Australian knights and dames
Order of St Michael and St George -- Knights Grand Cross ( GCMG )
Table:
Name
Date
Citation
Reference and comments

Robert Askin
1975

Premier of New South Wales

[44]; also KCMG

Henry Ayers
1894

Premier of South Australia

[4] also KCMG

Edmund Barton
1902

Prime Minister of Australia

[45]

Garfield Barwick
1965

Chief Justice of the High Court

[46]; also Knight Bachelor, AK

David Beattie
1980

Governor-General

also GCVO

Henry Bolte
1972

Premier of Victoria

[47]; also KCMG

Richard Casey
1965

Governor-General-designate

[48]; also KG and a life peer

Harry Chauvel
1919

AIF – for military services in Egypt

[49]; also KCB, KCMG

Joseph Cook
1918

Prime Minister of Australia

[50]

Zelman Cowen
1977

Governor-General of Australia

[51]; also Knight Bachelor, GCVO, AK

Frederick Darley
1901

Chief Justice of New South Wales

[52]; also Knight Bachelor, KCMG

Owen Dixon
1954

Chief Justice of the High Court

[53]; also KCMG

Arthur Fadden
1958

Treasurer and Deputy Prime Minister

[54]; also KCMG

John Forrest
1901

Premier of Western Australia

[55]

Robert Garran
1937

In recognition of service to the Commonwealth

[56]; also Knight Bachelor, KCMG

Harry Gibbs
1981

Chief Justice of the High Court

[57]; also KBE

John Gorton
1977

In recognition of service as Prime Minister of Australia

[58]

Paul Hasluck
1969

Governor-General-designate

[59]; also KG, GCVO

John Higgins
1934

Services to the Commonwealth

[60]; also KCMG

William Irvine
1936

Chief Justice of Victoria

[61]; also KCMG

Consulting the following table as well as the passages provided at the end.

