Independent Labour Party election results
Election results -- 1895 general election
Table:
Constituency
Candidate
Votes
%
Position[3]

Ashton-under-Lyne
James Sexton
415
6.4
3

Barrow-in-Furness
Pete Curran
414
6.9
3

Bradford West
Ben Tillett
2,264
23.4
3

Bolton
Fred Brocklehurst
2,691
9.8
4

Bristol East
Samuel George Hobson
1,874
31.2
2

Colne Valley
Tom Mann
1,245
13.4
3

Dewsbury
Edward Hartley
1,080
10.5
3

Dundee
James MacDonald
1,313
5.0
5

Fulham
William Parnell
191
2.0
3

Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown
James Shaw Maxwell
448
7.1
3

Glasgow Bridgeton
James Robertson Watson
609
9.4
3

Glasgow Camlachie
Robert Smillie
696
10.9
3

Glasgow St Rollox
John Evans Woolacott
405
4.4
3

Glasgow Tradeston
Frank Smith
368
5.8
3

Gorton
Richard Pankhurst
4,261
42.1
2

Govan
Alex Haddow
430
4.9
3

Halifax
John Lister
3,818
20.5
4

Huddersfield
Russell Smart
1,594
11.2
3

Hyde
George Christie
448
5.0
3

Kingston upon Hull West
Tom McCarthy
1,400
17.4
2

Leveraging the following table plus the supporting evidence provided.

Solve the question: Who currently represents the constituency a trade unionist born in 1856 ran for in the 1895 general election ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

