaries . It uses a claims-based access-control authorization model to maintain application security and to implement federated identity . Claims-based authentication involves authenticating a user based on a set of claims about that user 's identity contained in a trusted token . Such a token is often issued and signed by an entity that is able to authenticate the user by other means , and that is trusted by the entity doing the claims-based authentication . It is part of the Active Directory Services . In AD FS , identity federation is established between two organizations by establishing trust between two security realms . A federation server on one side ( the Accounts side ) authenticates the user through the standard means in Active Directory Domain Services and then issues a token containing a series of claims about the user , including its identity . On the other side , the Resources side , another federation server validates the token and issues another token for the local servers to accept the claimed identity . This allows a system to provide controlled access to its resources or services to a user that belongs to another security realm without requiring the user to authenticate directly to the system and without the two systems sharing a database of user identities or passwords . In practice a user might typically perceive this approach as follows :
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond , Washington . It develops , manufactures , licenses , supports , and sells computer software , consumer electronics , personal computers , and related services . Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems , the Microsoft Office suite , and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest software maker by revenue ( currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue ) . The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software . Microsoft is ranked No . 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4 , 1975 , to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 . It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s , followed by Microsoft Windows . The company 's 1986 initial public offering ( IPO ) , and subsequent rise in its share price , created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees . Since the 1990s , it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions , their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $ 26.2 billion in December 2016 , followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $ 8.5 billion in May 2011 .
Single sign-on ( SSO ) is a property of access control of multiple related , yet independent , software systems . With this property , a user logs in with a single ID and password to gain access to any of several related systems . It is often accomplished by using the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP ) and stored LDAP databases on ( directory ) servers . A simple version of single sign-on can be achieved over IP networks using cookies but only if the sites share a common DNS parent domain . For clarity , a distinction should be made between Directory Server Authentication and single sign-on : Directory Server Authentication refers to systems requiring authentication for each application but using the same credentials from a directory server , whereas single sign-on refers to systems where a single authentication provides access to multiple applications by passing the authentication token seamlessly to configured applications . Conversely , single sign-off or single log-out ( SLO ) is the property whereby a single action of signing out terminates access to multiple software systems . As different applications and resources support different authentication mechanisms , single sign-on must internally store the credentials used for initial authentication and translate them to the credentials required for the different mechanisms . Other shared authentication schemes such as OpenID , and OpenID Connect offer other services that may require users to make choices during a sign-on to a resource , but can be configured for single sign-on if those other services ( such as user consent ) are disabled . An increasing number of federated social logons , like Facebook Connect , do require the user to enter consent choices upon first registration with a new resource , and so are not always single sign-on in the strictest sense .
Bitium was a developer of the cloud service Bitium , which provided single sign-on and identity management for software as a service ( SaaS ) cloud-based applications before its merger into Google Cloud . Bitium allows end users to access all of their cloud software accounts using a single set of login credentials . The product can integrate with cloud apps using SAML for enhanced security . Bitium also allows companies to extend their existing directory structured to cloud apps . Bitium can integrate with Active Directory , LDAP , HRIS , Google Apps and other on-premises directories to allow for centralized user access and control . Bitium is backed by venture capital firm Polaris Partners and is an early graduate of the Amplify.LA accelerator . The corporate office is located in a building which was the former studio of artist Richard Diebenkorn . Bitium has been featured at CIO.com , Forbes.com , and Business2Community.com .
Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights .
The Central Authentication Service ( CAS ) is a single sign-on protocol for the web . Its purpose is to permit a user to access multiple applications while providing their credentials ( such as userid and password ) only once . It also allows web applications to authenticate users without gaining access to a user 's security credentials , such as a password . The name CAS also refers to a software package that implements this protocol .
The Apache License is a permissive free software license written by the Apache Software Foundation ( ASF ) . It allows users to use the software for any purpose , to distribute it , to modify it , and to distribute modified versions of the software under the terms of the license , without concern for royalties . The ASF and its projects release their software products under the Apache License . The license is also used by many non-ASF projects .
Broadcom Inc. is an American designer , developer , manufacturer and global supplier of a broad range of semiconductor and infrastructure software products , Broadcom 's product portfolio serves the data center , networking , software , broadband , wireless , and storage and industrial markets . Tan Hock Eng is the company 's president and CEO . The company is headquartered in San Jose , California . Avago took the Broadcom part of the Broadcom Corporation name after acquiring it in January 2016 . The ticker symbol AVGO that represented old Avago now represents the new merged entity . The Broadcom Corporation ticker symbol BRCM was retired .
Atlassian Corporation Plc ( /ətˈlæsiən/ ) is an enterprise software multinational that develops products for software development , project management , and content management . It is best known for its issue tracking application , Jira , and its team collaboration and wiki product , Confluence . Atlassian serves over 135,000 customers .