Give the answer to the question: What date was the citation of the man who was the founder of the Australian Metal Exchange ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Sir Robert William Askin , GCMG ( 4 April 1907 - 9 September 1981 ) , was an Australian politician and the 32nd Premier of New South Wales from 1965 to 1975 , the first representing the Liberal Party . He was born in 1907 as Robin William Askin , but always disliked his first name and changed it by deed poll in 1971 . Before being knighted in 1972 , however , he was generally known as Bob Askin . Born in Sydney in 1907 , Askin was educated at Sydney Technical High School . After serving as a bank officer and as a Sergeant in the Second World War , Askin joined the Liberal Party and was elected to the seat of Collaroy at the 1950 election . Askin quickly rose through party ranks , eventually becoming Deputy Leader following Walter Howarth 's resignation in July 1954 . When long-serving party leader Vernon Treatt announced his resignation in August 1954 , Askin put his name forward to replace him . At the vote , he became deadlocked against Pat Morton and Askin asked his former commanding officer Murray Robson to take the leadership instead . Robson did not live up to expectations and was deposed in September 1955 by Morton , who then became Leader . Askin remained as Deputy until , after leading the party to a second electoral defeat in 1959 , Morton was deposed and Askin was elected to succeed him . At the May 1965 election , Askin presented the Liberal Party as a viable alternative government . He won a narrow victory , ending a 24-year Labor hold on government .
The Premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster system , with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature . The Premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales , and by modern convention holds office by virtue of his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament , the Legislative Assembly . Prior to Federation in 1901 the term Prime Minister of New South Wales was also used . Premier has been used more or less exclusively from 1901 , to avoid confusion with the federal Prime Minister of Australia . The current Premier is Gladys Berejiklian , the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party , who assumed office on 23 January 2017 . Berejiklian replaced Mike Baird on 23 January 2017 , after Baird resigned as Premier .
Sir Henry Ayers ( now pron . airs ) GCMG ( 1 May 1821 - 11 June 1897 ) was the eighth Premier of South Australia , serving a record five times between 1863 and 1873 . His lasting memorial is in the name Ayers Rock , also known as Uluru , which was encountered in 1873 by William Gosse .
The Premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia , Australia . The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system , with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature . The Premier is appointed by the Governor of South Australia , and by modern convention holds office by virtue of his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament , the House of Assembly . Steven Marshall is the current Premier , having served since 19 March 2018 .
Sir Edmund Toby Barton , GCMG , PC , KC ( 18 January 1849 - 7 January 1920 ) was an Australian politician and judge who served as the first Prime Minister of Australia , in office from 1901 to 1903 . He resigned to become a founding member of the High Court of Australia , where he served until his death . Barton was an early supporter of the federation of the Australian colonies , and after the retirement of Henry Parkes came to be seen as the leader of the federation movement in New South Wales . He was a delegate to the constitutional conventions , playing a key role in the drafting of a national constitution , and was one of the lead campaigners for federation in the subsequent referendums . In late 1900 , despite the initial Hopetoun Blunder , Barton was commissioned to form a caretaker government as Australia 's first prime minister . His term began on 1 January 1901 , the date on which federation occurred . At the first federal elections in March 1901 , Barton and the Protectionists won the most seats , but were well short of a majority . He was able to continue on as a prime minister by forming an alliance with the fledgling Labor Party , which held the balance of power . The Barton Government established a number of new national institutions , including the Australian Defence Force and the Commonwealth Public Service . It introduced nation-wide women 's suffrage , and laid the foundations of the White Australia policy with the Immigration Restriction Act 1901 . Barton left politics in 1903 to become one of the three founding members of the High Court , which his government had created . He was succeeded as prime minister by Alfred Deakin .
The Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia . The individual who holds the office is the most senior minister of state , and the leader of the federal Cabinet . The prime minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet , and is the chair of the National Security Committee and the Council of Australian Governments . The office of prime minister is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia but exists through Westminster political convention . The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the governor-general of Australia and at the governor-general 's pleasure subject to the Constitution of Australia and constitutional conventions . Scott Morrison has held the office of prime minister since 24 August 2018 . He received his commission after replacing Malcolm Turnbull as the leader of the Liberal Party , the largest party in the Coalition government , following the Liberal Party leadership spill earlier the same day .
