List of threatened species of the Philippines
Animals -- Vulnerable
Table:
Scientific name

Common name(s)

Local name(s)

Distribution

Order

Acanthastrea spp.

Native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean

Scleractinia

Acerodon leucotis

Palawan flying fox

Endemic to Palawan and neighboring islands

Chiroptera

Acrocephalus sorghophilus

Streaked reed-warbler

Native to China, Taiwan, and the Philippines

Passeriformes

Acropora spp.

Table corals

Native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean

Scleractinia

Actenoides hombroni

Blue-capped kingfisher

Endemic to Mindanao

Coraciiformes

Aetomylaeus nichofii

Banded eagle ray

Native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean

Myliobatiformes

Aioliops brachypterus

Endemic to Miniloc Island and El Nido Island

Perciformes

Alionycteris paucidentata

Mindanao pygmy fruit bat

Endemic to the Philippines

Chiroptera

Alveopora spp.

Native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean

Scleractinia

Anacropora spp.

Briar corals

Native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean

Scleractinia

Ansonia mcgregori

Endemic to Mindanao

Anura

Ansonia muelleri

Endemic to Mindanao and Dinagat Island

Anura

Anthracoceros marchei

Palawan hornbill

Endemic to the Palawan archipelago

Coraciiformes

Anas luzonica

Philippine duck

Endemic to the Philippines

Anseriformes

Anonymomys mindorensis

Mindoro climbing rat

Endemic to the Philippines

Rodentia

Aonyx cinerea

Asian small-clawed otter

Found in Palawan in the Philippines. Native to South Asia and Southeast Asia

Carnivora

Apomys gracilirostris

Large Mindoro forest mouse

Endemic to Mindoro

Rodentia

Apomys sacobianus

Long-nosed Luzon forest mouse

Endemic to the Philippines

Rodentia

Archboldomys luzonensis

Mt. Isarog shrew-mouse

Endemic to Mt. Isarog, Camarines Sur

Rodentia

Arctictis binturong

Binturong

Binturong

Found in Palawan in the Philippines. Native to South Asia and Southeast Asia

Carnivora

Based on the table and the textual context listed.

