List of Roman villas in Wales
Table:
Name

Location

Local authority

Historic county

Grid reference

Coflein link

Notes

Abermagwr

Abermagwr

Ceredigion

Cardiganshire

SN6674

ABERMAGWR ROMAN VILLA;NANT MAGWR ROMAN SITE

Excavated in 2010[1]

Castle Tump

Caerwent

Monmouthshire

Monmouthshire

ST47549114

WHITEWALL BRAKE;CASTLE TUMP, ROMAN BUILDING (SITE OF)

Cwmbrwyn

Llanddowror

Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire

SN25371213

CWM-BRWYN; CWMBRWYN VILLA

Dan-y-Graig

Newton

Bridgend County Borough

Glamorgan

SS84017802

DAN-Y-GRAIG ROMAN VILLA

Ely Race Course

Ely

Cardiff

Glamorgan

ST14727615

ELY ROMAN VILLA

Five Lanes

Caerwent

Monmouthshire

Monmouthshire

ST44609101

FIVE LANES, ROMAN VILLA

Ford

Wolfscastle

Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire

SM94962647

FORD, ROMAN BUILDING

Trial excavation in 2003[2]

Ford Farm

Langstone

Newport

Monmouthshire

ST38398954

FORD FARM ROMAN VILLA, LANGSTONE

Llandough

Llandough

Vale of Glamorgan

Glamorgan

ST168733

ROMAN VILLA SITE, LLANDOUGH

Llantwit Major

Llantwit Major

Vale of Glamorgan

Glamorgan

SS95886998

CAERMEAD ROMAN SITE;LLANTWIT MAJOR ROMAN VILLA

Llys Brychan

Llangadog

Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire

SN70492545

LLYS BRYCHAN

Trelissey

Amroth

Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire

SN17500785

TRELISSEY ROMAN VILLA

Whitton Lodge

Dyffryn

Vale of Glamorgan

Glamorgan

ST08117133

WHITTON LODGE ROMAN VILLA

Threatened by a road scheme to replace Five Mile Lane [3]

From the given table plus the supplementary paragraphs provided.

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Since 1 April 1996 , Wales has been divided into 22 single-tier principal areas for local government purposes . The elected councils of these areas are responsible for the provision of all local government services , including education , social work , environmental protection , and most highways . Below these there are also ( in most , but not all , parts of the principal areas ) elected community councils to which responsibility for specific aspects of the application of local policy may be devolved . The queen appoints a Lord Lieutenant to represent her in each of the eight preserved counties of Wales , which are combinations of principal areas retained for ceremonial purposes . Subdivisions of Wales created for such purposes as the organization of the National Health Service and the provision of police and emergency services are made up of combinations of principal areas . For example , the Dyfed-Powys Police force operates in the area covered by the principal areas of Pembrokeshire , Ceredigion , and Carmarthenshire as well as in Powys - the former three constituting the preserved county of Dyfed .
The historic counties of Wales are sub-divisions of Wales . They were used for various functions for several hundred years , but have been largely superseded by contemporary sub-national divisions , some of which bear some limited similarity to the historic entities in name and extent . They are alternatively known as ancient counties .
The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain , distinct from latitude and longitude . It is often called British National Grid ( BNG ) . The Ordnance Survey ( OS ) devised the national grid reference system , and it is heavily used in their survey data , and in maps based on those surveys , whether published by the Ordnance Survey or by commercial map producers . Grid references are also commonly quoted in other publications and data sources , such as guide books and government planning documents . A number of different systems exist that can provide grid references for locations within the British Isles : this article describes the system created solely for Great Britain and its outlying islands ( including the Isle of Man ) ; the Irish grid reference system was a similar system created by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland for the island of Ireland . The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system ( UTM ) is used to provide grid references for worldwide locations , and this is the system commonly used for the Channel Islands and Ireland ( since 2001 ) . European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations , or may use the Military Grid Reference System ( MGRS ) system , or variants of it . OSGB uses Orthorectified images of many temporal resolution for one area .
The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales ( RCAHMW ; Welsh : Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru ) , established in 1908 , is a Welsh Government sponsored body concerned with the archaeological , architectural and historic environment of Wales . It is based in Aberystwyth . The RCAHMW maintains and curates the National Monuments Record of Wales ( NMRW ) , whose online archive is called Coflein .
Abermagwr is a small settlement in the county of Ceredigion , Wales . It is on the B4340 road and is 11 kilometres ( 7 mi ) southeast of the town of Aberystwyth .
Ceredigion ( UK : /ˌkɛrəˈdɪɡiən/ KERR-ə-DIG-ee-ən , US : /-iɒn/ -⁠ee-on , Welsh : [ kɛrɛˈdɪɡjɔn ] ( listen ) ) is a principal area of Wales , corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire . During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom . It has been administered as a county since 1282 . Welsh is spoken by more than half the population . Ceredigion is considered to be a centre of Welsh culture . The county is mainly rural with over 50 miles ( 80 km ) of coastline and a mountainous hinterland . The numerous sandy beaches and the long-distance Ceredigion Coast Path provide excellent views of Cardigan Bay . In the 18th and early 19th centuries , Cardiganshire had more industry than it does today ; Cardigan was the commercial centre of the county ; lead , silver and zinc were mined and Cardigan was the principal port of South Wales prior to the silting of its harbour . The economy became highly dependent on dairy farming and the rearing of livestock for the English market . During the 20th century , livestock farming became less profitable , and the county 's population declined as people moved to the more prosperous parts of Wales or emigrated . However , there has been a population increase caused by elderly people moving to the county for retirement , and various government initiatives have encouraged tourism and other alternative sources of income . Ceredigion 's population at the 2011 UK census was 75,900 .
Caerwent is a village and community in Monmouthshire , Wales . It is located about five miles west of Chepstow and 11 miles east of Newport . It was founded by the Romans as the market town of Venta Silurum , an important settlement of the Brythonic Silures tribe . The modern village is built around the Roman ruins , which are some of the best-preserved in Europe . It remained prominent through the Roman era and Early Middle Ages as the site of a road crossing between several important civic centres .
Monmouthshire ( Welsh : Sir Fynwy ) is a county in south-east Wales . The name derives from the historic county of Monmouthshire of which it covers the eastern 60% . The largest town is Abergavenny . Other towns and large villages are Caldicot , Chepstow , Monmouth , Magor and Usk . It borders Torfaen and Newport to the west ; Herefordshire and Gloucestershire to the east ; and Powys to the north .
Llanddowror is a village and a community in Carmarthenshire , Wales situated 2 miles ( 3 km ) from St. Clears . Previously on the trunk road to Pembroke Dock , the village is small , historic and relatively unspoilt . Llanddowror is famous for being the home of its rector , Griffith Jones , the 18th century Anglican educator and promoter of Methodism , who was funded by Bridget Bevan in organising circulating schools to spread literacy in Carmarthenshire . The community is bordered to the south by Carmarthen Bay and inland with the communities of Pendine , Eglwyscummin , St Clears and Laugharne Township .
Carmarthenshire ( /kərˈmɑːrðənʃər , -ʃɪər/ ; Welsh : Sir Gaerfyrddin ; [ siːr gɑːɨrˈvərðɪn ] or informally Sir Gâr ) is a unitary authority in southwest Wales , and one of the historic counties of Wales . The three largest towns are Llanelli , Carmarthen and Ammanford . Carmarthen is the county town and administrative centre . Carmarthenshire has been inhabited since prehistoric times . The county town was founded by the Romans , and the region was part of the Principality of Deheubarth in the High Middle Ages . After invasion by the Normans in the 12th and 13th centuries it was subjugated , along with other parts of Wales , by Edward I of England . There was further unrest in the early 15th century , when the Welsh rebelled under Owain Glyndŵr , and during the English Civil War . Carmarthenshire is mainly an agricultural county , apart from the southeastern part which was once heavily industrialised with coal mining , steel-making and tin-plating . In the north of the county , the woollen industry was very important in the 18th century . The economy depends on agriculture , forestry , fishing and tourism . West Wales was identified in 2014 as the worst-performing region in the United Kingdom along with the South Wales Valleys with the decline in its industrial base , and the low profitability of the livestock sector . Carmarthenshire , as a tourist destination , offers a wide range of outdoor activities .
Newton ( Welsh : Drenewydd yn Notais ) is a village located near the seaside resort town of Porthcawl , in Bridgend County Borough , Wales .
Bridgend ( Welsh : Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr ) is a county borough in southern Wales , UK . The county borough has a total population of 139,200 people , and contains the town of Bridgend , after which it is named . Its members of the National Assembly for Wales are Carwyn Jones AM , the former First Minister of Wales and Huw Irranca-Davies AM representing the Ogmore Constituency , and its Members of Parliament are Madeleine Moon and Chris Elmore . The county borough lies at the geographical heart of south Wales . Its land area of 285 square kilometres stretches 20 km from east to west and occupies the Llynfi , Garw and Ogmore valleys . The largest town is Bridgend ( pop : 39,773 ) , followed by Maesteg ( pop : 20,700 ) and seaside resort of Porthcawl ( pop : 19,238 ) . It is situated on the Ogmore River and its tributaries , although the Ewenny and Ogwr Fach rivers form the border with the Vale of Glamorgan for much of their length . It was formed on 1 April 1996 under the Local Government ( Wales ) Act 1994 . It includes all of the former Ogwr borough apart from the communities of Wick , St Bride 's Major and Ewenny , which went to Vale of Glamorgan . Bridgend County Borough was divided into 20 communities : Brackla , Bridgend , Cefn Cribwr , Coity Higher , Coychurch Higher , Coychurch Lower , Cornelly , Garw Valley , Laleston , Llangynwyd Lower , Llangynwyd Middle , Maesteg , Merthyr Mawr , Newcastle Higher , Ogmore Valley , Pencoed , Porthcawl , Pyle , St Bride 's Minor and Ynysawdre . The communities of Brackla , Bridgend and Coychurch Lower make up the town of Bridgend .
Ely ( Welsh Trelái tref town + Elái River Ely ) is a district and community in western Cardiff , capital of Wales . It lies to the north of Cowbridge Road West , with Caerau to the south . The River Ely defines the eastern and part of the northern boundary . Ely is primarily dominated by current and former council housing .
Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development .
Wolfscastle ( Welsh : Casblaidd ) also spelt Wolf 's Castle , is a village and community in Pembrokeshire , between Haverfordwest and Fishguard , in southwest Wales . It was historically in the parish of St Dogwells .
Pembrokeshire ( /ˈpɛmbrʊkʃɪər/ , /ˈpɛmbrʊkʃər/ , or /ˈpɛmbroʊkʃɪər/ ; Welsh : Sir Benfro [ ˈsiːr ˈbɛnvrɔ ] ) is a county in the southwest of Wales . It is bordered by Carmarthenshire to the east , Ceredigion to the northeast , and the sea [ note 1 ] everywhere else . The county is home to Pembrokeshire Coast National Park , the only national park in the United Kingdom established primarily because of the coastline ; the Park occupies more than a third of the area of the county and includes the Preseli Hills in the north as well as the 190-mile ( 310 km ) Pembrokeshire Coast Path . Industry is nowadays focused on agriculture ( 86 per cent of land use ) , oil and gas , and tourism ; Pembrokeshire 's beaches have won many awards . Historically , mining and fishing were important activities . The county has a diverse geography with a wide range of geological features , habitats and wildlife . Its prehistory and modern history have been extensively studied , from tribal occupation , through Roman times , to Welsh , Irish , Norman , English , Scandinavian and Flemish influences . Pembrokeshire County Council 's headquarters are in the county town of Haverfordwest . The council has a majority of Independent members , but the county 's representatives in both the Welsh and Westminster Parliaments are Conservative . Pembrokeshire 's population was 122,439 at the 2011 census , an increase of 7.2 per cent from the 2001 figure of 114,131 . Ethnically , the county is 99 per cent white and , for historical reasons , Welsh is more widely spoken in the north of the county than in the south .
Langstone is an electoral ward and smaller village and community of the city of Newport , Wales . The area is governed by the Newport City Council .
Newport ( Welsh : Casnewydd ; [ kasˈnɛwɨð ] ) is a city and unitary authority area in south east Wales , on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary , 12 miles ( 19 km ) northeast of Cardiff . At the 2011 census , it was the third largest city in Wales , with a population of 145,700 . The city forms part of the Cardiff-Newport metropolitan area , with a population of 1,097,000 . Newport has been a port since medieval times , when the first Newport Castle was built by the Normans . The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon , immediately upstream , and gained its first charter in 1314 . It grew significantly in the 19th century , when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern South Wales Valleys . Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s , Newport was Wales ' largest coal-exporting port . Newport was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain , the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists . This was led by the Chartist John Frost which led to the re-branding of the Duffryn High School into John Frost School . In the 20th century , the docks declined in importance , but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre . It was granted city status in 2002 . Newport hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010 and was the venue for the 2014 NATO summit .
Llandough ( Welsh : Llandochau ) is a village located south of Cowbridge in the Vale of Glamorgan , Wales .
The Vale of Glamorgan ( Welsh : Bro Morgannwg [ ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ ] ) , often referred to as The Vale , is a county borough in Wales , bordering Bridgend , Cardiff , and Rhondda Cynon Taf . With an economy based largely on agriculture and chemicals , it is the southernmost unitary authority in Wales . Attractions include Barry Island Pleasure Park , the Barry Tourist Railway , Porthkerry Park , St Donat 's Castle , Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village . It is also the location of Atlantic College , one of the United World Colleges . The largest town is Barry . Other towns include Penarth , Llantwit Major and Cowbridge . There are many villages in the county borough .
The Llantwit Major Roman Villa was a Roman L-shaped courtyard villa located at what is now Caermead , immediately north of the town of Llantwit Major in the Welsh county of South Glamorgan . The villa was first discovered in 1887 and was fully excavated in 1938-9 and 1948 . There was another excavation in 1971 . The site may have been occupied in the late Iron Age . The first stone structure was erected in the 2nd century . The site developed slowly and , it has been suggested , was even abandoned for a while during the 3rd century . By the 4th century , there was an L-shaped villa with fine mosaic floors , a large aisled building possibly for farm workers and a number of smaller agricultural structures almost enclosing a central courtyard . Part of the site was used as a cemetery in the early medieval period . The excavations of 1971 uncovered two burials which had been dug through the tesselated pavement of rooms 8/9 . Another contorted skeleton was recovered from the corridor . No evidence has been found to support the suggestion that the villa was somehow associated with Saint Illtud who founded the church at Llantwit Major in the 6th century .
Llantwit Major ( Welsh : Llanilltud Fawr ) is a town and community in Wales . Situated on the Bristol Channel coast , it is one of four towns in the Vale of Glamorgan , with the third largest population ( 13,366 in 2001 ) after Barry and Penarth , and ahead of Cowbridge . Llantwit Major is 4 1⁄2 miles ( 7.2 km ) from Cowbridge , 9 miles ( 14 km ) from Bridgend , 10 miles ( 16 km ) from Barry , and 15 miles ( 24 km ) from Cardiff . Llanilltud Fawr is derived from the name of Saint Illtud , who came to the area from Brittany , Gaul . He founded the monastery of Illtud and the college attached to it , Cor Tewdws , which would grow into one of the most esteemed Christian colleges of the times . At its peak it attracted over 2000 students , including princes and numerous eminent clergymen , some now revered as saints . Destroyed by the Vikings in 987 , the monastery was rebuilt in 1111 and continued to be a centre of learning governed by Tewkesbury Abbey until it closed in 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries . The 13th-century St Illtyd 's Church , built near the ancient monastery , is a Grade I listed building and one of the oldest parish churches in Wales . In the 20th century , the modern town developed rapidly to accommodate Royal Air Force personnel from the St Athan base . The medieval cobbled streets and buildings of the 15th and 16th centuries remain . Colhugh Beach is a popular surfing venue and has the remnants of an Iron Age fort and some of the finest examples of Jurassic Period fossils in Wales . The pebble beach and its clifftops are protected by the Glamorgan Heritage Coast , which stretches for 14 miles ( 23 km ) from Gileston to the east to Southerndown and Newton Point to the west .
Llangadog ( Welsh pronunciation ) is a village and community located in Carmarthenshire , Wales , which also includes the villages of Bethlehem and Capel Gwynfe . A notable local landscape feature is Y Garn Goch with two Iron Age hill forts . Llangadog was the administrative centre of the commote of Perfedd and had a castle , destroyed in 1204 . Although the borough declined in the Middle Ages , Llangadog retained its market , which was frequented by drovers into the 19th century .
Amroth is a village and community east of Saundersfoot , Pembrokeshire , Wales , noted for its long sandy beach . The name is Welsh , and probably means On ( the brook called ) Rhath . Amroth lies in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park and is the southern start of the Pembrokeshire Coast Path , part of the national Cistercian Way .
Dyffryn , often Duffryn , is a small village in the Vale of Glamorgan in south Wales . It is located 4.8 miles ( 7.7 km ) north of the town centre of Barry , roughly 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) west of St Lythans and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) south of St. Nicholas . It lies off the A4226 road ( Five Mile Lane ) , along St Lythans Road , directly east of Walterston . Dyffryn is best known for its Dyffryn Gardens and its megalithic monuments nearby including the Tinkinswood and St Lythans Burial Chamber and also the caves of nearby Goldsland . The River Waycock flows through the village .