Sir Garfield Edward John Barwick , AK GCMG QC ( 22 June 1903 - 13 July 1997 ) was an Australian judge who was the seventh and longest serving Chief Justice of Australia , in office from 1964 to 1981 . He had earlier been a Liberal Party politician , serving as a minister in the Menzies Government from 1958 to 1964 . Barwick was born in Sydney , and attended Fort Street High School before going on to study law at the University of Sydney . He was called to the bar in 1927 and became one of Australia 's most prominent barristers , appearing in many high-profile cases and frequently before the High Court . He served terms as president of the NSW Bar Association and the Law Council of Australia . Barwick entered politics only at the age of 54 , winning election to the House of Representatives at the 1958 Parramatta by-election . Prime Minister Robert Menzies made him Attorney-General by the end of the year , and in 1961 he was additionally made Minister for External Affairs . In 1964 , Menzies nominated Barwick as his choice to replace the retiring Owen Dixon as Chief Justice . Over the next 17 years , the Barwick court would decide many significant constitutional cases , including a significant broadening of the corporations power and several cases regarding the constitutional basis of taxation . Barwick also played a small but significant role in the 1975 constitutional crisis , advising Governor-General John Kerr that it was within his powers to dismiss Prime Minister Gough Whitlam from office . He retired from the court at the age of 77 , but remained a public figure until his death at the age of 94 . Outside of his professional career , he also served as the inaugural president of the Australian Conservation Foundation .
The Chief Justice of Australia is the presiding justice of the High Court of Australia and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the Commonwealth of Australia . The incumbent is Susan Kiefel , who is the first woman to hold the position .
Sir David Stuart Beattie , GCMG , GCVO , QSO , KStJ , QC ( 29 February 1924 - 4 February 2001 ) was an Australian-born New Zealand judge who served as the 14th Governor-General of New Zealand , from 1980 to 1985 . During the 1984 constitutional crisis , Beattie was nearly forced to dismiss the sitting prime minister , Robert Muldoon .
The Governor-General of New Zealand [ n 1 ] ( Māori : Te Kāwana Tianara o Aotearoa ) is the viceregal representative of the monarch of New Zealand , currently Queen Elizabeth II . As the Queen is concurrently the monarch of 15 other Commonwealth realms , and lives in the United Kingdom ( as her principal residence ) , she , on the advice of her New Zealand prime minister , appoints a governor-general to carry out her constitutional and ceremonial duties within the Realm of New Zealand . The current office traces its origins to when the administration of New Zealand was placed under the Colony of New South Wales in 1839 and its governor was given jurisdiction over New Zealand . However , New Zealand would become its own colony the next year with its own governor . The modern governor-general and his or her functions came into being in 1917 and the office is currently mandated by Letters Patent issued in 1983 , constituting the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Realm of New Zealand . Constitutional functions of the governor-general include presiding over the Executive Council , appointing ministers and judges , granting royal assent to legislation , and summoning and dissolving parliament . These functions are generally exercised only according to the advice of an elected government . The governor-general also has an important ceremonial role : hosting events at Government House in Wellington , and travelling throughout New Zealand to open conferences , attend services and commemorations and generally provide encouragement to individuals and groups who are contributing to their communities . When travelling abroad , the governor-general is seen as the representative of New Zealand ; for this reason , the governor-general is viewed by some as the de facto head of state . The governor-general ( titled governor before 1917 ) initially represented the British monarch and the British Government . Therefore , many past officeholders were British , including a succession of minor aristocrats from the 1890s onwards . In a gradual process , culminating with the adoption of the Statute of Westminster in 1947 , the governor-general has become the independent , personal representative of the New Zealand monarch .
Sir Henry Edward Bolte GCMG ( 20 May 1908 - 4 January 1990 ) was an Australian politician . He was the 38th and longest-serving Premier of Victoria .
The Premier of Victoria is the head of government in the Australian state of Victoria . The Premier is appointed by the governor of Victoria , and is the leader of the political party able to secure a majority in the Legislative Assembly . Responsible government came to the colony of Victoria in 1855 . Between 1856 and 1892 , the head of the government was commonly called the premier or the prime minister , but neither title had any legal basis . The head of government always held another portfolio , usually Chief Secretary or Treasurer , for which they were paid a salary . The first head of government to hold the title of premier without holding another portfolio was William Shiels in 1892 . The incumbent Premier of Victoria since the 2014 election is Daniel Andrews of the Australian Labor Party .
Richard Gavin Gardiner Casey , Baron Casey KG , GCMG , CH , DSO , MC , PC ( 29 August 1890 - 17 June 1976 ) was an Australian statesman who served as the 16th Governor-General of Australia , in office from 1965 to 1969 . He was also a distinguished army officer , long-serving cabinet minister , Ambassador to the United States , member of Churchill 's War Cabinet , and Governor of Bengal . Casey was born in Brisbane , but moved to Melbourne when he was young . He studied engineering at the University of Melbourne and then went on to Trinity College , Cambridge . In 1914 , Casey enlisted as a lieutenant in the Australian Imperial Force . He saw service in the Gallipoli Campaign and on the Western Front , reaching the rank of major and winning the Distinguished Service Order and the Military Cross before becoming a Chief Intelligence Officer in 1920 . Casey joined the Australian public service in 1924 to work at Whitehall as a liaison officer with the British administration . He reported directly to the prime minister , Stanley Bruce , with whom he developed a close relationship . In 1931 , Casey was elected to federal parliament for the United Australia Party . He served as Treasurer from 1935 to 1939 ( under Joseph Lyons and Earle Page ) , and then as Minister for Supply and Development from 1939 to 1940 ( under Robert Menzies ) . During World War II , Casey was Ambassador to the United States from 1940 to 1942 , and then joined Winston Churchill 's War Cabinet as its representative in the Middle East . In 1944 , Churchill appointed him Governor of Bengal , where he handled the recovery from the 1943 famine and civil unrest in the lead-up to independence .
The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative of the Australian monarch , currently Queen Elizabeth II . As the Queen is concurrently the monarch of 15 other Commonwealth realms , and resides in the United Kingdom , she , on the advice of her prime minister , appoints a governor-general to carry out constitutional duties within the Commonwealth of Australia . The governor-general has formal presidency over the Federal Executive Council and is commander-in-chief of the Australian Defence Force . The functions of the governor-general include appointing ministers , judges , and ambassadors ; giving royal assent to legislation passed by parliament ; issuing writs for election ; and bestowing Australian honours . In general , the governor-general observes the conventions of the Westminster system and responsible government , maintaining a political neutrality , and has almost always acted only on the advice of the prime minister or other ministers or , in certain cases , parliament . The governor-general also has a ceremonial role : hosting events at either of the two official residences - Government House in the capital , Canberra , and Admiralty House in Sydney - and travelling throughout Australia to open conferences , attend services and commemorations , and generally provide encouragement to individuals and groups who are contributing to their communities . When travelling abroad , the governor-general is seen as the representative of Australia , and of the Queen of Australia . The governor-general is supported by a staff ( of 80 in 2018 ) headed by the Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia . A governor-general is not appointed for a specific term , but is generally expected to serve for five years subject to a possible short extension . Since 1 July 2019 , the governor-general has been General David Hurley . From Federation in 1901 until 1965 , 11 out of the 15 governors-general were British aristocrats ; they included four barons , three viscounts , three earls , and one royal duke . Since then , all but one of the governors-general have been Australian-born ; the exception , Sir Ninian Stephen , arrived in Australia as a teenager .
General Sir Henry George Chauvel , GCMG , KCB ( 16 April 1865 - 4 March 1945 ) , more usually known as Sir Harry Chauvel , was a senior officer of the Australian Imperial Force who fought at Gallipoli and during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the First World War . He was the first Australian to attain the rank of lieutenant general and later general , and the first to lead a corps . As commander of the Desert Mounted Corps , he was responsible for one of the most decisive victories and fastest pursuits in military history . The son of a grazier , Chauvel was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Upper Clarence Light Horse , a unit organised by his father , in 1886 . After the family moved to Queensland he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Queensland Mounted Infantry in 1890 , and saw service during the 1891 Australian shearers ' strike . He became a regular officer in 1896 , and went to the United Kingdom as part of the Queensland contingent for the 1897 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria . In 1899 he commanded one of two companies of Queensland Mounted Infantry that were Queensland 's initial contribution to the Boer War . After the war , he was closely involved with the training of the Australian Light Horse . Promoted to colonel in 1913 , Chauvel became the Australian representative on the Imperial General Staff but the First World War broke out while he was still en route to the United Kingdom . Chauvel arranged for the Australian Imperial Force to be diverted to Egypt , where he joined his new command , the 1st Light Horse Brigade , in December . In May 1915 , it was sent dismounted to Gallipoli , where Chauvel assumed responsibility for some of the most dangerous parts of the line . He took charge of the 1st Division that November .
