List of University of Santo Tomas alumni
Civil servants -- Law , governance , and politics
Table:
Name

Year/Degree

Notability

Reference

Joel Villanueva

Bachelor of Science in Commerce Degree, Major in Economics

Currently, a Senator, former TESDA Director General

Pedro Tongio Liongson

Licentiates in Law and Jurisprudence 1892

Judge Advocate General, Army of the First Philippine Republic 1899

[76]

Benigno Aquino, Sr.

LL.B. 1913

Speaker of the National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic 1943 - 1944, Father of Ninoy and Grandfather of Noynoy

[77]

Melecio Arranz

B.S. C.E.

Chairman of the Committee on Public Works and Communications 1936, President pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines 1946–1949

[78]

Lito Atienza

B.S.Arch.

Member of Parliament 1984–1986, Vice Mayor of Manila 1992–1998, Mayor of Manila 1998–2007, Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources 2007–2009

[79]

José Avelino

LL.M.

Secretary of Labor 1935–1938, Secretary of Public Works and Transportation 1939–1941, Senator of the Philippines 1946–1951, President of the Senate of the Philippines 1946–1949

[80]

Ramon Bagatsing

LL.M. 1971,
LL.D. 1977

Member of the House of Representatives from Manila 1957–1971, longest serving Mayor of Manila from 1971–1986

[81]

Alfredo Benipayo

H.S. 1954,
A.B. 1958,
LL.B. 1962

Professor of law, former court administrator of the Supreme Court of the Philippines 1996–2001, chairman of Commission on Elections 2001–2002, Solicitor General 2002–2006, and former dean of Faculty of Civil Law

[82]

Ruffy Biazon

B.S. Med.Tech.

Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Muntinlupa City 2001–2010

[83]

Cesar Climaco

A.A.

Mayor of Zamboanga City 1953–1954, Member of Parliament 1984

[84]

Isabelo de los Reyes

LL.B. 1886

Founder of Iglesia Filipina Independiente, politician, writer, and labor activist

[85]

Jaime de Veyra

1897

Resident Commissioners from the Philippines 1917–1923

[86]

Enrique dela Cruz, Jr.

A.B.(LegMa), LL.B. Master in Public Policy Harvard Master of Laws LLM

Board Member of the second district of Bulacan

[87]

Harriet Demetriou

LL.B. 1995

Chairman of the Commission on Elections 1999–2001

[88]

Amado Dimayuga

LL.B. 1951

Professor of law, member of Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines, former Dean of Faculty of Civil Law

[89]

Loi Estrada

A.A. 1949,
M.D. 1954

Professor of medicine, physician, First Lady of the Philippines 1998–2001, Senator of the Philippines 2001–2007

[90]

Peter Favila

B.S.Comm.(B. F.)

Secretary of Trade and Industry 2005–2010

[91]

Jose Feria

LL.B. 1940

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines 1986–1987, dean of Faculty of Civil Law 1979–1985

[92]

Cancio Garcia

M.P.A. 1967

Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines 2004–2007

[93]

Raul Gonzalez

LL.B. 1955

Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Iloilo 1995–2004, Secretary of Justice 2004–2009

[94]

Taking into account the accompanying table and the context snippets listed.