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Binomial nomenclature ( two-term naming system ) , also called binominal nomenclature ( two-name naming system ) or binary nomenclature , is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages . Such a name is called a binomial name ( which may be shortened to just binomial ) , a binomen , binominal name or a scientific name ; more informally it is also called a Latin name . The first part of the name - the generic name - identifies the genus to which the species belongs , while the second part - the specific name or specific epithet - identifies the species within the genus . For example , humans belong to the genus Homo and within this genus to the species Homo sapiens . Tyrannosaurus rex is probably the most widely known binomial . The formal introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus , effectively beginning with his work Species Plantarum in 1753 . But Gaspard Bauhin , in as early as 1622 , had introduced in his book Pinax theatri botanici ( English , Illustrated exposition of plants ) many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus . The application of binomial nomenclature is now governed by various internationally agreed codes of rules , of which the two most important are the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN ) for animals and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae , fungi , and plants ( ICNafp ) . Although the general principles underlying binomial nomenclature are common to these two codes , there are some differences , both in the terminology they use and in their precise rules . In modern usage , the first letter of the first part of the name , the genus , is always capitalized in writing , while that of the second part is not , even when derived from a proper noun such as the name of a person or place . Similarly , both parts are italicized when a binomial name occurs in normal text ( or underlined in handwriting ) . Thus the binomial name of the annual phlox ( named after botanist Thomas Drummond ) is now written as Phlox drummondii .
In biology , a common name of a taxon or organism ; also known as a vernacular name ( local name ) , English name , colloquial name , trivial name , trivial epithet , country name , popular name , or farmer 's name ; is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life ; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism , which is Latinized . A common name is sometimes frequently used , but that is by no means always the case . Sometimes common names are created by authorities on one particular subject , in an attempt to make it possible for members of the general public ( including such interested parties as fishermen , farmers , etc . ) to be able to refer to one particular species of organism without needing to be able to memorise or pronounce the Latinized scientific name . Creating an official list of common names can also be an attempt to standardize the use of common names , which can sometimes vary a great deal between one part of a country and another , as well as between one country and another country , even where the same language is spoken in both places .
In biological classification , the order ( Latin : ordo ) is
Acanthastrea is a genus of large polyp stony corals in the family Lobophylliidae . The colonies are massive and usually flat . The corallites are either circular or angular in shape . The septa are thick near the wall of the corallite , becoming thin near the columella , and have tall teeth . The polyps are extended only at night . The genus contains the following species :
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world 's oceanic divisions , covering 70,560,000 km2 ( 27,240,000 sq mi ) or 19.8% of the water on the Earth 's surface . It is bounded by Asia to the north , Africa to the west , and Australia to the east . To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica , depending on the definition in use .
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth 's oceanic divisions . It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean ( or , depending on definition , to Antarctica ) in the south and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east . At 165,250,000 square kilometers ( 63,800,000 square miles ) in area ( as defined with an Antarctic southern border ) , this largest division of the World Ocean - and , in turn , the hydrosphere - covers about 46% of Earth 's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area , making it larger than all of Earth 's land area combined . The centers of both the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere are in the Pacific Ocean . The equator subdivides it into the North ( ern ) Pacific Ocean and South ( ern ) Pacific Ocean , with two exceptions : the Galápagos and Gilbert Islands , while straddling the equator , are deemed wholly within the South Pacific . Its mean depth is 4,000 meters ( 13,000 feet ) . Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench , located in the western north Pacific , is the deepest point in the world , reaching a depth of 10,928 meters ( 35,853 feet ) . The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the Southern Hemisphere , the Horizon Deep in the Tonga Trench , at 10,823 meters ( 35,509 feet ) . The third deepest point on Earth , the Sirena Deep , is also located in the Mariana Trench . The western Pacific has many major marginal seas , including the South China Sea , the East China Sea , the Sea of Japan , the Sea of Okhotsk , the Philippine Sea , the Coral Sea , and the Tasman Sea .
