List of youngest state leaders since 1900
Non-royal leaders
Table:
Name

State

Position

Born

Assumed office

Age

Notes

Jean-Claude Duvalier

Haiti

President

1951

1971

19

Became president after his father's death.

Valentine Strasser

Sierra Leone

President

1967

1992

25

Michel Micombero

Burundi

Prime Minister

1940

1966

25

Later became President in 1966 at 26.

Dogsomyn Bodoo

Mongolia

Prime Minister

1895

1921

26

Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini

San Marino

Captain Regent

1954

1981

26

Ahmet Zogu

Albania

Prime Minister

1895

1922

27

Prime minister and President at 29. Became King of Albania in 1928 at 32.

Muammar Gaddafi

Libya

Leader of the Revolution

1942

1969

27

Gloriana Ranocchini

San Marino

Captain Regent

1957

1984

27

Giovanni Lonfernini

San Marino

Captain Regent

1976

2003

27

Abdessalam Jalloud

Libya

Prime Minister

1944

1972

27

Andrea Zafferani

San Marino

Captain Regent

1982

2010

27

Matteo Ciacci

San Marino

Captain Regent

1990

2018

27

Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum

United Arab Emirates

Prime Minister

1943

1971

28

Vanessa D'Ambrosio

San Marino

Captain Regent

1988

2017

28

Mario Frick

Liechtenstein

Prime Minister

1965

1993

28

Kim Jong-un

North Korea

Supreme Leader

1983

2011

28

Became de facto leader after his father's death.

Giuliano Gozi

San Marino

Captain Regent

1894

1923

28

Ieremia Tabai

Kiribati

President

1950

1979

28

Served as colonial Chief Minister since 1978.

Samuel Doe

Liberia

President

1951

1980

28

Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren

Mongolia

Chairman of the Presidium

1898

1927

29

Considering the following table and the supporting text listed below.

