National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Current listings
Table:
Name on the Register	Date listed	Location	City or town	Description

1	1790 Footprints	August 7 , 1974 ( # 74000351 )	9.1 miles south of park headquarters on Hawaii Route 11 , then along a foot trail to the southeast for 1 mile 19°23′00″N 155°20′07″W / 19.383333°N 155.335278°W / 19.383333 ; -155.335278 ( 1790 Footprints )	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park	Footprints left in solidified ash from Kilauea eruption

2	Ainahou Ranch	February 8 , 1995 ( # 94001619 )	Off Chain of Craters Road in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°20′37″N 155°13′44″W / 19.343611°N 155.228889°W / 19.343611 ; -155.228889 ( Ainahou Ranch )	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park	Built by Shipman family as refuge from World War II , used to raise endangered Hawaiian goose

3	Ainapo Trail	August 30 , 1974 ( # 74000290 )	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°27′39″N 155°34′39″W / 19.460833°N 155.5775°W / 19.460833 ; -155.5775 ( Ainapo Trail )	Mauna Loa	Ancient trail to the Mokuaweoweo summit

4	Hilina Pali Road	January 14 , 2015 ( # 09000587 )	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°24′06″N 155°15′56″W / 19.4016°N 155.265629°W / 19.4016 ; -155.265629 ( Hilina Pali Road )	Hilo vicinity

5	Kilauea Crater	July 24 , 1974 ( # 74000291 )	Southwest of Hilo in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°24′22″N 155°17′02″W / 19.406110°N 155.283895°W / 19.406110 ; -155.283895 ( Kilauea Crater )	Hilo	Active volcano is a world heritage site

6	Mauna Loa Road	January 14 , 2015 ( # 09000620 )	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°26′15″N 155°18′10″W / 19.4374°N 155.3027°W / 19.4374 ; -155.3027 ( Mauna Loa Road )	Hilo vicinity

7	Old Volcano House No . 42	July 24 , 1974 ( # 74000293 )	Southwest of Hilo on Hawaii Route 11 in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°26′02″N 155°15′39″W / 19.433889°N 155.260833°W / 19.433889 ; -155.260833 ( Old Volcano House No . 42 )	Hilo	Built in 1877 ; now Volcano Art Center gallery

8	Puna-Ka ' u Historic District	July 1 , 1974 ( # 74000294 )	Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°17′42″N 155°14′31″W / 19.295°N 155.241944°W / 19.295 ; -155.241944 ( Puna-Ka ' u Historic District )	Pāhala

9	Whitney Seismograph Vault No . 29	July 24 , 1974 ( # 74000292 )	Southwest of Hilo on Hawaii Route 11 in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°25′59″N 155°15′40″W / 19.433056°N 155.261111°W / 19.433056 ; -155.261111 ( Whitney Seismograph Vault No . 29 )	Hilo	Original home of Hawaiian Volcano Observatory founded by Thomas Jaggar in 1912

10	Wilkes Campsite	July 24 , 1974 ( # 74000295 )	West of Hilo at Mauna Loa Volcano in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park 19°28′14″N 155°35′06″W / 19.470556°N 155.585°W / 19.470556 ; -155.585 ( Wilkes Campsite )	Hilo	Ruins of 1840 Charles Wilkes camp site at Mokuaweoweo summit

Taking into account the tabular data and the context snippets listed below.

Give the answer to the question: What is the other name for the historic region on the list that is on the largest volcano in the world ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

The 1790 Footprints refer to a set of footprints found near the Kīlauea volcano in present-day Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaiʻi . Resulting from an unusually explosive eruption , they may be associated with a series of battles in the area in 1790 .
The Hawaiʻi Belt Road is a modern name for the Māmalahoa Highway and consists of Hawaiʻi state Routes 11 , 19 , and 190 that encircle the Island of Hawaiʻi . The southern section , between Hilo and Kailua-Kona is numbered as Route 11 . The section between Hilo and Waimea is Route 19 . Between Waimea and Kailua-Kona , the road is split in two : the original mauka route ( now Route 190 ) and a makai Route 19 , completed in 1975 , which serves as access to the Kona and Kohala Coast resorts . In the Hawaiian language , mauka means towards the mountain and makai means towards the sea . These terms are commonly used in travel directions . Parts of the southern half of the Hawaiʻi Belt Road were known during the Territorial days as the Kaʻū Belt Road . The names Hawaiʻi Belt Road and Māmalahoa Highway refer to the road system that encircles the entire island ; many sections are also referenced by local names .
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park , established on August 1 , 1916 , is an American national park located in the U.S. state of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii . The park encompasses two active volcanoes : Kīlauea , one of the world 's most active volcanoes , and Mauna Loa , the world 's most massive shield volcano . The park provides scientists with insight into the birth and development of the Hawaiian Islands , and ongoing studies into the processes of volcanism . For visitors , the park offers dramatic volcanic landscapes , as well as glimpses of rare flora and fauna . In recognition of its outstanding natural values , Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park was designated as an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980 and a World Heritage Site in 1987 . In 2012 , the park was depicted on the 14th quarter of the America the Beautiful Quarters series . On May 11 , 2018 , the park was closed to the public in the Kīlauea volcano summit area , including the visitor center and park headquarters , due to explosions and toxic ash clouds from Halemaʻumaʻu , as well as earthquakes and road damage . Portions of the park , including the visitor center , reopened to the public on September 22 , 2018 . As of 2019 [ update ] , most of the park is open ; however , some road segments and trails , the Thurston Lava Tube , and the Jaggar Museum of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory remain closed to visitors . Eruptive activity , ground collapses and explosions in the park ceased in early August of 2018 , and the lull in eruptive activity at Kīlauea continues .
The Shipman family leased 6,324 acres ( 2,559 ha ) of land near the Kīlauea volcano in 1937 from the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estate , which they called the Ainahou Ranch . The name ʻaina hou means new land . An older ranch called Keauhou ( not to be confused with the community of Keauhou , on the western side of the island ) had been established here in 1921 , so a primitive trail existed , and the Chain of Craters Road had recently been built within a few miles . Herbert C. Shipman built a house on the remote ranch in 1941 for the family as a refuge for the anticipated Japanese invasion of Hawaii . It was used as a working cattle ranch , raising beef for the military during World War II . After a tsunami in 1946 devastated the Puna Shipman property , killing half the endangered nēnē he was raising there , he built pens at Ainahou to continue raising them . After the war , it was estimated only about 30 birds existed in the wild . Herbert Shipman reintroduced two pairs to the Pohakuloa Training Area , and worked with British ornithologist Peter Scott to expand the breeding program to England , possibly saving the species from extinction . The shipman family also kept many exotic plants at the ranch , including some of the first orchids raised on the island . Herbert ( president of the Hawaii Orchid Society ) was awarded a gold medal in 1957 by the American Orchid Society for contributions to the industry . After being threatened by a lava flow in 1969 , the house was evacuated . The family reached an agreement for the National Park Service to purchase the land and house in 1971 to become part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park , under the authority of the Endangered Species Act .
Chain of Craters Road is a 19-mile ( 31 km ) long winding paved road through the East Rift and coastal area of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaii , in the state of Hawaii , United States . The original road , built in 1928 , connected Crater Rim Drive to Makaopuhi Crater . The road was lengthened to reach the tiny town of Kalapana in 1959 . As of 2018 , the road has had parts covered by lava in 41 of the past 53 years , due to eruptions of Kīlauea volcano .
World War II ( often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ) , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 . The vast majority of the world 's countries - including all the great powers - eventually formed two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . A state of total war emerged , directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries . The major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources . World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities , most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China . It included massacres , the genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , premeditated death from starvation and disease , and the only use of nuclear weapons in war . Japan , which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific , was at war with China by 1937 , [ b ] though neither side had declared war on the other . World War II is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 , with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . From late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa , and the Fall of France in mid 1940 , the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire . War in the Balkans , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz , and the long Battle of the Atlantic followed .
The nene ( Branta sandvicensis or sandwicensis ) , also known as nēnē and Hawaiian goose , is a species of bird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands . The official bird of the state of Hawaiʻi , the nene is exclusively found in the wild on the islands of Oahu , Maui , Kauaʻi , Molokai , and Hawaiʻi . The Hawaiian name nēnē comes from its soft call . The specific name sandvicensis refers to the Sandwich Islands , a former name for the Hawaiian Islands . It is thought that the nene evolved from the Canada goose ( Branta canadensis ) , which most likely arrived on the Hawaiian islands about 500,000 years ago , shortly after the island of Hawaiʻi was formed . This ancestor is the progenitor of the nene as well as the prehistoric Giant Hawaiʻi goose ( Branta rhuax ) and nēnē-nui ( Branta hylobadistes ) . The nēnē-nui was larger than the nene , varied from flightless to flighted depending on the individual , and inhabited the island of Maui . Similar fossil geese found on Oʻahu and Kauaʻi may be of the same species . The Giant Hawaiʻi goose was restricted to the island of Hawaiʻi and measured 1.2 m ( 3.9 ft ) in length with a mass of 8.6 kg ( 19 lb ) , making it more than four times larger than the nene . It is believed that the herbivorous Giant Hawaiʻi goose occupied the same ecological niche as the goose-like ducks known as moa-nalo , which were not present on the Big Island . Based on mitochondrial DNA found in fossils , all Hawaiian geese , living and dead , are closely related to the giant Canada goose ( B. c. maxima ) and dusky Canada goose ( B. c. occidentalis ) .
The Ainapo Trail was the primary route to the summit of Mauna Loa from prehistory to 1916 . The trail began on the southeast flank at 2000 feet of elevation and reached Mokuaweoweo , the summit crater , at 13,200 feet ( 4,000 m ) . It was sometimes called Menzies Trail after Archibald Menzies who was the first recorded outsider to climb the mountain in 1794 . The Ainapo Trail was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 30 , 1974 .
Mauna Loa ( /ˌmɔːnə ˈloʊ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnə ˈloʊ.ə/ ; Hawaiian : [ ˈmɐwnə ˈlowə ] ; English : Long Mountain ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean . The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume , Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth , dwarfed only by Tamu Massif . It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes , with a volume estimated at approximately 18,000 cubic miles ( 75,000 km3 ) , although its peak is about 125 feet ( 38 m ) lower than that of its neighbor , Mauna Kea . Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid , and they tend to be non-explosive . Mauna Loa has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years , and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago . The oldest-known dated rocks are not older than 200,000 years . The volcano 's magma comes from the Hawaii hotspot , which has been responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian island chain over tens of millions of years . The slow drift of the Pacific Plate will eventually carry Mauna Loa away from the hotspot within 500,000 to one million years from now , at which point it will become extinct . Mauna Loa 's most recent eruption occurred from March 24 to April 15 , 1984 . No recent eruptions of the volcano have caused fatalities , but eruptions in 1926 and 1950 destroyed villages , and the city of Hilo is partly built on lava flows from the late 19th century . Because of the potential hazards it poses to population centers , Mauna Loa is part of the Decade Volcanoes program , which encourages studies of the world 's most dangerous volcanoes . Mauna Loa has been monitored intensively by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 1912 .
Mauna Loa ( /ˌmɔːnə ˈloʊ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnə ˈloʊ.ə/ ; Hawaiian : [ ˈmɐwnə ˈlowə ] ; English : Long Mountain ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean . The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume , Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth , dwarfed only by Tamu Massif . It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes , with a volume estimated at approximately 18,000 cubic miles ( 75,000 km3 ) , although its peak is about 125 feet ( 38 m ) lower than that of its neighbor , Mauna Kea . Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid , and they tend to be non-explosive . Mauna Loa has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years , and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago . The oldest-known dated rocks are not older than 200,000 years . The volcano 's magma comes from the Hawaii hotspot , which has been responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian island chain over tens of millions of years . The slow drift of the Pacific Plate will eventually carry Mauna Loa away from the hotspot within 500,000 to one million years from now , at which point it will become extinct . Mauna Loa 's most recent eruption occurred from March 24 to April 15 , 1984 . No recent eruptions of the volcano have caused fatalities , but eruptions in 1926 and 1950 destroyed villages , and the city of Hilo is partly built on lava flows from the late 19th century . Because of the potential hazards it poses to population centers , Mauna Loa is part of the Decade Volcanoes program , which encourages studies of the world 's most dangerous volcanoes . Mauna Loa has been monitored intensively by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 1912 .
Hilo ( /ˈhiːloʊ/ ; Hawaiian pronunciation : [ ˈhilo ] ) is the largest town and census-designated place ( CDP ) in Hawaii County , Hawaii , United States , which encompasses the Island of Hawaiʻi . The population was 43,263 according to the 2010 census . Hilo is the county seat of the County of Hawaiʻi and is in the District of South Hilo . The town overlooks Hilo Bay , at the base of two shield volcanoes , Mauna Loa , an active volcano , and Mauna Kea , a dormant volcano . Mauna Kea is the site of some of the world 's most important ground-based astronomical observatories . Much of the city is at risk from lava flows from Mauna Loa , and the bayfront was twice destroyed by tsunamis . The majority of human settlement in Hilo stretches from Hilo Bay to Waiākea-Uka , on the flanks of the volcanoes . Hilo is home to the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo , ʻImiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaiʻi , as well as the Merrie Monarch Festival , a week-long celebration of ancient and modern hula that takes place annually after Easter . Hilo is also home to the Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation , one of the world 's leading producers of macadamia nuts . The town is served by Hilo International Airport .
Kīlauea ( /ˌkiːlaʊˈeɪə/ , US : /ˌkɪləˈweɪə/ ; Hawaiian : [ kiːlɐwˈwɛjə ] ) is an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands that last erupted between 1983 and 2018 . Historically , Kīlauea is the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaiʻi . Located along the southeastern shore of the island , the volcano is between 210,000 and 280,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago . It is the second youngest product of the Hawaiian hotspot and the current eruptive center of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain . Because it lacks topographic prominence and its activities historically coincided with those of Mauna Loa , Kīlauea was once thought to be a satellite of its much larger neighbor . Structurally , Kīlauea has a large , fairly recently formed caldera at its summit and two active rift zones , one extending 125 km ( 78 mi ) east and the other 35 km ( 22 mi ) west , as an active fault of unknown depth moving vertically an average of 2 to 20 mm ( 0.1 to 0.8 in ) per year . Kīlauea erupted nearly continuously from 1983 to 2018 , causing considerable property damage , including the destruction of the towns of Kalapana and Kaimū along with the renowned black sand beach , in 1990 . During the 2018 lower Puna eruption , two dozen lava vents erupted downrift from the summit in Puna . The eruption was accompanied by a strong earthquake on May 4 of Mw 6.9 , and nearly 2,000 residents were evacuated from the rural Leilani Estates subdivision and nearby areas . On May 17 , 2018 the volcano explosively erupted at the summit in Halemaʻumaʻu , throwing ash 30,000 feet into the air . Continued explosive activity at the summit caused a months-long closure of the Kīlauea section of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park . Vigorous eruptive lava fountains in lower Puna sent destructive rivers of molten rock into the ocean in three places .
Volcano House is the name of a series of historic hotels built at the edge of Kīlauea , within the grounds of Hawai ' i Volcanoes National Park on the Island of Hawai ' i . The original 1877 building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now houses the Volcano Art Center . The hotel in use today was built in 1941 and expanded in 1961 . Between May 2018 and October 2018 , the hotel and the Kīlauea summit area of the national park were closed to the public due to volcanic explosions and earthquakes .
Volcano House is the name of a series of historic hotels built at the edge of Kīlauea , within the grounds of Hawai ' i Volcanoes National Park on the Island of Hawai ' i . The original 1877 building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now houses the Volcano Art Center . The hotel in use today was built in 1941 and expanded in 1961 . Between May 2018 and October 2018 , the hotel and the Kīlauea summit area of the national park were closed to the public due to volcanic explosions and earthquakes .
The Puna-Kāʻu Historic District is an archaeological district located on the Puna-Kāʻu coastline in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park . The district includes over 300 sites occupied by Polynesians from the 13th through 19th centuries . Eleven of the sites within the district are considered exceptionally significant to modern understanding of native Hawaiian culture and have been the focus of most archaeological research in the area . Five of these sites are villages , at Poupou-Kauka , Kailiili , Kamoamoa , Laeʻapuki , Keahou Landing ; these village sites provide insight into the agricultural and social practices of the Polynesians . The Puna-Kāʻu coastal trail , another one of the significant sites , connected these villages and provided a link to communities in the mountains . The remaining sites include the Wahaulu Heiau temple , the Puuloa petroglyph site , a pulu factory , and two shelter sites used by fishermen and opihi pickers . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 1 , 1974 . In addition , the Historic Hawaii Foundation created a list of historic places , including the Puna-Kāʻu Historic District , as a service to preserve the Hawaiian people 's history and culture .
Pahala ( Hawaiian : Pāhala ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Hawaii County , Hawaii , United States . The population was 1,356 at the 2010 census .
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory ( HVO ) is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kīlauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaiʻi . The observatory monitored four active Hawaiian volcanoes : Kīlauea , Mauna Loa , Hualālai , and Haleakalā . Because Kīlauea and Mauna Loa are significantly more active than Hualālai and Haleakalā , much of the observatory 's research is concentrated on the former two mountains . The observatory has a worldwide reputation as a leader in the study of active volcanism . Due to the relatively non-explosive nature of Hawaiian volcanic eruptions for many years , scientists could study ongoing eruptions in proximity without being in extreme danger . Located at the main site was the public Thomas A. Jaggar Museum . In May 2018 the facility was closed and the property evacuated due to collapse explosions at Halemaʻumaʻu and earthquakes related to the 2018 lower Puna eruption that also led to the closure of the Kīlauea unit of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park . While portions of the park were reopened in September , it is unclear when the Observatory and Museum will be able to reopen as well .
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory ( HVO ) is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kīlauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaiʻi . The observatory monitored four active Hawaiian volcanoes : Kīlauea , Mauna Loa , Hualālai , and Haleakalā . Because Kīlauea and Mauna Loa are significantly more active than Hualālai and Haleakalā , much of the observatory 's research is concentrated on the former two mountains . The observatory has a worldwide reputation as a leader in the study of active volcanism . Due to the relatively non-explosive nature of Hawaiian volcanic eruptions for many years , scientists could study ongoing eruptions in proximity without being in extreme danger . Located at the main site was the public Thomas A. Jaggar Museum . In May 2018 the facility was closed and the property evacuated due to collapse explosions at Halemaʻumaʻu and earthquakes related to the 2018 lower Puna eruption that also led to the closure of the Kīlauea unit of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park . While portions of the park were reopened in September , it is unclear when the Observatory and Museum will be able to reopen as well .
Thomas Augustus Jaggar , Jr. ( January 24 , 1871 - January 17 , 1953 ) was an American volcanologist . He founded the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and directed it from 1912 to 1940 .
Mauna Loa ( /ˌmɔːnə ˈloʊ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnə ˈloʊ.ə/ ; Hawaiian : [ ˈmɐwnə ˈlowə ] ; English : Long Mountain ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean . The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume , Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth , dwarfed only by Tamu Massif . It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes , with a volume estimated at approximately 18,000 cubic miles ( 75,000 km3 ) , although its peak is about 125 feet ( 38 m ) lower than that of its neighbor , Mauna Kea . Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid , and they tend to be non-explosive . Mauna Loa has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years , and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago . The oldest-known dated rocks are not older than 200,000 years . The volcano 's magma comes from the Hawaii hotspot , which has been responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian island chain over tens of millions of years . The slow drift of the Pacific Plate will eventually carry Mauna Loa away from the hotspot within 500,000 to one million years from now , at which point it will become extinct . Mauna Loa 's most recent eruption occurred from March 24 to April 15 , 1984 . No recent eruptions of the volcano have caused fatalities , but eruptions in 1926 and 1950 destroyed villages , and the city of Hilo is partly built on lava flows from the late 19th century . Because of the potential hazards it poses to population centers , Mauna Loa is part of the Decade Volcanoes program , which encourages studies of the world 's most dangerous volcanoes . Mauna Loa has been monitored intensively by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 1912 .
Charles Wilkes ( April 3 , 1798 - February 8 , 1877 ) was an American naval officer , ship 's captain , and explorer . He led the United States Exploring Expedition , 1838-1842 . His behavior led to two convictions by court-martial , one stemming from the massacre of almost 80 Fijians on Malolo in 1840 . During the American Civil War ( 1861-1865 ) he commanded USS San Jacinto during the Trent Affair , where he stopped a Royal Mail Ship and removed two British subjects , which almost led to war between the US and the UK .