List of submissions to the 41st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
Submissions
Table:
Submitting country
Film title used in nomination
Language(s)
Original title
Director(s)
Result

Brazil
The Amorous Ones
Portuguese
As Amorosas
Walter Hugo Khouri

Not Nominated

Czechoslovakia
The Firemen's Ball
Czech
Horí, má panenko
Miloš Forman

Nominated

Denmark
People Meet and Sweet Music Fills the Heart
Danish
Människor möts och ljuv musik uppstår i hjärtat
Henning Carlsen

Not Nominated

France
Stolen Kisses
French
Baisers volés
François Truffaut

Nominated

West Germany
Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed
German
Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos
Alexander Kluge

Not Nominated

Greece
Imperiale
Greek
Βυζαντινή Ραψωδία
George Skalenakis

Not Nominated

Hungary
The Boys of Paul Street
Hungarian
A Pál-utcai fiúk
Zoltán Fábri

Nominated

India
Elder Sister
Hindi
Majhli Didi
Hrishikesh Mukherjee

Not Nominated

Israel
Every Bastard a King
Hebrew
כל ממזר מלך
Uri Zohar

Not Nominated

Italy
The Girl with the Pistol
Italian
La Ragazza con la pistola
Mario Monicelli

Nominated

Japan
Tunnel to the Sun
Japanese
黒部の太陽
Kei Kumai

Not Nominated

South Korea
Descendants of Cain
Korean
카인의 후예
Yu Hyun-mok

Not Nominated

Poland
Matthew's Days
Polish
Zywot Mateusza
Witold Leszczyński

Not Nominated

Romania
The Column
Romanian
Columna
Mircea Drăgan

Not Nominated

Spain
Spain Again
Spanish
España otra vez
Jaime Camino

Not Nominated

Sweden
Shame
Swedish
Skammen
Ingmar Bergman

Not Nominated

Soviet Union
War and Peace
Russian
Война и мир
Sergei Bondarchuk

Won Academy Award

Yugoslavia
It Rains in My Village
Serbian
Bice skoro propast sveta
Aleksandar Petrović

Not Nominated

Leveraging the provided table together with the context snippets below.