Scleractinia , also called stony corals or hard corals , are marine animals in the phylum Cnidaria that build themselves a hard skeleton . The individual animals are known as polyps and have a cylindrical body crowned by an oral disc in which a mouth is fringed with tentacles . Although some species are solitary , most are colonial . The founding polyp settles and starts to secrete calcium carbonate to protect its soft body . Solitary corals can be as much as 25 cm ( 10 in ) across but in colonial species the polyps are usually only a few millimetres in diameter . These polyps reproduce asexually by budding , but remain attached to each other , forming a multi-polyp colony of clones with a common skeleton , which may be up to several metres in diameter or height according to species . The shape and appearance of each coral colony depends not only on the species , but also on its location , depth , the amount of water movement and other factors . Many shallow-water corals contain symbiont unicellular organisms known as zooxanthellae within their tissues . These give their colour to the coral which thus may vary in hue depending on what species of symbiont it contains . Stony corals are closely related to sea anemones , and like them are armed with stinging cells known as cnidocytes . Corals reproduce both sexually and asexually . Most species release gametes into the sea where fertilisation takes place , and the planula larvae drift as part of the plankton , but a few species brood their eggs .
The Palawan fruit bat ( Acerodon leucotis ) , also known as the Palawan flying fox , is a species of megabat found in forests of Palawan , Balabac and Busuanga in the Philippines . It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN and is declining due to hunting and habitat loss .
The Palawan fruit bat ( Acerodon leucotis ) , also known as the Palawan flying fox , is a species of megabat found in forests of Palawan , Balabac and Busuanga in the Philippines . It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN and is declining due to hunting and habitat loss .
Palawan ( pronounced /pəˈlɑːwɑːn/ ) , officially the Province of Palawan ( Cuyonon : Probinsya i'ang Palawan / Paragua ; Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Palawan ; Hiligaynon : Kapuoran sang Palawan ; Cebuano : Lalawigan sa Palawan ) , is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of MIMAROPA . It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction . Its capital is the city of Puerto Princesa , but the city is governed independently from the province as a highly urbanized city . The islands of Palawan stretch between Mindoro in the northeast and Borneo in the southwest . It lies between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea . The province is named after its largest island , Palawan Island ( 09°30′N 118°30′E / 9.500°N 118.500°E / 9.500 ; 118.500 ) , measuring 450 kilometres ( 280 mi ) long , and 50 kilometres ( 31 mi ) wide . In 2019 Republic Act 11259 was passed providing for the division of Palawan into three separate provinces . Per the law , a plebiscite will be held in Palawan in May 2020 determining whether this division will be carried out . ( See 'Contemporary period ' section )
Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera ; [ a ] with their forelimbs adapted as wings , they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight . Bats are more manoeuvrable than birds , flying with their very long spread-out digits covered with a thin membrane or patagium . The smallest bat , and arguably the smallest extant mammal , is Kitti 's hog-nosed bat , which is 29-34 mm ( 1.14-1.34 in ) in length , 15 cm ( 5.91 in ) across the wings and 2-2.6 g ( 0.07-0.09 oz ) in mass . The largest bats are the flying foxes and the giant golden-crowned flying fox , Acerodon jubatus , which can weigh 1.6 kg ( 4 lb ) and have a wingspan of 1.7 m ( 5 ft 7 in ) . The second largest order of mammals after rodents , bats comprise about 20% of all classified mammal species worldwide , with over 1,200 species . These were traditionally divided into two suborders : the largely fruit-eating megabats , and the echolocating microbats . But more recent evidence has supported dividing the order into Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera , with megabats as members of the former along with several species of microbats . Many bats are insectivores , and most of the rest are frugivores ( fruit-eaters ) . A few species feed on animals other than insects ; for example , the vampire bats feed on blood . Most bats are nocturnal , and many roost in caves or other refuges ; it is uncertain whether bats have these behaviours to escape predators . Bats are present throughout the world , with the exception of extremely cold regions . They are important in their ecosystems for pollinating flowers and dispersing seeds ; many tropical plants depend entirely on bats for these services .
The speckled reed warbler or streaked reed warbler ( Acrocephalus sorghophilus ) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae . It is found in China and the Philippines . Its natural habitats are swamps and arable land . It is threatened by habitat loss , particularly wetland loss in its wintering area .
The speckled reed warbler or streaked reed warbler ( Acrocephalus sorghophilus ) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Acrocephalidae . It is found in China and the Philippines . Its natural habitats are swamps and arable land . It is threatened by habitat loss , particularly wetland loss in its wintering area .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands .
A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes , which includes more than half of all bird species . Sometimes known as perching birds or songbirds , passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by the arrangement of their toes ( three pointing forward and one back ) , which facilitates perching , amongst other features specific to their evolutionary history in Australaves . With more than 140 families and some 6,600 identified species , Passeriformes is the largest order of birds and among the most diverse orders of terrestrial vertebrates . Passerines are divided into three suborders : Acanthisitti ( New Zealand wrens ) , Tyranni ( suboscines ) and Passeri ( oscines ) . The passerines contain several groups of brood parasites such as the viduas , cuckoo-finches , and the cowbirds . Most passerines are omnivorous , while the shrikes are carnivorous . The terms passerine and Passeriformes are derived from the scientific name of the house sparrow , Passer domesticus , and ultimately from the Latin term passer , which refers to sparrows and similar small birds .
Acropora is a genus of small polyp stony coral in the phylum Cnidaria . Some of its species are known as table coral , elkhorn coral , and staghorn coral . Over 149 species are described . Acropora species are some of the major reef corals responsible for building the immense calcium carbonate substructure that supports the thin living skin of a reef .
Hombron 's kingfisher or the blue-capped kingfisher ( Actenoides hombroni ) is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae endemic to the Philippines . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Hombron 's kingfisher or the blue-capped kingfisher ( Actenoides hombroni ) is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae endemic to the Philippines . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Mindanao ( /mɪndəˈnaʊ/ ( listen ) ) , or still commonly known as Southern Philippines , is the second-largest island in the Philippines . Mindanao and the smaller islands surrounding it make up the island group of the same name . Located in the southern region of the archipelago , as of the 2010 census , the main island was inhabited by 20,281,545 people , while the entire Mindanao island group had an estimated total of 25,537,691 ( 2018 ) residents . According to the 2015 Philippine Population Census , Davao City is the most populous city on the island , with a population of 1,632,991 residents , followed by Zamboanga City ( pop . 861,799 ) , Cagayan de Oro City ( pop . 675,950 ) , General Santos City ( pop . 594,446 ) , Iligan City ( pop . 342,618 ) , Butuan City ( pop . 337,063 ) and Cotabato City ( pop . 299,438 ) . About 70% of residents identify as Christian , and 20% identify as Muslim . Mindanao is divided into six administrative regions : the Zamboanga Peninsula , Northern Mindanao , the Caraga region , the Davao region , Soccsksargen , and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ( BARMM ) .
The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colorful birds including the kingfishers , the bee-eaters , the rollers , the motmots , and the todies . They generally have syndactyly , with three forward-pointing toes ( and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base ) , though in many kingfishers one of these is missing . This is largely an Old World order , with the representation in the New World limited to the dozen or so species of todies and motmots , and a mere handful of the more than a hundred species of kingfishers . The name Coraciiformes means raven-like , which is a misnomer ( ravens are passerines ) . Specifically , it comes from the Latin language corax , meaning raven and Latin forma , meaning form , which is the standard ending for bird orders .
The banded eagle ray ( Aetomylaeus nichofii ) is a species of fish in the family Myliobatidae . It is found in Australia , Bangladesh , Brunei , Cambodia , China , India , Indonesia , Japan , North Korea , South Korea , Malaysia , Myanmar , Pakistan , Papua New Guinea , the Philippines , Singapore , Sri Lanka , Taiwan , Thailand , Vietnam , possibly Maldives , and possibly Mozambique . Its natural habitats are open seas , shallow seas , and coral reefs . It is threatened by habitat loss .
The banded eagle ray ( Aetomylaeus nichofii ) is a species of fish in the family Myliobatidae . It is found in Australia , Bangladesh , Brunei , Cambodia , China , India , Indonesia , Japan , North Korea , South Korea , Malaysia , Myanmar , Pakistan , Papua New Guinea , the Philippines , Singapore , Sri Lanka , Taiwan , Thailand , Vietnam , possibly Maldives , and possibly Mozambique . Its natural habitats are open seas , shallow seas , and coral reefs . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Myliobatiformes is one of the four orders of batoids , cartilaginous fishes related to sharks . They were formerly included in the order Rajiformes , but more recent phylogenetic studies have shown the myliobatiforms to be a monophyletic group , and its more derived members evolved their highly flattened shapes independently of the skates .
El Nido , officially the Municipality of El Nido , ( Tagalog : Bayan ng El Nido ) , is a 1st class municipality in the province of Palawan , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 41,606 people . It is about 420 kilometres ( 260 mi ) south-west of Manila , and about 238 kilometres ( 148 mi ) north-east of Puerto Princesa , Palawans capital . A managed resource protected area , it is known for its white-sand beaches , coral reefs , limestone cliffs and as the gateway to the Bacuit archipelago . El Nido is currently ranked # 4 in Condé Nast Traveler 's list of 20 Most Beautiful Beaches in the World . CNNGo has called it the Best Beach and Island destination in the Philippines for its extraordinary natural splendor and ecosystem .
El Nido , officially the Municipality of El Nido , ( Tagalog : Bayan ng El Nido ) , is a 1st class municipality in the province of Palawan , Philippines . According to the 2015 census , it has a population of 41,606 people . It is about 420 kilometres ( 260 mi ) south-west of Manila , and about 238 kilometres ( 148 mi ) north-east of Puerto Princesa , Palawans capital . A managed resource protected area , it is known for its white-sand beaches , coral reefs , limestone cliffs and as the gateway to the Bacuit archipelago . El Nido is currently ranked # 4 in Condé Nast Traveler 's list of 20 Most Beautiful Beaches in the World . CNNGo has called it the Best Beach and Island destination in the Philippines for its extraordinary natural splendor and ecosystem .
Perciformes , also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri , is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish . If considered a single order , they are the most numerous order of vertebrates , containing about 41% of all bony fish . Perciformes means perch-like . This group comprises over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic ecosystems . The order contains about 160 families , which is the most of any order within the vertebrates . It is also the most variably sized order of vertebrates , ranging from the 7-mm ( 1/4-in ) Schindleria brevipinguis to the 5-m ( 16.4 ft ) marlin in the genus Makaira . They first appeared and diversified in the Late Cretaceous . Among the well-known members of this group are perch and darters ( Percidae ) , sea bass and groupers ( Serranidae ) .
The Mindanao pygmy fruit bat ( Alionycteris paucidentata ) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae . It is monotypic within the genus Alionycteris . It is endemic to the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests . It is threatened by habitat loss .
The Mindanao pygmy fruit bat ( Alionycteris paucidentata ) is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae . It is monotypic within the genus Alionycteris . It is endemic to the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Alveopora is a genus of colonial stony corals in the family Acroporidae . Members of this genus are native to the Indo-Pacific region and are often found on reef slopes in turbid water . They are generally uncommon .
Anacropora is a genus of stony corals in the Acroporidae family . They are sometimes called briar corals and there are seven known species .
Ansonia mcgregori is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae . It is endemic to the central and western Mindanao , the Philippines . The specific name mcgregori honors Richard Crittenden McGregor , an Australian ornithologist who collected the holotype . Common names McGregor 's toad , McGregori 's river toad , and McGregor 's stream toad have been coined for it .
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied , tailless amphibians composing the order Anura ( literally without tail in Ancient Greek ) . The oldest fossil proto-frog appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar , but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian , 265 million years ago . Frogs are widely distributed , ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions , but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests . There are over 6,300 recorded species , accounting for around 88% of extant amphibian species . They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders . Warty frog species tend to be called toads , but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal , not from taxonomy or evolutionary history . An adult frog has a stout body , protruding eyes , anteriorly-attached tongue , limbs folded underneath , and no tail ( except in tailed frogs ) . Frogs have glandular skin , with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic . Their skin varies in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown , grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to show toxicity and ward off predators . Adult frogs live in fresh water and on dry land ; some species are adapted for living underground or in trees . Frogs typically lay their eggs in water . The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae called tadpoles that have tails and internal gills .
Ansonia muelleri is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae . It is endemic to the Philippines . Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests , subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical moist montane forests , rivers , intermittent rivers , and freshwater springs . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Dinagat Island is an island located northeast of Mindanao in the Philippines . Until December 2006 , it was part of the province of Surigao del Norte . Being its main island , almost all municipalities of the province of Dinagat Islands are located on it .
The Palawan hornbill ( Anthracoceros marchei ) , known as Talusi in the Philippine language Cuyunon , is a largish ( approximately 70 centimetres ( 28 in ) long , weighing 750 grams ( 26 oz ) , more than 92% of bird species ) forest-dwelling bird . Its plumage is predominantly black , with a white tail , a dark green gloss on its upper parts and a large creamy-white beak with a casque typical of the hornbill family . It emits loud calls which can be transcribed as kaaww and kreik-kreik . Nine species of hornbill are found in the Philippines , and the Palawan hornbill is endemic to Palawan island , but has also been recorded on the nearby islands of Balabac , Busuanga , Calauit , Culion and Coron . Most visiting birdwatchers travel to St Paul 's National Park , Palawan , to see this bird , but it is now uncommon . It acts as a bio-indicator due to its sensitivity to environmental changes . It is officially classified as vulnerable , and its numbers have reduced by at least 20% in the last 10 years due to habitat destruction , hunting for food , and the live bird trade . The Palawan hornbill consumes mostly fruit , but also occasional insects and vertebrates . Due to its large size and home range , it is an important vector of seed dispersal for large-seeded trees . Many ground-dwelling seed-eating mammals live beneath such trees , and in areas where hornbills have become rare , consume such a large percentage of the fallen seeds that they threaten the trees ' survival . It is usually seen in pairs or small noisy family groups , and it has a communal roosting site . It is most usually observed in fruiting trees at the forest edge , but also feeds on insects and small reptiles .
The Palawan hornbill ( Anthracoceros marchei ) , known as Talusi in the Philippine language Cuyunon , is a largish ( approximately 70 centimetres ( 28 in ) long , weighing 750 grams ( 26 oz ) , more than 92% of bird species ) forest-dwelling bird . Its plumage is predominantly black , with a white tail , a dark green gloss on its upper parts and a large creamy-white beak with a casque typical of the hornbill family . It emits loud calls which can be transcribed as kaaww and kreik-kreik . Nine species of hornbill are found in the Philippines , and the Palawan hornbill is endemic to Palawan island , but has also been recorded on the nearby islands of Balabac , Busuanga , Calauit , Culion and Coron . Most visiting birdwatchers travel to St Paul 's National Park , Palawan , to see this bird , but it is now uncommon . It acts as a bio-indicator due to its sensitivity to environmental changes . It is officially classified as vulnerable , and its numbers have reduced by at least 20% in the last 10 years due to habitat destruction , hunting for food , and the live bird trade . The Palawan hornbill consumes mostly fruit , but also occasional insects and vertebrates . Due to its large size and home range , it is an important vector of seed dispersal for large-seeded trees . Many ground-dwelling seed-eating mammals live beneath such trees , and in areas where hornbills have become rare , consume such a large percentage of the fallen seeds that they threaten the trees ' survival . It is usually seen in pairs or small noisy family groups , and it has a communal roosting site . It is most usually observed in fruiting trees at the forest edge , but also feeds on insects and small reptiles .
The Philippine duck ( Anas luzonica ) is a large dabbling duck of the genus Anas . Its native name is papan . It is endemic to the Philippines . As few as 5,000 may remain . Overhunting and habitat loss has contributed to its decline . It has a black crown , nape and eye stripe , with a cinnamon head and neck . Rest of body is greyish brown with a bright green speculum . Its legs are greyish brown , and its bill is blue grey . It eats shrimp , fish , insects , and vegetation , and it frequents all types of wetlands .
The Philippine duck ( Anas luzonica ) is a large dabbling duck of the genus Anas . Its native name is papan . It is endemic to the Philippines . As few as 5,000 may remain . Overhunting and habitat loss has contributed to its decline . It has a black crown , nape and eye stripe , with a cinnamon head and neck . Rest of body is greyish brown with a bright green speculum . Its legs are greyish brown , and its bill is blue grey . It eats shrimp , fish , insects , and vegetation , and it frequents all types of wetlands .
Anseriformes is an order of birds that comprise about 180 living species in three families : Anhimidae ( the 3 screamers ) , Anseranatidae ( the magpie goose ) , and Anatidae , the largest family , which includes over 170 species of waterfowl , among them the ducks , geese , and swans . Most modern species in the order are highly adapted for an aquatic existence at the water surface . With the exception of screamers , all have phalli , a trait that has been lost in the Neoaves . Due to their aquatic nature , most species are web-footed .
The Mindoro climbing rat or Mindoro rat ( Anonymomys mindorensis ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae . It is found only in the Philippines , and is known only from Ilong Peak in the Halcon Mountains . It is the only species in the genus Anonymomys . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest . It is threatened by habitat loss .
The Mindoro climbing rat or Mindoro rat ( Anonymomys mindorensis ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae . It is found only in the Philippines , and is known only from Ilong Peak in the Halcon Mountains . It is the only species in the genus Anonymomys . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest . It is threatened by habitat loss .
Rodents ( from Latin Rodere , to gnaw ) are mammals of the order Rodentia , which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws . About 40% of all mammal species are rodents ( 2,277 species ) ; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica . They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats , including human-made environments . Species can be arboreal , fossorial ( burrowing ) , or semiaquatic . Well-known rodents include mice , rats , squirrels , prairie dogs , chipmunks , chinchillas , porcupines , beavers , guinea pigs , hamsters , gerbils and capybaras . Rabbits , hares , and pikas , whose incisors also grow continually , were once included with them , but are now considered to be in a separate order , the Lagomorpha . Nonetheless , Rodentia and Lagomorpha are sister groups , sharing a single common ancestor and forming the clade of Glires . Most rodents are small animals with robust bodies , short limbs , and long tails . They use their sharp incisors to gnaw food , excavate burrows , and defend themselves . Most eat seeds or other plant material , but some have more varied diets . They tend to be social animals and many species live in societies with complex ways of communicating with each other . Mating among rodents can vary from monogamy , to polygyny , to promiscuity .
The Asian small-clawed otter ( Amblonyx cinereus ) , also known as the oriental small-clawed otter or simply small-clawed otter , is a semiaquatic mammal native to South and Southeast Asia . It is a member of the otter subfamily ( Lutrinae ) of the weasel family ( Mustelidae ) , and is the smallest otter species in the world . Its paws are a distinctive feature ; its claws do not extend beyond the fleshy end pads of its partially webbed fingers and toes . This gives it a high degree of manual dexterity so that it can use its paws to feed on molluscs , crabs and other small aquatic animals . The Asian small-clawed otter inhabits mangrove swamps and freshwater wetlands in South and Southeast Asia . It lives in extended family groups with only the alpha pair breeding ; offspring from previous years help to raise the young . Due to ongoing habitat loss , pollution , and hunting in some areas , it is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List .
The Asian small-clawed otter ( Amblonyx cinereus ) , also known as the oriental small-clawed otter or simply small-clawed otter , is a semiaquatic mammal native to South and Southeast Asia . It is a member of the otter subfamily ( Lutrinae ) of the weasel family ( Mustelidae ) , and is the smallest otter species in the world . Its paws are a distinctive feature ; its claws do not extend beyond the fleshy end pads of its partially webbed fingers and toes . This gives it a high degree of manual dexterity so that it can use its paws to feed on molluscs , crabs and other small aquatic animals . The Asian small-clawed otter inhabits mangrove swamps and freshwater wetlands in South and Southeast Asia . It lives in extended family groups with only the alpha pair breeding ; offspring from previous years help to raise the young . Due to ongoing habitat loss , pollution , and hunting in some areas , it is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List .
South Asia or Southern Asia , is the southern region of the Asian continent , which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and , for some authorities , adjoining countries to the west and east . Topographically , it is dominated by the Indian Plate , which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush . South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land ( clockwise , from west ) by Western Asia , Central Asia , East Asia and Southeast Asia . The current territories of Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , Maldives , Nepal , India , Pakistan and Sri Lanka form South Asia . The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia . South Asia covers about 5.2 million km2 ( 2 million mi2 ) , which is 11.71% of the Asian continent or 3.5% of the world 's land surface area . The population of South Asia is about 1.891 billion or about one fourth of the world 's population , making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world . Overall , it accounts for about 39.49% of Asia 's population , over 24% of the world 's population , and is home to a vast array of people . In 2010 , South Asia had the world 's largest populations of Hindus , Muslims , Sikhs , Jains and Zoroastrians . South Asia alone accounts for 98.47% population of global Hindus , 90.5% of global Sikhs , 31% of global Muslims , 35 million Christians and 25 million Buddhists .
Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia , consisting of the regions that are geographically south of China , east of the Indian subcontinent and north-west of Australia . Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia , to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal , to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean , and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean . The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere , although the majority of it is in the Northern Hemisphere . In contemporary definition , Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions :
Carnivora ( /kɑːrˈnɪvərə/ ; ; from Latin carō ( stem carn- ) flesh and vorāre to devour ) is a diverse scrotiferan order that includes over 280 species of placental mammals . Its members are formally referred to as carnivorans , whereas the word carnivore ( often popularly applied to members of this group ) can refer to any meat-eating organism . Carnivorans are the most diverse in size of any mammalian order , ranging from the least weasel ( Mustela nivalis ) , at as little as 25 g ( 0.88 oz ) and 11 cm ( 4.3 in ) , to the polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) , which can weigh up to 1,000 kg ( 2,200 lb ) , to the southern elephant seal ( Mirounga leonina ) , whose adult males weigh up to 5,000 kg ( 11,000 lb ) and measure up to 6.7 m ( 22 ft ) in length . Carnivorans have teeth and claws adapted for catching and eating other animals . Many hunt in packs and are social animals , giving them an advantage over larger prey . Some carnivorans , such as cats and pinnipeds , depend entirely on meat for their nutrition . Others , such as raccoons and bears , are more omnivorous , depending on the habitat . The giant panda is largely a herbivore , but also feeds on fish , eggs , and insects . The polar bear subsists mainly on seals . Carnivorans are split into two suborders : Feliformia ( catlike ) and Caniformia ( doglike ) . Approximately 160 species of carnivorans belong to the caniformia suborder and 120 to the feliformia suborder .
The large Mindoro forest mouse ( Apomys gracilirostris ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae , from the genus Apomys . It is found only in the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests . It is a large mouse with large feet , a long tail and an elongated snout which is morphologically unique within its genus . It is covered in soft fur which is mostly dark brown in colour . Its closest relative is thought to be the Luzon montane forest mouse , based on genetic and morphological similarities .
The large Mindoro forest mouse ( Apomys gracilirostris ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae , from the genus Apomys . It is found only in the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests . It is a large mouse with large feet , a long tail and an elongated snout which is morphologically unique within its genus . It is covered in soft fur which is mostly dark brown in colour . Its closest relative is thought to be the Luzon montane forest mouse , based on genetic and morphological similarities .
Mindoro is the seventh largest island in the Philippines by land area with a total of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ) and with a total population of 1,331,473 as of 2015 . It is located off the southwestern coast of Luzon and northeast of Palawan . Mindoro is divided into two provinces : Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro . San Jose is the largest settlement on the island with a total population of 143,430 inhabitants as of 2015 . The southern coast of Mindoro forms the northeastern extremum of the Sulu Sea . Mount Halcon is the highest point on the island , standing at 8,484 feet ( 2,586 m ) above sea level located in Oriental Mindoro . Mount Baco is the island 's second highest mountain with an elevation of 8,163 feet ( 2,488 m ) , located in the province of Occidental Mindoro .
The long-nosed Luzon forest mouse ( Apomys sacobianus ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae . It is found only in the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests . It is threatened by habitat loss .
The long-nosed Luzon forest mouse ( Apomys sacobianus ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae . It is found only in the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests . It is threatened by habitat loss .
The Mount Isarog shrew-mouse ( Archboldomys luzonensis ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest . It is threatened by habitat loss due to logging operations .
The Mount Isarog shrew-mouse ( Archboldomys luzonensis ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the Philippines . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest . It is threatened by habitat loss due to logging operations .
Mount Isarog is a potentially active stratovolcano located in the province of Camarines Sur , Philippines , on the island of Luzon . It has an elevation of 2,000 metres ( 6,600 ft ) above mean sea level . The peak of the mountain marks the point where the borders of six municipalities and one city meet ( listed in clockwise direction , starting north ) : Goa , Tigaon , Ocampo , Pili , Naga City , Tinambac and Calabanga . Mount Isarog was where local troops of the Philippine Army and Constabulary units and Bicolano guerrillas hid during the Japanese Occupation . In the 1970s , with the leadership of Romulo Jallores and his brother , they established the New People 's Army in the Bicol region at the foot of this mountain .
Camarines Sur ( Central Bicolano : Habagatan na Camarines ; Tagalog : Timog Camarines ) is a province located in the Bicol Region in Luzon of the Philippines . Its capital is Pili and the province borders Camarines Norte and Quezon to the northwest , and Albay to the south . To the east lies the island province of Catanduanes across the Maqueda Channel . Camarines Sur is the largest among the six provinces in the Bicol Region both by population and land area . Its territory includes two cities : Naga , the lone chartered city , as the province 's religious , cultural , financial , commercial , industrial and business center ; and Iriga , a component city , as the center of the Rinconada area and Riŋkonāda Language . Within the province lies Lake Buhi , where the smallest commercially harvested fish , the Sinarapan ( Mistichthys luzonensis ) , can be found . The province is also home to the critically endangered Isarog Agta language , one of the three critically endangered languages in the Philippines according to UNESCO .
The binturong ( /bɪnˈtuːrɒŋ/ bin-TOO-rong ) ( Arctictis binturong ) , also known as bearcat , is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia . It is uncommon in much of its range , and has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of a declining population trend that is estimated at more than 30% since the mid 1980s . The binturong was first described by Thomas Stamford Raffles in 1822 . The genus Arctictis is monotypic and morphologically similar to the genera Paradoxurus and Paguma . The name Arctictis means 'bear-weasel ' , from Greek arkt- 'bear ' + iktis 'weasel ' . In Riau , Indonesia it was known as tenturun .