World record progression 200 metres breaststroke
Men -- Long course
Table:
Time

Swimmer

Date

Place

3:09.2

Frederick Holman

July 18, 1908

London, United Kingdom

3:08.3

Robert Andersson

April 18, 1909

Stockholm, Sweden

3:00.8

Félicien Courbet

October 2, 1910

Schaarbeek, Belgium

2:56.6

Percy Courtman

July 28, 1914

Garston, United Kingdom

2:54.4

Erich Rademacher

November 12, 1922

Amsterdam, Netherlands

2:52.6

Bob Skelton

March 21, 1924

Milwaukee, United States

2:50.4

Erich Rademacher

April 7, 1924

Magdeburg, Germany

2:48.0

Erich Rademacher

March 11, 1927

Brussels, Belgium

2:45.0

Yoshiyuki Tsuruta

July 27, 1929

Kyoto, Japan

2:44.6

Lionel Spence

April 2, 1931

Chicago, United States

2:44.0

Lionel Spence

April 1, 1932

New Haven, United States

2:42.6[1]

Jacques Cartonnet

February 8, 1933

Paris, France

2:42.4

Erwin Sietas

March 16, 1935

Düsseldorf, Germany

2:39.6[2]

Jacques Cartonnet

May 4, 1935

Paris, France

2:37.2[3]

Jack Kasley

March 28, 1936

New Haven, United States

2:36.8[4]

Alfred Nakache

July 6, 1941

Marseille, France

2:36.3[5]

Joe Verdeur

July 10, 1948

Detroit, Michigan, United States

2:35.6[6][7]

Joe Verdeur

April 5, 1946

Bainbridge, United States

2:35.0[8]

Joe Verdeur

February 15, 1947

New Haven, United States

2:34.4[9]

Herbert Klein

August 13, 1950

Göppingen, West Germany

Based on the table and the passages listed.