State the answer to the question: What is the full name of the alumni member that graduated with a degree in the understanding and application of pharmaceuticals , devices , procedures , and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Emmanuel Joel Villanueva ( /bɪljɑːnuːwɛbɑː/ , born August 2 , 1975 ) is a Filipino politician , who serves as a Senator of the Philippines . He took his senatorial seat following the 2016 Philippine national elections , where he ranked second highest in the polls with 18,459,222 votes . He was a former Director General of the Philippine TESDA from 2010-2015 and a three-term congressman from 2001 through 2010 . Villanueva was the youngest member of the House of Representatives when he assumed office in February 2002 . He is also a basketball player currently playing for the Senate Defenders in the UNTV Cup . He also played for the Philippine national team , and the University of Santo Tomas .
Pedro Tongio Liongson was a member of the Malolos Congress which wrote the constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899 and served as Judge Advocate General in the Republic 's army during the Philippine-American War of 1899-1901 . A trained lawyer and judge , Col. Liongson figured in and left his mark on a number of historic events in the Philippines .
The Philippine Republic ( Spanish : República Filipina ; Filipino : Repúblikáng Pilipino ) , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic , was a nascent revolutionary government in the Philippines . It was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21 , 1899 , in Malolos , Bulacan , [ Note 1 ] and endured until the capture of President Emilio Aguinaldo by the American forces on March 23 , 1901 , in Palanan , Isabela , which effectively dissolved the First Republic . The First Philippine Republic was established after the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire ( 1896-1897 ) and the Spanish-American War between Spain and the United States ( 1898 ) . Following the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay , Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines , issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12 , 1898 , and established a revolutionary Philippine government . In December 1898 , Spain sold the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris , making the United States formally the Philippines colonial power . The Malolos Constitution establishing the First Philippine Republic was proclaimed the following month . The Philippine-American War began in February 1899 , which the Philippine Republic lost . The Philippine Republic was the first constitutional republic in Asia . Although there were several Asian republics predating the First Philippine Republic for example , the Mahajanapadas of ancient India , the Lanfang Republic , the Republic of Formosa or the Republic of Ezo , the Republic at Malolos was the first to frame a comprehensive constitution duly approved by a partially elected congress . [ failed verification ]
Benigno Simeon Igno Aquino Sr. ( September 3 , 1894 - December 20 , 1947 ) , also known as Benigno S. Aquino or Benigno S. Aquino Sr. , was a Filipino politician who served as Speaker of the National Assembly of the Japanese-puppet state of the Philippines from 1943 to 1944 . He was the Director-General of KALIBAPI , a political party established during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines . His grandson Benigno S. Aquino III was the 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016 .
Bachelor of Laws ( Latin : Legum Baccalaureus ; LL.B . ) is an undergraduate law degree in England and most common law jurisdictions - except the United States and Canada - which allows a person to become a lawyer . It historically served this purpose in North America as well but was phased out in favour of the Juris Doctor degree . Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in Nigeria , Scotland , South Africa , Israel and Zambia . [ citation needed ]
The speaker of a deliberative assembly , especially a legislative body , is its presiding officer , or the chair . The title was first used in 1377 in England .
The National Assembly was the legislature of the Second Philippine Republic from September 25 , 1943 to February 2 , 1944 . Half of the membership of the assembly consisted of provincial governors or city mayors acting in an ex officio capacity , while the other half were indirectly elected through local conventions of KALIBAPI members during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines .
Benigno Simeon Ninoy Aquino Jr. QSC ( November 27 , 1932 - August 21 , 1983 ) was a Filipino politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines ( 1967-1972 ) and governor of the province of Tarlac . He was the husband of former Philippine President Corazon Aquino and father of former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III . Aquino , together with Gerardo Roxas and Jovito Salonga , formed the leadership of the opposition towards then President Ferdinand Marcos . Shortly after the imposition of martial law , he was arrested in 1972 along with others associated with the Communists ' armed insurgency and incarcerated for seven years . He founded his own party , Lakas ng Bayan , and ran in the 1978 Philippine parliamentary election , but all of the party 's candidates , including Aquino , lost in the election . In 1980 , Aquino was permitted by Marcos to travel to the United States for medical treatment following a heart attack . During the early 80s he became one of the most notable critics of the Marcos regime and enjoyed popularity across the US due to the numerous rallies he attended at the time . As the situation in the Philippines worsened , Aquino decided to return to face Marcos and restore democracy in the country , despite numerous threats against it . He was assassinated at the Manila International Airport on August 21 , 1983 upon returning from his self-imposed exile . His death revitalized opposition against Marcos , catapulted his widow , Corazon , into the political limelight , and prompted her to successfully run for a six-year term as President as a member of the UNIDO party in the 1986 snap election . Among other public structures , Manila International Airport has since been renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor , and the anniversary of his death is a national holiday .
Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III ( born February 8 , 1960 ) is a Filipino politician who served as the 15th President of the Philippines from 2010 until 2016 . Aquino is a fourth-generation politician and the chairman of the Liberal Party from 2010 to 2016 . On September 9 , 2009 , shortly after the death of his mother , Aquino officially announced that he would be a candidate in the 2010 presidential election . He was elected and on June 30 , 2010 was sworn into office as the fifteenth President of the Philippines at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park , Manila , succeeding Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo . He ended his term on June 30 , 2016 , succeeded by Rodrigo Duterte . In 2013 , Time named him one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World .
A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design , construction , and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment , including public works such as roads , bridges , canals , dams , airports , sewerage systems , pipelines , structural components of buildings , and railways . Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines . It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering , and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering . Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments , and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies .
The Philippines ' Department of Public Works and Highways ( Filipino : Kagawaran ng mga Pagawain at Lansangang Pambayan ) , abbreviated as DPWH , is the executive department of the Philippine government solely vested with the Mandate to be the State 's engineering and construction arm and , as such , it is tasked to carry out the policy of the State to maintain an engineering and construction arm and continuously develop its technology , for the purposes of ensuring the safety of all infrastructure facilities and securing for all public works and highways the highest efficiency and the most appropriate quality in construction and shall be responsible for ( t ) he planning , design , construction and maintenance of infrastructure facilities , especially national highways , flood control and water resources development systems , and other public works in accordance with national development objectives , provided that , the exercise of which shall be decentralized to the fullest extent feasible .
The President pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines is the second highest-ranking official of the Senate of the Philippines . During the absence of the Senate President , the Senate President pro tempore presides over the Senate . In the current 17th Congress , two senators became Senate President pro tempore and they are Franklin Drilon and Ralph Recto who is the incumbent .
José Livioko Atienza Jr. ( born August 10 , 1941 ) , commonly known by his nickname Lito Atienza , is a Filipino politician . He is the former city mayor of Manila and former secretary of the Department of Environment and Resources . He stepped down as mayor of Manila on June 30 , 2007 , after serving a three-year three-term limit for local government executives set by the Philippine Constitution of 1987 . He currently hosts GMA Network 's Maynila since 1998 .
The Bachelor of Architecture ( B.Arch . ) is a bachelor 's degree designed to satisfy the academic requirement of practising architecture .
The Regular Batasang Pambansa ( English : Regular National Assembly ) , or the First Batasang Pambansa , was the meeting of the Batasang Pambansa from the beginning of its session on July 23 , 1984 until it was abolished by President Corazon Aquino on March 25 , 1986 .
The 30th Chess Olympiad , organized by FIDE and comprising an open and a women 's tournament , as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess , took place between June 7 and June 25 , 1992 , at the Philippine International Convention Center in Manila , Philippines . Following the fall of the Iron Curtain , the field of competitors was quite different from previous Olympiads . Twelve of the 15 former Soviet republics now competed as independent nations , and they all finished in the top half . Meanwhile , an all-German team was present for the first time since World War II . Of the former Yugoslav republics , Croatia , Bosnia , and Slovenia appeared independently ; Serbia-Montenegro and Macedonia did not . This Olympiad also marked the final appearance of Czechoslovakia and the re-appearance of South Africa . With the Soviet team a thing of the past , all three medal ranks were now occupied by different ex-Soviet teams . Russia , captained by world champion Kasparov , took up the illustrious legacy of their predecessor and won by four points . Uzbekistan 's silver was a small surprise ; the Armenian bronze less so .
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources ( Filipino : Kagawaran ng Kapaligiran at Likas na Yaman , DENR or KKLY ) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for governing and supervising the exploration , development , utilization , and conservation of the country 's natural resources .
José Dira Avelino ( August 5 , 1890 - July 21 , 1986 ) was the first President of the Senate of the Third Republic of the Philippines and the second President of the Liberal Party . He was Senate President pro tempore to President Manuel Quezon prior to the establishment of the Commonwealth .
A Master of Laws ( M.L . or LL.M . ; Latin : Magister Legum or Legum Magister ) is a postgraduate academic degree , pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree , a professional law degree , or an undergraduate degree in a related subject . In some jurisdictions the Master of Laws is the basic professional degree for admission into legal practice .
The Philippines ' Department of Labor and Employment ( Filipino : Kagawaran ng Paggawa at Empleyo , commonly abbreviated as DOLE ) is the executive department of the Philippine Government mandated to formulate policies , implement programs and services , and serve as the policy-coordinating arm of the Executive Branch in the field of labor and employment . It is tasked with the enforcement of the provisions of the Labor Code .
The Senate of the Philippines ( Filipino : Senado ng Pilipinas , also Mataas na Kapulungan ng Pilipinas or upper chamber ) is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines , the Congress ; the House of Representatives is the lower house . The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large with the country as one district under plurality-at-large voting . Senators serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms , with half of the senators elected every three years to ensure that the Senate is maintained as a continuous body , though staggered . When the Senate was restored by the 1987 Constitution , the 24 senators who were elected in 1987 served until 1992 . In 1992 the 12 candidates for the Senate obtaining the highest number of votes served until 1998 , while the next 12 served until 1995 . Thereafter , each senator elected serves the full six years . Aside from having its concurrence on every bill in order to be passed for the president 's signature to become a law , the Senate is the only body that can concur with treaties , and can try impeachment cases . The Senate Presidency is currently held by Tito Sotto .
Ramon D. Bagatsing , Sr. , Ll.M. , DCL ( August 19 , 1916 - February 14 , 2006 ) was the five-term Mayor of Manila . He was the only Indian Filipino and person with disability ( as an amputee ) to serve as Mayor of the City of Manila from 1971 to 1986 . Bagatsing held the unique distinction of being the only person to survive both the Bataan Death March and the military hero for the Liberation of Manila during the Second World War and the Plaza Miranda bombing in 1971 . Before occupying the city 's highest office , Bagatsing served as a Representative to Congress for Manila , member of Cabinet , lawyer , lay minister , and policeman . He earned the moniker The Incorruptible for his clean record in public service and for his unwavering anti-graft and corruption stance .
Doctor of Civil Law ( DCL ; Latin : Legis Civilis Doctor or Juris Civilis Doctor ) is a degree offered by some universities , such as the University of Oxford , instead of the more common Doctor of Laws ( LLD ) degrees . At Oxford , the degree is a higher doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications that contain significant and original contributions to the study of law or politics in general . As of June 2016 , the DCL has been suspended , pending a reform of the higher doctorates . The DCL is senior to all degrees save the Doctor of Divinity which was traditionally the highest degree bestowed by the Universities . The degree of Doctor of Canon Law was replaced by the DCL after the Reformation . The degree of Doctor of Civil Law by Diploma is customarily conferred on foreign Heads of State , as well as on the Chancellor of the University . ( The British Sovereign is unable to receive university degrees , since these would , theoretically , place her under the jurisdiction of the Chancellor of the university . Prior to her accession , the present Queen did accept several honorary degrees , including an Oxford DCL in 1948 ) . The following other higher institutions also provide for awarding a DCL :
The House of Representatives of the Philippines ( Filipino : Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas , Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Filipinas ) is the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines . It is commonly referred to as Congress and informally referred to as the Cámara or Kamara . Members of the House are officially styled as representative ( Kinatawan ) and sometimes informally called Congressmen or Congresswomen ( mga kongresista ) and are elected to a three-year term . They can be re-elected , but can not serve more than three consecutive terms . Around eighty percent of congressmen are district representatives , representing a particular geographical area . The 18th Congress has 243 legislative districts , each composed of about 250,000 people . There are also party-list representatives elected through the party-list system who constitute not more than twenty percent of the total number of representatives . Aside from needing its agreement to every bill in order to be sent for the President 's signature to become law , the House of Representatives has power to impeach certain officials and all money bills must originate from the lower house . The House of Representatives is headed by the Speaker , currently Alan Peter Cayetano of Taguig-Pateros . The Speaker of the House is the third in the presidential line of succession , after the Vice President and Senate President . The official headquarters of the House of Representatives is at the Batasang Pambansa ( literally , national legislature ) located in the Batasan Hills in Quezon City in Metro Manila . The building is often simply called Batasan and the word has also become a metonym to refer to the House of Representatives .
The Mayor of Manila ( Filipino : Punong Lungsod ng Maynila ) is the head of the executive branch of the Manila 's government . The mayor holds office at Manila City Hall . Like all local government heads in the Philippines , the mayor is elected via popular vote , and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term ( although the former mayor may return to office after an interval of one term ) . In case of death , resignation or incapacity , the vice mayor becomes the mayor .
Alfredo Logronio Benipayo ( born December 10 , 1938 ) is the former Dean of the University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law , the oldest law school in the Philippines . He is a former magistrate and a respected law professor and bar reviewer in the country .
A secondary school is an organization that provides secondary education and the building where this takes place . Some secondary schools provide both lower secondary education and upper secondary education ( levels 2 and 3 of the ISCED scale ) , but these can also be provided in separate schools , as in the American middle and high school system . Secondary schools typically follow on from primary schools and prepare for vocational or tertiary education . Attendance is compulsory in most countries for students until the age of 16 . The organisations , buildings , and terminology are more or less unique in each country .
A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees .
The Supreme Court of the Philippines ( Filipino : Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas ) , colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema , is the highest court in the Philippines . The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11 , 1901 through the enactment of Act No . 136 , an Act which had abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila . The Supreme Court Complex , which was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus , occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila , with the main building directly in front of the Philippine General Hospital . Until 1945 , the Court met in Cavite .
The Commission on Elections
