List of Imperial German artillery regiments
Foot Artillery Regiments
Table:
Regiment
Raised[3]
Garrison
Corps

Guards Foot Artillery

16 March 1865

Spandau

Guards Corps

1st (East Prussian) Foot Artillery "von Linger"

16 June 1864

Königsberg, Lötzen

I Army Corps

2nd (1st Pomeranian) Foot Artillery "von Hindersin"

16 March 1865

Swinemünde, Emden

II Army Corps

3rd (Brandenburg) Foot Artillery "General-Feldzeugmeister"

16 June 1864

Mainz

XVIII Army Corps

4th (Magdeburg) Foot Artillery "Encke"

16 June 1864

Magdeburg

IV Army Corps

5th (Lower Silesian) Foot Artillery

16 March 1865

Posen

V Army Corps

6th (Silesian) Foot Artillery "von Dieskau"

16 March 1865

Neiße, Glogau

VI Army Corps

7th (Westphalian) Foot Artillery

16 June 1864

Köln

VII Army Corps

8th (Rhenish) Foot Artillery

16 June 1864

Metz

XVI Army Corps

9th (Schleswig-Holstein) Foot Artillery

11 August 1893

Ehrenbreitstein

VIII Army Corps

10th (Lower Saxony) Foot Artillery

19 May 1871

Straßburg

XV Army Corps

11th (1st West Prussian) Foot Artillery

24 March 1881

Thorn

XVII Army Corps

12th (1st Royal Saxon) Foot Artillery

1 July 1873

Metz

XVI Army Corps

13th (Hohenzollern) Foot Artillery

14 November 1805

Ulm, Breisach

XV Army Corps

14th (Baden) Foot Artillery

11 August 1893

Straßburg

XV Army Corps

15th (2nd Pomeranian) Foot Artillery

11 August 1893

Bromberg, Graudenz

II Army Corps

16th (Lotharingian) Foot Artillery

1 October 1912

Metz, Diedenhofen

XVI Army Corps

17th (2nd West Prussian) Foot Artillery

1 October 1912

Danzig, Pillau

XVII Army Corps

18th (Thuringian) Foot Artillery

1 October 1912

Niederzwehren bei Kassel

XI Army Corps

19th (2nd Royal Saxon) Foot Artillery

1 October 1912

Dresden

XII Army Corps

From the given table together with the textual context below.

Solve the question: What is the city that the 1st ( East Prussian ) Foot Artillery von Linger garrisoned in ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