Respond to the question below: What is the area of land ( in sq mi ) covered by the Country of Origin for the swimmer who competed in three breaststroke events without being able to take part in a final ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Frederick Holman ( March 1883 - 23 January 1913 ) was an English competitive swimmer from Dawlish , Devon , England . Holman represented Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , where he won the gold medal in the men 's 200-metre breaststroke event and did not compete in any other events . He died of typhoid fever in Exeter in January 1913 aged 29 . He was married but had no children . Holman is an Honor Swimmer member of the International Swimming Hall of Fame .
London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Robert Theodor Andersson ( 18 October 1886 , Stockholm - 2 March 1972 ) was a Swedish water polo player , diver , and freestyle swimmer who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics , in the 1908 Summer Olympics , in the 1912 Summer Olympics , and in the 1920 Summer Olympics . He was part of the Swedish team , which was able to win three consecutive medals . He also competed in several swimming events from 1906 to 1920 . In 1906 , 1908 and 1912 he also participated in diving competitions .
Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia .
Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .
Félicien Courbet ( 25 February 1888 - 1967 ) was a Belgian water polo player and breaststroke swimmer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics , in the 1912 Summer Olympics , and in the 1920 Summer Olympics . He was part of the Belgian water polo team in 1912 , which won a bronze medal . In 1908 , 1912 and 1920 he also participated in all breaststroke events , but without being able to take part in a final .
Schaerbeek ( obsolete Dutch spelling , retained in French , pronounced [ skaʁbek ] ( listen ) ) or Schaarbeek ( Dutch , pronounced [ ˈsxaːrbeːk ] ( listen ) ) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium . It is bordered by the City of Brussels , Etterbeek , Evere and Saint-Josse-ten-Noode . In common with all the Brussels municipalities , it is legally bilingual ( French-Dutch ) . The eastern part of Schaerbeek ( the area that includes Vergote Square , Boulevard Lambermont , Quartier des Fleurs , Jamblinne de Meux Square , and Diamant Quarters and Josaphat Park ) is nowadays a location selected by affluent people for its architecture and its convenient location ( close to the EU institutions and the financial heart of the city , NATO , the European School , the airport and the Ring and highways ) . Young couples are also favouring this suburb for its Notting Hill atmosphere and the still reasonable pricing of real estate , while prices are on the surge as everywhere else in Brussels . This gentrification phenomenon is gradually spreading from the perimeter of the Josaphat Park , concentrically , to the surrounding streets , where artisan bakeries , delicatessens and other cheese shops or table d'hôtes have settled , the Josaphat Park , classified as the most beautiful Park in Brussels according to an RTBF consultation , clearly acting as a catalyst . The western part of Schaerbeek ( the area near the Brussels-North railway station , the Chaussée de Haecht/Haachtsesteenweg and the Van Praet bridge ) is home to a large Turkish immigrant community , a significant part of which originates from Afyon or Emirdağ , Turkey . It is also home to a large Moroccan population and other immigrant communities such as Spanish , Congolese , and Asian immigrants . The area around St. Mary 's Royal Church is the part where the Turkish community gathers in Brussels , which has led the area to be dubbed Petite Anatolie because of all the Turkish restaurants and shops at the Chaussée de Haecht/Haachtsesteenweg . However , because of the numerous schools like the Hogeschool Sint-Lukas Brussel , the administrations and the proximity of the Rue Royale there is a social mix . The Schaerbeek Cemetery , despite its name , is actually in the neighbouring municipality of Evere .
Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .
Percy Courtman ( 14 May 1888 - 2 June 1917 ) was an English breaststroke swimmer from Chorlton-cum-Hardy , Lancashire who competed for Great Britain in the 1908 Summer Olympics and 1912 Summer Olympics . He was son of James and his wife , Percy Ann Courtman , who at time of their son 's death lived in 261 Stretford Road , Manchester . In the 1908 Olympics he competed in the 200-metre breaststroke , but was second in his heat and did not advance . Four years later he competed in the 400-metre breaststroke and won a bronze medal . He also competed in the 200 metre breaststroke and was fourth . He died during World War I in France while serving as a private in the 1st/6th Battalion of the Manchester Regiment , and is buried at Neuville-Bourjonval British Cemetery , Pas-de-Calais .
Garston is a suburb of Liverpool . Historically in Lancashire , it is bordered by the suburbs of Aigburth , Allerton , Grassendale , and Speke .
Fritz Albert Erich Ete Rademacher ( 9 June 1901 - 2 April 1979 ) was a German breaststroke swimmer and water polo goalkeeper who competed at the 1928 and 1932 Olympics . In 1928 he was a member of the German team that won the gold medal , he also won a silver medal in the 200 m breaststroke . Four years later he won another silver medal with the German water polo team . His younger brother Joachim was his teammate in both water polo tournaments . At the European championships Rademacher won two gold medals in swimming ( 1926-1927 ) and two medals in water polo ( 1926 and 1931 ) . He set world records in 1920 , 1921 , 1923 , 1925 and 1926 in the 400 m breaststroke , in 1922 and 1927 in the 200 m breaststroke , in 1924 in the 200 yards breaststroke , and in 1925 in the 100 and 500 m breaststrokes . He also set 15 national records and appeared in 42 international water polo matches . He missed the 1920 and 1924 Olympics because Germany was not allowed to compete there . Rademacher toured the United States in 1926 and Japan in 1927 as an exhibition swimmer . During World War II he fought against Russia , was captured , and remained in a prison camp until 1947 . During that period he suffered a permanent face injury and did not like to be photographed afterwards . After returning to Germany he worked as an insurance clerk in Braunschweig and then in Stuttgart .
Amsterdam ( /ˈæmstərdæm/ , UK also /ˌæmstərˈdæm/ ; Dutch : [ ɑmstərˈdɑm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands with a population of 872,680 within the city proper , 1,380,872 in the urban area and 2,410,960 in the metropolitan area . Found within the province of North Holland , Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the Venice of the North , attributed by the large number of canals which form a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Amsterdam 's name derives from Amstelredamme , indicative of the city 's origin around a dam in the river Amstel . Originating as a small fishing village in the late 12th century , Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world in the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century and became the leading centre for finance and trade . In the 19th and 20th centuries , the city expanded , and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were planned and built . The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam and the 19-20th century Defence Line of Amsterdam are on the UNESCO World Heritage List . Sloten , annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam , is the oldest part of the city , dating to the 9th century . As the commercial capital of the Netherlands and one of the top financial centres in Europe , Amsterdam is considered an alpha-world city by the Globalization and World Cities ( GaWC ) study group . The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands . Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there , including Philips , AkzoNobel , TomTom and ING . Also , many of the world 's largest companies are based in Amsterdam or have established their European headquarters in the city , such as leading technology companies Uber , Netflix and Tesla . In 2012 , Amsterdam was ranked the second best city to live in by the Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU ) and 12th globally on quality of living for environment and infrastructure by Mercer .
The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' .
Robert Danforth Skelton ( June 25 , 1903 - June 25 , 1977 ) was an American competition swimmer , Olympic champion , and former world record-holder . Skelton competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris , where he won a gold medal in the men 's 200-meter breaststroke event . Skelton finished in 2:56.6 , decisively defeating Belgian swimmer Joseph De Combe ( 2:59.2 ) , and fellow American Bill Kirschbaum ( 3:01.0 ) . Skelton was born in Wilmette , Illinois . He attended Northwestern University in Evanston , Illinois , where he swam for the Northwestern Wildcats swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition . He was the first American to set a world record for the 200-meter breaststroke . He died in Houston , Texas in 1977 ; he was 74 years old .
Milwaukee ( /mɪlˈwɔːki/ , locally /mɪˈ-/ ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States . The seat of the eponymous county , it is on Lake Michigan 's western shore . Ranked by its estimated 2018 population , Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States . The city 's estimated population in 2018 was 594,511 . Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area which had a population of 2,043,904 in the 2014 census estimate . It is the third-most densely populated metropolitan area in The Midwest , surpassed only by Chicago and Detroit , respectively . Milwaukee is considered a Gamma global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network with a regional GDP of over $ 105 billion . The first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic Jesuit missionaries , who were ministering to Native Americans , and fur traders . In 1818 , the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area , and in 1846 , Juneau 's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the city of Milwaukee . Large numbers of German immigrants arrived during the late 1840s , after the German revolutions , with Poles and other eastern European immigrants arriving in the following decades . Milwaukee is known for its brewing traditions , begun with the German immigrants . Beginning in the early 21st century , the city has been undergoing its largest construction boom since the 1960s .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
Magdeburg ( German pronunciation : [ ˈmakdəbʊɐ̯k ] ( listen ) ; Low Saxon : Meideborg , [ ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x ] ) is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt , Germany . It is situated on the Elbe River . Otto I , the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the archbishopric of Magdeburg , was buried in the town 's cathedral after his death . Magdeburg 's version of German town law , known as Magdeburg rights , spread throughout Central and Eastern Europe . Until 1631 , Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of the Hanseatic League . Magdeburg has been destroyed twice in its history . The Catholic League sacked Magdeburg in 1631 , resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants , the largest loss of the Thirty Years ' War . Allies bombed the city in 1945 , destroying much of it . Magdeburg is the site of two universities , the Otto-von-Guericke University and the Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences . Magdeburg is situated on autobahn route 2 , and hence is at the connection point of the East ( Berlin and beyond ) with the West of Europe , as well as the North and South of Germany . As a modern manufacturing center , the production of chemical products , steel , paper , and textiles are of particular economic significance , along with mechanical engineering and plant engineering , ecotechnology and life-cycle management , health management and logistics . In 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .
Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city .
Yoshiyuki Tsuruta ( 鶴田 義行 , Tsuruta Yoshiyuki ) ( October 1 , 1903 - July 24 , 1986 ) was a Japanese swimmer . He won a gold medal in the Amsterdam Olympics and the Los Angeles Olympics .
Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown .
Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) .
Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International .
New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut . It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County , Connecticut , and is part of the New York metropolitan area . With a population of 129,779 as determined by the 2010 United States Census , it is the second-largest city in Connecticut after Bridgeport . New Haven is the principal municipality of Greater New Haven , which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010 . New Haven was the first planned city in America . A year after its founding by English Puritans in 1638 , eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid , creating what is commonly known as the Nine Square Plan . The central common block is the New Haven Green , a 16-acre ( 6 ha ) square at the center of Downtown New Haven . The Green is now a National Historic Landmark , and the Nine Square Plan is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark . New Haven is the home of Yale University . As New Haven 's biggest taxpayer and employer , Yale serves as an integral part of the city 's economy . Health care ( hospitals and biotechnology ) , professional services ( legal , architectural , marketing , and engineering ) , financial services , and retail trade also contribute to the city 's economic activity . The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873 , when sole governance was transferred to the more centrally located city of Hartford .
Paris ( French pronunciation : ​ [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
Erwin Sietas ( 24 July 1910 - 20 July 1989 ) was a German swimmer who specialized in the 200 m breaststroke . He competed at the 1928 , 1932 and 1936 Olympics and finished in fourth , fourth and second place , respectively . Sietas was known for his fast start ; in 1932 and 1936 he led he race , but faded at the finish . He won three medals at the European championships , including a gold in 1934 . Between 1928 and 1936 Sietas won all national titles , and in 1935 set a world record in the 200 m breaststroke . He was the only European breaststroke swimmer to win an Olympic medal between 1928 and 1952 . In 1992 he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame .
Düsseldorf ( often Dusseldorf in English sources ; UK : /ˈdʊsəldɔːrf/ , US : /ˈdjuːs-/ , German : [ ˈdʏsl̩dɔʁf ] ( listen ) ; Low Franconian and Ripuarian : [ a ] Düsseldörp ( [ ˈdʏsl̩dœɐ̯p ] ) ; archaic Dutch : Dusseldorp ) is the capital and second-largest city of the most populous German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne , as well as the seventh-largest city in Germany , with a population of 617,280 . At the confluence of the Rhine and its tributary Düssel , the city lies in the centre of both the Rhine-Ruhr and the Rhineland Metropolitan Regions with the Cologne Bonn Region to its south and the Ruhr to its north . Most of the city lies on the right bank of the Rhine ( as opposed to Cologne , whose city centre lies on the river 's left bank ) . The city is the largest in the German Low Franconian dialect area ( closely related to Dutch ) . Dorf meaning village in German , the -dorf suffix ( English cognate : thorp ) is unusual in the German-speaking area for a settlement of Düsseldorf 's size . Mercer 's 2012 Quality of Living survey ranked Düsseldorf the sixth most livable city in the world . Düsseldorf Airport is Germany 's third-busiest airport after those of Frankfurt and Munich , serving as the most important international airport for the inhabitants of the densely populated Ruhr , Germany 's largest urban area . Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre , renowned for its fashion and trade fairs , and is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies . Messe Düsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows . As second largest city of the Rhineland , Düsseldorf holds Rhenish Carnival celebrations every year in February/March , the Düsseldorf carnival celebrations being the third most popular in Germany after those held in Cologne and Mainz . There are 22 institutions of higher education in the city including the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , the university of applied sciences ( Hochschule Düsseldorf ) , the academy of arts ( Kunstakademie Düsseldorf ) ( Joseph Beuys , Emanuel Leutze , August Macke , Gerhard Richter , Sigmar Polke , and Andreas Gursky ) , and the university of music ( Robert-Schumann-Musikhochschule Düsseldorf ) . The city is also known for its pioneering influence on electronic/experimental music ( Kraftwerk ) and its Japanese community .
John Hare Kasley ( January 2 , 1916 - July 16 , 1989 ) was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin . Kasley competed in the semifinals of the men 's 200-meter breaststroke , recording a time of 2:53.4 . Kasley attended the University of Michigan , and swam for the Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) competition from 1935 to 1937 . During his three-year college swimming career , he won three consecutive NCAA national championships in the 200-yard butterfly ( 1935 , 1936 , 1937 ) , and was also a member of Michigan 's NCAA-winning teams in the 300-yard medley relay ( 1935 , 1936 , 1937 ) .