The Office of the Solicitor General of the Philippines ( Filipino : Tanggapan ng Taga-usig Panlahat ) , formerly known as the Bureau of Justice , is an independent and autonomous office attached to the Department of Justice . The Office of the Solicitor General is the law firm of the Republic of the Philippines . The Solicitor General is the principal law officer and legal defender of the Republic of the Philippines . He shall have the authority and responsibility for the exercise of the Office 's mandate and for the discharge of its duties and functions , and shall have supervision and control over the Office and its constituent units . He also determines the legal position that the government will take in the courts and argues in virtually every case in which the government is a party . It is tasked to represent the people of the Philippines , the Philippine government , its agencies , instrumentalities , officials , and agents in any litigation , proceeding , or investigation before the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals . When authorized by the President , he shall also represent government owned or controlled corporations .
The University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law or UST Law ( as distinguished from the Faculty of Canon Law ) , is the law school of the University of Santo Tomas , the oldest and the largest Catholic university in Manila , Philippines . Established in 1734 , it is the first law school in the Philippines . It is one of the Top Performing Law Schools in the Philippine Bar Examinations . The faculty has produced numerous alumni in government , public service and the academe .
Rozzano Rufino Bunoan Biazon ( born March 20 , 1969 ) , better known as Ruffy Biazon , is a Filipino politician and the son of senator Rodolfo Biazon . He is the incumbent Representative of Muntinlupa in the Philippine House of Representatives . Ruffy served as Commissioner of Bureau of Customs from September 16 , 2011 to December 6 , 2013 . He also served in the 12th , 13th and 14th Congress from 2001 to 2010 . In 1991-92 , he also served as a Board Member of the Videogram Regulatory Board . In Congress , he served as Chairman of the Committee on Metro Manila Development , Vice Chairman of the Committee on National Defense and Security , Vice Chairman of the Committee on Information and Communications Technology , Vice Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations and member of the Congressional Oversight Committee on Visiting Forces Agreement . His three terms as legislator was marked by very significant achievements . He was principal author of 8 Republic Acts which includes the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act and the Philippine Coast Guard Act and co-author of 36 others . In his last term in Congress , he filed a total of 81 bills and resolutions , most of which are national in scope . For his exemplary performance as House Representative , Commissioner Biazon was cited by the Philippine Daily Inquirers as one of the most prolific legislators . The Philippine Graphic Magazine also included him as one of the Top 100 Young Leaders of the country and the Philippines Free Press Magazine as an Outstanding Congressman .
Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices , medicines , vaccines , procedures , and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives . This includes pharmaceuticals , devices , procedures , and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry , as well as computer-supported information systems . In the United States , these technologies involve standardized physical objects , as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients . During the last five decades , technology development has been remarkable in the healthcare industry .
Cesar Cortes Climaco ( February 28 , 1916 - November 14 , 1984 ) was a Filipino politician who served as mayor of Zamboanga City for 11 years and three nonconsecutive terms . A prominent critic of the martial law regime of Ferdinand Marcos , he was famed for his toughness in governance and colorful personality . He was also famous for his refusal to cut his hair until democratic rule was restored in the Philippines . He was assassinated by an unknown gunman in 1984 .
An associate degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two or three years . It is a level of qualification between a high school diploma or GED and a bachelor 's degree . The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK ( where they are no longer awarded ) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898 . In the United States , the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor 's degree . Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries .
Zamboanga City , officially the City of Zamboanga ( Chavacano/Spanish : Ciudad de Zamboanga ; , is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Zamboanga Peninsula of the Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 861,799 people . It is the 6th most populous and 3rd largest city by land area in the Philippines . It is the commercial and industrial center of the Zamboanga Peninsula Region . On October 12 , 1936 , Zamboanga became a chartered city under Commonwealth Act No . 39 . It was inaugurated on February 26 , 1937 . Zamboanga City is an independent , chartered city and was designated highly urbanized on November 22 , 1983 . Although geographically separated , and an independent and chartered city , Zamboanga City is grouped with the province of Zamboanga del Sur for statistical purposes , yet governed independently from it .
The Batasang Pambansa ( English : National Assembly ; lit . National Legislature ; often referred to simply as the Batasan ) was the former parliament of the Philippines , established as an interim assembly in 1978 and later as an official body in 1984 . It was the fourth unicameral legislature in Philippine history . Members of the Batasang Pambansa were referred to as Mambabatas Pambansa , ( English : Member of Parliament , literally National Lawmaker ) , shortened to MP , similar to the Westminster system . The Batasan was instituted under the 1973 Constitution promulgated by then-President Ferdinand Marcos , replacing the earlier Congress of the Philippines established by the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution . It was abolished immediately after the People Power Revolution in 1986 , and Congress was restored with the passage of the 1987 Constitution .
Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino , also known as Don Belong ( July 7 , 1864 - October 10 , 1938 ) , was a prominent Filipino politician , writer and labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries . He was the original founder of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente , an independent Philippine national church . He is now known as the Father of Philippine Folklore , the Father of the Philippine Labor Movement , and the Father of Filipino Socialism . As a young man , de los Reyes followed his mother 's footsteps by initially turning to writing as a career ; his works were part of the 1887 Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas in Madrid . :258 He later became a journalist , editor , and publisher in Manila , and was imprisoned in 1897 for revolutionary activities . He was deported to the Kingdom of Spain , where he was jailed for his activities until 1898 . While living and working in Madrid , he was influenced by the writings of European socialists and Marxists . Returning to the Philippines in 1901 , de los Reyes founded the first labor union in the country . He also was active in seeking independence from the United States . After serving in the Philippine Senate in the 1920s , he settled into private life and religious writing . de los Reyes wrote on diverse topics in history , folk-lore , language , politics , and religion . :255 He had a total of 27 children with three successive wives ; he survived all his wives and 12 of his children .
The Philippine Independent Church ( Spanish : Iglesia Filipina Independiente ; Tagalog : Malayang Simbahan ng Pilipinas ; Latin : Libera Ecclesia Philippina ; colloquially called the Aglipayan Church , IFI and PIC ) is an independent Christian denomination in the form of a national church in the Philippines . Its schism from the Roman Catholic Church was proclaimed in 1902 by the members of the Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina , due to the mistreatment of the Filipinos by Spanish priests and the execution of José Rizal during Spanish colonial rule . Isabelo de los Reyes was one of the initiators of the separation , and suggested that former Catholic priest Gregorio Aglipay be the head of the church . It is also known as the Aglipayan Church , after its first Supreme Bishop , Gregorio Aglipay , who like José Rizal , later became a Freemason , in May 1918 . Pope Leo XIII instructed the Archbishop of Manila , Bernardino Nozaleda y Villa to excommunicate those who initiated the schism . Since 1960 the church has been in full communion with the Episcopal Church in the United States , and through it , the entire Anglican Communion . Members commonly believe in the rejection of the exclusivity right to apostolic succession by the Petrine papacy , the allowing of priestly ordination of women , optional clerical celibacy , tolerance of Freemasonry , and support for contraception and same-sex civil rights , however the members of the Church still believe in transubstantiation and the Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist . Many saints canonized by Rome after the 1902 schism are not recognized by the Aglipayan church and its members . As of 2017 [ update ] the Supreme Bishop was Rhee Timbang , whose central office is located at the National Cathedral of the Holy Child in Ermita , Manila .
Jaime Carlos de Veyra ( November 4 , 1873 - March 7 , 1963 ) was a Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Philippine Islands .
The Resident Commissioner of the Philippines was a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives sent by the Philippines from 1907 until its internationally recognized independence in 1946 . It was similar to current non-voting members of Congress such as Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico and delegates from Washington , D.C. , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands and other United States territories . Like current non-voting members , Resident Commissioners could speak and otherwise participate in the business of the House , but did not have full voting rights . Two were sent until 1937 when after the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines , the number was changed to one .
Legal management ( also offered as : legal studies , or paralegal studies ) is an academic and professional discipline that is a hybrid between the study of law and management ( i.e . business administration , public administration , etc. ) . It is generally considered as the best preparatory law program for those who aspire to become members of a bar . Often , alumni of legal management programmes pursue a professional degree in law such as Juris Doctor ( JD ) or Bachelor of Laws ( LL.B . ) while some profess as paralegals , law clerks , political analysts , politicians , public administrators , entrepreneurs , business executives , or pursue careers in the academe . The degree was designed in the Philippines and was first introduced in Ateneo de Manila University in the 1980s by former Philippine Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona . It is also offered in the United States , most notably , at the University of California Berkeley . Legal management student organisations across the Philippines are represented by the Alliance of Legal Management Associations of the Philippines ( ALMAP ) to the Securities and Exchange Commission , as a non-stock , non-profit , student-run corporation . Timothy Caday is the national president of ALMAP for the academic year 2017-2018 .
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students . Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor , clergyman John Harvard , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning . Its history , influence , wealth , and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The Harvard Corporation , chartered in 1650 , is the governing body of Harvard . In its early years , Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy , although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination . Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century , and by the 19th century , Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites . Following the American Civil War , President Charles W. Eliot 's long tenure ( 1869-1909 ) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university ; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900 . A. Lawrence Lowell , who succeeded Eliot , further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard 's land holdings and physical campus . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II ; he began to liberalize admissions after the war . The university is organized into eleven principal academic units - ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study - with campuses throughout Greater Boston : its 209-acre ( 85 ha ) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge , approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Boston ; the business school and many athletics facilities , including Harvard Stadium , are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical , dental , and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area . Harvard 's endowment is worth $ 40.9 billion , making it the largest of any academic institution . Harvard is a large , highly residential research university .
