Buffalo Bisons (1890) all-time roster
List of players
Table:
Player
Position
Seasons
Notes
Ref

Lady Baldwin
P
1890
Baldwin appeared in 7 games for Buffalo in 1890, going 2-5. He retired after the season.
[1]

Ed Beecher
OF
1890
Beecher appeared in 126 games, collecting 159 hits, 90 RBI, and a .297 batting average. He led the team in hits and at bats.
[2]

John Buckley
P
1890
Buckley pitched in 4 games for Buffalo, going 1-3 with a 7.68 ERA. 1890 was his only season in the major leagues.
[3]

Jack Carney
1B / OF
1890
Carney split the 1890 season with the Cleveland Infants. In his 28 games for the Bisons, Carney collected 29 hits in 107 at bats, hitting for a .271 batting average.
[4]

Spider Clark
P
1890
Clark appeared in 69 games for the Bisons in 1890. He hit .265 with Buffalo, in his second and final season in the majors.
[5]

Dan Cotter
P
1890
Cotter pitched for the Bisons in the only game of his career, throwing a complete game loss, giving up 18 hits and 14 earned runs.
[6]

Bert Cunningham
P
1890
Cunningham split the 1890 season with the Bisons and the Philadelphia Athletics. He, along with George Haddock, led Buffalo with 9 wins, and he had the only 2 shutouts for Buffalo.
[7]

Fred Doe
SP
1890
Doe pitched in 1 game for both the Bisons and the Pittsburgh Burghers in 1890. He got his only decision, a loss, for Buffalo.
[8]

Bill Duzen
SP
1890
Duzen, who pitched only in 1890, loss both of the games he pitched, giving up 20 earned runs in 13.0 innings pitched.
[9]

Jay Faatz*
1B
1890
In 1890, Faatz played in 32 games for the Bisons, hitting .189 and driving in 16 RBI.
[10]

Alex Ferson
SP
1890
Ferson had a 1-7 win-loss record in 10 games for Buffalo, with a 5.45 ERA.
[11]

Jim Gillespie
OF
1890
Gillespie played in his only game in the major leagues for Buffalo, going 0-3, with 2 strikeouts
[12]

George Haddock
SP
1890
Haddock led the Bisons, along with Bert Cunningham in wins, with 9. He also led the Players' League in losses, with 26.
[13]

Jocko Halligan
OF
1890
Halligan hit .251 in 57 games for the Bisons.
[14]

Dummy Hoy
CF
1890
Hoy appeared in 122 games for Buffalo, hitting for a .298 batting average. Hoy led the Bisons in runs, with 107, and stolen bases, with 39.
[15]

John Irwin
3B
1890
Marr played in 77 games for Buffalo, having 31 hits, and a .234 batting average
[16]

George Keefe
SP
1890
Keefe had a 6-16 record in 25 games for the Bisons.
[17]

Gus Krock
SP
1890
In 4 games, Krock had a 0-3 record, with a 6.12 earned run average. 1890 was Krocks' final season in the majors.
[18]

Lewis
P
1890
Lewis (whose first name is unknown) pitched in 3 innings in his only game in the majors, getting the oss. He also had 1 hit in 5 at bats.
[19]

Connie Mack†
C
1890
In 123 games, Mack went 134 for 503, with a .266 batting average. He collected a career high 53 RBI.
[20]

From the given table plus the background passages provided.

State the answer to the question: What is the position of the player who played for the Lewiston , Maine ballclub of the New England League in 1892 ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Charles B . Lady Baldwin ( April 8 , 1859 - March 7 , 1937 ) was an American left-handed pitcher . He played six seasons in Major League Baseball with the Milwaukee Brewers ( 1884 ) , Detroit Wolverines ( 1885-1888 ) , Brooklyn Bridegrooms ( 1890 ) , and Buffalo Bisons ( 1890 ) . Baldwin had his best season in 1886 when he compiled a 42-13 record and a 2.24 earned run average ( ERA ) , threw 55 complete games , and led the National League with 323 strikeouts . Baldwin 's 42 wins in 1886 set the major league record for a left-handed pitcher and remains the second highest single season total by a southpaw . Baldwin also pitched five complete games for a 4-1 record and a 1.50 ERA in the 1887 World Series . Arm troubles cut short Baldwin 's major league career at age 31 .
In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position .
The 1890 Buffalo Bisons baseball team was a member of the short lived Players ' League , and an outlaw franchise that used the name of the existing minor league Buffalo Bisons without permission . [ citation needed ] They compiled a 36-96 record , which landed them in last place , 46½ games behind the pennant-winning Boston Reds and 20 games behind the seventh-place Cleveland Infants in the eight-team league . After the season , the league folded , as did the team .
Games played ( GP ) is a statistic used in team sports to indicate the total number of games in which a player has participated ( in any capacity ) ; the statistic is generally applied irrespective of whatever portion of the game is contested .
Edward Harry Beecher was an American professional baseball player . He played as an outfielder in Major League Baseball between 1887 and 1891 , for five different teams in three different leagues . In 1887 , Beecher played for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys of the National League . In 1889 , he played for the NL 's Washington Nationals . In 1890 , he moved to the Players ' League and the Buffalo Bisons . Finally , in 1891 , he split the season between two American Association teams , the Washington Statesmen and the Philadelphia Athletics .
An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .
In baseball statistics , a hit ( denoted by H ) , also called a base hit , is credited to a batter when the batter safely reaches first base after hitting the ball into fair territory , without the benefit of an error or a fielder 's choice .
A run batted in ( RBI ) , plural runs batted in ( RBI or RBIs ) , is a statistic in baseball and softball that credits a batter for making a play that allows a run to be scored ( except in certain situations such as when an error is made on the play ) . For example , if the batter bats a base hit , then another player on a higher base can head home to score a run , and the batter gets credited with batting in that run . Before the 1920 Major League Baseball season , runs batted in were not an official baseball statistic . Nevertheless , the RBI statistic was tabulated - unofficially - from 1907 through 1919 by baseball writer Ernie Lanigan , according to the Society for American Baseball Research . Common nicknames for an RBI include ribby ( or ribbie ) , rib , and ribeye . The plural of RBI is generally RBIs , although some commentators use RBI as both singular and plural , as it can also stand for runs batted in .
In baseball , the batting average ( BA ) is the number of hits divided by at bats . It is usually rounded to three decimal places and read without the decimal : A player with a batting average of .300 is batting three-hundred . If necessary to break ties , batting averages could be taken beyond the .001 measurement . In this context , .001 is considered a point , such that a .235 batter is 5 points higher than a .230 batter .
In baseball , an at bat ( AB ) or time at bat is a batter 's turn batting against a pitcher . An at bat is different from a plate appearance . A batter is credited with a plate appearance regardless of what happens during their turn at bat , but a batter is credited with an at bat only if that plate appearance does not have one of the results enumerated below . While at bats are used to calculate certain statistics , including batting average and slugging percentage , a player can qualify for the season-ending rankings in these categories only if they accumulate 502 plate appearances during the season . A batter will not receive credit for an at bat if their plate appearance ends under the following circumstances :
John Edward Buckley ( March 20 , 1870 - May 3 , 1942 ) , was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played with the Buffalo Bisons of the Players ' League in 1890 .
In baseball statistics , earned run average ( ERA ) is the average of earned runs given up by a pitcher per nine innings pitched ( i.e . the traditional length of a game ) . It is determined by dividing the number of earned runs allowed by the number of innings pitched and multiplying by nine . Runs resulting from passed balls or defensive errors ( including pitchers ' defensive errors ) are recorded as unearned runs and omitted from ERA calculations .
John Joseph Carney ( November 10 , 1866 - October 19 , 1925 ) , also known as Handsome Jack , was a professional baseball player in the late 19th century . He was born in Salem , Massachusetts , United States in 1866 , and made his debut with the Washington Nationals on April 24 , 1889 . His last game , with the Milwaukee Brewers , was on October 4 , 1891 , and he died in 1925 in Litchfield , New Hampshire . In his three-year career , he also played with the Buffalo Bisons , the Cincinnati Kelly 's Killers , and the Cleveland Infants , and his positions were first base and outfield . Carney 's best performance was with the Infants in 1890 , with whom he had a batting average of .348 .
First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]
The outfield , in cricket and baseball , is the area of the field of play further from the batsman or batter than the infield . In soccer ( association football ) , the outfield players are positioned outside the goal area .
The following are the baseball events of the year 1890 throughout the world .
The Cleveland Infants were a one-year baseball team in the Players ' League , a short-lived Major League that existed only for the 1890 season . Owned by Al Johnson , the Infants finished 1890 , their lone season , with 55 wins and 75 losses . Their home games were played at Brotherhood Park .
Owen F. Spider Clark ( September 16 , 1867 - February 8 , 1892 ) was a professional baseball player . He played two seasons in Major League Baseball , 1889 for the Washington Nationals , and 1890 for the Buffalo Bisons of the Players ' League . While he was primarily a right fielder , he played all over the diamond on defense , playing every position at least once , including one game as a pitcher for the Bisons .
Daniel Joseph Dan Cotter ( April 14 , 1867 - September 4 , 1935 ) , was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played with the Buffalo Bisons of the Players ' League in 1890 . Cotter played in one game for the Bisons on July 16 , 1890 . He pitched a complete game , but allowed 18 hits , 7 base on balls , and 14 earned runs . He also went hitless at the plate in four at bats . Buffalo lost the game 19-0 . Cotter later played for the Lewiston , Maine ballclub of the New England League in 1892 .
In baseball , an earned run is any run that was fully enabled by the offensive team 's production in the face of competent play from the defensive team . Conversely , an unearned run is a run that would not have been scored without the aid of an error or a passed ball committed by the defense . An unearned run counts just as much as any other run for the purpose of determining the score of the game . However , it is unearned in that it was , in a sense , given away by the defensive team . Both total runs and earned runs are tabulated as part of a pitcher 's statistics . However , earned runs are specially denoted because of their use in calculating a pitcher 's earned run average ( ERA ) , the number of earned runs allowed by the pitcher per nine innings pitched ( i.e. , averaged over a regulation game ) . Thus , in effect , the pitcher is held personally accountable for earned runs , while the responsibility for unearned runs is shared with the rest of the team . To determine whether a run is earned , the official scorer must reconstruct the inning as it would have occurred without errors or passed balls .
Ellsworth Elmer Bert Cunningham ( November 25 , 1865 - May 14 , 1952 ) , was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1887 to 1901 . He would play for the Brooklyn Grays , Baltimore Orioles , Philadelphia Athletics , Buffalo Bisons , Louisville Colonels , and Chicago Orphans . Playing for Buffalo in the Players ' League on September 15 , 1890 , Cunningham threw five wild pitches in one inning . It was a record that still stands today , although it was tied in a 2000 playoff game by St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Rick Ankiel . In 1996 , Cunningham was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame .
The Philadelphia Athletics were a short-lived Major League Baseball franchise that existed for two seasons from 1890 to 1891 . Known alternatively as the Philadelphia Quakers , and sometimes informally as Buffinton 's Beauties , they played their first season in the newly created Players ' League ( PL ) of 1890 , and were managed by Jim Fogarty and Charlie Buffinton . After the demise of the PL following the 1890 season , the team switched to the American Association ( AA ) for the 1891 season , and were managed by Bill Sharsig and George Wood . For each season , the franchise used Forepaugh Park as their home field . Before the 1890 season , the PL was founded by the first organized professional sports union , the Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball Players , in an attempt to compete with the existing major leagues , the National League ( NL ) and the AA . Their intent was to break free from the standard business practices of the two leagues that they claimed stifled players ' salaries ; such as the reserve clause , and the Brush Classification System , as well as their ability to sell players to another team without the consent of the player . The Quakers were controlled by a group of investors , which included brothers G. W. and J. Earl Wagner . Under the pressure of PL investors , who were seeking recoupment of massive financial losses following the 1890 season , pressured the Brotherhood to compromise with the NL and AA . The deal called for the dissolution of the league , while allowing the players to return to their old teams without penalty , with the reserve clause and the selling of players , without their consent , outlawed . The Quakers were allowed entrance into the AA for 1891 season and claimed the nickname of the team they were replacing , the Philadelphia Athletics , who had been expelled for violating the league constitution . Although many players departed for new teams for the 1891 season , including Buffinton , Shindle , and Mike Griffin , they were able to sign suitable replacements , such as Gus Weyhing , Elton Chamberlain , and Pop Corkhill . The team completed the season with a 73-66 win-loss record , with four ties , placing them fifth among nine teams .
George Silas Haddock ( December 25 , 1866 in Portsmouth , New Hampshire - April 18 , 1926 in Boston , Massachusetts ) , nicknamed Gentleman George , was a 19th-century Major League Baseball pitcher . He played from 1888 to 1894 in the Players ' League , American Association and National League . Haddock played right field for the Washington Nationals against the Cleveland Spiders , on September 4 , 1889 . He relieved George Keefe , who worked four innings as the Nationals ' starting pitcher .
In Major League Baseball , a shutout ( denoted statistically as ShO or SHO ) refers to the act by which a single pitcher pitches a complete game and does not allow the opposing team to score a run . If two or more pitchers combine to complete this act , no pitcher is awarded a shutout , although the team itself can be said to have shut out the opposing team . The ultimate single achievement among pitchers is a perfect game , which has been accomplished 23 times in over 135 years , most recently by Félix Hernández of the Seattle Mariners on August 15 , 2012 . By definition , a perfect game is counted as a shutout . A no-hitter completed by one pitcher is also a shutout unless the opposing team manages to score through a series of errors , base on balls , catcher 's interferences , dropped third strikes , or hit batsmen . The all-time career leader in shutouts is Walter Johnson , who pitched for the Washington Senators from 1907-1927 . He accumulated 110 shutouts , which is 20 more than the second place leader , Pete Alexander . The most shutouts recorded in one season was 16 , which was a feat accomplished by both Pete Alexander ( 1916 ) and George Bradley ( 1876 ) . These records are considered among the most secure records in baseball , because pitchers today rarely earn more than one or two shutouts per season with a heavy emphasis on pitch count and relief pitching . Complete games themselves have also become rare among starting pitchers . The current leader among active players for career shutouts is Clayton Kershaw , who has thrown 15 .
Alfred George Fred Doe ( April 18 , 1864 - October 4 , 1938 ) was a professional baseball pitcher who played in the minor leagues from 1886 to 1902 , and in the Players ' League ( PL ) in 1890 . Doe played in one game for both the Buffalo Bisons and the Pittsburgh Burghers in 1890 .
The Pittsburgh Burghers were a baseball team in the Players ' League , a short-lived Major League that existed only for the 1890 season . The team included a number of players who had jumped from the National League 's Pittsburgh Alleghenys ( now the Pittsburgh Pirates ) , including Hall of Famers Pud Galvin , Ned Hanlon , and Jake Beckley . Hanlon served as the team 's manager . Meanwhile , John Tener , who would go on to represent Pittsburgh in the United States Congress and be elected the 25th Governor of Pennsylvania , finished his pitching career with the Burghers in 1890 . Later Tener would become the president of the National League , and a director of the Philadelphia Phillies . In its only season , the Burghers finished in 6th place with a 60-68 record . Hall Of Fame first baseman Jake Beckley was a powerhouse slugger for the Burghers . He hit .324 with 10 home runs and 120 RBIs . In addition , he led the PL by hitting 22 triples . But even Beckley 's fine work could not overcome the weak hitting of the Pittsburgh team in general . The Burghers finished tied for the worst batting average in the loop with a .260 mark . The team played at the Alleghenies ' former home , Exposition Park .
William George Bill Duzen ( February 21 , 1870 - March 11 , 1944 ) , was a Major League Baseball pitcher . He played in two games with the Buffalo Bisons in 1890 . Duzen was born in Buffalo , New York in 1870 . On September 21 , 1890 , at the age of 20 , he made his Players ' League as a starting pitcher for the Buffalo Bisons . Duzen would pitch in a second game on September 27 , the final game of his career . In his two career games , he lost both of his starts , gave up 20 earned runs in 13.0 innings , and struck out five batters .
In baseball ( hardball or softball ) , a starting pitcher or starter is the first pitcher in the game for each team . A pitcher is credited with a game started if they throw the first pitch to the opponent 's first batter of a game . Starting pitchers are expected to pitch for a significant portion of the game , although their ability to do this depends on many factors , including effectiveness , stamina , health , and strategy . A starting pitcher in professional baseball usually rests three , four , or five days after pitching a game before pitching another . Therefore , most professional baseball teams have four , five or six starting pitchers on their rosters . These pitchers , and the sequence in which they pitch , is known as the rotation . In modern baseball , a five-man rotation is most common . In contrast , a pitcher who enters the game after the first pitch of the game is a relief pitcher . Occasionally , an opening pitcher is used for only a few innings , and is replaced by a long reliever or a pitcher who would typically be a starting pitcher .
In baseball , an earned run is any run that was fully enabled by the offensive team 's production in the face of competent play from the defensive team . Conversely , an unearned run is a run that would not have been scored without the aid of an error or a passed ball committed by the defense . An unearned run counts just as much as any other run for the purpose of determining the score of the game . However , it is unearned in that it was , in a sense , given away by the defensive team . Both total runs and earned runs are tabulated as part of a pitcher 's statistics . However , earned runs are specially denoted because of their use in calculating a pitcher 's earned run average ( ERA ) , the number of earned runs allowed by the pitcher per nine innings pitched ( i.e. , averaged over a regulation game ) . Thus , in effect , the pitcher is held personally accountable for earned runs , while the responsibility for unearned runs is shared with the rest of the team . To determine whether a run is earned , the official scorer must reconstruct the inning as it would have occurred without errors or passed balls .
In baseball , innings pitched ( IP ) are the number of innings a pitcher has completed , measured by the number of batters and baserunners that are put out while the pitcher is on the pitching mound in a game . Three outs made is equal to one inning pitched . One out counts as one-third of an inning , and two outs counts as two-thirds of an inning . Sometimes , the statistic is written 34.1 , 72.2 , or 91.0 , for example , to represent ​34 1⁄3 innings , ​72 2⁄3 innings , and 91 innings exactly , respectively . Runners left on base by a pitcher are not counted in determining innings pitched . It is possible for a pitcher to enter a game , give up several hits and possibly even several runs , and be removed before achieving any outs , thereby recording a total of zero innings pitched . Alternatively , it is possible for a pitcher to enter a situation where there are two runners on base and no outs . He 'll throw one pitch which will result in a triple play , and for that one pitch he 'll be credited with a full inning pitched .
Jayson S. Faatz ( October 24 , 1860 - April 10 , 1923 ) was an American Major League Baseball player born in Weedsport , New York , who played at first base for three teams during his four-season career .
First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]
Alexander Colonel Ferson ( July 14 , 1866 - December 5 , 1957 ) was a 5 ' 9 , 165 pound right-handed baseball pitcher who played from 1889 to 1890 and in 1892 for the Washington Nationals , Buffalo Bisons and Baltimore Orioles . Ferson began his big league career on May 4 , 1889 . That year , he went 17-17 with a 3.90 ERA in 36 games ( 34 starts , 28 complete games ) . Despite finishing 10th in the league in hits allowed ( 319 ) , ninth in the league in losses and eighth in the league in hit batsmen , he was still the best pitcher on the team overall . Although the team finished last in the league with a 41-83 record ( .331 winning percentage ) , Ferson managed a winning percentage of exactly .500 . Furthermore , he was the only pitcher on the team with at least one decision to finish with a winning percentage of .500 or better ( in contrast , George Haddock went 11-19 for a .367 winning percentage , George Keefe went 8-18 for a .308 winning percentage , Hank O'Day went 2-10 for a .167 winning percentage and Egyptian Healy went 1-11 for a .083 winning percentage ) . Ferson also had the best ERA of any pitcher with at least two appearances , and he made the most appearances , games started , and he pitched the most innings . The rest of Ferson 's career did n't really pan out for him . In fact , for the Bisons in 1890 , he went 1-7 with a 5.45 ERA in 10 starts . For the Orioles in 1892 , he went 0-1 in 2 games ( 1 start ) , posting an ERA of 11.00 . He played his final game on July 25 , 1892 . Overall , Ferson went 18-25 in his three-year career , posting an ERA of 4.37 .
In baseball and softball , a pitcher 's win-loss record ( also referred to simply as their record ) indicates the number of wins ( denoted W ) and losses ( denoted L ) they have been credited with . For example , a 20-10 win-loss record would represent 20 wins and 10 losses . In each game , one pitcher on the winning team is awarded a win ( the winning pitcher ) and one pitcher on the losing team is given a loss ( the losing pitcher ) in their respective statistics . These pitchers are collectively known as the pitchers of record . The designation of win or loss for a pitcher is known as a decision , and only one pitcher for each team receives a decision . A starting pitcher who does not receive credit for a win or loss is said to have no decision . In certain situations , another pitcher on the winning team who pitched in relief of the winning pitcher can be credited with a save , and holds can be awarded to relief pitchers on both sides , but these are never awarded to the same pitcher who is awarded the win . The decisions are awarded by the official scorer of the game in accordance with the league 's rules . The official scorer does not assign a winning or losing pitcher in some games which are forfeited , such as those that are tied at the time of forfeiture . If the game is tied ( a rare event ) , no pitcher is awarded any decision . A pitcher 's winning percentage is calculated by dividing the number of wins by the number of decisions ( wins plus losses ) , and it is commonly expressed with three decimal places .
John William Linden Gillespie ( May 1862 - June 24 , 1926 ) was a Major League Baseball outfielder . He played one game in right field for the Buffalo Bisons of the Players ' League in 1890 . In that game , he had three at bats without a hit , and made three errors in four fielding chances .
In baseball or softball , a strikeout ( or strike-out ) occurs when a batter racks up three strikes during a time at bat . It usually means the batter is out . A strikeout is a statistic recorded for both pitchers and batters , and is denoted by K. A strikeout looking - in which the batter does not swing and the third strike is called by the umpire - is usually denoted by a ꓘ . Although a strikeout suggests that the pitcher dominated the batter , the free-swinging style that generates home runs also leaves batters susceptible to striking out . Some of the greatest home run hitters of all time - such as Alex Rodriguez , Reggie Jackson , and Jim Thome - were notorious for striking out .
The Players ' National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs , popularly known as the Players ' League ( sometimes rendered as Players League ) , was a short-lived but star-studded professional American baseball league of the 19th century . It emerged from the Brotherhood of Professional Base-Ball Players , the sport 's first players ' union . The Brotherhood included most of the best players of the National League . Brotherhood members , led by John Montgomery Ward , left the National League and formed the Players ' League after failing to change the lopsided player-management relationship of the National League . The PL lasted just the one season of 1890 , and the Boston franchise won the championship . Although known to historians as the Players ' League , newspapers often reported the standings with the shorthand titles of League , Association and Brotherhood . The PL was well-attended , at least in some cities , but was underfunded , and its owners lacked the confidence to continue beyond the one season . In 1968 , a committee appointed by Major League Baseball Commissioner William Eckert ruled that the Players ' League was a major league .
William E. Jocko Halligan ( December 8 , 1868 in Avon , New York - February 13 , 1945 in Buffalo , New York ) , was a professional baseball player who played outfielder in the Major Leagues from 1890-1892 . He would play for the Baltimore Orioles , Cincinnati Reds , and Buffalo Bisons .
William Ellsworth Dummy Hoy ( May 23 , 1862 - December 15 , 1961 ) was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) who played for several teams from 1888 to 1902 , most notably the Cincinnati Reds and two Washington , D.C. , franchises . Hoy is the most accomplished deaf player in MLB history , and is credited by some sources with causing the establishment of signals for safe and out calls . He held the MLB record for games in center field ( 1,726 ) from 1889 to 1902 , set records for career putouts ( 3,958 ) and total chances ( 4,625 ) as an outfielder , and retired among the leaders in outfield games ( 2nd ; 1,795 ) , assists ( 7th ; 273 ) , and double plays ( 3rd ; 72 ) . He was also an excellent baserunner , scoring over 100 runs nine times , and often finishing among the top base stealers . He is one of only 29 players to have played in four different Major Leagues . His 1,006 career walks put him second in MLB history behind Billy Hamilton when he retired , and he also ended his career ranking eighth in career games played ( 1,796 ) .
A center fielder , abbreviated CF , is the outfielder in baseball who plays defense in center field - the baseball and softball fielding position between left field and right field . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the center fielder is assigned the number 8 .
In baseball statistics , games pitched ( denoted by Games G in tables of only pitching statistics ) is the number of games in which a player appears as a pitcher ; a player who is announced as the pitcher must face at least one batter , although exceptions are made if the pitcher announced in the starting lineup is injured before facing a batter , perhaps while batting or running the bases in the top of the first inning , before the opposing team comes to bat . The statistic is also referred to as appearances , usually to refer to the number of games a relief pitcher has pitched in .
In baseball , a run is scored when a player advances around first , second and third base and returns safely to home plate , touching the bases in that order , before three outs are recorded and all obligations to reach base safely on batted balls are met or assured . A player may score by hitting a home run or by any combination of plays that puts him safely on base ( that is , on first , second , or third ) as a runner and subsequently brings him home . The object of the game is for a team to score more runs than its opponent . The Official Baseball Rules hold that if the third out of an inning is a force out of a runner advancing to any base then , even if another baserunner crosses home plate before that force out is made , his run does not count . However , if the third out is not a force out , but a tag out , then if that other baserunner crosses home plate before that tag out is made , his run will count . In baseball statistics , a player who advances around all the bases to score is credited with a run ( R ) , sometimes referred to as a run scored . While runs scored is considered an important individual batting statistic , it is regarded as less significant than runs batted in ( RBIs ) . Both individual runs scored and runs batted in are heavily context-dependent ; however , the sabermetric statistic runs created provides a more sophisticated assessment of a player 's contribution toward producing runs for his team . A pitcher is likewise assessed runs surrendered in his statistics , which differentiate between standard earned runs ( for which the pitcher is statistically assigned full responsibility ) and unearned runs scored due to fielding errors , which do not count in his personal statistics . Specifically , if a fielding error occurs which affects the number of runs scored in an inning , the Official Scorer - the official in-game statistician - in order to determine how many of the runs should be classified as earned , will reconstruct the inning as if the error had not occurred . For example , with two outs , suppose a runner reaches base because of a fielding error , and then the next batter hits a two-run home run , and then the following batter then makes the third out , ending the inning . If the inning is reconstructed without the error , and if that third batter , instead of reaching on an error , registered an out , the inning would have ended there without any runs scoring .
In baseball , a stolen base occurs when a runner advances to a base to which he is not entitled and the official scorer rules that the advance should be credited to the action of the runner . The umpires determine whether the runner is safe or out at the next base , but the official scorer rules on the question of credit or blame for the advance under Rule 10 . A stolen base most often occurs when a base runner advances to the next base while the pitcher is pitching the ball to home plate . Successful base stealers are not only fast but have good baserunning instincts and timing .
John Irwin ( July 21 , 1861 - February 28 , 1934 ) was a third baseman in Major League Baseball in the 19th century .
A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast .
George Washington Keefe ( January 7 , 1867 in Washington , D.C. - August 24 , 1935 in Washington , D.C. ) was a left-handed professional baseball starting pitcher who played for the Washington Nationals , Buffalo Bisons and Washington Statesmen from 1886 to 1891 . Keefe made his major league debut on July 30 , 1886 at the age of 19 . The sixth youngest player in the league , he went 0-3 with a 5.17 ERA in four games in his first big league season . In 1887 , Keefe appeared in only one game . Despite allowing 16 hits , four walks and 20 runs ( only eight of which were earned ) , Keefe managed to complete ( and lose ) his only game of the season . He was also the sixth youngest player in 1887 . Keefe went 6-7 with a 2.84 ERA in 13 starts in 1888 . In 1889 , he went 8-18 with a 5.13 ERA , finishing fifth in the league in walks allowed ( 143 ) and seventh in losses . On May 1 , 1889 , Keefe set the National League record for most walks in an inning , when he walked seven batters in the fifth inning . The record was subsequently tied by Bob Ewing and Tony Mullane , and Dolly Gray walked eight batters in an inning in 1909 . Gray was an American League pitcher , however . Following the 1889 season , Keefe went to play for the Buffalo Bisons of the Players ' League .
August H. Krock ( May 9 , 1866 - March 22 , 1905 ) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher . He played three seasons , from 1888 to 1890 , for the Chicago White Stockings , Indianapolis Hoosiers , Washington Nationals , and Buffalo Bisons . In Krock 's debut season , 1888 with the White Stockings , he had 25 wins and 14 losses .
Lewis ( First name unknown ) was a Major League Baseball player who played one game in 1890 with the Buffalo Bisons of the Players ' League . Lewis made his major league debut , and sole appearance , on July 12 , 1890 as the starting pitcher for the Bisons in a game against the Brooklyn Ward 's Wonders . Lewis gave up six runs in the first inning , six in the second , and eight in the third . After three innings , with Brooklyn leading , 20-4 , Buffalo 's manager Jack Rowe moved Lewis to left field , and called on left fielder Ed Beecher to pitch the final six innings . In Lewis 's three innings as a pitcher , he gave up 20 earned runs , 13 hits , and seven bases on balls . He also collected one hit in five at bats . Brooklyn won the game by a score of 28-16 . According to author Norman L. Macht , the Bisons had been having problems with various pitchers and arrived in Brooklyn on the 12th , when a local boy , whose last name was Lewis but whose first name remains mercifully unknown told manager Jack Rowe that he was a pitcher and asked for a tryout . Rowe started Lewis and kept him in the game for three innings , before pulling him in favor of Beecher , who gave up eight more runs . Neither Lewis nor Beecher pitched in another major league game . One newspaper account described Lewis 's try-out as a disastrous experiment and called the game one of the greatest slugging matches ever seen since curve pitching came into vogue . Sporting Life reported : The Buffalos tried a new pitcher named Lewis in the box , but after three innings he retired to left field , a much disgusted ball tosser .
Cornelius McGillicuddy ( December 22 , 1862 - February 8 , 1956 ) , better known as Connie Mack , was an American professional baseball catcher , manager , and team owner . The longest-serving manager in Major League Baseball history , he holds records for wins ( 3,731 ) , losses ( 3,948 ) , and games managed ( 7,755 ) , with his victory total being almost 1,000 more than any other manager . Mack managed the Philadelphia Athletics for the club 's first 50 seasons of play , starting in 1901 , before retiring at age 87 following the 1950 season , and was at least part-owner from 1901 to 1954 . He was the first manager to win the World Series three times , and is the only manager to win consecutive Series on separate occasions ( 1910-11 , 1929-30 ) ; his five Series titles remain the third most by any manager , and his nine American League pennants rank second in league history . However , constant financial struggles forced repeated rebuilding of the roster , and Mack 's teams also finished in last place 17 times . Mack was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame at Cooperstown , New York in 1937 .
Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses .