ISO 4217
Active codes
Table:
Code
Num
E[a]
Currency
Locations using this currency

AED
784
2
United Arab Emirates dirham
United Arab Emirates

AFN
971
2
Afghan afghani
Afghanistan

ALL
008
2
Albanian lek
Albania

AMD
051
2
Armenian dram
Armenia

ANG
532
2
Netherlands Antillean guilder
Curaçao (CW), Sint Maarten (SX)

AOA
973
2
Angolan kwanza
Angola

ARS
032
2
Argentine peso
Argentina

AUD
036
2
Australian dollar
Australia, Christmas Island (CX), Cocos (Keeling) Islands (CC), Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HM), Kiribati (KI), Nauru (NR), Norfolk Island (NF), Tuvalu (TV)

AWG
533
2
Aruban florin
Aruba

AZN
944
2
Azerbaijani manat
Azerbaijan

BAM
977
2
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
Bosnia and Herzegovina

BBD
052
2
Barbados dollar
Barbados

BDT
050
2
Bangladeshi taka
Bangladesh

BGN
975
2
Bulgarian lev
Bulgaria

BHD
048
3
Bahraini dinar
Bahrain

BIF
108
0
Burundian franc
Burundi

BMD
060
2
Bermudian dollar
Bermuda

BND
096
2
Brunei dollar
Brunei

BOB
068
2
Boliviano
Bolivia

BOV
984
2
Bolivian Mvdol (funds code)
Bolivia

Considering the table together with the supporting evidence below.

Give the answer to the question: What is the capital of the country using a currency with an ISO 4217 code of AWG ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