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Jean-Claude Duvalier ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʒɑ̃klod dyvalje ] ) , nicknamed Baby Doc ( Haitian Creole : Bebe Dòk ; 3 July 1951 - 4 October 2014 ) , was a Haitian politician who was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986 . He succeeded his father François Papa Doc Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after his death in 1971 . After assuming power , he introduced cosmetic changes to his father 's regime and delegated much authority to his advisors . Thousands of Haitians were killed or tortured , and hundreds of thousands fled the country during his presidency . He maintained a notoriously lavish lifestyle ( including a state-sponsored US $ 2 million wedding in 1980 ) while poverty among his people remained the most widespread of any country in the Western Hemisphere . Relations with the United States improved after Duvalier 's ascension to the presidency , and later deteriorated under the Carter administration , only to again improve under Ronald Reagan due to the strong anti-communist stance of the Duvaliers . Rebellion against the Duvalier regime broke out in 1985 and Baby Doc fled to France in 1986 on a U.S. Air Force flight . Duvalier unexpectedly returned to Haiti on 16 January 2011 , after two decades in self-imposed exile in France . The following day , he was arrested by Haitian police , facing possible charges for embezzlement . On 18 January , Duvalier was charged with corruption . On 28 February 2013 , Duvalier pleaded not guilty to charges of corruption and human rights abuse . He died of a heart attack on 4 October 2014 , at the age of 63 .
Haiti ( /ˈheɪti/ ( listen ) ; French : Haïti [ a.iti ] ; Haitian Creole : Ayiti [ ajiti ] ) , officially the Republic of Haiti ( French : République d'Haïti ; Haitian Creole : Repiblik D Ayiti ) and formerly called Hayti , [ note 1 ] is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea , to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands . It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic . To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island , which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration . Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers ( 10,714 sq mi ) in size and has an estimated population of 11.1 million , making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba . The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people , who migrated from South America . The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus , who initially believed he had found India or China . Columbus subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas , La Navidad , on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti . The island was claimed by Spain and named La Española , forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century . However , competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France in 1697 , which was subsequently named Saint-Domingue . French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations , worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa , which made the colony one of the richest in the world . In the midst of the French Revolution ( 1789-99 ) , slaves and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution ( 1791-1804 ) , led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army , Toussaint Louverture . After 12 years of conflict , Napoleon Bonaparte 's forces were defeated by Louverture 's successor , Jean-Jacques Dessalines ( later Emperor Jacques I ) , who declared Haiti 's sovereignty on 1 January 1804 - the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean , the second republic in the Americas , the first country to abolish slavery , and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt .
The President of Haiti ( French : Président d'Haïti , Haitian Creole : Prezidan peyi Ayiti ) , officially called the President of the Republic of Haiti ( French : Président de la République d'Haïti , Haitian Creole : Prezidan peyi Repiblik Ayiti ) is the head of state of Haiti . Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti . [ A133 ] The current president is Jovenel Moïse , who took office on February 7 , 2017 .
Valentine Esegragbo Melvine Strasser ( born 26 April 1967 ) is an ex-military leader who served as head of state of Sierra Leone from 1992 to 1996 . He had been a junior military officer but in 1992 , he became the world 's youngest Head of State when he seized power three days after his 25th birthday . He was the leading member in a group of six young Sierra Leonean soldiers who overthrew president Joseph Saidu Momoh in the 29 April 1992 military coup . They established a military junta called the National Provisional Ruling Council ( NPRC ) . On January 1996 , after nearly four years in power , Strasser was ousted in a second military coup , but this time it was his own NPRC soldiers who were not satisfied with his handling of the peace process . The coup was led by his deputy , Brigadier General Julius Maada Bio . Strasser is the first , and one of two Sierra Leonean Heads of State ( the other is Julius Maada Bio ) born after Sierra Leone had become an Independent nation . He is also the second Sierra Leonean Head of State from the Krio ethnic group . Strasser was born and raised in the neighbourhood of Allen Town in the east end of Sierra Leone 's capital Freetown to Creole parents . Strasser enlisted in the Republic of Sierra Leone Military Forces ( RSLMF ) at age eighteen , immediately after graduating from secondary school .
Sierra Leone ( /siˌɛrə liˈoʊn ( i ) / ( listen ) , also UK : /siˌɛərə -/ , US : /ˌsɪərə -/ ) , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone , informally Salone , is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa . It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea to the northeast . Sierra Leone has a tropical climate , with a diverse environment ranging from savanna to rainforests , and a total area of 71,740 km2 ( 27,699 sq mi ) and a population of 7,075,641 as of the 2015 census . The capital and largest city is Freetown . Sierra Leone is divided into five administrative regions , which are further subdivided into sixteen districts . Sierra Leone was a British Crown Colony from 1808 to April 27 , 1961 , when it achieved independence from Britain as Milton Margai became the country 's first Prime Minister . Milton Margai 's political party , the Sierra Leone People 's Party ( SLPP ) , under the leadership of Albert Margai , narrowly lost the 1967 Sierra Leone parliamentary elections to the main opposition party , the All People 's Congress ( APC ) , led by Siaka Stevens . Stevens , a political strongman , ruled Sierra Leone from 1967 to 1985 when he retired from politics due to poor health . On 19 April 1971 , Stevens ' government abolished Sierra Leone 's parliamentary government system and declared Sierra Leone a presidential republic . From 1978 to 1985 , president Stevens APC party was the only legal political party in Sierra Leone . The current multiparty democratic constitution of Sierra Leone was adopted in 1991 by the government of President Joseph Saidu Momoh , Stevens ' hand picked successor , just as the rebel group Revolutionary United Front , led by former imprisoned Sierra Leone army officer Foday Sankoh , launched a brutal civil war in the country . On 29 April 1992 , a group of Junior soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army led by a 25 year old Captain Valentine Strasser overthrew President Momoh , and Sierra Leone was under Military rule from 1992 to 1996 during the civil war .
The President of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone , as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces . As the head of the executive branch of the Sierra Leone government , the president implements laws passed by parliament . The president has influence especially over members of the party of the President in the legislative branch of Parliament . The president constitutionally appoints judges of the Sierra Leone Judicial branch , including judges of the high court , the court of appeals and the Supreme Court . The president heads a Cabinet of ministers , which must be approved by the Parliament . The president is the most powerful , and the most influential person in the Government of Sierra Leone .
General Michel Micombero ( 26 August 1940 - 16 July 1983 ) was a Burundian politician and soldier who ruled the country as its first president and de facto dictator for the decade between 1966 and 1976 . Micombero was an ethnic Tutsi who began his career as an officer in the Burundian army at the time of Burundi 's independence in 1962 . He studied abroad and was given a ministerial portfolio on his return . He rose to prominence for his role in helping to crush an attempted coup d'état in October 1965 by ethnic Hutu soldiers against the country 's monarchy , itself Tutsi . In its aftermath , in 1965 and 1966 , Micombero himself instigated two further coups against the monarchy which he perceived as too moderate . The first coup forced the incumbent king into exile , propelling Micombero to the role of prime minister . The second abolished the monarchy itself , bringing Micombero to power as the first president of the new Republic of Burundi . Micombero ruled Burundi as a military dictator from 1966 . He led a one-party state which centralised the country 's institutions and adopted a neutral stance in the Cold War . Dissent was repressed and , in 1972 , an attempt to challenge Micombero 's power led to genocidal violence against the Hutu population in which around 100,000 people , mainly Hutus , were killed . His regime finally collapsed in 1976 when he was ousted in a coup d'état by another army officer Jean-Baptiste Bagaza , who installed himself as president . Micombero went into exile in Somalia where he died in 1983 .
Burundi ( /bəˈrʊndi/ ( listen ) , /-ˈrʌn-/ ) , officially the Republic of Burundi ( Kirundi : Republika y'Uburundi , [ u.βu.ɾǔː.ndi ] ; French : République du Burundi , [ buʁundi ] or [ byʁyndi ] ) , is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge . It is bordered by Rwanda to the north , Tanzania to the east and southeast , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border . The capital is Bujumbura . The Twa , Hutu and Tutsi peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years . For more than 200 of those years , Burundi was an independent kingdom , until the beginning of the 20th century , when Germany colonised the region . After the First World War and Germany 's defeat , it ceded the territory to Belgium . Both Germans and Belgians ruled Burundi and Rwanda as a European colony known as Ruanda-Urundi . Despite common misconceptions , Burundi and Rwanda had never been under common rule until the time of European colonisation . Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially had a monarchy , but a series of assassinations , coups and a general climate of regional instability culminated in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966 . Bouts of ethnic cleansing and ultimately two civil wars and genocides during the 1970s and again in the 1990s left the economy undeveloped and the population as one of the world 's poorest . The presidents of Rwanda and Burundi , both Hutus , died together when their aeroplane was shot down in April 1994 . 2015 witnessed large-scale political strife as President Pierre Nkurunziza opted to run for a third term in office , a coup attempt failed and the country 's parliamentary and presidential elections were broadly criticised by members of the international community .
This article lists the prime ministers of Burundi since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Burundi in 1961 , to its abolition in 1998 . A total of fourteen people have served as Prime Minister of Burundi ( not counting one Acting Prime Minister ) . Additionally , two persons , Pierre Ngendandumwe and Albin Nyamoya , have served on two non-consecutive occasions .
Dogsomyn Bodoo ( Mongolian : Догсомын Бодоо ; July 1 , 1895 - August 31 , 1922 ) was a prominent early 20th century Mongolian politician who was one of the founding members of the Mongolian People 's Revolutionary Party . He was elected leader of the provisional revolutionary government and following the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921 became the country 's first Prime Minister from July 1921 to January 1922 . A power struggle led to his resignation on January 7 , 1922 . He was subsequently charged with treason for conspiring to overthrow the government , and was executed on August 31 , 1922 .
Mongolia [ a ] is a landlocked country in East Asia . Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical territory of Outer Mongolia , and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state . It is sandwiched between Russia to the north and China to the south , where it neighbours the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region . Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan , although only 37 kilometres ( 23 mi ) separate them . At 1,564,116 square kilometres ( 603,909 sq mi ) , Mongolia is the 18th-largest and the most sparsely populated sovereign state in the world , with a population of around three million people . It is also the world 's second-largest landlocked country behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea . The country contains very little arable land , as much of its area is covered by grassy steppe , with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south . Ulaanbaatar , the capital and largest city , is home to about 45% of the country 's population . Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world 's coldest capital city with Moscow , Ottawa , and Nur-Sultan . Approximately 30% of the population is nomadic or semi-nomadic ; horse culture is still integral . The majority of its population are Buddhists . The non-religious population is the second-largest group .
The Prime Minister of Mongolia ( Mongolian : Монгол Улсын Ерөнхий Сайд , Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhii Said ) is the head of government , and heads the Mongolian cabinet . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Mongolia , and can be removed by the State Great Hural with a vote of no confidence .
Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini ( born 15 July [ citation needed ] 1954 ) served as a Captain Regent of San Marino from April 1 , 1981 to October 1 , 1981 . She served with Gastone Pasolini . She was the first female head of state of San Marino and , at age 26 , one of the youngest . She later served as Director in the Ministry of Government and Foreign Affairs , and has been non-resident Ambassador in the Ministry to France , Denmark , Sweden , Norway and Hungary .
San Marino ( /ˌsæn məˈriːnoʊ/ ( listen ) , Italian : [ sam maˈriːno ] ) , officially the Republic of San Marino ( Italian : Repubblica di San Marino ) , also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( Italian : Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino ) , is an enclave microstate in Southern Europe , on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains , completely surrounded by Italy . It is just over 61 km2 ( 24 sq mi ) , with a population of 33,562 . Its capital is the City of San Marino and its largest settlement is Dogana in the municipality of Serravalle . San Marino has the smallest population of any member of the Council of Europe . The official language is Italian , and San Marino maintains strong financial and ethno-cultural connections to its much larger neighbour . It is located close to the riviera of Rimini , one of Italy 's main coastal resort areas . The country derives its name from Saint Marinus , a stonemason from the Roman colony on the island of Rab , in modern-day Croatia . In AD 257 , [ clarification needed ] Marinus , according to legend , participated in the reconstruction of Rimini 's city walls after their destruction by Liburnian pirates . Marinus then went on to found an independent monastic community on Monte Titano in AD 301 ; thus , San Marino lays claim to be the oldest extant sovereign state as well as the oldest constitutional republic . The nation is governed by the Constitution of San Marino ( Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini ) , a series of six books written in Latin in the late 16th century , that dictate the country 's political system , among other matters . San Marino is considered to have the earliest written governing documents still in effect . The country 's economy mainly relies on finance , industry , [ which ? ]
The captains regent ( Italian : Capitani reggenti ) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino . They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council , the country 's legislative body . Normally the Regents are chosen from opposing parties and they serve a six-month term . The investiture of the captains regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year . This tradition dates back to 1243 . The practice of dual heads of government ( diarchy ) is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic , equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome .
Zog I , King of the Albanians ( Albanian : Naltmadhnija e tij Zogu I , Mbreti i Shqiptarëve , IPA : [ ˈzɔɡu ] ; 8 October 1895 - 9 April 1961 ) , born Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli , taking the surname Zogu in 1922 , was the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939 . He first served as Prime Minister of Albania ( 1922-1924 ) , then as President ( 1925-1928 ) , and finally as the first and only King ( 1928-1939 ) .
Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .
The prime minister of Albania ( Albanian : Kryeministri i Shqipërisë ) , officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë ) , is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics . The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings . The prime minister is appointed by the president of Albania after each general election and must have the confidence of the Parliament of Albania to stay in office . The Council is responsible for carrying out both foreign and domestic policies . It directs and controls the activities of the ministries and other state organs . The prime minister is elected on the basis of universal suffrage , through a secret ballot , for a four-year term . The Constitution of Albania sets no limit as to office terms of the prime minister . The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama of the Socialist Party who was elected on 23 June 2013 and started his first four-year-term on 15 September 2013 .
Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi [ b ] ( c. 1942 - October 20 , 2011 ) , commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi , was a Libyan revolutionary , politician , and political theorist . He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 , and then as the Brother Leader of the Great Socialist People 's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011 . He was initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism but later ruled according to his own Third International Theory . Born near Sirte , Italian Libya , to a poor Bedouin family , Gaddafi became an Arab nationalist while at school in Sabha , later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy , Benghazi . Within the military , he founded a revolutionary group which deposed the Western-backed Senussi monarchy of Idris in a 1969 coup . Having taken power , Gaddafi converted Libya into a republic governed by his Revolutionary Command Council . Ruling by decree , he deported Libya 's Italian and Jewish populations and ejected its Western military bases . Strengthening ties to Arab nationalist governments - particularly Gamal Abdel Nasser 's Egypt - he unsuccessfully advocated pan-Arab political union . An Islamic modernist , he introduced sharia as the basis for the legal system and promoted Islamic socialism . He nationalized the oil industry and used the increasing state revenues to bolster the military , fund foreign revolutionaries , and implement social programs emphasizing house-building , healthcare and education projects . In 1973 , he initiated a Popular Revolution with the formation of Basic People 's Congresses , presented as a system of direct democracy , but retained personal control over major decisions . He outlined his Third International Theory that year , publishing these ideas in The Green Book .
Libya ( /ˈlɪbiə/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : ليبيا , romanized : Lībiyā ) , officially the State of Libya ( Arabic : دولة ليبيا , romanized : Dawlat Lībiyā ) , [ dubious - discuss ] is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa , bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , Egypt to the east , Sudan to the southeast , Chad to the south , Niger to the southwest , Algeria to the west , and Tunisia to the northwest . The sovereign state is made of three historical regions : Tripolitania , Fezzan and Cyrenaica . With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres ( 700,000 sq mi ) , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa , and is the 16th largest country in the world . Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world . The largest city and capital , Tripoli , is located in western Libya and contains over one million of Libya 's six million people . The second-largest city is Benghazi , which is located in eastern Libya . The Latin name Libya is based on the name the region west of the Nile ( Λιβύη ) used by the Ancient Greeks and Romans for all of North Africa , and was first adopted during the Italian colonization since 1911 . Libya has been inhabited by Berbers since the late Bronze Age as descendants from Iberomaurusian and Capsian cultures . The Phoenicians established trading posts in western Libya , and ancient Greek colonists established city-states in eastern Libya . Libya was variously ruled by Carthaginians , Persians , Egyptians and Greeks before becoming a part of the Roman Empire . Libya was an early centre of Christianity . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , the area of Libya was mostly occupied by the Vandals until the 7th century , when invasions brought Islam to the region .
This article lists the heads of state of Libya since the country 's independence in 1951 .
Gloriana Ranocchini ( 1957 ) was Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1984 to 1 October 1984 and 1 October 1989 to 1 April 1990 . In 1984 she was co-regent with Giorgio Crescentini . In 1989 Leo Achilli was her co-regent . She was a member of the Sammarinese Socialist Party .
Giovanni Lonfernini ( born 2 October 1976 ) was captain regent of San Marino for the semester from October 2003 to March 2004 . He is of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party , and his co-captain-regent was Valeria Ciavatta . Lonfernini was the second captain regent of this name , the previous one having served in 1934 , 1937 , and 1941 ; see List of Captains Regent of San Marino .
Abdessalam Jalloud ( Arabic : عبد السلام جلود ) ( born 15 December 1944 ) was Prime Minister of Libya from 16 July 1972 to 2 March 1977 , during the government of Muammar Gaddafi . He was also Minister of Finance from 1970 until 1972 .
This article lists the heads of government of Libya since the country 's independence in 1951 .
Andrea Zafferani ( born 19 December 1982 ) is a Sammarinese politician , who was a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Giovanni Francesco Ugolini for the semester from 1 October 2010 to 1 April 2011 .
Matteo Ciacci ( born 5 May 1990 ) is a Sammarinese politician , who served as one of the Captains Regent , alongside with Stefano Palmieri . He took office on 1 April 2018 and served until 1 October 2018 . He worked as an official and sports manager . Ciacci graduated in law from the University of Urbino . In time of his service , he was the youngest serving state leader in the world , being the first to be born after the fall of the Berlin Wall .
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum ( ca . 1941 - 4 January 2006 ) ( Arabic : مكتوم بن راشد آل مكتوم ; Maktūm bin Rāshid Āl Maktūm ) , also referred to as Sheikh Maktoum ( honorific ) was the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the emir ( ruler ) of Dubai .
The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ; Arabic : الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyyah al-Muttaḥidah ) , sometimes simply called the Emirates ( Arabic : الإمارات al-ʾImārāt ) , is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi ( which serves as the capital ) , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain . Their boundaries are complex , with numerous enclaves within the various emirates . Each emirate is governed by a ruler ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha , Sharjah . Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais . Known as Magan to the Sumerians , the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period , which traded between the Indus Valley , Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran , Bactria and the Levant . The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior . The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba . The UAE 's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar , in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area .
The prime minister of the United Arab Emirates is the head of government of the United Arab Emirates . While not required by the UAE constitution , the practice is that the emir of Dubai serve as the prime minister and vice president of the UAE . The first prime minister , Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , took office on 9 December 1971 . He left office on 25 April 1979 and was succeeded by his father Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum , the vice president of the United Arab Emirates . Every prime minister since has also held the title of vice president . Upon the death of Sheikh Rashid Al Maktoum on 7 October 1990 , his son Sheikh Maktoum Al Maktoum became prime minister for a second time . Upon Sheikh Maktoum Al Maktoum 's death on 11 February 2006 while on a visit to the Gold Coast of Australia , his younger brother Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum , the current prime minister , succeeded him . The UAE 's prime minister chairs the Council of Ministers , which meets once a week in the capital , Abu Dhabi .
Vanessa D'Ambrosio ( born 26 April 1988 ) was Captain Regent of San Marino , serving from April until October 2017 ( alongside Mimma Zavoli ) .
Mario K. Frick ( born 8 May 1965 ) is a former Head of Government ( Regierungschef ) of Liechtenstein ( December 15 , 1993 - April 5 , 2001 ) and attorney-at-law .
Liechtenstein ( /ˈlɪktənstaɪn/ ( listen ) LIK-tən-styne ; German : [ ˈlɪçtn̩ʃtaɪn ] ) , officially the Principality of Liechtenstein ( German : Fürstentum Liechtenstein ) , is a German-speaking microstate situated in the Alps and in the southwest of Central Europe . The principality is a semi-constitutional monarchy headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein ; the Prince 's extensive powers are equivalent to those of a President in a semi-presidential system . Liechtenstein is bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and Austria to the east and north . It is Europe 's fourth-smallest country , with an area of just over 160 square kilometres ( 62 square miles ) and a population of 38,557 . Divided into 11 municipalities , its capital is Vaduz , and its largest municipality is Schaan . It is also the smallest country to border two countries . Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan are the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world . Economically , Liechtenstein has one of the highest gross domestic products per person in the world when adjusted for purchasing power parity . It was once known as a billionaire tax haven , but is no longer on any blacklists of uncooperative tax haven countries . An Alpine country , Liechtenstein is mountainous , making it a winter sport destination . The country has a strong financial sector centered in Vaduz . Liechtenstein is a member of the United Nations , the European Free Trade Association , and the Council of Europe , and although not a member of the European Union , it participates in both the Schengen Area and the European Economic Area .
This is a list of the Regierungschef ( Heads of Government or Prime Ministers ) of Liechtenstein . The current head of government is Adrian Hasler , since 27 March 2013 .
Kim Jong-un ( officially transcribed Kim Jong Un ; Korean : 김정은 ; Korean pronunciation : [ kim.dzɔŋ.ɯn ] ; [ a ] born 8 January 1983 or 1984 ) is a North Korean politician who has been the Supreme Leader of North Korea since 2011 and chairman of the Workers ' Party of Korea since 2012 . He is the second child of Kim Jong-il ( 1941-2011 ) , who was North Korea 's second leader from 1994 to 2011 , and Ko Yong-hui ( 1952-2004 ) . He is the grandson of Kim Il-sung , who was the founder and led North Korea from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994 . From late 2010 , Kim Jong-un was viewed as heir apparent to the leadership of North Korea , and following the elder Kim 's death , North Korean state television announced him as the Great Successor . Kim holds the titles of Chairman of the Workers ' Party of Korea ( as First Secretary between 2012 and 2016 ) , Chairman of the Central Military Commission , Chairman of the State Affairs Commission , commander-in-chief ( as SAC chairman ) , and member of the Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers ' Party of Korea , the highest decision-making body in North Korea . Kim was promoted to the rank of Marshal of North Korea in the Korean People 's Army on 18 July 2012 , consolidating his position as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces . North Korean state media often refers to him as Marshal Kim Jong-un , the Marshal or Dear Respected . Kim rules a dictatorship where elections are not free and fair , government critics are persecuted , media is controlled by the regime , internet access is limited by the regime , and there is no freedom of religion . His regime operates an extensive network of prisons and labor camps ; the regime convicts people for political crimes and uses collective punishment whereby members of a family get punished for the crimes of one person . According to the United Nations , North Koreans live under systematic , widespread and gross human rights violations where the regime seeks to dominate every aspect of its citizens lives and terrorizes them from within . The regime exerts extensive control over the North Korean economy , with substantial state-controlled economic enterprises and significant restrictions on North Koreans ' ability to engage in foreign economic activity . On 12 December 2013 , Kim ordered the execution of his uncle Jang Song-thaek for treachery .
North Korea ( Korean : 조선 ; MR : Chosŏn or literally 북조선 ; MR : Pukchosŏn ) , officially the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK or DPR Korea ; Korean : 조선민주주의인민공화국 , Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk ) , is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula , with Pyongyang as its capital and the largest city in the country . To the north and northwest , the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok ( known as the Yalu in Chinese ) and Tumen rivers , and to the south , it is bordered by South Korea , with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone ( DMZ ) separating the two . Nevertheless , North Korea , like its southern counterpart , claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands . In 1910 , Korea was annexed by Imperial Japan . At the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II in 1945 , Korea was divided into two zones , with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States . Negotiations on reunification failed , and in 1948 , separate governments were formed : the socialist Democratic People 's Republic of Korea in the north , and the capitalist Republic of Korea in the south . An invasion initiated by North Korea led to the Korean War ( 1950-1953 ) . The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire , but no peace treaty was signed . North Korea officially describes itself as a self-reliant socialist state , and formally holds elections , though they have been described by outside observers as sham elections . Outside observers also generally view North Korea as a Stalinist dictatorship , particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around the Kim dynasty . The Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) , led by a member of the ruling family , holds absolute power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members . Juche , an ideology of national self-reliance , was introduced into the constitution in 1972 .
This article lists the political leaders of North Korea , officially the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) . At the end of World War II , the Soviet Union occupied the northern half of Korea and in 1946 established the Provisional People 's Committee for North Korea chaired by Kim Il-sung . On 9 September 1948 , the DPRK was proclaimed , also led by Kim Il-sung . The supreme leaders of the DPRK have been Kim Il-sung , his son Kim Jong-il , and his grandson Kim Jong-un . In this role they have not held consistent titles , though they were each leaders of the Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) - titled as Chairman from 1948 to 1966 , General Secretary from 1966 to 2011 , First Secretary from 2011 to 2016 , and finally Chairman again since 2016 - for almost all of their period in power . Even though they have the appearance of a dynasty , succession is informal . From 1948 to 1972 , the nominal head of state was the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People 's Assembly ( SPA ) . In 1972 , the constitution was amended to create an executive presidency . Kim Il-sung , who had served as Premier of North Korea since the DPRK 's inception , was unanimously elected President of North Korea by the Supreme People 's Assembly on December 28 . He held this office until his death on 8 July 1994 when he was proclaimed the eternal President of the Republic . Since then , the practical functions of the head of state have been exercised by the President of the Presidium of the SPA . [ needs update ] After the death of Kim Il-sung , his son Kim Jong-il was understood to have inherited his father 's near-absolute control over the country .
Giuliano Gozi ( 7 August 1894 - 18 January 1955 ) was Captain-Regent of San Marino 5 times between April 1923 and April 1942 . He also served as foreign minister from 1917 until 1943 . When Italy entered World War I in 1915 , he joined the Royal Italian Army , and rose to the rank of lieutenant . He was a recipient of the Gold Medal of Military Valour . As founder and leader of the Sammarinese Fascist Party ( the only legal party ) , he was the de facto leader of the country from the early 1920s until the end of World War II , when he retired from politics . A previous Giuliano Gozi was also Captain Regent of San Marino for the following dates :
Ieremia Tienang Tabai GCMG AO ( modern orthography - Tabwai ) , born 16 December 1949 , was a Kiribatian politician who served as the first Beretitenti ( President ) of the Republic of Kiribati . During his presidency he was described as being the most able leader of the Pacific island states .
Kiribati ( /ˌkɪrɪˈbæs , -ˈbɑːti/ ) , officially the Republic of Kiribati ( Gilbertese : Ribaberiki Kiribati ) , is a country in the central Pacific Ocean . The permanent population is just over 110,000 ( 2015 ) , more than half of whom live on Tarawa atoll . The state comprises 32 atolls and one raised coral island , Banaba . They have a total land area of 800 square kilometres ( 310 sq mi ) and are dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres ( 1.3 million square miles ) . In terms with its Exclusive Economic Zone in the Pacific , it straddles all three primary geographic regions ; Banaba ( Melanesian-Micronesian Border ) , the Gilbert Islands ( Micronesia ) and the Line and Phoenix Islands ( Polynesia ) . Their spread straddles the equator and the 180th meridian , although the International Date Line goes round Kiribati and swings far to the east , almost reaching the 150°W meridian . This brings the Line Islands into the same day as the Kiribati Islands . Kiribati 's easternmost islands , the southern Line Islands , south of Hawaii , have the most advanced time on Earth : UTC+14 hours . Kiribati is the only country in the world to be situated in all four hemispheres . Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom , becoming a sovereign state in 1979 . The capital , South Tarawa , now the most populated area , consists of a number of islets , connected by a series of causeways . These comprise about half the area of Tarawa Atoll .
The president of Kiribati ( Beretitenti in I-Kiribati ) is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati . Following a general election , by which citizens elect the members of the House of Assembly , members select from their midst not less than 3 nor more than 4 candidates for the presidency . No other person may stand as candidate . The citizens of Kiribati then elect the president from among the proposed candidates with first-past-the-post voting .
Samuel Kanyon Doe ( May 6 , 1951 - September 9 , 1990 ) was a Liberian politician who served as the Liberian leader from 1980 to 1990 , first as a military leader and later as a politician . While a master sergeant in the Armed Forces of Liberia ( AFL ) , Doe staged a violent coup d'etat in April 1980 that left him de facto head of state . During the coup , then president William Tolbert , and much of the True Whig Party leadership were executed . Doe then established the People 's Redemption Council , assuming the rank of general . Doe suspended the constitution and headed the country 's military junta for the next five years . In 1985 he ordered an election and officially became the 21st President of Liberia . The election was marked by controversy as there was evidence of election fraud . Doe had support from the United States ; it was a strategic alliance due to his anti-Soviet stance taken during the years of the Cold War prior to the changes in 1989 that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union . The first native head of state in the country 's history , Doe was a member of the Krahn ethnic group , a largely rural people . Before the 1980 coup , natives had often held a marginal role in society , which was dominated by the descendants of the Americo-Liberian Pioneers ; composed primarily of free-born American blacks and freed slaves , the Pioneers were the immigrants who had established Liberia in the 1820s and led the country beginning with independence in 1847 . Doe opened Liberian ports to Canadian , Chinese and European ships . This brought in considerable foreign investment from foreign shipping firms and earned Liberia a reputation as a tax haven .
Liberia ( /laɪˈbɪəriə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Liberia , is a country on the West African coast . It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest , Guinea to its north , Ivory Coast to its east , and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest . It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometres ( 43,000 sq mi ) and has a population of around 4,900,000 . English is the official language , but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken , representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population . The country 's capital and largest city is Monrovia . Liberia began as a settlement of the American Colonization Society ( ACS ) , who believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States . The country declared its independence on July 26 , 1847 . The U.S. did not recognize Liberia 's independence until February 5 , 1862 , during the American Civil War . Between January 7 , 1822 , and the American Civil War , more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced legislated limits in the U.S. , and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans , relocated to the settlement . The settlers carried their culture and tradition with them . The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after those of the U.S. On January 3 , 1848 , Joseph Jenkins Roberts , a wealthy , free-born African American from Virginia who settled in Liberia , was elected Liberia 's first president after the people proclaimed independence . Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence , and is Africa 's first and oldest modern republic .
The president of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia . The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia . Prior to the independence of Liberia in 1847 , executive power in the Commonwealth of Liberia was held by the governor of Liberia , who was appointed by the American Colonization Society . The 1847 Constitution transferred the executive powers of the governorship to the presidency , which was largely modeled on the presidency of the United States . Between 1847 and 1980 , the presidency was exclusively held by Americo-Liberians , the original American settlers of Liberia and their descendants . The original two-party system , with the Republican Party and the True Whig Party , ended in 1878 , when the election of Anthony W. Gardiner marked the beginning of 102 years of single-party rule by the True Whigs . Following a coup d'état by disgruntled army officers led by Samuel Doe in 1980 , the presidency was vacated until the election of Doe in the 1985 general election . After the overthrow and murder of Doe in 1990 , the presidency was again vacated for seven years during the First Liberian Civil War and again for two years following the conclusion of the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003 . Under the 1986 Constitution , the president is directly elected by eligible voters to a six-year term , which may be renewed once . Overall , 25 individuals have served as president , including Ellen Johnson Sirleaf , the first elected female head of state in Africa . On January 22 , 2018 , George Weah was sworn in as the twenty-fifth and current president of Liberia .
Jamtsangiin Damdinsüren ( Mongolian : Жамцангийн Дамдинсүрэн ) ( 1898-1938 ) was a Mongolian politician , member of the Mongolian People 's Revolutionary Party ( MPRP ) and titular Head of state of Mongolia from the period of January 16 , 1927 to January 23 , 1929 . Damdinsüren was born in Sain Noyon Khan Aimag ( present day Zavkhan Province ) . As a young child he studied Tibetan language and classical Mongolian script . At age 16 he became a clerk in the local government . In 1923 he was appointed chief of staff of the new rural district in present-day Uliastai . In 1925 he was elected as a delegate to the Fourth Congress of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League ( MRYL ) . At this congress Damdinsuren was elected a member of the Presidium and head of the Central Committee of the MYRL . At the MPRP Fifth Congress he was elected member of the Great Hural which in turn elected him a member of the Small Khural . At the Sixth Party Congress in early 1927 he was re-elected Chairman of the MRYL and a member of the MPRP Central Committee . The Central Committee elected him as a member of the MPRP Presidium and he was then chosen as its Chairman , making him titular head of state of Mongolian People 's Republic . Damdinsuren would hold this post from January 16 , 1927 to January 23 , 1929 . In 1928 the MPRP Seventh Party Congress ushered in the Leftist Period that signaled a more aggressive approach to implementation of Soviet backed leftist policies such as more rapid collectivization , land expropriation , and persecution of the Buddhist Church .
The president of Mongolia ( Mongolian : Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч , Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch ) is the Executive Head of state of Mongolia .