List of artillery by type
Recoilless guns -- Recoilless guns
Table:
Caliber (mm)

Weapon name

Country of origin

Period

30

Rheinmetall RMK30

Germany

Modern

50

Jagdfaust

Nazi Germany

World War II

57

M18 Kromuskit

United States

World War II / Cold War

73

SPG-9

Soviet Union

Cold War / Modern

74

Miniman

Sweden

Cold War

75

LG 40

Nazi Germany

World War II

75

M20

United States

World War II / Cold War

80

Breda Folgore

Italy

Cold War / Modern

82

BzK vzor 59

Czechoslovakia

Cold War

82

B-10

Soviet Union

Cold War

82

M-60

Yugoslavia

Cold War

84

M3 Carl Gustav

Sweden

Cold War / Modern

84

AT4

Sweden

Modern

88

55 S 55

Finland

Cold War

88

RCL 3.45 inch Gun

United Kingdom

World War II

90

Pvpj 1110

Sweden

Cold War / Modern

90

M67

United States

Cold War

94

RCL 3.7 inch Gun

United Kingdom

World War II / Cold War

95

95 S 58-61

Finland

Cold War

102

M28 Nuclear Recoilless Rifle

United States

Cold War

Considering the provided table and the supporting text listed.

Answer the following question: The weapon from Germany was produced by what company ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

