Hamburg Nord (electoral district)
District representatives
Table:
Year

Name

Party

First vote %

2009

Dirk Fischer

CDU

38.4%

2005

Christian Carstensen

SPD

43.3%

2002

Anke Hartnagel

SPD

48.4%

1998

Anke Hartnagel

SPD

47.1%

1994

Dirk Fischer

CDU

40.9%

1990

Dirk Fischer

CDU

41.6%

1987

Dirk Fischer

CDU

42.8%

1983

Hans Apel

SPD

45.7%

1980

Hans Apel

SPD

49.7%

Using the following table along with the relevant paragraphs listed at the end.

Respond to the question below: The elections seeing the first election of Dirk Fischer were the last elections before what major event in German history ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

Federal elections took place on 27 September 2009 to elect the members of the 17th Bundestag ( parliament ) of Germany . Preliminary results showed that the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) , its Bavarian sister party , the Christian Social Union ( CSU ) , and the Free Democratic Party ( FDP ) won the election , and the three parties announced their intention to form a new centre-right government with Angela Merkel as Chancellor . Their main opponent , Frank-Walter Steinmeier 's Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) , conceded defeat . The Christian Democrats previously governed in coalition with the FDP in most of the 1949-1966 governments of Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard and the 1982-1998 governments of Helmut Kohl .
Dirk Fischer ( born 29 November 1943 ) is a German politician . He is a member of the CDU party . Between 1980 and 2017 Fischer was an MP of the German Bundestag as the representative for Hamburg Nord constituency . For many years he was transport policy spokesman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary faction . Fischer is also president of Hamburg Football Association ( HFV ) and a board member of German Football Association ( DFB ) .
The Christian Democratic Union of Germany ( German : Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands or CDU ; German pronunciation : [ ˈkʁɪstlɪç ˌdemoˈkʁaːtɪʃə ʔuˈni̯oːn ˈdɔʏtʃlants ] ) is a Christian-democratic , liberal-conservative political party in Germany . It is the major catch-all party of the centre-right in German politics . The CDU forms the CDU/CSU grouping , also known as the Union , in the Bundestag with its Bavarian counterpart the Christian Social Union in Bavaria ( CSU ) . Founded in 1945 as an interdenominational Christian party , the CDU effectively replaced the pre-war Catholic Centre Party , but also included politicians of other backgrounds , liberal and conservative . The party therefore claims to represent Christian-social , liberal and conservative elements . The leader of the CDU is Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer . She is the successor of the former party leader Angela Merkel , who is the current Chancellor of Germany . On February 10 , 2020 she announced to resign from the position as party leader after several political scandals . The CDU is a member of the Centrist Democrat International , International Democrat Union and European People 's Party ( EPP ) .
Federal elections were held in Germany on 18 September 2005 to elect the members of the 16th Bundestag . This became necessary after a motion of confidence in Chancellor Gerhard Schröder failed on 1 July . Following the defeat of Schröder 's Social Democratic Party ( SPD ) in a state election , Schröder asked his supporters to abstain from the Bundestag motion , knowing the motion would fail and thus triggering an early federal election . The opposition Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) and its sister party in Bavaria , the Christian Social Union ( CSU ) , started the federal election campaign with a 21% lead over the SPD in opinion polls . Many commentators expected the Christian Democrats to win a clear electoral victory and that CDU leader Angela Merkel would become Chancellor , forming a government with the Free Democratic Party ( FDP ) and displacing the governing SPD-Green coalition . However , the CDU/CSU significantly lost momentum during the campaign and ultimately won only 1% more votes and four more seats than the SPD . Exit polls showed clearly that neither coalition group had won a majority of seats in the Bundestag , leading to a hung parliament situation . Both parties lost seats compared to 2002 , as did the Greens , while only the Left Party ( a partial successor of the Party of Democratic Socialism led by Gregor Gysi and former SPD chairman Oskar Lafontaine ) made significant gains . Both Schröder and Merkel claimed victory , but the formation of a new government required careful negotiations . On 10 October 2005 , officials from the SPD and the CDU/CSU indicated that negotiations between the two had concluded successfully and that the participating parties would form a grand coalition with Angela Merkel as Chancellor . When the Bundestag met on 22 November 397 CDU/CSU and SPD Bundestag members duly voted for Merkel .
Christian Carstensen ( born 11 March 1973 , in Hamburg ) is a German politician and member of the SPD . Carstensen was a member of the Hamburg-Nord district parliament ( Bezirksversammlung ) from 2001 to 2005 . In 2005 he was elected to the Bundestag , the German federal parliament , representing Hamburg Nord , however he lost his seat at the 2009 election .
The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( German : Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands , SPD ; [ zoˈtsi̯aːldemoˌkʁaːtɪʃə paʁˌtaɪ ˈdɔʏtʃlants ] ) is a social-democratic political party in Germany . Led by Saskia Esken and Norbert Walter-Borjans since 2019 , the party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Germany along with the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) . The Social Democrats have governed at the federal level in Germany as part of a grand coalition with the CDU and the Christian Social Union ( CSU ) since December 2013 following the results of the 2013 and 2017 federal elections . The party participates in 11 of 16 state governments and 7 of them are governed by SPD Minister-Presidents . The SPD is a member of the Party of European Socialists and initiated the founding of the international Progressive Alliance of social-democratic parties on 22 May 2013 after criticising the Socialist International for its acceptance of authoritarian parties . Established in 1863 , the SPD is by far the oldest existing political party represented in the German Parliament and was one of the first Marxist-influenced parties in the world . It was illegal under the Anti-Socialist Laws from 1878 to 1890 . During the First World War , the party split into a pro-war mainstream and the pacifist Independent Social Democratic Party , a part of which went on to form the Communist Party of Germany . The social democrats came to power during the 1918-19 revolution . During the Weimar Republic , the SPD was the strongest party until 1932 and Friedrich Ebert served as the first President of Germany . During the Nazi era ( 1933-45 ) , the SPD was banned , and social democrats offered resistance against Hitler 's dictatorship . After the Second World War , the party was re-established .
Federal elections were held in Germany on 22 September 2002 to elect the members of the 15th Bundestag . Chancellor Gerhard Schröder 's centre-left red-green governing coalition retained a narrow majority .
Federal elections were held in Germany on 27 September 1998 to elect the members of the 14th Bundestag . The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest faction in parliament , with its leader Gerhard Schröder becoming Chancellor .
Federal elections were held in Germany on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 13th Bundestag . The CDU/CSU alliance led by Helmut Kohl remained the largest faction in parliament , with Kohl remaining Chancellor . This elected Bundestag was largest in history until 2017 , numbering 672 members .
Federal elections were held in Germany on 2 December 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Bundestag . This was the first all-German election since the Nazi show election in April 1938 , the first multi-party all-German election since that of March 1933 , which was held after the Nazi seizure of power and was subject to widespread suppression , and the first free and fair all-German election since November 1932 . The result was a comprehensive victory for the governing coalition of the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union and the Free Democratic Party , which was reelected to a third term .
Federal elections were held in West Germany on 25 January 1987 to elect the members of the 11th Bundestag . This was the last federal election held in West Germany prior to German reunification .
Federal elections were held in West Germany on 6 March 1983 to elect the members of the 10th Bundestag . The CDU/CSU alliance led by Helmut Kohl remained the largest faction in parliament , with Kohl remaining Chancellor .
Hans Eberhard Apel ( 25 February 1932 - 6 September 2011 ) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ) . From 1972 to 1974 he was Parliamentary State Secretary to the Foreign Minister . From 1974 to 1978 he was the Minister of Finance and from 1978 to 1982 he was the Minister of Defence .
Federal elections were held in West Germany on 5 October 1980 to elect the members of the ninth Bundestag . Although the CDU/CSU remained the largest faction in parliament , Helmut Schmidt of the Social Democratic Party remained Chancellor .