Spandau ( pronounced [ ˈʃpandaʊ̯ ] ) is the westernmost of the twelve boroughs ( Bezirke ) of Berlin , situated at the confluence of the Havel and Spree rivers and extending along the western bank of Havel . It is the smallest borough by population , but the fourth largest by land area .
The Guards Corps / GK ( German : Gardekorps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . The Corps was headquartered in Berlin , with its units garrisoned in the city and nearby towns ( Potsdam , Jüterbog , Döberitz ) . Unlike all other Corps of the Imperial German Army , the Guards Corps did not recruit from a specific area , but from throughout Prussia and the Imperial Lands of Alsace-Lorraine . The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War . During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 2nd Army . In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the II Army Inspectorate but joined the 2nd Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 4th Army , Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht on the Western Front . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Königsberg ( UK : /ˈkɜːnɪɡzbɜːrɡ/ , US : /ˈkeɪnɪɡzbɜːrɡ , ˈkʌn-/ , German : [ ˈkøːnɪçsˌbɛʁk ] ( listen ) ) is the name for the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad , Russia . Originally a Sambian or Old Prussian settlement , it then belonged to the State of the Teutonic Order , the Duchy of Prussia , the Kingdom of Prussia , the German Empire , the Weimar Republic , and Nazi Germany . After being largely destroyed in World War II by Allied bombing and the Red Army , it was annexed by the Soviet Union and its surviving inhabitants forcibly expelled . Thereafter , the city was renamed Kaliningrad . Few traces of the former Königsberg remain today . The literal meaning of Königsberg is 'Kings Hill ' . In the local Low German dialect , spoken by many of its former German inhabitants , the name was Kenigsbarg ( pronounced [ ˈkʰeːnɪçsbarç ] ) . Further names included Russian : Кёнигсберг , Королевец , tr . Kyonigsberg , Korolevets , Old Prussian : Kunnegsgarbs , Knigsberg , Lithuanian : Karaliaučius , Polish : Królewiec and Yiddish : קעניגסבערג Kenigsberg . Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement Twangste by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades , and was named in honour of King Ottokar II of Bohemia . A Baltic port city , it successively became the capital of their monastic state , the Duchy of Prussia ( 1525-1701 ) and East Prussia . Königsberg remained the coronation city of the Prussian monarchy , though the capital was moved to Berlin in 1701 .
Giżycko [ ɡʲiˈʐɨt͡skɔ ] ( former Polish : Lec or Łuczany , German : Lötzen ( help·info ) or Castrum Leicze , Lithuanian : Leičių pilis ) is a town in northeastern Poland with 29,642 inhabitants ( 2016 ) . It is situated between Lake Mamry and Lake Niegocin in the region of Masuria , and has been within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999 , having previously been in the Suwałki Voivodeship ( 1975-1998 ) . It is the seat of Giżycko County . Giżycko is a popular summer tourist destination due to its location within the Masurian Lake District and possesses numerous historical monuments , including a 14th-century Teutonic castle .
The I Army Corps / I AK ( German : I. Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . It was established with headquarters in Königsberg ( now Kaliningrad , Russia ) . Initially , the Corps catchment area comprised the entire Province of East Prussia , but from 1 October 1912 the southern part of the Province was transferred to the newly formed XX Corps District . In peacetime , the Corps was assigned to the VIII Army Inspectorate , which became the 1st Army at the start of the First World War . The corps was still in existence at the end of the war , and was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Świnoujście [ ɕfʲinɔˈui̯ɕt͡ɕɛ ] ( listen ) ( German : Swinemünde [ ˈsʋi : nəˌmʏndə ] , both names meaning Świna [ river ] mouth ) is a city and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon , located in the extreme north-west of Poland . It is situated mainly on the islands of Usedom and Wolin , but also occupies smaller islands , of which the largest is Karsibór island , once part of Usedom , now separated by the Piast Canal ( formerly the Kaiserfahrt ) dug in the late 19th century to facilitate ship access to Szczecin . Świnoujście directly borders the German seaside resort of Ahlbeck on Usedom , both are freely connected by a street and by 12 km ( 7 mi ) of beach promenade . Since 1999 , Świnoujście has been a city with the administrative rights of a county ( powiat ) ( Polish : miasto na prawach powiatu ) , within West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It was previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship ( 1975-1998 ) . The city lies in the geographic region of Pomerania and had a population of 41,516 in 2012 . Świnoujście is one of the most important areas of the Szczecin metropolitan region . The Świnoujście LNG terminal opened in 2015 is located in the city . Despite its relatively small population , Świnoujście is Poland 's ninth largest city by area .
Emden ( German : [ ɛmdn̩ ] ) is an independent city and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany , on the river Ems . It is the main city of the region of East Frisia and , in 2011 , had a total population of 51,528 .
