List of indoor arenas in Europe
Proposed arenas
Table:
Arena

Capacity

Ground
breaking

Opening

Location

Country

Hala Narodowa

24,000

2017

2020

Warsaw

Poland

MSG Sphere London

21,500[34]

TBD

TBD

London

United Kingdom

Arena Polivalentă

20,000[35]

2019

2022

Bucharest

Romania

YTL Arena Bristol

17,000[36]

TBD

2022

Bristol

United Kingdom

Sala Polivalentă

16,000[37]

2020

2022

Timișoara

Romania

New Cardiff Bay Arena

15,000[38]

TBD

TBD

Cardiff

United Kingdom

Arena Santa Giulia

15,000

TBD

TBD

Milan

Italy

Quayside Arena

12,500[39]

TBD

2023

Gateshead

United Kingdom

SAP Garden

11,500[40]

2019

2021

Munich

Germany

Bergen Byarena

11,000[41]

TBD

TBD

Bergen

Norway

Helsinki Garden

10,500

TBD

TBD

Helsinki

Finland

Uppsala Arena

10,000

TBD

TBD

Uppsala

Sweden

Sala Polivalentă

10,000[42]

TBD

TBD

Iași

Romania

Sala Polivalentă

10,000[43]

2020

2022

Brașov

Romania

Drawing on the following table plus the background passages provided.

State the answer to the question: On what river is the city that hosts the arena with the largest capacity in Romania on ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Warsaw ( /ˈwɔːrsɔː/ WOR-saw ; Polish : Warszawa [ varˈʂava ] ( listen ) ; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of Poland . The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.8 million residents . With a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents , Warsaw is the 5th most-populous urban area in the European Union . The city limits cover 517.24 square kilometres ( 199.71 sq mi ) , while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres ( 2,355.39 sq mi ) . Warsaw is an alpha global city , a major international tourist destination , and a significant cultural , political and economic hub . Its historical old town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Once described as the Paris of the North , Warsaw was believed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world until World War II . Bombed at the start of the German invasion in 1939 , the city withstood a siege for which it was later awarded Poland 's highest military decoration for heroism , the Virtuti Militari . Deportations of the Jewish population to concentration camps led to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and the destruction of the Ghetto after a month of combat . A general Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944 led to even greater devastation and systematic razing by the Germans in advance of the Vistula-Oder Offensive . Warsaw gained the new title of Phoenix City because of its extensive history and complete reconstruction after World War II , which had left over 85% of its buildings in ruins . Warsaw is one of Europe 's most dynamic metropolitan cities .
Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 .
The MSG Sphere London is a proposed music and entertainment venue to be built in Stratford area London , England , United Kingdom .
London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
Bucharest ( UK : /ˌbuːkəˈrɛst/ BOO-kə-REST , US : /ˈbuːkərɛst/ -⁠rest ; Romanian : București [ bukuˈreʃtʲ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Romania , as well as its cultural , industrial , and financial centre . It is located in the southeast of the country , at 44°25′57″N 26°06′14″E / 44.43250°N 26.10389°E / 44.43250 ; 26.10389Coordinates : 44°25′57″N 26°06′14″E / 44.43250°N 26.10389°E / 44.43250 ; 26.10389 , on the banks of the Dâmbovița River , less than 60 km ( 37.3 mi ) north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border . Bucharest was first mentioned in documents in 1459 . It became the capital of Romania in 1862 and is the centre of Romanian media , culture , and art . Its architecture is a mix of historical ( neo-classical and Art Nouveau ) , interbellum ( Bauhaus , and art deco ) , communist era and modern . In the period between the two World Wars , the city 's elegant architecture and the sophistication of its elite earned Bucharest the nickname of 'Paris of the East ' ( Romanian : Parisul Estului ) or 'Little Paris ' ( Romanian : Micul Paris ) . Although buildings and districts in the historic city centre were heavily damaged or destroyed by war , earthquakes , and even Nicolae Ceaușescu 's program of systematization , many survived and have been renovated . In recent years , the city has been experiencing an economic and cultural boom . It is one of the fastest-growing high-tech cities in Europe , according to Financial Times , CBRE , TechCrunch and others . UiPath , a global startup founded in Bucharest , has reached $ 7 billion in valuation . Since 2019 , Bucharest hosts the largest high tech summit in Southeast Europe ( Romania Blockchain Summit ) . In 2016 , the historical city centre was listed as 'endangered ' by the World Monuments Watch .
Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania .
YTL Arena Bristol is a planned 17,000-capacity indoor arena , located on the former Filton Airfields Brabazon hangar . Original plans were for the arena to be built next to Bristol Temple Meads railway station in Bristol , England , and was expected to be completed in 2020 . The site , which has become known as 'Arena Island ' , is to the south and across the River Avon from the station , and lies within Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone . The funding package for the arena scheme was approved by Bristol City Council in February 2014 . The winning design , by Populous , was revealed in March 2015 . With the opening of the First Direct Arena in Leeds in the summer of 2013 , Bristol became the largest city in the United Kingdom without a large arena-style venue . As of late 2013 , Bristol 's two largest music venues are the Colston Hall and the O2 Academy , which both hold around 2,000 people each . In January 2017 a new contractor had to be sought following a failure to agree build costs . In September 2018 the plans to build the arena near Temple Meads were abandoned , primarily on cost and risk grounds . In 2019 , YTL Corporation released details regarding their proposal to build the arena at the former Filton Airfield site .
Bristol ( /ˈbrɪstəl/ ( listen ) ) is a city and county in South West England with a population of 463,400 . The wider district has the 10th-largest population in England . The urban area population of 724,000 is the 8th-largest in the UK . The city borders North Somerset and South Gloucestershire , with the cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east , respectively . South Wales lies across the Severn estuary . Iron Age hill forts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers Frome and Avon , and around the beginning of the 11th century , the settlement was known as Brycgstow ( Old English the place at the bridge ) . Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373 when it became a county of itself . From the 13th to the 18th century , Bristol was among the top three English cities , after London , in tax receipts . Bristol was surpassed by the rapid rise of Birmingham , Manchester and Liverpool in the Industrial Revolution . Bristol was a starting place for early voyages of exploration to the New World . On a ship out of Bristol in 1497 John Cabot , a Venetian , became the first European since the Vikings to land on mainland North America . In 1499 William Weston , a Bristol merchant , was the first Englishman to lead an exploration to North America .
Timișoara ( UK : /ˌtɪmiˈʃwɑːrə/ , US : /ˌtiːm-/ , Romanian : [ timiˈʃo̯ara ] ( listen ) ; German : Temeswar [ ˈtɛmɛʃvaːɐ̯ ] , also Temeschburg or Temeschwar ; Hungarian : Temesvár [ ˈtɛmɛʃvaːr ] ( listen ) ; Serbian : Темишвар ; Turkish : Temeşvar ) is the capital city of Timiș County , the 3rd largest city in Romania and the main social , economic and cultural centre in western Romania . Nicknamed the Little Vienna or the City of Flowers , Timișoara is considered the informal capital city of the historical Banat . The countrys third most populous city is the economic hub of the region , with 319,279 inhabitants as of the 2011 census , home to almost a half-million inhabitants in the metropolitan area , as well as ca . 50,000 students from over 50 countries . In late contemporary times , Timișoara , like many other large cities in Romania , is a medical tourism service provider especially for dental care . It also offers excellent academic institutions , attracting thousands international students annually mainly at its medical school . As a technology hub , the city has one of the most powerful IT sectors in Romania alongside Bucharest , Cluj-Napoca , Iași and Brașov , becoming a popular tech destination according to Financial Times . In 2013 Timișoara had the fastest internet download speed in the world . It was the first city in the Habsburg Monarchy with street lighting ( 1760 ) and the first European city to be lit by electric street lamps in 1884 . It opened the first public lending library with reading room in the Habsburg Empire and built a municipal hospital 24 years before Vienna . Also , it published the first German newspaper in Southeast Europe ( Temeswarer Nachrichten ) . It has been an important centre for music in Europe since the 19th century .
The Red Dragon Centre is an indoor entertainment complex in southern Cardiff , the capital of Wales . It was originally known as the Atlantic Wharf Leisure Village when it opened in August 1997 . The complex features restaurants , cafés , a Hollywood Bowl bowling alley with arcade amusements , an Odeon multiplex cinema , a casino and an on-site car park . It is located in the Cardiff Bay area , opposite the Wales Millennium Centre . This is close to the A4232 and near Cardiff Bay railway station . It is directly served by Cardiff Bus routes 6 ( Baycar ) and 8 ( via Grangetown , Central Station ) to the city centre .
Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development .
Milan ( /mɪˈlæn/ , US also /mɪˈlɑːn/ , Italian : Milano [ miˈlaːno ] ( listen ) , Milanese : [ miˈlãː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northern Italy , capital of Lombardy , and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome . Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire , the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia . The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.23 million inhabitants . Its continuously built-up urban area , that stretches well beyond the boundaries of its administrative metropolitan city , is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants . The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area , also known as Greater Milan , is estimated at 8.2 million , making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU . Milan is considered a leading alpha global city , with strengths in the field of the art , commerce , design , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , services , research and tourism . Its business district hosts Italy 's stock exchange ( Italian : Borsa Italiana ) , and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies . In terms of GDP , it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris , and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities . Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the Four Motors for Europe . The city has been recognized as one of the world 's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs , including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair , which are currently among the world 's biggest in terms of revenue , visitors and growth . It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015 . The city hosts numerous cultural institutions , academies and universities , with 11% of the national total enrolled students .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear , England , on the southern bank of the River Tyne opposite Newcastle upon Tyne . Gateshead and Newcastle are joined by seven bridges across the Tyne , including the Gateshead Millennium Bridge . The town is known for its architecture , including the Sage Gateshead , the Angel of the North and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art . Residents of Gateshead , like the rest of Tyneside , are referred to as Geordies . Gateshead 's population in 2011 was 120,046 . Historically part of County Durham , under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough , meaning it was administered independently of the county council . Since 1974 , the town has been administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead within the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear .
SAP Garden is a planned 11,500-capacity indoor arena , to be build in Oympiapark , Munich . It is expected to be completed in summer 2021 . The site will be build at the location of the former Radstadion which was demolished in 2015 . It will become home ground for ice hockey team EHC Red Bull Munich and basketball team Bayern Munich .
Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .
Bergen ( Norwegian pronunciation : [ ˈbæ̀rɡn̩ ] ( listen ) ) , historically Bjørgvin , is a city and municipality in Vestland on the west coast of Norway . At the end of the first quarter of 2018 [ update ] , the municipality 's population was 280,216 , and the Bergen metropolitan region has about 420,000 inhabitants . Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway . The municipality covers 465 square kilometres ( 180 sq mi ) and is on the peninsula of Bergenshalvøyen . The city centre and northern neighbourhoods are on Byfjorden , 'the city fjord ' , and the city is surrounded by mountains ; Bergen is known as the 'city of seven mountains ' . Many of the extra-municipal suburbs are on islands . Bergen is the administrative centre of Hordaland , and consists of eight boroughs : Arna , Bergenhus , Fana , Fyllingsdalen , Laksevåg , Ytrebygda , Årstad , and Åsane . Trading in Bergen may have started as early as the 1020s . According to tradition , the city was founded in 1070 by king Olav Kyrre and was named Bjørgvin , 'the green meadow among the mountains ' . It served as Norway 's capital in the 13th century , and from the end of the 13th century became a bureau city of the Hanseatic League . Until 1789 , Bergen enjoyed exclusive rights to mediate trade between Northern Norway and abroad and it was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s when it was overtaken by the capital , Christiania ( now known as Oslo ) . What remains of the quays , Bryggen , is a World Heritage Site .
Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg .
Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world .
Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions .
Uppsala Eventcenter is a planned multi-purpose indoor arena in Uppsala , Sweden . Once completed , it will become the ice hockey team Almtuna IS 's home arena . It will have a capacity of 6,800 people during ice hockey games . There have been concerns that building the arena next to Gränby centrum might destroy the habitat of newts . The slope where the arena is planned is thought to function as an dwelling place for newts during winter and is therefore included in a consideration zone ( Swedish : hänsynsområde ) for newts . Number of small dams have been built in the area previously to avoid the already threatened newts from disappearing from the zone . Although the arena , as its current name suggests , was intended to be used for other activities than sports , it has since been decided in August 2018 that the arena will only be designed and used for sports .
Uppsala ( /ˈʊpsɑːlə , ˈʌp-/ , also US : /-sələ , ˈuːpsɑːlə , ʊpˈsɑːlə/ or all ending in /-sɑːlɑː/ , Swedish : [ ˈɵ̂pːˌsɑːla ] ( listen ) ; archaically spelled Upsala ) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm , Gothenburg , and Malmö . It had 168,096 inhabitants in 2017 . Located 71 km ( 44 mi ) north of the capital Stockholm it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality . Since 1164 , Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden , being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden . Uppsala is home to Scandinavia 's largest cathedral - Uppsala Cathedral . Founded in 1477 , Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia . Among many achievements , the Celsius scale for temperature was invented there .
Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .
Iași ( UK : /ˈjæʃi/ YASH-ee , US : /ˈjɑːʃ ( i ) / YAHSH ( -ee ) , Romanian : [ ˈjaʃʲ ] ( listen ) ) , also referred to as Jassy or Iassy ( UK : /ˈjæsi/ YASS-ee , US : /ˈjɑːsi/ YAH-see ) , is the second largest city in Romania , and the seat of Iași County . Located in the historical region of Moldavia , Iași has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social , cultural , academic and artistic life . The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1564 to 1859 , then of the United Principalities from 1859 to 1862 , and the capital of Romania from 1916 to 1918 . Known as The Cultural Capital of Romania , Iași is a symbol in Romanian history . The historian Nicolae Iorga said There should be no Romanian who does not know of it . Still referred to as The Moldavian Capital , Iași is the main economic and business centre of the Moldavian region of Romania . In December 2018 , Iași was officially declared Historical capital of Romania . At the 2011 census , the city proper had a population of 290,422 ( making it the fourth most populous in Romania at the time ) . With 474,035 residents ( as of 2015 [ update ] ) , the Iași urban area is the second most populous in Romania ( after Bucharest ) , whereas more than 500,000 people live within its peri-urban area . Home to the oldest Romanian university and to the first engineering school , Iași is one of the most important education and research centres of the country , and accommodates over 60,000 students in 5 public universities . The social and cultural life revolves around the Vasile Alecsandri National Theater ( the oldest in Romania ) , the Moldova State Philharmonic , the Opera House , the Iași Athenaeum , a famous Botanical Garden ( the oldest and largest in Romania ) , the Central University Library ( the oldest in Romania ) , the high quality cultural centres and festivals , an array of museums , memorial houses , religious and historical monuments . The city is also known as the site of the largest Romanian pilgrimage which takes place each year , in October .
Brașov ( UK : /bræˈʃɒv/ , US : /brɑːˈʃɔːv , -ɔːf/ , Romanian : [ braˈʃov ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Corona ; German : Kronstadt ; Transylvanian Saxon : Kruhnen ; Hungarian : Brassó ) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County . According to the latest Romanian census ( 2011 ) , Brașov has a population of 253,200 making it the 7th most populous city in Romania . The metropolitan area is home to 382,896 residents . Brașov is located in the central part of the country , about 166 kilometres ( 103 miles ) north of Bucharest and 380 kilometres ( 236 miles ) from the Black Sea . It is surrounded by the Southern Carpathians and is part of the historical region of Transylvania . The city is notable for being the regional capital of the Transylvanian Saxons of the Burzenland administrative area in the past , and a large commercial hub on the trade roads between East and West . It is also the birthplace of the national anthem of Romania .