Flag of Brazil
Design -- Construction
Table:
State

Star

Constellation

Size
(1=largest)

State
made

Star
added

Amazonas

Alpha Canis Minoris (Procyon)

Canis Minor, the Little Dog

1

1889

1889

Mato Grosso

Alpha Canis Majoris (Sirius)

Canis Major, the Great Dog

1

1889

1889

Amapá

Beta Canis Majoris (Mirzam)

Canis Major, the Great Dog

2

1991

1992

Rondônia

Gamma Canis Majoris (Muliphen)

Canis Major, the Great Dog

4

1982

1992

Roraima

Delta Canis Majoris (Wezen)

Canis Major, the Great Dog

2

1991

1992

Tocantins

Epsilon Canis Majoris (Adhara)

Canis Major, the Great Dog

3

1989

1992

Pará

Alpha Virginis (Spica)

Virgo, the Virgin

1

1889

1889

Piauí

Alpha Scorpii (Antares)

Scorpius, the Scorpion

1

1889

1889

Maranhão

Beta Scorpii (Graffias)

Scorpius, the Scorpion

3

1889

1889

Ceará

Epsilon Scorpii (Larawag)[13]

Scorpius, the Scorpion

2

1889

1889

Alagoas

Theta Scorpii (Sargas)

Scorpius, the Scorpion

2

1889

1889

Sergipe

Iota Scorpii

Scorpius, the Scorpion

3

1889

1889

Paraíba

Kappa Scorpii

Scorpius, the Scorpion

3

1889

1889

Rio Grande do Norte

Lambda Scorpii (Shaula)

Scorpius, the Scorpion

2

1889

1889

Pernambuco

Mu Scorpii (Xamidimura & Pipirima)[13]

Scorpius, the Scorpion

3

1889

1889

Mato Grosso do Sul

Alpha Hydrae (Alphard)

Hydra, the Water Serpent

2

1979[note]

1960[note]

Acre

Gamma Hydrae

Hydra, the Water Serpent

3

1962

1968

São Paulo

Alpha Crucis (Acrux or Estrela de Magalhães)

Crux, the Southern Cross

1

1889

1889

Rio de Janeiro

Beta Crucis (Mimosa)

Crux, the Southern Cross

2

1889

1889

Bahia

Gamma Crucis (Gacrux)

Crux, the Southern Cross

2

1889

1889

Based on the table along with the relevant paragraphs listed at the end.

Solve the question: How long is the shore of the state represented by Antares in the Brazilian flag ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Amazonas ( [ ɐmɐˈzõnɐs ] ( listen ) ) is a state of Brazil , located in the North Region in the northwestern corner of the country . It is the largest Brazilian state by area and the 9th largest country subdivision in the world , and is greater than the areas of Uruguay , Paraguay , and Chile combined . Mostly located in the Southern Hemisphere , it is the third largest country subdivision in the Southern Hemisphere after the Australian states of Western Australia and Queensland . It would be the sixteenth largest country in land area , slightly larger than Mongolia . Neighbouring states are ( from the north clockwise ) Roraima , Pará , Mato Grosso , Rondônia , and Acre . It also borders the nations of Peru , Colombia and Venezuela . This includes the Departments of Amazonas , Vaupés and Guainía in Colombia , as well as the Amazonas state in Venezuela , and the Loreto Region in Peru . Amazonas is named after the Amazon River , and was formerly part of the Spanish Empire 's Viceroyalty of Peru , a region called Spanish Guyana . It was settled by the Portuguese moving northwest from Brazil in the early 18th century and incorporated into the Portuguese empire after the Treaty of Madrid in 1750 . It became a state under the First Brazilian Republic in 1889 . Most of the state is tropical jungle ; cities are clustered along navigable waterways and are accessible only by boat or plane . The capital and largest city is Manaus , a modern city of 2.1 million inhabitants in the middle of the jungle on the Amazon River 1,500 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean .
Procyon /ˈproʊsiɒn/ is the brightest object in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the eighth-brightest star in the night sky with a visual apparent magnitude of 0.34 . It has the Bayer designation α Canis Minoris , which is Latinised to Alpha Canis Minoris , and abbreviated α CMi or Alpha CMi , respectively . As determined by the European Space Agency Hipparcos astrometry satellite , this system lies at a distance of just 11.46 light-years ( 3.51 parsecs ) , and is therefore one of Earth 's nearest stellar neighbours . A binary star system , Procyon consists of a white-hued main-sequence star of spectral type F5 IV-V , designated component A , in orbit with a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DQZ , named Procyon B . The pair orbit each other with a period of 40.8 years and an eccentricity of 0.4 .
Mato Grosso ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈmatu ˈɡɾosu ] - lit . Thick Bush ) is one of the states of Brazil , the third largest by area , located in the western part of the country . Neighboring states ( from west clockwise ) are : Rondônia , Amazonas , Pará , Tocantins , Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul . The nation of Bolivia is located to the southwest . A state with a flat landscape that alternates between vast chapadas and plain areas , Mato Grosso contains three main ecosystems : the Cerrado , the Pantanal and the Amazon rainforest . Open pasture vegetation covers 40% of the state . The Chapada dos Guimarães National Park , with caves , grottoes , tracks , and waterfalls , is one of its tourist attractions . In the north is the biodiverse Amazonian forest , which originally covered half of the state . Much of this has been disrupted and cleared for logging , agricultural purposes and pastures . The Xingu Indigenous Park and the Araguaia River are in Mato Grosso . Further south , the Pantanal , the world 's largest wetland , is the habitat for nearly one thousand species of animals and many aquatic birds .
Sirius ( /ˈsɪriəs/ , designated α Canis Majoris ( Latinized to Alpha Canis Majoris , abbreviated Alpha CMa , α CMa ) ) is the brightest star in the night sky . Its name is derived from the Greek word Σείριος Seirios glowing or scorching . With a visual apparent magnitude of −1.46 , Sirius is almost twice as bright as Canopus , the next brightest star . Sirius is a binary star consisting of a main-sequence star of spectral type A0 or A1 , termed Sirius A , and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DA2 , termed Sirius B . The distance between the two varies between 8.2 and 31.5 astronomical units as they orbit every 50 years . Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to the Solar System . At a distance of 2.64 parsecs ( 8.6 ly ) , the Sirius system is one of Earth 's nearest neighbours . Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System , so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years . After that time , its distance will begin to increase , and it will become fainter , but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth 's night sky for the next 210,000 years . Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun ( M☉ ) and has an absolute visual magnitude of +1.42 . It is 25 times more luminous than the Sun but has a significantly lower luminosity than other bright stars such as Canopus or Rigel . The system is between 200 and 300 million years old .
Amapá ( [ ɐmɐˈpa ] ( listen ) ) is a state located in the northern region of Brazil . It is the second least populous state and the eighteenth largest by area . Located in the far northern part of the country , Amapá is bordered clockwise by French Guiana to the north , the Atlantic Ocean to the east , Pará to the south and west , and Suriname to the northwest . The capital and largest city is Macapá . In the colonial period the region was called Portuguese Guiana and was part of Portugal 's State of Brazil . Later , the region was distinguished from the other Guianas . Amapá was once part of Pará , but became a separate territory in 1943 , and a state in 1990 . The dominant feature of the region , and 90 percent of its total area , is the Amazon Rainforest . Unexplored forests occupy 70 percent of Amapá , and Tumucumaque Mountains National Park , established in 2002 , is the largest tropical forest park in the world . The estuary of the River Oiapoque is the northernmost point of coastal Brazil .
Beta Canis Majoris ( β Canis Majoris , abbreviated Beta CMa , β CMa ) , also named Mirzam /ˈmɜːrzəm/ , is a star in the southern constellation of Canis Major , the Great Dog , located at a distance of about 500 light-years ( 150 parsecs ) from the Sun . In the modern constellation it lies at the position of the dog 's front leg .
Rondônia ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʁõˈdõniɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a state in Brazil , located in the northern part of the country . To the west is a short border with the state of Acre , to the north is the state of Amazonas , in the east is Mato Grosso , and in the south and southwest is Bolivia . Its capital is Porto Velho . The state was named after Cândido Rondon .
Gamma Canis Majoris ( γ Canis Majoris , abbreviated Gamma CMa , γ CMa ) , also named Muliphein /ˈmjuːlɪfeɪn/ , is a star in the constellation of Canis Major . It is unclear exactly why this relatively faint star was given the 'gamma ' designation , but possibly because it is in the same part of the constellation as Sirius ( alpha ) and Mirzam ( beta ) .
Roraima ( Pemon : roro imã , parrot mountain i.e . Green Peak , Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʁoˈɾajmɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil , located in the Amazon region . It borders the states of Amazonas and Pará and the countries of Venezuela and Guyana . The population is approximately 450,000 ( as of 2010 ) , and the capital is Boa Vista . Roraima has fifteen municipalities , the fewest of any Brazilian state .
Delta Canis Majoris ( Latinised from δ Canis Majoris , abbreviated Delta CMa , δ CMa ) , officially named Wezen /ˈwiːzən/ , is a star in the constellation of Canis Major . It is a yellow-white F-type supergiant with an apparent magnitude of +1.83 . Since 1943 , the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified .
Tocantins ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ tokɐ̃ˈtʃĩs ] ( listen ) A ) is one of the states of Brazil . ( From : Tukã´ , Toucan + tï , beak . lit . Toucan 's beak in Tupi language ) . It is the newest of the 26 Brazilian states , formed in 1988 and encompassing what had formerly been the northern two-fifths of the state of Goiás . Tocantins covers 277,620.91 square kilometres ( 107,190.03 sq mi ) and has a population of 1,496,880 ( 2014 est. ) . Construction of its capital , Palmas , began in 1989 ; most of the other cities in the state date to the Portuguese colonial period . With the exception of Araguaína there are few other cities with a significant population in the state . The government has invested in a new capital , a major hydropower dam , railroads and related infrastructure to develop this primarily agricultural area . Tocantins has attracted hundreds of thousands of new residents , primarily to Palmas . It is building on its hydropower resources . The Araguaia and Tocantins rivers drain the largest watershed that lies entirely inside Brazilian territory .
Epsilon Canis Majoris ( Latinised from ε Canis Majoris , abbreviated Epsilon CMa , ε CMa ) is a binary star and , despite being designated ε ( epsilon ) , the second-brightest object in the constellation of Canis Major and one of the brightest stars in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of 1.50 . About 4.7 million years ago , it was the brightest star in the sky , with an apparent magnitude of −3.99 . Based upon parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission , it is about 430 light-years distant from the Sun . The two components are themselves designated ε Canis Majoris A ( also officially named Adhara /əˈdɛərə/ , the traditional name of the system ) and B .
Pará is a State of Brazil , located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River . It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá , Maranhão , Tocantins , Mato Grosso , Amazonas and Roraima . To the northwest are the borders of Guyana and Suriname , to the northeast of Pará is the Atlantic Ocean . The capital and largest city is Belém , which is located at the mouth of the Amazon . Pará is the most populous state of the northern region , with a population of over 7.5 million , being the ninth-most populous state in Brazil . It is the second-largest state of Brazil in area , with 1.2 million km² ( 460,000 square miles ) , second only to Amazonas upriver . Its most famous icons are the Amazon River and the Amazon Rainforest . Pará produces rubber ( extracted from natural rubber tree groves ) , tropical hardwoods such as mahogany , and minerals such as iron ore and bauxite . A new commodity crop is soy , cultivated in the region of Santarém . Every October , Belém receives tens of thousands of tourists for the year 's most important religious celebration : the procession of the Círio de Nazaré . Another important attraction of the capital is the Marajó-style ceramics , based on the extinct Marajoara culture , which developed on an island in the Amazon River .
Spica /ˈspaɪkə/ , designated α Virginis ( Latinised to Alpha Virginis , abbreviated Alpha Vir , α Vir ) , is the brightest object in the constellation Virgo and one of the 20 brightest stars in the night sky . Analysis of its parallax shows that it is located 250 ± 10 light years from the Sun . It is a spectroscopic binary star and rotating ellipsoidal variable ; a system whose two stars are so close together they are egg-shaped rather than spherical , and can only be separated by their spectra . The primary is a blue giant and a variable star of the Beta Cephei type . Spica , along with Arcturus and Denebola or Regulus depending on the source , is part of the Spring Triangle asterism , and by extension , also of the Great Diamond together with the star Cor Caroli .
Piauí ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ piawˈwi ] , [ pjɐwˈi ] ( listen ) ) is one of the states of Brazil , located in the country 's Northeast Region . Piauí has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66 km ( 41 mi ) , and the capital , Teresina , is the only state capital in the northeast to be located inland . The reason for this is , unlike the rest of the area , Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean , rather than the other way around . In the southeast of the state , the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world , in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga .
Antares /ænˈtɛəriːz/ , designated α Scorpii ( Latinised to Alpha Scorpii , abbreviated Alpha Sco , α Sco ) , is on average the fifteenth-brightest star in the night sky , and the brightest object in the constellation of Scorpius . Distinctly reddish when viewed with the naked eye , Antares is a slow irregular variable star that ranges in brightness from apparent magnitude +0.6 to +1.6 . Often referred to as the heart of the scorpion , Antares is flanked by σ Scorpii and τ Scorpii near the center of the constellation . Classified as a red supergiant of spectral type M1.5Iab-Ib , Antares is a red supergiant , a large evolved massive star . Its exact size remains uncertain , but if placed at the center of the Solar System it would reach to somewhere between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter . Its mass is calculated to be around 12 times that of the Sun . Antares is the brightest , most massive , and most evolved stellar member of the nearest OB association , the Scorpius-Centaurus Association . Antares is a member of the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the association , which contains thousands of stars with a mean age of 11 million years , about 170 parsecs ( 550 ly ) from Earth . Antares appears as a single star when viewed with the naked eye , but it is actually a binary star , with its two components called α Scorpii A and α Scorpii B . The brighter of the pair is the red supergiant , while the fainter is a hot main sequence star of magnitude 5.5 .
Maranhão ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ mɐɾɐˈɲɐ̃w ] ) is a state in Brazil . Located in the country 's Northeast Region , it has a population of about 7 million and an area of 332,000 km2 . Going clockwise from the north , it borders on the Atlantic Ocean and the states of Piauí , Tocantins and Pará . The people of Maranhão have a distinctive accent inside the common Northeastern Brazilian dialect . Maranhão is described in books such as The Land of the Palm Trees by Gonçalves Dias and Casa de Pensão by Aluísio Azevedo . The dunes of Lençóis are an important area of environmental preservation . Also of interest is the state capital of São Luís , designated a Unesco World Heritage Site . Another important conservation area is the Parnaíba River delta , between the states of Maranhão and Piauí , with its lagoons , desert dunes and deserted beaches or islands , such as the Caju island , which shelters rare birds .
Beta Scorpii ( β Scorpii , abbreviated Beta Sco , β Sco ) is a multiple star system in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius . It bore the traditional proper name of Acrab /ˈækræb/ , though the International Astronomical Union now regards that name as applying only to the β Scorpii Aa component .
Ceará ( [ seaˈɾa ] ( listen ) , locally in Ceará or in Northeast Region of Brazil the pronunciation is [ sɪaˈɾa ] ) is one of the 27 states of Brazil , located in the northeastern part of the country , on the Atlantic coast . It is the eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area . It is also one of the main tourist destinations in Brazil . The state capital is the city of Fortaleza , the country 's fourth most populous city . Literally , the name Ceará means sings the jandaia . According to José de Alencar , one of the most important writers of Brazil and an authority in Tupi Guaraní , Ceará means turquoise or green waters . There are also theories that the state name would derive from Siriará , a reference to the crabs from the seashore . The state is best known for its extensive coastline , with 600 kilometers ( 370 mi ) of sand . There are also mountains and valleys producing tropical fruits . To the south , on the border of Paraíba , Pernambuco and Piauí , is the National Forest of Araripe .
Epsilon Scorpii ( ε Scorpii , abbreviated Eps Sco , ε Sco ) , formally named Larawag /ˈlærəwæɡ/ , is a star in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius . It has an apparent visual magnitude of +2.3 , making it the fifth-brightest member of the constellation . Parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission provide an estimated distance to this star of around 63.7 light-years ( 19.5 parsecs ) from the Sun . Epsilon Scorpii has a stellar classification of K1 III , which indicates it has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and evolved into a giant star . The interferometry-measured angular diameter of this star , after correcting for limb darkening , is 5.99 ± 0.06 mas , which , at its estimated distance , equates to a physical radius of nearly 13 times the radius of the Sun . Presently it is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of helium at its core , which , considering the star 's composition , places it along an evolutionary branch termed the red clump . The star 's outer atmosphere has an effective temperature of 4,560 K , giving it the orange hue of a cool K-type star . ε Scorpii is classified as a suspected variable star , although a study of Hipparcos photometry showed a variation of no more than 0.01-0.02 magnitudes . It is an X-ray source with a luminosity of ( 1.5-1.6 ) × 1027 erg s−1 .
Alagoas ( [ alɐˈɡoɐs ] ( listen ) , [ ɐlɐˈɡow.wɐs ] ) is one of the 27 states of Brazil and is situated in the eastern part of the Northeast Region . It borders : Pernambuco ( N and NW ) ; Sergipe ( S ) ; Bahia ( SW ) ; and the Atlantic Ocean ( E ) . It occupies an area of 27,767 km2 , being slightly larger than Haiti . Its capital is the city of Maceió . It is made up of 102 municipalities and its most populous cities are Maceió , Arapiraca , Palmeira dos Índios , Rio Largo , Penedo , União dos Palmares , São Miguel dos Campos , Santana do Ipanema , Delmiro Gouveia , Coruripe , Marechal Deodoro , and Campo Alegre . It is the second smallest Brazilian state in area ( larger only than Sergipe ) , and with Sergipe it is sometimes called the Rhode Island of Brazil . It is 16th in population . It is also one of the largest producers of sugarcane and coconuts in the country , and has an economy based on cattle raising . Land of the sururu ( or Charru Mussel ) , lagoon shellfish which serves as food for the coastal population , and of coconut water , Alagoas also possesses some of the country 's richest folklore . Initially , the Alagoano territory constituted the southern part of the Captaincy of Pernambuco and only gained its autonomy in 1817 . Its occupation pushed the expansion of the captaincy 's sugarcane farming , which required new areas of cultivation , southward . Thus arose Porto Calvo , Alagoas ( now Marechal Deodoro ) and Penedo , nuclei which guided the colonization , economic , and social life of the region for a long time .
Theta Scorpii ( θ Scorpii , abbreviated Theta Sco , θ Sco ) is a binary star in the southern zodiac constellation of Scorpius . The apparent visual magnitude of this star is +1.87 , making it readily visible to the naked eye and one of the brightest stars in the night sky . It is sufficiently near that the distance can be measured directly using the parallax technique and such measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission yield an estimate of approximately 300 light-years ( 90 parsecs ) from the Sun . The two components are designated θ Scorpii A ( officially named Sargas /ˈsɑːrɡæs/ , the traditional name for the system ) and B .
Sergipe ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ sɛʁˈʒipi ] ( listen ) ) , officially State of Sergipe , is a state of Brazil . Located in the Northeast Region along the Atlantic coast of the country , Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil by geographical area at 21,910 km2 ( 8,459 sq mi ) , larger only than the Federal District . Sergipe borders Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north . Aracaju is the capital and the largest city in the state .
The Bayer designation ι Scorpii ( Iota Scorpii ) is shared by two stars in the constellation Scorpius :
Paraíba ( Tupi : pa'ra a'íba : bad for navigation ; Brazilian Portuguese : [ paɾaˈibɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a state of Brazil . It is located in the Brazilian Northeast , and it is bordered by Rio Grande do Norte to the north , Ceará to the west , Pernambuco to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the east . Paraíba is the third most densely populated state of the Northeast ; João Pessoa , the sea-bordered state capital , and Campina Grande , in the interior , rank among the fifteen-largest municipalities in the Northeast of Brazil . Paraíba is most populated along the Atlantic coast , which extends as far as Ponta do Seixas , the easternmost point of the Americas . The state is a tourist and industrial hotspot ; it is known for its cultural heritage , amenable climate and geographical features , ranging from the seaside beaches to the Borborema Plateau . It is named after the Paraíba river . Some of the most notable Brazilian writers and poets are from Paraíba like Augusto dos Anjos , José Américo de Almeida , José Lins do Rego , Ariano Suassuna and Pedro Américo , the last being also known for his historical paintings .
Kappa Scorpii , Latinized from κ Scorpii , is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Scorpius . With an apparent visual magnitude of 2.4 , this star system is readily visible to the naked eye . Parallax measurements place it at an estimated distance of roughly 480 light-years ( 150 parsecs ) from the Earth .
Rio Grande do Norte ( UK : /ˌriːuː ˌɡrændi duː ˈnɔːrti/ , US : /- ˌɡrɑːn-/ , Portuguese : [ ˈɦi.u ˈɡɾɐ̃di du ˈnɔhti̥ ] ( listen ) ; [ a ] lit . Great Northern River , in reference to the mouth of the Potengi River ) is one of the states of Brazil , located in the northeastern region of the country , occupying the northeasternmost tip of the South American continent . Because of its geographic position , Rio Grande do Norte has a strategic importance . The capital and largest city is Natal . It is the land of the folklorist Luís da Câmara Cascudo . Its 410 km ( 254 mi ) of sand , much sun , coconut palms and lagoons are responsible for the fame of beaches . Rocas Atoll , the only such feature in the Atlantic Ocean , is part of the state . The main economic activity is tourism , followed by the extraction of petroleum ( the second largest producer in the country ) , agriculture , fruit growing and extraction of minerals , including considerable production of seasalt , among other economic activities . The state is famous for having many popular attractions such as the Cashew of Pirangi ( the world 's largest cashew tree ) , the dunes and the dromedaries of Genipabu , the famous beaches of Ponta Negra , Maracajaú and Pipa 's paradise , the Carnatal the largest off-season carnival in Brazil , the Forte dos Reis Magos is a sixteenth-century fortress , the hills and mountains of Martins , the Natal Dunes State Park the second largest urban park in the country , and several other attractions . The state is also closest to the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha . In 2000-17 the murder rate rose by 655% . In 2017 , Rio Grande do Norte was the state with the highest murder rate in Brazil : 63.9 per 100,000 .
Lambda Scorpii ( Latinised from λ Scorpii , abbreviated Lambda Sco , λ Sco ) , formally named Shaula /ˈʃɔːlə/ , is , despite being designated λ ( Lambda ) , the second-brightest star system in the constellation of Scorpius , and one of the brightest stars in the night sky .
Pernambuco ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ pɛʁnɐ̃ˈbuku ] ( listen ) ) is a state of Brazil , located in the Northeast region of the country . The state of Pernambuco also includes the archipelago Fernando de Noronha . With an estimated population of 9.2 million people in 2013 , it is the seventh most populous state of Brazil , and is the sixth most densely populated and the 19th most extensive among the states and territories of the country . Its capital and largest city , Recife , is one of the most important economic and urban hubs in the country . As of 2013 estimates , Recife 's metropolitan area is the fifth most populous in the country , and the largest urban agglomeration in Northeast Brazil . In 1982 , the city of Olinda was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . Recife , the state capital and Olinda have one of the most traditional Brazilian Carnivals . Both have Portuguese architecture , with centuries-old casarões ( colonial houses ) and churches , kilometers of beaches and much culture . The proximity of the equator guarantees sunshine throughout the year , with average temperatures of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) .
The Bayer designation Mu Scorpii ( μ Sco , μ Scorpii ) is shared by two star systems , in the constellation Scorpius :
Mato Grosso do Sul ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈmatu ˈɡɾosu du ˈsuw ] ) is one of the Midwestern states of Brazil . Its total area of 357,125 square kilometers , or 137,891 square miles , is roughly the same size as Germany . Neighboring Brazilian states are ( from north clockwise ) Mato Grosso , Goiás , Minas Gerais , São Paulo and Paraná . It also borders the countries of Paraguay , to the southwest , and Bolivia , to the west . The economy of the state is largely based on agriculture and cattle-raising . Crossed in the south by the Tropic of Capricorn , Mato Grosso do Sul generally has a warm , sometimes hot , and humid climate , and is crossed by numerous tributaries of the Paraná River . The state is also known for its natural environment , and is a destination for domestic and international tourism . The Pantanal lowlands cover 12 municipalities and presents a variety of flora and fauna , with forests , natural sand banks , savannahs , open pasture , fields and bushes . The city Bonito , in the mountain of Bodoquena , has prehistoric caves , natural rivers , waterfalls , swimming pools and the Blue Lake cave . The name Mato Grosso do Sul is Portuguese for Thick Bushes of the South ; the name is inherited from its northern neighbour state of Mato Grosso , of which it was part until the 1970s . It is not uncommon for people to mistakenly refer to Mato Grosso do Sul as simply Mato Grosso . Other names that were proposed , at the time of the split and afterwards , include Pantanal ( a reference to its best known geographical feature ) and Maracaju ( a reference to the Maracaju Mountain Range that crosses the state from north to south ) .
Alphard /ˈælfɑːrd/ , designated Alpha Hydrae ( α Hydrae , abbreviated Alpha Hya , α Hya ) , is the brightest star in the constellation of Hydra . It is a single giant star , cooler than the sun but larger and more luminous . It is about 177 light years away .
Acre ( [ ˈakɾi ] ( listen ) ) is a state located in the northern region of Brazil . Located in the westernmost part of the country with a two hour time difference from Brasília , Acre is bordered clockwise by the Brazilian states of Amazonas to the north and northeast , Rondônia to the east , the Bolivian department of Pando to the southeast , and the Peruvian regions of Madre de Dios , Ucayali and Loreto to the south and west . It occupies an area of 152,581.4 km2 . Its capital and largest city is Rio Branco . Other important places include Cruzeiro do Sul , Sena Madureira , Tarauacá and Feijó . Intense extractive activity , which reached its height in the 20th century , attracted Brazilians from many regions to the state . From the mixture of sulista , southeastern Brazil , nordestino , and indigenous traditions arose a diverse cuisine , which unites sun-dried meat ( carne-de-sol ) with pirarucu , a typical fish of the region . Such dishes are seasoned with tucupi , a sauce made from manioc . Fluvial transport , concentrated on the Juruá and Moa rivers , in the western part of the state , and the Tarauacá and Envira Rivers in the northwest , is the principal form of transportation , especially between November and June , when rain leaves impassable the BR-364 , which connects Rio Branco to Cruzeiro do Sul .
Gamma Hydrae ( γ Hya , γ Hydrae ) is a star in the equatorial constellation of Hydra . It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.0 , placing it second in brightness among the members of this generally faint constellation . Based upon parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission , this star is at a distance of around 133.8 light-years ( 41.0 parsecs ) from Earth . The stellar spectrum matches a stellar classification of G8 III , with the luminosity class of III indicating it has evolved into a giant star after exhausting the supply of hydrogen at its core . It has nearly three times the mass of the Sun and 16 times the Sun 's radius . The star is radiating 115 times the Sun 's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,019 K. This heat gives it the yellow glow of a K-type star . Despite having reached an advanced stage in its evolution , it is considerably younger than the Sun with an age of around 372 million years . This is because higher mass stars consume their nuclear fuel at a more rapid rate .
São Paulo ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus . As the richest Brazilian state and a major industrial complex , often dubbed the locomotive of Brazil , the state is responsible for 33.9% of the Brazilian GDP . São Paulo also has the second highest Human Development Index ( HDI ) and GDP per capita , the fourth lowest infant mortality rate , the third highest life expectancy , and the third lowest rate of illiteracy among the federative units of Brazil , being by far , the safest state in the country . The homicide rate is 3.8 per 100 thousand as of 2018 , almost 1/4 of the Brazilian rate . São Paulo alone is richer than Argentina , Uruguay , Paraguay and Bolivia combined . The economy of São Paulo State is the most developed in Brazil . With more than 46 million inhabitants in 2019 , São Paulo is the most populous Brazilian state , the most populous national subdivision in the Americas , and the third most populous political unit of South America , surpassed only by the rest of the Brazilian Federation and Colombia . The local population is one of the most diverse in the country and descended mostly from Italians , who began immigrating to the country in the late 19th century ; of the Portuguese , who colonized Brazil and installed the first European settlements in the region ; indigenous peoples , many distinct ethnic groups ; Africans , who were brought from Africa as slaves in the colonial era and migrants from other regions of the country . In addition , Arabs , Germans , Spanish , Japanese , Chinese , and Greeks also are present in the ethnic composition of the local population . The area that today corresponds to the state territory was already inhabited by indigenous peoples from approximately 12,000 BC . In the early 16th century , the coast of the region was visited by Portuguese and Spanish explorers and navigators . In 1532 Martim Afonso de Sousa would establish the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas - the village of São Vicente , in the Baixada Santista .
Acrux /ˈeɪkrʌks/ , designated α Crucis ( Latinised to Alpha Crucis , abbreviated Alpha Cru , α Cru ) is a multiple star system 321 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Crux and part of the asterism known as the Southern Cross . With a combined visual magnitude of +0.76 , it is the brightest object in Crux and the 13th brightest star in the night sky . It is the southernmost first-magnitude star , 2.3 degrees more southerly than Alpha Centauri . To the naked eye Acrux appears as a single star , but it is actually a multiple star system containing six components . Through optical telescopes , Acrux appears as a triple star , whose two brightest components are visually separated by about 4 arcseconds and are known as Acrux A and Acrux B , α1 Crucis and α2 Crucis , or α Crucis A and α Crucis B . Both components are B-type stars , and are many times more massive and luminous than the Sun . α1 Crucis is itself a spectroscopic binary with components designated α Crucis Aa ( officially named Acrux , historically the name of the entire system ) and α Crucis Ab . Its two component stars orbit every 76 days at a separation of about 1 astronomical unit ( AU ) . Acrux C is a more distant companion star , forming a triple star through small telescopes .
Acrux /ˈeɪkrʌks/ , designated α Crucis ( Latinised to Alpha Crucis , abbreviated Alpha Cru , α Cru ) is a multiple star system 321 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Crux and part of the asterism known as the Southern Cross . With a combined visual magnitude of +0.76 , it is the brightest object in Crux and the 13th brightest star in the night sky . It is the southernmost first-magnitude star , 2.3 degrees more southerly than Alpha Centauri . To the naked eye Acrux appears as a single star , but it is actually a multiple star system containing six components . Through optical telescopes , Acrux appears as a triple star , whose two brightest components are visually separated by about 4 arcseconds and are known as Acrux A and Acrux B , α1 Crucis and α2 Crucis , or α Crucis A and α Crucis B . Both components are B-type stars , and are many times more massive and luminous than the Sun . α1 Crucis is itself a spectroscopic binary with components designated α Crucis Aa ( officially named Acrux , historically the name of the entire system ) and α Crucis Ab . Its two component stars orbit every 76 days at a separation of about 1 astronomical unit ( AU ) . Acrux C is a more distant companion star , forming a triple star through small telescopes .
Rio de Janeiro ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu ] River of January ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil . It has the second largest economy of Brazil , with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo . The state of Rio de Janeiro is located within the Brazilian geopolitical region classified as the Southeast ( assigned by IBGE ) . Rio de Janeiro shares borders with all the other states in the same Southeast macroregion : Minas Gerais ( N and NW ) , Espírito Santo ( NE ) and São Paulo ( SW ) . It is bounded on the east and south by the South Atlantic Ocean . Rio de Janeiro has an area of 43,653 km2 ( 16,855 sq mi ) . Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro , which was the capital of the Portuguese Colony of Brazil from 1763 to 1815 , of the following United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves from 1815 to 1822 , and of later independent Brazil as a kingdom and republic from 1822 to 1960 . The state 's 22 largest cities are Rio de Janeiro , São Gonçalo , Duque de Caxias , Nova Iguaçu , Niterói , Campos dos Goytacazes , Belford Roxo , São João de Meriti , Petrópolis , Volta Redonda , Magé , Macaé , Itaboraí , Cabo Frio , Armação dos Búzios , Angra dos Reis , Nova Friburgo , Barra Mansa , Barra do Piraí , Teresópolis , Mesquita and Nilópolis . Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast macroregion and one of the smallest in Brazil . It is , however , the third most populous Brazilian state , with a population of 16 million of people in 2011 ( making it the most densely populated state in Brazil ) and has the third longest coastline in the country ( after those of the states of Bahia and Maranhão ) . In the Brazilian flag , the state is represented by Mimosa , the beta star in the Southern Cross ( β Cru ) .
Mimosa /mɪˈmoʊsə/ , designated β Crucis ( Latinised to Beta Crucis , abbreviated Beta Cru , β Cru ) , is the second-brightest object in the constellation of Crux , after Acrux ( Alpha Crucis ) , and the 19th-brightest star in the night sky . It forms part of the prominent asterism called the Southern Cross . Mimosa is a binary star or a possible triple star system .
Bahia ( /bəˈhiːə/ ( listen ) ; locally [ baˈi.ɐ ] ) [ a ] is one of the 26 states of Brazil and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast . It is the 4th-largest Brazilian state by population ( after São Paulo , Minas Gerais , and Rio de Janeiro ) and the 5th-largest by area . Bahia 's capital is the city of Salvador ( formerly known as Cidade do São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos , lit . City of Holy Saviour of All Saints Bay ) , located on a spit of land separating the Bay of All Saints from the Atlantic . Once a monarchial stronghold dominated by agricultural , slaving , and ranching interests , Bahia is now a major manufacturing center whose last four elections have been dominated by the Workers ' Party .
Gacrux /ˈɡækrʌks/ , Gamma Crucis ( Latinised from γ Crucis , abbreviated Gamma Cru , γ Cru ) , is the nearest class M giant star to the Sun . With an apparent visual magnitude of +1.63 , this is the third-brightest star in the southern constellation of Crux ( the Southern Cross ) and is listed 26th of the brightest stars in the night sky . A line from the two Pointers , Alpha Centauri through Beta Centauri , leads to within 1° north of this star . Distance has been determined using parallax measurements made during the Hipparcos mission , yielding 88.6 light-years ( 27.2 parsecs ) from the Sun .