1285 papal election
Participants
Table:
Elector

Nationality

Cardinalatial title

Elevated

Elevator

Notes

Ordonho Alvares

Portuguese

Bishop of Frascati

1278, March 12

Nicholas III

Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals

Bentivenga da Bentivengi, O.F.M.

Italian

Bishop of Albano

1278, March 12

Nicholas III

Grand penitentiary

Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P.

Italian

Bishop of Ostia e Velletri

1278, March 12

Nicholas III

Inquisitor General of the Papal Inquisition

Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.

Italian

Bishop of Palestrina

1278, March 12

Nicholas III

Anchero Pantaleone

French

Priest of S. Prassede

1262, May 22

Urban IV

Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals

Hugh of Evesham

English

Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina

1281, April 12

Martin IV

Gervais Jeancolet de Clinchamp

French

Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti

1281, April 12

Martin IV

Cosmo Glusano de Casate

Italian

Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietro

1281, April 12

Martin IV

Geoffroy de Bar

French

Priest of S. Susanna

1281, April 12

Martin IV

Giacomo Savelli

Italian

Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin

1261, December 17

Urban IV

Protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Elected as Pope Honorius IV

Goffredo da Alatri

Italian

Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro

1261, December 17

Urban IV

Matteo Rosso Orsini

Italian

Deacon of S. Maria in Portico Octaviae

1262, May 22

Urban IV

Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica; Cardinal-protector of the Order of Franciscans

Giordano Orsini

Italian

Deacon of S. Eustachio

1278, March 12

Nicholas III

Giacomo Colonna

Italian

Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata; commendatario of S. Marcello and S. Maria in Aquiro

1278, March 12

Nicholas III

Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica

Benedetto Caetani

Italian

Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano

1281, April 12

Martin IV

Leveraging the table and the context snippets listed below.

State the answer to the question: What is Cosmo Glusano de Casate 's Elevator 's given name at birth ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Ordoño Álvarez ( Portuguese : Ordonho Alvares ) ( Asturias , c. 1198 - Rome , 21 December 1285 ) was an Asturian clergyman , abbot at the Abbey of Santa María de Husillos , bishop of Salamanca , archbishop of Braga and cardenal of the Roman Catholic Church .
Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers .
The Diocese of Frascati ( Lat . : Tusculana ) is a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy , based at Frascati , near Rome . The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop ; from the Latin name of the area , the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum . [ A ] Tusculum was destroyed in 1191 . The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati , a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV . Until 1962 , the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see in addition to any curial duties he possessed . Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses , and made the title purely honorific .
Pope Nicholas III ( Latin : Nicolaus III ; c. 1225 - 22 August 1280 ) , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini , was Pope from 25 November 1277 to his death in 1280 . He was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight popes , been made Cardinal-Deacon of St. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano by Pope Innocent IV ( 1243-54 ) , protector of the Franciscans by Pope Alexander IV ( 1254-61 ) , inquisitor-general by Pope Urban IV ( 1261-64 ) , and succeeded Pope John XXI ( 1276-77 ) after a six-month vacancy in the Holy See resolved in the papal election of 1277 , largely through family influence .
Bentivenga de Bentivengis , O. Min . ( ca . 1230 - 25 or 26 March 1289 ) , also written Bentivegna de Bentivegni , or de Bentivenghi or Bentivegnawas , was an Italian Franciscan and cardinal .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
The Diocese of Albano ( Latin : Albanensis ) is a suburbicarian see of the Roman Catholic Church in a diocese in Italy , comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome . Albano Laziale is situated some 15 kilometers from Rome , on the Appian Way . Under current arrangements it has both a titular bishop and a diocesan bishop .
Latino Malabranca Orsini ( b. at Rome , year unknown - d. 10 August 1294 , Perugia ) was a Roman noble , an Italian cardinal of the Holy Roman Church , and nephew of Pope Nicholas III .
The Bishop of Ostia is the head of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia , one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome . The position is now attached to the post of Dean of the College of Cardinals , as it has been since 1150 , with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the Vicar General of Rome . Ostia and Velletri , Ostia e Velletri in Italian , was a single suburbicarian diocese from 1105 to 1914 . In 1914 , Velletri ( now Velletri-Segni ) was split off as a separate suburbicarian diocese . Starting then , a new Dean would add the see of Ostia to the suburbicarian see he already had .
Pope Nicholas IV ( Latin : Nicolaus IV ; 30 September 1227 - 4 April 1292 ) , born Girolamo Masci , Pope from 22 February 1288 to his death in 1292 . He was the first Franciscan to be elected pope .
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina ( Latin : Diocesis Praenestina ) is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy . The current Bishop of Palestrina is Domenico Sigalini , who from 3 November 2010 until 5 April 2014 was also appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to be the general ecclesiastical assistant of Italian Catholic Action .
Anchero Pantaleone ( 1210-1286 ) was a French cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Urban IV , his uncle who elevated him on 22 May 1262 . After the death of Urban IV in 1264 , Cardinal Ancher supervised the construction of the Basilica of St. Urbain , Troyes , that his uncle had started . Ancher was cardinal protopriest from 1277 . He died on 1 November 1286 .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
Pope Urban IV ( Latin : Urbanus IV ; c. 1195 - 2 October 1264 ) , born Jacques Pantaléon , was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1261 to his death in 1264 . He was not a cardinal ; only a few popes since his time have not been cardinals , including Gregory X , Urban V and Urban VI .
Hugh of Evesham ( died 1287 ) was a 13th-century English churchman , physician and alchemist . Given his name , it is likely that he came from Evesham , Worcestershire .
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) .
Pope Martin IV ( Latin : Martinus IV ; c. 1210/1220 - 6 March 1285 ) , born Simon de Brion , was Pope from 22 February 1281 to his death in 1285 . He was the last French pope to have held court in Rome ; all subsequent French popes held court in Avignon ( the Avignon Papacy ) .
Gervasius Giançolet de Glincamp ( in Latin : Gervasius de Clinio Campo ) was born ( perhaps around 1218 ) in the diocese of Mans , son of Gervais , great-grandson of Eudes , chevalier and seigneur de Groestel . He was a Roman Catholic cardinal and diplomat . He had a brother , Jean de Glincamp , who became Abbot of S. Remi in Reims ( died April 1297 ) . Another relative , a first-cousin , Robert de Glincamp , was bishop of Mans ( 1298-1309 ) .
Comes Glusiano de Casate ( Latin : Comes Glusianus de Casate ; Italian : Cosmo or Cosimo Giussiano ; born in Milan , date unknown ; died in Rome , 8 April 1287 ) was an Italian ecclesiastical lawyer and Roman Catholic Cardinal . He came from an important family , de magno sanguine natus ( born from high blood ) , as his funeral monument states . He was learned in the law , tu sapiens pectus iuris vexilla ferebas . He was Archdeacon of the Church of Milan .
Geoffroy de Bar ( in Latin : Gaufridus de Barro ) or Barbeau , of Burgundy , was a French cardinal and member of the Roman Curia . He died in 1287 .
Pope Honorius IV ( c. 1210 - 3 April 1287 ) , born Giacomo Savelli , was Pope from 2 April 1285 to his death in 1287 . During his pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French political policy of his predecessor , Pope Martin IV .
Goffredo di Raynaldo ( da Alatri , Goffredo da Alatri , Goffredo di Alatri ) ( born at Alatri at the beginning of the 13th century , died in Rome , April or May , 1287 ) , was an Italian nobleman , city leader and Roman Catholic cardinal . He was Podestà ( chief magistrate ) of his native Alatri , a small town in the mountains , east of Anagni , in the last two years of his life .
Matteo Rosso Orsini ( c. 1230 , in Rome - 4 September 1305 , in Perugia ) , was a Roman aristocrat , politician , diplomat , and Roman Catholic Cardinal . He was the nephew of Pope Nicholas III ( Giovanni Gaetano Orsini ) ( 1277-1280 ) .
Giordano Orsini ( Rome , thirteenth century - Rome , 8 September 1287 ) was an Italian cardinal .
Giacomo Colonna ( 1270-1329 ) , more commonly known by his bynames Sciarrillo or Sciarra , was a member of the powerful Colonna family . He is most famous for attacking Pope Boniface VIII and for crowning Louis IV of Germany as Holy Roman Emperor .
Pope Boniface VIII ( Latin : Bonifatius VIII ; born Benedetto Caetani , c. 1230 - 11 October 1303 ) was pope from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303 . Caetani was of baronial origin with family connections to the papacy . He succeeded Pope Celestine V , a Benedictine , who had resigned from the papal throne . Boniface spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles . In the College of Cardinals , he discriminated not only against the Benedictines but also members of the Colonna family , some of whom had contested the validity of the 1294 papal conclave that elected him following the unusual resignation of Pope Celestine V. The dispute resulted in battles between troops of Boniface and his adversaries and the deliberate destruction and salting of the town of Palestrina , despite the pope 's assurances that the surrendering city would be spared . Boniface VIII put forward some of the strongest claims of any pope to temporal as well as spiritual power . He involved himself often with foreign affairs , including in France , Sicily , Italy and the First War of Scottish Independence . These views , and his chronic intervention in temporal affairs , led to many bitter quarrels with Albert I of Germany , Philip IV of France , and Dante Alighieri , who wrote his treatise De Monarchia to dispute Boniface 's claims of papal supremacy and placed the pope in the Eighth Circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy , among the simoniacs . Boniface systematized canon law by collecting it in a new volume , Liber Sextus ( 1298 ) , which continues to be important source material for canon lawyers . He organized the first Catholic jubilee year to take place in Rome in order to gain political clout over Philip IV of France or make up for loss of funds from him . Boniface had first entered into conflict with Philip IV of France in 1296 when the latter sought to reinforce the nascent nation state by imposing taxes on the clergy and barring them from administration of the law . The conflict escalated when the French arrested and convicted papal legate Bernard Saisset for insurrection .