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Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
The Amorous Ones ( Portuguese : As Amorosas ) is a 1968 Brazilian drama film written and directed by Walter Hugo Khouri . The film was selected as the Brazilian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . The film was also entered into the 1969 Melbourne International Film Festival .
Walter Hugo Khouri ( São Paulo , 21 October 1929 - São Paulo , 27 June 2003 ) was a Brazilian film director and producer of Lebanese and Italian descent . Khouri made 25 feature films and won several national and international awards . His 1964 film Empty Night is considered one of the best Brazilian films of all time and was entered for the Palm d'Or in the 1965 Cannes Film Festival . His films show characters who seek meaning for a distressing existence . He was also notorious for welcoming and introducing young professionals , being the first director to cast the presenter Xuxa Meneghel in 1982 in the controversial film Love Strange Love .
Czechoslovakia , or Czecho-Slovakia ( /ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə , -kə- , -slə- , -ˈvɑː-/ ; Czech and Slovak : Československo , Česko-Slovensko ) , was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918 , when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire , until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993 . From 1939 to 1945 , following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany , the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate . From 1948 to 1990 , Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a command economy . Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955 . A period of political liberalization in 1968 , known as the Prague Spring , was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union , assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries , invaded Czechoslovakia . In 1989 , as Marxist-Leninist governments and socialism were ending all over Europe , Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution ; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation . In 1993 , Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia .
The Firemen 's Ball ( or The Fireman 's Ball ; Czech : Hoří , má panenko ) is a 1967 comedy film directed by Miloš Forman . It is set at the annual ball of a small town 's volunteer fire department , and the plot portrays the series of disasters that occur during the evening . The film uses few professional actors - some firemen portrayed are played by the firemen of the small town where it was filmed . In its portrayal of the prevailing corruption of the local community , and the collapse even of well-intentioned plans , the film has been interpreted as a satire on the Communist system by foreign film critics . The Firemen 's Ball was the last film Forman made in his native Czechoslovakia before going into USA . It is also the first film he shot in color , and a milestone of the Czechoslovak New Wave .
Jan Tomáš Miloš Forman ( /ˈmiːloʊʃ/ ; Czech : [ ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman ] ; 18 February 1932 - 13 April 2018 ) was a Czech-American film director , screenwriter , actor , and professor who rose to fame in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968 . Forman was an important figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave . Film scholars and Czechoslovakian authorities saw his 1967 film The Firemen 's Ball as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism , and it was banned for many years in his home country . He left Czechoslovakia for the United States , and his films One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest ( 1975 ) and Amadeus ( 1984 ) acquired particular renown and for both films he won the Academy Award for Best Director . One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest was the second film to win all five major Academy Awards ( Best Picture , Actor in Leading Role , Actress in Leading Role , Director , and Screenplay ) . Forman also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Director for The People vs. Larry Flynt ( 1996 ) . He also won Golden Globe , Cannes , Berlinale , BAFTA , Cesar , David di Donatello , European Film Academy , and Czech Lion awards .
Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .
People Meet and Sweet Music Fills the Heart , ( Danish : Mennesker mødes og sød musik opstår i hjertet ) , is a 1967 Danish/Swedish romantic comedy directed by Henning Carlsen and starring Harriet Andersson and Preben Neergaard . The film is based upon the 1944 novel by Jens August Schade .
Henning Carlsen ( 4 June 1927 - 30 May 2014 ) was a Danish film director , screenwriter , and producer most noted for his documentaries and his contributions to the style of cinéma vérité . Carlsen 's 1966 social-realistic drama Hunger ( Sult ) was nominated for the Palme D'Or and won the Bodil Award for Best Danish Film . Carlsen also won the Bodil Award the following year for the comedy People Meet and Sweet Music Fills the Heart . Acting as his own producer since 1960 , Carlsen has directed more than 25 films , 19 for which he wrote the screenplay . In 2006 , he received the Golden Swan Lifetime Achievement Award at the Copenhagen International Film Festival .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
Stolen Kisses ( French : Baisers volés ) is a 1968 French romantic comedy-drama film directed by François Truffaut starring Jean-Pierre Léaud and Claude Jade . It continues the story of the character Antoine Doinel , whom Truffaut had previously depicted in The 400 Blows and the short film Antoine and Colette . In this film , Antoine begins his relationship with Christine Darbon , which is depicted further in the last two films in the series , Bed & Board and Love on the Run . The original French title of the film comes from a line in Charles Trenet 's song Que reste-t-il de nos amours ? which is also used as the film 's signature tune . The film was nominated for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . The film begins with a pan onto the locked gates of the Cinémathèque Française then based at the Palais du Chaillot . On the gates there is a sign 'Relache ' ( 'Closed ' ) . This is Truffaut 's reference to the Affaire Langlois when the head of the Cinémathèque had been sacked by the French government . He was eventually reinstated after filmmakers like Truffaut used all their wiles to foment protest .
François Roland Truffaut ( UK : /ˈtruːfoʊ , ˈtrʊfoʊ/ TROO-foh , TRUUF-oh , US : /truːˈfoʊ/ troo-FOH , French : [ fʁɑ̃swa ʁɔlɑ̃ tʁyfo ] ; 6 February 1932 - 21 October 1984 ) was a French film director , screenwriter , producer , actor , and film critic . He is widely regarded as one of the founders of the French New Wave . In a film career lasting over a quarter of a century , he remains an icon of the French film industry , having worked on over 25 films . Truffaut 's film The 400 Blows came to be a defining film of the French New Wave movement , and was followed by four sequels , Antoine et Colette , Stolen Kisses , Bed and Board , and Love on the Run , between 1958 and 1979 . Truffaut 's 1973 film Day for Night earned him critical acclaim and several accolades , including the BAFTA Award for Best Film and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His other notable films include Shoot the Piano Player ( 1960 ) , Jules and Jim ( 1961 ) , The Soft Skin ( 1964 ) , The Wild Child ( 1970 ) , Two English Girls ( 1971 ) , The Last Metro ( 1980 ) , and The Woman Next Door ( 1981 ) .
West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .
Artists in the Big Top : Perplexed ( German : Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel : Ratlos ) is a 1968 West German film written and directed by Alexander Kluge . The film is made in a collage style , featuring newsreels and quotations from philosophers alongside the story of a failing circus whose owner , Leni ( Hannelore Hoger ) , must decide whether her dream of a new kind of circus is too optimistic . The film is a symbolic representation of Kluge 's own frustrations in trying to help stimulate the New German Cinema movement .
Alexander Kluge ( born 14 February 1932 ) is a German author , philosopher , academic and film director .
Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture .
Imperiale ( Greek : Βυζαντινή Ραψωδία , translit . Vyzantini rapsodia ) is a 1968 Greek drama film directed by George Skalenakis . The film was selected as the Greek entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .
George Skalenakis ( Greek : Γιώργος Σκαλενάκης ; 17 May 1926 - 14 September 2014 ) was a Greek film director and actor .
Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians .
The Boys of Paul Street ( Hungarian : A Pál-utcai fiúk ) is a 1969 Hungarian drama film directed by Zoltán Fábri and based on the 1906 youth novel The Paul Street Boys by Ferenc Molnár . It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . It features English-speaking ( American and British ) child actors ( led by Anthony Kemp as Ernő Nemecsek ) accompanied by Hungarian adult ones including Fábri 's favorite actress Mari Törőcsik as Nemecsek 's mother . Currently it is acclaimed as the best and most faithful adaptation of Molnár 's source novel and a classic film in Hungary .
Zoltán Fábri ( 15 October 1917 - 23 August 1994 ) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter . His films The Boys of Paul Street ( 1969 ) and Hungarians ( 1978 ) were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . His 1965 film Twenty Hours shared the Grand Prix with War and Peace at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival . His 1969 film The Toth Family was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival . His 1975 film 141 Minutes from the Unfinished Sentence was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival , where he won a Special Prize for Directing . Fábri wanted to become an artist from an early age on . He studied painting and graduated at the Hungarian College of Fine Arts . He began working in the Hungarian film industry in 1950 as a production designer . He directed his first film Vihar ( Storm ) in 1951 . He became an internationally acclaimed director with his third feature Körhinta ( Merry Go-Round ) in 1956 . He continued directing and writing until the early 1980s . After his retirement from the film industry Fábri taught on the Hungarian University of Theatrical and Film Arts .
India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .
Majhli Didi is a 1967 Bollywood film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee , based on the Bengali language story , Mejdidi ( Middle Sister ) by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay , which was earlier filmed in Bengali in 1950 as Mejdidi . Majhli Didi stars Meena Kumari and Dharmendra . Though the film did n't perform well at the Indian box office , it remains one of Hrishikesh Mukherjee 's highly rated films . At the 16th Filmfare Awards , it won Best Screenplay Awards for Nabendu Ghosh and Best Art Direction , B & W for Ajit Banerjee . It was India 's entry to the 41st Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film .
Hrishikesh Mukherjee ( 30 September 1922 - 27 August 2006 ) was an Indian film director , editor and writer regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of Indian cinema , known for a number of films , including Anari , Satyakam , Chupke Chupke , Anupama , Anand , Abhimaan , Guddi , Gol Maal , Majhli Didi , Chaitali , Aashirwad , Bawarchi , Kissi Se Na Kehna , and Namak Haraam . Popularly known as Hrishi-da , he directed 42 films during his career spanning over four decades , and is named the pioneer of the 'middle cinema ' of India . Renowned for his social films that reflected the changing middle-class ethos , Mukherjee carved a middle path between the extravagance of mainstream cinema and the stark realism of art cinema . He also remained the chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification ( CBFC ) and of the National Film Development Corporation ( NFDC ) . The Government of India honoured him with the Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1999 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2001 . He received the NTR National Award in 2001 and he also won eight Filmfare Awards .
Israel , formally known as the State of Israel ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ) , is a country in Western Asia , located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition . [ fn 4 ] Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa . Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age , while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age . The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE . Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian , Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces . The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE , which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE , and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea . Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction , the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina . Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries . In the 7th century CE , the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099 , followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187 .
Every Bastard a King ( Hebrew : כל ממזר מלך , translit . Kol Mamzer Melech ) is a 1968 Israeli drama film directed by Uri Zohar . The film was selected as the Israeli entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .
Uri Zohar ( Hebrew : אורי זוהר , born November 4 , 1935 ) is a former Israeli film director , actor , and comedian who left the entertainment world to become a rabbi .
Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script .
The Girl with the Pistol ( Italian : La ragazza con la pistola ) is a 1968 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli . It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . Monica Vitti won the David di Donatello as Best Actress .
Mario Monicelli ( Italian : [ ˈmaːrjo moniˈtʃɛlli ] ; 16 May 1915 - 29 November 2010 ) was an Italian director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana ( Comedy Italian style ) . He was nominated six times for an Oscar .
Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) .
The Sands of Kurobe ( 黒部の太陽 , Kurobe no Taiyō ) is a 1968 Japanese drama film directed by Kei Kumai . It was Japan 's submission to the 41st Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee . Produced by its stars Toshiro Mifune and Yujiro Ishihara , the film 's first run in cinemas lasted for a month , significantly longer than the week or ten days that films at that time usually ran in Japan .
Kei Kumai ( 熊井 啓 , Kumai Kei , June 1 , 1930 - May 23 , 2007 ) was a Japanese film director from Azumino , Nagano prefecture . After his studies in literature at Shinshu University , he began work as a director 's assistant . He won the Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award for his first film , Nihon rettō , in 1965 . His 1972 film Shinobu Kawa was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival . His 1974 film Rise , Fair Sun was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival . Perhaps his best-known film is Sandakan No . 8 , which received widespread acclaim for tackling the issue of a woman forced into prostitution in Borneo before the outbreak of World War II . Kinuyo Tanaka won the Best Actress Award at the 25th Berlin International Film Festival for her performance . The film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 48th Academy Awards . Kumai 's follow-up film was 1976 's Cape of North , starring French actress Claude Jade as a Swiss nun who falls in love with a Japanese engineer on a trip from Marseilles to Yokohama . His 1986 film The Sea and Poison won the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival . In 1992 , his film Luminous Moss was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival .
South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP .
Descendants of Cain ( 카인의 후예 - Kaineui huye ) is a 1968 South Korean film directed by Yu Hyun-mok .
Yu Hyun-mok ( July 2 , 1925 - June 28 , 2009 ) was a South Korean film director . Born in Sariwon , Hwanghae , Korea ( North Korea today ) , he made his film debut in 1956 with Gyocharo ( Crossroads ) . According to the website koreanfilm.org , his 1961 film Obaltan has repeatedly been voted the best Korean film of all time in local critics ' polls . Yu attended the San Francisco International Film Festival in 1963 , where Variety called Obaltan a remarkable film , and praised Yu 's [ b ] rilliantly detailed camera and the film 's probing sympathy and rich characterizations . His dedication to the intellectual side of film and interest in using film to deal with social and political issues led him to have difficulties both with box-office-oriented producers , and with Korea 's military government during the 1960s and 1970s . Korean critics have said his directing style is in the tradition of the Italian Neorealists , yet the terms 'modernist ' or 'expressionistic ' [ are ] just as applicable to his works . Besides his directing activities , he has taught film , and made a significant contribution to Korean animation by producing Kim Cheong-gi 's 1976 animated film , Robot Taekwon V. A retrospective of Yu 's career was held at the 4th Pusan International Film Festival in 1999 . Yu died from a stroke on June 28 , 2009 .
Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 .
Matthew 's Days ( Polish : Żywot Mateusza ) is a 1968 Polish drama film directed by Witold Leszczyński . It was listed to compete at the 1968 Cannes Film Festival , but the festival was cancelled due to the events of May 1968 in France . The film was also selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . The film is based on Tarjei Vesaas ' novel The Birds .
Witold Leszczyński ( 16 August 1933 - 1 September 2007 ) was a Polish film director and screenwriter . In 1967 he graduated from the National Film School in Łódź . He directed over thirty films between 1959 and 2007 . Most known for Żywot Mateusza ( Matthew 's Days ) based on a novel by Norwegian writer Tarjei Vesaas , Konopielka , adapted from the novel of Edward Redliński , Siekierezada based on a novel by Edward Stachura and many others films . He received numerous awards , including Grand Prix at the Polish Film Festival in 1986 . The director died during the shoot of his film Stary człowiek i pies ( The Old Man and the Dog ) in 2007 .
Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania .
The Column ( Romanian : Columna ) is a 1968 Romanian historical film directed by Mircea Drăgan . The film was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee . The action starts near the end of Trajan 's Dacian Wars ( 106 AD ) , when south western Dacia was transformed into a Roman province : Roman Dacia . It covers the years after the war , including the beginnings of the Romanization and Romanian ethnogenesis , the construction of Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa , resistance of the Free Dacians and first barbarian invasions .
Mircea Drăgan ( 3 October 1932 - 31 October 2017 ) was a Romanian film director . He directed 23 films between 1955 and 1992 . His 1961 film Thirst was entered into the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Silver Prize . Two years later , his film Lupeni 29 was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival and it also won the Silver Prize . He was a member of the jury at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival . His 1973 film Explosion was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Diploma .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
Spain Again ( Spanish : España otra vez ) is a 1969 Spanish drama film directed by Jaime Camino . It was entered into the 1969 Cannes Film Festival . The film was also selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 41st Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .
Jaime Camino ( 11 June 1936 - 4 December 2015 ) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter . He directed 16 films between 1962 and 2001 . His 1976 film Long Vacations of 36 was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival . His 1992 film The Long Winter was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival .
Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .
Shame ( Swedish : Skammen ) is a 1968 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman , and starring Liv Ullmann and Max von Sydow . Ullmann and von Sydow play Eva and Jan , a politically uninvolved couple and former violinists whose home comes under threat by civil war . They are accused by one side of sympathy for the enemy , and their relationship deteriorates while the couple flees . The story explores themes of shame , moral decline , self-loathing and violence . The film was shot on Fårö , beginning in 1967 , employing miniature models for the combat scenes . Shame was shot and released during the Vietnam War , although Bergman denied it was a commentary on the real-life conflict . He instead expressed interest in telling the story of a little war . Shame won a few honors , including for Ullmann 's performance . It is sometimes considered the second in a series of thematically-related films , preceded by Bergman 's 1968 Hour of the Wolf , and followed by the 1969 The Passion of Anna .
Ernst Ingmar Bergman [ a ] ( 14 July 1918 - 30 July 2007 ) was a Swedish director , writer , and producer who worked in film , television , theatre and radio . Considered to be among the most accomplished and influential filmmakers of all time , Bergman 's films include Smiles of a Summer Night ( 1955 ) , The Seventh Seal ( 1957 ) , Wild Strawberries ( 1957 ) , Persona ( 1966 ) , Cries and Whispers ( 1972 ) , Scenes from a Marriage ( 1973 ) , and Fanny and Alexander ( 1982 ) ; the last two exist in extended television versions . Bergman directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television screenings , most of which he also wrote . He also directed over 170 plays . He eventually forged a creative partnership with his cinematographers Gunnar Fischer and Sven Nykvist . Among his company of actors were Harriet and Bibi Andersson , Liv Ullmann , Gunnar Björnstrand , Erland Josephson , Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow . Most of his films were set in Sweden , and many films from Through a Glass Darkly ( 1961 ) onward were filmed on the island of Fårö . Philip French referred to Bergman as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century . he found in literature and the performing arts a way of both recreating and questioning the human condition . Director Martin Scorsese commented ; If you were alive in the 50s and the 60s and of a certain age , a teenager on your way to becoming an adult , and you wanted to make movies , I do n't see how you could n't be influenced by Bergman .It 's impossible to overestimate the effect that those films had on people .
The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas .
War and Peace ( Russian : Война и мир , trans . Voyna i mir ) is a 1965-67 Soviet war drama film co-written and directed by Sergei Bondarchuk and a film adaptation of Leo Tolstoy 's 1869 novel War and Peace . The film , released in four installments throughout 1966 and 1967 , starred Bondarchuk in the leading role of Pierre Bezukhov , alongside Vyacheslav Tikhonov and Ludmila Savelyeva , who depicted Prince Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova . The picture was produced by the Mosfilm studios between 1961 and 1967 , with considerable support from the Soviet authorities . At a cost of 8.29 million Soviet rubles - equal to US $ 9.21 million at 1967 rates , or $ 50-60 million in 2017 , accounting for ruble inflation - it was the most expensive film made in the Soviet Union . Upon its release , it became a success with audiences , selling approximately 135 million tickets in its native country . War and Peace also won the Grand Prix in the Moscow International Film Festival , the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film .
Sergei Fedorovich Bondarchuk ГСТ HaCCP ( Russian : [ sʲɪrˈɡʲej ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ bəndɐrˈtɕuk ] ; Russian : Серге́й Фё́дорович Бондарчу́к ; Ukrainian : Сергі́й Фе́дорович Бондарчу́к , Serhiy Fedorovych Bondarchuk ; 25 September 1920 - 20 October 1994 ) was an Soviet and Russian actor , film director , and screenwriter who was one of the leading figures of Russian cinema of the 1960s and 70s . He is known for his sweeping period dramas including a widely acclaimed 4-part adaptation of Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace and the Napoleonic War epic Waterloo . Bondarchuk 's work won him numerous international accolades . He was made both a Hero of Socialist Labour and a People 's Artist of the USSR .
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ) , also known as SFR Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia , was a country located in Central and Southeastern Europe that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars . Covering an area of 255,804 km² ( 98,766 sq mi ) , the SFRY was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west , Austria and Hungary to the north , Bulgaria and Romania to the east , and Albania and Greece to the south . The nation was a socialist state and a federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and made up of six socialist republics - Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia , and Slovenia - with Belgrade as its capital . In addition , it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia : Kosovo and Vojvodina . The SFRY 's origin is traced to 26 November 1942 , when the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia was formed during World War II . On 29 November 1945 , the Federal People 's Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed after the deposition of King Peter II , thus ending the monarchy . Until 1948 , the new communist government originally sided with the Eastern Bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War , but after the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 , Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality . It became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement , and transitioned from a command economy to market-based socialism . The SFRY maintained neutrality during the Cold War as part of its foreign policy . It was a founding member of CERN , the United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement , OSCE , IFAD , WTO , Eutelsat , and BTWC . Following the death of Tito on 4 May 1980 , the Yugoslav economy started to collapse , which increased unemployment and inflation . The economic crisis led to a rise in ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s and early 1990s ; dissidence resulted among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics .
It Rains in My Village ( Serbo-Croatian : Biće skoro propast sveta or literal translation The End of the World Is Nigh ) is a 1968 Yugoslav film by Serbian director Aleksandar Petrović , partly inspired by the novel Demons by Fyodor Dostoevsky .
Aleksandar Saša Petrović ( 14 January 1929 - 20 August 1994 ) was a Yugoslav and Serbian film director who was one of the leading European directors in the 1960s and one of the major figures of the Yugoslav Black Wave . Two of his films were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film : Three in 1966 and I Even Met Happy Gypsies ( Feather Gatherers ) in 1967 . The latter ( original title Skupljaci perja ) was the first movie that presented the existence of Gypsies in society and everyday life ; it was also the first full-feature film where Gypsies spoke their own language , Roma . Most roles were interpreted by real Gypsies ; this was their movie . As a child , I observed them and saw in these people faith and irrationality , said Petrović I Even Met Happy Gypsies won the FIPRESCI Prize and the Grand Prize of the Jury at the Cannes Film Festival ; it also received a nomination for a Golden Globe . In 1967 Petrović was a member of the jury at the 17th Berlin International Film Festival . One of his most famous films is It Rains in My Village . Petrović found inspiration for this film in Fyodor Dostoyevsky 's novel The Possessed . The film was nominated for a Palme d'Or ( Golden Palm ) at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival In 1973 , Petrović was forced to leave his post at the Belgrade Film Academy after being accused of holding anti-communist views by the communist government of Yugoslavia . In late December 1989 , he joined the founding committee of the Democratic Party in Serbia , the first opposition anti-communist party in Serbia .