List of Phi Kappa Psi brothers
Table:
Name
Original chapter
Initiation
year
Notability
Ref(s)

Henry H. Apple
Pennsylvania Eta
1885
President of Franklin & Marshall College (1910–1935)
[8]

William E. Boggs
South Carolina Alpha
1857
President of the University of Georgia (1889–1898)
[9]

George F. Bovard
Indiana Alpha
1877
President of the University of Southern California (1903–1921)
[10]

Detlev Bronk
Pennsylvania Kappa
1915
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient (1964); a founder (1960) and past President of the World Academy of Art and Science; President of Rockefeller University (1953–1968); President of the National Academy of Sciences (1950–1962); President of Johns Hopkins University (1949–1953); credited with formulating the modern theory of the science of biophysics; allegedly a member of the Majestic 12
[11]

Luther P. Eisenhart
Pennsylvania Epsilon
1893
Dod Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University (1929–1945)
[12]

Frank Fetter
Indiana Beta
1879
Prominent economist of the Austrian School; President of the American Economic Association (1913)
[13]

Herbert S. Hadley
Kansas Alpha
1888
Chancellor of Washington University (1923–1927); Governor of Missouri (1909–1913)
[14]

Thomas H. Hamilton
Indiana Alpha
1933
President of the University of Hawaii (1963–1967); President of the State University of New York (1959–1962)
[15]

David C. Hardesty, Jr.
West Virginia Alpha
1964
President of West Virginia University (1995–2007); Rhodes Scholar (1967)
[16]

Charles Homer Haskins
Pennsylvania Beta
1883
One of three advisors to President Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919, medieval historian at Harvard University (1912–1931)
[17]

Edmund J. James
Illinois Alpha
1879
President of the University of Illinois (1904–1920); founder and President of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (1889–1895)
[18]

Timothy R. Lannon
Nebraska Beta
1970
President of Creighton University (2011–2015); President of Saint Joseph's University (2003–2011)
[19]

Leverett S. Lyon
Wisconsin Gamma
1906
Economist, lawyer, and business executive; CEO of the Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry (1939–1954); Executive vice-president of the Brookings Institution (1932–1939); Dean of Washington University's School of Commerce and Finance (1923–1925); 25th President of Phi Kappa Psi (1936–1938)
[20]

John McBryde
South Carolina Alpha
1859
President of Virginia Tech (1891–1907); President of the University of South Carolina (1883–1891)
[9]

Ernest Merritt
New York Alpha
1885
Physicist; chair of Cornell's Physics department (1919–1935); president of the American Physical Society (1914–1916); first dean of Cornell's Graduate School (1909–1914); co-founder of Physical Review (1893)
[21]

Paul M. O'Leary
Kansas Alpha
1919
Economist; first dean of the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management; member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Brain Trust
[22]

John W. Oswald
Indiana Alpha
1935
President of Pennsylvania State University (1970–1983); Executive Vice President of the University of California (1968–1970); President of the University of Kentucky (1963–1968)
[23]

Boyd C. Patterson
Pennsylvania Alpha
1921
President of Washington & Jefferson College (1950–1970)
[24]

Edwin W. Pauley
California Gamma
1920
University of California Regent (1940–1972); Democratic National Committee Treasurer (1930s–1940s); namesake of the Pauley Pavilion (sports arena at UCLA)
[25]

Looking at the provided table and the supporting text listed.

Respond to the question below: Which original chapter was the fourth president of the University of Southern California a member of ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

Henry Harbaugh Apple ( November 8 , 1869 - 1943 ) was an American clergyman and educator born in Mercersburg , Pennsylvania . He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1889 and from the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in 1892 . Ordained to the ministry of his denomination , he became pastor of St. John 's Church in Philadelphia ( 1892 ) and of Trinity Church in York , Pennsylvania . In 1905 he was president of the Potomac Synod of the Reformed Church . In 1909 he was chosen president of Franklin and Marshall College .
Franklin & Marshall College ( F & M ) is a private residential liberal arts college in Lancaster , Pennsylvania . It employs 175 full-time faculty members and has a student body of approximately 2,400 full-time students .
William Ellison Boggs ( May 12 , 1838 - August 20 , 1920 ) , born in Ahmedunggar , India , was chancellor of the University of Georgia ( UGA ) in Athens , Georgia , United States from 1889 until his resignation in 1898 ( The head of the University was referred to as chancellor instead of president , from 1860 until 1932 ) . Boggs obtained a B.A . from South Carolina College in 1859 and his Doctor of Divinity , ( D.D . ) from Columbia Theological Seminary in 1862 . Boggs died on August 20 , 1920 , in Baltimore , Maryland and is buried in Waynesville , North Carolina . [ citation needed ] He was the father of Gilbert Hillhouse Boggs , who was deeply involved with Georgia Tech 's Chemistry Department .
The University of South Carolina ( USC , UofSC , SC , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Columbia , South Carolina . It has seven satellite campuses throughout the state and its main campus covers over 359 acres ( 145 ha ) in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities with Highest Research Activity . It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland , and the world 's largest Ernest Hemingway collection . Founded in 1801 as South Carolina College , USC is the flagship institution of the University of South Carolina System and offers more than 350 programs of study , leading to bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees from fourteen degree-granting colleges and schools . The University of South Carolina has a total enrollment of approximately 52,000 students , with over 35,000 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2019 - making it the largest university in the Carolinas . USC also has several thousand future students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges . Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business , engineering , law , medicine , pharmacy , and social work .
The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) .
George Finley Bovard ( August 8 , 1856 - September 24 , 1932 ) was the fourth president of the University of Southern California , serving from 1903 to 1921 . Bovard administration building is named after him . His brother , Marion McKinley Bovard , was the university 's first president .
DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .
The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 .
Detlev Wulf Bronk ( August 13 , 1897 - November 17 , 1975 ) was a prominent American scientist , educator , and administrator . He is credited with establishing biophysics as a recognized discipline . Bronk served as President of Johns Hopkins University from 1949 to 1953 and as President of The Rockefeller University from 1953 to 1968 . Bronk also held the presidency of the National Academy of Sciences between 1950 and 1962 .
Swarthmore College ( /ˈswɔːrθmɔːr/ , locally [ swɑθ- ] ) is a private liberal arts college in Swarthmore , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1864 , with its first classes being held in 1869 , Swarthmore was one of the earliest coeducational colleges in the United States . It was established to be a college .under the care of Friends , at which an education may be obtained equal to that of the best institutions of learning in our country . By 1906 , Swarthmore had dropped its religious affiliation and became officially non-sectarian . Swarthmore is a member of the Tri-College Consortium along with Bryn Mawr and Haverford College , a cooperative academic arrangement between the three schools . Swarthmore is also affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania through the Quaker Consortium , which allows for students to cross-register for classes at all four institutions . Swarthmore offers over 600 courses a year in more than 40 areas of study , including an ABET accredited engineering program which culminates with a Bachelor of Science in engineering . Swarthmore has a variety of sporting teams with a total of 22 Division III Varsity Intercollegiate Sports Teams and competes in the Centennial Conference , a group of private colleges in Pennsylvania and Maryland . Despite the school 's small size , Swarthmore alumni have attained prominence in a broad range of fields . Graduates include five Nobel Prize winners ( as of 2016 , the third-highest number of Nobel Prize winners per graduate in the U.S. ) , 11 MacArthur Foundation fellows , 30 Rhodes Scholars , 27 Truman Scholars , 10 Marshall Scholars , 201 Fulbright Grantees , and many noteworthy figures in law , art , science , academia , business , politics , and other fields .
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the United States . The Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal are the highest civilian awards of the United States . The presidential medal seeks to recognize those people who have made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States , world peace , cultural or other significant public or private endeavors . The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and , while it is a civilian award , it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform . It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy , superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II .
The World Academy of Art and Science ( WAAS ) is an international non-governmental scientific organization , a world network of more than 700 individual fellows from more than 80 countries . Fellows are elected for distinguished accomplishments in the sciences , arts and the humanities . The Academy strives to promote the growth of knowledge , enhance public awareness of the social consequences and policy implications of that growth , and provide leadership in thought that leads to action . The spirit of the academy can be expressed in the words of Albert Einstein The creations of our mind shall be a blessing and not a curse to mankind .
The Rockefeller University is a private graduate university in New York City . It focuses primarily on the biological and medical sciences and provides doctoral and postdoctoral education . Rockefeller is the oldest biomedical research institute in the United States . The 82-person faculty ( tenured and tenure-track , as of 2018 ) has 37 members of the National Academy of Sciences , 17 members of the National Academy of Medicine , seven Lasker Award recipients , and five Nobel laureates . As of October 2019 , a total of 36 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Rockefeller University . The university is located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , between 63rd and 68th streets on York Avenue . Richard P. Lifton became the university 's eleventh president on September 1 , 2016 . The Rockefeller University Press publishes the Journal of Experimental Medicine , the Journal of Cell Biology , and The Journal of General Physiology .
The National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) is a United States nonprofit , non-governmental organization . NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine , along with the National Academy of Engineering ( NAE ) and the National Academy of Medicine ( NAM ) . As a national academy , new members of the organization are elected annually by current members , based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research . Election to the National Academy is one of the highest honors in the scientific field . Members of the National Academy of Sciences serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science , engineering , and medicine . The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Founded in 1863 as a result of an Act of Congress that was approved by Abraham Lincoln , the NAS is charged with providing independent , objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology . … to provide scientific advice to the government 'whenever called upon ' by any government department . The Academy receives no compensation from the government for its services .
Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore , Maryland . Founded in 1876 , the university was named for its first benefactor , the American entrepreneur , abolitionist , and philanthropist Johns Hopkins . His $ 7 million bequest ( approximately $ 147.5 million in today 's dollars ) - of which half financed the establishment of Johns Hopkins Hospital - was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time . Daniel Coit Gilman , who was inaugurated as the institution 's first president on February 22 , 1876 , led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research . Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany 's ancient Heidelberg University , Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States . Over the course of several decades , the university has led all U.S. universities in annual research and development expenditures . In fiscal year 2016 , Johns Hopkins spent nearly $ 2.5 billion on research . The university has additional graduate campuses in Italy , China , and Washington , D.C. , in addition to its main campus in Baltimore , Maryland . The university has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top universities in the world . Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington , D.C. , with international centers in Italy and China . The two undergraduate divisions , the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering , are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore 's Charles Village neighborhood . The medical school , the nursing school , and the Bloomberg School of Public Health are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore .
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena . Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization , from molecular to organismic and populations . Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry , molecular biology , physical chemistry , physiology , nanotechnology , bioengineering , computational biology , biomechanics , developmental biology and systems biology . The term biophysics was originally introduced by Karl Pearson in 1892 . Ambiguously , the term biophysics is also regularly used in academia to indicate the study of the physical quantities ( e.g . electric current , temperature , stress , entropy ) in biological systems , which is , by definition , performed by physiology . Nevertheless , other biological sciences also perform research on the biophysical properties of living organisms including molecular biology , cell biology , biophysics , and biochemistry .
Majestic 12 ( or MJ-12 ) is a purported organization that appears in UFO conspiracy theories . The organization is claimed to be the code name of an alleged secret committee of scientists , military leaders , and government officials , formed in 1947 by an executive order by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to facilitate recovery and investigation of alien spacecraft . The concept originated in a series of supposedly leaked secret government documents first circulated by ufologists in 1984 . Upon examination , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) declared the documents to be completely bogus , and many ufologists consider them to be an elaborate hoax . Majestic 12 remains popular among some UFO conspiracy theorists and the concept has appeared in popular culture including television , film and literature .
Luther Pfahler Eisenhart ( 13 January 1876 - 28 October 1965 ) was an American mathematician , best known today for his contributions to semi-Riemannian geometry .
Gettysburg College is a private liberal arts college in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1832 , the 225-acre ( 91 ha ) campus is adjacent to the Gettysburg Battlefield . Gettysburg College has about 2,600 students , with roughly equal numbers of men and women . Gettysburg students come from 41 states , Washington , D.C. , and 39 countries . The school hosts 24 NCAA Division III men 's and women 's teams , known as the Bullets , and many club , intramural , and recreational programs . The college is also the home of The Gettysburg Review , a literary magazine .
Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton , New Jersey . Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey , Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . [ a ] The institution moved to Newark in 1747 , then to the current site nine years later , and renamed itself Princeton University in 1896 . Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities , social sciences , natural sciences , and engineering . It offers professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs , the School of Engineering and Applied Science , the School of Architecture and the Bendheim Center for Finance . The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study , Princeton Theological Seminary and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University . [ b ] Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States . From 2001 to 2018 , Princeton University was ranked either first or second among national universities by U.S. News & World Report , holding the top spot for 16 of those 18 years . As of November 2019 , 68 Nobel laureates , 15 Fields Medalists and 13 Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni , faculty members or researchers . In addition , Princeton has been associated with 21 National Medal of Science winners , 5 Abel Prize winners , 5 National Humanities Medal recipients , 209 Rhodes Scholars , 139 Gates Cambridge Scholars and 126 Marshall Scholars . Two U.S. Presidents , twelve U.S. Supreme Court Justices ( three of whom currently serve on the court ) and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton 's alumni body . Princeton has also graduated many prominent members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S .
Frank Albert Fetter ( /ˈfɛtər/ ; March 8 , 1863 - March 21 , 1949 ) was an American economist of the Austrian School . Fetter 's treatise , The Principles of Economics , contributed to an increased American interest in the Austrian School , including the theories of Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk , Friedrich von Wieser , Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek . Fetter notably debated Alfred Marshall , presenting a theoretical reassessment of land as capital . Fetter 's arguments have been credited with prompting mainstream economists to abandon the Georgist idea that land is a unique factor of production and hence that there is any special need for a special theory of ground rent . A proponent of the subjective theory of value , Fetter emphasized the importance of time preference and rebuffed Irving Fisher for abandoning the pure time preference theory of interest that Fisher had earlier espoused in his 1907 book , The Rate of Interest .
Indiana University Bloomington ( IU Bloomington , IU , or simply Indiana ) is a public research university in Bloomington , Indiana . It is the flagship institution of the Indiana University system and , with over 40,000 students , its largest university . Indiana University is a Public Ivy university and consistently ranks in the top 100 national universities in the U.S. and among the top 50 public universities . It is a member of the Association of American Universities and has numerous schools and programs , including the Jacobs School of Music , the Luddy School of Informatics , Computing , and Engineering , the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs , the Kelley School of Business , the School of Public Health , the School of Nursing , the School of Optometry , the Maurer School of Law , the School of Education , the Media School , and the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies . As of Fall 2017 , 43,710 students attend Indiana University . While 55.1% of the student body was from Indiana , students from all 50 states , Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico and 165 countries were also enrolled . As of 2018 [ update ] , the average ACT score is a 28 and an SAT score of 1276 . The university is home to an extensive student life program , with more than 750 student organizations on campus and with around 17 percent of undergraduates joining the Greek system . Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference ; since it does not have a mascot , all teams are known simply as Hoosiers . Indiana 's faculty , staff , and alumni include nine Nobel laureates , 17 Rhodes Scholars , 17 Marshall Scholars , and five MacArthur Fellows . In addition , students and alumni have won six Academy Awards , 49 Grammy Awards , 32 Emmy Awards , 20 Pulitzer Prizes , four Tony Awards , and 104 Olympic medals ( 55 gold , 17 silver , and 32 bronze ) .
The Austrian School is a heterodox school of economic thought that is based on methodological individualism - the concept that social phenomena result exclusively from the motivations and actions of individuals . The Austrian School originated in late-19th and early-20th century Vienna with the work of Carl Menger , Eugen Böhm von Bawerk , Friedrich von Wieser and others . It was methodologically opposed to the Prussian Historical School ( in a dispute known as Methodenstreit ) . Current-day economists working in this tradition are located in many different countries , but their work is still referred to as Austrian economics . Among the theoretical contributions of the early years of the Austrian School are the subjective theory of value , marginalism in price theory and the formulation of the economic calculation problem , each of which has become an accepted part of mainstream economics . Since the mid-20th century , mainstream economists have been critical of the modern day Austrian School and consider its rejection of mathematical modelling , econometrics and macroeconomic analysis to be outside mainstream economics , or heterodox . Although the Austrian School has been considered heterodox since the late 1930s , it attracted renewed interest in the 1970s after Friedrich Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences .
Herbert Spencer Hadley ( February 20 , 1872 - December 1 , 1927 ) was an American lawyer and a Republican Party politician from St. Louis , Missouri . Born in Olathe , Kansas , he was Missouri Attorney General from 1905 to 1909 and in 1908 was elected the 32nd Governor of Missouri , serving one term from 1909 to 1913 . As Attorney General , he successfully prosecuted Standard Oil Company for violating Missouri antitrust law .
The University of Kansas ( KU ) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence , Kansas , and several satellite campuses , research and educational centers , medical centers , and classes across the state of Kansas . Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side : the university 's medical school and hospital in Kansas City , the Edwards Campus in Overland Park , and a hospital and research center in the state 's capital of Topeka . There are also educational and research sites in Garden City , Hays , Leavenworth , Parsons , and Topeka , and branches of the medical school in Salina and Wichita . The university is a member of the Association of American Universities . Founded March 21 , 1865 , the university was opened in 1866 , under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 and legislation passed in 1863 under the State Constitution , which was adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union . Disputes over Kansas ' establishment as a free or slaveholding state prior to admission to the union prompted an internal civil war known as Bleeding Kansas during the 1850s . Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 28,401 students in 2016 ; an additional 3,383 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for an enrollment of 28,091 students across the three campuses . The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015 . Kansas 's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I sports as the Jayhawks , as members of the Big 12 Conference . They field 16 varsity sports , as well as club-level sports for ice hockey , rugby , and men 's volleyball .
Washington University in St. Louis ( WashU , or WUSTL ) is a private research university in Greater St. Louis with its main campus mostly in unincorporated St. Louis County , Missouri and Clayton , Missouri , its West Campus in Clayton , its North Campus in the West End neighborhood of St. Louis , Missouri , and its Medical Campus in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis , Missouri . Founded in 1853 , and named after George Washington , the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries . As of 2017 , 24 Nobel laureates in economics , physiology and medicine , chemistry , and physics have been affiliated with Washington University , nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university . Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields . To prevent confusion over its location , the Board of Trustees added the phrase in St. Louis in 1976 .
Following is a list of Governors of Missouri since its territory became part of the United States .
Thomas Hale Hamilton ( August 4 , 1914 - December 25 , 1979 ) was an American academic administrator who served as president of the State University of New York and the University of Hawaii . A native of Marion , Indiana , Hamilton received his A.B . ( 1936 ) from DePauw University and his A.M. ( 1940 ) and Ph.D. ( 1947 ) from the University of Chicago . While a student at DePauw , he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . He headed the State University of New York system from 1959 , leaving in 1963 to assume the Presidency of the University of Hawaii . Hamilton resigned his presidency in Hawaii over a tenure scandal in 1967 . Thomas Hamilton married the former Virginia Prindiville on June 1 , 1940 and raised a son and a daughter . He died in Honolulu at the age of 65 . The University of Hawaii 's Hamilton Library is named in his honor .
The University of Hawaiʻi system ( formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH ) is a public college and university system that confers associate , bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees through three university campuses , seven community college campuses , an employment training center , three university centers , four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the state of Hawaiʻi in the United States . All schools of the University of Hawaiʻi system are accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges . The U.H . system 's main administrative offices are located on the property of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in Honolulu CDP .
The State University of New York ( SUNY /ˈsuːni/ ) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York . It is the largest comprehensive system of universities , colleges , and community colleges in the United States , with a total enrollment of 424,051 students , plus 2,195,082 adult education students , spanning 64 campuses across the state . Led by Chancellor Kristina M. Johnson , the SUNY system has 91,182 employees , including 32,496 faculty members , and some 7,660 degree and certificate programs overall and a $ 10.7 billion budget . SUNY includes many institutions and four university Centers : Albany ( 1844 ) , Binghamton ( 1946 ) , Buffalo ( 1846 ) , and Stony Brook ( 1957 ) . SUNY 's administrative offices are in Albany , the state 's capital , with satellite offices in Manhattan and Washington , D.C. SUNY 's largest campus is the University at Buffalo , which also has the greatest endowment and research funding . The State University of New York was established in 1948 by Governor Thomas E. Dewey , through legislative implementation of recommendations made by the Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University ( 1946-1948 ) . The Commission was chaired by Owen D. Young , who was at the time Chairman of General Electric . The system was greatly expanded during the administration of Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller , who took a personal interest in design and construction of new SUNY facilities across the state . Apart from units of the City University of New York ( CUNY ) , SUNY comprises all other institutions of higher education statewide that are state-supported . ( SUNY and CUNY are completely separate systems . )
David C. Hardesty Jr. is an American lawyer and educator who was the 21st president of West Virginia University from 1995 to 2007 . As an undergraduate student at West Virginia University , Hardesty was Student Body President , a member of Phi Kappa Psi , and a Rhodes Scholar . Hardesty earned J.D . from Harvard Law School in 1973 , and a B.A . from Oxford University in 1969 which was redesignated an M.A . in 1983 . He was a partner with Bowles , Rice , McDavid , Graff & Love from 1973 to 1995 , and served as the Tax Commissioner of West Virginia from 1977 to 1980 . Hardesty then began his twelve-year tenure as president of WVU . He is currently president emeritus and professor of law at West Virginia University .
West Virginia University ( WVU ) is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Morgantown , West Virginia . Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley , Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser , and a second clinical campus for the university 's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston . WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia 's 55 counties . Enrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus , while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959 . The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools . Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni , including former WVU president David C. Hardesty , Jr . The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars , 24 Truman Scholars , and five members ( & 11 academic team honorees ) of USA Today 's All - USA College Academic First Team . Additionally , WVU has had three George C. Marshall ( British ) Scholars , five Morris K. Udall Scholars , 26 Boren Scholars , 63 Gilman Scholars , 64 Fulbright Scholars , three Department of Homeland Security Scholars , 32 Critical Language Scholars , one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar , five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships , and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships .
The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford . It was established in 1902 , making it the first large-scale programme of international scholarship . The Rhodes Scholarship was founded by English businessman and politician Cecil John Rhodes , to promote unity between English-speaking nations and instill a sense of civic-minded leadership and moral fortitude in future leaders irrespective of their chosen career paths . Although initially restricted to male applicants from countries which are today within the British Commonwealth , as well as Germany and the United States , today the scholarship is open to applicants from all backgrounds and from across the globe . Since its creation , controversy has surrounded both its former exclusion of women ( thus leading to the establishment of the co-educational Marshall Scholarship ) , and Rhodes ' white supremacist beliefs and legacy of colonialism . Prominent recipients of the Rhodes Scholarship include politicians , academics , scientists , authors and entrepreneurs . Notable American politicians include former president of the United States Bill Clinton , former United States national security advisor and United States ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice , former governor of Louisiana Piyush Bobby Jindal , former United States secretary of the Air Force and former congresswoman Heather Wilson , and former United States secretary of health and human services Sylvia Matthews Burwell . President of Pakistan Wasim Sajjad ; former prime minister of Malta Dom Mintoff ; former Australian prime ministers Tony Abbott , Bob Hawke and Malcolm Turnbull ; and the current deputy prime minister of Canada , Chrystia Freeland are also Rhodes Scholars . Other notable Rhodes Scholars include journalist and American television host Rachel Maddow , author Naomi Wolf , former 2020 presidential candidate and New Jersey senator Cory Booker , 2020 presidential candidate and former mayor of South Bend Pete Buttigieg , former president of Planned Parenthood Leana Wen , Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ronan Farrow , and president of the Walmart Foundation Kathleen McLaughlin . The current Warden and CEO of the Rhodes Trust , Elizabeth Kiss , is also a Rhodes Scholar . Some people offered this scholarship have not accepted it , including Sir Alimuddin Zumla , who declined the scholarship as a teenager to study medicine .
Charles Homer Haskins ( December 21 , 1870 - May 14 , 1937 ) was a history professor at Harvard University . He was an American historian of the Middle Ages , and advisor to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson . He is widely recognized as the first academic medieval historian in the United States .
Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1815 , Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains . It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference and it is regionally accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education .
Thomas Woodrow Wilson ( December 28 , 1856 - February 3 , 1924 ) was an American politician , lawyer , and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 . A member of the Democratic Party , Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election . As president , he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933 . He also led the United States into World War I in 1917 , establishing an activist foreign policy known as Wilsonianism . He was the leading architect of the League of Nations . Wilson spent his early years in the American South ( mainly in Augusta , Georgia ) during the Civil War and Reconstruction . After earning a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University , Wilson taught at various schools before becoming the president of Princeton University . As governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913 , Wilson broke with party bosses and won the passage of several progressive reforms . His success in New Jersey gave him a national reputation as a progressive reformer , and he won the presidential nomination at the 1912 Democratic National Convention . Wilson defeated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and Progressive Party nominee Theodore Roosevelt to win the 1912 presidential election , becoming the first Southerner to be elected president since the American Civil War . During his first term , Wilson presided over the passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda . His first major priority was the passage of the Revenue Act of 1913 , which lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax .
The Paris Peace Conference , also known as the Versailles Peace Conference , was the meeting in 1919 and 1920 of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers . The conference involved diplomats from 32 countries and nationalities , and its major decisions were the creation of the League of Nations , as well as the five peace treaties with the defeated states ; the awarding of German and Ottoman overseas possessions as mandates , chiefly to Britain and France ; the imposition of reparations upon Germany ; and the drawing of new national boundaries ( sometimes with plebiscites ) to better reflect ethnic boundaries . The main result was the Treaty of Versailles with Germany , which in section 231 laid the guilt for the war on the aggression of Germany and her allies . This provision proved humiliating for Germany and set the stage for the expensive reparations Germany was intended to pay ( it paid only a small portion before reparations ended in 1931 ) . The five major powers ( France , Britain , Italy , Japan and the United States ) controlled the Conference . The Big Four were French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau , British Prime Minister David Lloyd George , US President Woodrow Wilson , and Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando . They met informally 145 times and made all the major decisions , which were then ratified . The conference began on 18 January 1919 . With respect to its end date , Professor Michael Neiberg has noted Although the senior statesmen stopped working personally on the conference in June 1919 , the formal peace process did not really end until July 1923 , when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed . Although it is often referred to as the Versailles Conference , only the signing of the first treaty took place at the historic palace , and the negotiations occurred at the Quai d'Orsay in Paris .
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students . Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor , clergyman John Harvard , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning . Its history , influence , wealth , and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The Harvard Corporation , chartered in 1650 , is the governing body of Harvard . In its early years , Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy , although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination . Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century , and by the 19th century , Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites . Following the American Civil War , President Charles W. Eliot 's long tenure ( 1869-1909 ) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university ; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900 . A. Lawrence Lowell , who succeeded Eliot , further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard 's land holdings and physical campus . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II ; he began to liberalize admissions after the war . The university is organized into eleven principal academic units - ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study - with campuses throughout Greater Boston : its 209-acre ( 85 ha ) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge , approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Boston ; the business school and many athletics facilities , including Harvard Stadium , are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical , dental , and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area . Harvard 's endowment is worth $ 40.9 billion , making it the largest of any academic institution . Harvard is a large , highly residential research university .
Edmund Janes James ( May 21 , 1855 - June 17 , 1925 ) was an American academic , president of the University of Illinois from 1904 to 1920 , and the primary founder , first president and first editor for the American Academy of Political and Social Science . James was born in Illinois and attended both Northwestern University and Harvard before receiving his doctorate in political economy from the University of Halle in 1877 . Upon his return to the United States he received an appointment as a high school principal . In 1883 , James was appointed at the University of Pennsylvania as professor of public finance and administration . It was there that he became the director of the Wharton School of Finance and Economy . While in Philadelphia , James organized the American Academy of Political and Social Science to foster research to help solve important social problems . In 1893 , James left Philadelphia to accept a professorship in public administration and directorship of the university 's extension program at the University of Chicago . In January 1902 , he accepted the presidency of Northwestern University , but quickly became disenchanted with the school 's lack of foresight:37 and began negotiations with the University of Illinois , where he became president in 1904 . In 1919 , James fell ill and took a leave of absence from the university . In 1920 , he permanently retired . :67
Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication .
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ( U of I , Illinois , UIllinois , or colloquially the University of Illinois or UIUC ) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana . It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867 . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified as a R1 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes the highest research activity . In fiscal year 2017 , research expenditures at Illinois totaled $ 642 million . The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University . The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA ) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus . The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study . The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres ( 2,578 ha ) and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $ 2 billion . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations , including Abbott , AbbVie , Caterpillar , Capital One , Dow , State Farm , and Yahoo , among others . As of October 2018 [ update ] , 30 Nobel laureates , 2 Turing Award winners , and 1 Fields medalist have been affiliated with the university as alumni , faculty members , or researchers .
The American Academy of Political and Social Science was founded in 1889 to promote progress in the social sciences . Sparked by Professor Edmund J. James and drawing from members of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania , Swarthmore College , and Bryn Mawr College , the Academy sought to establish communication between scientific thought and practical effort . The goal of its founders was to foster , across disciplines , important questions in the realm of social sciences , and to promote the work of those whose research aimed to address important social problems . Today the AAPSS is headquartered at the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and aims to offer interdisciplinary perspectives on important social issues .
Timothy Ryan Lannon , S.J . was the 24th president of Creighton University from July 1 , 2011 to January 20 , 2015 . He was previously the president of Saint Joseph 's University .
Creighton University is a private , Jesuit university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1878 , the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university enrolls 8,393 graduate and undergraduate students on a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) campus just outside Omaha 's downtown business district .
Saint Joseph 's University ( SJU or St. Joe 's ) is a private Jesuit university in Philadelphia and Lower Merion , Pennsylvania . The university was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1851 as Saint Joseph 's College . Saint Joseph 's is the seventh oldest Jesuit university in the United States and one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities . Saint Joseph 's University educates over 9,200 undergraduate , graduate , and doctoral students each year through the Erivan K. Haub School of Business , the College of Arts and Sciences , the Program of Professional & Liberal Studies , and the Haub Degree Completion Program . The University offers over 60 undergraduate majors , 53 graduate programs , 28 study-abroad programs , 12 special-study options , a co-op program , a joint degree program with Thomas Jefferson University , and an Ed.D . in Educational Leadership . It has 17 centers and institutes , including the Kinney Center for Autism Education & Support and the Pedro Arrupe Center for Business Ethics . St. Joe 's athletics teams , the Hawks , are an NCAA Division I program , competing in the Atlantic-10 Conference and Philadelphia 's Big 5 . The official colors of the university are crimson and gray . The school mascot is the Hawk , which never stops flapping its wings while in costume .
Leverett Samuel Lyon ( December 11 , 1885 - 1959 ) was an American economist , lawyer and business executive , known for his works on education , government , marketing , and economic life , and particularly on the National Recovery Administration .
Beloit College is a private liberal arts college in Beloit , Wisconsin . Founded in 1846 , while the state of Wisconsin was still a territory , it is the oldest continuously operated college in the state . It is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest and has an enrollment of roughly 1,402 undergraduate students .
The Brookings Institution is an American research group founded in 1916 on Think Tank Row in Washington , D.C . It conducts research and education in the social sciences , primarily in economics ( and tax policy ) , metropolitan policy , governance , foreign policy , global economy , and economic development . Its stated mission is to provide innovative and practical recommendations that advance three broad goals : strengthen American democracy ; foster the economic and social welfare , security and opportunity of all Americans ; and secure a more open , safe , prosperous , and cooperative international system . Brookings has five research programs at its Washington , D.C. campus ( Economic Studies , Foreign Policy , Governance Studies , Global Economy and Development , and Metropolitan Policy ) and three international centers based in Doha , Qatar ( Brookings Doha Center ) ; Beijing , China ( Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy ) ; and New Delhi , India ( Brookings India ) . The University of Pennsylvania 's Global Go To Think Tank Index Report has named Brookings Think Tank of the Year and Top Think Tank in the World every year since 2008 . The Economist describes Brookings as perhaps Americas most prestigious think-tank . Brookings states that its staff represent diverse points of view and describes itself as non-partisan , and various media outlets have alternately described Brookings as conservative , centrist or liberal . An academic analysis of Congressional records from 1993 to 2002 found that Brookings was referred to by conservative politicians almost as frequently as liberal politicians , earning a score of 53 on a 1-100 scale with 100 representing the most liberal score . The same study found Brookings to be the most frequently cited think tank by the U.S. media and politicians .
John McLaren McBryde ( January 1 , 1841 - March 20 , 1923 ) was the fifth president of Virginia Tech , serving from July 1 , 1891 to September 1 , 1907 . McBryde was born in Abbeville , South Carolina . He entered South Carolina College in 1858 at age 17 before going on to the University of Virginia . In 1861 , he returned to Abbeville where he joined the Confederate Army . McBryde was present at the opening bombardment of Fort Sumter , South Carolina and fought in a Virginia cavalry unit . He later served as division chief of the Confederate War Tax Office in Richmond Virginia . After the war until 1867 , McBryde farmed in Buckingham County , Virginia until he moved to large farm near Charlottesville , Virginia . McBryde then went to teach at South Carolina College where he served as faculty chair and then as president from 1883-1891 . McBryde also served as assistant Secretary of Agriculture under President Grover Cleveland . During McBryde 's 16-year tenure as President of Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical College , the college expanded greatly . McByrde expanded the curriculum to include seven bachelor 's degrees in Agriculture , Horticulture , Applied Chemistry , General Science , Civil Engineering , Mechanical Engineering , and Electrical Engineering and founded a graduate department in 1891 . The new curriculum no longer reflected the name of the college and in 1896 the Virginia General Assembly changed the college 's name to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute , shortened in popular usage to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and then to VPI .
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , commonly known as Virginia Tech and by the initials VT and VPI , is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Blacksburg , Virginia . It also has educational facilities in six regions statewide and a study-abroad site in Riva San Vitale , Switzerland . Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program , Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the United States . Virginia Tech offers 280 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to some 34,400 students and manages a research portfolio of $ 522 million , placing it 46th among universities in the U.S. for research expenditures and the only Virginia school listed among the top 50 . Virginia Tech is the state 's second-largest public university by enrollment . The deadliest mass shooting on an American college campus occurred on campus in 2007 , during which a student fatally shot 32 other students and faculty members and wounded 23 other people .
Ernest George Merritt ( April 28 , 1865 - June 5 , 1948 ) was Dean of the Graduate School , Cornell University ; Chair of the Physics Department .
Cornell University ( /kɔːrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge - from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell 's founding principle , a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation : I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study . The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus , with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy . The university also administers two satellite medical campuses , one in New York City and one in Education City , Qatar , and Cornell Tech , a graduate program that incorporates technology , business , and creative thinking . The program moved from Google 's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017 . Cornell is one of ten private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York . [ note 1 ] Of its seven undergraduate colleges , three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school . Of Cornell 's graduate schools , only the veterinary college is state-supported . As a land grant college , Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions . The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres , but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens ( more than 4,300 acres ) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered . As of October 2019 , 59 Nobel laureates , four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University .
The American Physical Society ( APS ) publishes more than a dozen scientific journals , including the prestigious Physical Review and Physical Review Letters , and organizes more than twenty science meetings each year . APS is a member society of the American Institute of Physics . Kate Kirby is APS 's current chief executive officer . She took on the role on in February 2015 .
The Cornell University Graduate School confers most professional and research master 's degrees and doctoral degrees in various fields of study for the university . The departments under which instruction and research take place are housed in Cornell 's other schools and colleges . The administrative offices for the Graduate School are located in Caldwell Hall , on the Ag Quad . For decades , the Graduate School was housed in Sage Hall which also included social areas and dormitory rooms for graduate students . The Graduate School does not have a faculty . Instead , it organizes the faculty of other colleges into fields representing distinct subject areas . Students apply for admission to a specific field , although once admitted , students are not limited to that field when selecting courses or faculty to serve of the committee supervising the student 's research . The Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management , Cornell Law School , and Cornell Veterinary School also confer graduate degrees , but not PhD degrees . The Weill Cornell Medical School and the Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program have authority to confer PhD degrees independent of the Graduate School . At one time , Cornell established a Graduate School of Aerospace Engineering and a Graduate School of Nutrition that were independent of the centralized Graduate School . However , both institutions have been absorbed into other academic units . As of 2009-2010 , the tuition for the Graduate School is $ 29,500 for fields in the endowed colleges and $ 20,800 for fields in the statutory colleges .
Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols . It publishes original research as well as scientific and literature reviews on all aspects of physics . It is published by the American Physical Society ( APS ) . The journal is in its third series , and is split in several sub-journals each covering a particular field of physics . It has a sister journal , Physical Review Letters , which publishes shorter articles of broader interest .
Paul Martin O'Leary ( November 29 , 1901 - December 25 , 1997 ) was an American economist and educator , and the first Dean of the S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management . He served on the faculty of Cornell University from 1924 until 1967 , taking several leaves to join other economists from Eastern universities in Franklin D. Roosevelt 's brain trust . With John H. Patterson , he authored An Introduction to Money , Banking and Corporations in 1937 .
The Johnson School traces its beginnings to the university 's founding in 1865 . University co-founder Ezra Cornell proposed a Department of Trade and Commerce for the new university , which was a radical departure from the day 's conventional notions about higher education , as this proposal was made sixteen years before Joseph Wharton endowed the nation 's first collegiate business school at the University of Pennsylvania . At a university faculty meeting on October 2 , 1868 , Cornell co-founder and first president Andrew Dickson White , suggested the creation of a professorship in bookkeeping in the context of a larger proposal : the creation of a commercial college . In the meantime , the Agriculture College continued to have a Department of Agricultural Economics and the Arts College continued to have a Department of Economics . Formal movements towards a business school began in 1914 , when faculty in the NYS College of Agriculture ( which today offers an undergraduate business major ) convened the first meeting of the Committee on a Commercial College . Led by economics professor Allyn Young , the committee recommended the creation of a two-year graduate course leading to the Master 's degree in both business and public administration . Young had been trained at Harvard University , and the influence on the committee 's discussion of its business school 's creation only six years prior was apparent , as the committee 's recommendations included instruction for graduate students only , selectivity in admissions , and integration into the larger university community . The idea of a business school took a backseat to World War I and its effects on the Cornell population . Following the Armistice of 1918 , third university president Jacob Gould Schurman called for the establishment of such a school , which he estimated would require $ 1 million of initial funding . However , financial difficulties surrounding the Great Depression would further delay its creation .
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvəlt/ , /-vɛlt/ ; January 30 , 1882 - April 12 , 1945 ) , often referred to by his initials FDR , was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945 . A member of the Democratic Party , he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century . Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression , implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history . As a dominant leader of his party , he built the New Deal Coalition , which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century . His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II , which ended shortly after he died in office . He is rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents , along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln , but has also been subject to substantial criticism . Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park , New York , to a Dutch American family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt , the 26th president of the United States , and William Henry Aspinwall . FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City . In 1905 , he married his fifth cousin once removed , Eleanor Roosevelt . They had six children , of whom five survived into adulthood . He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 , and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox 's running mate on the Democratic Party 's 1920 national ticket , but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding . In 1921 , Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness , believed at the time to be polio , and his legs became permanently paralyzed .
Brain trust was a term that originally described a group of close advisers to a political candidate or incumbent ; these were often academics who were prized for their expertise in particular fields . The term is most associated with the group of advisers of Franklin Roosevelt during his presidential administration . More recently , however , the use of the term has expanded beyond politics to encompass any specialized group of advisers aligned to a decision maker .
John Wieland Oswald ( October 11 , 1917 - February 1 , 1995 ) was president of the University of Kentucky , executive vice president of the University of California , and President of the Pennsylvania State University .
The Pennsylvania State University ( Penn State or PSU ) is a state-related , land-grant , doctoral university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania . Founded in 1855 as the Farmers ' High School of Pennsylvania , Penn State conducts teaching , research , and public service . Its instructional mission includes undergraduate , graduate , professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction and online delivery . Its University Park campus , the flagship campus , lies within the Borough of State College and College Township . It has two law schools : Penn State Law , on the school 's University Park campus , and Dickinson Law , located in Carlisle , 90 miles south of State College . The College of Medicine is located in Hershey . Penn State has another 19 commonwealth campuses and 5 special mission campuses located across the state . Penn State has been labeled one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . Annual enrollment at the University Park campus totals more than 46,800 graduate and undergraduate students , making it one of the largest universities in the United States . It has the world 's largest dues-paying alumni association . The university 's total enrollment in 2015-16 was approximately 97,500 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus . The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses .
The University of California ( UC ) is a public university system in the U.S. state of California . Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education , the University of California is a part of the state 's three-system public higher education plan , which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges System . The University of California was founded on March 23 , 1868 , and operated in Oakland before moving to its campus in Berkeley in 1873 . In March 1951 , the University of California began to reorganize itself into something distinct from its campus at Berkeley , with Robert Gordon Sproul remaining in place as the first systemwide President , Clark Kerr becoming the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley , and Raymond B. Allen became the first Chancellor of UCLA . However , the 1951 reorganization was stalled by resistance from Sproul and his allies , and it was not until Kerr succeeded Sproul as President that UC was able to evolve into a system from 1957 to 1960 . In the 21st century , the University of California has 10 campuses , a combined student body of 280,380 students , 21,200 faculty members , 144,000 staff members and over 1.86 million living alumni , as governed by a semi-autonomous Board of Regents . Its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005 . Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students ; one campus , UC San Francisco , enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences . In addition , the UC Hastings College of Law , located in San Francisco , is legally affiliated with UC , but other than sharing its name is entirely autonomous from the rest of the system . The University of California also manages or co-manages three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL ) , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ( LLNL ) , and Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) . Collectively , the colleges , institutions , and alumni of the University of California make it the most comprehensive and advanced postsecondary educational system in the world , responsible for nearly $ 50 billion per year of economic impact . UC campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline , with UC faculty and researchers having won at least 62 Nobel Prizes as of 2017 .
The University of Kentucky ( UK ) is a public university in Lexington , Kentucky . Founded in 1865 by John Bryan Bowman as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky , the university is one of the state 's two land-grant universities ( the other being Kentucky State University ) and the institution with the highest enrollment in the state , with 30,720 students as of Fall 2015 . The institution comprises 16 colleges , a graduate school , 93 undergraduate programs , 99 master programs , 66 doctoral programs , and four professional programs . [ needs update ] The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus . The largest is the William T. Young Library , a federal depository , hosting subjects related to social sciences , humanities , and life sciences collections . In recent years , the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research , following a compact formed by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1997 . The directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution , in terms of an overall ranking , to be determined by the university itself , by the year 2020 .
Boyd Crumrine Patterson was a mathematician and the ninth president of Washington & Jefferson College . Patterson was born in McKeesport , Pennsylvania , on April 23 , 1902 , and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in 1923 , completing his studies in three years . He was a member of the well-known Crumrine family of Washington County and a third-generation W & J graduate . His father , John P. Patterson , was a member of W & J 's class of 1885 ; his grandfather , Boyd Crumrine , a noted local historian , was in Jefferson College 's class of 1860 . He was also a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . For graduate study , Boyd went to Johns Hopkins University where he studied inversive geometry with Frank Morley . In 1926 , he wrote a dissertation Differential Invariants of Inversive Geometry for his doctoral degree . Patterson returned to Washington & Jefferson College as a member of the faculty from 1926 to 1927 before taking a mathematics professorship at Hamilton College . Continuing to collaborate with Morley , they co-wrote a paper on algebraic inversive invariants in 1930 . In 1943 , Patterson became the chair of the mathematics department at Hamilton . In 1950 , he returned to W & J to assume its presidency . In that position , he oversaw curriculum revisions , updated admissions standards , and generally enhanced Washington and Jefferson 's reputation .
Washington & Jefferson College is host to 10 Greek organizations and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is active in Greek life . With 43% of women and 40% of men of the student body participating in greek life , fraternities and sororities play a significant role in student life at W & J . The Princeton Review named Washington & Jefferson College 12th on their 2010 list of Major Frat and Sorority Scene in the United States . As of 2010 , the Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life recognized 6 fraternities , Alpha Tau Omega , Beta Theta Pi , Delta Tau Delta , Phi Delta Theta , Phi Gamma Delta , and Phi Kappa Psi , and four sororities , Delta Gamma , Kappa Alpha Theta , Kappa Kappa Gamma , and Pi Beta Phi . The fraternities are governed by a local Interfraternal Council and the sororities are governed by a local Panhellenic Council , while the Greek Judiciary manages broad policy violations at the chapter-level . All Greek organizations occupy College-owned houses on Chestnut Street on campus . All members of fraternities and sororities must pay the $ 100 Greek Membership Fee , a levy designed to fund leadership seminars and other educational events for Greeks . During the 19th century , three national fraternities were founded at Jefferson College ; thus , the two surviving organizations , Phi Gamma Delta and Phi Kappa Psi are collectively known as the Jefferson Duo . A third fraternity was founded at Jefferson College , Kappa Phi Lambda , but it dissolved after a decade of existence amid a dispute between chapters . In 1874 , a fourth fraternity was founded at W & J , the short-lived Phi Delta Kappa . The new fraternity grew to several chapters before falling apart in 1880 .
Washington & Jefferson College ( W & J College or W & J ) is a private liberal arts college in Washington , Pennsylvania . The college traces its origin to three log cabin colleges in Washington County established by three Presbyterian missionaries to the American frontier in the 1780s : John McMillan , Thaddeus Dod , and Joseph Smith . These early schools eventually grew into two competing academies , with Jefferson College located in Canonsburg and Washington College located in Washington . The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College . The 60 acre ( 0.2 km2 ) campus has more than 40 buildings , with the oldest dating to 1793 . The college 's academic emphasis is on the liberal arts and the sciences , with a focus on preparing students for graduate and professional schools . Campus activities include various religious , political , and general interest clubs , as well as academic and professional-themed organizations . The college has a strong history of competing literary societies , dating back before the union of Jefferson and Washington Colleges . Students operate a college radio station , a campus newspaper , and a literary journal . The athletic program competes in NCAA Division III . The football team has been particularly successful over its history , even competing in the 1922 Rose Bowl . A large majority of students participate in intramural athletics .
Edwin Wendell Pauley Sr. ( January 7 , 1903 - July 28 , 1981 ) was an American businessman and political leader .
The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 .
The Regents of the University of California is the governing board of the University of California . The board has 26 voting members . The California Constitution grants broad institutional autonomy , with limited exceptions , to the Regents . According to article IX , section 9 , subsection ( f ) , [ t ] he university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs . Administrative support is provided to the Regents by the Office of the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the Regents of the University of California , which shares an office building with the UC Office of the President in Oakland . [ citation needed ] In May 2017 , The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the Regents had been hosting costly dinner parties using university funds . After extensive public outcry , university leadership released a statement saying the university would no longer fund these dinners .
The Democratic National Committee ( DNC ) is the governing body for the United States Democratic Party . The committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local , state , and national office . It organizes the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate and confirm a candidate for President of the United States , and to formulate the party platform . While it provides support for party candidates , it does not have direct authority over elected officials . Its chair is elected by the committee . It conducts fundraising to support its activities . The DNC was established at the 1848 Democratic National Convention . The DNC 's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee .
Edwin W. Pauley Pavilion , commonly known as Pauley Pavilion , is an indoor arena located in the Westwood Village district of Los Angeles , California , on the campus of UCLA . It is home to the UCLA Bruins men 's and women 's basketball teams . The men 's and women 's volleyball and women 's gymnastics teams also compete here . The building , designed by architect Welton Becket , was dedicated in June 1965 , named for University of California Regent Edwin W. Pauley , who had matched the alumni contributions . Pauley donated almost one fifth of the more than $ 5 million spent in constructing the arena . The arena was renovated in 2010-12 and was reopened on November 9 , 2012 when it hosted a men 's basketball game against Indiana State .
The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference .
John P. Schlegel , S.J . ( July 30 , 1943 - November 15 , 2015 ) was the 23rd President of Creighton University from 2000 to 2011 . He formerly served as 26th President of the University of San Francisco from 1991 until 2000 .
The University of San Francisco ( USF ) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco , California . The school 's main campus is located on a 55-acre ( 22 ha ) setting between the Golden Gate Bridge and Golden Gate Park . The main campus is nicknamed The Hilltop , and part of the main campus is located on Lone Mountain , one of San Francisco 's major geographical features . Its close historical ties with the City and County of San Francisco are reflected in the university 's traditional motto , Pro Urbe et Universitate ( For the City and University ) .