Ashton-under-Lyne is a constituency [ n 1 ] centred on the town of Ashton-under-Lyne that is represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Angela Rayner of the Labour Party , who has served as Shadow Secretary of State for Education since 1 July 2016 and Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities since 27 June 2016 . [ n 2 ] It is considered a safe seat for Labour ; in most general elections its voters have given strong majorities to the Labour Party candidate .
Sir James Sexton CBE ( 13 April 1856 - 27 December 1938 ) was a British trade unionist and politician .
Barrow and Furness , formerly known as Barrow-in-Furness , is a constituency [ n 1 ] in Cumbria .
Peter Francis Curran ( 28 March 1860 - 14 February 1910 ) was a British trade unionist and politician . Born Patrick Francis Curran in Glasgow , to a Catholic family of Irish origin , Curran became known as Pete at an early age . He left school at the age of eleven , training as a blacksmith and working at a steel plant . Always interested in politics , he joined the Irish Land League , but was impressed by Henry George 's speeches , and transferred to the Scottish Land Restoration League in 1880 . He married in 1881 , and around this time also joined the Social Democratic Federation ( SDF ) . Late in the 1880s , Curran moved to London to work at the Royal Arsenal . He worked with Will Thorne to found the National Union of Gasworkers and General Labourers , and in 1889 , he became the union 's full-time secretary for the West of England . He was convicted of intimidation during a dispute in Plymouth , but this was overturned in the Court of Appeal in the famous case Curran v. Treleaven . With newfound fame , he moved back to London to take up the post of national organiser of the gasworkers ' union . While remaining a member of the SDF , Curran joined the Fabian Society and was a founder member of the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . He was a member of the ILP 's National Administrative Council from 1893-98 , and stood for the party in Barrow at the 1895 general election , but won only 6.9% of the votes cast . His next contest was the 1897 Barnsley by-election , where he took just over 1,000 votes , only 9.7% of the total , and was attacked by Ben Pickard , General Secretary of the Yorkshire Miners ' Association , for his socialist politics , and with claims that he had abandoned his wife .
Bradford West is a constituency [ n 1 ] of the city of Bradford represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament . [ n 2 ]
Benjamin Tillett ( 11 September 1860 - 27 January 1943 ) was a British socialist , trade union leader and politician . He was a leader of the new unionism of 1889 that focused on organizing unskilled workers . He played a major role in founding the Dockers Union , and played a prominent role as a strike leader in dock strikes in 1911 and 1912 . He enthusiastically supported the war effort in the First World War . He was pushed aside by Ernest Bevin during the consolidation that created the Transport and General Workers ' Union in 1922 , who gave Tillett a subordinate position . Scholars stress his evangelical dedication to the labour cause , while noting his administrative weaknesses . Clegg Fox and Thompson described him as a demagogue and agitator grasping for fleeting popularity .
Bolton was a borough constituency centred on the town of Bolton in the county of Lancashire . It returned two Members of Parliament ( MPs ) to the House of Commons for the Parliament of the United Kingdom , elected by the bloc vote system . Created by the Reform Act of 1832 , it was represented by two Members of Parliament . The constituency was abolished in 1950 , being split into single-member divisions of Bolton East and Bolton West .
Frederick Brocklehurst ( 1866-1926 ) was a British political activist best known for his early involvement in the socialist movement . Brocklehurst began working in a silk mill when only ten years old . He subsequently worked at the presses of the Manchester Courier newspaper , before obtaining a scholarship to Queens ' College , Cambridge , where he graduated in law . An activist in the Labour Church , he returned to Manchester after John Trevor passed the church leadership to him . He was a founder member of the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) , and in 1894 was elected to its national council . Brocklehurst stood for the ILP in Bolton at the 1895 general election . In 1896 , Brocklehurst was arrested and imprisoned for giving a speech at Boggart Hole Clough Park , on behalf of the ILP . This was in contravention of a controversial new bylaw prohibiting public speaking in Manchester 's parks . However , public opinion was with Brocklehurst and in 1897 , he was elected to Manchester City Council , defeating the chairman of the parks committee . He was also elected to the Manchester School Board , on which he campaigned against school fees and subsidies for religious schools . He became well known for proposing improved sporting and recreational facilities for the city . The ILP was one of the organisations which founded the Labour Representation Committee ( LRC ) in 1900 ; this organisation later became the Labour Party .
Bristol East is a constituency [ n 1 ] recreated in 1983 covering the eastern part of the City of Bristol . [ n 2 ] An earlier guise of the seat existed between 1885 and 1950 .
Samuel George Hobson , often known as S. G. Hobson ( 4 February 1870 - 4 January 1940 ) , was a theorist of guild socialism . Born in Bessbrook , County Armagh , Hobson was given a Quaker education in Saffron Walden and then Sidcot , Somerset . Moving to Cardiff , he became an active socialist , joining first the Fabian Society and then becoming a founder member of the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . He began writing for the ILP newspaper , Labour Leader , and in 1900 was elected to the Fabian Society 's executive . Hobson stood for the ILP in the 1895 general election at Bristol East , becoming a member of the Bristol Socialist Society for some years . In the 1906 , he stood as an independent Labour candidate in Rochdale . By this point , he was keen to go beyond the Labour Party 's Parliamentary activity and create an actual socialist society . From 1906 , Hobson developed a theory of a socialism based on guilds , a form of workers ' self-management inspired by Mediaeval forms of organisation . He left the Fabians in 1910 and soon began writing for Alfred Richard Orage 's magazine , The New Age . He coined the term guild socialism , and in 1914 , his writing for the publication was compiled as National Guilds : an Inquiry into the Wage System and a Way Out . He helped found the National Guilds League , but following disagreements with G. D. H. Cole over strategy , and The New Age 's move to supporting social credit , he ceased theoretical work . Throughout this period , Hobson had been involved in various profitable activities , managing a banana plantation and editing an investment journal .