The First Australian Imperial Force ( 1st AIF ) was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I . It was formed on 15 August 1914 , following Britain 's declaration of war on Germany , initially with a strength of one infantry division and one light horse brigade . The infantry division subsequently fought at Gallipoli between April and December 1915 , being reinforced by a second division which was later raised , as well as three light horse brigades . After being evacuated to Egypt the AIF was expanded to five infantry divisions , which were committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front in March 1916 . A sixth infantry division was partially raised in 1917 in the United Kingdom , but was broken up and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties on the Western Front . Meanwhile , two mounted divisions remained in the Middle East to fight against Turkish forces in the Sinai and Palestine . An all volunteer force , by the end of the war the AIF had gained a reputation as being a well-trained and highly effective military force , playing a significant role in the final Allied victory . However , this reputation came at a heavy cost with a casualty rate among the highest of any belligerent for the war . The AIF included the Australian Flying Corps
Egypt ( /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ( listen ) EE-jipt ; Arabic : مِصر Miṣr , Egyptian Arabic : مَصر Maṣr , Coptic : Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi ) , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula . Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip ( Palestine ) and Israel to the northeast , the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea to the east , Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan , across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia , and across the Mediterranean lie Greece , Turkey and Cyprus , although none share a land border with Egypt . Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 6th-4th millennia BCE . Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing , agriculture , urbanisation , organised religion and central government . Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx , as well the ruins of Memphis , Thebes , Karnak , and the Valley of the Kings , reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest . Egypt 's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity , which has endured , and often assimilated , various foreign influences , including Greek , Persian , Roman , Arab , Ottoman Turkish , and Nubian . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country , albeit with a significant Christian minority . From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century , Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers : The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire . Modern Egypt dates back to 1922 , when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy . However , British military occupation of Egypt continued , and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism . Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation , nationalized the British-held Suez Canal , exiled King Farouk and his family , and declared itself a republic .
Sir Joseph Cook , GCMG ( 7 December 1860 - 30 July 1947 ) was an Australian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Australia , in office from 1913 to 1914 . He was the leader of the Commonwealth Liberal Party from 1913 to 1917 , after earlier serving as the leader of the Anti-Socialist Party from 1908 to 1909 . Cook was born in Silverdale , Staffordshire , England , and began working in the local coal mines at the age of nine . He emigrated to Australia in 1885 , settling in Lithgow , New South Wales . He continued to work as a miner , becoming involved with the local labour movement as a union official . In 1891 , Cook was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as a representative of the Labor Party , becoming one of its first members of parliament . He was elected party leader in 1893 , but the following year left Labor due to a disagreement over party discipline . He was then invited to become a government minister under George Reid , and joined Reid 's Free Trade Party . In 1901 , Cook was elected to the new federal parliament representing the Division of Parramatta . He became deputy leader of the federal Free Trade Party ( later renamed the Anti-Socialist Party ) , again under George Reid , and in 1908 replaced Reid as party leader and Leader of the Opposition . In what became known as the fusion , Cook agreed to merge his party with Alfred Deakin 's Protectionist Party in 1909 , forming a unified anti-Labor party for the first time . He became deputy leader of the new Commonwealth Liberal Party , allowing Deakin to become prime minister again , and served as Minister for Defence until the government 's defeat at the 1910 election .