In guns , particularly firearms , caliber ( or calibre in British English ) is the specified nominal internal diameter of the gun barrel bore regardless of how or where the bore is measured and whether or not the finished bore matches that specification . It is measured in inches to an accuracy of hundredths or thousandths of an inch or in millimeters . For example , a .45 caliber firearm has a barrel diameter of roughly 0.45 inches ( 11 mm ) . Barrel diameters can also be expressed using metric dimensions . For example , a 9 mm pistol has a barrel diameter of about 9 millimeters . Due to the inaccuracy and imprecision of imperial dimensions converted to metric units , metric designations are typically far out of specifications published in decimal inches . True caliber specifications require imperial measure , and even when cartridge designations ( often mistakenly referred to as caliber ) only specify caliber to even tenths or hundredths of an inch , actual barrel/chamber/projectile dimensions are published to at least thousandths of an inch and frequently tolerances extend into ten-thousandths of an inch . In a rifled barrel , the distance is measured between opposing lands or between opposing grooves ; groove measurements are common in cartridge designations originating in the United States , while land measurements are more common elsewhere in the world . Measurements across the grooves are used for maximum precision because rifling and the specific caliber so-measured is the result of final machining process which cuts grooves into the rough bore leaving the lands behind . Good performance requires a concentric , straight bore that accurately centers the projectile within , in preference to a tight fit which can be achieved even with off-center , crooked bores that cause excessive friction , fouling and an out-of-balance , wobbling projectile in flight . While modern firearms are generally referred to by the name of the cartridge the gun is chambered for , they are still categorized together based on bore diameter . For example , a firearm might be described as a 30 caliber rifle , which could be any of a wide range of cartridges using a roughly 0.30 inches ( 7.6 mm ) projectile ; or a 22 rimfire , referring to any rimfire firearms firing cartridges with a .22 caliber projectile .
The RMK 30 ( Rückstoßfreie Maschinenkanone 30 ; recoilless autocannon ) is a recoilless 30 mm caliber autocannon firing caseless 30 × 250 mm ammunition cartridges . The gun was developed by the German company Mauser , which is now a subsidiary of the Rheinmetall group .
Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights .
The Sondergerät SG 500 Jagdfaust ( hunting fist ) or Jägerfaust ( hunter 's fist ) was an experimental airborne anti-bomber recoilless rifle designed for use in the Me 163 Komet rocket plane by the German Luftwaffe during World War II .
Nazi Germany is the common English name for Germany between 1933 and 1945 , when Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party ( NSDAP ) controlled the country through a dictatorship . Under Hitler 's rule , Germany became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government . The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich ( German Reich ) until 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich ( Greater German Reich ) from 1943 to 1945 . Nazi Germany is also known as the Third Reich ( Drittes Reich ) , meaning Third Realm or Third Empire , the first two being the Holy Roman Empire ( 800-1806 ) and the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) . The Nazi regime ended after the Allies defeated Germany in May 1945 , ending World War II in Europe . Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by the President of the Weimar Republic , Paul von Hindenburg , on 30 January 1933 . The NSDAP then began to eliminate all political opposition and consolidate its power . Hindenburg died on 2 August 1934 and Hitler became dictator of Germany by merging the offices and powers of the Chancellery and Presidency . A national referendum held 19 August 1934 confirmed Hitler as sole Führer ( leader ) of Germany . All power was centralised in Hitler 's person and his word became the highest law . The government was not a coordinated , co-operating body , but a collection of factions struggling for power and Hitler 's favour . In the midst of the Great Depression , the Nazis restored economic stability and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy .
The M18 recoilless rifle is a 57 mm shoulder-fired , anti-tank recoilless rifle that was used by the U.S. Army in World War II and the Korean War . Recoilless rifles are capable of firing artillery-type shells at reduced velocities comparable to those of standard cannon , but with greater accuracy than anti-tank weapons that used unguided rockets , and almost entirely without recoil . The M18 was a breech-loaded , single-shot , man-portable , crew-served weapon . It could be used in both anti-tank and anti-personnel roles . The weapon could be both shoulder fired or fired from a prone position . The T3 front grip doubled as an adjustable monopod and the two-piece padded T3 shoulder cradle could swing down and to the rear as a bipod for the gunner . The most stable firing position was from the tripod developed for the water-cooled Browning M1917 machine gun .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ) , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 . The vast majority of the world 's countries - including all the great powers - eventually formed two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . A state of total war emerged , directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries . The major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources . World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities , most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China . It included massacres , the genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , premeditated death from starvation and disease , and the only use of nuclear weapons in war . Japan , which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific , was at war with China by 1937 , [ b ] though neither side had declared war on the other . World War II is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 , with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . From late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa , and the Fall of France in mid 1940 , the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire . War in the Balkans , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz , and the long Battle of the Atlantic followed .
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies , the Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc , after World War II . The period is generally considered to span the 1947 Truman Doctrine to the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union . The term cold is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers , but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars . The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by the two powers , following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany in 1945 . Whilst the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc generally espoused the economic theories of capitalism and socialism , respectively , the conflict was mostly geopolitical in nature . Each power had a nuclear strategy that discouraged a pre-emptive attack by the other side , on the basis that such an attack would lead to the total destruction of the attacker - the doctrine of mutually assured destruction ( MAD ) . Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment , the struggle for dominance was expressed via psychological warfare , massive propaganda campaigns and espionage , far-reaching embargoes , rivalry at sports events and technological competitions such as the Space Race . The West was led by the United States , a federal republic with a two-party presidential system , as well as the other First World nations of the Western Bloc that were generally liberal democratic but economically and politically entwined with a network of authoritarian states , most of which were the Western Bloc 's former colonies . [ A ] The Soviet Union was a self-declared Marxist-Leninist state that had a totalitarian government ultimately led by a committee known as the Politburo . The Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( CPSU ) had influence across the Second World . The US government supported right-wing governments and uprisings across the world , while the Soviet government funded communist parties and revolutions around the world . As nearly all the colonial states achieved independence in the period 1945-1960 , they became Third World battlefields in the Cold War .
The SPG-9 Kopyo ( Spear ) is a tripod-mounted man-portable , 73 millimetre calibre recoilless gun developed by the Soviet Union . It fires fin-stabilised , rocket-assisted HE and HEAT projectiles similar to those fired by the 73 mm 2A28 Grom low pressure gun of the BMP-1 armored vehicle . It was accepted into service in 1962 , replacing the B-10 recoilless rifle .
The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas .
The Miniman ( Swedish military designation Pansarskott m/68 , abbreviated Pskott m/68 ) is a disposable single-shot 74-mm unguided anti-tank smooth bore recoilless weapon , designed in Sweden by Försvarets Fabriksverk ( FFV ) and became operational in 1968 . The Miniman is delivered with the HEAT projectile pre-loaded launch tube . In appearance , the Miniman is similar to a single section tube US M72 LAW and French SARPAC of the same era . In 1986 the Swedish Army adopted the FFV AT4 , designated the Pansarskott m/86 , to replace the Miniman . FFV engineers adopted the rugged but simple firing and safety mechanism of the Miniman for the AT4 . The Miniman uses a unique version of the high-low chamber launch system that results in no recoil . Moving targets can be attacked at a range of 150 metres ( 490 ft ) while stationary targets may be engaged out to 250 metres ( 820 ft ) . The Miniman 's HEAT projectile has a copper liner and can penetrate 340 mm of rolled homogeneous armour .
Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .
The 7.5 cm Leichtgeschütz 40 was a recoilless gun used by the German Army during World War II .
The M20 recoilless rifle is a U.S. 75 mm caliber recoilless rifle T21E12 that was used during the last months of the Second World War and the M20 extensively during the Korean War . It could be fired from an M1917A1 .30 caliber machine gun tripod , or from a vehicle mount , typically a Jeep . Its shaped charge warhead , also known as HEAT , was capable of penetrating 100 mm of armor . Although the weapon proved ineffective against the T-34 tank during the Korean War and most other tanks , it was used primarily as a close infantry support weapon to engage all types of targets including infantry and lightly armored vehicles . The M20 proved useful against pillboxes and other types of field fortifications . Its poor armor penetration by the HEAT round was because of it being a spin-stabilized projectile rather than the later fin-stabilized rounds used in the 106mm M40 recoilless rifle . [ citation needed ]
The Folgore ( Thunderbolt ) is an Italian 80 mm recoilless anti-tank weapon developed and manufactured by Breda Meccanica Bresciana . It weighs 18.9 kilograms ( with bipod ) and 25.6 kilograms ( with tripod ) . Development of the Folgore started in 1974 and it was adopted by the Italian Army in 1986 . Over 800 Folgores had been produced by 2001 .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
Czechoslovakia , or Czecho-Slovakia ( /ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , -kə- , -slə- , -ˈvɑː-/ ; Czech and Slovak : Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) , was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 . From 1939 to 1945 , following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany , the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate . From 1948 to 1990 , Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a command economy . Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955 . A period of political liberalization in 1968 , known as the Prague Spring , was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union , assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries , invaded Czechoslovakia . In 1989 , as Marxist-Leninist governments and socialism were ending all over Europe , Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution ; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation . In 1993 , Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia .
The B-10 recoilless rifle ( Bezotkatnojie orudie-10 , known as the RG82 in East Germany ) is a Soviet 82 mm smoothbore recoilless gun . It could be carried on the rear of a BTR-50 armoured personnel carrier . It was a development of the earlier SPG-82 , and entered Soviet service during 1954 . It was phased out of service in the Soviet Army in the 1960s and replaced by the SPG-9 , remaining in service with parachute units at least until the 1980s . Although now obsolete it was used by a large number of countries during the Cold War .
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ) , also known as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia , was a country located in Central and Southeastern Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars . Covering an area of 255,804 km² ( 98,766 sq mi ) , the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west , Austria and Hungary to the north , Bulgaria and Romania to the east , and Albania and Greece to the south . The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics - Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia - with Belgrade as its capital . In addition , it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia : Kosovo and Vojvodina . The SFRY 's origin is traced to 26 November 1942 , when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II . On 29 November 1945 , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II , thus ending the monarchy . Until 1948 , the new communist government originally sided with the Eastern Bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War , but after the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 , Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality . It became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement , and transitioned from a command economy to market-based socialism . The SFRY maintained neutrality during the Cold War as part of its foreign policy . It was a founding member of CERN , the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , OSCE , IFAD , WTO , Eutelsat , and BTWC . Following the death of Tito on 4 May 1980 , the Yugoslav economy started to collapse , which increased unemployment and inflation . The economic crisis led to a rise in ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s and early 1990s ; dissidence resulted among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics .
The Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle ( Swedish pronunciation : [ kɑːɭ ˈɡɵ̂sːtav ] ) is an 84-mm man-portable reusable anti-tank weapon produced by Saab Bofors Dynamics ( formerly Bofors Anti-Armour AB ) in Sweden . Introduced in 1946 , it was one of the many recoilless rifle designs of that era . While similar weapons have generally disappeared from service , the Carl Gustaf is still being made and remains in widespread use today . The Carl Gustaf is a lightweight , low-cost weapon that uses a wide range of ammunition , which makes it extremely flexible and suitable for a wide variety of roles . The weapon 's name is frequently shortened . In Sweden , it is officially called the Grg m/48 ( Granatgevär - grenade rifle , model 1948 ) . British troops refer to it as the Charlie G , while Canadian troops often refer to it as Carl G. In U.S. military service , it is officially known as the M3 Multi-Role Anti-Armor Anti-Personnel Weapon System ( MAAWS ) or Ranger Anti-tank Weapons System ( RAWS ) , but is often just called Goose . In Australia , it is irreverently known as Charlie Gutsache ( guts ache , slang for stomach pain ) , or Charlie Swede . In Estonia it is often called Gusti by its users .
The AT4 ( also AT-4 ) is an 84-mm unguided , portable , single-shot recoilless smoothbore weapon built in Sweden by Saab Bofors Dynamics ( previously Bofors Anti-Armour Systems ) . Saab has had considerable sales success with the AT4 , making it one of the most common light anti-tank weapons in the world . The AT4 is intended to give infantry units a means to destroy or disable armoured vehicles and fortifications , although it is generally ineffective against current modern main battle tanks ( MBT ) . The launcher and projectile are manufactured prepacked and issued as a single unit of ammunition , with the launcher discarded after a single use .
55 S 55 ( from Finnish 55 millimetrin kevyt sinko malli 1955 , '55 millimetre light recoilless anti-tank weapon model 1955 ' ) , colloquially Nyrkki , was a Finnish recoilless anti-tank weapon from the mid-1950s . The 55 S 55 was designed by a Finnish Defence Forces team led by MSc , Capt Esko Puronto , and it was manufactured by FDF 's Vammaskoski factory ( now part of Finnish state military industrial enterprise Patria ) .
Finland ( Finnish : Suomi [ ˈsuo̯mi ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Finland [ ˈfɪ̌nland ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈfinlɑnd ] ) , officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomen tasavalta , Swedish : Republiken Finland ( listen to all ) ) , [ note 1 ] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea , Gulf of Bothnia , and Gulf of Finland , between Sweden to the west , Russia to the east , Estonia to the south , and north-eastern Norway to the north . The capital and largest city is Helsinki . Other major cities are Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa , Oulu , Turku , Jyväskylä , Lahti and Kuopio . Finland 's population is 5.52 million as of July 2019 , the majority of whom live in the central and south of the country and speak Finnish , a Finnic language from the Uralic language family , unrelated to the Scandinavian languages . Finland is the eighth-largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union . It is a parliamentary republic of 310 municipalities , and includes an autonomous region , the Åland Islands . Over 1.4 million people live in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which produces one third of the country 's GDP . Swedish is the second official language of Finland , which is mainly spoken in certain coastal areas and on Åland . A large majority of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended , approximately 9000 BC . Comb Ceramic culture introduced pottery 5200 BC and Corded Ware culture coincided with the start of agriculture between 3000 and 2500 BC . The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterised by extensive contacts with other cultures in the Fennoscandian and Baltic regions .
The 3.45 inch RCL was an 88mm British recoilless weapon , designed by Sir Dennis Burney during the Second World War . Delayed by problems due to breech wear because of gas erosion upon firing , it did not see action , as was hoped , in the Far East , particularly Burma . However it did lead to the post war Mobat and Wombat recoilless rifles .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
The Pansarvärnspjäs 1110 ( Pvpj 1110 ) is a Swedish 90 mm recoilless gun also widely known as Pv-1110 . It entered service at the early 1960s and was phased out of service in the Swedish Army in the late 1990s after 1,600 had been produced . Some 300 weapons were transferred to Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania . The Pvpj 1100 was typically towed by , or mounted on , a Pansarvärnspjästerrängbil 9031 Volvo truck . From the late 1970s it has also been mounted on the Terrängbil 11 and the Bandvagn 2062 tracked carrier . For Arctic warfare it could also be fitted to a pulka and pulled by two skiers . The Pvpj 1110 is fitted with an optical sight and has an iron sight as backup . A modified Ag m/42 rifle is used as ranging gun under the designation Inskjutningsgevär 5110 . The type was used by the Irish Army in towed form , and experimentally fitted to the chassis of a Comet tank in place of the turret .
The M67 recoilless rifle was a 90 mm ( 3.55 inch ) anti-tank recoilless rifle made in the United States and later in South Korea . It could also be employed in an anti-personnel role with the use of the M590 antipersonnel round . It was designed to be fired primarily from the ground using the bipod and monopod , but could also be fired from the shoulder using the folded bipod as a shoulder rest and the monopod as a front grip . The weapon was air-cooled and breech-loaded , and fired fixed ammunition . It is a direct fire weapon employing stadia lines to allow simple range finding , based on a typical tank target bridging the lines once in range .
The 3.45 inch RCL was an 88mm British recoilless weapon , designed by Sir Dennis Burney during the Second World War . Delayed by problems due to breech wear because of gas erosion upon firing , it did not see action , as was hoped , in the Far East , particularly Burma . However it did lead to the post war Mobat and Wombat recoilless rifles .
The 95 S 58-61 is a heavy recoilless anti-tank weapon used by the Finnish Army . It is also referred to as raskas sinko ( heavy recoilless rifle ) , or colloquially as Musti ( Blackie ) . The weapon was developed in 1958 and it was given a new wheel-equipped carriage in 1961 . The name of the weapon means 95 mm , Sinko , model 1958/1961 , where sinko is the Finnish word for recoilless weapon . The weight of the weapon system is 140 kg [ citation needed ] and its caliber is 95 mm ( 3.75 inches ) . Its effective range is 700 m against moving targets and 1,000 m against positioned targets . It can penetrate about 550 mm steel . Its HEAT ammunition is equipped with a strengthened nose section to better its effectiveness against explosive reactive armour ( ERA ) . The weapon team consists of 8 men : leader , shooter , loader/reserve shooter and two ammunitions handlers plus the reserve leader and two extra men armed with M72 LAWs and APILAS ( currently being replaced by the MBT LAW ) anti-tank weapons for close defense . The group moves in the terrain to their firing position by running and pulling the weapon behind them , and this is popularly called walking the Musti . ( Musti is a stereotypical name for a black dog in Finnish language . )
The M-28 or M-29 Davy Crockett Weapon System was the tactical nuclear recoilless gun ( smoothbore ) for firing the M-388 nuclear projectile that was deployed by the United States during the Cold War . It was one of the smallest nuclear weapon systems ever built , with a yield between 10 and 20 tons TNT equivalent ( 40-80 gigajoules ) . It is named after American folk hero , soldier , and congressman Davy Crockett .