The United Arab Emirates dirham ( Arabic : درهم , sign : د.إ ; code : AED ) , also known as simply the Emirati dirham , is the currency of the United Arab Emirates . The term dirham is officially abbreviated AED , while unofficial abbreviations include DH or Dhs . The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils ( فلس ) .
The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ; Arabic : الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyyah al-Muttaḥidah ) , sometimes simply called the Emirates ( Arabic : الإمارات al-ʾImārāt ) , is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi ( which serves as the capital ) , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain . Their boundaries are complex , with numerous enclaves within the various emirates . Each emirate is governed by a ruler ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha , Sharjah . Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais . Known as Magan to the Sumerians , the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period , which traded between the Indus Valley , Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran , Bactria and the Levant . The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior . The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba . The UAE 's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar , in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area .
The afghani ( sign : Afs or AFs ; code : AFN ; Pashto : افغانۍ ; Dari : افغانی ) is the currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , which is issued by the nation 's central bank called Da Afghanistan Bank . It is nominally subdivided into 100 puls ( پول ) , although there are no pul coins currently in circulation . In 2019 , one U.S. dollar was exchanged for approximately 75 afghanis .
Afghanistan ( /æfˈɡænɪstæn , æfˈɡɑːnɪstɑːn/ ( listen ) ; Pashto/Dari : افغانستان , Pashto : Afġānistān [ avɣɒnisˈtɒn , ab- ] , [ a ] Dari : Afġānestān [ avɣɒnesˈtɒn ] ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country in Asia . Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south ; [ b ] Iran to the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan to the north ; and China to the northeast . Occupying 652,000 square kilometers ( 252,000 sq mi ) , it is a mountainous country with plains in the north and southwest . Kabul is the capital and largest city . The population is 32 million , mostly composed of ethnic Pashtuns , Tajiks , Hazaras and Uzbeks . Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era , and the country 's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia . The land has historically been home to various peoples and has witnessed numerous military campaigns , including those by Alexander the Great , Mauryas , Muslim Arabs , Mongols , British , Soviets , and by the United States with allied countries . The land also served as the source from which the Kushans , Hephthalites , Samanids , Saffarids , Ghaznavids , Ghorids , Khaljis , Mughals , Hotaks , Durranis , and others have risen to form major empires . The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century . In the late 19th century , Afghanistan became a buffer state in the Great Game between British India and the Russian Empire . Its border with British India , the Durand Line , was formed in 1893 but it is not recognized by the Afghan government and it has led to strained relations with Pakistan since the latter 's independence in 1947 . Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 the country was free of foreign influence , eventually becoming a monarchy under Amanullah Khan , until almost 50 years later when Zahir Shah was overthrown and a republic was established .
The lek ( Albanian : Leku Shqiptar ; plural lekë ) ( sign : L ; code : ALL ) is the official currency of Albania . It was formerly subdivided into 100 qindarka ( singular qindarkë ) , but qindarka are no longer issued .
Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .
The dram ( Armenian : դրամ ; sign : ֏ ; code : AMD ) is the monetary unit of Armenia and the neighboring unrecognized Republic of Artsakh ( Nagorno-Karabakh ) . It was historically subdivided into 100 luma ( Armenian : լումա ) . The word dram translates into English as money and is cognate with the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham , as well as the English weight unit dram . The first instance of a dram currency was in the period from 1199 to 1375 , when silver coins called dram were issued .
The original native Armenian name for the country was Հայք ( Hayk ) ; however , it is currently rarely used . The contemporary name Հայաստան ( Hayastan ) became popular in the Middle Ages by addition of the Persian suffix -stan ( place ) . [ citation needed ] . However the origins of the name Hayastan trace back to much earlier dates and were first attested in circa 5th century in the works of Agathangelos , Faustus of Byzantium , Ghazar Parpetsi , Koryun , and Sebeos . The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk ( Հայկ ) , the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah , who , according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene ( Movsis Khorenatsi ) , defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region . The further origin of the name is uncertain . It is also further postulated that the name Hay comes from one of the two confederated , Hittite vassal states - the Ḫayaša-Azzi ( 1600-1200 BC ) . The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription ( 515 BC ) as Armina ( ) . The Ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία ( Armenía ) and Ἀρμένιοι ( Arménioi , Armenians ) are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus ( c. 550 BC - c. 476 BC ) . Xenophon , a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions , describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC . Some scholars have linked the name Armenia with the Early Bronze Age state of Armani ( Armanum , Armi ) or the Late Bronze Age state of Arme ( Shupria ) . These connections are inconclusive as it is not known what languages were spoken in these kingdoms .
The Netherlands Antillean guilder ( Dutch : gulden ) is the currency of Curaçao and Sint Maarten , which until 2010 formed the Netherlands Antilles along with Bonaire , Saba , and Sint Eustatius . It is subdivided into 100 cents ( Dutch plural form : centen ) . The guilder was replaced by the United States dollar on 1 January 2011 on Bonaire , Saba and Sint Eustatius . On Curaçao and Sint Maarten , the Netherlands Antillean guilder was proposed to be replaced by a new currency , the Caribbean guilder , but this has been stalled indefinitely by negotiations over the establishment of a separate central bank for Curaçao .
Curaçao ( /ˈkjʊərəsoʊ , -saʊ , ˌkjʊərəˈsoʊ , -ˈsaʊ/ KEWR-əss-oh , -⁠ow , -⁠OH , -⁠OW , Dutch : [ kyraːˈsʌu , kur- ] ( listen ) ; Papiamento : Kòrsou [ ˈkɔrsɔu̯ ] ) is a Lesser Antilles island in the southern Caribbean Sea and the Dutch Caribbean region , about 65 km ( 40 mi ) north of the Venezuelan coast . It is a constituent country ( Dutch : land ) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Together with Aruba and Bonaire it forms the ABC islands . Collectively , Curaçao and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . The country was formerly part of the Curaçao and Dependencies colony in 1815-1954 and later the Netherlands Antilles in 1954-2010 , as Island Territory of Curaçao ( Dutch : Eilandgebied Curaçao , Papiamento : Teritorio Insular di Kòrsou ) and is now formally called the Country of Curaçao ( Dutch : Land Curaçao , Papiamento : Pais Kòrsou ) . It includes the main island of Curaçao and the much smaller , uninhabited island of Klein Curaçao ( Little Curaçao ) . Curaçao has a population of 158,665 ( January 2019 est . ) and an area of 444 km2 ( 171 sq mi ) ; its capital is Willemstad .
Sint Maarten ( Dutch pronunciation : [ sɪnt ˈmaːrtə ( n ) ] ) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean . With a population of 41,486 as of January 2019 on an area of 34 km2 ( 13 sq mi ) , it encompasses the southern 40% of the divided island of Saint Martin , while the northern 60% of the island constitutes the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Martin . Sint Maarten 's capital is Philipsburg . Collectively , Sint Maarten and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Before 10 October 2010 , Sint Maarten was known as the Island Territory of Sint Maarten ( Dutch : Eilandgebied Sint Maarten ) , and was one of five island territories ( eilandgebieden ) that constituted the Netherlands Antilles.Sint Maarten has the status of an overseas country and territory ( OCT ) and is not part of the EU . On 6 and 7 September 2017 , the island was hit by Category 5+ Hurricane Irma , which caused widespread and significant damage to buildings and infrastructure . As of 2018 , Sint Maarten has the 14th largest GDP per capita in the world ( including territories ) when measured by purchasing power parity , over three times as high as its French counterpart .
The kwanza ( sign : Kz ; ISO 4217 code : AOA ) is the currency of Angola . Four different currencies using the name kwanza have circulated since 1977 . The currency derives its name from the Kwanza River ( Cuanza , Coanza , Quanza ) .
Angola ( /ænˈɡoʊlə/ ( listen ) ; Portuguese : [ ɐ̃ˈɡɔlɐ ] ) , officially the Republic of Angola ( Portuguese : República de Angola ) , is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa . It is the seventh-largest country in Africa , bordered by Namibia to the south , the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Zambia to the east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . Angola has an exclave province , the province of Cabinda that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The capital and largest city of Angola is Luanda . The territory of Angola has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Era , hosting a wide variety of ethnic groups , tribes and kingdoms . The nation state of Angola originated from Portuguese colonisation , which initially began with coastal settlements and trading posts founded in the 16th century . In the 19th century , European settlers gradually began to establish themselves in the interior . The Portuguese colony that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century because of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato , the Kwanyama and the Mbunda . After a protracted anti-colonial struggle , independence was achieved in 1975 as the Marxist-Leninist People 's Republic of Angola , a one-party state supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba . The civil war between the ruling People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) and the insurgent anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) , supported by the United States and apartheid South Africa , lasted until 2002 . The sovereign state has since become a relatively stable unitary , presidential constitutional republic . Angola has vast mineral and petroleum reserves , and its economy is among the fastest-growing in the world , especially since the end of the civil war ; however , the standard of living remains low for most of the population , and life expectancy in Angola is among the lowest in the world , while infant mortality is among the highest .
The peso ( established as the peso convertible ) is the currency of Argentina , identified by the symbol $ preceding the amount in the same way as many countries using dollar currencies . It is subdivided into 100 centavos . Its ISO 4217 code is ARS . Since the late 20th century , the Argentine peso has experienced a substantial rate of devaluation , reaching 25% year-on-year inflation rate in 2017 . The official exchange rate for the United States dollar hovered around 3:1 from 2002 to 2008 , climbing from 6:1 to 10:1 between 2009 and 2015 . By August 2018 , the rate had risen to 40:1 . In 2019 , the inflation rate experienced the steepest year-on-year increase since the Great Recession . By August 12 , 2019 , the rate had risen to 60:1 after the market 's reaction to the 2019 Argentine primary elections .
Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture .
The Australian dollar ( sign : $ ; code : AUD ) is the currency of Australia , including its external territories : Christmas Island , Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands , and Norfolk Island . It is officially used as currency by three independent Pacific Island states : Kiribati , Nauru , and Tuvalu . It is legal tender in Australia . Within Australia , it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ( $ ) , with A $ or AU $ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies . The $ symbol precedes the amount . It is subdivided into 100 cents . The Australian dollar was introduced on 14 February 1966 to replace the pre-decimal Australian pound , with the conversion rate of A $ 2 per = A₤1 . The Australian dollar was legal tender of Papua New Guinea until 31 December 1975 , when the Papua New Guinean kina became sole legal tender , and of the Solomon Islands until 1977 , when the Solomon Islands dollar became sole legal tender . In 2016 , the Australian dollar was the fifth most traded currency in world foreign exchange markets , accounting for 6.9% of the world 's daily share ( down from 8.6% in 2013 ) behind the United States dollar , the European Union 's euro , the Japanese yen and the United Kingdom 's pound sterling . The Australian dollar is popular with currency traders , because of the comparatively high interest rates in Australia , the relative freedom of the foreign exchange market from government intervention , the general stability of Australia 's economy and political system , and the prevailing view that the Australian dollar offers diversification benefits in a portfolio containing the major world currencies , especially because of its greater exposure to Asian economies and the commodities cycle . As at 31 December 2016 , there were 57.71 billion US $ equivalent in Australian currency in circulation , $ 2,379.05 per person in Australia , which includes cash reserves held by the banking system and cash in circulation in other countries or held as a foreign exchange reserve .
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) .
The Territory of Christmas Island is an Australian external territory comprising the island of the same name . Christmas Island is located in the Indian Ocean , around 350 kilometres ( 220 mi ) south of Java and Sumatra and around 1,550 kilometres ( 960 mi ) north-west of the closest point on the Australian mainland . It has an area of 135 square kilometres ( 52 sq mi ) . Christmas Island had a population of 1,843 residents as of 2016 [ update ] , the majority of whom live in settlements on the northern tip of the island . The main settlement is Flying Fish Cove . Historically , Asian Australians of Chinese , Malay , and Indian descent collectively formed the vast majority of the population . Today , around two-thirds of the island 's population is estimated to have Malaysian Chinese or Singaporean Chinese origin ( though just 21.2% of the population declared a Chinese ancestry in 2016 ) , with significant numbers of Malays and European Australians and smaller numbers of Malaysian Indians and Eurasians . Several languages are in use , including English , Malay , and various Chinese dialects . Islam and Buddhism are major religions on the island , though a vast majority of the population does not declare a formal religious affiliation and may be involved in ethnic Chinese religion . [ original research ? ] The first European to sight the island was Richard Rowe of the Thomas in 1615 . The island was later named on Christmas Day ( 25 December ) 1643 by Captain William Mynors but only settled in the late 19th century .
The Territory of Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands is an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean , comprising a small archipelago approximately midway between Australia and Sri Lanka and closer to the Indonesian island of Sumatra . It is part of Southeast Asia and is in the Southern Hemisphere . The territory 's dual name ( official since the islands incorporation into Australia in 1955 ) reflects that the islands have historically been known as either the Cocos Islands or the Keeling Islands . The territory consists of two atolls made up of 27 coral islands , of which only two - West Island and Home Island - are inhabited . The population of around 600 people consists mainly of Cocos Malays , who mostly practise Sunni Islam and speak a dialect of Malay as their first language . The territory is administered by the Australian federal government 's Department of Infrastructure , Regional Development and Cities , and together with Christmas Island ( which is about 960 kilometres ( 600 mi ) to the east ) forms the Australian Indian Ocean Territories administrative unit . However , the islanders do have a degree of self-government through the local shire council . Many public services - including health , education , and policing - are provided by the state of Western Australia , and Western Australian law applies except where the federal government has determined otherwise . The islands were first discovered in 1609 by William Keeling , but no settlement occurred until the early 19th century . One of the first settlers was John Clunies-Ross , a Scottish merchant ; much of the island 's current population is descended from the Malay workers he brought in to work his copra plantation . The Clunies-Ross family ruled the islands as a private fiefdom for almost 150 years , with the head of the family usually recognised as resident magistrate . The British formally annexed the islands in 1857 , and for the next century they were officially administered from either Ceylon or Singapore .
The Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands ( HIMI ) is an Australian external territory comprising a volcanic group of barren Antarctic islands , about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica . The group 's overall size is 372 km2 ( 144 sq mi ) in area and it has 101.9 km ( 63 mi ) of coastline . Discovered in the mid-19th century , the islands have been an Australian territory since 1947 and contain the country 's two only active volcanoes . The summit of one , Mawson Peak , is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland . The islands lie on the Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian Ocean . The islands are among the most remote places on Earth : They are located approximately 4,099 km ( 2,547 mi ) southwest of Perth , 3,845 km ( 2,389 mi ) southwest of Cape Leeuwin , Australia , 4,200 km ( 2,600 mi ) southeast of South Africa , 3,830 km ( 2,380 mi ) southeast of Madagascar , 1,630 km ( 1,010 mi ) north of Antarctica , and 450 km ( 280 mi ) southeast of the Kerguelen Islands . The islands are currently uninhabited .
Kiribati ( /ˌkɪrɪˈbæs , -ˈbɑːti/ ) , officially the Republic of Kiribati ( Gilbertese : Ribaberiki Kiribati ) , is a country in the central Pacific Ocean . The permanent population is just over 110,000 ( 2015 ) , more than half of whom live on Tarawa atoll . The state comprises 32 atolls and one raised coral island , Banaba . They have a total land area of 800 square kilometres ( 310 sq mi ) and are dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres ( 1.3 million square miles ) . In terms with its Exclusive Economic Zone in the Pacific , it straddles all three primary geographic regions ; Banaba ( Melanesian-Micronesian Border ) , the Gilbert Islands ( Micronesia ) and the Line and Phoenix Islands ( Polynesia ) . Their spread straddles the equator and the 180th meridian , although the International Date Line goes round Kiribati and swings far to the east , almost reaching the 150°W meridian . This brings the Line Islands into the same day as the Kiribati Islands . Kiribati 's easternmost islands , the southern Line Islands , south of Hawaii , have the most advanced time on Earth : UTC+14 hours . Kiribati is the only country in the world to be situated in all four hemispheres . Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom , becoming a sovereign state in 1979 . The capital , South Tarawa , now the most populated area , consists of a number of islets , connected by a series of causeways . These comprise about half the area of Tarawa Atoll .
Nauru ( /nɑːˈuːruː/ nah-OO-roo or /ˈnaʊruː/ NOW-roo ; Nauruan : Naoero ) , officially the Republic of Nauru ( Nauruan : Repubrikin Naoero ) and formerly known as Pleasant Island , is an island country in Micronesia , a subregion of Oceania , in the Central Pacific . Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati , 300 km ( 190 mi ) to the east . It further lies northwest of Tuvalu , 1,300 km ( 810 mi ) northeast of the Solomon Islands , east-northeast of Papua New Guinea , southeast of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of the Marshall Islands . With only a 21 km2 ( 8.1 sq mi ) area , Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world behind Vatican City , and Monaco , making it the smallest state in the South Pacific Ocean , the smallest state outside Europe , the smallest island state , and the smallest republic . Additionally , its population of 10,670 is the world 's third smallest , after Vatican City and Tuvalu . Settled by people from Micronesia and Polynesia c. 1000 BCE , Nauru was annexed and claimed as a colony by the German Empire in the late 19th century . After World War I , Nauru became a League of Nations mandate administered by Australia , New Zealand and the United Kingdom . During World War II , Nauru was occupied by Japanese troops , and was bypassed by the Allied advance across the Pacific . After the war ended , the country entered into United Nations trusteeship . Nauru gained its independence in 1968 , and became a member of the Pacific Community ( SPC ) in 1969 . Nauru is a phosphate-rock island with rich deposits near the surface , which allowed easy strip mining operations . Its remaining phosphate resources are not economically viable for extraction .
Norfolk Island ( /ˈnɔːrfək/ , locally /ˈnɔːrfoʊk/ ; Norfuk : Norf ' k Ailen ) , an Australian external territory , is located in the Pacific Ocean between Australia , New Zealand , and New Caledonia , 1,412 kilometres ( 877 mi ) directly east of mainland Australia 's Evans Head , and about 900 kilometres ( 560 mi ) from Lord Howe Island . Norfolk Island , together with the two neighbouring islands Phillip Island and Nepean Island , form the Territory of Norfolk Island , one of the Commonwealth of Australia 's external territories . At the 2016 Australian census , it had 1748 inhabitants living on a total area of about 35 km2 ( 14 sq mi ) . Its capital is Kingston .
Tuvalu ( /tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo ) ( formerly known as the Ellice Islands ) , is a country in Polynesia , located in the Pacific Ocean , situated in Oceania and about midway between Hawaii and Australia . The island country lies east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands ( which belong to the Solomon Islands ) , southeast of Nauru , south of Kiribati , west of Tokelau , northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna , and north of Fiji . It is composed of three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180° , west of the International Date Line . Tuvalu has a population of 11,192 ( 2017 census ) . The total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres ( 10 sq mi ) . The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians . The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about three thousand years ago . During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the islands as Polynesian navigation skills are recognised to have allowed deliberate journeys on double-hull sailing canoes or outrigger canoes . The pattern of settlement that is believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Samoa and Tonga into the Tuvaluan atolls , with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to further migration into the Polynesian outliers in Melanesia and Micronesia . In 1568 , Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago , sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis . The island of Funafuti was named Ellice 's Island in 1819 ; the name Ellice was applied to all of the nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay . The Ellice Islands came into Great Britain 's sphere of influence in the late 19th century , as the result of a treaty between Great Britain and Germany relating to the demarcation of the spheres of influence in the Pacific Ocean .
The florin [ needs Dutch IPA ] ( sign : Afl . ; code : AWG ) is the currency of Aruba . It is subdivided into 100 cents . The florin was introduced in 1986 , replacing the Netherlands Antillean guilder at par . The Aruban florin is pegged to the United States dollar at the rate of 1.79 florin per USD . US dollars are frequently accepted as payment at the rate of 1.75 florin per USD .
Aruba ( /əˈruːbə/ ə-ROO-bə , Dutch : [ aːˈrubaː , -ryb- ] ( listen ) , Papiamento : [ aˈruba ] ) is an island and a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern Caribbean Sea , located about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the main part of the Lesser Antilles and 29 kilometres ( 18 mi ) north of the coast of Venezuela . It measures 32 kilometres ( 20 mi ) long from its northwestern to its southeastern end and 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) across at its widest point . Together with Bonaire and Curaçao , Aruba forms a group referred to as the ABC islands . Collectively , Aruba and the other Dutch islands in the Caribbean are often called the Dutch Caribbean . Aruba is one of the four countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands , along with the Netherlands , Curaçao , and Sint Maarten ; the citizens of these countries are all Dutch nationals . Aruba has no administrative subdivisions , but , for census purposes , is divided into eight regions . Its capital is Oranjestad . Unlike much of the Caribbean region , Aruba has a dry climate and an arid , cactus-strewn landscape . This climate has helped tourism as visitors to the island can reliably expect warm , sunny weather . It has a land area of 179 km2 ( 69.1 sq mi ) and is densely populated , with a total of 102,484 inhabitants at the 2010 Census . Current estimates of the population place it at 116,600 ( July 2018 est . ) It lies outside Hurricane Alley .
The manat ( code : AZN ; symbol : ₼ ) is the currency of Azerbaijan . It is subdivided into 100 qəpik . The Azerbaijani manat symbol , ₼ ( ) , was assigned to Unicode U+20BC in 2013 . A lowercase m can be used as a substitute for the manat symbol .
Azerbaijan ( UK : /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , -ˈʒɑːn/ ( listen ) , US : /ˌɑːzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn , ˌæz-/ ; Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ] ) , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ( Azerbaijani : Azərbaycan Respublikası [ ɑːzæɾbɑjˈd͡ʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ ] ) , is a landlocked country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Central Asia . It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east , Russia to the north , Georgia to the northwest , Armenia to the west and Iran to the south . The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east , Iran to the south and west , and has an 11 km ( 6.8 mi ) long border with Turkey in the northwest . The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state . In 1920 the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic . The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991 , shortly before the dissolution of the USSR in the same year . In September 1991 , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to form the Republic of Artsakh . The region and seven adjacent districts outside it became de facto independent with the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994 . These regions are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE . Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic . It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Turkic Council and the TÜRKSOY community . Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations , including the United Nations ( since 1992 ) , the Council of Europe , the Non-Aligned Movement , the OSCE , and the NATO Partnership for Peace ( PfP ) program .
The Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark ( Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian : konvertibilna marka , Cyrillic : конвертибилна марка ) ; sign : KM ; code : BAM ) is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina . It is divided into 100 pfenigs or fenings ( Bosnian , Croatian , Serbian : pfenig/fening ; Cyrillic : пфениг/фенинг ) , and locally abbreviated KM .
Bosnia and Herzegovina , [ a ] abbreviated BiH or B & H , [ b ] sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia , is a country of South and Southeast Europe , located within the Balkans . Sarajevo is the capital and largest city . Bosnia and Herzegovina is an almost landlocked country - to the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea , about 20 kilometres ( 12 miles ) long and surrounding the town of Neum . It is bordered by Serbia to the east , Montenegro to the southeast , and Croatia surrounding north and southwest . In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous , in the northwest moderately hilly , and the northeast predominantly flatland . The inland , Bosnia , is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate , with hot summers and cold and snowy winters . The southern tip , Herzegovina , has a Mediterranean climate and mostly mountainous topography . Bosnia and Herzegovina traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age , during and after which it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations . Culturally , politically , and socially , the country has a rich history , having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries . In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established , which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century , after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire , under whose rule it remained from the mid-15th to the late 19th centuries . The Ottomans brought Islam to the region , and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country . This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , which lasted up until World War I .
The dollar has been the currency of Barbados since 1935 . The present dollar has the ISO 4217 code BBD and is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $ or , alternatively , Bds $ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies . It is divided into 100 cents .
Barbados ( /bɑːrˈbeɪdɒs/ ( listen ) or /-doʊs/ ) is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies , in the Caribbean region of North America . It is 34 kilometres ( 21 miles ) in length and up to 23 km ( 14 mi ) in width , covering an area of 432 km2 ( 167 sq mi ) . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 km ( 62 mi ) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea ; therein , Barbados is east of the Windwards , part of the Lesser Antilles , roughly at 13°N of the equator . It is about 168 km ( 104 mi ) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km ( 110 mi ) south-east of Martinique and 400 km ( 250 mi ) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago . Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt . Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown . Inhabited by Kalinago people since the 13th century , and prior to that by other Amerindians , Barbados was visited by Spanish navigators in the late 15th century and claimed for the Spanish Crown . It first appeared in a Spanish map in 1511 . The Portuguese Empire claimed the island between 1532 and 1536 , but later abandoned it in 1620 ; with their only remnants being an introduction of wild boars for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited , and to replenish their water supply . An English ship , the Olive Blossom , arrived in Barbados on 14 May 1625 ; its men took possession of it in the name of King James I . In 1627 , the first permanent settlers arrived from England , and it became an English and later British colony . As a wealthy sugar colony , it became an English centre of the African slave trade until that trade was outlawed in 1807 , with final emancipation of slaves in Barbados occurring over a period of years from 1833 .
The Bangladeshi taka . Issuance of banknotes ৳10 and larger is controlled by Bangladesh Bank , and for the ৳2 and ৳5 banknotes , which are the responsibility of the ministry of finance of the government of Bangladesh . The most commonly used symbol for the taka is ৳ and Tk , used on receipts while purchasing goods and services . ৳1 is subdivided into 100 poysha .
Bangladesh ( Bengali : বাংলাদেশ ) pronounced /ˌbɑːŋlɑːˈdɛʃ/ ( bung-lah-desh ) or [ ˈbaŋladeʃ ] ( listen ) ; literally meaning The country of Bengal ; and officially called the People 's Republic of Bangladesh ( গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's 8th-most populous country with nearly 163 million people , and is the 92nd-largest country in land area , spanning 147,570 square kilometres ( 56,980 sq mi ) , making it one of the most densely-populated countries in the world . Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west , north , and east , Myanmar to the southeast , and the Bay of Bengal to the south . It is narrowly separated from Nepal and Bhutan by India 's Siliguri Corridor in the north and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the northeast . Dhaka , the capital and largest city , is the nation 's economic , political and cultural hub . Chittagong , the largest sea port , is the second largest city . The dominant geographic feature is the Ganges delta , which empties into the Bay of Bengal the combined waters of several river systems , including the Brahmaputra and the Ganges , with numerous criss-crossing rivers and inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests cover the northeastern and southeastern regions . The seacoast features the longest natural sea beach and most of the world 's largest mangrove forest . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plants and wildlife , including the endangered Bengal tiger , the national animal . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . According to the ancient Indian epics , Ramayana and Mahabharata , the Vanga Kingdom , one of the namesakes of the Bengal region , was a strong naval ally of the legendary Ayodhya .
The lev ( Bulgarian : лев , plural : лева , левове / leva , levove ) is the currency of Bulgaria . In archaic Bulgarian the word lev meant lion , a word which in the modern language became lăv ( IPA : [ ɫɤf ] ; in Bulgarian : лъв ) . The lev is pegged to the Euro at 1 € = 1.95583 leva . In archaic Bulgarian the word lev meant lion , a word which in the modern language became lăv ( IPA : [ ɫɤf ] ; in Bulgarian : лъв ) . The lev is divided in 100 stotinki ( стотинки , singular : stotinka , стотинка ) . Stotinka in Bulgarian means a hundreth and in fact is a translation of the French term centime . Grammatically the word stotinka comes from the word sto ( сто ) - a hundred .
Bulgaria ( /bʌlˈɡɛəriə , bʊl-/ ( listen ) ; Bulgarian : България , romanized : Balgariya ) , officially the Republic of Bulgaria ( Bulgarian : Република България , romanized : Republika Balgariya , IPA : [ rɛˈpublikɐ bɐɫˈɡarijɐ ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe . It is bordered by Romania to the north , Serbia and North Macedonia to the west , Greece and Turkey to the south , and the Black Sea to the east . The capital and largest city is Sofia ; other major cities are Plovdiv , Varna and Burgas . With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres ( 42,855 sq mi ) , Bulgaria is Europe 's 16th-largest country . One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture , which dates back to 6,500 BC . In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for Thracians , Persians , Celts and ancient Macedonians ; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45 . The Eastern Roman , or Byzantine , Empire lost some of these territories to an invading Bulgar horde in the late 7th century . The Bulgars founded the First Bulgarian Empire in AD 681 , which dominated most of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by developing the Cyrillic script . This state lasted until the early 11th century , when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it . A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire , which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II ( 1218-1241 ) . After numerous exhausting wars and feudal strife , the Second Bulgarian Empire disintegrated in 1396 and its territories fell under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries . The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 resulted in the formation of the current Third Bulgarian State .
The dinar ( Arabic : دينار Dīnār Baḥrēnī ) ( sign : .د.ب or BD ; code : BHD ) is the currency of Bahrain . It is divided into 1000 fils ( فلس ) . The Bahraini dinar is abbreviated د.ب ( Arabic ) or BD ( Latin ) . It is usually represented with three decimal places denoting the fils . The name dinar derives from the Roman denarius .
Bahrain ( /bɑːˈreɪn/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : البحرين al-Baḥrayn Arabic pronunciation : [ al baħrajn ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain ( Arabic : مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn ) , is a sovereign state in the Persian Gulf . The island nation comprises a small archipelago centered around Bahrain Island , situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia , to which it is connected by the 25-kilometre ( 16 mi ) King Fahd Causeway . According to the most recent 2010 census , Bahrain 's population is over 1.2 million , of which around half are non-nationals . At 780 square kilometres ( 300 sq mi ) in size , it is the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore . The capital and largest city is Manama . Bahrain is the site of the ancient Dilmun civilization . It has been famed since antiquity for its pearl fisheries , which were considered the best in the world into the 19th century . Bahrain was one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam , in 628 AD . Following a period of Arab rule , Bahrain was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521 , who in turn were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty under the Persian Empire . In 1783 , the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and it has since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family , with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain 's first hakim . In the late 1800s , following successive treaties with the British , Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom . In 1971 , it declared independence .
The franc ( ISO 4217 code is BIF ) is the currency of Burundi . It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes , although coins have never been issued in centimes since Burundi began issuing its own currency . Only during the period when Burundi used the Belgian Congo franc were centime coins issued .
Burundi ( /bəˈrʊndi/ ( listen ) , /-ˈrʌn-/ ) , officially the Republic of Burundi ( Kirundi : Republika y'Uburundi , [ u.βu.ɾǔː.ndi ] ; French : République du Burundi , [ buʁundi ] or [ byʁyndi ] ) , is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge . It is bordered by Rwanda to the north , Tanzania to the east and southeast , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border . The capital is Bujumbura . The Twa , Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years . For more than 200 of those years , Burundi was an independent kingdom , until the beginning of the 20th century , when Germany colonised the region . After the First World War and Germany 's defeat , it ceded the territory to Belgium . Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi . Despite common misconceptions , Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation . Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy , but a series of assassinations , coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966 . Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the economy undeveloped and the population as one of the world 's poorest . The presidents of Rwanda and Burundi , both Hutus , died together when their aeroplane was shot down in April 1994 . 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office , a coup attempt failed and the country 's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community .
The Bermudian dollar ( symbol : $ ; code : BMD ; also abbreviated BD $ ; informally called the Bermuda dollar ) is the official currency of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda . It is subdivided into 100 cents . The Bermudian dollar is not normally traded outside Bermuda , and is pegged to the United States dollar at a one-to-one ratio . Both currencies circulate in Bermuda on an equal basis .
Bermuda ( /bərˈmjuːdə/ ) ( in full , the Islands of Bermuda ) is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean . It is approximately 1,070 km ( 665 mi ) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras , North Carolina ; 1,236 km ( 768 mi ) south of Cape Sable Island , Nova Scotia ; and 1,759 km ( 1,093 mi ) northeast of Cuba . Though it is typically referred to in the singular , Bermuda consists of 181 islands ; the largest of these islands is known as Main Island . The capital city of Bermuda is Hamilton . Bermuda is self-governing , with its own constitution and government and a Parliament which makes local laws . The United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations . As of July 2018 , it has a population of 71,176 , making it the most populous of the British overseas territories . Bermuda 's largest economic sectors are offshore insurance , reinsurance , and tourism . Bermuda had one of the world 's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century . It has a subtropical climate and lies in the hurricane belt and thus is prone to related severe weather ; however , it is somewhat protected by a coral reef and by its position at the north of the belt , which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms .
The Brunei dollar ( Malay : ringgit Brunei , currency code : BND ) , has been the currency of the Sultanate of Brunei since 1967 . It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $ , or alternatively B $ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies . It is divided into 100 sen ( Malay ) or cents ( English ) . The Brunei dollar is issued by the Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam ( Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam ) . Under a Currency Interchangeability Agreement in 1967 , the Brunei dollar is interchangeable with the Singapore dollar at par . As such , the Brunei dollar is accepted in Singapore as customary tender ; likewise , the Singapore dollar is accepted for payments in Brunei .
Brunei ( /bruːˈnaɪ/ ( listen ) broo-NY ) , officially the Nation of Brunei , the Abode of Peace ( Malay : Negara Brunei Darussalam , Jawi : نڬارا بروني دارالسلام ) , is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia . Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea , the country is completely surrounded by the insular Malaysian state of Sarawak . It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang . Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo ; the remainder of the island 's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia . Brunei 's population was 428,963 in 2018 . At the peak of the Bruneian Empire , Sultan Bolkiah ( reigned 1485-1528 ) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo , including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah , as well as the Sulu Archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo , Seludong ( modern-day Manila ) , and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo . The maritime state was visited by Spain 's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in the 1578 Castilian War . During the 19th century , the Bruneian Empire began to decline . The Sultanate ceded Sarawak ( Kuching ) to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah , and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company . In 1888 , Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906 . After the Japanese occupation during World War II , in 1959 a new constitution was written . In 1962 , a small armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British .
The boliviano ( sign : Bs ISO 4217 code : BOB ) is the currency of Bolivia . It is divided into 100 cents or centavos in Spanish . Boliviano was also the name of the currency of Bolivia between 1864 and 1963 . From April 2018 , the manager of the Central Bank of Bolivia , Pablo Ramos , announced the introduction of the new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State of Bolivia , started with the 10 Bs note , and then gradually arrived to introduce the 200 Bs note , presented in April 2019 . The new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State received several awards such as the best banknotes in Latin America , was highlighted by its security measures , its aesthetics and its inclusion of prominent figures in Bolivian history , being among those who awarded the Latin American High Security Printing Press Conference .
Bolivia ( /bəˈlɪviə/ ( listen ) Spanish pronunciation : [ bo.ˈli.βja ] ) , officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia ( Spanish : Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðo pluɾinasjoˈnal de βoˈliβja ] ( listen ) ) , is a landlocked country located in western-central South America . The capital is Sucre , while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz . The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra , located on the Llanos Orientales ( tropical lowlands ) , a mostly flat region in the east of the country . The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state , divided into nine departments . Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West , to the Eastern Lowlands , situated within the Amazon Basin . It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by Argentina , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range . With 1,098,581 km2 ( 424,164 sq mi ) of area , Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America , after Brazil , Argentina , Peru and Colombia ( and alongside Paraguay , one of the only two landlocked countries in the Americas ) , the 27th largest in the world , the largest landlocked country in the Southern Hemisphere and the world 's seventh largest landlocked country , after Kazakhstan , Mongolia , Chad , Niger , Mali and Ethiopia . The country 's population , estimated at 11 million , is multiethnic , including Amerindians , Mestizos , Europeans , Asians and Africans . Spanish is the official and predominant language , although 36 indigenous languages also have official status , of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani , Aymara and Quechua languages . Before Spanish colonization , the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire , while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes . Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century .