Bulacan ( Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Bulakan ; Kapampangan : Lalawigan ning Bulacan ) ( PSGC : 031400000 ; ISO : PH-BUL ) is a province in the Philippines , located in the Central Luzon Region ( Region III ) in the island of Luzon , 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) north of Manila ( the nation 's capital ) , and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region . Bulacan was established on August 15 , 1578 . It has 569 barangays from 21 municipalities and three component cities ( Malolos the provincial capital , Meycauayan , and San Jose del Monte ) . Bulacan is located immediately north of Metro Manila . Bordering Bulacan are the provinces of Pampanga to the west , Nueva Ecija to the north , Aurora and Quezon to the east , and Metro Manila and Rizal to the south . Bulacan also lies on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay . In the 2015 census , Bulacan had a population of 3,292,071 people , the most populous in Central Luzon and the third most populous in the Philippines , after Cebu and Cavite . Bulacan 's most populated city is San Jose del Monte , the most populated municipality is Santa Maria while the least populated is Doña Remedios Trinidad . In 1899 , the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos was the birthplace of the First Constitutional Democracy in Asia . On November 7 , 2018 , the Provincial Government of Bulacan bagged its fourth Seal of Good Local Governance award . The SGLG award is a progressive assessment system that gives distinction to remarkable governance performance .
Harriet Obias Demetriou is a Filipino lawyer and was the first female Chairperson of the Philippine election commission , the COMELEC , appointed by President Joseph Estrada . She was one of only four women appointed to the Philippine Election Commission . Demetriou , the then-judge of Pasig City regional trial court , was known to the public for handing down the March 1995 verdict against former Calauan , Laguna mayor Antonio Sanchez and six others ( then-PNP Calauan Deputy Chief George Medialdea , Luis Corcolon , Rogelio Boy Corcolon , Zoilo Ama , Baldwin Brion , and Pepito Kawit ) for the rape-slay of 21-year-old Mary Eileen Sarmenta and the killing of 19-year-old Allan Gomez in June 1993 .
The Judicial and Bar Council ( JBC ; Filipino : Sangguniang Panghukuman at Pang-abogasya ) of the Philippines is a constitutionally-created body that recommends appointees for vacancies that may arise in the composition of the Supreme Court , other lower courts , and the Legal Education Board , and in the offices of the Ombudsman , Deputy Ombudsman and the Special Prosecutor .
Luisa Pimentel-Ejercito ( born June 2 , 1930 ) is a Filipino politician and psychiatrist who served as a Senator of the Philippines from 2001 to 2007 . She is the wife of former Philippine President Joseph Ejercito Estrada , and was the twelfth First Spouse of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 . Her son , Jinggoy Ejercito Estrada , was a senator in the 15th Congress of the Philippines .
Doctor of Medicine ( abbreviated M.D. , from the Latin Medicinae Doctor ) is a medical degree , the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions . In the United States , Canada and some other countries , the M.D . denotes a professional graduate degree awarded upon graduation from medical school . In the United States , this generally arose because many in 18th century medical professions trained in Scotland , which used the M.D . degree nomenclature . In England , however , Bachelor of Medicine , Bachelor of Surgery was used and eventually in the 19th century became the standard in Scotland too . Thus , in the United Kingdom , Ireland and other countries , the M.D . is a research doctorate , higher doctorate , honorary doctorate or applied clinical degree restricted to those who already hold a professional degree in medicine ; in those countries , the equivalent professional to the North American and some others use of M.D . is still typically titled Bachelor of Medicine , Bachelor of Surgery ( M.B.B.S . ) .
The first lady or first gentleman of the Philippines ( Filipino : Unang Ginang/Ginoó ng Pilipinas ) is the unofficial , customary title of the host or hostess of Malacañang Palace , the residence of the head of state and head of government of the Philippines . The title is traditionally held by the consort of the president of the Philippines , and as such is used to interchangeably refer to the spouse of the incumbent , however this is n't usually the case especially for presidents without a living spouse at the time of their tenure . The current president Rodrigo Duterte has no designated first lady despite having Cielito Avanceña as his common-law wife . No other family member or any other individual has been designated as the current incumbent 's first lady .
A Bachelor of Commerce ( abbreviated Bcom . or BComm . ; also , baccalaureates commercii ) is an undergraduate degree in commerce ( or business ) and related subjects , usually awarded in Canada , Australia , India , Pakistan , Ireland , New Zealand , South Africa , Myanmar and other Commonwealth countries ; however , the degree is no longer offered in the United Kingdom .
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit . Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets . Due to their importance in the financial stability of a country , banks are highly regulated in most countries . Most nations have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities . In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity , banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards , known as the Basel Accords . Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but in many ways was a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancient world . In the history of banking , a number of banking dynasties - notably , the Medicis , the Fuggers , the Welsers , the Berenbergs , and the Rothschilds - have played a central role over many centuries . The oldest existing retail bank is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena , while the oldest existing merchant bank is Berenberg Bank .
Finance is the study of money and how it is used . Specifically , it deals with the questions of how an individual , company or government acquires the money needed - called capital in the company context - and how they then spend or invest that money . Finance is , correspondingly , often split into three areas : personal finance , corporate finance and public finance . At the same time , finance is about the overall system - i.e . the financial markets that allow the flow of money , via investments and other financial instruments , between and within these areas ; this flow is facilitated by the financial services sector . A major focus within finance is thus investment management - called money management for individuals , and asset management for institutions - and finance then includes the associated activities of securities trading , investment banking , financial engineering , and risk management . More abstractly , finance is concerned with the investment and deployment of assets and liabilities over space and time : i.e . it is about performing valuation and asset allocation today , based on risk and uncertainty of future outcomes , incorporating the time value of money ( determining the present value of these future values , discounting , requires a risk-appropriate discount rate ) . As an academic field , finance theory is studied and developed within the disciplines of management , ( financial ) economics , accountancy and applied mathematics . Correspondingly , given its wide application , there are several related professional qualifications , that can lead to the field . As the debate to whether finance is an art or a science is still open , there have been recent efforts to organize a list of unsolved problems in finance .
The Philippine Department of Trade and Industry ( Filipino : Kagawaran ng Kalakalan at Industriya , abbreviated as DTI ) is the executive department of the Philippine Government tasked as the main economic catalyst that enables innovative , competitive , job generating , inclusive business , and empowers consumers . It acts as catalyst for intensified private sector activity in order to accelerate and sustain economic growth through comprehensive industrial growth strategy , progressive and socially responsible trade liberalization and deregulation programs and policymaking designed for the expansion and diversification of Philippine trade - both domestic and foreign . Department Order No . 19-18 , s. 2019 , laid out the organizational structure of the Department into the following functional groups : Competitiveness and Innovation Group ( CIG ) ; Consumer Protection Group ( CPG ) ; Industry Development and Trade Policy Group ( IDTPG ) ; Management Services Group ( MSG ) ; Regional Operations Group ( ROG ) ; and the Trade Promotions Group ( TPG ) . Its hierarchical organization include 27 foreign trade service posts , 17 regional offices ( including Negros Island Region ) , 87 provincial/city/area offices , 12 bureaus , 4 attached agencies , 7 attached corporations , and 8 services offices . The department is headed by a Secretary ( equivalent to Minister ) and assisted by Undersecretaries ( equivalent to Deputy Minister ) which take charge of certain sub-department each , and Assistant Secretaries which serve as specialized assistants of the Secretary .
Jose Yusay Feria ( January 11 , 1917 - May 8 , 2008 ) was a Filipino lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1986 to 1987 . He was among the first appointees to the Supreme Court of President Corazon Aquino .
An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court , the highest court in the Philippines . The Chief Justice presides over the High Court , but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court . Traditionally , the Chief Justice is deemed primus inter pares ( first among equals ) among the Justices . Until 1973 , only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court . Cecilia Muñoz-Palma , an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos , was the first woman to sit on the Court . Since then , 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court . The most recent woman to be appointed to the high tribunal is Amy Lazaro-Javier , a former Associate Justice of the Court of Appeals of the Philippines .
Cancio C. Garcia ( October 20 , 1937 - October 15 , 2013 ) was a Filipino lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines . He was appointed to the Court on October 6 , 2004 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and retired on October 19 , 2007 .
The Master of Public Administration ( M.P.Adm. , M.P.A. , or MPA ) is a professional graduate degree in public administration , similar to the Master of Business Administration but with an emphasis on the issues of governance .
Raul Maravilla Gonzalez ( December 3 , 1930 - September 7 , 2014 ) was the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel and was the Secretary of Justice of the Philippines . He was replaced by Agnes Devanadera in 2009 from the orders of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo .
Iloilo ( [ ɪlo.ɪlo ] , Hiligaynon : Kapuoran sang Iloilo ; Kinaray-a : Kapuoran kang Iloilo ) is a province located in the region of Western Visayas in the Philippines . Iloilo occupies a major southeast portion of the Visayan island of Panay and is bordered by the province of Antique to the west , Capiz to the north , the Jintotolo Channel to the northeast , the Guimaras Strait to the east , and the Iloilo Strait and Panay Gulf to the southwest . Just off Iloilo 's southeast coast is the island province of Guimaras , once part of Iloilo but now an independent province . Across the Panay Gulf and Guimaras Strait is Negros Occidental , occupying the northwestern half of the larger island of Negros . Iloilo City , its capital , is geographically located in the province but remains politically independent from the provincial government . According to the 2015 census , the population of the province ( excluding Iloilo City ) is 1,936,423 . If Iloilo City is included , the population is 2,361,042 in total .
The Philippine Department of Justice ( Filipino : Kagawaran ng Katarungan , abbreviated as DOJ ) is under the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for upholding the rule of law in the Philippines . It is the government 's principal law agency , serving as its legal counsel and prosecution arm . It has its headquarters at the DOJ Building in Padre Faura Street , Ermita , Manila . The department is led by the Secretary of Justice , nominated by the President of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments . The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet . Duterte named Vitaliano Aguirre II as secretary until his resignation and was replaced by Menardo Guevarra .