Alfred Nakache ( 18 November 1915 in Constantine , French Algeria - 1983 ) was a Jewish French swimmer and water polo player . A member of the French team for the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympic Games , he also swam in the first post-war Summer Olympics in London in 1948 . He is one of two Jewish athletes , as far as is known , to have competed in the Olympics after surviving the Holocaust . Nakache set the world record in the 200 metre breaststroke with a time of 2:36.8 on 6 July 1941 in the long course seawater pool in Catalans in Marseilles . Since FINA at the time recognized world records set in either short course ( 25 metre ) or long course ( 50 metre ) pools for the 200 metre breaststroke , his record was easily broken by Joe Verdeur in 1946 in a short course pool . If records were measured as they are today in long and short course pools , Verdeur would have broken Nakache 's long course world record of 2:36.8 in 1948 at the US Olympic trials with a time of 2:36.3 . Nakache was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1993 and the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 2019 . He was the subject of a French documentary in 2001 , entitled Alfred Nakache , the Swimmer of Auschwitz.and the 2017 French documentary entitled Nage Libre , directed by Thierry Lashéras , coproduced by EVA Productions and France Télévisions , with the participation of French Olympic swimmer Fabien Gilot , in the steps of Nakache .
Marseille ( /mɑːrˈseɪ/ mar-SAY , also spelled in English as Marseilles ; French : [ maʁsɛj ] ( listen ) , locally [ maʁˈsɛjə ] ( listen ) ; Occitan : Marselha [ maʀˈsejɔ , -ˈsijɔ ] ) is the prefecture of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône and region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur . It is located on the Mediterranean coast near the mouth of the Rhône . The city covers an area of 241 km2 ( 93 sq mi ) and had a population of 870,018 in 2016 . Its metropolitan area , which extends over 3,173 km2 ( 1,225 sq mi ) is the third-largest in France after those of Paris and Lyon , with a population of 1,831,500 as of 2010 . Known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as Massalia ( Greek : Μασσαλία , romanized : Massalía ) , Marseille was an important European trading centre and remains the main commercial port of the French Republic . Marseille is now France 's largest city on the Mediterranean coast and the largest port for commerce , freight and cruise ships . The city was European Capital of Culture in 2013 and European Capital of Sport in 2017 ; it hosted matches at the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2016 . It is home to Aix-Marseille University .
Joseph Thomas Joe Verdeur ( March 7 , 1926 - August 6 , 1991 ) was an American competition swimmer , Olympic champion , and former world record-holder .
Detroit ( /dɪˈtrɔɪt/ , locally also /ˈdiːtrɔɪt/ ; French : Détroit , lit . 'strait ' ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan , the largest U.S. city on the United States-Canada border , and the seat of Wayne County . The municipality of Detroit had a 2018 estimated population of 672,662 , making it the 23rd-most populous city in the United States . The metropolitan area , known as Metro Detroit , is home to 4.3 million people , making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area . Regarded as a major cultural center , Detroit is known for its contributions to music and as a repository for art , architecture and design . Detroit is a major port on the Detroit River , one of the four major straits that connect the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway . The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States . The City of Detroit anchors the second-largest regional economy in the Midwest , behind Chicago and ahead of Minneapolis-Saint Paul , and the 13th-largest in the United States . Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a highway tunnel , railway tunnel , and the Ambassador Bridge , which is the second busiest international crossing in North America , after San Diego-Tijuana . Detroit is best known as the center of the U.S. automobile industry , and the Big Three auto manufacturers General Motors , Ford , and Fiat Chrysler are all headquartered in Metro Detroit . In 1701 , Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founded Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit , the future city of Detroit . During the 19th century , it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region .
Bainbridge is a city in Decatur County , Georgia , United States . The city is the county seat of Decatur County . As of the 2010 census , the city had a population of 12,697 .
Herbert Klein ( 25 March 1923 - 25 September 2001 ) was a German swimmer . Competing in the 200 m breaststroke , he won the European title in 1950 and an Olympic bronze medal in 1952 . During his career , he concurrently held two world records in the 200 m breaststroke in short course with a time of 2:27.3 , long course with a time of 2:34.4 , one world record in the 100 m breaststroke with a time of 1:05.5. and a world record in the 500 m breaststroke with a time of 7:07.3 . In 1950 , he was elected German Sportspersonality of the year . FINA at the time recognized world records in the 200 m breaststroke that were set in either short course ( 25 meter ) or long course ( 50 meter ) pools . As a result , his world record ( short course ) with a time of 2:27.3 in the 200 m breaststroke set in 1951 was the only one widely known . His long course record set in 1950 with a time of 2:34.4 , was preceded by Joe Verdeur in 1948 who swam with a time of 2:36.3 at the US Olympic Trials . At the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki , Finland , he easily qualified for the final of the 200-meter breaststroke . This was the first Olympics since 1936 in Berlin that German and Japanese athletes could compete as the 1940 and 1944 Olympics were cancelled and Germany and Japan were banned from participating in 1948 . In the Olympic final , Klein was third behind Australian John Davies the gold medalist and American Bowen Stassforth . His world record in the 200 m breaststroke ( long course ) of 2:34.4 was equaled by John Davies in the final . Davies , Stassforth , and Klein were the only three swimmers in history to better 2:35 in the 200 m breaststroke ( long course ) prior to the bifurcation of the stroke in 1953 .
Göppingen is a town in southern Germany , part of the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg . It is the capital of the district Göppingen . Göppingen is home to the toy company Märklin , and it is the birthplace of football player Jürgen Klinsmann .
West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .