Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries
The forts -- Second ring of forts
Table:
Dir.

Name

Emplacement

Date

1

N

Fort de Cormeilles-en-Parisis

Cormeilles-en-Parisis

2

N

Fort de Montlignon

Montlignon

3

N

Fort de Domont

Domont

4

N

Fort de Montmorency

Montmorency

5

N

Fort d'Écouen

Écouen

6

N

Redoute de la Butte-Pinson

Montmagny

1875–1877

7

N

Fort de Stains

Garges-les-Gonesse

8

E

Fort de Vaujours

Courtry

9

E

Fort de Chelles

Chelles

10

E

Fort de Villiers

Noisy-le-Grand

1878[5]

11

E

Fort de Champigny

Champigny-sur-Marne

12

E

Fort de Sucy

Sucy-en-Brie

13

E

Fort de Villeneuve

Villeneuve-Saint-Georges

1876[6]

14

S/W

Fort de Palaiseau

Palaiseau

15

S/W

Fort de Châtillon

Châtillon-sous-Bagneux
Fontenay-aux-Roses

16

S/W

Fort de Villeras

Saclay

17

S/W

Batterie de Bouviers

Guyancourt

1879

18

S/W

Batterie du Ravin de Bouviers

Versailles

19

S/W

Fort du Haut-Buc

Buc (Yvelines)

1879

20

S/W

Fort de Saint-Cyr

Montigny-le-Bretonneux

1879

With reference to the table together with the background passages below.

