List of multiple-barrel firearms
Pistols
Table:
Name

Manufacturer

Image

Cartridge

Country

Year

Arsenal Firearms AF2011A1

Arsenal Firearms

.38 Super
.45 ACP

Italy

2011

Baylè 1879 wallet / palm pistol

France

1879

COP 357 Derringer

.38 Special
.357 Magnum

United States

1983

Pepper-box

17-1800s

Garrucha (pistol)

.32 S&W
.38 S&W
.22 Short
.22 Long
.22 Long Rifle

Brazil

1930s

Howdah pistol

.577 Snider
.455 Webley
.476 Enfield

United Kingdom

1800s

Lancaster pistol

.577 inch
.450 Adams
.455 Webley

United Kingdom

1800s

Mossberg Brownie

O.F. Mossberg & Sons

.22 Long Rifle
.22 Short

United States

1919

Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun

Mark 59 Mod 0 Projectile

United States

1970s

Heckler & Koch P11[2]

Heckler & Koch

7.62×36mm

West Germany

1970s

SPP-1 underwater pistol

Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod

4.5×40mmR

Soviet Union

1960s

Henrion, Dassy & Heuschen double-barrel revolvers

Henrion, Dassy & Heuschen

.25 ACP
.32 ACP
6.5 Velodog

Belgium
France

1911

Taking into account the given table plus the passages provided.

Respond to the question below: What is the firearm whose cartridge was the standard service cartridge of most police departments in the United States from the 1920s to 1990s ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

A cartridge or a round is a type of pre-assembled firearm ammunition packaging a projectile ( bullet , shot , or slug ) , a propellant substance ( usually either smokeless powder or black powder ) and an ignition device ( primer ) within a metallic , paper or plastic case that is precisely made to fit within the barrel chamber of a breechloading gun , for the practical purpose of convenient transportation and handling during shooting . Although in popular usage the term bullet is often used to refer to a complete cartridge , it is correctly used only to refer to the projectile . Cartridges can be categorized by the type of their primers - a small charge of an impact- or electric-sensitive chemical mixture that is located at the center of the case head ( centerfire ) , inside the rim of the case base ( rimfire and the cupfire , now obsolete ) , in a sideway projection that is shaped like a pin ( pinfire , now obsolete ) or a lip ( lipfire , now obsolete ) , or in a small nipple-like bulge at the case base ( teat-fire , now obsolete ) . Military and commercial producers continue to pursue the goal of caseless ammunition . Some artillery ammunition uses the same cartridge concept as found in small arms . In other cases , the artillery shell is separate from the propellant charge . A cartridge without a projectile is called a blank . One that is completely inert ( contains no active primer and no propellant ) is called a dummy . One that failed to ignite and shoot off the projectile is called a dud , and one that ignited but failed to sufficiently push the projectile out of the barrel is called a squib .
The Arsenal Firearms AF2011-A1 is a double-barreled , semi-automatic pistol of Italian origin . The weapon is a derivative of the M1911 pistol and the majority of internal parts including the firing pins , firing pin plates , sear groups , springs , recoil rods , and mainspring housings are interchangeable with standard M1911 replacement parts . The purpose of the AF2011A1 pistol is to increase the ballistic capability of the .45 ACP round at a lower cost [ clarification needed ] . The AF2011A1 has its roots in the Grieco pistol that also came with double barrels for the same purpose .
The .38 Super , also known as .38 Superauto or .38 Super Auto , is a pistol cartridge that fires a 0.356-inch-diameter ( 9.04 mm ) bullet . The Super was introduced in the late 1920s as a higher pressure loading of the .38 ACP or .38 Auto . The old .38 ACP propelled a 130-grain ( 8.4 g ) bullet at 1,050 ft/s ( 320.0 m/s ) . The improved .38 Super Auto pushed the same 130-grain ( 8.4 g ) bullet at 1,280 ft/s ( 390.1 m/s ) . The .38 Super has gained distinction as the caliber of choice for many top pistol match competitors ; it remains one of the dominant calibers in IPSC competition .
The .45 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol ) or .45 Auto ( 11.43×23mm ) is a handgun cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904 , for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic pistol . After successful military trials , it was adopted as the standard chambering for Colt 's M1911 pistol.The round was developed due to a lack of stopping power experienced in the Moro Rebellion using the .38 Long Colt . This experience and the Thompson-LaGarde Tests of 1904 , led the Army and the Cavalry to decide a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun . The standard issue military .45 ACP round has a 230-grain bullet that travels at approximately 830 feet per second when fired from the government issue M1911A1 pistol . It operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating of 21,000 psi ( 145 MPa ) ( compared to 35,000 psi/241 MPa for 9mm Parabellum ) , which due to a low bolt thrust helps extend service life of weapons . Due to standard pressure .45 ACP rounds fired from handguns and submachine guns are inherently subsonic , and are useful in suppressed weapons to eliminate the sonic boom . Today , most NATO militaries use sidearms chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge , but the effectiveness of the .45 ACP cartridge has ensured its continued popularity with large caliber sport shooters , especially in the United States . In 1985 , the .45 ACP M1911A1 pistol was replaced by the Beretta M9 9mm pistol as the main sidearm of the U.S. military , which in turn was replaced with the SIG Sauer P320 designated M17 for the full size and M18 for the compact .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
The Baylè Pistol was a 6 barrel pistol of French origin introduced in 1879 . The barrels were stacked vertically and firing was actuated with a double-action trigger mechanism firing each round at a time .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
The COP .357 is a 4-shot Derringer-type pistol chambered for .357 Magnum . The double-action weapon is about twice as wide , and substantially heavier than the typical .25 automatic pistol , though its relatively compact size and powerful cartridge made it an option for a defensive weapon or a police backup gun .
The .38 Smith & Wesson Special ( commonly .38 Special , .38 Spl , or .38 Spc , pronounced thirty-eight special ) is a rimmed , centerfire cartridge designed by Smith & Wesson . It is most commonly used in revolvers , although some semi-automatic pistols and carbines also use this round . The .38 Special was the standard service cartridge of most police departments in the United States from the 1920s to 1990s , and was also a common sidearm cartridge used by soldiers in World War II . In other parts of the world , it is known by its metric designation of 9×29.5mmR or 9.1×29mmR . Known for its accuracy and manageable recoil , the .38 Special remains one of the most popular revolver cartridges in the world more than a century after its introduction . It is used for target shooting , formal target competition , personal defense , and for hunting small game .
The .357 S & W Magnum ( 9×33mmR ) , or simply .357 Magnum , is a revolver cartridge with a .357-inch ( 9.07 mm ) bullet diameter . It was created by Elmer Keith , Phillip B. Sharpe , and Douglas B. Wesson of firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester . It is based upon Smith & Wesson 's earlier .38 Special cartridge . The .357 Magnum cartridge was introduced in 1934 , and its use has since become widespread . This cartridge started the Magnum era of handgun ammunition . The .357 Magnum cartridge is notable for its highly effective terminal ballistics when used for hunting or defense .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
The pepper-box revolver or simply pepperbox ( also pepper-pot , from its resemblance to the household pepper shakers ) is a multiple-barrel repeating firearm that has three or more barrels which revolve around a central axis . It mostly appears in the form of a multi-shot handheld firearm . Pepperboxes exist in all ammunition systems : matchlock , wheellock , flintlock , caplock , pinfire , rimfire and centerfire . While pepperboxes are usually handguns , a few rifle-sized guns were made : Samuel Colt owned a revolving 3-barrel matchlock musket from India , and an 8-barrelled pepperbox shotgun was designed ; but never went into production .
The garrucha is a small pistol , similar to a derringer , common in southern Brazil and Argentina in the early 20th Century . It is usually double-barreled , though with the barrels side-by-side rather than vertical as is common in American derringers , and the bores can be rifled or smooth . In Brazil , the most popular chamberings were for the .320 and .380 centrefire cartridges , similar to the .32 S & W and .38 S & W in appearance , but conical . They were also chambered for the .22 Short , .22 Long , .22 Long Rifle , and the .32 , 8mm , and 9mm Flobert cartridges , among others . These types of pistols were popular from 1930-1960 due to their low cost and small size , and were associated with the gauchos ( cowboys ) of the South American pampas . In Brazil , Garruchas were produced by Castelo , Rossi , and Lerap .
The .32 S & W cartridge ( also known as the .32 S & W Short ) was introduced in 1878 for Smith & Wesson pocket revolvers . It was originally designed as a black powder cartridge . The .32 S & W was offered to the public as a light defense cartridge for card table distances .
The .38 S & W ( 9×20mmR ) is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson in 1877 . Versions of the cartridge were the standard revolver cartridges of the British military from 1922 until the 1960s . Though similar in name , it is not interchangeable with the later .38 Smith & Wesson Special due to a different case shape and slightly larger bullet diameter .
.22 Short is a variety of .22 caliber ( 5.6 mm ) rimfire ammunition . Developed in 1857 for the first Smith & Wesson revolver , the .22 rimfire was the first American metallic cartridge . The original loading was a 29 or 30 gr ( 0.066 or 0.069 oz ; 1.879 or 1.944 g ) bullet and 4 gr ( 0.0091 oz ; 0.2592 g ) of black powder . The original .22 rimfire cartridge was renamed .22 Short with the introduction of the .22 Long in 1871 . Developed for self defense , the modern .22 Short , though still used in a few pocket pistols and mini-revolvers , is mainly used as a quiet round for practice by the recreational shooter . The .22 Short was popularly used in shooting galleries at fairs and arcades ; several rifle makers produced gallery models for .22 Short exclusively . Due to its low recoil and good inherent accuracy , the .22 Short was used for the Olympic 25 meter rapid fire pistol event until 2004 , and they were allowed in the shooting part of modern pentathlon competitions before they switched to air pistols . Several makes of starter pistols use .22 Short blank cartridges . Some powder-actuated nail guns use the .22 Short cartridge as a power source .
.22 Long is a variety of .22 caliber ( 5.6 mm ) rimfire ammunition . The .22 Long is the second-oldest of the surviving rimfire cartridges , dating back to 1871 , when it was loaded with a 29 grain ( 1.9 g ) bullet and 5 grains ( 0.32 g ) of black powder , 25% more than the .22 Short it was based on . It was designed for use in revolvers , but was soon chambered in rifles as well , in which it gained a strong reputation as a small game cartridge , and sold very well . In 1887 the .22 Long case was combined with the heavier 40 grain ( 2.6 g ) bullet of the .22 Extra Long of 1880 to produce the .22 Long Rifle giving a longer overall length , a higher muzzle energy and superior performance as a hunting and target round , rendering the .22 Long and .22 Extra Long obsolete . Many firearms designed for the .22 Long Rifle will chamber and fire the shorter round , though the .22 Long generally does not generate sufficient energy to operate semi-automatic guns . The one prominent survivor of the .22 Long is the .22 CB Long , a long-cased version of the .22 CB . While the original .22 Long loading used the same powder charge as the .22 Long Rifle , the .22 Long bullet was significantly lighter , and the combination did not result in higher velocities for the .22 Long when fired from a rifle . The large barrel volume to chamber volume ratio of a .22 rimfire rifle means that the powder gasses have expanded as far as they can well before the bullet reaches the muzzle of a normal length rifle barrel , and the light .22 Long bullet has less inertia than the .22 Long Rifle . This means that the .22 Long bullet ( and to a lesser extent the .22 Long Rifle in most loadings ) actually slows down significantly before it exits the barrel . For farmers , or for those who only hunted small game such as squirrel or cottontail rabbit , the differences in performance between the .22 Long and .22 Long Rifle cartridges were of little importance . The quieter report and lower penetration of the .22 Long cartridge were often seen as desirable qualities . Since the .22 Long Rifle performs as well in a short handgun barrel as the .22 Long and outperforms it significantly in a long rifle barrel , the development of the .22 Long Rifle assured the .22 Long 's path to obsolescence .
The .22 Long Rifle or simply .22 LR ( metric designation : 5.6×15mmR ) is a long-established variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition , and in terms of units sold is still by far the most common ammunition in the world today . It is used in a wide range of rifles , pistols , revolvers , smoothbore shotguns ( No . 1 bore ) , and even submachine guns .
Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
The howdah pistol was a large-calibre handgun , often with two or four barrels , used in India and Africa from the beginning of the nineteenth century , and into the early twentieth century , during the British Empire era . It was typically intended for defence against tigers , lions , and other dangerous animals that might be encountered in remote areas . Multi-barreled breech-loading designs were later favoured over contemporary revolvers , due to their higher velocity and faster reloading potential . The term howdah pistol comes from the howdah , a large platform mounted on the back of an elephant . Hunters , particularly in British Raj India , used howdahs as a platform for hunting , and needed large-calibre side-arms for protection against close quarters animal attacks . The practice of hunting from the howdah basket on top of an Asian elephant was first made popular by the joint Anglo-Indian East India Company during the 1790s . The early howdah pistols were flintlock designs , and it was not until about 60 years later that percussion models in single or double barrel configuration were seen . By the 1890s and early 1900s cartridge-firing and fully rifled howdah pistols were standard . The first breech-loading howdah pistols were little more than sawn-off rifles , typically in .577 Snider or .577/450 Martini-Henry calibre . This was practical in that the huntsman could use the same ammunition in rifle and pistol , as well as being a powerful round . Later English firearms makers manufactured specially-designed howdah pistols in both rifle calibres and standard pistol calibres such as .455 Webley and .476 Enfield . As a result , the term howdah pistol is often applied to a number of English multi-barrelled handguns including the Lancaster pistol ( available in a variety of calibres from .380 to .577 ) , and various .577 calibre revolvers produced in England and Europe for a brief time in the mid-late 19th century .
The .577 Snider cartridge was a British black powder metallic cartridge , which fired a 14.7-millimetre ( 0.577 in ) , 31-gram ( 480 gr ) lead projectile , primarily used in the Snider-Enfield rifle . Early .577 Snider cartridges were made from paper , with a metallic base and primer , but later commercial cartridges were made from drawn brass , much like modern small arms ammunition . The .577 Snider cartridge was eventually replaced in service by the .577/450 Martini-Henry cartridge in the 1870s . The .577 Snider cartridge is considered by most commentators to be obsolete , with large scale commercial production having ceased in the 1930s . However , as of 2012 , cases , bullets and cartridges as well as others of the .577 family are available from Tenbury Guns Limited ( company dissolved 31 May 2016 ) in the United Kingdom . New brass can be formed from a 24 gauge hull and reloading dies are available from Lee . As of 2015 , Kynamco Kynoch in the United Kingdom and Bertram in Australia are also producing ready-made brass . [ citation needed ]
