Presiding Officer (Guantanamo Military Commissions)
List of Presiding Officers and suspects
Table:
Guantanamo military commission Presiding Officers

rank
officer
service
case(s)
notes

Colonel
Peter Brownback
United States Army

Captain
Keith J. Allred
United States Navy

Colonel
W. Thomas Cumbie
United States Air Force

Colonel
Ronald A. Gregory
United States Air Force

Colonel
Ralph H. Kohlmann
United States Marine Corps

Lieutenant Colonel
Nancy J. Paul
United States Marine Corps

Colonel
James L. Pohl
United States Army

Colonel
Robert Chester
United States Marine Corps

Colonel
Steven David
United States Army Reserve

Colonel
Patrick Parrish
United States Army

Captain
Moira Modzelewski
United States Navy

Lieutenant Colonel
Raymond Eugene Beal II
United States Marine Corps

Colonel
Stephen R. Henley
United States Army

Captain
Bruce W. Mackenzie
United States Navy

Looking at the accompanying table plus the supporting text provided.

Provide an answer to this question: Which service was the officer who replaced Ralph Kohlmann as the Chief Presiding Officer for the Military Commissions part of ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

Colonel ( /ˈkɜːrnəl/ kernel ; abbreviated Col. , Col or COL ) is a senior military officer rank below the general officer ranks . However , in some small military forces , such as those of Monaco or the Vatican , colonel is the highest rank . It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations . Historically , in the seventeenth , eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army . Modern usage varies greatly , and in some cases , the term is used as an honorific title that may have no direct relationship to military service . The rank of colonel is typically above the rank of lieutenant colonel . The rank above colonel is typically called brigadier , brigade general or brigadier general . Equivalent naval ranks may be called captain or ship-of-the-line captain . In the Commonwealth air force rank system , the equivalent rank is group captain .
Peter E. Brownback III is a retired military officer and lawyer . He was appointed in 2004 by general John D. Altenburg as a Presiding Officer on the Guantanamo military commissions . The Washington Post reported : .that Brownback and Altenburg have known each other since 1977 , that Brownback 's wife worked for Altenburg , and that Altenburg hosted Brownback 's retirement party in 1999 . Brownback is also a combat veteran who served two tours in Vietnam , the first as part of the 173rd Brigade and later as a member of the US Special Forces . He was the honour graduate of his special forces course that he completed in 1972 . Defense attorneys challenged the bias of five of the six presiding officers at the Guantanamo military tribunal , including Brownback . Altenburg removed three officers but retained Brownback . He was the only officer appointed to the first commission who had any legal training .
The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States .
Captain is the name most often given in English-speaking navies to the rank corresponding to command of the largest ships . The rank is equal to the army rank of colonel . Equivalent ranks worldwide include ship-of-the-line captain ( e.g . France , Argentina , Spain ) , captain of sea and war ( e.g . Portugal ) , captain at sea ( e.g . Germany , Netherlands ) and captain of the first rank ( Russia ) . The NATO rank code is OF-5 , although the United States of America uses the code O-6 for the equivalent rank ( as they do for all OF-5 ranks ) .
Keith J. Allred is an American lawyer and retired Naval officer .
The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy .
William Thomas Cumbie is a senior judge in the United States Air Force . Cumbie is the United States Air Force 's Chief Regional Military Judge , for the Atlantic Region . Cumbie graduated from the law school of Florida State University in 1982 . He served as a staff attorney for the Florida State Senate . Cumbie became an officer by direct appointment , in 1985 .
The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .
Ralph H. Kohlmann is an American lawyer and officer in the United States Marine Corps .
The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve .
Lieutenant colonel ( pronounced Lef-ten-ent Kernel ( UK & Commonwealth ) or Loo-ten-ent Kernel ( US ) ) is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies , most marine forces and some air forces of the world , above a major and below a colonel . The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply colonel in conversation and in unofficial correspondence . Sometimes , the term 'half-colonel ' is used in casual conversation in the British Army . A lieutenant colonel is typically in charge of a battalion or regiment in the army .
Nancy J. Paul is an officer in the United States Air Force .
Colonel James L. Pohl is an American lawyer and officer in the United States Army . He is notable for having been appointed as a judge on a Guantanamo military commission . He is presiding over the Commission of Khalid Sheikh Mohammad , Walid bin Attash , Ramzi bin al-Shibh , Ammar al-Baluchi , and Mustafa al-Hawsawi . From November 2011 to July 2014 , Pohl also presided over the military commission of Abd el-Rahim al-Nashiri . He is notable for serving as the judge of several of the GIs in the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse cases , and barring the demolition of Abu Ghraib because he had ruled it a crime scene . In December 2008 , Pohl was appointed to replace Ralph Kohlmann as the Chief Presiding Officer for the Military Commissions . Pohl received his J.D . from Pepperdine University in 1978 .
Robert Chester is an American military officer and lawyer . Chester is a Colonel in the United States Marine Corps . Chester has recently been appointed to serve as President of the Guantanamo military commission faced by Omar Khadr . On January 12 , 2006 he admonished Khadr 's prosecutor , Colonel Morris Davis , to show more respect to Khadr . He instructed him to start referring to Khadr as Mr Khadr .
Steven H. David ( born 1957 ) is the 106th Justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana . David previously served as a lawyer and military officer . He retired from the United States Army Reserve in September 2010 with the rank of colonel .
The United States Army Reserve ( USAR ) is a reserve force of the United States Army . Together , the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the Army element of the Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces . Since June 2016 , the commanding general of the Army Reserve is Lieutenant General Charles D. Luckey became the 33rd Chief of Army Reserve , and Commanding General , United States Army Reserve Command ( USARC ) . The senior enlisted leader of the Army Reserve is Command Sergeant Major Ted L. Copeland .
Patrick Parrish is an officer in the United States Army .
Moira Dempsey Modzelewski is an American lawyer and Captain in the United States Navy . She is currently Chief Judge of the Navy and one of four assistant judge advocates general . Modzelewski is notable for her appointment to serve as the Presiding Officer over Noor Uthman Muhammaed 's Guantanamo military commission .
The Guantanamo military commissions are military tribunals authorized by presidential order , then by the Military Commissions Act of 2006 , and currently by the Military Commissions Act of 2009 for prosecuting detainees held in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps .
Colonel Stephen R. Henley is an American lawyer and an officer in the United States Army . He is notable for having been appointed the President of a Guantanamo military commission .
The United States of America has charged Guantanamo captives before Military Commissions , each presided over by a Presiding Officer . The Presiding Officer were initially to serve as the first among equals on bodies were the commission members served the roles similar to both judge and jury . In the first version of the Military Commissions the Presiding Officer was to be the only member of the Commission who was a lawyer . So the Presiding Officer would be making all the ruling similar to the rulings on points of law that a judge makes in courts of law . But the Presiding Officer would also be voting on the suspect 's guilt or innocence - unlike in a jury trial . The Commission system was extensively reformed in the summer of 2004 . Several of the original Commission members of the first Commission were retired , because of their inherent bias . The structure of the Commissions were changed , so that the Presiding Officer would no long vote on the suspect 's guilt . In the summer of 2005 leaked memos were published that revealsed that prior to the reorganization the first Chief Prosecutor , Fred Borch , promised his subordinates that only officers who could be counted on to convict suspects would be chose as Commission members , and that Prosecutors would not have to worry about exculpatory evidence - as it would all be classified so it could be withheld from the suspect 's attorneys on National Security grounds . Peter Brownback -- the first Presiding Officer , was unexpectedly replaced in the summer of 2008 . Critics speculated that he had been fired because he kept trying to force Omar Khadr 's prosecution to release evidence to Khadr 's Defense attorneys .