36th United States Congress
Changes in membership -- House of Representatives
Table:
District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor 's formal installation

Illinois 6th	Vacant	Vacancy in term	John A. McClernand ( D )	Seated November 8 , 1859

Kentucky 5th	Vacant	Brown could not take seat because he had not yet attained age required by the US Constitution	John Y . Brown ( D )	Seated December 3 , 1860

Ohio 14th	Cyrus Spink ( R )	Died May 31 , 1859	Harrison G. O. Blake ( R )	Seated October 11 , 1859

Virginia 4th	William Goode ( D )	Died July 3 , 1859	Roger A. Pryor ( D )	Seated December 7 , 1859

Michigan 1st	George B. Cooper ( D )	Lost contested election May 15 , 1860	Francis P. Blair , Jr. ( R )	Seated May 15 , 1860

Nebraska Territory At-large	Experience Estabrook	Lost contested election May 18 , 1860	Samuel G. Daily ( R )	Seated May 18 , 1860

New York 31st	Silas M. Burroughs ( R )	Died June 3 , 1860	Edwin R. Reynolds ( R )	Seated December 5 , 1860

Missouri 1st	John R. Barret ( D )	Lost contested election June 8 , 1860	William A. Howard ( R )	Seated June 8 , 1860

Pennsylvania 8th	John Schwartz ( ALD )	Died June 20 , 1860	Jacob K. McKenty ( D )	Seated December 3 , 1860

Missouri 1st	William A. Howard ( R )	Resigned June 25 , 1860	John R. Barret ( D )	Seated December 3 , 1860

Mississippi 1st	Lucius Q. C. Lamar II ( D )	Retired December ? ? ? , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

South Carolina 3rd	Laurence M. Keitt ( D )	Retired December ? ? ? , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

South Carolina 1st	John McQueen ( D )	Retired December 21 , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

South Carolina 2nd	William P. Miles ( D )	Retired December 21 , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

South Carolina 4th	Milledge L. Bonham ( D )	Retired December 21 , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

South Carolina 5th	John D. Ashmore ( D )	Retired December 21 , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

South Carolina 6th	William W. Boyce ( D )	Retired December 21 , 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term

Maine 5th	Israel Washburn , Jr. ( R )	Resigned January 1 , 1861 , after being elected Governor of Maine	Stephen Coburn ( R )	Seated January 2 , 1861

Mississippi 2nd	Reuben Davis ( D )	Withdrew January 12 , 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term

Mississippi 3rd	William Barksdale ( D )	Withdrew January 12 , 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term

Drawing on the provided table and the supporting evidence listed below.

Respond to the question below: How many counties are covered by the district whose Successor was John A. McClernand , D ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

The 6th congressional district of Illinois covers parts of Cook , DuPage , Lake , Kane and McHenry counties , as of the 2011 redistricting which followed the 2010 census . All or parts of Algonquin , Barrington , Barrington Hills , Bartlett , Burr Ridge , Carol Stream , Carpentersville , Cary , Clarendon Hills , Crystal Lake , Darien , Deer Park , Downers Grove , Elgin , East Dundee , Forest Lake , Fox River Grove , Gilberts , Glen Ellyn , Hawthorn Woods , Hinsdale , Hoffman Estates , Inverness , Kildeer , Lake Barrington , Lake in the Hills , Lake Zurich , Lakewood , Lisle , Lombard , Long Grove , Naperville , North Barrington , Oak Brook , Oakbrook Terrace , Oakwood Hills , Palatine , Port Barrington , Rolling Meadows , Sleepy Hollow , South Barrington , South Elgin , St. Charles , Tower Lakes , Trout Valley , Warrenville , Wayne , West Chicago , West Dundee , Westmont , Wheaton , Willowbrook and Winfield are included . It is represented by Democrat Sean Casten .
John Alexander McClernand ( May 30 , 1812 - September 20 , 1900 ) was an American lawyer and politician , and a Union general in the American Civil War . He was a prominent Democratic politician in Illinois and a member of the United States House of Representatives before the war . McClernand was firmly dedicated to the principles of Jacksonian democracy and supported the Compromise of 1850 . McClernand was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers in 1861 . His was a classic case of the politician-in-uniform coming into conflict with career Army officers , graduates of the United States Military Academy . He served as a subordinate commander under Ulysses S. Grant in the Western Theater , fighting in the battles of Belmont , Fort Donelson , and Shiloh in 1861-62 . A close friend and political ally of Abraham Lincoln , McClernand was given permission to recruit a force to conduct an operation against Vicksburg , Mississippi , which would rival the effort of Grant , his department commander . Grant was able to neutralize McClernand 's independent effort after it conducted an expedition to win the Battle of Arkansas Post , and McClernand became the senior corps commander in Grant 's army for the Vicksburg Campaign in 1863 . During the Siege of Vicksburg , Grant relieved McClernand of his command by citing his intemperate and unauthorized communication with the press , finally putting an end to a rivalry that had caused Grant discomfort since the beginning of the war . McClernand left the Army in 1864 and served as a judge and a politician in the postbellum era .
The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States , along with its main rival , the Republican Party . Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison 's Democratic-Republican Party , the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson , making it the world 's oldest active political party . In its early years , the Party supported limited government , state sovereignty and opposed banks and the abolition of slavery . Since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s , the Democratic Party has promoted a social liberal platform . Well into the 20th century , the party had conservative pro-business and Southern conservative-populist wings ; following the New Deal , however , the conservative wing of the party largely withered outside the South . The New Deal Coalition of 1932-1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction - many of whom were Catholics based in the cities . After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the core bases of the two parties shifted , with the Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics and the Northeastern states becoming more reliably Democratic . The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s . White evangelicals and Southerners have become heavily Republican at the state and local levels since the 1990s . People living in urban areas , women , college graduates , sexual and gender minorities , millennials , and black , Latino , Jewish , Muslim and Asian Americans tend to support the Democratic Party . The Democratic Party 's philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality , along with the welfare state . It seeks to provide government regulation in the economy .
Kentucky 's 5th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky . Located in the heart of Appalachia in Southeastern Kentucky , the rural district is the second most impoverished district in the nation and , as of the 2010 U.S. Census , has the highest percentage of White Americans in the nation . Within the district are the economic leading cities of Pikeville , Prestonsburg , Middlesboro , Hazard , Jackson , Morehead , London , and Somerset . The 5th congressional district is one of the few ancestrally Republican regions south of the Ohio River . Much of the region now in the district strongly supported the Union in the Civil War , and identified with the Republicans after hostilities ceased . Much of the eastern portion of the district was once part of the disbanded 7th congressional district , long a Democratic stronghold . The 7th was disbanded in 1992 after the 1990 census showed that the state 's population no longer merited seven districts . Geographically , the district consists of flat land areas to the west , to Appalachia highland mountains to the east and southeast . To the north to northeast of the district are rolling hills that end at the Ohio River . The district is represented by Republican Harold D. Hal Rogers , the dean of the Kentucky delegation . Rogers serves in various leadership positions in the U.S. House of Representatives .
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America . The Constitution , originally comprising seven articles , delineates the national frame of government . Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers , whereby the federal government is divided into three branches : the legislative , consisting of the bicameral Congress ( Article One ) ; the executive , consisting of the president ( Article Two ) ; and the judicial , consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts ( Article Three ) . Articles Four , Five and Six embody concepts of federalism , describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments , the states in relationship to the federal government , and the shared process of constitutional amendment . Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it . It is regarded as the oldest written and codified national constitution in force . Since the Constitution came into force in 1789 , it has been amended 27 times , including one amendment that repealed a previous one , in order to meet the needs of a nation that has profoundly changed since the eighteenth century . In general , the first ten amendments , known collectively as the Bill of Rights , offer specific protections of individual liberty and justice and place restrictions on the powers of government . The majority of the seventeen later amendments expand individual civil rights protections . Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures . Amendments to the United States Constitution , unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide , are appended to the document . All four pages of the original U.S. Constitution are written on parchment .
John Young Brown ( June 28 , 1835 - January 11 , 1904 ) was a politician from the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky . He represented the state in the United States House of Representatives and served as its 31st governor . Brown was elected to the House of Representatives for three non-consecutive terms , each of which was marred by controversy . He was first elected in 1859 , despite his own protests that he was not yet twenty-five years old ; the minimum age set by the Constitution for serving in the legislature . The voters of his district elected him anyway , but he was not allowed to take his seat until the Congress ' second session , after he was of legal age to serve . After moving to Henderson , Kentucky , Brown was elected from that district in 1866 . On this occasion , he was denied his seat because of alleged disloyalty to the Union during the Civil War . Voters in his district refused to elect another representative , and the seat remained vacant throughout the term to which Brown was elected . After an unsuccessful gubernatorial bid in 1871 , Brown was again elected to the House in 1872 and served three consecutive terms . During his final term , he was officially censured for delivering a speech excoriating Massachusetts Representative Benjamin F. Butler . The censure was later expunged from the congressional record . After his service in the House , Brown took a break from politics , but re-entered the political arena as a candidate for governor of Kentucky in 1891 .
The 14th congressional district of Ohio 's Representative is Dave Joyce . This district in the far northeast corner of the state , bordering Lake Erie and Pennsylvania . As defined in January 2013 , it contains all of Ashtabula , Lake , and Geauga counties , in addition to eastern Cuyahoga County , northern Trumbull County , northern Portage County , and northeastern Summit County .
Cyrus Spink ( March 24 , 1793 - May 31 , 1859 ) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio . Born in Berkshire County , Massachusetts , Spink moved to Stark County , Ohio , in 1815 . He taught school for several years in Kendal , Ohio . He was appointed deputy surveyor of Wayne County in October 1815 and served until December 1816 . County surveyor from 1816 to 1821 , serving also for a time as district surveyor . County auditor in 1820 and 1821 . He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1821 and 1822 . He was employed in the register 's office at Wooster 1822-1824 . He was appointed register by President Monroe in 1824 . Reappointed by President Adams in 1828 and served until 1832 . He engaged in mercantile pursuits in Wooster . Presidential elector in 1844 for Clay/Frelinghuysen .
The Republican Party , also referred to as the GOP ( Grand Old Party ) , is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States ; the other is its historic rival , the Democratic Party . The GOP was founded in 1854 by opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act , which allowed for the potential expansion of slavery into certain U.S. territories . The party supported classical liberalism , opposed the expansion of slavery , and supported economic reform . Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president . Under the leadership of Lincoln and a Republican Congress , slavery was banned in the United States in 1865 . The Party was generally dominant during the Third Party System and the Fourth Party System . After 1912 , the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right . Following the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 , the party 's core base shifted , with Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics . The party 's 21st-century base of support includes people living in rural areas , men , people without college degrees , the elderly , white Americans , and evangelical Christians . The 21st-century Republican Party ideology is American conservatism , which incorporates both economic policies and social values . The GOP supports lower taxes , free market capitalism , restrictions on immigration , increased military spending , gun rights , restrictions on abortion , deregulation and restrictions on labor unions . After the Supreme Court 's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade , the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals .
Harrison Gray Otis Blake ( March 17 , 1818 - April 16 , 1876 ) was a U.S. Representative from Ohio . Born in Newfane , Vermont , Blake moved to Salem , New York , and in 1830 to Guilford , Ohio . He received his education at public schools , later studying medicine at Seville for one year . In 1836 , he moved to Medina , where he engaged in mercantile pursuits and studied law . He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Medina . From 1846 to 1847 , he served as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives , and was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1848 , serving as that chamber 's president . Blake was elected as a Republican to the 36th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Cyrus Spink , formerly Representative for Ohio 's 14th congressional district . He was reelected to that Congress , serving from October 11 , 1859 to March 3 , 1863 . He was not a candidate for renomination in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress , but instead , with the Civil War raging , entered the United States Army in 1864 . He served as colonel of the 166th Ohio Infantry , a Hundred Days Regiment . After the war , he declined the appointment of Governor of Idaho Territory , resuming the practice of law and maintaining an interest in banking and mercantile pursuits . He served as delegate to the Loyalist Convention at Philadelphia in 1866 , and died ten years later in Medina , Ohio , on April 16 , 1876 .
Virginia 's fourth congressional district is a United States congressional district in the state of Virginia . Taking in most of the area between Richmond and Hampton Roads , it covers all or part of the counties of Charles City , Chesterfield , Dinwiddie , Greensville , Henrico , Prince George , Southampton , Surry , and Sussex , and all or part of the independent cities of Chesapeake , Colonial Heights , Emporia , Hopewell , Petersburg , Richmond and Suffolk . The current representative is Donald McEachin ( D ) .
William Osborne Goode ( September 16 , 1798 - July 3 , 1859 ) was a nineteenth-century American politician and lawyer from Virginia .
Roger Atkinson Pryor ( July 19 , 1828 - March 14 , 1919 ) was a Virginian newspaper editor and politician who became known for his fiery oratory in favor of secession ; he was elected both to national and Confederate office , and served as a general for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War . In 1865 he moved to New York City to remake his life , and in 1868 brought up his family . He was among a number of influential southerners in the North who became known as Confederate carpetbaggers . He became a law partner with Benjamin F. Butler ( based in Boston ) , noted in the South as a hated Union general during the war . Their partnership was financially successful , and Pryor became active in the Democratic Party in the North . In 1877 he was chosen to give a Decoration Day address , in which , according to one interpretation , he vilified Reconstruction and promoted the Lost Cause , while reconciling the noble soldiers as victims of politicians . In 1890 he joined the Sons of the American Revolution , one of the new heritage societies that was created following celebration of the United States Centennial . He was appointed as judge of the New York Court of Common Pleas from 1890 to 1894 , and justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1894 to his retirement in 1899 . On April 10 , 1912 , he was appointed official referee by the appellate division of the state Supreme Court , where he served until his death . He and his wife Sara Agnes Rice Pryor , also a Virginian , had seven children together , the last born in 1868 . Active in founding several heritage societies , she organized fundraising for historic preservation . She was a writer and had several works : histories , memoirs , and novels , published by the Macmillan Company in the first decade of the twentieth century .
Michigan 's 1st congressional district is a United States Congressional district containing the entire Upper Peninsula of Michigan and 16 counties of Northern Michigan in the Lower Peninsula . The district is currently represented by Republican Jack Bergman .
George Bryan Cooper ( June 6 , 1808 - August 29 , 1866 ) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan . Cooper was born in Long Hill Township , New Jersey , where he attended the public schools . He moved to Ann Arbor , Michigan in 1830 , and later to Jackson in 1835 . In Jackson he engaged in mercantile pursuits and became postmaster of Jackson from 1836 to 1846 . He was a member of the Michigan State Senate 4th District , 1837-1838 . He established an iron foundry at Jackson in 1840 and served in the Michigan State House of Representatives in 1842 . He served as State Treasurer of Michigan from March 17 , 1846 to March 13 , 1850 . He engaged in banking at Jackson in 1851 . In 1858 he defeated incumbent Republican William Alanson Howard to be elected as a Democrat from Michigan 's 1st congressional district to the Thirty-sixth Congress , serving from March 4 , 1859 , until May 15 , 1860 . Howard contested the results in the U.S. House , alleging voting irregularities in several wards . Following its investigation , the House Committee on Elections reported that the sitting member , Cooper , was not entitled to his seat and that the contestant Howard was . The House passed resolutions to that effect on May 15 , 1860 , at which time Howard took the oath of office .
Francis Preston Blair Jr. ( February 19 , 1821 - July 8 , 1875 ) was an American jurist , politician and soldier . He represented Missouri in both the House of Representatives and the Senate , and was active in preventing the state of Missouri from being absorbed into the Confederacy at the beginning of the Civil War . Blair was instrumental in appointing Nathaniel Lyon as the new military commander of the Western Department of the U.S. Army . He assisted Lyon in securing help of the St. Louis ' Home Guard in moving over 20,000 rifles and muskets from the St. Louis Arsenal to Illinois . Missouri secessionists considered this event as breaking of informal truce established in the state . This set the scene for the Camp Jackson Affair and continuing guerrilla activity by outraged pro-slavery elements . In 1862 , Blair joined the Missouri volunteers , being promoted major general , commanded a division at Vicksburg under Sherman , took part in Sherman 's March to the Sea and ended the war as a corps commander . In 1868 , he was Horatio Seymour 's vice-presidential candidate , but his dramatic speeches about the dangers of black emancipation were believed by some to have cost the Democrats the election . Blair suffered a paralyzing stroke in 1872 , but continued to be active in state politics until his death .
Voters from Nebraska Territory elected delegates to the United States Congress from January 5 , 1855 until statehood was achieved in 1867
Experience Estabrook ( April 30 , 1813 - March 26 , 1894 ) was an American attorney and legal administrator . He was the 3rd Attorney General of Wisconsin and the 1st United States Attorney for the Nebraska Territory .
Samuel Gordon Daily ( 1823 - August 15 , 1866 ) was a Congressional Delegate from the Territory of Nebraska . He was born in Trimble County , Kentucky . Daily moved with his parents to Jefferson County , Indiana in 1824 , where he attended the common schools and Hanover College in Hanover , Indiana . Daily then studied law and was admitted to the bar in Indianapolis , Indiana and commenced practice in Madison , Indiana . He was an unsuccessful candidate of the Free Soil Party for election to the Indiana General Assembly ; he then moved to Indianapolis and was engaged in the cooperage business . In 1857 , he moved to Nebraska Territory , and settled in Peru , Nebraska , in Nemaha County , Nebraska . Daily built a sawmill on the Missouri River and in 1858 became a member of the Nebraska Territorial House of Representatives . In this position , he was one of the first in Nebraska to declare himself a Republican . Daily was a radical and outspoken abolitionist . He also introduced the first bill to abolish slavery in the Territory . The bill failed . Samuel Daily successfully contested as a Republican the election of Experience Estabrook to the Thirty-sixth United States Congress , .
The 31st Congressional District of New York was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York . It was eliminated as a result of the 2000 Census . It was last represented by Amo Houghton who was redistricted into the 29th District .
Silas Mainville Burroughs ( July 16 , 1810 - June 3 , 1860 ) was a U.S. Representative from New York .
Edwin Ruthvin Reynolds ( February 16 , 1816 - July 4 , 1908 ) was a U.S. Representative from New York .
Missouri 's first congressional district is in the eastern portion of the state . It includes all of St. Louis City and much of northern St. Louis County . Its current representative is Democrat William Lacy Clay Jr. , who was elected in 2001 . Clay 's father , Bill Clay , had previously represented the district for over thirty years .
John Richard Barret ( August 21 , 1825 - November 2 , 1903 ) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri . Born in Greensburg , Kentucky , Barret attended the common schools and then went to Centre College in Danville , Kentucky . He moved to St. Louis , Missouri in 1839 and graduated from St. Louis University in 1843 . He thereafter studied and then practiced law . Barret was elected to the State house of representatives in 1852 and served four terms . He became identified with the St. Louis Agricultural Society and organized its exhibitions . After defeating the incumbent Francis P. Blair , Jr. in 1858 , he presented his credentials as a Democratic member-elect to the 36th Congress . He served from March 4 , 1859 to June 8 , 1860 , when he was succeeded by Blair , who had contested the election . In a special election against Blair , Barret was subsequently sent again to the same Congress to fill the vacancy caused by Blair 's resignation on June 25 . Barret then served from December 3 , 1860 to March 4 , 1861 . Blair successfully ran against him in the general election in 1860 for a seat in the 37th Congress . Barret moved to New York City and engaged in numerous occupations , eventually dying there on November 2 , 1903 .
William Alanson Howard ( April 8 , 1813 - April 10 , 1880 ) served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan from March 4 , 1855 to March 3 , 1859 and from May 15 , 1860 to March 3 , 1861 . Howard was the sixth Governor of the Dakota Territory from 1878 to 1880 .
Pennsylvania 's 8th congressional district is located in the northeastern region of the state . It encompasses all of Wayne County , Pike County , and Lackawanna County , along with portions of Luzerne County and Monroe County . The district was primarily based in Bucks County from the 1940s until 2018 , even as most other districts in Pennsylvania changed drastically during that time frame due to population shifts and Pennsylvania 's loss of seats in the House . The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania redrew the district in February 2018 after ruling the previous map unconstitutional due to gerrymandering . The 8th district was reassigned to the northeastern part of the state for the 2018 elections and representation thereafter . Parts of the new 8th come from the old 17th district , including the ancestrally Democratic cities of Scranton and Wilkes-Barre in the Wyoming Valley , and other parts come from the old 10th district , including the more conservative counties of Pike and Wayne . The district is rated slightly Republican with a Cook PVI of R+1 ; however , the Democratic incumbent of the old 17th district , Matthew Cartwright , won in 2018 .
John Schwartz ( October 27 , 1793 - June 20 , 1860 ) was an Anti-Lecompton Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania . Schwartz was born in Northumberland County , Pennsylvania to Philip Schwartz and Maria Magdalena Schlosser , and was apprenticed to a merchant in Reading , Pennsylvania . He became a partner at the expiration of his apprenticeship . Schwartz served in the War of 1812 as a major , and was engaged in the manufacture of iron products . His father , Philip , served in the Revolutionary War and was in Valley Forge Schwartz was elected as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat to the Thirty-sixth Congress and served until his death in Washington , D.C. in 1860 . He was interred in Charles Evans Cemetery in Reading , Pennsylvania . Cenotaph at Congressional Cemetery . He married Elizabeth Wood , daughter of Michael Wood .
Jacob Kerlin McKenty ( January 19 , 1827 - January 3 , 1866 ) was an American attorney and politician . A Democrat , he was most notable for his service as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania .
Mississippi 's 1st congressional district is in the northeast corner of the state . It includes much of the northern portion of the state including Columbus , Oxford , Southaven , and Tupelo . One of the state 's major universities , the University of Mississippi ( Ole Miss ) , is located within the district at Oxford . The district includes Alcorn , Benton , Calhoun , Chickasaw , Choctaw , Clay , DeSoto , Itawamba , Lafayette , Lee , Lowndes , Marshall , Monroe , Pontotoc , Prentiss , Tate , Tippah , Tishomingo , Union , Webster , and Winston counties and a portion of Oktibbeha County . From statehood to the election of 1846 , Mississippi elected representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket . The congressional seat has been held by Republican Trent Kelly who won a June , 2015 special election to fill the vacant seat previously held by Republican Alan Nunnelee who died February 6 , 2015 . In the November 2010 election , Nunnelee had defeated Democratic incumbent Travis Childers , Constitutionalist Gail Giaramita , Independent Conservative Party candidate Wally Pang of Batesville , Libertarian Harold Taylor , and Reformist Barbara Dale Washer .
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II ( September 17 , 1825 - January 23 , 1893 ) was an American politician , diplomat , and jurist . A member of the Democratic Party , he represented Mississippi in both houses of Congress , served as the United States Secretary of the Interior , and was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States . He also served as an official in the Confederate States of America . Born and educated in Georgia , he moved to Oxford , Mississippi to establish a legal practice . He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1856 and served until December 1860 , when he helped draft Mississippi 's Ordinance of Secession . He helped raise the 19th Mississippi Infantry Regiment and worked on the staff of his cousin , General James Longstreet . In 1862 , Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed Lamar to the position of Confederate minister to Russia . Following the Civil War , Lamar taught at the University of Mississippi and was a delegate to several state constitutional conventions . Lamar returned to the United States House of Representatives in 1873 , becoming the first Mississippi Democrat elected to the House since the end of the Civil War . He remained in the House until 1877 , and represented Mississippi in the Senate from 1877 to 1885 . He opposed Reconstruction and voting rights for African Americans . In 1885 , he accepted appointment as Grover Cleveland 's Secretary of the Interior .
The 3rd Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in western South Carolina bordering both Georgia and North Carolina . It includes all of Abbeville , Anderson , Edgefield , Greenwood , Laurens , McCormick , Oconee , Pickens and Saluda counties and portions of Greenville and Newberry counties . The district is mostly rural , but much of the economy revolves around the manufacturing centers of Anderson and Greenwood .
Laurence Massillon Keitt ( October 4 , 1824 - June 2 , 1864 ) was an American planter , lawyer , politician , and soldier from South Carolina . During his tenure in the United States House of Representatives , he was included in several lists of Fire-Eaters - men who adamantly urged the secession of southern states from the United States , and who resisted measures of compromise and reconciliation , leading to the American Civil War . Keitt is notable for being involved in two separate acts of legislative violence in the Congressional chambers . In the first , Keitt assisted Representative Preston Brooks ( D-SC ) in his 1856 attack on Senator Charles Sumner ( R-MA ) in the Senate chamber by brandishing a pistol and cane to prevent other Senators from coming to Sumner 's aid . The second was in 1858 , when he attacked and attempted to choke Representative Galusha Grow ( R-PA ) during an argument on the floor of the U.S. House . When the Civil War began , he served as a deputy of the Provisional Confederate States Congress and later as a colonel in the Confederate States Army , until he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Cold Harbor in June 1864 .
The 1st Congressional District of South Carolina is a coastal congressional district in South Carolina , represented by Democrat Joe Cunningham since January 3 , 2019 . He succeeded Republican Mark Sanford , who was defeated by Katie Arrington in the Republican primary . Cunningham is the first Democrat to represent the district since the 1980s . The district has historically been based in Charleston . It has included Myrtle Beach , which became a major tourist destination in the late 20th century , as well as other coastal areas that have attracted retirees and seasonal visitors . From 1993 to 2013 , the district boundaries extended from Seabrook Island in the south to the North Carolina border and included parts of Charleston , Dorchester , Berkeley and Georgetown counties and all of Horry County to the North Carolina line . In 2010 , the state received another seat in Congressional apportionment due to an increase in population . The state 's districts had to be redrawn , which was completed in 2013 . In the final plan , the 1st congressional district was redrawn to reach from Hilton Head to mid-coast South Carolina , ending at the Santee River and comprising parts of Charleston , Berkeley , Dorchester and Beaufort counties . This configuration is similar to the one it had for most of the 20th century . Horry County was included in the new 7th congressional district .
John McQueen ( February 9 , 1804 - August 30 , 1867 ) was an American lawyer and politician . He was U.S. Representative from South Carolina and a member of the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War .
The 2nd Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in central and southwestern South Carolina . The district spans from Columbia to the South Carolina side of the Augusta , Georgia metropolitan area . From 1993 through 2012 , it included all of Lexington , Jasper , Hampton , Allendale and Barnwell counties ; most of Richland and Beaufort counties and parts of Aiken , Calhoun and Orangeburg counties . It was made more compact in the 2010 round of redistricting , and now comprises all of Lexington , Aiken and Barnwell counties , most of Richland County , and part of Orangeburg County . Besides Columbia ( 60 percent of which is in the district ) , other major cities in the district include Aiken and North Augusta . The district 's current configuration dates from 1933 , following South Carolina losing a seat in apportionment as a result of the 1930 Census showing that the state 's population had declined . Before that time , much of its territory had been within the 6th district . As a Columbia-based district from 1933 to the early 1990s , it was a fairly compact district in the central part of the state , which was largely coextensive with the Columbia metropolitan area . As a result of the 1990 census , the state legislature was required to draw a black-majority district . In a deal between Republicans and Democrats , the 6th District , previously located in the northeastern portion of the state , was redefined to incorporate most of the old 2nd 's black residents . To make up for the loss in population , the 2nd was pushed as far west as the fringes of the Augusta suburbs and as far south as Beaufort/Hilton Head . Since 1965 the 2nd district has been held by the Republican Party , made up of white conservatives in the late 20th-century realignment of political parties in the South .