The II Army Corps / II AK ( German : II . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . It was established on 3 April 1820 with headquarters initially in Berlin . From 1837 , the headquarters moved to Stettin ( now Szczecin , Poland ) , back to Berlin in 1863 , before finally settling in Stettin from 1870 . The Corps catchment area included the Province of Pomerania , the district ( Regierungsbezirk ) of Bromberg from the Province of Posen and the Province of West Prussia . Later , the West Prussian districts were transferred to the new XVII Corps District . In peacetime , the Corps was assigned to the VIII Army Inspectorate , which became the 1st Army at the start of the First World War . The Corps headquarters was upgraded to form the headquarters of the South Army on 10 January 1915 . The Corps was reformed post-war , before being finally disbanded in 1919 .
Mainz ( /maɪnts/ ; German : [ maɪ̯nt͡s ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Mogontiacum , French : Mayence ) is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . The city is located on the Rhine river at its confluence with the Main river , opposite Wiesbaden on the border with Hesse . Mainz is an independent city with a population of 217,118 ( 2018 ) and forms part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region . Mainz was founded by the Romans in the 1st century BC during the Classical antiquity era , serving as a military fortress on the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire and as the provincial capital of Germania Superior . Mainz became an important city in the 8th century AD as part of the Holy Roman Empire , becoming the capital of the Electorate of Mainz and seat of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz , the Primate of Germany . Mainz is famous as the home of Johannes Gutenberg , the inventor of the movable-type printing press , who in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city , including the Gutenberg Bible . Mainz was heavily damaged during World War II , with more than 30 air raids destroying about 80 percent of the city 's center , including most of the historic buildings . Today , Mainz is a transport hub and a center of wine production .
The XVIII Army Corps / XVIII AK ( German : XVIII . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I . As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century , the XVIII Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in Frankfurt am Main as the Generalkommando ( headquarters ) for the district of Wiesbaden and the Grand Duchy of Hesse . It took over command of 21st Division from XI Corps and the previously separate 25th ( Grand Ducal Hessian ) Division . It was assigned to the VII Army Inspectorate , but joined the 4th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war , serving in the 17th Army , Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht on the Western Front .
Magdeburg ( German pronunciation : [ ˈmakdəbʊɐ̯k ] ( listen ) ; Low Saxon : Meideborg , [ ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x ] ) is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt , Germany . It is situated on the Elbe River . Otto I , the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the archbishopric of Magdeburg , was buried in the town 's cathedral after his death . Magdeburg 's version of German town law , known as Magdeburg rights , spread throughout Central and Eastern Europe . Until 1631 , Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of the Hanseatic League . Magdeburg has been destroyed twice in its history . The Catholic League sacked Magdeburg in 1631 , resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants , the largest loss of the Thirty Years ' War . Allies bombed the city in 1945 , destroying much of it . Magdeburg is the site of two universities , the Otto-von-Guericke University and the Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences . Magdeburg is situated on autobahn route 2 , and hence is at the connection point of the East ( Berlin and beyond ) with the West of Europe , as well as the North and South of Germany . As a modern manufacturing center , the production of chemical products , steel , paper , and textiles are of particular economic significance , along with mechanical engineering and plant engineering , ecotechnology and life-cycle management , health management and logistics . In 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary .
The IV Army Corps / IV AK ( German : IV . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . It was established on 3 October 1815 as the General Command in the Duchy of Saxony ( Generalkommando im Herzogtum Sachsen ) and became the IV Army Corps on August 30 , 1818 . Its headquarters was in Magdeburg and its catchment area included the Prussian Province of Saxony and the adjacent Saxon Duchies ( Saxe-Altenburg , Anhalt ) and Principalities ( Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Junior Line ) . In peacetime , the Corps was assigned to the VI Army Inspectorate but joined the 1st Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 6th Army , Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht on the Western Front . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Poznań ( UK : /ˈpɒznæn/ POZ-nan , US : /ˈpoʊznæn , ˈpoʊznɑːn/ POHZ-nan , POHZ-nahn , Polish : [ ˈpɔznaj̃ ] or [ ˈpɔznaɲ ] ( listen ) ; German : Posen ; known also by other historical names ) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland , in the Greater Poland region and is the fifth-largest city in Poland . It is best known for its renaissance Old Town and Ostrów Tumski Cathedral . Today , Poznań is an important cultural and business centre and one of Poland 's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John 's Fair ( Jarmark Świętojański ) , traditional Saint Martin 's croissants and a local dialect . Poznań is among the oldest and largest cities in Poland . The city 's population is 538,633 ( 2011 census ) , while the continuous conurbation with Poznań County and several other communities is inhabited by almost 1.1 million people . The Larger Poznań Metropolitan Area ( PMA ) is inhabited by 1.3-1.4 million people and extends to such satellite towns as Nowy Tomyśl , Gniezno and Września , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Poland . It is the historical capital of the Greater Poland region and is currently the administrative capital of the province called Greater Poland Voivodeship . Poznań is a centre of trade , sports , education , technology and tourism . It is an important academic site , with about 130,000 students and the Adam Mickiewicz University , the third largest Polish university . Poznań is also the seat of the oldest Polish diocese , now being one of the most populous archdioceses in the country . The city also hosts the Poznań International Fair - the biggest industrial fair in Poland and one of the largest fairs in Europe . The city 's most renowned landmarks include Poznań Town Hall , the National Museum , Grand Theatre , Fara Church , Poznań Cathedral and the Imperial Castle .
The V Army Corps / V AK ( German : V. Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th century to World War I . Originating in 1815 as the General Command for the Grand Duchy of Posen ( later called the Province of Posen ) with headquarters in Posen . Its catchment area included the Regierungsbezirk ( administrative district ) Posen and Regierungsbezirk Liegnitz from the Province of Silesia . The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War . During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 3rd Army . In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the VIII Army Inspectorate but joined the 5th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in Armee-Abteilung C , Heeresgruppe Gallwitz on the Western Front . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Nysa [ ˈnɨsa ] ( listen ) ( German : Neisse or Neiße ) is a town in southwestern Poland on the Eastern Neisse ( Nysa Kłodzka ) river , situated in the Opole Voivodeship . With 44,419 inhabitants ( 2016 ) , it is the capital of Nysa County . It comprises the urban portion of the surrounding Gmina Nysa . Historically the town was part of Upper Silesia .
Głogów [ ˈɡwɔɡuf ] ( listen ) ( German : Glogau , rarely Groß-Glogau , Czech : Hlohov ) is a town in southwestern Poland . It is the county seat of Głogów County , in Lower Silesian Voivodeship ( since 1999 ) , and was previously in Legnica Voivodeship ( 1975-1998 ) . Głogów is the sixth largest town in the Voivodeship ; according to the 2004 census estimate the town had a total population of 71,686 . The name of the town derives from głóg , the Polish name for hawthorn . Among the oldest towns in Poland , Głogów was founded in the 10th century as a Piast defensive settlement and obtained city rights in the 13th century from Duke Konrad I . Due to the towns strategic location on several trade routes , the townspeople received many privileges and benefits , which brought wealth and greatly reflected on the city 's architecture . Over time , Głogów grew to be one of the largest fortified towns in Lower Silesia . The demolition of fortifications at the beginning of the 20th century improved the chances for further growth . However , towards the end of the Second World War Głogów was once again turned into a defensive fortress and as such suffered almost complete destruction . Currently reconstruction works are being carried out with the aim of restoring the historic pre-war appearance of the town . The castle , which was rebuilt between 1971 and 1983 , now houses the Historical and Archaeological Museum . Since 1984 the town also has been the venue for the Głogów Jazz Festival , which features local and international singers , musicians and performers .
The VI Army Corps / VI AK ( German : VI . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . Originating in 1815 as the General Command for the Province of Silesia with headquarters in Breslau ( now Wrocław in Poland ) . The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War . During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 3rd Army . In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the VIII Army Inspectorate but joined the 4th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Cologne ( English : /kəˈloʊn/ kə-LOHN ; German : Köln [ kœln ] ( listen ) ; Kölsch : Kölle [ ˈkœlə ] ( listen ) ) is the largest city of Germany 's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city in Germany . With slightly over a million inhabitants ( 1.08 million ) within its city boundaries , Cologne is the largest city on the Rhine and also the most populous city both of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region , which is Germany 's largest and one of Europe 's major metropolitan areas , and of the Rhineland . Centered on the left bank of the Rhine , Cologne is about 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia 's capital of Düsseldorf and 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) northwest of Bonn . It is the largest city in the Central Franconian and Ripuarian dialect areas . The city 's Cologne Cathedral ( Kölner Dom ) is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne . There are many institutions of higher education in the city , most notably the University of Cologne ( Universität zu Köln ) , one of Europe 's oldest and largest universities , the Technical University of Cologne ( Technische Hochschule Köln ) , Germany 's largest university of applied sciences , and the German Sport University Cologne ( Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln ) , Germany 's only sport university . Cologne Bonn Airport ( Flughafen Köln/Bonn ) is Germany 's seventh-largest airport and lies in the southeast of the city . The main airport for the Rhine-Ruhr region is Düsseldorf Airport . Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium , the first word of which is the origin of its name . An alternative Latin name of the settlement is Augusta Ubiorum , after the Ubii . Cologne , the French version of the city 's name , has become standard in English as well . Cologne functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior and as the headquarters of the Roman military in the region until occupied by the Franks in 462 .
The VII Army Corps / VII AK ( German : VII . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . Originating in 1815 as the General Command for the Province of Westphalia , the headquarters was in Münster and its catchment area was the Province of Westphalia and the Principalities of Lippe and Schaumburg-Lippe . The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War . During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 1st Army . In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the III Army Inspectorate which became the 2nd Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 7th Army , Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Metz ( /mɛts/ METS , French : [ mɛs ] ( listen ) , Lorraine Franconian : [ mɛts ] ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers . Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand Est region . Located near the tripoint along the junction of France , Germany , and Luxembourg , the city forms a central place of the European Greater Region and the SaarLorLux euroregion . Metz has a rich 3,000-year-history , having variously been a Celtic oppidum , an important Gallo-Roman city , the Merovingian capital of Austrasia , the birthplace of the Carolingian dynasty , a cradle of the Gregorian chant , and one of the oldest republics in Europe . The city has been steeped in Romance culture , but has been strongly influenced by Germanic culture due to its location and history . Because of its historical , cultural , and architectural background , Metz has been submitted on France 's UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List . The city features noteworthy buildings such as the Gothic Saint-Stephen Cathedral with its largest expanse of stained-glass windows in the world , the Basilica of Saint-Pierre-aux-Nonnains being the oldest church in France , its Imperial Station Palace displaying the apartment of the German Kaiser , or its Opera House , the oldest one working in France . Metz is home to some world-class venues including the Arsenal Concert Hall and the Centre Pompidou-Metz museum . A basin of urban ecology , Metz gained its nickname of The Green City ( French : La Ville Verte ) , as it has extensive open grounds and public gardens . The historic city centre is one of the largest commercial pedestrian areas in France . A historic garrison town , Metz is the economic heart of the Lorraine region , specialising in information technology and automotive industries . Metz is home to the University of Lorraine , Georgia Tech Lorraine , and a centre for applied research and development in the materials sector , notably in metallurgy and metallography , the heritage of the Lorraine region 's past in the iron and steel industry .
The XVI Army Corps / XVI AK ( German : XVI . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I . It was assigned to the VII Army Inspectorate , which became the 5th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 3rd Army , Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front .
Ehrenbreitstein Fortress ( German : Festung Ehrenbreitstein , IPA : [ ˌfɛstʊŋ ˈeːʁənbʁaɪtʃtaɪn ] ( listen ) ) is a fortress in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate , on the east bank of the Rhine where it is joined by the Moselle , overlooking the town of Koblenz . Occupying the position of an earlier fortress destroyed by the French in 1801 , it was built as the backbone of the regional fortification system , Festung Koblenz , by Prussia between 1817 and 1828 and guarded the middle Rhine region , an area that had been invaded by French troops repeatedly before . The Prussian fortress was never attacked . Since 2002 , Ehrenbreitstein has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Upper Middle Rhine Valley .
The VIII Army Corps / VIII AK ( German : VIII . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I . Originating on 21 June 1815 as the General Command for the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine and established on 3 April 1820 as VIII Corps . The headquarters was in Koblenz and its catchment area was the Rhine Province and the Principality of Birkenfeld of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg . The Corps served in the Austro-Prussian War . During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 1st Army . In peacetime the Corps was assigned to the V Army Inspectorate but joined the 4th Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Strasbourg ( UK : /ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/ , US : /ˈstræs- , ˈstrɑːsbʊərɡ , ˈstrɑːzbʊərɡ , -bɜːrɡ , strɑːzˈbʊər/ , French : [ stʁazbuʁ , stʁasbuʁ ] ( listen ) ; Bas Rhin Alsatian : Strossburi [ ˈʃd̥ʁɔːsb̥uʁi ] ( listen ) , Haut Rhin Alsatian : Strossburig [ ˈʃd̥ʁɔːsb̥uʁiɡ̊ ] ( listen ) ; German : Straßburg [ ˈʃtʁaːsbʊʁk ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the Grand Est region of France and is the official seat of the European Parliament . Located at the border with Germany in the historic region of Alsace , it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin department . In 2017 , the city proper had 280,966 inhabitants and both the Eurométropole de Strasbourg ( Greater Strasbourg ) and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 494,089 inhabitants . Strasbourg 's metropolitan area had a population of 785,839 in 2016 ( not counting the section across the border in Germany ) , making it the ninth-largest metro area in France and home to 13% of the Grand Est region 's inhabitants . The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 958,421 inhabitants . Strasbourg is one of the de facto three main capitals of the European Union ( alongside Brussels and Luxembourg ) , as it is the seat of several European institutions , such as the Council of Europe ( with its European Court of Human Rights , its European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines most commonly known in French as Pharmacopée Européenne its European Audiovisual Observatory ) , the Eurocorps , as well as the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman of the European Union . Together with Basel ( Bank for International Settlements ) , Geneva ( United Nations headquarters in Europe ) and New York City ( United Nations world headquarters ) , Strasbourg is among the few cities in the world not being a state capital and hosting international organisations of the first order . The city is the seat of many non-European international institutions such as the Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine and the International Institute of Human Rights . It is the second city in France in terms of international congress and symposia , after Paris . Strasbourg 's historic city centre , the Grande Île ( Grand Island ) , was classified a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988 , the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre . Strasbourg is immersed in Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history , has been a cultural bridge between France and Germany for centuries , especially through the University of Strasbourg , currently the second-largest in France , and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture . It is also home to the largest Islamic place of worship in France , the Strasbourg Grand Mosque .
The XV Army Corps / XV AK ( German : XV . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I. XV Corps served on the Western Front from the start of the war with the 7th Army . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 19th Army , Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg on the Western Front .
Toruń ( UK : /ˈtɒrʊnjə/ , US : /ˈtɔːruːn ( jə ) , ˈtoʊruːn/ , Polish : [ ˈtɔruj̃ ] ( listen ) ; German : Thorn ) is a historical city on the Vistula River in north-central Poland , and a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Its population was 202,074 , as of December 2018 . Previously , it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship ( 1975-1998 ) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship ( 1921-1945 ) . Since 1999 , Toruń has been a seat of the self-government of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and , as such , is one of its two capitals , together with Bydgoszcz . The cities and neighboring counties form the Bydgoszcz-Toruń twin city metropolitan area . Toruń is one of the oldest cities in Poland , with the first settlement dated back to the 8th century and later having been expanded in 1233 by the Teutonic Knights . Over centuries , it was the home for people of diverse backgrounds and religions . From 1264 until 1411 Toruń was part of the Hanseatic League and by the 17th century it was one of the elite trading points , which greatly affected the city 's architecture ranging from Brick Gothic to Mannerism and Baroque . In the early-modern age , Toruń was a royal city of Poland and it was one of the four largest cities in the country at the time . After the partitions of Poland it was part of Prussia and later the German Empire . After Poland regained independence in 1918 , Toruń was reincorporated into Polish territory , and during World War II was spared from bombing and destruction . This allowed the Old Town to be fully preserved with its iconic central marketplace .
The XVII Army Corps / XVII AK ( German : XVII . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the German Army before and during World War I . As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century , the XVII Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1890 in Danzig as the Generalkommando ( headquarters ) for West Prussia . It took command of two divisions formed on the same date : 35th Division and 36th Division . It was assigned to the I Army Inspectorate , which became the 8th Army at the start of the First World War . XVII Corps served on the Eastern Front from the start of the war . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 7th Army , Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz on the Western Front .
Ulm ( German pronunciation : [ ˈʔʊlm ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg , situated on the River Danube . The city , whose population is estimated at almost 120,000 ( 2015 ) , forms an urban district of its own ( German : Stadtkreis ) and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district . Founded around 850 , Ulm is rich in history and traditions as a former free imperial city ( German : freie Reichsstadt ) . Today , it is an economic centre due to its varied industries , and it is the seat of the University of Ulm . Internationally , Ulm is primarily known for having the church with the tallest steeple in the world ( 161.53 m or 529.95 ft ) , the Gothic minster ( Ulm Minster , German : Ulmer Münster ) , and as the birthplace of Albert Einstein .
Breisach ( formerly Altbreisach ) is a town with approximately 16,500 inhabitants , situated along the Rhine in the Rhine Valley , in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald , Baden-Württemberg , Germany , about halfway between Freiburg and Colmar - 20 kilometres away from each - and about 60 kilometres north of Basel near the Kaiserstuhl . A bridge leads over the Rhine to Neuf-Brisach , Alsace . Its name is Celtic and means breakwater . The root Breis can also be found in the French word briser meaning to break . The hill , on which Breisach came into existence was - at least when there was a flood - in the middle of the Rhine , until the Rhine was straightened by the engineer Johann Gottfried Tulla in the 19th century , thus breaking its surge .
Bydgoszcz ( UK : /ˈbɪdɡɒʃtʃ/ BID-goshtch , US : /-ɡɔːʃ ( tʃ ) / -⁠gawsh ( tch ) , Polish : [ ˈbɨdɡɔʂtʂ ] ( listen ) ; German : Bromberg [ ˈbʁɔmbɛɐ̯k ] ; Latin : Bydgostia , Brombergum ) is a city in northern Poland , on the Brda and Vistula rivers . With a city population of 350,178 ( December 2018 ) , and an urban agglomeration with more than 470,000 inhabitants , Bydgoszcz is the eighth-largest city in Poland . It has been the seat of Bydgoszcz County and the co-capital , with Toruń , of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999 . Prior to this , between 1947 and 1998 , it was the capital of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship , and before that , of the Pomeranian Voivodeship between 1945 and 1947 . Located in the historical region of Kuyavia , it is its largest city . The city is part of the Bydgoszcz-Toruń metropolitan area , which totals over 850,000 inhabitants . Bydgoszcz is the seat of Casimir the Great University , University of Technology and Life Sciences and a conservatory , as well as the Medical College of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń . It also hosts the Pomeranian Philharmonic concert hall , the Opera Nova opera house , and Bydgoszcz Airport . Due to its location between the Vistula and Oder rivers , and the water course of the Bydgoszcz Canal , the city forms part of a water system connected via the Noteć , Warta and Elbe with the Rhine and Rotterdam . Bydgoszcz is an architecturally rich city , with neo-gothic , neo-baroque , neoclassicist , modernist and Art Nouveau styles present , for which it earned a nickname Little Berlin . The notable granaries on Mill Island and along the riverside belong to one of the most recognized timber-framed landmarks in Poland .
Grudziądz ( [ ˈɡrud͡ʑɔnt͡s ] ( listen ) , Latin : Graudentium , German : Graudenz ) , in old-fashioned English Graudence , is a city of around 95,045 inhabitants ( 2018 ) on the Vistula River in northern Poland . Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ( since 1999 ) , the city was in the Toruń Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998 . Grudziądz is the 4th-largest city in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Province and its Old Town complex with 14th-century granaries was declared a National Historic Monument of Poland .
Thionville ( French pronunciation : ​ [ tjɔ̃vil ] ; Luxembourgish : Diddenuewen ; German : Diedenhofen [ ˈdiːdn̩ˌhoːfn̩ ] ( listen ) ) is a commune in the northeastern French department of Moselle . The city is located on the left bank of the river Moselle , opposite its suburb Yutz .
Gdańsk ( /ɡəˈdænsk/ , also US : /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/ , Polish : [ ɡdaj̃sk ] ( listen ) ; Kashubian : Gduńsk ; German : Danzig [ ˈdantsɪç ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland . With a population of 468,158 , Gdańsk is the capital and largest city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and one of the most prominent cities within the cultural and geographical region of Kashubia . It is Poland 's principal seaport and the centre of the country 's fourth-largest metropolitan area . The city is situated on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay on the Baltic Sea , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia , the resort town of Sopot , and suburban communities ; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity ( Trójmiasto ) , with a population approaching 1.4 million . Gdańsk lies at the mouth of the Motława River , connected to the Leniwka , a branch in the delta of the nearby Vistula River , which drains 60 percent of Poland and connects Gdańsk with the Polish capital , Warsaw . Together with the nearby port of Gdynia , Gdańsk is also a notable industrial centre . The city 's history is complex , with periods of Polish , Prussian and German rule , and periods of autonomy or self-rule as a free city state . In the early-modern age , Gdańsk was a royal city of Poland . It was considered the wealthiest and the largest city of Poland , before the 18th century rapid growth of Warsaw . In the late Middle Ages it was an important seaport and shipbuilding town and , in the 14th and 15th centuries , a member of the Hanseatic League . In the interwar period , owing to its multi-ethnic make-up and history , Gdańsk lay in a disputed region between Poland and Germany , which became known as the Polish Corridor . The city 's ambiguous political status was exploited , furthering tension between the two countries , which would ultimately culminate in the Invasion of Poland and the first clash of the Second World War just outside the city limits , followed by the flight and expulsion of the majority of the previous population in 1945 .
Baltiysk ( Russian : Балти́йск ) , prior to 1946 known by its German name Pillau ( Polish : Piława ; Lithuanian : Piliava ; Yiddish : פּילאַווע , Pilave ) , is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast , Russia , located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit , on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay . Population : 32,697 ( 2010 Census ) ; 33,252 ( 2002 Census ) ; 27,070 ( 1989 Census ) . Baltiysk , the westernmost town in Russia , is a major base of the Russian Navy 's Baltic Fleet and is a ferry-port on the [ which ? ] route to St. Petersburg .
Kassel ( German pronunciation : [ ˈkasl̩ ] ( listen ) ; in Germany , spelled Cassel until 1928 ) is a city located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse , Germany . It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 200,507 inhabitants in December 2015 . The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks , including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe , which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Kassel is also known for the documenta exhibitions of contemporary art . Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students ( 2018 ) and a multicultural population ( 39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background ) .
The XI Army Corps / XI AK ( German : XI . Armee-Korps ) was a corps level command of the Prussian and German Armies before and during World War I. XI Corps was one of three formed in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War ( the others being IX Corps and X Corps ) . The Corps was formed in October 1866 with headquarters in Kassel . The catchment area included the newly annexed Province of Hesse-Nassau and the Thuringian principalities ( Saxe-Weimar , Saxe-Meiningen , Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Waldeck ) . During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 3rd Army . The Corps was assigned to the VI Army Inspectorate but joined the predominantly Saxon 3rd Army at the start of the First World War . It was still in existence at the end of the war in the 6th Army , Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht on the Western Front . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .
Dresden ( /ˈdrɛzdən/ , German : [ ˈdʁeːsdn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Drježdźany ; Czech : Drážďany ; Polish : Drezno ) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city , following only Leipzig . It is the 12th most populous city of Germany , the third largest by area ( following only Berlin , Hamburg and Cologne ) , and the third most populous city in the area of former East Germany , following only ( East ) Berlin and Leipzig . Dresden is contiguous with Freital , Pirna , Radebeul , Meissen and Coswig , and its urban area has around 780,000 inhabitants , making it the largest in Saxony . Dresden is the largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg . [ a ] Most of Dresden 's population lives in the Elbe Valley , but a large , albeit very sparsely populated area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands ( the westernmost part of the Sudetes ) and thus in Lusatia , while many boroughs west of the Elbe lie in the foreland of the Ore Mountains as well as in the valleys of the rivers rising there and flowing through Dresden , the longest of which are the Weißeritz and the Lockwitzbach . The name of the city as well as the names of most of its boroughs and rivers are of Slavic origin . Dresden is the second largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area , following only Leipzig . The Sorbian language area begins east of the city , in Lusatia . Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony , who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor , and was once by personal union the family seat of Polish monarchs . The city was known as the Jewel Box , because of its baroque and rococo city centre . The controversial American and British bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000 people , many of whom were civilians , and destroyed the entire city centre . After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city , including the Katholische Hofkirche , the Zwinger and the Semper Oper .
The XII ( 1st Royal Saxon ) Army Corps / XII AK ( German : XII . ( I. Königlich Sächsisches ) Armee-Korps ) was a Saxon corps level command of the Saxon and German Armies before and during World War I . The Corps was formed as the Royal Saxon Corps on 1 April 1867 and headquartered in Dresden . Initially , it commanded the 1st Royal Saxon Infantry Division in Dresden and the 2nd Royal Saxon Infantry Division in Leipzig . After the XIX ( 2nd Royal Saxon ) Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 as the headquarters for the western part of the Kingdom of Saxony , XII Corps was made responsible for the eastern part of the Kingdom . The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I .