Colne Valley is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Jason McCartney of the Conservative Party . [ n 2 ] The seat has been won by three different parties ' candidates by a marginal majority since the 1992 general election , the last occasion when the winning majority exceeded 10% of the votes cast . Colne Valley is one of 17 seats won ( held or gained ) by a Labour candidate in 2017 from a total of 22 covering its county , with Thelma Walker 's 2017 win being one of 30 net gains of the Labour Party . However , former MP Jason McCartney took the seat back for the Conservatives in 2019 .
Thomas Mann ( 1856-1941 ) was an English trade unionist . Largely self-educated , Mann became a successful organiser and a popular public speaker in the labour movement .
Dewsbury is a constituency [ n 1 ] created in 1868 . This seat is represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom Parliament since 2019 by Mark Eastwood of the Conservative Party . [ n 2 ]
Edward Robertshaw Hartley ( 25 May 1855 - 18 January 1918 ) was a British socialist politician . Hartley began work in a mill at the age of ten , before becoming a warehouse clerk and then a butcher . He became an active socialist in 1885 , in reaction to serious unemployment in his home town of Bradford . He was a founder member of the Bradford Labour Union and the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . :306 He stood for the party in Dewsbury at the 1895 general election , taking 10.4% of the vote , but was not elected . :128-130 However , he did gain election to Bradford City Council that year , representing Manningham , and held his seat for over a decade . At the 1900 general election , he was nominated in Pudsey , but withdrew on the eve of the poll . Hartley was intended as the ILP candidate for the 1902 Dewsbury by-election , with the support of the local trades council and the Labour Representation Committee , but the rival Social Democratic Federation ( SDF ) nominated Harry Quelch . Initially , neither candidate would withdraw , but the trades council convinced the ILP to drop Hartley 's candidacy . Quelch did not gain the support of the local labour movement , nor of the ILP leadership . Angered by what he saw as pandering to the right-wing of the labour movement , Hartley actively supported Quelch 's candidacy and joined the SDF . :138-141 He founded a new SDF branch in Bradford , in 1904 , :204 and was elected to the SDF 's executive for seven years , using the position to advocate socialist unity .
Dundee was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1950 , when it was split into Dundee East and Dundee West . From 1832 to 1868 it elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system , and from 1868 until its abolition for the 1950 general election it elected two MPs using the bloc vote system .
James MacDonald ( 1857 - 21 May 1938 ) was a British trade unionist . Born in Edinburgh , MacDonald trained as a tailor and moved to London in 1881 . He joined the Central Marylebone Democratic Association and the Manhood Suffrage League , but it was reading Friedrich Engels ' articles in the Labour Standard that convinced him of socialism . As a result , he joined the Social Democratic Federation ( SDF ) , but left in 1885 to join the Socialist Union . However , he rejoined the SDF in 1887 . In 1888 , MacDonald worked with Lewis Lyons to unite both East End and West End tailors , which became the Amalgamated Society of Tailors . He then founded a newspaper , Journeyman , and joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . In 1891 , MacDonald was elected to the executive of the London Trades Council , and in 1896 he became its Secretary , a post he held until 1913 . Despite being based in London , he twice stood for Parliament in Dundee as an ILP candidate , failing to win a seat . He also spent some time on the Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress and in 1893 successfully proposed an amendment requiring it to support only those Labour candidates who accepted the principle of collective ownership . In 1898 , MacDonald organised merger talks between the SDF and ILP , but these proved unsuccessful , the ILP withdrawing . Increasingly radical , in 1900 he proposed a motion that the ILP should be an organisation of class war , but this was voted down .
Fulham was a borough constituency centred on the London district of Fulham . It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1918 and from 1955 to 1997 .
Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown , representing parts of the city of Glasgow , Scotland , was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1918 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system .
James Shaw Maxwell ( 1855-1928 ) , known as Shaw Maxwell , was a Scottish socialist activist . Born in Glasgow , Maxwell joined the Liberal Party and worked as a lithographer and journalist . He left the Liberals in 1880 in opposition to their local opposition to Irish nationalism , and became a leading supporter of Henry George and an activist in the Scottish Land Restoration League . Maxwell stood unsuccessfully for Glasgow Blackfriars and Hutchesontown at the 1885 general election . In 1888 , he attended the founding meeting of the Scottish Labour Party and was appointed as the first chairman of its executive . Along with most of the organisation 's members , he joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) on its formation in 1893 , and served as its first Secretary . He stood again in Blackfriars and Hutchesontown at the 1895 general election , this time for the ILP , and again without success . However , he did manage to get elected to Glasgow City Council in 1896 . He led a successful campaign for free libraries in the city , and for the opening of museums and art galleries on Sundays , to increase the number of workers able to attend .
Glasgow Bridgeton was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Glasgow . From 1885 to 1974 , it returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom , elected by the first-past-the-post voting system . For many years it was represented by James Maxton , the leader of the Independent Labour Party whose policies were to the left of the Labour Party .
Professor James Robertson Watson ( 31 May 1859 - 1923 ) was a Scottish chemist and political activist . Born in the Parkhead area of Glasgow , Watson was educated at Parkhead Sessional School , Dennistoun Academy and High School of Glasgow before graduating from the University of Glasgow , then studying at the University of Tübingen , University of Geneva and University of Berlin . In 1889 , he returned to Glasgow , where he was appointed as Professor of Chemistry at Anderson 's College . Watson was a founder member of the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) , for which he stood unsuccessfully in 1893 in the Mile End ward of Glasgow City Council , then at the 1895 general election in Glasgow Bridgeton , where he took less than 10% of the vote . After his second defeat , Watson drifted away from the ILP , but remained politically engaged , and spent the 1900s campaigning on tariff reform . A supporter of World War I , he stood as an independent at the 1917 Aberdeen South by-election , taking second place with 29.4% of the vote , then again in Aberdeen South at the 1918 general election , where his vote dropped back to only 16.8% . Watson died in 1923 , and is buried in Faslane Cemetery .
Glasgow Camlachie was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1955 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system .
Robert Smillie ( 17 March 1857 - 16 February 1940 ) was a trade unionist and Labour Party politician in Great Britain , especially Scotland . He was a leader of the coal miners , and played a central role in moving support from the miners away from the Liberal Party to the Labour Party . He had a firm commitment to socialism as an ideal , and militancy as a tactic .
Glasgow St. Rollox was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1950 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system . The constituency covered Glasgow 's Cowcaddens and Woodside wards . In 1950 , the constituency was extended to include North Kelvin ward , and the name was changed to Glasgow Woodside . It is referenced in Franz Ferdinand 's song The Fallen as an area where the protagonist of the story spends much of his time .
John Evans Woolacott ( 1861 - 31 January 1936 ) was a British journalist , newspaper editor , and political activist . Born in Milford Haven , Woolacott was educated at the Menai Bridge School . He became a journalist , and from 1887 was a lobby correspondent for the Central News Agency , later working for the agency in Ireland , Morocco and Egypt . Woolacott became interested in social matters by reading Henry George 's Progress and Poverty . He joined the English Land Reformation League , and later also the Fabian Society and the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . At the 1895 UK general election , Woolacott stood unsuccessfully for the ILP in Glasgow St Rollox , and he was also unsuccessful in Finsbury Central in the 1898 London County Council election . During the 1890s , Woolacott was editor of the Democrat , which had been founded by William Saunders , and assistant editor of the Weekly Dispatch . In 1903 he became assistant editor of The Economist . He was elected as president of the Institute of Journalists in 1908 , but left the post to become assistant editor of The Statesman , in Kolkata , then in 1913 became editor of the Bombay Gazette . This soon closed , and Woolacott returned to England . By this time , he had switched to support the Liberal Party . In 1914 , he was adopted as its Prospective Parliamentary Candidate for Coventry , but due to the outbreak of World War I , no election was held until 1918 , and Woolacott did not stand .
Glasgow Tradeston was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1955 . It elected one Member of Parliament ( MP ) using the first-past-the-post voting system .
Francis Samuel Smith ( 1854 - 26 December 1940 ) was a British newspaper editor and Christian socialist politician , who contested a large number of elections before finally winning a parliamentary seat in his mid-70s . Born in Chelsea , Smith was educated privately and ran an upholstery company in Sloane Street . He was active in the Chelsea Mission , and through that joined the Salvation Army in its early days . In 1884 he moved to the United States to quell a secessionist movement among the Salvationists there , then returned to the UK as the first leader of the Social Wing of the Salvation Army . On the voyage to America he read Henry George 's book , Progress and Poverty which introduced him to Georgist ideas . In 1890 , he co-wrote In Darkest England and the Way Out with William Booth . However , he left the movement later in the year , to involve himself in the labour movement , founding the Labour Army and Workers ' Cry , a newspaper which he edited from two years . In 1892 , he became editor of the Weekly Dispatch , holding the post for three years . Smith stood unsuccessfully in Hammersmith at the 1892 general election , but he was elected to the London County Council , playing a key role on the body until 1913 . He became a founding member of the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) , and was its first parliamentary candidate , at the 1894 Sheffield Attercliffe by-election . A close friend of its leader , Keir Hardie , he drew on some experience in radical journalism to assist with the relaunch of the Labour Leader . Smith also stood in Glasgow Tradeston at the 1895 general election , in the meantime involving himself in spiritualism and the Brotherhood Movement , emphasising that , for him , socialism was entirely compatible with religion .
Manchester Gorton is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Labour 's Afzal Khan , who was elected at the 2017 general election .
Richard Marsden Pankhurst ( 1835/6 - 5 July 1898 ) was an English barrister and socialist who was a strong supporter of women 's rights .
Glasgow Govan was a parliamentary constituency in the Govan district of Glasgow . It was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for 120 years ; from 1885 until 2005 , returning one Member of Parliament ( MP ) elected by the first-past-the-post system . It was a Conservative-Liberal marginal seat for the first three decades of its existence , before breaking this trend when the Labour Party won the seat in 1918 . It remained a Labour-controlled seat for the next fifty-five years , except for a five-year Conservative interlude between 1950-55 , until being seized by the Scottish National Party at a by-election in 1973 , only to be regained by Labour the following year . The SNP regained the seat at a 1988 by-election , only to lose it again to Labour in 1992 . It remained under Labour control until its abolition thirteen years later . The area which the constituency represented is now covered by Glasgow Central , Glasgow South and Glasgow South West .
Halifax is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Holly Lynch of the Labour Party . [ n 2 ]
John Lister ( 8 March 1847 - 12 October 1933 ) was an English philanthropist and politician . John Lister was born in Marylebone , Middlesex to John and Louisa Ann ( née Grant ) Lister . He had two younger siblings named Charles and Anne . They were related to nineteenth century diarist Anne Lister . Lister grew up in Sandown on the Isle of Wight and Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire . He attended Winchester College , then Brasenose College at the University of Oxford and finally Inner Temple , where he qualified as a barrister . Lister was influenced by the Oxford Movement and in 1871 joined the Roman Catholic Church . In 1873 , he was elected to Halifax Town Council for the Liberal Party . In 1882 , he founded the Catholic Working Men 's Association . Increasingly influenced by Christian socialism , Lister joined the Fabian Society in 1891 . He was a founder member of the Halifax Labour Union , for which he was re-elected to the Town Council in 1892 . He joined the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) on its formation the following year , becoming its first treasurer .
Huddersfield is a constituency [ n 1 ] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1983 by Barry Sheerman of the Labour Co-operative Party ( which denotes he is a member of the Labour Party and Co-operative Party , one of 38 current Labour MPs , and requires members to contribute practically to a cooperative business ) . [ n 2 ]
Hyman Russell Smart ( 1858 - 12 November 1923 ) was a British socialist activist . Born in London , Smart attended Dulwich College before becoming an actor . However , he soon changed careers and instead became a sanitation engineer . Smart became interested in socialism and joined the Social Democratic Federation ( SDF ) and Fabian Society , but he devoted most of his time to the Independent Labour Party ( ILP ) . At the 1895 general election , he stood as the ILP candidate for Huddersfield ; he took 11.2% of the vote and was not elected . Despite this , he became increasingly prominent in the ILP , serving on its National Administrative Council . In 1910 , Smart was a signatory to Leonard Hall 's Green Manifesto , which called on the ILP to distance itself from the Labour Party 's revisionist positions . He left the ILP in 1911 , becoming a founding member of the British Socialist Party ( BSP ) , which was largely created by the SDF , and he served on its first executive . Disappointed at the BSP 's rejection of syndicalism , he and Hall resigned in 1912 . He subsequently became less prominent , although he did join a new SDF , successor to the National Socialist Party , in 1923 . He died suddenly later that year , while playing chess .
Hyde was a county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1918 . It was seated in the town of Hyde , Cheshire . From the 1918 general election onwards , the town has been represented in parliament through the constituency of Stalybridge and Hyde .
Kingston upon Hull West was a borough constituency in Kingston upon Hull which returned one Member of Parliament ( MP ) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until it was abolished for the 1918 general election . It was recreated for the 1955 general election and abolished again for the 1997 general election . It was then replaced by the new Hull West and Hessle constituency .
Thomas McCarthy ( c. 1862 - 19 September 1899 ) was a British Irish trade unionist , who became prominent as a leader of dockers in England . Born in Limehouse to parents from Ireland , McCarthy initially worked at a local shipbuilding yard . This industry was in decline , and he moved to become a carman , before finding work as a stevedore at the local docks . He joined the Amalgamated Stevedores ' Labour Protection League in 1879 , and in 1885 , he was elected as the union 's secretary . The post paid only GB£0.17 ( equivalent to £18.5 in 2019 ) a week , so he continued to work on the docks for his primary income . The Stevedores ' Union was a conservative organisation , taking little interest in current events , and focusing on restricting the admission of new members such that the total number of stevedores did not increase . McCarthy believed that its members would be in a stronger position if all workers at the docks were unionised , and he strongly supported Ben Tillett 's efforts in forming the Tea Operatives ' and General Labourers ' Association . Discontent over bonus payments in the docks arose in August 1889 , and McCarthy gave a speech on 12 August alongside Will Thorne , urging workers at the South Dock , Rotherhithe , to form a union and go on strike . This occurred , and although initially Tillett 's union was concerned that they had been bypassed , they soon joined , and with some difficulty , McCarthy also persuaded his union , and the rival United Society of Stevedores , to join the strike . It had now become the major London dock strike of 1889 , which succeeded in obtaining increased wages for dock workers , and inspired a wave of new trade unions across the country . Immediately after the strike , McCarthy was removed from his post by the executive of the Stevedores . Instead , he took up a full-time post as an organiser for Tillett 's union , now renamed as the Dock , Wharf , Riverside and General Labourers ' Union .