Answer the following question: When was the fort built in the commune located 9.5 from the centre of Paris completed ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The Fort de Cormeilles-en-Parisis was constructed between 1874 and 1877 as part of a new plan for the defense of Paris developed by General Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières , near the town of Cormeilles-en-Parisis . During the Franco-Prussian War , German troops had used the hill upon which the fort sits as a spotting and firing location , ideal for the siting of new rifled guns whose range was increased over old-fashioned smooth-bore guns . These weapons could attack Paris from Cormeilles , so a new outer ring of forts had to be built outside the first ring of forts built in 1840-1860 to deny the area to enemy gunners . The Séré de Rivières system was designed as a response to these technological innovations , and to the loss of French territories in Alsace and Lorraine .
Cormeilles-en-Parisis is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in Northern France . Inhabitants are called Cormeillais ( e ) .
Montlignon is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France .
The Fort de Domont was built following the Franco-Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the north of Paris in Domont , the fort was part of an outer ring of fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built between 1875 and 1879 in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . Work on the fort began in 1874 and were completed in 1878 . The fort covered an area of 12 hectares ( 30 acres ) and its garrison comprised 1175 men and officers . The fort 's artillery fire supported its neighbors , the Fort de Montmorency and the Fort de Montlignon . The pentagonal fort was entered through the south side , facing Paris . It featured a double caponier on the point facing outward , and two flanking caponiers on the east and west sides . The fort 's main armament was a 155mm Mougin turret , added in 1884 . Other artillery on the firing terrace , or cavalier , was of 120mm and 95mm caliber . The fort 's artillery dominated the plains to the north , as well as the railway line to Pontoise . On 3 and 4 September 1914 , the fort fired on German scout parties in the vicinity of Luzarches , the only Parisian fortification to fire on Germans during World War I .
Domont ( French pronunciation : ​ [ dɔmɔ̃ ] ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department and Île-de-France region of France . It is twinned with the Leicestershire village of Shepshed .
The Fort de Montmorency was built following the Franco-Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the north of Paris in Montmorency , the fort was part of an outer ring of fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built between 1875 and 1879 in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . The fort defended its neighbors , the Fort de Domont and the Fort de Montlignon , as well as the town of Saint-Denis . The fort saw no action in the first or second world wars , but its prominent height made it ideal for use as a telecommunications relay station . In 1947 the French Air Force occupied the site , and by 1952 communication cables were installed to link the fort to the national air defense communications system . In 1956 the Fort de Montmorency became the national headquarters for Air Force communications . The fort was designated Base aerienne 285 . Base aerienne 285 was disbanded in 1968 and the fort was first placed under the jurisdiction of `` Base aerienne 104 at Le Bourget , and later under the control of the French Air Force hardened command center at Base aerienne 921 at Taverny , at the west end of the Montmorency forest . From 1992 the fort has served as a training center for security forces associated with the Taverny center , the Centre d'Initiation aux Techniques Commandos . The fort remains occupied by the military and is not open to the public .
Montmorency ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mɔ̃.mɔ.ʁɑ̃.si ] ) is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 15.3 km ( 9.5 mi ) from the center of Paris . Montmorency was the fief of the Montmorency family , one of the oldest and most distinguished families of the French nobility . It is now a wealthy suburb of Paris .
Écouen is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 18.4 km ( 11.4 mi ) from the center of Paris . The 19th-century poet and playwright Pierre-Joseph Charrin ( 1784-1863 ) died in Écouen . The artist Louis Théophile Hingre lived and worked in Écouen . Écouen houses the Château d'Écouen , home of the Montmorency family . This château , built during the Renaissance , houses the Musée national de la Renaissance , the largest Renaissance museum in France .
Garges-lès-Gonesse is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris in the Val-d'Oise department in northern France . It is located 14.1 km ( 8.8 mi ) from the center of Paris . The city is a part of the Paris urban area . It is the seat of two cantons : Garges-lès-Gonesse-Est and Garges-lès-Gonesse-Ouest . The western canton is completely formed by the territory of the commune , while the eastern canton includes other communes . The city is strongly urbanized and is near to Paris-Le Bourget Airport . Garges-lès-Gonesse was transformed from an old rural village to a suburb at the beginning of the 20th century .
The Fort de Vaujours , located in the commune of Courtry , Seine-Saint-Denis , near the town of Vaujours , is one of the forts built at the end of the 19th century to defend Paris . It became a research center for the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique ( CEA ) , France 's Atomic Energy Commission . The center was closed in 1997 .
Courtry is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne département in the Île-de-France region in north-central France .
Chelles is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region 18 km ( 11 mi ) from the center of Paris .
Fort de Villers was built following the Franco-Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the east of Paris in Villiers-sur-Marne , the fort was part of an outer ring of eighteen major fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . The Fort de Villiers was built between 1878 and 1880 at an elevation of 111 meters , overlooking the Marne to the north and a rail line to the south , and was intended to deny the use of the height to an enemy . The fort was originally armed with eighteen long-range guns , ten smaller guns for the caponiers , and three mortars . Pre-surveyed fields of fire covered the neighboring Fort de Champigny at 3500m and the Fort de Chelles , 6200m away . The fort received 75mm anti-aircraft guns in 1915 . The Fort de Villiers was the property of the Ministry of Defense until July 2001 , when it was transferred to the community of Noisy-le-Grand , one of a series of new towns constructed around Paris . The fort covers seven hectares on the south side of A4 autoroute . It is linked to the town center of Noisy-le-Grand by a bridge over the autoroute . Until 2007 the fort housed community sports organizations . However , access to the fort has since been prohibited due to the state of the access bridge and the numerous dead trees resulting from the windstorms of late 1999 .
Noisy-le-Grand ( pronounced [ nwa.zi.lə.ɡʁɑ̃ ] ) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 15.2 km ( 9.4 mi ) from the centre of Paris . The commune of Noisy-le-Grand is part of the sector of Porte de Paris , one of the four sectors of the new town of Marne-la-Vallée . Some of the postmodern architecture in the commune has been used as a shooting location in movies including Brazil and The Hunger Games .
Fort de Champigny was built following the Franco-Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the southeast of Paris in Chennevières-sur-Marne , the fort was part of an outer ring of fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . The Fort de Champigny was built between 1878 and 1880 on an area of eight hectares at a location that had been used by the Prussians to bombard Paris in the 1870 war . The site controlled movement on the Paris-Troyes railway line at Champigny-sur-Marne . The four-sided fort is surrounded by a ditch and a counterscarp . The fort encloses a paved court surrounded by quarters for 388 men . Water was supplied by cisterns . The fort was initially armed with 34 guns . The fort was modernized in 1911 , with additional fortifications in concrete , including two observation turrets in the fort 's caponiers with machine guns . In 1914 the fort contained no more than ten guns on the rampart and ten on the caponiers . During the First World War the fort fired on the Plateau d'Avron with ten guns of 12 and 15 cm caliber .
Champigny-sur-Marne ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʃɑ̃piɲi ] ) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 12.5 km ( 7.8 mi ) from the centre of Paris .
Fort de Sucy was built following the Franco-Prussian War to defend Paris . Located to the southeast of Paris in Sucy-en-Brie , the fort was part of an outer ring of eighteen major fortifications built in response to improvements in the range and effectiveness of artillery since the construction of the Thiers fortifications of the 1840s . It was built in accordance with improved principles of fortification developed for the Séré de Rivières system . The Fort de Sucy was built between 1879 and 1881 on a location that had been used by the Prussians to bombard the Saint-Maur peninsula in the 1870 war . The site controlled movement on the Route nationale 4 ( Paris-Strasbourg ) and Route nationale 19 ( Paris-Mulhouse ) . The site also overlooked the Bois Notre-Dame and the Armainvillers Forest . With the advent of improved explosive shells , the fort was modernized with concrete cover almost immediately after it was completed . The roughly rectangular fort has an indented front with the main entrance at the centre , flanked by caponiers in a nine-metre-wide ditch . A central magazine in the barracks could hold 67 tons of gunpowder . The barracks accommodated 372 men , ten officers , and a tank . Modernization was foreseen in 1911 , with additional fortifications in concrete , including three shelters and two observation turrets with machine guns . This project was never realized due to a lack of credits .
Sucy-en-Brie is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 15.4 km ( 9.6 mi ) from the center of Paris .
Villeneuve-Saint-Georges ( French pronunciation : ​ [ vilnœːv sɛ̃ ʒɔʁʒ ] ) is a small commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 15.5 kilometres ( 9.6 miles ) from the center of Paris .
Palaiseau ( French pronunciation : ​ [ palɛzo ] ) is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 16.9 km ( 10.5 mi ) from the center of Paris . Palaiseau is a sub-prefecture of the Essonne department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Palaiseau . Inhabitants of Palaiseau are known as Palaisiens .
The Fort de Châtillon was a fortification located about 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) south of Paris in the communes of Châtillon-sous-Bagneux and Fontenay-aux-Roses . It was built in 1874 and was razed beginning in 1957 , making way for expansion of the French nuclear research facility at Fontenay-aux-Roses . The fort was named for the town it was designed to protect , Châtillon-sous-Bagneux , but the greater portion of the site is actually within Fontenay-aux-Roses . The main entry and the portions in Châtillon were destroyed at the end of the Second World War .
Châtillon ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʃɑ.ti.jɔ̃ ] ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 7 km ( 4.3 mi ) from the center of Paris . The town was formerly named Châtillon-sous-Bagneux , and a relic of this denomination remains in at least one road sign in Vanves ( located at the junction Boulevard du Lycée and Avenue Charles de Gaulle , and written as Châtillon s/ B ) . The TGV trains are maintained at the Établissement Industriel de Maintenance du TGV de Châtillon ( EIM TGV de Châtillon ) .
Fontenay-aux-Roses ( IPA : [ fɔ̃tnɛ o ʁoz ] ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 8.6 km ( 5.3 mi ) from the center of Paris . In 1880 a girls school École Normale Supérieure was opened in the town . It was one of the most prestigious of Paris and even of whole France in term of scientific research . It became a mixed school in 1986 , and was relocated to Lyon in 2000 . Fontenay is the location of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique , and former location of the first French nuclear reactor , Zoé , and the first French tokamak fusion experiment , TFR .
Saclay ( French : [ sa.klɛ ] ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris , France . It is located 18.7 km ( 11.6 mi ) from the centre of Paris . It had a population of 3,067 in 2006 . It is best known for the large scientific facility CEA Saclay , mostly dealing with nuclear and particle physics . Inhabitants of Saclay are known as Saclaysiens .
The Batterie de Bouviers is located in the commune of Guyancourt , Yvelines , France . It is a former fortification built beginning in 1879 and occupied by the army until 1932 . From 1933 it was leased by the Hispano Suiza company as a factory , surrounded by other industrial structures . The site was abandoned by Hispano Suiza in 1990 , and was sold by the Ministry of Defense in 1999 . In 2006 the battery became the Cafe Musiques , surrounded by office buildings and a music school .
Guyancourt ( pronounced [ ɡɥi.jɑ̃.kuʁ ] ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France . It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris , 21.2 km ( 13.2 mi ) from the center of Paris , in the new town of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines .
Versailles ( French pronunciation : [ vɛʁsɑj ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the Yvelines département in the Île-de-France region , renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles , designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Located in the western suburbs of the French capital , 17.1 km ( 10.6 mi ) from the centre of Paris , Versailles is in the 21st century a wealthy suburb of Paris with a service-based economy and a major tourist destination as well . According to the 2008 census , the population of the city is 88,641 inhabitants , down from a peak of 94,145 in 1975 . A new town founded at the will of King Louis XIV , Versailles was the de facto capital of the Kingdom of France for over a century , from 1682 to 1789 , before becoming the cradle of the French Revolution . After having lost its status of royal city , it became the préfecture ( regional capital ) of the Seine-et-Oise département in 1790 , then of Yvelines in 1968 . It is also a Roman Catholic diocese . Versailles is historically known for numerous treaties such as the Treaty of Paris , which ended the American Revolution , and the Treaty of Versailles , after World War I . Today , the Congress of France - the name given to the body created when both houses of the French Parliament , the National Assembly and the Senate , meet - gathers in the Château de Versailles to vote on revisions to the Constitution .
The Fort de Saint-Cyr , located in the commune of Montigny-le-Bretonneux , ( Yvelines ) , is one of the forts built at the end of the 19th century to defend Paris . After the first world war the fort was used as an army weather station and arms depot . Classed in 1992 as a monument historique , it is now used as a film depository for the preservation of movies under the Cinémathèque française .
Montigny-le-Bretonneux ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mɔ̃tiɲi lə bʁətɔnø ] ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France . It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris , 24.5 kilometres ( 15.2 miles ) from the centre of Paris , in the new town of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines , of which it is the central and most populated commune .