William Porcher Miles ( July 4 , 1822 - May 11 , 1899 ) was among the ardent states ' rights advocates , supporters of slavery , and Southern secessionists who came to be known as the Fire-Eaters . He is notable for having designed the most popular variant of the Confederate flag , originally rejected as the national flag in 1861 but adopted as a battle flag by the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee before it was reincorporated . Born in South Carolina , he showed little early interest in politics , and his early career included the study of law and a tenure as a mathematics professor at the Charleston College from 1843 to 1855 . In the late 1840s , as sectional issues roiled South Carolina politics , Miles began to speak up on sectional issues . He opposed both the Wilmot Proviso and the Compromise of 1850 . From then on , Miles would look at any northern efforts to restrict slavery as justification for secession . Miles was elected as mayor of Charleston in 1855 and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1857 until South Carolina seceded , in December 1860 . He was a member of the state secession convention and a representative from South Carolina at the Confederate Convention in Montgomery , Alabama , which established the provisional government and constitution for the Confederate States . He represented his state in the Confederate House of Representatives during the American Civil War .
The 4th Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in upstate South Carolina bordering North Carolina . It includes parts of Greenville and Spartanburg counties . The district is characterized by the two major cities of Greenville and Spartanburg . The district is the state 's wealthiest district and one of its most conservative . In the late 20th century , it has been in Republican hands since 1979 , aside from a six-year stint by Democrat Liz J. Patterson , the daughter of former Senator Olin Johnston . Even before the Republicans finally took control of the seat , the 4th had been a rather conservative district . Like in most of the state , the old-line Southern Democrats began splitting their tickets as early as the 1940s . However , this area 's white conservatives became increasingly willing to support Republicans at the state and local level as early as the 1970s , well before the rest of the state swung Republican . The district is a major destination for presidential candidates in election years , as South Carolina is one of the first states to hold a presidential primary . Republican William Timmons has represented the district since January 3 , 2019 . He succeeded Republican Trey Gowdy who did not seek reelection .
Milledge Luke Bonham ( December 25 , 1813 - August 27 , 1890 ) was an American politician and Congressman who served as the 70th Governor of South Carolina from 1862 until 1864 . He was a Confederate General during the American Civil War .
The 5th Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in northern South Carolina bordering North Carolina . The district includes all of Cherokee , Chester , Fairfield , Kershaw , Lancaster , Lee , Union and York counties and parts of Newberry , Spartanburg and Sumter counties . Outside the rapidly growing cities of Rock Hill , Fort Mill , and Lake Wylie the district is mostly rural and agricultural . The district borders were contracted from some of the easternmost counties in the 2012 redistricting . The district 's character is very similar to other mostly rural districts in the South . Democrats still hold most offices outside Republican-dominated York County . However , few of the area 's Democrats can be described as liberal by national standards ; most are fairly conservative on social issues , but less so on economics . The largest blocs of Republican voters are in the fast-growing suburbs of Charlotte , North Carolina and Cherokee County , which shares the Republican tilt of most of the rest of the Upstate . York County is by far the largest county in the district , with almost one-third of its population , and its Republican bent has pushed the district as a whole into the Republican column in recent years . In November 2010 , the Republican Mick Mulvaney defeated longtime Congressman John Spratt and became the first Republican since Robert Smalls and the end of Reconstruction to represent the district . Following Mulvaney 's confirmation as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget , a special election was held in 2017 to determine his successor . Republican Ralph Norman narrowly won the special election against Archie Parnell .
John Durant Ashmore ( August 18 , 1819 - December 5 , 1871 ) was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina , and a cousin of Robert T. Ashmore .
The 6th Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in central and eastern South Carolina . It includes all of Allendale , Bamberg , Clarendon , Colleton , Hampton , Jasper and Williamsburg counties and parts of Beaufort , Berkeley , Calhoun , Charleston , Dorchester , Orangeburg , Richland and Sumter counties . The district borders were shifted south in the 2012 redistricting . It lost its share of the North Carolina border , and now takes in part of the area near the South Carolina-Georgia border . The district 's current configuration dates from a deal struck in the early 1990s between state Republicans and Democrats in the South Carolina General Assembly to create a majority-black district . The rural counties of the historical black belt in South Carolina make up much of the district , but it sweeps south to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Charleston , and sweeps west to include most of the majority-black precincts in and around Columbia . In all of its configurations , its politics have been dominated by black voters in the Columbia and Charleston areas . Following the Reconstruction era , the white Democratic-dominated legislature passed Jim Crow laws , as well as a new constitution in 1895 that effectively disfranchised blacks , crippling the Republican Party in the state . For most of the next 60 years , South Carolina was essentially a one-party state dominated by the Democrats , and blacks were nearly excluded from the political system . Demographic and political changes have included the Great Migration of blacks out of the state during the Jim Crow era in the first half of the 20th century . At the same time , many white Democrats felt chagrin at the national party 's greater support of civil rights for blacks from the 1940s onward , and began splitting their tickets in federal elections . After successes of the Civil Rights Movement in gaining passage of federal legislation in the mid-1960s to enforce their constitutional rights and ability to vote , blacks in South Carolina supported national Democratic candidates .
William Waters Boyce ( October 24 , 1818 - February 3 , 1890 ) was an attorney , South Carolina state politician , and a U.S . Congressman . He was also a prominent Confederate States of America politician during the American Civil War .
Maine 's 5th congressional district was a congressional district in Maine . It was created in 1821 after Maine achieved statehood in 1820 . It was eliminated in 1883 . Its last congressman was Thompson Henry Murch .
Israel Washburn Jr. ( June 6 , 1813 - May 12 , 1883 ) was a United States political figure . Originally a member of the Whig Party , he later became a founding member of the Republican Party . In 1842 , Washburn served in the Maine House of Representatives . In 1854 , angry over the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act , Washburn called a meeting of 30 members of the US House of Representatives to discuss forming what became the Republican Party . Republican gatherings had taken place in Wisconsin and Michigan earlier in the year , but Washburn 's meeting was the first in the U.S. Capital , and among U.S . Congressmen . He was probably also the first politician of his rank to use the term Republican , in a speech at Bangor , Maine on June 2 , 1854 . Washburn represented the district which included Bangor and the neighboring town of Orono , Maine , where he had his home and law office .
The Governor of Maine is the chief executive of the State of Maine . Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820 , Maine was part of Massachusetts and the Governor of Massachusetts was chief executive . The current Governor of Maine is Janet Mills , a Democrat , who took office January 2 , 2019 . The governor of Maine receives a salary of $ 70,000 , which as of 2016 [ update ] is the lowest by $ 20,000 of the 50 state governors .
Stephen Coburn ( November 11 , 1817 - July 4 , 1882 ) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Maine . He was brother to Maine Governor Abner Coburn and the father of Louise Helen Coburn , the founder of Sigma Kappa sorority and a prominent Maine writer . Coburn was born in Bloomfield , now known as Skowhegan . He graduated from Colby College in Waterville in 1839 and after teaching at a plantation school for two years , he attended Harvard Law School and became a prominent lawyer in his native state . He was elected to the 36th Congress in a special election on November 6 , 1860 and served from January 2 to March 3 , 1861 . The election for the 37th Congress had actually been held in September of the previous year , so he could not be re-elected . Coburn served as a delegate from Maine to the peace convention in 1861 in Washington , D.C. Coburn resumed his law practice , eventually becoming postmaster of Skowhegan . He died in the Kennebec River in 1882 . He is interred in South Cemetery in Skowhegan .
Mississippi 's 2nd congressional district ( MS-2 ) covers much of Western Mississippi . It includes most of Jackson , the riverfront cities of Greenville and Vicksburg and the interior market cities of Clarksdale , Greenwood and Clinton . The district is approximately 275 miles ( 443 km ) long , 180 miles ( 290 km ) wide and borders the Mississippi River ; it encompasses much of the Mississippi Delta , and a total of 15 counties and parts of several others . It is the only majority-black district in the state . The district is home to four of Mississippi 's eight public four-year colleges and universities : Alcorn State University in Lorman ; Delta State University in Cleveland ; Jackson State University in Jackson ; and Mississippi Valley State University in Itta Bena , a few miles west of Greenwood . All except Delta State are HBCUs and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference . From statehood to the election of 1846 , Mississippi elected representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket . This favored candidates who could command a majority of the voters , then consisting mostly of white men of property . Following Reconstruction , the Democratic Party regained control of the state legislature and worked to reduce Republican voting strength in the state . It redefined congressional districts , creating a 'shoestring ' congressional district running the length of the Mississippi River and taking in the black-majority ( then Republican ) areas of the Mississippi Delta . By this gerrymandering , they created five other districts with white majorities . Election campaigns were often accompanied by fraud and violence as Democrats tried to reduce black Republican voting .
Reuben O. Davis ( January 18 , 1813 - October 14 , 1890 ) was a United States Representative from Mississippi . Born in Winchester , Tennessee into a family of Welsh origin , he moved with his parents to Alabama about 1818 . His grandfather Joseph Davis was born in Wales in 1763 and emigrated to Virginia . Reuben Davis attended the public schools . Later , he studied medicine , but practiced only a few years , when he abandoned the profession . He then studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1834 , and commenced practice in Aberdeen , Mississippi . Davis became one of the most successful criminal lawyers in the South , and was elected prosecuting attorney for the sixth judicial district 1835-1839 . He was an unsuccessful Whig candidate for the Twenty-sixth Congress in 1838 . He was then appointed by Governor Tucker as a judge of the high court of appeals in 1842 , but after four months service resigned . Davis served as colonel of the Second Regiment of Mississippi Volunteers in the Mexican-American War . After the war , he was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives 1855-1857 . He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses and served from March 4 , 1857 , to January 12 , 1861 , when he withdrew .
Mississippi 's 3rd congressional district ( MS-3 ) covers central portions of state and stretches from the Louisiana border in the west to the Alabama border in the east . Large cities in the district include Meridian , Starkville , Pearl , and Natchez . It also includes most of the wealthier portions of Jackson , including the portion of the city located in Rankin County . The district includes the state 's largest college and land-grant university , Mississippi State University in Starkville . From statehood to the election of 1846 , Mississippi elected representatives at-large statewide on a general ticket . This district has been redefined based on changes in statewide population . Its current representative is Republican Michael Guest .
William Barksdale ( August 21 , 1821 - July 3 , 1863 ) was a lawyer , newspaper editor , U.S . Congressman , slaveholder and a Confederate general in the American Civil War . A staunch secessionist , he was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg while leading his brigade 's attack on Union forces not far from Cemetery Ridge .