Sir Zelman Cowen , AK , GCMG , GCVO , PC , QC ( 7 October 1919 - 8 December 2011 ) was an Australian legal scholar and university administrator who served as the 19th Governor-General of Australia , in office from 1977 to 1982 . Cowen was born in Melbourne , and attended Scotch College before going on to the University of Melbourne . His studies were interrupted by World War II , during which he served in the Royal Australian Navy . After the war 's end , Cowen attended New College , Oxford , on a Rhodes Scholarship . He subsequently won the prestigious Vinerian Scholarship as the best student in the Bachelor of Civil Law degree . He remained at Oxford after graduating , serving as a fellow of Oriel College from 1947 to 1950 . In 1951 , Cowen returned to Australia to become dean of the law faculty at the University of Melbourne . In 1953 , still while at The University of Melbourne , he was awarded a Fulbright Senior Scholarship in Law to Harvard University . He became known as an expert on constitutional law , and was a visiting professor at a number of overseas institutions . He later served as vice-chancellor of the University of New England ( 1966-1970 ) and the University of Queensland ( 1970-1977 ) . In 1977 , Malcolm Fraser appointed Cowen to succeed John Kerr as governor-general . He was an uncontroversial choice , and became the second Jewish holder of the position , after Sir Isaac Isaacs .
Sir Frederick Matthew Darley GCMG PC ( 18 September 1830 - 4 January 1910 ) was the sixth Chief Justice of New South Wales , [ a ] an eminent barrister , a member of the New South Wales Parliament , Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales , and a member of the British Privy Council .
Sir Owen Dixon OM , GCMG , ( 28 April 1886 - 7 July 1972 ) was an Australian judge and diplomat who served as the sixth Chief Justice of Australia . A judge of the High Court for thirty-five years , Dixon was one of the leading jurists in the English-speaking world and is widely regarded as Australia 's greatest-ever jurist .
Sir Arthur William Fadden , GCMG , PC ( 13 April 1894 - 21 April 1973 ) was an Australian politician who served as Prime Minister of Australia from 29 August to 7 October 1941 . He was the leader of the Country Party from 1940 to 1958 . Fadden was born in Ingham , Queensland , to Irish immigrant parents . He was raised in Walkerston , and left school at the age of 15 . He was appointed town clerk of Mackay in 1916 , but following the 1918 cyclone moved to Townsville and opened an accountancy firm . He was elected to the Townsville City Council in 1930 , and in 1932 was elected to the Queensland Legislative Assembly for the Country and Progressive National Party . Fadden lost his seat in 1935 , but the following year won a by-election to the federal Division of Darling Downs . In March 1940 , Fadden was named a minister without portfolio in the government of Robert Menzies , who led the United Australia Party in a coalition with the Country Party . A few months later , following the deaths of three senior ministers in an air crash , he took over as Minister for Air and Minister for Civil Aviation . In October 1940 , Fadden replaced Harold Thorby as deputy leader of the Country Party . The leadership was vacant at the time , following Archie Cameron 's resignation , so Fadden became acting leader of the party and de facto deputy prime minister . Menzies subsequently promoted him to Treasurer of Australia .
Sir John Forrest GCMG ( 22 August 1847 - 2 September 1918 ) was an Australian explorer , the first Premier of Western Australia and a cabinet minister in Australia 's first federal parliament . As a young man , he won fame as an explorer by leading three expeditions into the interior of Western Australia , for which he was awarded the 1876 Royal Geographical Society 's Patron 's Medal . He was appointed Surveyor General and in 1890 became the first Premier of Western Australia , its only premier as a self-governing colony . Forrest 's premiership gave the state ten years of stable administration during a period of rapid development and demographic change . He pursued a policy of large-scale public works and extensive land settlement , and he helped to ensure that Western Australia joined the federation of Australian states . After federation , he moved to federal politics , where he was at various times postmaster-general , Minister for Defence , Minister for Home Affairs , Treasurer and acting Prime Minister . He was affiliated with the Protectionist Party from 1901 to 1906 , the Western Australian Party from 1906 to 1909 , the Commonwealth Liberal Party from 1909 to 1917 , then the Nationalist Party of Australia from 1917 to 1918 . Shortly before his death , Forrest was informed that the King had approved his elevation to the British peerage as Baron Forrest of Bunbury .
The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive branch of government in the Australian state of Western Australia . The Premier has similar functions in Western Australia to those performed by the Prime Minister of Australia at the national level , subject to the different Constitutions . The incumbent Premier of Western Australia is Mark McGowan who won the 2017 state election and was sworn in on 17 March 2017 by Governor Kerry Sanderson as the 30th Premier of Western Australia .
