List of lunar features
Other features -- Promontorium
Table:
Name	Dia	Name Origin

Promontorium Agarum	70 km	Named from a cape in the Sea of Azov

Promontorium Agassiz	20 km	Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( 1807-1873 )

Promontorium Archerusia	10 km	Named from a cape on the Black Sea

Promontorium Deville	20 km	Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville ( 1814-1876 )

Promontorium Fresnel	20 km	Augustin Jean Fresnel ( 1788-1827 )

Promontorium Heraclides	50 km	Heraclides Ponticus

Promontorium Kelvin	50 km	William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin ( 1824-1907 )

Promontorium Laplace	50 km	Pierre Simon Laplace ( 1749-1827 )

Promontorium Taenarium	70 km	Named from cape in Greece

Based on the tabular data as well as the supporting text provided at the end.

Answer the following question: What is the diameter , in km , of the headland located at the northern end of the Montes Apenninus ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

In geometry , a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle . It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle . Both definitions are also valid for the diameter of a sphere . In more modern usage , the length of a diameter is also called the diameter . In this sense one speaks of the diameter rather than a diameter ( which refers to the line segment itself ) , because all diameters of a circle or sphere have the same length , this being twice the radius r .
Promontorium Agarum is a raised mountainous cape protruding into the southeast of Mare Crisium on the near side of the Moon . It protrudes into the mare up to 40 km and its width is about 80 km . Its coordinates are 13°52′N 65°44′E / 13.87°N 65.73°E / 13.87 ; 65.73 . Promontorium Agarum was named in 1647 by Johannes Hevelius , who assigned names of terrestrial features to the lunar ones . It obtained Ancient Greek name of a cape on the northern shore of the Sea of Azov - probably , modern Berdiansk Spit [ uk ] or Fedotova Spit [ uk ] . It is one of only 4 features which still bear the names given by Hevelius .
The Sea of Azov ( Russian : Азо́вское мо́ре , Azóvskoje móre ; Ukrainian : Азо́вське мо́ре , Azóvśke móre ; Adyghe : Хы МыутӀэ ; Crimean Tatar : Azaq deñizi , Азакъ денъизи , ازاق دﻩﯕىزى ) is a sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow ( about 4 km or 2.5 mi ) Strait of Kerch , and is sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea . The sea is bounded in the northwest by Ukraine , in the southeast by Russia . The Don River and Kuban River are the major rivers that flow into it . There is a constant outflow of water from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea . The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world , with the depth varying between 0.9 and 14 metres ( 2 ft 11 in and 45 ft 11 in ) . The sea is largely affected by the inflow of numerous rivers , which bring sand , silt , and shells , which in turn form numerous bays , limans , and narrow spits . Because of these deposits , the sea bottom is relatively smooth and flat with the depth gradually increasing toward the middle . Also , due to the river inflow , water in the sea has low salinity and a high amount of biomass ( such as green algae ) that affects the water colour . Abundant plankton result in unusually high fish productivity . The sea shores and spits are low ; they are rich in vegetation and bird colonies .
Promontorium Agassiz is a mountainous cape situated on the northeast margin of Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon . Its selenographic coordinates are 42.4° N , 1.77° E. It is located south of Promontorium Deville and Mons Blanc , northeast of Mons Piton , and northwest of Cassini crater . Promontorium Agassiz is named after Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz , a Swiss zoologist and geologist . The name of the feature was approved by the IAU in 1935 .
Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( /ˈæɡəsi/ ; French : [ aɡasi ] ; May 28 , 1807 - December 14 , 1873 ) was a Swiss biologist and geologist recognized as an innovative and prodigious scholar of Earth 's natural history . Agassiz grew up in Switzerland . He received doctor of philosophy and medical degrees at Erlangen and Munich , respectively . After studying with Cuvier and Humboldt in Paris , Agassiz was appointed professor of natural history at the University of Neuchâtel . He emigrated to the United States in 1847 after visiting Harvard University . He went on to become professor of zoology and geology at Harvard , to head its Lawrence Scientific School , and to found its Museum of Comparative Zoology . Agassiz is known for his regimen of observational data gathering and analysis . He made vast institutional and scientific contributions to zoology , geology , and related areas , including writing multivolume research books running to thousands of pages . He is particularly known for his contributions to ichthyological classification , including of extinct species such as megalodon , and to the study of geological history , including to the founding of glaciology . In the 20th and 21st centuries , Agassiz 's resistance to Darwinian evolution , belief in creationism , and the scientific racism implicit in his writings on human polygenism have tarnished his reputation , and led to controversies over his legacy .
Promontorium Archerusia ( /ˌɑːrkəˈruːʒə/ ; Latin for Cape Archerusia ) is a headland on the near side of the Moon . It separates the lunar mares of Mare Serenitatis and Mare Tranquilitatis . Its coordinates are 16°48′N 21°54′E / 16.8°N 21.9°E / 16.8 ; 21.9 . Promontorium Archerusia was named by Johannes Hevelius and is a misspelling of Acherusia , a cape on the Black Sea near Heraclea in ancient Bithynia ( now Karadeniz Ereğli in Turkey ) .
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , and Western Asia . It is supplied by a number of major rivers , such as the Danube , Dnieper , Southern Bug , Dniester , Don , and the Rioni . The watersheds of many countries drain into the Black Sea beyond the six that immediately border it . The Black Sea has an area of 436,400 km2 ( 168,500 sq mi ) ( not including the Sea of Azov ) , a maximum depth of 2,212 m ( 7,257 ft ) , and a volume of 547,000 km3 ( 131,000 cu mi ) . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south , Caucasus Mountains to the east , Crimean Mountains to the north , Strandzha to the southwest , Balkan Mountains to the west , Dobrogea Plateau to the northwest , and features a wide shelf to the northwest . The longest east-west extent is about 1,175 km ( 730 mi ) . Important cities along the coast include Odessa , Sevastopol , Samsun , and Istanbul . The Black Sea is bordered by Ukraine , Romania , Bulgaria , Turkey , Georgia , and Russia . It has a positive water balance ; that is , a net outflow of water 300 km3 ( 72 cu mi ) per year through the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea . There is a two-way hydrological exchange : the more saline and therefore denser , but warmer , Mediterranean water flows into the Black Sea under its less saline outflow . This creates a significant anoxic layer well below the surface waters . The Black Sea drains into the Mediterranean Sea , via the Aegean Sea and various straits , and is navigable to the Atlantic Ocean .
Promontorium Deville is a mountainous cape situated on the northeast margin of Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon . Its selenographic coordinates are 43.31° N , 1.14° E. It is located north of Promontorium Agassiz , south of Mont Blanc , northeast of Mons Piton , and northwest of Cassini crater . Promontorium Deville is named after Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville , a French meteorologist and geologist . The name of the feature was approved by the IAU in 1935 .
Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville ( 26 February 1814 - 10 October 1876 ) was a geologist and meteorologist . Born in St. Thomas , he was the brother of chemist Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville . Having attended at the École des Mines in Paris , he assisted Élie de Beaumont in the chair of geology at the Collège de France from 1855 until he succeeded him in 1874 . He made researches on volcanic phenomena , especially on the gaseous emanations . He investigated also the variations of temperature in the atmosphere and ocean . In 1857 , he is elected member of the French Academy of Sciences in replacement of Armand Dufrénoy . In 1852 he was one of the founders of the Société Météorologique de France , of which , he served as its first secretary . In 1859 he was the first to achieve a complete ascent of Grand Combin ( 4314 meters ) in the Pennine Alps . He is promoted Officier de la Légion d'honneur in 1862 . He died in Paris .
Promontorium Fresnel ( Latin for Cape Fresnel ) is a headland on the near side of the Moon . It is located at the northern end of the Montes Apenninus and separates the lunar mares of Mare Serenitatis and Mare Imbrium . Just west of the mountainous cape is Rimae Fresnel . Both features were named after the French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel . Its coordinates are 28°38′N 4°45′E / 28.63°N 4.75°E / 28.63 ; 4.75 .
Augustin-Jean Fresnel ( /ˈfreɪn- , ˈfrɛn.ɛl , -əl/ FRAYN- , FREN-el , -⁠əl or /freɪˈnɛl/ fray-NEL ; French : [ oɡystɛ̃ʒɑ̃ fʁɛnɛl ] ; 10 May 1788 - 14 July 1827 ) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light , excluding any remnant of Newton 's corpuscular theory , from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century . He is perhaps better known for inventing the catadioptric ( reflective/refractive ) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of stepped lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses , saving countless lives at sea . The simpler dioptric ( purely refractive ) stepped lens , first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel , is used in screen magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors . By expressing Huygens ' principle of secondary waves and Young 's principle of interference in quantitative terms , and supposing that simple colors consist of sinusoidal waves , Fresnel gave the first satisfactory explanation of diffraction by straight edges , including the first satisfactory wave-based explanation of rectilinear propagation . Part of his argument was a proof that the addition of sinusoidal functions of the same frequency but different phases is analogous to the addition of forces with different directions . By further supposing that light waves are purely transverse , Fresnel explained the nature of polarization , the mechanism of chromatic polarization , and the transmission and reflection coefficients at the interface between two transparent isotropic media . Then , by generalizing the direction-speed-polarization relation for calcite , he accounted for the directions and polarizations of the refracted rays in doubly-refractive crystals of the biaxial class ( those for which Huygens ' secondary wavefronts are not axisymmetric ) . The period between the first publication of his pure-transverse-wave hypothesis and the submission of his first correct solution to the biaxial problem was less than a year . Later , he coined the terms linear polarization , circular polarization , and elliptical polarization , explained how optical rotation could be understood as a difference in propagation speeds for the two directions of circular polarization , and ( by allowing the reflection coefficient to be complex ) accounted for the change in polarization due to total internal reflection , as exploited in the Fresnel rhomb . Defenders of the established corpuscular theory could not match his quantitative explanations of so many phenomena on so few assumptions . Fresnel had a lifelong battle with tuberculosis , to which he succumbed at the age of 39 . Although he did not become a public celebrity in his lifetime , he lived just long enough to receive due recognition from his peers , including ( on his deathbed ) the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society of London , and his name is ubiquitous in the modern terminology of optics and waves .
Promontorium Heraclides is a raised mountainous cape situated in Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon . Its selenographic coordinates are 40.3° N , 33.2° W and it is 50 km in diameter . It marks the western edge of the bay of Sinus Iridum . Promontorium Heraclides is named after Heraclides Ponticus , a Greek philosopher and astronomer . The Soviet lunar probe Luna 17 landed about 30 km from Promontorium Heraclides on November 17 , 1970 . The land form is depicted as the face of a woman looking across Sinus Iridum in a 1679 lunar map by Giovanni Domenico Cassini ; this depiction , of disputed origin , is known as the Moon Maiden .
Heraclides Ponticus ( Greek : Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Ποντικός Herakleides ; c. 390 BC - c. 310 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and astronomer who was born in Heraclea Pontica , now Karadeniz Ereğli , Turkey , and migrated to Athens . He is best remembered for proposing that the Earth rotates on its axis , from west to east , once every 24 hours . He is also hailed as the originator of the heliocentric theory , although this is doubted by some .
Promontorium Kelvin is a headland on the near side of the Moon . It is located in the southeast of the Mare Humorum . It is close to Rupes Kelvin . Its length is about 45 km . Its coordinates are 26°57′S 33°27′W / 26.95°S 33.45°W / -26.95 ; -33.45 . It was named after the British scientist , physicist and engineer William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin .
Sir William Thomson , 1st Baron Kelvin , OM , GCVO , PC , PRS , FRSE ( 26 June 1824 - 17 December 1907 ) was an Irish-Scottish ( of Ulster Scots heritage ) mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824 . At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics , and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form . He worked closely with mathematics professor Hugh Blackburn in his work . He also had a career as an electric telegraph engineer and inventor , which propelled him into the public eye and ensured his wealth , fame and honour . For his work on the transatlantic telegraph project he was knighted in 1866 by Queen Victoria , becoming Sir William Thomson . He had extensive maritime interests and was most noted for his work on the mariner 's compass , which previously had limited reliability . Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour . While the existence of a lower limit to temperature ( absolute zero ) was known prior to his work , Kelvin is known for determining its correct value as approximately −273.15 degree Celsius or −459.67 degree Fahrenheit . He was ennobled in 1892 in recognition of his achievements in thermodynamics , and of his opposition to Irish Home Rule , becoming Baron Kelvin , of Largs in the County of Ayr . He was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords . The title refers to the River Kelvin , which flows near his laboratory at the University of Glasgow . His home was the red sandstone mansion Netherhall , in Largs .
Promontorium Laplace is a raised mountainous cape situated at the end of Montes Jura in Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon . Its selenographic coordinates are 46.8° N , 25.5° W and it is 2600 meters high . It forms the northeast boundary of the bay of Sinus Iridum . It is named after Pierre Simon marquis de Laplace , an 18th-century French astronomer , mathematician , and physicist .
Pierre-Simon , marquis de Laplace ( /ləˈplɑːs/ ; French : [ pjɛʁ simɔ̃ laplas ] ; 23 March 1749 - 5 March 1827 ) was a French scholar and polymath whose work was important to the development of engineering , mathematics , statistics , physics , astronomy , and philosophy . He summarized and extended the work of his predecessors in his five-volume Mécanique Céleste ( Celestial Mechanics ) ( 1799-1825 ) . This work translated the geometric study of classical mechanics to one based on calculus , opening up a broader range of problems . In statistics , the Bayesian interpretation of probability was developed mainly by Laplace . Laplace formulated Laplace 's equation , and pioneered the Laplace transform which appears in many branches of mathematical physics , a field that he took a leading role in forming . The Laplacian differential operator , widely used in mathematics , is also named after him . He restated and developed the nebular hypothesis of the origin of the Solar System and was one of the first scientists to postulate the existence of black holes and the notion of gravitational collapse . Laplace is remembered as one of the greatest scientists of all time . Sometimes referred to as the French Newton or Newton of France , he has been described as possessing a phenomenal natural mathematical faculty superior to that of any of his contemporaries . He was Napoleon 's examiner when Napoleon attended the École Militaire in Paris in 1784 . Laplace became a count of the Empire in 1806 and was named a marquis in 1817 , after the Bourbon Restoration .
Promontorium Taenarium is a headland on the near side of the Moon . It is located in the eastern end of Mare Nubium . Its length is about 70 km . Its coordinates are 18°39′0″S 7°28′24″W / 18.65000°S 7.47333°W / -18.65000 ; -7.47333 . The name Promontorium Taenarium was first used by Johannes Hevelius in his 1647 map of the Moon , but this refers to a bright point at crater Guericke B. Taenarium refers to Cape Tainaron ( known as Cape Matapan ) , the southernmost point of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece .
Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture .