Swimming at the Commonwealth Games
Editions
Table:
Games

Year

Host city

Host country

Best nation

I
1930
Hamilton, Ontario
Canada
England

II
1934
London
England
Canada

III
1938
Sydney, New South Wales
Australia
England

IV
1950
Auckland
New Zealand
Australia

V
1954
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada
Australia

VI
1958
Cardiff
Wales
Australia

VII
1962
Perth, Western Australia
Australia
Australia

VIII
1966
Kingston
Jamaica
Australia

IX
1970
Edinburgh
Scotland
Australia

X
1974
Christchurch
New Zealand
Australia

XI
1978
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
Canada

XII
1982
Brisbane, Queensland
Australia
Australia

XIII
1986
Edinburgh
Scotland
Australia

XIV
1990
Auckland
New Zealand
Australia

XV
1994
Victoria, British Columbia
Canada
Australia

XVI
1998
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Australia

XVII
2002
Manchester
England
Australia

XVIII
2006
Melbourne, Victoria
Australia
Australia

XIX
2010
Delhi
India
Australia

XX
2014
Glasgow
Scotland
Australia

Taking into account the table and the passages listed below.

Provide an answer to this question: What portion of inhabitants of the city which held the Commonwealth Games of 1954 do not speak English as a first language ? Return your answer as JSON: {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Use only the information given.

The 1930 British Empire Games were the first of what later became known as the Commonwealth Games , and were held in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada from 16-23 August 1930 . The games were organized by Hamilton Spectator sportswriter Bobby Robinson after he attended the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam as manager of the Canadian track and field team and was inspired to create a similar event for the British Empire . After campaigning for the idea among contacts he met at the Olympics , he was asked to organise the first British Empire Games in Hamilton . The events included athletics , boxing , lawn bowls , rowing , swimming , and wrestling . Women competed only in aquatic events . The opening ceremonies and many events were held at Civic Stadium ( later renamed Ivor Wynne Stadium ) in east Hamilton . The games were opened by the Governor General of Canada , Lord Willingdon on 16 August . Canadian triple jumper Gordon Smallacombe won the first ever gold medal in the history of the Games a few hours later .
At the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , there were two aquatics disciplines - swimming and diving . There were four diving events contested and eleven swimming events . The aquatics programme included the only women 's events of the games . These events were held at the Municipal Pool ( now the Jimmy Thompson Memorial Pool ) , which was built specifically for these games . At that time , it was the best competition pool in the British Empire .
Hamilton is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario . An industrialized city in the Golden Horseshoe at the west end of Lake Ontario , Hamilton has a population of 536,917 , and its census metropolitan area , which includes Burlington and Grimsby , has a population of 747,545 . The city is 58 kilometres ( 36 mi ) southwest of Toronto , with which the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area ( GTHA ) is formed . On January 1 , 2001 , the current boundaries of Hamilton were created through the amalgamation of the original city with other municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth . Residents of the city are known as Hamiltonians . Since 1981 , the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario . Hamilton is home to the Royal Botanical Gardens , the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum , the Bruce Trail , McMaster University , Redeemer University College and Mohawk College . McMaster University is ranked 4th in Canada and 77th in the world by Times Higher Education Rankings 2018-19 .
Ontario is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada . Located in Central Canada , it is Canada 's most populous province , with 38.3 percent of the country 's population , and is the second-largest province in total area . Ontario is fourth-largest jurisdiction in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included . It is home to the nation 's capital city , Ottawa , and the nation 's most populous city , Toronto , which is also Ontario 's provincial capital . Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west , Hudson Bay and James Bay to the north , and Quebec to the east and northeast , and to the south by the U.S. states of ( from west to east ) Minnesota , Michigan , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Almost all of Ontario 's 2,700 km ( 1,678 mi ) border with the United States follows inland waterways : from the westerly Lake of the Woods , eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system . These include Rainy River , Pigeon River , Lake Superior , St. Marys River , Lake Huron , St. Clair River , Lake St. Clair , Detroit River , Lake Erie , Niagara River , Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River from Kingston , Ontario , to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall , Ontario . There is only about 1 km ( 0.6 mi ) of land border , made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border . Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions , Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The great majority of Ontario 's population and arable land is in the south . In contrast , the larger , northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and heavy forestation .
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom .
England competed at the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton , Ontario , Canada , from 16 August to 23 August 1930 . The athletes that competed are listed below .
The 1934 British Empire Games were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games , held in England , from 4-11 August 1934 . The host city was London , with the main venue at Wembley Park , although the track cycling events were in Manchester . Seventeen national teams took part , including the Irish Free State ( the only Games in which they participated , although at the 1930 Games , a team representing the whole of Ireland competed ) . The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to Johannesburg , South Africa , but the venue was later changed to London due to concerns regarding the treatment of black and Asian athletes by South African officials and fans . Six sports were featured in the Games : athletics in White City Stadium ; boxing , wrestling , and aquatics ( swimming and diving ) in the Empire Pool and Arena , Wembley ; cycling in Fallowfield Stadium , Manchester ; and lawn bowls at Paddington and Temple . Women 's events in athletics were held for the first time ; the previous games had women 's events only in swimming and diving .
The 1934 British Empire Games were the second of what is now known as the Commonwealth Games , held in England , from 4-11 August 1934 . The host city was London , with the main venue at Wembley Park , although the track cycling events were in Manchester . Seventeen national teams took part , including the Irish Free State ( the only Games in which they participated , although at the 1930 Games , a team representing the whole of Ireland competed ) . The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to Johannesburg , South Africa , but the venue was later changed to London due to concerns regarding the treatment of black and Asian athletes by South African officials and fans . Six sports were featured in the Games : athletics in White City Stadium ; boxing , wrestling , and aquatics ( swimming and diving ) in the Empire Pool and Arena , Wembley ; cycling in Fallowfield Stadium , Manchester ; and lawn bowls at Paddington and Temple . Women 's events in athletics were held for the first time ; the previous games had women 's events only in swimming and diving .
London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city .
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) .
The 1938 British Empire Games was the third British Empire Games , the Commonwealth Games being the modern-day equivalent . Held in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia from 5-12 February 1938 , they were timed to coincide with Sydney 's sesqui-centenary ( 150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia ) . Venues included the Sydney Cricket Ground ( the main stadium ) , the Sydney Sports Ground , North Sydney Olympic Pool and Henson Park . An estimated 40,000 people attended the opening ceremony . A competitors ' residential village was established within the grounds of the Sydney Showground . The star of the games was the Australian athlete Decima Norman , who won five gold medals in track and field . Margaret Dovey , the future wife of Australian prime minister Gough Whitlam , finished sixth in the 220 yards breaststroke . Due to the onset of World War II , the games were not held again until 1950 .
The 1938 British Empire Games was the third British Empire Games , the Commonwealth Games being the modern-day equivalent . Held in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia from 5-12 February 1938 , they were timed to coincide with Sydney 's sesqui-centenary ( 150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia ) . Venues included the Sydney Cricket Ground ( the main stadium ) , the Sydney Sports Ground , North Sydney Olympic Pool and Henson Park . An estimated 40,000 people attended the opening ceremony . A competitors ' residential village was established within the grounds of the Sydney Showground . The star of the games was the Australian athlete Decima Norman , who won five gold medals in track and field . Margaret Dovey , the future wife of Australian prime minister Gough Whitlam , finished sixth in the 220 yards breaststroke . Due to the onset of World War II , the games were not held again until 1950 .
Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world .
New South Wales ( abbreviated as NSW ) is a state on the east coast of Australia . It borders Queensland to the north , Victoria to the south , and South Australia to the west . Its coast borders the Coral and Tasman Seas to the east . The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state . New South Wales ' state capital is Sydney , which is also Australia 's most populous city . In March 2019 [ update ] , the population of New South Wales was over 8 million , making it Australia 's most populous state . Just under two-thirds of the state 's population , 5.1 million , live in the Greater Sydney area . Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen . The Colony of New South Wales was founded as a British penal colony in 1788 . It originally comprised more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825 . The colony then also included the island territories of New Zealand , Van Diemen 's Land , Lord Howe Island , and Norfolk Island . During the 19th century , most of the colony 's area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand and the various states and territories of Australia .
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) .
England competed at the 1938 British Empire Games in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia , from 5 February to 12 February 1938 . The athletes that competed are listed below .
The 1950 British Empire Games was the fourth staging of what is now called the Commonwealth Games . It was held in Auckland , New Zealand between 4 and 11 February 1950 , after a 12-year gap from the third edition of the games . The main venue was Eden Park , although the closing ceremonies were held at Western Springs Stadium , see New Zealand at the 1950 British Empire Games . The fourth games were originally awarded to Montreal , Quebec , Canada and were to be held in 1942 but were cancelled due to World War II .
The 1950 British Empire Games was the fourth staging of what is now called the Commonwealth Games . It was held in Auckland , New Zealand between 4 and 11 February 1950 , after a 12-year gap from the third edition of the games . The main venue was Eden Park , although the closing ceremonies were held at Western Springs Stadium , see New Zealand at the 1950 British Empire Games . The fourth games were originally awarded to Montreal , Quebec , Canada and were to be held in 1942 but were cancelled due to World War II .
Auckland ( /ˈɔːklənd/ AWK-lənd ) ( Māori : Tāmaki Makaurau ) is a city in the North Island of New Zealand . The most populous urban area in the country , Auckland has an urban population of around 1,570,100 ( June 2018 ) . It is located in the Auckland Region - the area governed by Auckland Council - which includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf , resulting in a total population of 1,618,400 . Auckland is a diverse , multicultural and cosmopolitan city , home to the largest Polynesian population in the world . The Māori-language name for Auckland is Tāmaki Makaurau , meaning Tāmaki desired by many , in reference to the desirability of its natural resources and geography . Auckland lies between the Hauraki Gulf of the Pacific Ocean to the east , the low Hunua Ranges to the south-east , the Manukau Harbour to the south-west , and the Waitakere Ranges and smaller ranges to the west and north-west . The surrounding hills are covered in rainforest and the landscape is dotted with dozens of dormant volcanic cones . The central part of the urban area occupies a narrow isthmus between the Manukau Harbour on the Tasman Sea and the Waitematā Harbour on the Pacific Ocean . Auckland is one of the few cities in the world to have a harbour on each of two separate major bodies of water . The isthmus on which Auckland resides was first settled around 1350 and was valued for its rich and fertile land . The Māori population in the area is estimated to have peaked at 20,000 before the arrival of Europeans . After a British colony was established in 1840 , William Hobson , then Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand , chose the area as his new capital .
New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state .
Australia at the 1950 British Empire Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their fourth of 4 Commonwealth Games meets .
The 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , from 30 July to 7 August 1954 . These were the first games since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952 . It was at these games that the Miracle Mile took place between Roger Bannister and John Landy at Empire Stadium . This was the first time these two ( and at that time the only two ) sub-four-minute mile runners appeared in the same race , and also the first time two runners broke four minutes in the same race . On the same afternoon , Jim Peters , the holder of the world best time for the marathon , entered the stadium 17 minutes ahead of his nearest rival , but collapsed on his final lap , and never completed the race . The games were attended by 24 nations and 662 competitors .
The 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , from 30 July to 7 August 1954 . These were the first games since the name change from British Empire Games took effect in 1952 . It was at these games that the Miracle Mile took place between Roger Bannister and John Landy at Empire Stadium . This was the first time these two ( and at that time the only two ) sub-four-minute mile runners appeared in the same race , and also the first time two runners broke four minutes in the same race . On the same afternoon , Jim Peters , the holder of the world best time for the marathon , entered the stadium 17 minutes ahead of his nearest rival , but collapsed on his final lap , and never completed the race . The games were attended by 24 nations and 662 competitors .
Vancouver ( /vænˈkuːvər/ ( listen ) ) is a coastal seaport city in western Canada , located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia . As the most populous city in the province , the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city , up from 603,502 in 2011 . The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016 , making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada . Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada , with over 5,400 people per square kilometre , which makes it the fifth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America , behind New York City , Guadalajara , San Francisco , and Mexico City . Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada : 52% of its residents are not native English speakers , 48.9% are native speakers of neither English nor French , and 50.6% of residents belong to visible minority groups . Vancouver is consistently named as one of the top five worldwide cities for livability and quality of life , and the Economist Intelligence Unit acknowledged it as the first city ranked among the top ten of the world 's most well-living cities for ten consecutive years . In 2011 , the city planned to become the greenest city in the world by 2020 . Vancouverism is the city 's urban planning design philosophy . Vancouver has hosted many international conferences and events , including the 1954 Commonwealth Games , UN Habitat I , Expo 86 , APEC Canada 1997 , the World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009 ; several matches of 2015 FIFA Women 's World Cup including the finals at BC Place in Downtown Vancouver , and the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics which were held in Vancouver and Whistler , a resort community 125 km ( 78 mi ) north of the city . In 1969 , Greenpeace was founded in Vancouver . The city became the permanent home to TED conferences in 2014 . Vancouver was originally named Gastown and began as a settlement which grew around the site of a makeshift tavern on the western edges of Hastings Mill built on July 1 , 1867 , and owned by proprietor Gassy Jack .
British Columbia ( BC ; French : Colombie-Britannique ) is the westernmost province in Canada , located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 5.1 million as of 2019 [ update ] , it is Canada 's third-most populous province . The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria , established in 1843 , which gave rise to the City of Victoria , at first the capital of the separate Colony of Vancouver Island . Subsequently , on the mainland , the Colony of British Columbia ( 1858-1866 ) was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers , Columbia Detachment , in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush . Moody was Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works for the Colony and the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia : he was hand-picked by the Colonial Office in London to transform British Columbia into the British Empire 's bulwark in the farthest west , and to found a second England on the shores of the Pacific . Moody selected the site for and founded the original capital of British Columbia , New Westminster , established the Cariboo Road and Stanley Park , and designed the first version of the Coat of arms of British Columbia . Port Moody is named after him . In 1866 , Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia , and Victoria became the united colony 's capital . In 1871 , British Columbia became the sixth province of Canada . Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu ( Splendour without Diminishment ) . The capital of British Columbia is Victoria , the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada , named for Queen Victoria , who ruled during the creation of the original colonies . The largest city is Vancouver , the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada , the largest in Western Canada , and the second-largest in the Pacific Northwest .
Australia at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their fifth of 5 Commonwealth Games meets .
The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games ( Welsh : Gemau Ymerodraeth Prydain a ' r Gymanwlad 1958 ) were held in Cardiff , Wales , from 18-26 July 1958 . Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,130 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals , including , for the first time , Singapore , Ghana , Kenya and the Isle of Man . The Cardiff Games introduced the Queen 's Baton Relay , which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since .
The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games ( Welsh : Gemau Ymerodraeth Prydain a ' r Gymanwlad 1958 ) were held in Cardiff , Wales , from 18-26 July 1958 . Thirty-five nations sent a total of 1,130 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals , including , for the first time , Singapore , Ghana , Kenya and the Isle of Man . The Cardiff Games introduced the Queen 's Baton Relay , which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since .
Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development .
Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters .
Australia at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their sixth of 6 Commonwealth Games meets .
The 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Perth , Western Australia , from 22 November to 1 December 1962 . Athletic events were held at Perry Lakes Stadium in the suburb of Floreat and swimming events at Beatty Park in North Perth . They were held after the 1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes .
The 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Perth , Western Australia , from 22 November to 1 December 1962 . Athletic events were held at Perry Lakes Stadium in the suburb of Floreat and swimming events at Beatty Park in North Perth . They were held after the 1962 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes .
Perth ( /ˈpɜːrθ/ ( listen ) PURTH ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia ( WA ) . It is named after the city of Perth , Scotland and is Australia 's fourth-most populous city , with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both later founded downriver . Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray , then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Italy , Greece , and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia .
Western Australia [ a ] ( abbreviated as WA ) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west , and the Southern Ocean to the south , [ b ] the Northern Territory to the north-east , and South Australia to the south-east . Western Australia is Australia 's largest state , with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres ( 976,790 sq mi ) , and the second-largest country subdivision in the world , surpassed only by Russia 's Sakha Republic . The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants - around 11 percent of the national total - of whom the vast majority ( 92 per cent ) live in the south-west corner , 79 per cent of the population living in the Perth area , leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated . The first European visitor to Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog , who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616 . The first European settlement of Western Australia occurred following the landing by Major Edmund Lockyer on 26 December 1826 of an expedition on behalf of the New South Wales colonial government . He established a convict-supported military garrison at King George III Sound , at present-day Albany , and on 21 January 1827 formally took possession of the western third of the continent for the British Crown . This was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829 , including the site of the present-day capital , Perth . York was the first inland settlement in Western Australia . Situated 97 kilometres ( 60 miles ) east of Perth , it was settled on 16 September 1831 . Western Australia achieved responsible government in 1890 and federated with the other British colonies in Australia in 1901 . Today , its economy mainly relies on mining , oil and gas , services and construction .
Australia hosted the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth , Western Australia and their team was abbreviated AUS . This was their seventh of 7 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Kingston , Jamaica , from 4 to 13 August 1966 . This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called White Dominions . They were followed by the 1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes . Jamaica remains the only host nation of a Commonwealth Games that did not win at least one gold medal in its own games .
The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Kingston , Jamaica , from 4 to 13 August 1966 . This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called White Dominions . They were followed by the 1966 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes . Jamaica remains the only host nation of a Commonwealth Games that did not win at least one gold medal in its own games .
Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica , located on the southeastern coast of the island . It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes , a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island . In the Americas , Kingston is the largest predominantly English-speaking city south of the United States . The local government bodies of the parishes of Kingston and St. Andrew were amalgamated by the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation Act of 1923 , to form the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation ( KSAC ) . Greater Kingston , or the Corporate Area refers to those areas under the KSAC ; however , it does not solely refer to Kingston Parish , which only consists of the old downtown and Port Royal . Kingston Parish had a population of 96,052 , and St. Andrew Parish had a population of 555,828 in 2001 . Kingston is only bordered by Saint Andrew to the east , west and north . The geographical border for the parish of Kingston encompasses the following communities , Tivoli Gardens , Denham Town , Rae Town , Kingston Gardens , National Heroes Park , Bournemouth Gardens , Norman Gardens , Rennock Lodge , Springfield and Port Royal , along with portions of Rollington Town , Franklyn Town and Allman Town . The city proper is bounded by Six Miles to the west , Stony Hill to the north , Papine to the northeast and Harbour View to the east , communities in urban and suburban Saint Andrew . Communities in rural St. Andrew such as Gordon Town , Mavis Bank , Lawrence Tavern , Mt . Airy and Bull Bay would not be described as being in Kingston city . Two parts make up the central area of Kingston : the historic Downtown , and New Kingston .
Jamaica ( /dʒəˈmeɪkə/ ( listen ) ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea . Spanning 10,990 square kilometres ( 4,240 sq mi ) in area , it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean ( after Cuba and Hispaniola ) . Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) south of Cuba , and 191 kilometres ( 119 mi ) west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) ; the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres ( 134 mi ) to the north-west . Originally inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples , the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494 . Many of the indigenous people were either killed or died of diseases to which they had no immunity , and the Spanish thus forcibly transplanted large numbers of African slaves to Jamaica as labourers . The island remained a possession of Spain until 1655 , when England ( later Great Britain ) conquered it , renaming it Jamaica . Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter , with a plantation economy dependent on the African slaves and later their descendants . The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838 , and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations . Beginning in the 1840s , the British began utilising Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations . The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962 . With 2.9 million people , Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas ( after the United States and Canada ) , and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean . Kingston is the country 's capital and largest city .
Australia at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their eighth of 8 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1970 British Commonwealth Games ( Scottish Gaelic : Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis Bhreatainn 1970 ) were held in Edinburgh , Scotland , from 16 July to 25 July 1970 . This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted , the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events , and also the first time the games were held in Scotland . Also , these games saw the first unique Games trademark logo : an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle . They were followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes .
The 1970 British Commonwealth Games ( Scottish Gaelic : Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis Bhreatainn 1970 ) were held in Edinburgh , Scotland , from 16 July to 25 July 1970 . This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was adopted , the first time metric units rather than imperial units were used in all events , and also the first time the games were held in Scotland . Also , these games saw the first unique Games trademark logo : an emblem showing the Games emblem intertwined with a St Andrews Cross and a thistle . They were followed by the 1970 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games for wheelchair athletes .
Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 .
Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .
Australia at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their ninth of 9 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .
The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch , New Zealand from 24 January to 2 February 1974 . The bid vote was held in Edinburgh at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games . The Games were officially named the friendly games . There were 1,276 competitors and 372 officials , according to the official history , and public attendance was excellent . The main venue was the QEII Park , purpose built for this event . The Athletics Stadium and fully covered Olympic standard pool , diving tank , and practice pools were all on the one site . The theme song was Join Together , sung by Steve Allen . The Games were held after the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin for wheelchair athletes .
Christchurch ( /ˈkraɪstʃɜːrtʃ/ ; Māori : Ōtautahi ) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region . The Christchurch urban area lies on the South Island 's east coast , just north of Banks Peninsula . The urban area is home to 377,200 residents , and the territorial authority has 385,500 people , which makes it the second-most populous city in New Zealand after Auckland and before Wellington . The Avon River flows through the centre of the city , with an urban park located along its banks . Archaeological evidence has indicated that people first settled in the Christchurch area in about 1250 . Christchurch became a city by Royal Charter on 31 July 1856 , making it officially the oldest established city in New Zealand . The Canterbury Association , which settled the Canterbury Plains , named the city after Christ Church , Oxford . The new settlement was laid out in a grid pattern centred on Cathedral Square ; during the 19th century there were few barriers to the rapid growth of the urban area , except for the Pacific to the east and the Port Hills to the south . Agriculture is the historic mainstay of Christchurch 's economy . The early presence of the University of Canterbury and the heritage of the city 's academic institutions in association with local businesses has fostered a number of technology-based industries . Christchurch is one of five 'gateway cities ' for Antarctic exploration , hosting Antarctic support bases for several nations . The city suffered a series of earthquakes between September 2010 and January 2012 , with the most destructive of them occurring at 12.51 p.m. on Tuesday , 22 February 2011 , in which 185 people were killed and thousands of buildings across the city collapsed or suffered severe damage .
Australia at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their tenth of 10 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada from 3 to 12 August 1978 , two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics were held in Montreal , Quebec . They were boycotted by Nigeria , in protest of New Zealand 's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa , as well as by Uganda , in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin . The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich . This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerised system was used to handle ticket sales . These were the first Commonwealth Games to be named Commonwealth Games , having dropped British .
The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada from 3 to 12 August 1978 , two years after the 1976 Summer Olympics were held in Montreal , Quebec . They were boycotted by Nigeria , in protest of New Zealand 's sporting contacts with apartheid-era South Africa , as well as by Uganda , in protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi Amin . The Bid Election was held at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich . This was the first Commonwealth Games where a computerised system was used to handle ticket sales . These were the first Commonwealth Games to be named Commonwealth Games , having dropped British .
Edmonton ( /ˈɛdməntən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta . Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region , which is surrounded by Alberta 's central region . The city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016 , making it Alberta 's second-largest city and Canada 's fifth-largest municipality . Also in 2016 , Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426 , making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada . Edmonton is North America 's northernmost metropolitan area with a population over one million . A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian . Edmonton 's historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities ( Strathcona , North Edmonton , West Edmonton , Beverly and Jasper Place ) in addition to a series of annexations through 1982 , and the annexation of 8,260 ha ( 82.6 km2 ) of land from Leduc County and the city of Beaumont on January 1 , 2019 . Known as the Gateway to the North , the city is a staging point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta and large-scale diamond mining operations in the Northwest Territories . Edmonton is a cultural , governmental and educational centre . It hosts a year-round slate of festivals , reflected in the nickname Canada 's Festival City . It is home to North America 's largest mall , West Edmonton Mall ( the world 's largest mall from 1981 until 2004 ) , and Fort Edmonton Park , Canada 's largest living history museum .
Alberta is a province of Canada . With an estimated population of 4,067,175 as of 2016 census , it is Canada 's fourth most populous province and the most populous of Canada 's three prairie provinces . Its area is about 660,000 square kilometres ( 250,000 sq mi ) . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1 , 1905 . The premier is Jason Kenney as of April 30 , 2019 . Alberta is bordered by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east , the Northwest Territories to the north , and the U.S. state of Montana to the south . Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and one of only two landlocked provinces . It has a predominantly humid continental climate , with stark contrasts over a year ; but seasonal temperature average swings are smaller than in areas further east , due to winters being warmed by occasional chinook winds bringing sudden warming . Alberta 's capital , Edmonton , is near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada 's crude oil , the Athabasca oil sands and other northern resource industries . About 290 km ( 180 mi ) south of the capital is Calgary , the largest city in Alberta . Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta 's two census metropolitan areas , both of which have populations exceeding one million , while the province has 16 census agglomerations . Tourist destinations in the province include Banff , Canmore , Drumheller , Jasper , Sylvan Lake and Lake Louise .
The 1982 Commonwealth Games were held in Brisbane , Queensland , Australia from 30 September to 9 October 1982 . The Opening Ceremony was held at the QEII Stadium ( named for Elizabeth II ) , in the Brisbane suburb of Nathan . The QEII Stadium was also the venue which was used for the athletics and archery competitions during the Games . Other events were held at the purpose-built Sleeman Sports Complex in Chandler . The Chairman of the 1982 Commonwealth Games was Sir Edward Williams . The 1982 Commonwealth Games Logo was designed by Paulo Ferreira , who was the winner of a nationwide competition held in 1978 . The symbol is derived from the form of a bounding kangaroo . The three bands , forming stylized A 's ( for Australia ) , are in colours which are common to flags of many Commonwealth countries . Matilda the kangaroo mascot for the 1982 Commonwealth Games was represented by a cartoon kangaroo , and a gigantic 13-metre ( 42 feet 8 inches ) high mechanical winking kangaroo , who travelled around the stadium and winked at the crowd . The games were officially opened by The Duke of Edinburgh and closed by The Queen .
The Aquatics events at the 1982 Commonwealth Games were held at the new Chandler Aquatic Centre that was part of the Sleeman Sports Complex which had been purpose built for the games .
Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities .
Queensland ( locally /ˈkwiːnzlænd/ KWEENZ-land , [ note 1 ] abbreviated as Qld ) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia . Situated in the north-east of the country , it is bordered by the Northern Territory , South Australia and New South Wales to the west , south-west and south respectively . To the east , Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean . To its north is the Torres Strait , with Papua New Guinea located less than 200 km across it from the mainland . The state is the world 's sixth-largest sub-national entity , with an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres ( 715,309 sq mi ) . As of 15 May 2018 , Queensland had a population of 5,000,000 , concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state 's South East . The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane , Australia 's third-largest city . Often referred to as the Sunshine State , Queensland is home to 10 of Australia 's 30 largest cities and is the nation 's third-largest economy . Tourism in the state , fuelled largely by its warm climate , is a major industry . Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders . The first European to land in Queensland ( and Australia ) was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606 , who explored the west coast of the Cape York Peninsula near present-day Weipa . In 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain .
Australia hosted the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane , Queensland and their team was abbreviated AUS . This was Australia 's twelfth of 12 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1986 Commonwealth Games ( Scottish Gaelic : Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis 1986 ) were held in Edinburgh , Scotland , between 24 July and 2 August 1986 . They were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh .
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Australia at the 1986 Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their thirteenth of 13 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1990 Commonwealth Games were held in Auckland , New Zealand from 24 January - 3 February 1990 . It was the 14th Commonwealth Games , and part of New Zealand 's 1990 sesquicentennial celebrations . Participants competed in ten sports : athletics , aquatics , badminton , boxing , cycling , gymnastics , judo , lawn bowls , shooting and weightlifting . The Triathlon was a demonstration event . The main venue was the Mount Smart Stadium .
Aquatics at the 1990 Commonwealth Games consisted of Diving , Swimming and Synchronized Swimming . They were held in Henderson , New Zealand .
Australia at the 1990 Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their fourteenth of 14 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1994 Commonwealth Games were held in Victoria , in the province of British Columbia in Canada , from 18 to 28 August 1994 . The XV Commonwealth Games ( French : XVéme Jeux du Commonwealth ) marked South Africa 's return to the Commonwealth Games following the apartheid era , and over 30 years since the country last competed in the Games in 1958 . Namibia participated in its first Games after gaining independence from South Africa in 1990 , and the Caribbean island of Montserrat also made their Games debut . This was Hong Kong 's last appearance at the Games before the transfer of sovereignty from Britain to China . The official mascot of the Games was an anthropomorphic killer whale named Klee Wyck . Klee Wyck , meaning the laughing one , was a nickname given to Canadian painter and sculptor Emily Carr by the Ucluelet First Nation . Ten types of sports were featured at the Victoria Games : athletics , aquatics , badminton , boxing , cycling , gymnastics , lawn bowls , shooting , weightlifting , and wrestling .
The swimming competition at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria , British Columbia counted a total number of 34 medal events .
Victoria ( Saanich : METULIYE mətúliyə ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia , located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada 's Pacific coast . The city has a population of 85,792 , and the Greater Victoria Area has a population of 367,770 . Victoria is the 7th most densely populated city in Canada with 4,405.8 people per square kilometre , which is a greater population density than Toronto . Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada , and is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from British Columbia 's largest city of Vancouver on the mainland . The city is about 100 km ( 60 mi ) from Seattle by airplane , ferry , or the Victoria Clipper passenger-only ferry which operates daily , year round between Seattle and Victoria , and 40 km ( 25 mi ) from Port Angeles , Washington , by ferry Coho across the Strait of Juan de Fuca . Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and , at the time , British North America , Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest , with British settlement beginning in 1843 . The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings , in particular its two most famous landmarks , Parliament Buildings ( finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia ) and the Empress hotel ( opened in 1908 ) . The city 's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Francisco 's . The region 's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before non-native settlement , possibly several thousand years earlier , which had large populations at the time of European exploration . Known as The Garden City , Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a regional technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry . Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life , according to Numbeo . The city has a large non-local student population [ citation needed ] , who come to attend the Victoria College of Art , the Canadian College of Performing Arts , and high school programs run by the region 's three school districts .
Australia at the 1994 Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their fifteenth of 15 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 1998 Commonwealth Games ( Malay : Sukan Komanwel 1998 ) , officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games ( Malay : Sukan Komanwel ke-16 ) , was a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . This edition is marked by several unprecedented facts in the history of the event . The 1998 games were the first held in an Asian country and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century . This was also the first time the games took place in a nation with a head of state other than the Head of the Commonwealth , and the first time the games were held in a country whose majority of the population did not have English as the first language . For the first time ever , the games included team sports . The other bid from the 1998 games came from Adelaide in Australia . Malaysia was the eighth nation to host the Commonwealth Games after Canada , England , Australia , New Zealand , Wales , Jamaica and Scotland . Around 3638 athletes from 69 Commonwealth member nations participated at the games which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals .
The 'swimming events of the 1998 Commonwealth Games ' were held at the National Aquatics Centre at the National Sports Complex , Malaysia from 12-17 September 1998 .
Kuala Lumpur ( Malaysian pronunciation : [ ˈkualə , -a ˈlumpo ( r ) , -ʊ ( r ) ] ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur ( Malay : Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) and commonly known as KL , is the national capital and largest city in Malaysia . As the global city of Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 ( 94 sq mi ) and has an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016 [ update ] . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia . It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Malaysian King ( Yang di-Pertuan Agong ) , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government , but these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999 . However , some sections of the political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of the three federal territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2017 Southeast Asian Games . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Towers , which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development . Kuala Lumpur has a comprehensive road system supported by an extensive range of public transport networks , such as the Mass Rapid Transit ( MRT ) , Light Metro ( LRT ) , Bus Rapid Transit ( BRT ) , monorail , commuter rail and an airport rail link .
Malaysia ( /məˈleɪziə , -ʒə/ ( listen ) mə-LAY-zee-ə , -⁠zhə ; Malay : [ məlejsiə ] ) is a country in Southeast Asia . The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories , separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the world 's 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . In the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries , home to large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire , along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate . Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia .
Australia at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was abbreviated AUS . This was their sixteenth of 16 Commonwealth Games having participated in all Games meets up to these Games .
The 2002 Commonwealth Games , officially known as the XVII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Manchester 2002 were held in Manchester , England , from 25 July to 4 August 2002 . The 2002 Games were to be hosted in the United Kingdom to coincide with the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II , head of the Commonwealth , and Manchester was selected for the 2002 Games ahead of London . The 2002 Commonwealth Games was , prior to the 2012 Summer Olympics , the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the UK , eclipsing the London 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and athletes participating . In terms of sports and events , the 2002 Games were the largest Commonwealth Games in history featuring 281 events across 17 sports . The Games were considered a success for the host city , providing an event to display how Manchester had changed following the 1996 bombing . The Games formed the catalyst for the widespread regeneration and heavy development of Manchester , and bolstered its reputation as a European and global city internationally . Rapid economic development and continued urban regeneration of the now post-industrial Manchester continued after the Games which helped cement its place as one of the principal cultural cities in the United Kingdom . The opening and closing ceremonies , the athletic and the rugby sevens events were held at the City of Manchester Stadium , which was purpose built for the Games . Unusually for a large multi-sport event - the second-largest competition by number of countries and athletes participating - the shooting events were held in the National Shooting Centre in Bisley , Surrey , some 200 miles ( 322 km ) from the main focus of the Games in Manchester . Seventy-two nations competed in 14 individual sports and 3 team sports events . Sporting legacy includes the British Cycling team who inherited the Manchester Velodrome and went on to win eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympics and another eight gold medals at the 2012 Olympics , partly attributed to the availability of the velodrome . Manchester City F.C .
The Aquatics ' events at the 2002 Commonwealth Games were held at the Manchester Aquatics Centre in Manchester , England . The sports featured 54 events in three disciplines :
Manchester ( /ˈmæntʃɛstər/ ) is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester , England , with a population of 547,627 as of 2018 ( 5th most populous English district ) . It lies within the United Kingdom 's second-most populous urban area , with a population of 2.9 million , and second-most populous metropolitan area , with a population of 3.3 million . It is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south , the Pennines to the north and east , and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation . The local authority for the city is Manchester City Council . The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium or Mancunium , which was established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell . It is historically a part of Lancashire , although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated in the 20th century . The first to be included , Wythenshawe , was added to the city in 1931 . Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township , but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century . Manchester 's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution , and resulted in it becoming the world 's first industrialised city . Manchester achieved city status in 1853 . The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894 , creating the Port of Manchester and directly linking the city to the Irish Sea , 36 miles ( 58 km ) to the west . Its fortune declined after the Second World War , owing to deindustrialisation , but the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration .
Australia at the 2002 Commonwealth Games was represented by a team selected by the Australian Commonwealth Games Association ( ACGA ) and abbreviated AUS . Australia officially became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931 under the Statute of Westminster having become independent of the UK in 1901 . Australia is one of only six countries to have competed in all of the Commonwealth Games held since 1930 , although they did attend the 1911 Inter-Empire Championships as part of an Australasian team . This impressive international record extends to its participation in every Olympic Games in the modern era . At the first Games in 1930 Australia won only 8 medals against England 's 61 . However , by the first Games of the 21st century held in the city of Manchester , Australia 's medal tally had moved to 207 , ahead of any other country including England 's 165 .
The 2006 Commonwealth Games , officially the XVIII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Melbourne 2006 , was an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia between 15 and 26 March 2006 . It was the fourth time Australia had hosted the Commonwealth Games . It was also the largest sporting event to be staged in Melbourne , eclipsing the 1956 Summer Olympics in terms of the number of teams competing , athletes competing , and events being held . More than 4,000 athletes from 71 Commonwealth Games Associations took part in the event . Zimbabwe withdrew its membership from the Commonwealth of Nations and Commonwealth Games Federation on 8 December 2003 and so did not participate in the event . With 245 sets of medals , the games featured 17 Commonwealth sports . These sporting events took place at 13 venues in the host city , two venues in Bendigo and one venue each in Ballarat , Geelong , Lysterfield Park and Traralgon . The site for the opening and closing ceremonies was the Melbourne Cricket Ground which was also used during 1956 Summer Olympics . The mascot for the games was Karak , a red-tailed black cockatoo ( a threatened species ) . The official song of the games , Together We Are One , was composed by the ARIA awardee Australian recording artist Delta Goodrem . During the closing ceremony of the games , President of the Commonwealth Games Federation Mike Fennell declared to the crowd Melbourne , you are simply the best . For the first time in the history of the Commonwealth Games , the Queen 's Baton visited every single Commonwealth nation and territory taking part in the Games , a journey of 180,000 km ( 112,500 miles ) .
The Aquatics events at the 2006 Commonwealth Games were held at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre ( MSAC ) and were divided into 3 separate disciplines , with medals awarded in 54 events :
Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries .
Victoria ( abbreviated as Vic ) is a state in south-eastern Australia . Victoria is Australia 's smallest mainland state and its second-most populous state ( after New South Wales ) , making it the most densely populated state . Most of its population lives concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay , which includes the metropolitan area of its state capital and largest city , Melbourne , Australia 's second-largest city . Victoria is bordered by Bass Strait and Tasmania to the south , [ note 1 ] New South Wales to the north , the Tasman Sea ( a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean ) to the east , and South Australia to the west . The area that is now known as Victoria is the home of many Aboriginal people groups , including the Boon wurrung , the Bratauolung , the Djadjawurrung , the Gunai/Kurnai , the Gunditjmara , the Taungurong , the Wathaurong , the Wurundjeri , and the Yorta Yorta . There were more than 30 Aboriginal languages spoken in the area prior to the European settlement of Australia . The Kulin nation is an alliance of five Aboriginal nations which makes up much of the central part of the state . With Great Britain having claimed the half of the Australian continent that is east of the 135th meridian east in 1788 , Victoria formed part of the wider colony of New South Wales . The first European settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay , and much of what is now Victoria was included in 1836 in the Port Phillip District , an administrative division of New South Wales . Named in honour of Queen Victoria , who signed the division 's separation from New South Wales , the colony was officially established in 1851 and achieved self government in 1855 . The Victorian gold rush in the 1850s and 1860s significantly increased both the population and wealth of the colony , and by the time of the Federation of Australia in 1901 , Melbourne had become the largest city and leading financial centre in Australasia . Melbourne served as federal capital of Australia until the construction of Canberra in 1927 , with the Federal Parliament meeting in Melbourne 's Parliament House and all principal offices of the federal government being based in Melbourne .
Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games was represented by Australian Commonwealth Games Association the ( ACGA ) , and abbreviated AUS . Athletes from Australia were given automatic qualification in all sports due to the host status . Australia first competed at the then-titled British Empire Games in 1930 , and is one of only six countries to have sent athletes to every Commonwealth Games . Australia entered the Melbourne Games as a strong favourite to win the medal tally after having won 207 medals at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester compared to England 's 165 and Canada 's 116 . Its strongest sports are swimming and cycling . At the 2006 Commonwealth Games , Australia was at the top of the medal tally with 221 medals : 84 Gold , 69 Silver and 68 Bronze . Australia 's overall tally of medals is 1,707 medals : 643 Gold , 556 Silver and 508 Bronze . Jane Saville bore Australia 's flag at the opening ceremony , while Leisel Jones bore the flag during the closing ceremony .
The 2010 Commonwealth Games , officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Delhi 2010 , was an international multi-sport event that was held in Delhi , India , from 3 to 14 October 2010 . A total of 4352 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events , making it the largest Commonwealth Games to date . It was also the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in Delhi and India , eclipsing the Asian Games in 1951 and 1982 . The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium , the main stadium of the event . It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time they were held in Asia after Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia in 1998 . It was also the first time a Commonwealth Republic hosted the games , second in a country not presently headed by British monarch since Malaysia in 1998 . The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the official song of the Games , Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto , was composed by Academy and Grammy awardee Indian recording artist A.R . Rahman . Preparation for the Games received widespread international media attention , with criticism being levelled against the organisers for the slow pace of work , as well as issues related to security and hygiene . However , all member nations of the Commonwealth of Nations participated in the event , except Fiji , which is suspended from the Commonwealth , and Tokelau , which did n't send a team , in spite of threats of boycotts and athlete withdrawals . The internationally acclaimed opening ceremony improved the image of the Games , and dispelled negative notions surrounding them , with many observers remarking that they began on an apprehensive note , but were an exceptional experience with a largely positive ending . The President of the International Olympic Committee , Jacques Rogge , said that India had made a good foundation for a future Olympics bid , which was reiterated by the Australian Minister of Sports .
The aquatics events at the 2010 Commonwealth Games took place at the SPM Swimming Pool Complex , Talkatora Gardens , Delhi from 4-13 October 2010 . Events in the aquatic disciplines of swimming ( long course ) , and diving were contested , with 46 sets of medals being competed for in total .
Delhi ( English : /ˈdɛli/ ; Hindi : [ ˈdɪlːi ] Dillī ; Punjabi : [ ˈdɪlːi ] Dillī ; Urdu : [ ˈdeɦli ] Dēhlī ) , officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi , the capital of India . It is bordered by the state of Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east . The NCT covers an area of 1,484 square kilometres ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the 2011 census , Delhi 's city proper population was over 11 million , the second-highest in India after Mumbai , while the whole NCT 's population was about 16.8 million . Delhi 's urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundaries , and include the neighbouring satellite cities of Ghaziabad , Faridabad , Gurgaon and Noida in an area now called National Capital Region ( NCR ) and had an estimated 2016 population of over 26 million people , making it the world 's second-largest urban area according to the United Nations . As of 2016 [ update ] , recent estimates of the metro economy of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the most or second-most productive metro area of India . Delhi is the second-wealthiest city in India after Mumbai and is home to 18 billionaires and 23,000 millionaires . Delhi ranks fifth among the Indian states and union territories in human development index . Delhi has the second-highest GDP per capita in India . Furthermore , it is considered one of the world 's most polluted cities by particulate matter concentration . Delhi has been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BCE . Through most of its history , Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and empires , most notably the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire .
India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .
Australia competed at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi , India .
The 2014 Commonwealth Games ( Scottish Gaelic : Geamannan a ' Cho-fhlaitheis 2014 ) , officially known as the XX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Glasgow 2014 , ( Scottish Gaelic : Glaschu 2014 ) , was an international multi-sport event celebrated in the tradition of the Commonwealth Games as governed by the Commonwealth Games Federation ( CGF ) . It took place in Glasgow , Scotland , from 23 July to 3 August 2014 . Glasgow was selected as the host city on 9 November 2007 during CGF General Assembly in Colombo , Sri Lanka , defeating Abuja , Nigeria . It was the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports , outranking the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh . Over the last 10 years , however , Glasgow and Scotland had staged World , Commonwealth , European , or British events in all sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games , including the World Badminton Championships in 1997 . The Games received acclaim for their organisation , attendance , and the public enthusiasm of the people of Scotland , with CGF chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as the standout games in the history of the movement . Held in Scotland for the third time , the Games were notable for the successes of the Home Nations of the United Kingdom , with England , Wales and hosts Scotland achieving their largest ever gold medal hauls and overall medal hauls at a Commonwealth Games . England finished top of the medal table for the first time since the 1986 Commonwealth Games , also held in Scotland . Kiribati also won its first ever medal at a Commonwealth Games , a gold in the 105 kg men 's weightlifting competition .
The swimming competitions at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow , Scotland took place from 24 to 29 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre .
Glasgow ( /ˈɡlæzɡoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈɡlɑːzɡoʊ , ˈɡlɑːsɡoʊ/ , US : /ˈɡlæsɡoʊ , ˈɡlæskoʊ/ ; Scots : Glesga [ ˈɡlezɡə ] ; Scottish Gaelic : Glaschu [ ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu ] ) is the most populous city in Scotland , and the third most populous city in the United Kingdom , as of the 2017 estimated city population of 621,020 . Historically part of Lanarkshire , the city now forms the Glasgow City council area , one of the 32 council areas of Scotland ; the local authority is Glasgow City Council . Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country 's West Central Lowlands . It is the fifth most visited city in the UK . Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians or , informally , as Weegies . Glasgow is also known for the Glasgow patter , a distinct dialect of the Scots language that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city . Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland , and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain . Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh , and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century , it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century . From the eighteenth century onwards , the city also grew as one of Great Britain 's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies . With the onset of the Industrial Revolution , the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world 's pre-eminent centres of chemicals , textiles and engineering ; most notably in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry , which produced many innovative and famous vessels . Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period , although many cities argue the title was theirs . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Glasgow 's population grew rapidly , reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 .
Australia competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow , Scotland , between 23 July and 3 August 2014 . It was the nation 's 20th appearance at the Commonwealth Games , having competed at every Games since their inception in 1930 . 417 athletes competed for Australia , the largest team at the competition , just ahead of England with 416 athletes . It is also the greatest number of athletes to represent Australia at any Commonwealth Games .