Sir Robert Randolph Garran GCMG QC ( 10 February 1867 - 11 January 1957 ) was an Australian lawyer who became Australia 's first public servant - the first federal government employee after the federation of the Australian colonies . He served as the departmental secretary of the Attorney-General 's Department from 1901 to 1932 , and after 1916 also held the position of Solicitor-General of Australia . Garran was born in Sydney , the son of the journalist and politician Andrew Garran . He studied arts and law at the University of Sydney and was called to the bar in 1891 . Garran was a keen supporter of the federation movement , and became acquainted with leading federalists like George Reid and Edmund Barton . At the 1897-98 constitutional convention he served as secretary of the drafting committee . On 1 January 1901 , Garran was chosen by Barton 's caretaker government as its first employee ; for a brief period , he was the only member of the Commonwealth Public Service . His first duty was to write the inaugural edition of the Commonwealth Gazette , which contained Queen Victoria 's proclamation authorising the creation of a federal government . Over the following three decades , Garran provided legal advice to ten different prime ministers , from Barton to Joseph Lyons . He was considered an early expert in Australian constitutional law , and with John Quick published an annotated edition of the constitution that became a standard reference work . Garran developed a close relationship with Billy Hughes during World War I , and accompanied him to the Imperial War Cabinet and the Paris Peace Conference . Hughes , who was simultaneously prime minister and attorney-general , appointed him to the new position of solicitor-general and delegated numerous powers and responsibilities to him .
Sir Harry Talbot Gibbs , GCMG , AC , KBE , QC ( 7 February 1917 - 25 June 2005 ) was Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1981 to 1987 after serving as a member of the High Court between 1970 and 1981 . He was known as one of Australia 's leading federalist judges although he presided over the High Court when decisions such as Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen in 1982 and Commonwealth v Tasmania expanded the powers of the Commonwealth at the expense of the states . Gibbs dissented from the majority verdict in both cases . On 3 August 2012 , the Supreme Court of Queensland Library opened the Sir Harry Gibbs Legal Heritage Centre . It is the only legal heritage museum of its kind in Queensland and features a permanent exhibition dedicated to the life and legacy of Sir Harry Gibbs .
Sir John Grey Gorton GCMG , AC , CH ( 9 September 1911 - 19 May 2002 ) was the nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia , in office from 1968 to 1971 . He led the Liberal Party during that time , having previously been a long-serving government minister . Gorton was born out of wedlock and had a turbulent childhood . He studied at Brasenose College , Oxford , after finishing his secondary education at Geelong Grammar School , and then returned to Australia to take over his father 's property in northern Victoria . Gorton enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force in 1940 , and served as a fighter pilot in Malaya and New Guinea during the Second World War . He suffered severe facial injuries in a crash landing on Bintan Island in 1942 , and whilst being evacuated ; his ship was torpedoed and sunk by a Japanese submarine . He returned to farming after being discharged in 1944 , and was elected to the Kerang Shire Council in 1946 ; he later served a term as shire president . After a previous unsuccessful candidacy at state level , Gorton was elected to the Senate at the 1949 federal election . He took a keen interest in foreign policy , and gained a reputation as a strident anti-Communist . Gorton was promoted to the ministry in 1958 , and over the following decade held a variety of different portfolios in the governments of Robert Menzies and Harold Holt . He was responsible at various times for the Navy , public works , education , and science . He was elevated to the Cabinet in 1966 , and the following year , he was promoted to Leader of the Government in the Senate .
Sir Paul Meernaa Caedwalla Hasluck , KG , GCMG , GCVO ( 1 April 1905 - 9 January 1993 ) was an Australian statesman who served as the 17th Governor-General of Australia , in office from 1969 to 1974 . Prior to that , he was a Liberal Party politician , holding ministerial office continuously from 1951 to 1969 . Hasluck was born in Fremantle , Western Australia , and attended Perth Modern School and the University of Western Australia . After graduation he joined the university as a faculty member , eventually becoming a reader in history . Hasluck joined the Department of External Affairs during World War II , and served as Australia 's first Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1946 to 1947 . He would later contribute two volumes to Australia in the War of 1939-1945 , the official history of Australia 's involvement in the war . In 1949 , Hasluck was elected to federal parliament for the Liberal Party , winning the Division of Curtin . In 1951 , less than two years after entering politics , he was made Minister for Territories in the Menzies Government . In his twelve years in the position , he initiated transitions toward self-government in Australia 's territories , including Nauru , Papua New Guinea , and the Northern Territory . Hasluck later served as Minister for Defence ( 1963-1964 ) and Minister for External Affairs ( 1964-1969 ) . His tenure in those positions covered Australia 's involvement in the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation and the first years of the Vietnam War . After the disappearance of Harold Holt , Hasluck unsuccessfully stood in the resulting Liberal leadership election .
Sir John Michael Higgins GCMG ( 9 December 1862 - 6 October 1937 ) was an Australian businessman and metallurgist , and was the founder of the Australian Metal Exchange .
Sir William Hill Irvine GCMG ( 6 July 1858 - 20 August 1943 ) was an Australian politician and judge . He served as Premier of Victoria ( 1902-1904 ) , Attorney-General of Australia ( 1913-1914 ) , and Chief Justice of Victoria ( 1918-1935 ) .