.455 Webley is a British handgun cartridge , most commonly used in the Webley top break revolvers Marks I through VI . It is also known as .455 Eley and .455 Colt . The .455 cartridge was a service revolver cartridge , featuring a rimmed cartridge firing a .45 bullet at the relatively low velocity of 650 ft/s ( 190 m/s ) . The result was a cartridge and handgun combination with relatively mild recoil . The .455 was rated superior to the .45 Colt in stopping power in the disputed United States Thompson-LaGarde Tests of 1904 that resulted in the adoption by the U.S. of the .45 ACP cartridge . [ citation needed ] The .455 Webley cartridge remained in service with British and Commonwealth forces until the end of the Second World War .
The .476 Enfield , also known as the .476 Eley , .476 Revolver , and occasionally .455/476 , is a British centrefire black powder revolver cartridge . The Enfield name derives from the location of the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield Lock , the armoury where British military small arms were produced , while Eley was a British commercial brand . Used in the Enfield Mk II revolver , the Mk III variant was introduced by the British Army in 1881 , supplanting the earlier .476 Enfield Mark I and II cartridges , which in turn had replaced the .450 Adams cartridges , all of which also used black powder propellant .
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively .
The Lancaster Pistol was a multi-barrelled ( either 2 or 4 barrels ) handgun produced in England in the mid-late 19th century , chambered in a variety of centrefire pistol calibres - chiefly .38 S & W , .450 Adams , .455 Webley , and .577 inch . The designer , London gunsmith Charles Lancaster , began his career in 1847 as an apprentice to his father , Charles Sr. During the 1850s he invented oval bore rifling and the gas check bullet .
This article lists firearm cartridges which have a bullet that is 13 millimetres ( 0.51 in ) caliber or larger .
The .450 Adams was a British black powder centrefire revolver cartridge , initially used in converted Beaumont-Adams revolvers , in the late 1860s . Officially designated .450 Boxer Mk I , and also known variously as the .450 Revolver , .450 Colt , .450 Short , .450 Corto and .450 Mark III , and in America as the .45 Webley , it was the British Army 's first centrefire revolver round .
The Mossberg Brownie is a four shot , .22 Long Rifle pistol , similar to a derringer or pepperbox , produced by O.F . Mossberg & Sons from 1920 to 1932 . The Brownie is based on an earlier pistol patented and licensed to the Shattuck Company by Oscar Mossberg .
The M1 Underwater Defense Gun , also called the Underwater Defense Gun Mark 1 Mod 0 , is an underwater firearm developed by the United States during the Cold War . Similar to other underwater firearms , it fires a special 4.25 inch metal dart as its projectile .
The HK P11 is a Heckler & Koch pistol designed as an underwater firearm that was developed in 1976 . It has five barrels and each fires a 7.62 X 36mm dart electrically . Loading is by means of a five-round case . The design resembles that of a pepper-box firearm .
West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .
The SPP-1 underwater pistol was made in the Soviet Union for use underwater by Soviet frogmen as an underwater firearm . It was developed in the late 1960s and accepted for use in 1975 . Under water , ordinary-shaped bullets are inaccurate and very short-range . As a result , this pistol fires a round-based 4.5 millimetres ( 0.18 in ) caliber steel dart about 115 millimetres ( 4.5 in ) long , weighing 12.8 grams ( 0.45 oz ) , which has longer range and more penetrating power than speargun spears . The complete cartridge is 145 millimetres ( 5.7 in ) long and weighs 17.5 grams ( 0.62 oz ) .
The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas .
The Henrion , Dassy & Heuschen double-barrel revolver was a type of revolver with two stacked barrels and two concentric sets of chambers , each serving its own barrel . They were fired by a single hammer which had two firing pins . The chambers were staggered , such that the gun fired only round at a time . These revolvers were based on a 1910 patent held by the Belgian firm of Henrion , Dassy & Heuschen ( HDH ) , and were made in various calibers . The 6.35 mm and 6.5 Velodog varieties had 20 chambers , while the 7.65 mm variant had 16 chambers . For reloading they broke open along a hinge on the top-rear of the frame , like the Spirlet revolver . They were manufactured from 1911 to 1928 and were marketed under a variety of names that were supposed to denote power and masculinity . Names such as Wild West , Redoubtable , or even Machine-gun HDH were used for promotional purposes . The arrangement itself was not new , having been tried in the Lefaucheux 20-round double-barreled , pinfire revolver of 1862 . The Ludovici revolver is a derivative .
The .25 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol ) ( 6.35×16mmSR ) is a semi-rimmed , straight-walled centerfire pistol cartridge introduced by John Browning in 1905 alongside the Fabrique Nationale M1905 pistol .
.32 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol , also known as the .32 Automatic ) is a centerfire pistol cartridge . It is a semi-rimmed , straight-walled cartridge developed by firearms designer John Browning , initially for use in the FN M1900 semi-automatic pistol . It was introduced in 1899 by Fabrique Nationale , and is also known as the 7.65×17mmSR Browning or 7.65 mm Browning Short .
Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .