List of places of worship in Worthing
Open places of worship
Table:
Name

Image

Location

Denomination/
Affiliation

Grade

Notes

Refs

St Mary's Church

Broadwater
50°49′40″N 0°22′24″W﻿ / ﻿50.8278°N 0.3733°W﻿ / 50.8278; -0.3733﻿ (St Mary's Church, Broadwater)

Anglican

I

Broadwater's parish church has Saxon origins, but the present structure is late Norman. Nairn and Pevsner noted that the cruciform building, of flint with stone dressings, has impressive arches. The chancel was extensively remodelled in the 19th century.

[34][41]
[42][43]
[44][45]

St Mary's Church

Goring-by-Sea
50°48′47″N 0°25′29″W﻿ / ﻿50.8130°N 0.4246°W﻿ / 50.8130; -0.4246﻿ (St Mary's Church, Goring-by-Sea)

Anglican

II*

Decimus Burton rebuilt this late Norman church in the Gothic style in 1837. Hans Feibusch's mural representing Christ in Majesty, designed in 1954, is above the chancel arch. The exterior is rendered.

[43][46]
[47][48]
[49]

St Andrew's Church

West Tarring
50°49′29″N 0°23′45″W﻿ / ﻿50.8247°N 0.3958°W﻿ / 50.8247; -0.3958﻿ (St Andrew's Church, West Tarring)

Anglican

II*

West Tarring's partly 13th-century parish church, in the Early English style, has Italian mosaic designs by William Butterfield in 1885, when a major restoration took place. Its longstanding ecclesiastical status as a peculier of Canterbury Cathedral may have influenced its design.

[15][32]
[50][51]
[52]

Christ Church

Worthing
50°48′48″N 0°22′25″W﻿ / ﻿50.8132°N 0.3737°W﻿ / 50.8132; -0.3737﻿ (Christ Church, Worthing)

Anglican

II*

Worthing's second Anglican church, built in 1840–1843 as a chapel of ease to Broadwater and parished in 1855, was reprieved from closure in 2006. The flint building also uses artificial stone—an early example of this. The chancel was altered in 1894, when a hammerbeam roof—likened to Bryant and May matchsticks by Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel—was added.

[19][31]
[53][54]
[55][56]
[57][58]

St Symphorian's Church

Durrington
50°50′11″N 0°24′48″W﻿ / ﻿50.8364°N 0.4133°W﻿ / 50.8364; -0.4133﻿ (St Symphorian's Church, Durrington)

Anglican

II

The ancient parish church was wrecked during the English Civil War, and remained disused until Lacy W. Ridge built a new structure incorporating its remains. It opened in 1916 and was extended (with a chancel) in 1941.

[1][59]
[60][61]
[62]

St George's Church

East Worthing
50°48′51″N 0°21′26″W﻿ / ﻿50.8142°N 0.3573°W﻿ / 50.8142; -0.3573﻿ (St George's Church, East Worthing)

Anglican

II

George Truefitt's Bargate stone, Decorated Gothic-style church was consecrated in 1868 and extended in 1875 and 1884. The chancel and adjacent aisle have large apses, and there is a bell-tower with a spirelet. The interior was refitted in 1990–91.

[31][43]
[63][64]
[65][66]
[67]

St Botolph's Church

Heene
50°48′49″N 0°23′12″W﻿ / ﻿50.8136°N 0.3867°W﻿ / 50.8136; -0.3867﻿ (St Botolph's Church, Heene)

Anglican

II

The ancient chapel at Heene, was ruined by the 18th century and partly dismantled in 1766. A fragment remains near the present church flint and stone church, built in the Early English style in 1873 by Edmund Scott and enlarged in 1905.

[14][43]
[64][68]
[69][70]

St John the Divine Church

West Worthing
50°48′53″N 0°24′01″W﻿ / ﻿50.8147°N 0.4004°W﻿ / 50.8147; -0.4004﻿ (St John the Divine Church, West Worthing)

Anglican

II

In 1937, N.F. Cachemaille-Day built a brick and flint church to replace a mission chapel linked to St Botolph's. This building of 1900 was incorporated into the new structure, which was extended in 1965 when the short, broad tower and spire were added.

[43][64]
[71][72]

Holy Trinity Church

Worthing
50°48′41″N 0°22′43″W﻿ / ﻿50.8113°N 0.3786°W﻿ / 50.8113; -0.3786﻿ (Holy Trinity Church, Worthing)

Anglican

II

Late 19th-century housing development in the Gratwicke area west of the town centre resulted in the building of this church in 1882–1883. It was parished almost immediately. Henry Coe and S. Robinson's Early English design, in dark red brick, lacked the present tower; this was added in 1888.

[31][32]
[55][67]
[73]
[74]

St Andrew's Church

Worthing
50°48′55″N 0°22′39″W﻿ / ﻿50.8153°N 0.3774°W﻿ / 50.8153; -0.3774﻿ (St Andrew's Church, Worthing)

Anglican

II

Worthing's first "High Church" Anglican church was so controversial that it stood unused for six years while liturgical differences were thrashed out. Arthur Blomfield's Early English church, eventually consecrated in 1888, uses flint and stonework extensively.

[31][64]
[75][76]
[77][78]

Queen Street Church Centre

Broadwater
50°49′26″N 0°22′34″W﻿ / ﻿50.8240°N 0.3760°W﻿ / 50.8240; -0.3760﻿ (Queen Street Church Centre, Broadwater)

Anglican

–

This combined church and community centre was built in 1993–1994 on the site of the former Broadwater Mission Hall, administered from St Mary's Church. The present church is part of St Mary's parish.

[18][34]
[79]

St Stephen's Church

East Worthing
50°49′23″N 0°21′37″W﻿ / ﻿50.8231°N 0.3604°W﻿ / 50.8231; -0.3604﻿ (St Stephen's Church, East Worthing)

Anglican

–

Between 1929 and 1959, this was a mission chapel to St Mary's Church in Broadwater; but it was consecrated in 1959 and became a separate church in its own right. It remains within the parish of St Mary's.

[1][34]
[79]

All Saints Church

Findon Valley
50°51′01″N 0°23′45″W﻿ / ﻿50.8504°N 0.3959°W﻿ / 50.8504; -0.3959﻿ (All Saints Church, Findon Valley)

Anglican

–

A church hall, erected in 1936, was used for services in this interwar housing estate until Keir Hett's brick church of 1956 was consecrated on 22 February of that year. The congregation chose the dedication. The church was parished in 1989, and St Peter's Church at High Salvington was added to the parish in 2010.

[18][80]
[81]

St Laurence's Church

Goring-by-Sea
50°48′32″N 0°24′27″W﻿ / ﻿50.8090°N 0.4074°W﻿ / 50.8090; -0.4074﻿ (St Laurence's Church, Goring-by-Sea)

Anglican

–

Part of the parish of Goring-by-Sea, this church was founded in 1936. An attached hall was added in 1962. The interior has a 15th-century altarpiece retrieved from St Mary's Church, Slaugham.

[43][82]

St Peter's Church

High Salvington
50°50′55″N 0°24′29″W﻿ / ﻿50.8485°N 0.4081°W﻿ / 50.8485; -0.4081﻿ (St Peter's Church, High Salvington)

Anglican

–

The vicar of St Symphorian's Church paid for a tin tabernacle to be erected in High Salvington in 1928. It was part of St Symphorian's parish between 1951 and 2010—since when it has been linked to All Saints Church at Findon Valley—and is Worthing's only iron church.

[1][59]
[64][81]
[83]

St Richard's Church

Maybridge
50°49′16″N 0°25′06″W﻿ / ﻿50.8210°N 0.4183°W﻿ / 50.8210; -0.4183﻿ (St Richard's Church, Maybridge)

Anglican

–

This postwar housing estate north of Goring-by-Sea received a permanent church in 1966, when Romilly Craze's brick building opened. A church hall had accommodated services since 1954. A parish was created in 1980.

[1][64]

St Matthew's Church

Worthing
50°49′04″N 0°22′59″W﻿ / ﻿50.8179°N 0.3830°W﻿ / 50.8179; -0.3830﻿ (St Matthew's Church, Worthing)

Anglican

–

R.S. Hyde's Early English-style church has an apse and a narrow flèche, and uses locally quarried flint. It was built in 1899 and extended with vestries and aisles in 1911.

[1][31]
[64][84]

Broadwater Baptist Church

Broadwater
50°49′37″N 0°21′53″W﻿ / ﻿50.8270°N 0.3648°W﻿ / 50.8270; -0.3648﻿ (Broadwater Baptist Church)

Baptist

–

R.W. Brough's 1968 brick structure is the successor to a church hall used since 1937 by Broadwater's Baptist community, which had first met in 1881 in a former stable. Another building on a different site was also used between 1904 and 1937.

[23][26]
[61]

New Life Baptist Church

Durrington
50°50′07″N 0°24′26″W﻿ / ﻿50.8354°N 0.4073°W﻿ / 50.8354; -0.4073﻿ (New Life Baptist Church, Durrington)

Baptist

–

This church acquired its name in 1985 but has its origins in a Free Church of 1912 which became Baptist in 1943. The present brick building, replacing the earlier structure, was completed in 1939.

[23][61]
[85]

East Worthing Baptist Church

East Worthing
50°48′56″N 0°21′09″W﻿ / ﻿50.8156°N 0.3525°W﻿ / 50.8156; -0.3525﻿ (East Worthing Baptist Church)

Baptist

–

In 1933, an Evangelical community founded a church in East Worthing; it was opened by Worthing's mayor the following year. The Baptist Church acquired the building, a brick structure designed by T.R. Hyde, in 1946.

[23][85]

Based on the following table along with the background passages listed at the end.

State the answer to the question: What is the location of the church that was surrounded by controversy from the moment it was built ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

St. Mary 's Church , Broadwater , is a Church of England parish church in the Worthing Deanery of the Diocese of Chichester . It serves the ecclesiastical parish of Broadwater , West Sussex and is named after St. Mary . St Mary 's is one of several churches in this benefice along with Queen Street Fellowship and St. Stephen 's Church . Also Hosanna meeting on Sundays in the Broadwater Church of England Primary school until Hosanna was merged into St Mary 's in 2018 .
Broadwater is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Situated between the South Downs and the English Channel , Broadwater was once a parish in its own right and included Worthing when the latter was a small fishing hamlet . Before its incorporation into the Borough of Worthing in 1902 Broadwater also included the manor of Offington to the north . It borders Tarring to the west , Sompting to the east , and East Worthing to the south-east .
The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England . The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric , although the monarch is the supreme governor . The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion . It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century , and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury . The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534 . The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI 's regents , before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip . The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach , and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed :
The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries . In particular the term is traditionally used for English Romanesque architecture . The Normans introduced large numbers of castles and fortifications including Norman keeps , and at the same time monasteries , abbeys , churches and cathedrals , in a style characterised by the usual Romanesque rounded arches ( particularly over windows and doorways ) and especially massive proportions compared to other regional variations of the style .
Ian Douglas Nairn ( 24 August 1930 - 14 August 1983 ) was a British architectural critic who coined the word Subtopia to indicate drab suburbs that look identical through unimaginative town-planning . He published two strongly personalised critiques of London and Paris , and collaborated with Sir Nikolaus Pevsner , who considered his reports to be too subjective , but acknowledged him as the better writer .
Sir Nikolaus Bernhard Leon Pevsner CBE FBA ( 30 January 1902 - 18 August 1983 ) was a German-British art historian and architectural historian best known for his monumental 46-volume series of county-by-county guides , The Buildings of England ( 1951-74 ) .
Flint is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz , categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone . Flint was widely used historically to make stone tools and start fires . It occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks , such as chalks and limestones . Inside the nodule , flint is usually dark grey , black , green , white or brown in colour , and often has a glassy or waxy appearance . A thin layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour , typically white and rough in texture . The nodules can often be found along streams and beaches . Flint breaks and chips into sharp-edged pieces , making it useful for knife blades and other cutting tools . The use of flint to make stone tools dates back millions of years , and flint 's extreme durability has made it possible to accurately date its use over this time . Flint is one of the primary materials used to define the Stone Age . During the Stone Age , access to flint was so important for survival that people would travel or trade to obtain flint . Flint Ridge in Ohio was an important source of flint and Native Americans extracted the flint from hundreds of quarries along the ridge . This Ohio Flint was traded across the eastern United States and has been found as far west as the Rocky Mountains and south around the Gulf of Mexico .
St Mary 's Church is an Anglican church in the Goring-by-Sea area of the Borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . The late Norman parish church of the ancient village of Goring retains some architectural elements from that period , but Decimus Burton 's comprehensive restoration of 1837 has given the church its present Gothic Revival exterior appearance . German artist Hans Feibusch , who worked extensively in the Diocese of Chichester , provided a mural in 1954 : it is considered impressive , but caused controversy at the time . English Heritage has listed the church at Grade II* for its architectural and historical importance .
Goring-by-Sea , commonly referred to simply as Goring , is a neighbourhood and former civil parish in Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies west of West Worthing , about 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) west of Worthing town centre . Historically in Sussex , in the rape of Arundel , Goring has been part of the borough of Worthing since 1929 .
Decimus Burton FRS FRSA FSA FRIBA ( 30 September 1800 - 14 December 1881 ) was one of the foremost English architects and urban designers of the 19th century . :72 He was the foremost Victorian architect in the Roman revival- , Greek revival- , Georgian neoclassical- , and Regency styles . He was accomplished also in the cottage orné- , picturesque- , and neogothic styles . He was a founding Fellow and , later , Vice-President , of the Royal Institute of British Architects , and architect to the Royal Botanic Society from 1840 and an early member of the Athenaeum Club , London , whose club premises he designed and the company of father , James Burton , the pre-eminent property developer of Georgian London , built . Modern architectural historians , such as Guy Williams ( 1990 ) and Dana Arnold ( 2004 ) , contend that Decimus Burton 's contribution to architecture has been grossly underestimated by previous architectural historians : as a consequence of the misattribution to Nash of many of his works ; of his undeserved vituperation by his neo-gothic nemesis , Augustus W. N. Pugin ; and of the consequent retention of his archives by his family . Decimus Burton 's projects include Hyde Park , London ( including the Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner , Wellington Arch , Cumberland Gate , Stanhope Gate , Grosvenor Gate , and the Prince of Wales 's Gate , Knightsbridge ) ; Green Park and St James 's Park ; Regent 's Park , London ( including Cornwall Terrace , York Terrace , Clarence Terrace , Chester Terrace , and the villas of the Inner Circle ( which included his own mansion , The Holme , and the original Winfield House ) ; the enclosure of the forecourt of Buckingham Palace , from which he had Nash 's Marble Arch facing the Palace moved to its present site ; the Clubhouse of the Athenaeum Club , London ; Carlton House Terrace ; Spring Gardens , St. James 's Park ; and the Palm House and the Temperate House at Kew Gardens . Outside London , Burton planned , and designed architecture of , the seaside towns of St Leonards-on-Sea and Fleetwood , and of the spa town Tunbridge Wells . His development of the Calverley Estate , of which only a small proportion survives , that contained elements of the neoclassical- , the Old English- , and the neogothic styles , was highly commended : it has been described as ' a landmark in English domestic architecture ' . For two decades he was engaged on a vast landscaping project to renovate Phoenix Park in Dublin . He was the architect of Dublin Zoo , and of the renewal of the sea-side resort of Queenstown . Decimus was the tenth child of James Burton , the pre-eminent property developer of Georgian London . He was taught by his father , James Burton , Sir John Soane , and John Nash .
English Gothic is an architectural style , which originated in France and flourished in England from about 1180 until about 1520 . As with the Gothic architecture of other parts of Europe , English Gothic is defined by its pointed arches , vaulted roofs , buttresses , large windows , and spires . The Gothic style was introduced from France , where the various elements had first been used together within a single building at the choir of the Basilique Saint-Denis north of Paris , built by the Abbot Suger and dedicated on 11 June 1144 . The earliest large-scale applications of Gothic architecture in England are at Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey . Many features of Gothic architecture had evolved naturally from Romanesque architecture ( often known in England as Norman architecture ) . This evolution can be seen most particularly at the Norman Durham Cathedral , which has the earliest pointed ribbed high vault known . English Gothic was to develop along lines that sometimes paralleled and sometimes diverged from those of continental Europe . Historians traditionally divide English Gothic into a number of different periods , which may be further subdivided to accurately define different styles . Gothic architecture continued to flourish in England for a hundred years after the precepts of Renaissance architecture were formalised in Florence in the early 15th century . The Gothic style gave way to the Renaissance in the later 16th and 17th centuries , but was revived in the late 18th century as an academic style and had great popularity as Gothic Revival architecture throughout the 19th century . Many of the largest and finest works of English architecture , notably the medieval cathedrals of England , are largely built in the Gothic style . So are numerous castles , palaces , great houses , universities , and many smaller unpretentious secular buildings , including almshouses and trade halls .
Hans Nathan Feibusch ( 15 August 1898 - 18 July 1998 ) was a German painter and sculptor of Jewish heritage who lived and worked in Britain from 1933 until his death . He is best known for his murals , particularly in Anglican churches . In all he worked in thirty Anglican churches ( 28 as a muralist , and two - including Ely Cathedral - as sculptor only ) and produced what is probably the largest body of work in his particular métier by any artist in the history of the Church of England . [ citation needed ]
Christ in Majesty or Christ in Glory ( Latin : Maiestas Domini ) is the Western Christian image of Christ seated on a throne as ruler of the world , always seen frontally in the centre of the composition , and often flanked by other sacred figures , whose membership changes over time and according to the context . The image develops from Early Christian art , as a depiction of the Heavenly throne as described in 1 Enoch , Daniel 7 , and The Apocalypse of John . In the Byzantine world , the image developed slightly differently into the half-length Christ Pantocrator , Christ , Ruler of All , a usually unaccompanied figure , and the Deesis , where a full-length enthroned Christ is entreated by Mary and St. John the Baptist , and often other figures . In the West , the evolving composition remains very consistent within each period until the Renaissance , and then remains important until the end of the Baroque , in which the image is ordinarily transported to the sky .
Stucco or render is a construction material made of aggregates , a binder , and water . Stucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid . It is used as a decorative coating for walls and ceilings , and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture . Stucco may be used to cover less visually appealing construction materials , such as metal , concrete , cinder block , or clay brick and adobe . In English , stucco usually refers to a coating for the outside of a building and plaster to a coating for interiors ; as described below , the material itself is often little different . However , other European languages , notably including Italian , do not have the same distinction ; stucco means plaster in Italian and serves for both . This has led to English-speakers sometimes using stucco for interior decorative plasterwork in relief .
St Andrew 's Church is the Church of England parish church of Tarring , West Sussex , England . Founded in the 11th century in a then rural parish which had earlier been granted to the Archbishop of Canterbury , the church remained a peculier of Canterbury for many centuries thereafter . It served nearby parishes when their churches fell into disrepair , John Selden was baptised here , and the church became a base for smuggling . The present building is mostly 13th-century , and its tall spire is a landmark in the area . The church is a Grade II* Listed Building .
Tarring , officially West Tarring , is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies on the A2031 road 1.2 miles ( 1.9 km ) north-west of the town centre . It is called West Tarring , or less commonly Tarring Peverell , to differentiate it from Tarring Neville near Lewes .
William Butterfield ( 7 September 1814 - 23 February 1900 ) was a Gothic Revival architect and associated with the Oxford Movement ( or Tractarian Movement ) . He is noted for his use of polychromy .
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury , Kent , is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England . It forms part of a World Heritage Site . It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury , currently Justin Welby , leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion . Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury . Founded in 597 , the cathedral was completely rebuilt between 1070 and 1077 . The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the 12th century , and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a fire in 1174 , with significant eastward extensions to accommodate the flow of pilgrims visiting the shrine of Thomas Becket , the archbishop who was murdered in the cathedral in 1170 . The Norman nave and transepts survived until the late 14th century , when they were demolished to make way for the present structures . Before the English Reformation the cathedral was part of a Benedictine monastic community known as Christ Church , Canterbury , as well as being the seat of the archbishop .
Christ Church and its burial grounds in Worthing , England , were consecrated in 1843 by the Bishop of Chichester , Ashurst Turner Gilbert , to meet the need for church accommodation for the poor . Built by subscription between 1840 and 1843 , the Church was initially regarded as a chapel of ease to St Mary 's Church in Broadwater . The chapel of ease was upgraded to the status of church with its own parish in 1855 . Christ Church is the second oldest Church of England church still standing in Worthing town centre , after St Paul 's Church which stands 100 metres to the east at the opposite end of Ambrose Place . Standing at 85 feet ( 26 metres ) tall Christ Church is one of Worthing 's most dominant flint buildings . The church was built mainly to provide church accommodation for the poor in Worthing , since the existing chapel of ease , now St Paul 's Church , was funded as a proprietary chapel and so excluded the poor .
Worthing ( /ˈwɜːrðɪŋ/ ) is a large seaside town in England , and district with borough status in West Sussex . It is situated at the foot of the South Downs , 10 miles ( 16 km ) west of Brighton , and 18 miles ( 29 km ) east of the county town of Chichester . With an estimated population of about 110,000 and an area of 12.5 square miles ( 32.37 km2 ) , the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation , which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom . Since 2010 , northern parts of the borough , including the Worthing Downland Estate , have formed part of the South Downs National Park . In April 2019 , the Art Deco Worthing Pier was dubbed the best in Britain . The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain 's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines , which are some of the earliest mines in Europe . Lying within the borough , the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain 's largest . Worthing means ( place of ) Worth/Worō 's people , from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō ( the name means valiant one , one who is noble ) , and -ingas people of ( reduced to -ing in the modern name ) . The recorded history of Worthing began with the Domesday Book . It is historically part of Sussex in the rape of Bramber , although Goring , which forms part of the rape of Arundel , was incorporated in 1929 . For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day . In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain 's chief market gardening centres .
A chapel of ease ( or chapel-of-ease ) is a church building other than the parish church , built within the bounds of a parish for the attendance of those who can not reach the parish church conveniently .
A hammerbeam roof is a decorative , open timber roof truss typical of English Gothic architecture and has been called .the most spectacular endeavour of the English Medieval carpenter . They are traditionally timber framed , using short beams projecting from the wall on which the rafters land , essentially a tie beam which has the middle cut out . These short beams are called hammer-beams and give this truss its name . A hammerbeam roof can have a single , double or false hammerbeam truss .
Bryant & May was a British company created in the mid-19th century specifically to make matches . Their original Bryant & May Factory was located in Bow , London . They later opened other match factories in the United Kingdom and Australia , such as the Bryant & May Factory , Melbourne , and owned match factories in other parts of the world . Bryant & May survived as an independent company for over seventy years , but went through a series of mergers with other match companies and later with consumer products companies ; and were taken over . The registered trade name Bryant & May still exists and it is owned by Swedish Match , as are many of the other registered trade names of the other , formerly independent , companies within the Bryant & May group .
Harry Stuart Goodhart-Rendel ( 1887 , Cambridge - 1959 , Westminster , London ) was an English architect , writer and musician .
St Symphorian 's Church is an Anglican church in the Durrington area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . The original 13th-century chapelry declined and fell into ruins in the 17th century , partly due to damage caused by the English Civil War . Anglican worship was re-established in a tin tabernacle in 1890 as the former village grew into a suburb of Worthing , and during World War I a permanent church was built . It was extended during World War II . English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance .
Durrington is a neighbourhood and former civil parish in the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . Historically in Sussex , in the rape of Bramber , it is situated near the A27 road , 2.3 miles ( 3.7 km ) northwest of the town centre . Since 1992 it has been home to the community-led Durrington Festival .
The English Civil War ( 1642-1651 ) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ) principally over the manner of England 's governance . The first ( 1642-1646 ) and second ( 1648-1649 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649-1651 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649-1653 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-1658 ) and briefly his son Richard ( 1658-1659 ) . A king had never been executed before . In England , the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship was ended , while in Ireland the victors consolidated the established Protestant Ascendancy . Constitutionally , the wars established the precedent that an English monarch can not govern without Parliament 's consent , although the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688 .
St George 's Church is an Anglican church in the East Worthing area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . Built in 1867-68 to serve new residential development in the southeast of the town , the Decorated Gothic-style structure was extended later in the 19th century , and expanded its reach further by founding three mission halls elsewhere in Worthing . English Heritage has listed it at Grade C for its architectural and historical importance .
Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone . It owes its yellow , butter or honey colouring to the high iron oxide content , thus can also be considered ironstone . Its closest relation in England is Yorkstone which is usually paler .
In architecture , an apse ( plural apses ; from Latin absis : arch , vault from Greek ἀψίς apsis arch ; sometimes written apsis , plural apsides ) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome , also known as an exedra . In Byzantine , Romanesque , and Gothic Christian church ( including cathedral and abbey ) architecture , the term is applied to a semi-circular or polygonal termination of the main building at the liturgical east end ( where the altar is ) , regardless of the shape of the roof , which may be flat , sloping , domed , or hemispherical . Smaller apses may also be in other locations , especially shrines .
St Botolph 's Church is an Anglican church in the Heene area of the borough of Worthing , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . It had 11th-century origins as a chapelry within the parish of West Tarring , but declined and fell into disuse by the 18th century . Neighbouring Worthing 's rapid development as a seaside resort in the 19th century encouraged residential growth around the ancient village of Heene , and a new church with the same dedication was built to serve both Heene and the high-class planned estate of West Worthing . Edmund Scott 's Early English Gothic-style church ( listed at Grade C ) stands next to the fragmentary ruins of the old church , which are listed separately at Grade II .
West Worthing is a neighbourhood of Worthing in West Sussex , England that was developed within Heene and later expanded beyond Heene 's boundaries . Intended as an exclusive resort , the township of West Worthing was developed from around 1864 and merged with the formerly separate township of Worthing in 1890 , when Worthing gained borough status . Heene is a former civil parish , now part of the borough of Worthing . It lies on the A259 road 0.6 miles ( 1 km ) west of the town centre . Once part of the parish of West Tarring , Heene was a civil parish in its own right from the 16th century until 1902 .
Nugent Francis Cachemaille-Day ( 1896-1976 ) , often referred to as NF Cachemaille-Day , was an English architect who designed some of the most revolutionary 20th-century churches in the country . His Church of St Nicholas , Burnage has been called a milestone in the history of church architecture in England . After training at the Architectural Association , Cachemaille-Day set up practice with Felix Lander and Herbert Welch as Welch , Cachemaille-Day , and Lander in 1929 . Their work included the Haymills Estate in Hanger Hill . In 1935 Cachemaille-Day began an independent practice . Shortly afterwards he designed the Church of St Michael and All Angels , Northenden ( 1936-37 ) , which well illustrates his absorption of Continental experiments . Pevsner described it as a sensational church for its country and its day . From the 1930s he became known for his churches , some of which are the most innovative ecclesiastical buildings of their time . He was one of the leading English architects to embrace the Liturgical Movement . Between 1931 and 1963 he designed at least 61 churches , many of which are now listed buildings . His churches include St Alban 's Church , Southampton and the Church of St Nicholas , Burnage . The interior of St Barnabas , in Stroud Road , Gloucester , built at the foot of the Cotswolds in an estate south of the city , distills Gothic architecture into pure , simple gestures of interchanging arches within a huge hall church : the energy and dance of the Gothic is at the heart of this design , setting up a majestic yet lively space , its scale suggesting the ambition of a cathedral builder .
St Andrew the Apostle ( in full , the Church of St Andrew the Apostle ) is an Anglican church in Worthing , West Sussex , England . Built between 1885 and 1886 in the Early English Gothic style by Sir Arthur Blomfield , one of the last great Gothic revivalists , the church was embroiled in controversy as soon as it was founded . During a period of religious unrest in the town , theological tensions within Anglicanism between High church Anglo-Catholics and Low church Anglicans were inflamed by what the latter group saw as the church 's idolatrous Roman Catholic-style fittings - in particular , a statue of the Virgin Mary which was seized upon by opponents as an example of a reversion to Catholic-style worship in the Church of England . The Worthing Madonna dispute delayed the consecration of the church by several years . English Heritage has listed the building at Grade C for its architectural and historical importance , and the adjacent vestry and vicarage are listed separately at Grade II .
Sir Arthur William Blomfield ARA FRIBA ( 6 March 1829 - 30 October 1899 ) was an English architect . He became president of the Architectural Association in 1861 ; a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1867 and vice-president of the RIBA in 1886 . He was educated at Trinity College , Cambridge , where he read Architecture .
Findon Valley is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . It lies on the A24 road 2.9 miles ( 4.7 km ) north of the town centre . The settlement of Findon Valley is named after the dry valley through the South Downs on which it lies . Like other dry downland valleys , Findon Valley was created during the last ice age when chalk that was being frozen prevented water from seeping downwards through the chalk . In summer , streams of melting ice would flow down off the Weald across the Downs , creating the dry valleys such as Findon Valley . The settlement of Findon Valley is bordered to the west and east by land in the South Downs National Park . To the west , it is bordered by parkland and downland known as 'the Gallops ' and to the east by the steep slopes of Mount Carvey which forms part of the Worthing Downland Estate and to the north-east the prehistoric site of Cissbury . It is separated from the village of Findon by a strategic gap - also part of the South Downs National Park . Findon Valley was built from the 1930s to 1950s , with its library having been built in 1958 . It is also home to the Vale School , All Saints Parish Church , Findon Valley Free Church and a parade of shops . Notable former residents of Findon Valley include the composer Charles Williams . Also , Rose Setten , winner in 2004 of BBC Young Choirgirl of the Year , was formerly head chorister of All Saints Church .
In the context of the history of the 20th century , the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939 . This period is also colloquially referred to as Between the Wars . Despite the relatively short period of time , this period represented an era of significant changes worldwide . Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation expanded dramatically leading to the Roaring Twenties , a period of economic prosperity and growth for the middle class in North America , Europe and many other parts of the world . Automobiles , electric lighting , radio broadcasts and more became commonplace among populations in the developed world . The indulgences of this era subsequently were followed by the Great Depression , an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn which severely damaged many of the world 's largest economies . Politically , this era coincided with the rise of communism , starting in Russia with the October Revolution and Russian Civil War , at the end of World War I , and ended with the rise of fascism , particularly in Germany and in Italy . China was in the midst of a half-century of instability and civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China . The empires of Britain , France and others faced challenges as imperialism was increasingly viewed negatively in Europe , and independence movements emerged in many colonies ; the southern part of Ireland became independent after much fighting . The Ottoman , Austro-Hungarian and German empires were dismantled , while the Ottoman and German colonies were redistributed among the Allies , chiefly Britain and France . The western parts of the Russian Empire , Estonia , Finland , Latvia , Lithuania and Poland became independent nations in their own right , while Bessarabia ( modern-day Moldova ) chose to reunify with Romania . The Russian communists managed to regain control of the other East Slavic states , Central Asia , and the Caucasus , forming the Soviet Union .
An altarpiece is an artwork such as a painting , sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing behind the altar of a Christian church . Though most commonly used for a single work of art such as a painting or sculpture , or a set of them , the word can also be used of the whole ensemble behind an altar , otherwise known as a reredos , including what is often an elaborate frame for the central image or images . Altarpieces were one of the most important products of Christian art especially from the late Middle Ages to the era of the Counter-Reformation . Large number of altarpieces are now removed from their church settings , and often their elaborate sculpted frameworks , and displayed as more simply framed paintings in museums and other places .
St Mary 's Church is an Anglican church in the village of Slaugham in Mid Sussex , one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex . The 12th- and 13th-century church , restored in the Victorian era , serves a large rural area of the Sussex Weald , covering three villages ( each with current or former chapels of ease of their own ) as well as the ancient settlement of Slaugham . It also controlled the church in the market town of Crawley - now one of the area 's largest towns - for the first few centuries of its existence . A locally important family built a private chapel in the church in the 17th century , and a series of memorials to deceased family members are considered to be excellent examples of their type . English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II* for its architectural and historical importance .
High Salvington is a neighbourhood of the Borough of Worthing in West Sussex , England . It is centred 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) northwest of the town centre and is north of the A27 .
A tin tabernacle is a type of prefabricated ecclesiastical building made from corrugated galvanised iron . They were developed in the mid-19th century initially in the United Kingdom . Corrugated iron was first used for roofing in London in 1829 by civil engineer Henry Robinson Palmer , and the patent was later sold to Richard Walker who advertised portable buildings for export in 1832 . The technology for producing the corrugated sheets improved , and to prevent corrosion , the sheets were galvanised with a coating of zinc , a process developed by Stanislas Sorel in Paris in the 1830s . After 1850 , many types of prefabricated buildings were produced , including churches , chapels and mission halls .
In Western usage , the phrase post-war era or postwar era ( sometimes capitalized ) usually refer to the time since the end of World War II , even though many nations involved in this war have been involved in other wars since . More broadly , a post-war period or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war . A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum , when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date ( such as the period between World War I and World War II ) . By contrast , a post-war period marks the cessation of conflict entirely .
Romilly Bernard Craze ( 1892-1974 ) was an English architect .
In French architecture , a flèche ( Fr . for arrow ) is a lead-covered timber spire , or spirelet . These are placed on the ridges of church or cathedral roofs and are usually relatively small . However , larger versions can be found on cathedrals such as Amiens Cathedral , Coventry Cathedral , and previously Notre-Dame de Paris , before its collapse in a 2019 fire that also destroyed the roof . The highest flèche in the world was built at the end of the 19th century for Rouen Cathedral . Its height is 157 metres ( 515 ft ) .
A vestry was a committee for the local secular and ecclesiastical government for a parish in England and Wales , which originally met in the vestry or sacristy of the parish church , and consequently became known colloquially as the vestry . For many centuries the vestries were the sole de facto local government and presided over local , communal fundraising and expenditure until the mid or late 19th century with local Established Church chairmanship . More punitive matters tended to be dealt with by the manorial court and hundred court during the epoch of the vestries . Their initial power derived from custom and was very occasionally ratified by the common law or asserted in statute such as the Elizabethan Poor Law . At the high point of their powers before removal of Poor Law responsibilities in 1834 , the vestries spent not far short of one-fifth of the budget of the British government which derived much of its income from global trade and imperialism . Secular and ecclesiastical aspects of the vestries were separated , for all areas where they had not earlier been , under a reforming statute of 1894 . Their secular duties have been performed in England since then by parish councils or more superior councils , leaving their ecclesiastical duties to the Church of England where they have been performed by parochial church councils ( PCCs ) since 1921 . Realised secularisation of local government was opposed by administrations of the Tory Party preceding the Third Salisbury ministry , the British government led by Lord Salisbury from 1895 to 1900 and several earlier influential High Whigs . A public right in the PCC ( church ) meeting remains in that all Members of an overlapping civil parish can speak at their annual meetings ( which may appoint churchwardens for instance ) . A right to tax by a PCC for church chancel repairs remains as to liable ( apportioned ) local residents and businesses across an apportioned area of many church parishes , in the form of chancel repair liability however in some tithes were replaced by no further such taxation .
Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing believers only ( believer 's baptism , as opposed to infant baptism ) , and doing so by complete immersion ( as opposed to affusion or aspersion ) . Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul competency ( the responsibility and accountability of every person before God ) , sola fide ( salvation by faith alone ) , sola scriptura ( scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice ) and congregationalist church government . Baptists generally recognize two ordinances : baptism and communion . Diverse from their beginning , those identifying as Baptists today differ widely from one another in what they believe , how they worship , their attitudes toward other Christians , and their understanding of what is important in Christian discipleship . Historians trace the earliest Baptist church to 1609 in Amsterdam , Dutch Republic with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor . In accordance with his reading of the New Testament , he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults . Baptist practice spread to England , where the General Baptists considered Christ 's atonement to extend to all people , while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect . Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law , so that individuals might have freedom of religion . Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious conflict with English dissenters under King James I . In 1638 , Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies . In the 18th and 19th centuries , the First and Second Great Awakening increased church membership in the United States . Baptist missionaries have spread their faith to every continent .