List of battles involving the Kingdom of Scotland
Anglo-Scottish wars
Table:
Battle
Date
Location
Allies
Enemies
Result

Battle of Piperdean
10 September 1436
Berwickshire, Scotland
None
Kingdom of England
Victory

Battle of Sark
23 October 1448
Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
None
Kingdom of England
Victory

Capture of Roxburgh
1460
Roxburghshire, Scotland
None
Kingdom of England
Victory

Capture of Berwick
July and August 1482
Berwickshire, Scotland
None
Kingdom of England
Defeat

Battle of Lochmaben Fair
22 July 1484
Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
None
Scottish rebels, with support from the Kingdom of England
Victory

Battle of Flodden
9 September 1513
Northumberland, England
Part of the War of the League of Cambrai
Kingdom of England
Defeat

Battle of Haddon Rig
24 August 1542
Teviotdale, Scotland
None
Kingdom of England
Victory

Battle of Solway Moss
24 November 1542
Cumbria, England
None
Kingdom of England
Defeat

Drawing on the table along with the supporting evidence listed at the end.

State the answer to the question: Who was the Scottish King involved in the most recent battle ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The Battle of Piperdean ( 1435 ) was an engagement in the Scottish Borders , fought between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England . An English force led by George de Dunbar , 11th Earl of March and Henry Percy , 2nd Earl of Northumberland attempted to take the forfeited Dunbar 's Castle of Dunbar , back from William Douglas , 2nd Earl of Angus who as Warden of the Scottish Marches had invested the castle the previous summer . Percy and Dunbar came north with some 4000 men . Angus did not want to undergo a siege , and decided to pre-empt the English by attacking them en route . An army of roughly the same force surprised the English , under Angus , Adam Hepburn of Hailes , Alexander Elphinstone of that ilk and Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie . Although an overwhelming Scots victory , there is some confusion as to casualties and prisoners taken . Ridpath states that the Scots lost 200 men including Elphinstone , with Brenan concurring about this 'trifling ' amount , whilst stating that the English fatalities were to the tune of 1500 men , including 40 knights . Northumberland retreated to Alnwick Castle , but it was not long before he returned to Scotland to successfully relieve Roxburgh Castle , under siege by King James .
Berwickshire is a historic county , registration county and lieutenancy area in the Scottish Borders . It takes its name from Berwick-upon-Tweed , which was part of Scotland at the time of the county 's formation , but became part of England in 1482 after several centuries of being fought over and swapping back and forth between the two kingdoms . Formerly the county was often called the Merse , from Old English mǣres , border . From 1596 to 1890 the county town was Greenlaw . However , this was changed to Duns by the Local Government ( Scotland ) Act 1889 , the act which established the system of county councils in Scotland . The county borders Midlothian to the west , East Lothian to the north , the North Sea to the east and Roxburghshire and the English county of Northumberland to the south .
Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .
The Kingdom of England ( Anglo-Norman : Realme d'Engleterre , French : Royaume d'Angleterre ) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 927 , when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 1707 , when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain . On 12 July 927 , the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were united by Æthelstan ( r. 927-939 ) to form the Kingdom of England . In 1016 , the kingdom became part of the North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great , a personal union between England , Denmark and Norway . The Norman conquest of England in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at Winchester to Westminster , and the City of London quickly established itself as England 's largest and principal commercial centre . Histories of the kingdom of England from the Norman conquest of 1066 conventionally distinguish periods named after successive ruling dynasties : Norman 1066-1154 , Plantagenet 1154-1485 , Tudor 1485-1603 and Stuart 1603-1707 ( interrupted by the Interregnum of 1649-1660 ) . Dynastically , all English monarchs after 1066 ultimately claim descent from the Normans ; the distinction of the Plantagenets is merely conventional , beginning with Henry II ( reigned 1154-1189 ) as from that time , the Angevin kings became more English in nature ; the houses of Lancaster and York are both Plantagenet cadet branches , the Tudor dynasty claimed descent from Edward III via John Beaufort and James VI and I of the House of Stuart claimed descent from Henry VII via Margaret Tudor . The completion of the conquest of Wales by Edward I in 1284 put Wales under the control of the English crown . Edward III ( reigned 1327-1377 ) transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe ; his reign also saw vital developments in legislation and government - in particular the evolution of the English parliament . From the 1340s the kings of England also laid claim to the crown of France , but after the Hundred Years ' War and the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses in 1455 , the English were no longer in any position to pursue their French claims and lost all their land on the continent , except for Calais . After the turmoils of the Wars of the Roses , the Tudor dynasty ruled during the English Renaissance and again extended English monarchical power beyond England proper , achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542 . Henry VIII oversaw the English Reformation , and his daughter Elizabeth I ( reigned 1558-1603 ) the Elizabethan Religious Settlement , meanwhile establishing England as a great power and laying the foundations of the British Empire by claiming possessions in the New World . From the accession of James VI and I in 1603 , the Stuart dynasty ruled England in personal union with Scotland and Ireland .
The Battle of Sark , alternatively called the Battle of Lochmaben Stone , was fought between England and Scotland in October 1448 . A large battle , it was the first significant Scottish victory over the English in over half a century , following the Battle of Otterburn of 1388 . It placed the Scots in a position of strength against the English for over a decade , until Edward IV ascended the English throne , and it brought the powerful Douglas family to even greater prominence in Scotland .
Dumfries and Galloway ( Scots : Dumfries an Gallowa ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Phrìs is Gall-Ghaidhealaibh ) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland and is located in the western Southern Uplands . It comprises the historic counties of Dumfriesshire , Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and Wigtownshire , the latter two of which are collectively known as Galloway . The administrative centre is the town of Dumfries . Following the 1975 reorganisation of local government in Scotland , the three counties were joined to form a single region of Dumfries and Galloway , with four districts within it . Since the Local Government etc . ( Scotland ) Act 1994 , however , it has become a unitary local authority . For lieutenancy purposes , the historic counties are largely maintained with its three lieutenancy areas being Dumfries , Wigtown and the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright . To the north , Dumfries and Galloway borders East Ayrshire , South Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire ; in the east the Borders ; and to the south the county of Cumbria in England and the Solway Firth . To the west lies the Irish Sea .
The Capture of Roxburgh was a siege that took place during the Anglo-Scottish Wars . James II of Scotland had started a campaign to capture back all Scotland 's castles from England , for the English were presently involved in a civil war . Roxburgh Castle was one of the last remaining English strongholds in Scotland and James led a large army and several cannons to take it . Victory was near when one of the King 's cannons exploded and killed him . His army nonetheless took the castle . James ' queen Mary of Guelders ordered the castle destroyed shortly after its capture .
Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh is a historic county and registration county in the Southern Uplands of Scotland . It borders Dumfriesshire to the west , Selkirkshire and Midlothian to the north-west , and Berwickshire to the north . To the south-west it borders Cumberland and to the south-east Northumberland , both in England . It was named after the Royal Burgh of Roxburgh , a town which declined markedly in the 15th century and is no longer in existence . Latterly , the county town of Roxburghshire was Jedburgh . The county has much the same area as Teviotdale , the basin drained by the River Teviot and tributaries together with the adjacent stretch of the Tweed into which it flows . The term is often treated as synonymous with Roxburghshire , but may omit Liddesdale as Liddel Water drains to the west coast .
In July 1482 an English army invaded Scotland during the Anglo-Scottish Wars . The town of Berwick-upon-Tweed and its castle were captured and the English army briefly occupied Edinburgh . These events followed the signing of the Treaty of Fotheringhay , 11 June 1482 , in which Alexander Stewart , Duke of Albany , the brother of James III of Scotland declared himself King of Scotland and swore loyalty to Edward IV of England . The follow-up invasion of Scotland under the command of Edward 's brother , Richard , Duke of Gloucester failed to install Albany on the throne , but Berwick has remained English ever since the castle surrendered on 24 August 1482 . The English army left Edinburgh with a promise for the repayment of the dowry paid for the marriage of Princess Cecily of England to the Scottish Prince .
The Battle of Lochmaben Fair was an engagement in Lochmaben , Scotland , on 22 July 1484 between Scottish loyalists to James III of Scotland and the rebels Alexander Stewart , Duke of Albany and James Douglas , 9th Earl of Douglas , leading cavalry from England . Both exiles from Scotland , Albany and Douglas invaded with permission but not support of Richard III of England , hoping to encourage rebellion against James . Instead , they were met with armed resistance . The loyalists took the day . Douglas was captured and Albany forced to retreat .
The Battle of Flodden , Flodden Field , or occasionally Branxton ( Brainston Moor ) was a battle fought on 9 September 1513 during the War of the League of Cambrai between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland , resulting in an English victory . The battle was fought in Branxton in the county of Northumberland in northern England , between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey . In terms of troop numbers , it was the largest battle fought between the two kingdoms . James IV was killed in the battle , becoming the last monarch from the British Isles to die in battle .
Northumberland ( /nɔːrˈθʌmbərlənd/ ) is a unitary authority and historic county in North East England . The northernmost county of England , the unitary authority borders Cumbria to the west , County Durham and Tyne and Wear to the south and the Scottish Borders to the north . To the east is the North Sea coastline with a path 103 kilometres ( 64 mi ) long . The county town is Alnwick , although the county council is based in Morpeth . The county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne until 1400 , when the city became a county of itself . Northumberland expanded greatly in the Tudor period , annexing Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1482 , Tynedale in 1495 , Tynemouth in 1536 , Redesdale around 1542 and Hexhamshire in 1572 . Islandshire , Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844 . Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside were transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 . Lying on the Anglo-Scottish border , Northumberland has been the site of a number of battles . The county is noted for its undeveloped landscape of high moorland , now largely protected as the Northumberland National Park . Northumberland is the least densely populated county in England , with only 62 people per square kilometre .
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) .
The War of the League of Cambrai , sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names , was a major conflict in the Italian Wars of 1494-1559 . The main participants of the war , fought from 1508 to 1516 , were France , the Papal States and the Republic of Venice , joined at various times by nearly every significant power in Western Europe , including Spain , the Holy Roman Empire , England , the Duchy of Milan , the Republic of Florence , the Duchy of Ferrara and Swiss mercenaries . Pope Julius II , intending to curb Venetian influence in northern Italy , brought together the League of Cambrai - an anti-Venetian alliance consisting of himself , Louis XII of France , Ferdinand II of Aragon and Maximilian I , the Holy Roman Emperor - in December 1508 . Although the League was initially successful , friction between Julius and Louis caused it to collapse by 1510 ; Julius then allied himself with Venice against France . The Veneto-Papal alliance eventually expanded into the Holy League , which drove the French from Italy in 1512 ; disagreements about the division of the spoils , however , led Venice to abandon the alliance in favor of one with France . Under the leadership of Francis I , who had succeeded Louis on the throne of France , the French and Venetians would , through victory at Marignano in 1515 , regain the territory they had lost ; the treaties of Noyon and Brussels , which ended the war the next year , would essentially return the map of Italy to the status quo of 1508 .
The Battle of Hadden Rig was a battle fought about 3 miles east of Kelso , in the Scottish Borders , between Scotland and England on 24 August 1542 , during the reign of King James V of Scotland . The English army was led by Robert Bowes , Deputy Warden of the English East March . It was a significant Scottish victory , but it was overshadowed by the disastrous Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss in November . Roy depicts a small medieval settlement at Hadden surrounded by agricultural land but there is no reference to Haddon Rig . However , it is named Crawford and Brookes 1843 county map of Roxburghshire . The First Edition Ordnance Survey ( 1859 ) map depicts a woodland plantation Haddonrig Wood , within an area of land called Haddon Rig . To the west of Haddon rig wood is a small circular area of woodland named Jockscairn plantation , the naming of which may have some association with the battle , or its commemoration . Immediately to the south of Haddon Rig is the old Kelso to Wooler Road ( currently the B6396 ) , which also appears on Roys map and , which may have been used by raiding forces . Henry of England , being disgusted at his nephews connections with France , and ﬁnding that Henry of England , Francis had sufﬁcient employment at home , resolved to invade Scotland , both by sea and land . He , ' appointed a very considerable army to rendezvous upon the borders , under the command of Sir Robert Bowes , one of his wardens , the Earl of Angus , and his brothers . James had nominated the Earl of Huntly to command his army on the borders , consisting of 10,000 men ; and his lieutenant was Sir Walter Lindsay of Torphichen , who had seen a great deal of foreign service , and was esteemed an ' excellent-ofﬁcer . Huntly acquitted himself admirably Well in his commission , and was so well served by his spies , as to have certain intelligence that the English intended to surprise and burn Jedburgh and Kelso .
Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh is a historic county and registration county in the Southern Uplands of Scotland . It borders Dumfriesshire to the west , Selkirkshire and Midlothian to the north-west , and Berwickshire to the north . To the south-west it borders Cumberland and to the south-east Northumberland , both in England . It was named after the Royal Burgh of Roxburgh , a town which declined markedly in the 15th century and is no longer in existence . Latterly , the county town of Roxburghshire was Jedburgh . The county has much the same area as Teviotdale , the basin drained by the River Teviot and tributaries together with the adjacent stretch of the Tweed into which it flows . The term is often treated as synonymous with Roxburghshire , but may omit Liddesdale as Liddel Water drains to the west coast .
The Battle of Solway Moss took place on Solway Moss near the River Esk on the English side of the Anglo-Scottish border in November 1542 between English and Scottish forces . The Scottish King James V had refused to break from the Roman Catholic church , as urged by his uncle King Henry VIII , who then launched a major raid into South West Scotland . The Scottish army that marched against them was poorly led and organised , and many Scots were either captured or drowned in the river . News of the defeat is believed to have hastened the early death of James V .
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/ KUM-bree-ə ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England . The county and Cumbria County Council , its local government , came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972 . Cumbria 's county town is Carlisle , in the north of the county , and the only other major urban area is Barrow-in-Furness on the southwestern tip of the county . The county of Cumbria consists of six districts ( Allerdale , Barrow-in-Furness , Carlisle , Copeland , Eden , and South Lakeland ) and in 2008 had a population of just under 500,000 people . Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in England , with 73.4 people per km2 ( 190/sq mi ) . Cumbria is the third largest county in England by area , and is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders , to the west by the Irish Sea , to the south by Lancashire , to the southeast by North Yorkshire , and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland . Cumbria is predominantly rural and contains the Lake District National Park , a UNESCO World Heritage Site considered one of England 's finest areas of natural beauty , serving as inspiration for artists , writers , and musicians . A large area of the southeast of the county is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park while the east of the county fringes the North Pennines AONB . Much of Cumbria is mountainous , and it contains every peak in England over 3,000 feet ( 910 m ) above sea level , with Scafell Pike at 3,209 feet ( 978 m ) being the highest point of England . An upland , coastal , and rural area , Cumbria 's history is characterised by invasions , migration , and settlement , as well as battles and skirmishes between the English and the Scots . Notable historic sites in Cumbria include Carlisle Castle , Furness Abbey , Hardknott Roman Fort , Brough Castle and Hadrian 's Wall ( also a World Heritage Site ) .