Cosign is an open-source project originally designed by the Research Systems Unix Group to provide the University of Michigan with a secure single sign-on web authentication system . Cosign authenticates a user on the web server and then provides an environment variable for the user 's name . When the user accesses a part of the site that requires authentication , the presence of that variable allows access without having to sign on again . Cosign is part of the National Science Foundation Middleware Initiative ( NMI ) EDIT software release .
The University of Michigan ( UM , U-M , U of M , or UMich ) , often simply referred to as Michigan , is a public research university in Ann Arbor , Michigan . The university is Michigan 's oldest ; it was founded in 1817 in Detroit , as the Catholepistemiad , or University of Michigania , 20 years before the territory became a state . The school was moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto 40 acres ( 16 ha ) of what is now known as Central Campus . Since its establishment in Ann Arbor , the flagship university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than 34 million gross square feet ( 780 acres ; 3.2 km2 ) spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus , two regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn , and a Center in Detroit . The university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities . Considered one of the foremost research universities in the United States with annual research expenditures approaching $ 1.5 billion , Michigan is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 25 Nobel Prize winners , 6 Turing Award winners and 1 Fields Medalist have been affiliated with the University of Michigan . Its comprehensive graduate program offers doctoral degrees in the humanities , social sciences , and STEM fields ( science , technology , engineering , and mathematics ) as well as professional degrees in architecture , business , medicine , law , pharmacy , nursing , social work , public health , and dentistry . Michigan 's body of living alumni comprises more than 540,000 people , one of the largest alumni bases of any university in the world . Michigan 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Wolverines . They are members of the Big Ten Conference . More than 250 Michigan athletes or coaches have participated in Olympic events , winning more than 150 medals .
Distributed Access Control System ( DACS ) is a light-weight single sign-on and attribute-based access control system for web servers and server-based software . DACS is primarily used with Apache web servers to provide enhanced access control for web pages , CGI programs and servlets , and other web-based assets , and to federate Apache servers . Released under an open-source license , DACS provides a modular authentication framework that supports an array of common authentication methods and a rule-based authorization engine that can grant or deny access to resources , named by URLs , based on the identity of the requestor and other contextual information . Administrators can configure DACS to identify users by employing authentication methods and user accounts already available within their organization . The resulting DACS identities are recognized at all DACS jurisdictions that have been federated . In addition to simple web-based APIs , command-line interfaces are also provided to much of the functionality . Most web-based APIs can return XML or JSON documents . Development of DACS began in 2001 , with the first open source release made available in 2005 .
The Facebook Platform is the set of services , tools , and products provided by the social networking service Facebook for third-party developers to create their own applications and services that access data in Facebook . The current Facebook Platform was launched in 2010 . The platform offers a set of programming interfaces and tools which enable developers to integrate with the open social graph of personal relations and other things like songs , places , and Facebook pages . Allocation the on facebook.com , external websites , and devices are all allowed to access the graph .
Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service based in Menlo Park , California and a flagship service of the namesake company Facebook , Inc . It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg , along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin , Andrew McCollum , Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes . The founders initially limited Facebook membership to Harvard students . Membership was expanded to Ivy League schools , MIT , and higher education institutions in the Boston area , then various other universities , and lastly high school students . Since 2006 , anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old has been allowed to become a registered user of Facebook , though this may vary depending on local laws . The name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students . The Facebook service can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity , such as personal computers , tablets and smartphones . After registering , users can create a profile revealing information about themselves . They can post text , photos and multimedia which is shared with any other users that have agreed to be their friend , or , with a different privacy setting , with any reader . Users can also use various embedded apps , join common-interest groups , buy and sell items or services on Marketplace , and receive notifications of their Facebook friends ' activities and activities of Facebook pages they follow . Facebook claimed that it had more than 2.3 billion monthly active users as of December 2018 . Facebook has been subject to extensive media coverage and many controversies .
FreeIPA is a free and open source identity management system . FreeIPA is the upstream open-source project for Red Hat Identity Manager .
Red Hat , Inc. is an American multinational software company providing open source software products to the enterprise community . Founded in 1993 , Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh , North Carolina , with other offices worldwide . It became a subsidiary of IBM on July 9 , 2019 . Red Hat has become associated to a large extent with its enterprise operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux . With the acquisition of open-source enterprise middleware vendor JBoss , Red Hat also offers Red Hat Virtualization ( RHV ) , an enterprise virtualization product . Red Hat provides storage , operating system platforms , middleware , applications , management products , and support , training , and consulting services . Red Hat creates , maintains , and contributes to many free software projects . It has acquired several proprietary software product codebases through corporate mergers and acquisitions and has released such software under open source licenses . As of March 2016 [ update ] , Red Hat is the second largest corporate contributor to the Linux kernel version 4.14 after Intel . On October 28 , 2018 , IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for $ 34 billion . The acquisition closed on July 9 , 2019 . Red Hat 's lead financial adviser in the transaction was Guggenheim Securities .
IceWall SSO is a Web and Federated single sign-on software developed and marketed by Hewlett Packard Enterprise over the globe .
IBM Enterprise Identity Mapping ( EIM ) is a framework from IBM that allows the mapping of different identities ( user IDs ) on various platforms , user repositories and applications to a single identity . It can be used with a range of authentication mechanisms such as Kerberos ( protocol ) ( e.g . as used by MS Active Directory ) to allow one user repository to authenticate the user and for this information to be passed via a secure token to another platform for authorisation even when the User IDs differ . The target platform refers to EIM to obtain the mapping identity for its own repository . In this way it enables single sign-on . It is sometimes possible to eliminate passwords on the target system . It is available free of charge on all IBM server platforms including those running z/OS , IBM i , IBM AIX , Linux , PowerLinux and Windows Server plus earlier releases such as i5/OS . In the case of IBM i both EIM and Kerberos authentication are an integral part of the OS .
Lightweight Third-Party Authentication ( LTPA ) , is an authentication technology used in IBM WebSphere and Lotus Domino products . When accessing web servers that use the LTPA technology it is possible for a web user to re-use their login across physical servers . A Lotus Domino server or an IBM WebSphere server that is configured to use the LTPA authentication will challenge the web user for a name and password . When the user has been authenticated , their browser will have received a session cookie - a cookie that is only available for one browsing session . This cookie contains the LTPA token . If the user - after having received the LTPA token - accesses a server that is a member of the same authentication realm as the first server , and if the browsing session has not been terminated ( the browser was not closed down ) , then the user is automatically authenticated and will not be challenged for a name and password . Such an environment is also called a Single-Sign-On ( SSO ) environment .
The International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM ) is an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Armonk , New York , with operations in over 170 countries . The company began in 1911 , founded in Endicott , New York , as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company ( CTR ) and was renamed International Business Machines in 1924 . IBM is incorporated in New York . IBM produces and sells computer hardware , middleware and software , and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology . IBM is also a major research organization , holding the record for most U.S. patents generated by a business ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) for 27 consecutive years . Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine ( ATM ) , the floppy disk , the hard disk drive , the magnetic stripe card , the relational database , the SQL programming language , the UPC barcode , and dynamic random-access memory ( DRAM ) . The IBM mainframe , exemplified by the System/360 , was the dominant computing platform during the 1960s and 1970s . IBM has continually shifted business operations by focusing on higher-value , more profitable markets . This includes spinning off printer manufacturer Lexmark in 1991 and the sale of personal computer ( ThinkPad/ThinkCentre ) and x86-based server businesses to Lenovo ( in 2005 and 2014 , respectively ) , and acquiring companies such as PwC Consulting ( 2002 ) , SPSS ( 2009 ) , The Weather Company ( 2016 ) , and Red Hat ( 2019 ) . Also in 2015 , IBM announced that it would go fabless , continuing to design semiconductors , but offloading manufacturing to GlobalFoundries . Nicknamed Big Blue , IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world 's largest employers , with ( as of 2018 [ update ] ) over 350,000 employees , known as IBMers . At least 70% of IBMers are based outside the United States , and the country with the largest number of IBMers is India .
IBM Tivoli Access Manager ( TAM ) is an authentication and authorization solution for corporate web services , operating systems , and existing applications . Tivoli Access Manager runs on various operating system platforms such as Unix ( AIX , Solaris , HP-UX ) , Linux , and Windows . It has been renamed as IBM Security Access Manager ( ISAM ) , in line with the renaming of other Tivoli products , such as TIM turned ISIM .
Imprivata is an IT security company based in Lexington , Massachusetts . Founded in 2002 , Imprivata develops and sells the OneSign Platform for securing employee access to desktops , networks and applications using a single sign-on . In 2017 , Imprivata had over 1,700 clients and several offices across America , Europe and Australia . Imprivata customers are primarily from the healthcare industries . Imprivata became a public company on June 25 , 2014 , and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange , until it was acquired by private equity investment firm Thoma Bravo , LLC in 2016 .
Janrain , sometimes styled as JanRain , is a customer profile and identity management ( CIAM ) software provider based in Portland , Oregon , United States . It was established in 2002 . Akamai acquired Janrain in January 2019 .
Java Open Single Sign On ( JOSSO ) is an open source Identity and Access Management ( IAM ) platform for rapid and standards-based Cloud-scale Single Sign-On , web services security , authentication and provisioning .