List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Tibet
Table:
Site

Chinese name

Location

Designation

Image

Gyantse Dzong

江孜宗山抗英遗址 (Jiangzi Zongshan kang Ying yizhi)

28°57′00″N 89°38′00″E﻿ / ﻿28.95°N 89.63333333°E﻿ / 28.95; 89.63333333 Gyantse County

1-5

Jokhang

大昭寺 (Dazhao si)

29°39′11″N 91°02′51″E﻿ / ﻿29.65305556°N 91.0475°E﻿ / 29.65305556; 91.0475 Lhasa

1-81

Tradruk Temple

昌珠寺 (Changzhu si)

29°11′38″N 91°46′19″E﻿ / ﻿29.19388889°N 91.77194444°E﻿ / 29.19388889; 91.77194444 Nêdong County

1-82

Sakya Monastery

萨迦寺 (Sajia si)

28°54′18″N 88°01′05″E﻿ / ﻿28.905°N 88.018°E﻿ / 28.905; 88.018 Sa'gya County

1-95

Potala Palace

布达拉宫 (Budala gong)

29°39′28″N 91°07′01″E﻿ / ﻿29.65777778°N 91.11694444°E﻿ / 29.65777778; 91.11694444 Lhasa

1-107

Ganden Monastery

噶丹寺 (Gadan si)

29°45′29″N 91°28′30″E﻿ / ﻿29.758°N 91.475°E﻿ / 29.758; 91.475 Dagzê County

1-108

Tashilhunpo Monastery

扎什伦布寺 (Zhashilunbu si)

29°16′03″N 88°52′52″E﻿ / ﻿29.2675°N 88.88111111°E﻿ / 29.2675; 88.88111111 Shigatse

1-109

Guge Kingdom ruins

古格王国遗址 (Guge wangguo yizhi)

Zanda County

1-161

Tombs of the Tibetan Kings

藏王墓 (Zangwang mu)

29°01′N 91°41′E﻿ / ﻿29.01°N 91.68°E﻿ / 29.01; 91.68 Qonggyai County

1-174

Drepung Monastery

哲蚌寺 (Zhebang si)

29°40′35″N 91°02′51″E﻿ / ﻿29.67638889°N 91.0475°E﻿ / 29.67638889; 91.0475 Lhasa

2-27

Sera Monastery

色拉寺 (Sela si)

29°41′53″N 91°08′00″E﻿ / ﻿29.69805556°N 91.13333333°E﻿ / 29.69805556; 91.13333333 Lhasa

2-28

Norbulingka

罗布林卡 (Luobulinka)

29°39′14″N 91°05′30″E﻿ / ﻿29.65388889°N 91.09166667°E﻿ / 29.65388889; 91.09166667 Lhasa

3-96

Shalu Monastery

夏鲁寺 (Xialu si)

29°07′40″N 88°59′33″E﻿ / ﻿29.12783°N 88.99262°E﻿ / 29.12783; 88.99262 Shigatse

3-118

Karuo Site

卡若遗址 (Karuo yizhi)

Qamdo County

4-19

Samye

桑耶寺 (Sangye si)

29°19′32″N 91°30′13″E﻿ / ﻿29.3255°N 91.5037°E﻿ / 29.3255; 91.5037 Zhanang County

4-90

Toling Monastery

托林寺 (Tuolin si)

Zanda County

4-110

Zhatang Temple

扎塘寺 (Zhatang si)

Zhanang County

4-111

Palcho Monastery

白居寺 (Baiju si)

28°57′00″N 89°38′00″E﻿ / ﻿28.95°N 89.63333333°E﻿ / 28.95; 89.63333333 Gyantse County

4-160

Lhagyili Palace

拉加里王宫遗址 (Lajiali wanggong yuzhi)

Qusum County

5-109

Lieshan Tombs

烈山墓地 (Lieshan mudi)

Nang County

5-181

Consulting the tabular data and the textual context listed below.

Provide an answer to this question: What is the translation of the full name of the site that is in the region also called Dranang County ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Gyantse Dzong or Gyantse Fortress is one of the best preserved dzongs in Tibet , perched high above the town of Gyantse on a huge spur of grey brown rock . According to Vitali , the fortress was constructed in 1390 and guarded the southern approaches to the Tsangpo Valley and Lhasa . The town was surrounded by a wall 3 kilometres ( 1.9 mi ) long . The entrance is on the eastern side .
Gyantse County officially Gyangzê County ( Tibetan : རྒྱལ་རྩེ་རྫོང་། , Wylie : rgyal rtse rdzong , ZYPY : Gyangzê Zong ; Chinese : 江孜县 ; pinyin : Jiāngzī Xiàn ) is a county of Xigazê in the Tibet Autonomous Region . Its main settlement is Gyantse Town known for its monasteries .
The Jokhang ( Tibetan : ཇོ་ཁང། , Chinese : 大昭寺 ) , also known as the Qoikang Monastery , Jokang , Jokhang Temple , Jokhang Monastery and Zuglagkang ( Tibetan : གཙུག་ལག་ཁང༌། , Wylie : gtsug-lag-khang , ZYPY : Zuglagkang or Tsuklakang ) , is a Buddhist temple in Barkhor Square in Lhasa , the capital city of Tibet . Tibetans , in general , consider this temple as the most sacred and important temple in Tibet . The temple is currently maintained by the Gelug school , but they accept worshipers from all sects of Buddhism . The temple 's architectural style is a mixture of Indian vihara design , Tibetan and Nepalese design . The Jokhang was founded during the reign of King Songtsen Gampo . According to tradition , the temple was built for the king 's two brides : Princess Wencheng of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Princess Bhrikuti of Nepal . Both are said to have brought important Buddhist statues and images from China and Nepal to Tibet , which were housed here , as part of their dowries . The oldest part of the temple was built in 652 . Over the next 900 years , the temple was enlarged several times with the last renovation done in 1610 by the Fifth Dalai Lama . Following the death of Gampo , the image in Ramcho Lake temple was moved to the Jokhang temple for security reasons . When King Tresang Detsen ruled from 755 to 797 , the Buddha image of the Jokhang temple was hidden , as the king 's minister was hostile to the spread of Buddhism in Tibet . During the late ninth and early tenth centuries , the Jokhang and Ramoche temples were said to have been used as stables .
Lhasa or Chengguan is a district and administrative capital of Lhasa City in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People 's Republic of China . The inner urban area of Lhasa City is equivalent to the administrative borders of Chengguan District , which is part of the wider prefectural Lhasa City . Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and , at an altitude of 3,656 metres ( 11,990 ft ) , Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world . The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century . It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace , Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces .
Tradruk Temple ( Tibetan : ཁྲ་འབྲུག་དགོན་པ། , Wylie : khra-brug dgon-pa , Lhasa dialect : [ ʈʂʰaŋʈʂuk kø̃pa ] , referred to as Changzhu Monastery in Chinese ) in the Yarlung Valley is the earliest great geomantic temple after the Jokhang and some sources say it predates that temple . Tradruk Temple is located in Nêdong County of Lhoka in the Tibet Autonomous Region , about seven kilometres south of the county seat , Tsetang .
Nêdong District ( Tibetan : སྣེ་གདོང་ཆུས། , Wylie : sne gdong chus , ZYPY : Nêdong Qü ; simplified Chinese : 乃东区 ; traditional Chinese : 乃東區 ; pinyin : Nǎidōng Qū ) is a district of Shannan in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China .
Sakya Monastery , also known as Pel Sakya ( Tibetan : དཔལ་ས་སྐྱ། , Wylie : dpal sa skya ; White Earth or Pale Earth ) is a Buddhist monastery situated 25 km southeast of a bridge which is about 127 km west of Shigatse on the road to Tingri in Tibet Autonomous Region . As the seat of the Sakya ( or Sakyapa ) school of Tibetan Buddhism , it was founded in 1073 , by Konchok Gyelpo ( Tibetan : དཀོན་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་པོ། , Wylie : dkon mchog rgyal po ; 1034-1102 ) , originally a Nyingmapa monk of the powerful noble family of the Tsang and became the first Sakya Trizin . Its powerful abbots governed Tibet during the 13th and the 14th centuries under the overlordship of the Mongol Yuan dynasty after the downfall of the Tibetan Empire until they were eclipsed by the rise of the new Kagyu and Gelug schools of Tibetan Buddhism . Its Mongolian [ citation needed ] architecture is quite different from that of temples in Lhasa and Yarlung . The only surviving ancient building is the Lhakang Chempo or Sibgon Trulpa . Originally a cave in the mountainside , it was built in 1268 by dpon-chen Sakya Sangpo in 1268 and restored in the 16th century . It contains some of the most magnificent surviving artwork in all of Tibet , which appears not to have been damaged in recent times . The Gompa grounds cover more than 18,000 square metres , while the huge main hall covers some 6,000 square metres . After the March 10th , 1959 Lhasa uprising to protect the 14th Dalai Lama from the Communist Chinese People 's Liberation Army , the majority Sakya Monastery 's monks were forced to leave . As Dawa Norbu states in his book states , previously there were about five hundred monks in the Great Sakya Monastery , but by the end of 1959 only 36 aged monks remained . Most of the buildings of the monastery are in ruins , because they were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution . Das Sharat Chandra writes :
Sa'gya County ( Tibetan : ས་སྐྱ་རྫོང་། , Wylie : sa skya rdzong , ZYPY : Sa'gya Zong ; simplified Chinese : 萨迦县 ; traditional Chinese : 薩迦縣 ; pinyin : Sàjiā Xiàn ) is a county under the prefecture-level city of Xigazê in the Tibet Autonomous Region .
The Potala Palace is a dzong fortress in the city of Lhasa , in China 's Tibet Autonomous Region . It was the winter palace of the Dalai Lamas from 1649 to 1959 , has been a museum since then , and is a World Heritage Site since 1994 . The palace is named after Mount Potalaka , the mythical abode of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara . The 5th Dalai Lama started its construction in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers , Konchog Chophel ( died 1646 ) , pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government , situated as it is between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa . It may overlay the remains of an earlier fortress called the White or Red Palace on the site , built by Songtsen Gampo in 637 . The building measures 400 metres ( 1,300 ft ) east-west and 350 metres ( 1,150 ft ) north-south , with sloping stone walls averaging 3 metres ( 9.8 ft ) thick , and 5 metres ( 16 ft ) thick at the base , and with copper poured into the foundations to help proof it against earthquakes . Thirteen storeys of buildings , containing over 1,000 rooms , 10,000 shrines and about 200,000 statues , soar 117 metres ( 384 ft ) on top of Marpo Ri , the Red Hill , rising more than 300 metres ( 980 ft ) in total above the valley floor . Tradition has it that the three main hills of Lhasa represent the Three Protectors of Tibet . Chokpori , just to the south of the Potala , is the soul-mountain ( Wylie : bla ri ) of Vajrapani , Pongwari that of Manjusri , and Marpori , the hill on which the Potala stands , represents Avalokiteśvara .
Ganden Monastery ( also Gaden or Gandain [ citation needed ] ) or Ganden Namgyeling is one of the great three Gelug university monasteries of Tibet . It is in Dagzê County , Lhasa . The other two are Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery . Ganden Monastery was founded in 1409 by Je Tsongkhapa Lozang-dragpa , founder of the Gelug order . The monastery was destroyed after 1959 , but has since been partially rebuilt . Another monastery with the same name and tradition was established in Southern India in 1966 by Tibetan exiles .
Dagzê District is a district of Lhasa immediately east of the district of Chengguan , Tibet . The Lhasa River runs through the district . As of 2013 the total population was 29,152 , mostly ethnic Tibetans engaged in agriculture . The district is home to the Ganden and Yerpa monasteries .
Tashi Lhunpo Monastery , founded in 1447 by the 1st Dalai Lama , is a historic and culturally important monastery in Shigatse , the second-largest city in Tibet . The monastery was sacked when the Gorkha Kingdom invaded Tibet and captured Shigatse in 1791 before a combined Tibetan and Chinese army drove them back as far as the outskirts of Kathmandu , when they were forced to agree to keep the peace in the future , pay tribute every five years , and return what they had looted from Tashi Lhunpo . The monastery is the traditional seat of successive Panchen Lamas , the second highest ranking tulku lineage in the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism . The Tashi or Panchen Lama had temporal power over three small districts , though not over the town of Shigatse itself , which was administered by a dzongpön ( prefect ) appointed from Lhasa . Located on a hill in the center of the city , the full name in Tibetan of the monastery means all fortune and happiness gathered here or heap of glory . Captain Samuel Turner , a British officer with the East India Company who visited the monastery in the late 18th century , described it in the following terms :
Shigatse , officially known as Xigazê ( Tibetan : གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་ ; Chinese : 日喀则 ; pinyin : Rìkāzé , is a prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China , with an area of 182,000 km2 ( 70,271 sq mi ) . It is located within the historical Tsang province of Tibet .
Guge was an ancient kingdom in Western Tibet . The kingdom was centered in present-day Zanda County , Ngari Prefecture , Tibet Autonomous Region . At various points in history after the 10th century AD , the kingdom held sway over a vast area including south-eastern Zanskar , Upper Kinnaur district , and Spiti Valley , either by conquest or as tributaries . The ruins of the former capital of the Guge kingdom are located at Tsaparang in the Sutlej valley , not far from Mount Kailash and 1,200 miles ( 1,900 km ) westwards from Lhasa .
Zanda County ( Tibetan : རྩ་མདའ་རྫོང་ wylie : rtsa mda ' rdzong ; Chinese : 札达县 ; Pinyin : Zhádá Xiàn ) is a county in the Ngari Prefecture to the extreme west of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China .
The Valley of the Kings or Chongye Valley branches off the Yarlung Valley to the southwest and contains a series of graveyard tumuli , approximately 27 kilometres ( 17 mi ) south of Tsetang , Tibet , near the town of Qonggyai on Mure Mountain in Qonggyai County of the Shannan Prefecture . The site possesses eight large mounds of earth resembling natural hills that are believed to contain eight to ten buried Tibetan kings .
Qonggyai County or Chongye County , is a county of Shannan in the Tibet Autonomous Region .
'Drepung Monastery , located at the foot of Mount Gephel , is one of the great three Gelug university gompas ( monasteries ) of Tibet . The other two are Ganden Monastery and Sera Monastery . Drepung is the largest of all Tibetan monasteries and is located on the Gambo Utse mountain , five kilometers from the western suburb of Lhasa . Freddie Spencer Chapman reported , after his 1936-37 trip to Tibet , that Drepung was at that time the largest monastery in the world , and housed 7,700 monks , but sometimes as many as 10,000 monks . Since the 1950s , Drepung Monastery , along with its peers Ganden and Sera , have lost much of their independence and spiritual credibility in the eyes of Tibetans since they operate under the close watch of the Chinese security services . All three were reestablished in exile in the 1950s in Karnataka state in south India . Drepung and Ganden are in Mundgod and Sera is in Bylakuppe .
Sera Monastery is one of the great three Gelug university monasteries of Tibet , located 1.25 miles ( 2.01 km ) north of Lhasa and about 5 km ( 3.1 mi ) north of the Jokhang . The other two are Ganden Monastery and Drepung Monastery . The origin of its name is attributed to a fact that during construction , the hill behind the monastery was covered with blooming wild roses ( or sera in Tibetan ) . The original Sera Monastery is responsible for some 19 hermitages , including four nunneries , which are all located in the foot hills north of Lhasa . The Sera Monastery , as a complex of structures with the Great Assembly Hall and three colleges , was founded in 1419 by Jamchen Chojey of Sakya Yeshe of Zel Gungtang ( 1355-1435 ) , a disciple of Je Tsongkhapa . During the 1959 revolt in Lhasa , Sera monastery suffered severe damage , with its colleges destroyed and hundreds of monks killed . After the Dalai Lama took asylum in India , many of the monks of Sera who survived the attack moved to Bylakuppe in Mysore , India . After initial tribulations , they established a parallel Sera Monastery with Sera Me and Sera Je colleges and a Great Assembly Hall on similar lines to the original monastery , with help from the Government of India . There are now 3000 or more monks living in Sera , India and this community has also spread its missionary activities to several countries by establishing Dharma centres , propagating knowledge of Buddhism . Sera Monastery in Tibet and its counterpart in Mysore , India are noted for their debate sessions .
Norbulingka ( Standard Tibetan : ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ཀ་ ; Wylie : Nor-bu-gling-ka ; simplified Chinese : 罗布林卡 ; traditional Chinese : 羅布林卡 ; literally Jeweled Park ) is a palace and surrounding park in Lhasa , Tibet , China , built from 1755 . It served as the traditional summer residence of the successive Dalai Lamas from the 1780s up until the 14th Dalai Lama 's exile in 1959 . Part of the Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace , Norbulingka is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , and was added as an extension of this Historic Ensemble in 2001 . It was built by the 7th Dalai Lama and served both as administrative centre and religious centre . It is a unique representation of Tibetan palace architecture . Norbulingka Palace is situated in the west side of Lhasa , a short distance to the southwest of Potala Palace . Norbulingka covers an area of around 36 hectares ( 89 acres ) and considered to be the largest man made garden in Tibet . Norbulingka park is considered the premier park of all such horticultural parks in similar ethnic settings in Tibet . During the summer and autumn months , the parks in Tibet , including the Norbulinga , become hubs of entertainment with dancing , singing , music and festivities . The park is where the annual Sho Dun or 'Yoghurt Festival ' is held . The Norbulingka palace has been mostly identified with the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas who commissioned most of the structures that still stand today . During the invasion of Tibet in 1950 , a number of buildings were damaged , but were rebuilt beginning in 2003 , when the Chinese government initiated renovation works here to restore some of the damaged structures , and also the greenery , the flower gardens and the lakes .
Shalu Monastery is small monastery 22 kilometres ( 14 mi ) south of Shigatse in Tibet . Founded in 1040 by Chetsun Sherab Jungnay , for centuries it was renowned as a centre of scholarly learning and psychic training and its mural paintings were considered to be the most ancient and beautiful in Tibet . Shalu was the first of the major monasteries to be built by noble families of the Tsangpa during Tibet 's great revival of Buddhism , and was an important center of the Sakya tradition .
The Karuo culture ( 3300 to 2000 BC ) was a Neolithic culture in Tibet . The culture cultivated foxtail millet .
Karuo District ( other spellings : Karub District , Kharro District ( after THL transliteration of Tibetan ) ) is a district in Qamdo , the district is synonymous referred to as Chamdo , Qamdo , or Chengguan in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China , and the seat of government of Qamdo . Karuo has an area of 10,700 km² and a population of 78,000 , of which 90% are Tibetan . The average temperature is 7.6 °C , with average temperatures of −2.3 °C in January and 16.3 °C in July . The average precipitation is 467 mm per year . [ citation needed ] Popular with tourists are the Galden Jampaling Monastery in the capital and the salt mines and hot springs at Yangjing . [ citation needed ]
Samye is the site of an important gompa ( Buddhist monastery ) in central Tibet . It is located in the Mchims phu valley , south of Lhasa , next the Hapori mountain , in the Yarlung Valley . The site is in the present administrative region of Gra Nang or Drananga Lhoka . The full name is Bsam yas mi gyur lhun grub gtsug lag khang , translated by some authors as the Temple of Unchanging Spontaneous Presence . Samye has a continuous history from eighth century to the present and has played an important part in the history of Tibet and China .
Zhanang County or Dranang County , ( Tibetan : གྲ་ནང་རྫོང་ Wylie gra nang rdzong ; Chinese : 扎囊县 ; Pinyin : Zhānáng Xiàn ) is a county of Shannan ( Lhokha ) in the Tibet Autonomous Region . The capital town of county is Dratang town , with a monastery named Dratang . Dranang County is home to Samye Monastery , the first Buddhist monastery in Tibet , and many other monasteries , including Mindrolling Monastery . Dranang County is separated into northern and southern parts by the Yarlung Tsangpo River . In 2015 a bridge near Dratang Town was finished , connecting the northern and southern parts of the county . Until 2015 there were regular rafts for transportation of people or small goods .
The monastery is located in remote badlands of far western Tibet in Zanda County . It perches on an escarpment in the Grand Canyon along the Langchen Tsangpo ( designated as Sutlej River , meaning elephant river , in Tibet ) . It has a well laid out street , post office and telecommunication facilities . The isolated military installation of Zanda is nearby . Tholing is 12 miles ( 19 km ) east of Tsaparang , which is 163 miles ( 262 km ) from Darchen .
The Palcho Monastery [ citation needed ] or Pelkor Chode Monastery or Shekar Gyantse [ citation needed ] is the main monastery in the Nyangchu river valley in Gyantse , Gyantse County , Shigatse Prefecture , Tibet Autonomous Region , China . The monastery precinct is a complex of structures which , apart from the Tsuklakhang Monastery , also includes its Kumbum , believed to be the largest such structure in Tibet , that is most notable for its 108 chapels in its several floors and the old Dzong or fort .
Qusum County , ( Tibetan : ཆུ་གསུམ་རྫོང་ , Wylie : Chu-gsum Rdzong ; Chinese : 曲松县 ; pinyin : Qūsōng Xiàn ) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shannan in the Tibet Autonomous Region . In 1999 the county had a population of 15,541 inhabitants . The capital is Qusum .
Nang County , Nangxian , or Langxian ( Tibetan : སྣང་རྫོང་། , Wylie : snang rdzong , ZYPY : Nang Zong ; simplified Chinese : 朗县 ; traditional Chinese : 朗縣 ; pinyin : Lǎng Xiàn ) is a county under the jurisdiction of Nyingtri City in the Tibet Autonomous Region , China .