List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Alumni -- Military personnel
Table:
Military personnel educated at the college

Name

M

G

Degree

Notes

Ref

Sir Henry Bagenal

1572/3

DNG

—

Bagenal left without taking a degree to support his father, who was marshal of the army in Ireland, and succeeded him in 1590. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of the Yellow Ford in 1598.

[83]

Angus Buchanan

1913

1921

BA Jurisprudence (initially Literae Humaniores)

Buchanan won the Victoria Cross (1916) for conspicuous bravery in rescuing a severely wounded officer under fire. He was blinded when shot in 1917. On returning to the college in 1919, he read law and became president of the Jesus College Record.

[84]

Jenkin Jones

1639

DNG

—

Captain in the Parliamentarian army during the English Civil War, and a Puritan preacher

[13][85]

Sir Charles Kemeys, 2nd Baronet

1632

DNG

—

Royalist who fought during the English Civil War, attacking Cardiff and defending Pembroke Castle

[13][86]

T. E. Lawrence

1907

1910

BA Modern History (1st)

"Lawrence of Arabia"

[87][88]

Henry Lloyd

1736?

1739?

?

18th-century soldier who fought for various European countries (switching sides in the Seven Years' War) and whose writings on military theory were studied by George Washington and George S. Patton

[89]

Jim Mauldon

1938

1947

BA Mathematics (1st)

Studies interrupted by military service during the Second World War, during which he won the Military Cross; later became Professor of Mathematics at Amherst College in the United States

[90]

Sir Edward Morgan, 1st Baronet

1616

1619

BA

Royalist who held a commission during the Bishops' War and the English Civil War, before being captured at Hereford and suffering the sequestration of his estate

[91]

Thomas Morgan

—

1790

?

Matriculated from Wadham College; a naval chaplain who was injured during the Glorious First of June battle and involved in the Spithead mutiny before becoming chaplain of the naval dockyard at Portsmouth

[92]

Anton Muttukumaru

1928

1931

BA PPE (4th)

First Ceylonese-born officer to serve as Commander of the Ceylon Army (1955–59)

[93][94][95]

Chris Parry

1972

1975

BA Modern History

Rear admiral and military strategist

[9][96][97]

From the accompanying table and the background passages listed below.

Answer the following question: Who was tried and executed during the war that a Puritan cleric participated in ? Provide just your answer in a JSON object {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Do not introduce information beyond the provided sources.

Sir Henry Bagenal PC ( c. 1556 - 14 August 1598 ) was marshal of the Royal Irish Army during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I .
The Battle of the Yellow Ford ( Irish : Cath Bhéal-an-Átha-Buí ) was fought in western County Armagh , Ulster , in Ireland , near the River Blackwater on 14 August 1598 , during the Nine Years War ( Ireland ) . The battle was fought between the Gaelic native Irish army under Hugh O'Neill , Earl of Tyrone and Hugh O'Donnell , and a Crown expeditionary force from Dublin under Sir Henry Bagenal , commander of the Royal Irish Army . The Crown forces marched from Armagh town to re-supply a besieged fort on the Blackwater , and were attacked and routed with heavy losses .
Angus Buchanan , VC MC ( 11 August 1894 - 1 March 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .
A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law . Such degrees are generally preparation for legal careers ; but while their curricula may be reviewed by legal authority , they do not themselves confer a license . A legal license is granted ( typically by examination ) and exercised locally ; while the law degree can have local , international , and world-wide aspects- e.g. , in Britain the Legal Practice Course is required to become a British solicitor or the Bar Professional Training Course ( BPTC ) to become a barrister .
Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course .
The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system . It is awarded for valour in the presence of the enemy to members of the British Armed Forces . It may be awarded posthumously . It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours . It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 . Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two-thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch . These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace . The VC was introduced on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to honour acts of valour during the Crimean War . Since then , the medal has been awarded 1,358 times to 1,355 individual recipients . Only 15 medals , of which 11 were to members of the British Army and four were to members of the Australian Army , have been awarded since the Second World War . The traditional explanation of the source of the metal from which the medals are struck is that it derives from Russian cannon captured at the Siege of Sevastopol . However , research has suggested another origin for the material .
Jenkin Jones ( born 1623 ) was a Welsh captain in the army of the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War , and a Puritan cleric and preacher .
Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War ( 1641-1652 ) . Also known as Parliamentarians , they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters , known as the Cavaliers or Royalists , who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the 'divine right of kings ' . The goal of the Roundhead party was to give the Parliament supreme control over executive administration of the country/kingdom .
The English Civil War ( 1642-1651 ) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ) principally over the manner of England 's governance . The first ( 1642-1646 ) and second ( 1648-1649 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649-1651 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649-1653 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-1658 ) and briefly his son Richard ( 1658-1659 ) . A king had never been executed before . In England , the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship was ended , while in Ireland the victors consolidated the established Protestant Ascendancy . Constitutionally , the wars established the precedent that an English monarch can not govern without Parliament 's consent , although the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688 .
Sir Charles Kemeys , 2nd Baronet ( c.1614-1658 ) was the second of the Kemeys Baronets , a Welsh family of landowners in the county of Monmouthshire , Wales . His father , Sir Nicholas Kemeys , 1st Baronet was MP for Monmouth in 1628 , High Sheriff of Monmouthshire in 1621 and High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1638 , before being created the first baronet in 1642 by Charles I . Sir Nicholas died on 25 May 1648 , during the English Civil War , defending Chepstow Castle against the Parliamentarian forces . Sir Charles , who had been educated at Jesus College , Oxford and at Gray 's Inn , was knighted in 1643 and succeeded his father to the baronetcy . He was appointed High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1644 . He also took part in the English Civil War on the king 's side , attacking Cardiff in 1646 and defending Pembroke Castle afterwards . When the castle surrendered , he was fined £3,500 ( equivalent to £269,753 in 2007 ) and exiled for two years . Sir Charles died in 1658 . He was succeeded by his son , Sir Charles Kemeys , 3rd Baronet .
Cavalier ( /ˌkævəˈlɪər/ ) was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War , the Interregnum , and the Restoration ( 1642 - c. 1679 ) . It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves . Although it referred originally to political and social attitudes and behaviour , of which clothing was a very small part , it has subsequently become strongly identified with the fashionable clothing of the court at the time . Prince Rupert , commander of much of Charles I 's cavalry , is often considered to be an archetypal Cavalier .
Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development .
Pembroke Castle ( Welsh : Castell Penfro ) is a medieval castle in Pembroke , Pembrokeshire , Wales . The castle was the original family seat of the Earldom of Pembroke . A Grade I listed building since 1951 , it underwent major restoration during the early 20th century . In 1093 , Arnulf of Montgomery built the first castle at the site when he fortified the promontory beside the Pembroke River during the Norman invasion of Wales . A century later , the castle was given by Richard I to William Marshal , who became one of the most powerful men in 12th-century Britain . He rebuilt Pembroke in stone creating most of the structure that remains today . The castle is open to the public and is the largest privately-owned castle in Wales .
Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence , CB , DSO ( 16 August 1888 - 19 May 1935 ) was a British archaeologist , army officer , diplomat , and writer . He was renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War . The breadth and variety of his activities and associations , and his ability to describe them vividly in writing , earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia , a title used for the 1962 film based on his wartime activities . He was born out of wedlock in August 1888 to Sarah Junner , a governess , and Thomas Chapman , an Anglo-Irish landowner . Chapman left his wife and family in Ireland to cohabit with Junner . Chapman and Junner called themselves Mr and Mrs Lawrence , the surname of Sarah 's likely father ; her mother had been employed as a servant for a Lawrence family when she became pregnant with Sarah . In 1896 , the Lawrences moved to Oxford , where Thomas attended the High School and then studied history at Jesus College from 1907 to 1910 . Between 1910 and 1914 , he worked as an archaeologist for the British Museum , chiefly at Carchemish in Ottoman Syria . Soon after the outbreak of war , he volunteered for the British Army and was stationed in Egypt . In 1916 , he was sent to Arabia on an intelligence mission and quickly became involved with the Arab Revolt as a liaison to the Arab forces , along with other British officers . He worked closely with Emir Faisal , a leader of the revolt , and he participated , sometimes as leader , in military actions against the Ottoman armed forces , culminating in the capture of Damascus in October 1918 . After the war , Lawrence joined the Foreign Office , working with the British government and with Faisal .
Henry Humphrey Evans Lloyd ( c.1718 - 19 June 1783 ) was a Welsh army officer and military writer . He fought for the French against the Austrians , the Jacobite forces of Charles Stuart against the British , the Austrians against the Prussians and the Prussians against the Austrians ( during the same war ) , and the Russians against the Turks . He also undertook various diplomatic missions for Britain . His writings on military theory were studied by George Washington and George S. Patton , and were used by J. F. C. Fuller to espouse a science of war .
The Seven Years ' War was a global war fought between 1756 and 1763 . It involved all five European great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers and spanned five continents , affecting Europe , the Americas , West Africa , India , and the Philippines . The conflict split Europe into two coalitions : one was led by the Kingdom of Great Britain and included the Kingdom of Prussia , the Kingdom of Portugal , the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( also named Hanover ) , and a few other small German states ; while the other was led by the Kingdom of France and included the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire , including the Electorate of Saxony and most of the smaller German states , the Russian Empire ( until 1762 ) , the Kingdom of Spain , and Sweden . The Dutch Republic , Denmark-Norway , the Italian States , and the Ottoman Empire did not participate . Meanwhile , in India , some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire , with the support of the French , failed to defeat a British attempt to conquer Bengal . Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies had begun in 1754 , with what became known in the United States as the French and Indian War , the large-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria 's desire to recover Silesia from Prussia . Seeing the opportunity to curtail Britain 's and Prussia 's ever-growing might , France and Austria put aside their ancient rivalry to form a grand coalition of their own , bringing most of the other European powers to their side . Faced with this sudden turn of events , Britain aligned itself with Prussia , in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution . However , French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed , and Britain 's rise as among the world 's predominant powers destroyed France 's supremacy in Europe , thus altering the European balance of power .
George Washington ( February 22 , 1732 [ b ] - December 14 , 1799 ) was an American political leader , military general , statesman , and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797 . Previously , he led Patriot forces to victory in the nation 's War for Independence . He presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 , which established the U.S. Constitution and a federal government . Washington has been called the Father of His Country for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the new nation . Washington received his initial military training and command with the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War . He was later elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses and was named a delegate to the Continental Congress , where he was appointed Commanding General of the Continental Army . He commanded American forces , allied with France , in the defeat and surrender of the British during the Siege of Yorktown . He resigned his commission after the Treaty of Paris in 1783 . Washington played a key role in adopting and ratifying the Constitution and was then elected president ( twice ) by the Electoral College . He implemented a strong , well-financed national government while remaining impartial in a fierce rivalry between cabinet members Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton . During the French Revolution , he proclaimed a policy of neutrality while sanctioning the Jay Treaty . He set enduring precedents for the office of president , including the title President of the United States , and his Farewell Address is widely regarded as a pre-eminent statement on republicanism .
George Smith Patton Jr. ( November 11 , 1885 - December 21 , 1945 ) was a general of the United States Army who commanded the U.S . Seventh Army in the Mediterranean theater of World War II , and the U.S. Third Army in France and Germany after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 . Born in 1885 to a family whose members had served in the United States and Confederate States armies , Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point . He studied fencing and designed the M1913 Cavalry Saber , more commonly known as the Patton Saber , and competed in modern pentathlon in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden . Patton first saw combat during 1916 's Pancho Villa Expedition , America 's first military action using motor vehicles . He saw action in World War I as part of the new United States Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces : he commanded the U.S. tank school in France , then led tanks into combat and was wounded near the end of the war . In the interwar period , Patton became a central figure in the development of the Army 's armored warfare doctrine , serving in numerous staff positions throughout the country . At the American entry into World War II , he commanded the 2nd Armored Division . Patton led U.S. troops into the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch in 1942 , and soon established himself as an effective commander by rapidly rehabilitating the demoralized U.S. II Corps . He commanded the U.S . Seventh Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily , where he was the first Allied commander to reach Messina . There he was embroiled in controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers , and was temporarily removed from battlefield command .
James Grenfell Mauldon MC ( 1920 - 21 May 2002 ) was a British mathematician who taught at the University of Oxford and in the United States at Amherst College .
The Military Cross ( MC ) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and ( since 1993 ) other ranks of the British Armed Forces , and formerly awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries . The MC is granted in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land to all members of the British Armed Forces of any rank . In 1979 , the Queen approved a proposal that a number of awards , including the Military Cross , could be recommended posthumously .
Amherst College ( /ˈæmərst/ ( listen ) AM-ərst ) is a private liberal arts college in Amherst , Massachusetts . Founded in 1821 as an attempt to relocate Williams College by its then-president Zephaniah Swift Moore , Amherst is the third oldest institution of higher education in Massachusetts . The institution was named after the town , which in turn had been named after Jeffery , Lord Amherst , Commander-in-Chief of British forces of North America during the French and Indian War . Originally established as a men 's college , Amherst became coeducational in 1975 . Amherst is an exclusively undergraduate four-year institution ; the school enrolled 1,855 students in fall 2018 . Students choose courses from 38 major programs in an open curriculum and are not required to study a core curriculum or fulfill any distribution requirements ; students may also design their own interdisciplinary major . For the class of 2023 , Amherst received 10,567 applications and accepted 1,144 , yielding a 10.8% acceptance rate . Amherst was ranked as the best liberal arts college in the country for 2018-19 by The Wall Street Journal , the second best liberal arts college in the country by U.S. News & World Report , and 16th out of all U.S. colleges and universities by Forbes in their 2018 rankings . Amherst competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference . Amherst has historically had close relationships and rivalries with Williams College and Wesleyan University , which form the Little Three colleges . The college is a member of the Five College Consortium , which allows its students to attend classes at four other Pioneer Valley institutions : Mount Holyoke College , Smith College , Hampshire College , and the University of Massachusetts Amherst .
Sir Edward Morgan , 1st Baronet of Llantarnam ( died 24 June 1653 ) was a Roman Catholic supporter of Charles I during the Bishops ' War and the English Civil War . Charles created him a baronet in recognition of his services , but his capture during the English Civil War led to his estate being sequestered .
The Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 are generally viewed as the starting point of the 1639-1652 Wars of the Three Kingdoms that ultimately involved the whole of the British Isles . They originated in long-standing disputes over control and governance of the Church of Scotland or kirk that went back to the 1580s . These came to a head in 1637 when Charles I attempted to impose uniform practices between the kirk and the Church of England . Charles favoured an episcopal system , or rule by bishops , while the majority of Scots advocated a presbyterian system , without bishops . The 1638 National Covenant pledged to oppose these 'innovations ' and the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland voted to expel bishops from the kirk . When Charles resorted to force , the Covenanters defeated Royalist forces in Aberdeenshire in 1639 , then an English army in 1640 , leaving them in control of Scotland .
Hereford ( /ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ( listen ) ) is a cathedral city , civil parish and county town of Herefordshire , England . It lies on the River Wye , approximately 16 miles ( 26 km ) east of the border with Wales , 24 miles ( 39 km ) southwest of Worcester , and 23 miles ( 37 km ) northwest of Gloucester . With a population of 60,415 , it is by far the largest settlement in Herefordshire .
Thomas Morgan ( 6 December 1769 - 22 November 1851 ) was a Welsh navy chaplain who saw action during the French Revolutionary Wars and was involved in the Spithead mutiny before serving as chaplain of the naval dockyard at Portsmouth .
Wadham College ( /ˈwɒdəm/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom . It is located in the centre of Oxford , at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road . Wadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy Wadham , according to the will of her late husband Nicholas Wadham ( 1531-1609 ) , a member of an ancient Devon and Somerset family . The central buildings , a notable example of Jacobean architecture , were designed by the architect William Arnold and erected between 1610 and 1613 . They include a large and ornate Hall . Adjacent to the central buildings are the Wadham Gardens . Amongst Wadham 's most famous alumni is Sir Christopher Wren . Wren was one of a brilliant group of experimental scientists at Oxford in the 1650s , the Oxford Philosophical Club , which included Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke . This group held regular meetings at Wadham College under the guidance of the warden , John Wilkins , and the group formed the nucleus which went on to found the Royal Society . Wadham is a liberal and progressive college which aims to maintain the diversity of its student body and a friendly atmosphere . Founded as a men 's college , in 1974 it was among the first become coeducational , and the college has a strong reputation as a promoter of gay rights . In 2011 it became the first Oxford college to fly the rainbow flag as part of queer week , a celebration of sexual diversity and individuality .
A military chaplain ministers to military personnel and , in most cases , their families and civilians working for the military . In some cases they will also work with local civilians within a military area of operations . Although the term chaplain originally had Christian roots , it is generally used today in military organizations to describe all professionals specially trained to serve any spiritual need , regardless of religious affiliation . In addition to offering pastoral care to individuals , and supporting their religious rights and needs , military chaplains may also advise the executive on issues of religion , and ethics , morale and morals as affected by religion . They may also liaise with local religious leaders in an effort to understand the role of religion as a factor both in hostility and war and in reconciliation and peace . Military chaplains normally represent a religion or faith group but work with military personnel of all faiths and none . Some countries , like the Netherlands and Belgium , also employ humanist chaplains who offer a non-religious approach to chaplain support .
The Glorious First of June ( also known as the Fourth Battle of Ushant or , in France , as the Bataille du 13 prairial an 2 or Combat de Prairial ) [ Note A ] of 1794 was the first and largest fleet action of the naval conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars . The action was the culmination of a campaign that had criss-crossed the Bay of Biscay over the previous month in which both sides had captured numerous merchant ships and minor warships and had engaged in two partial , but inconclusive , fleet actions . The British Channel Fleet under Admiral Lord Howe attempted to prevent the passage of a vital French grain convoy from the United States , which was protected by the French Atlantic Fleet , commanded by Rear-Admiral Villaret-Joyeuse . The two forces clashed in the Atlantic Ocean , some 400 nautical miles ( 700 km ) west of the French island of Ushant on 1 June 1794 . During the battle , Howe defied naval convention by ordering his fleet to turn towards the French and for each of his vessels to rake and engage their immediate opponent . This unexpected order was not understood by all of his captains , and as a result his attack was more piecemeal than he intended . Nevertheless , his ships inflicted a severe tactical defeat on the French fleet . In the aftermath of the battle both fleets were left shattered ; in no condition for further combat , Howe and Villaret returned to their home ports . Despite losing seven of his ships of the line , Villaret had bought enough time for the French grain convoy to reach safety unimpeded by Howe 's fleet , securing a strategic success . However , he was also forced to withdraw his battle fleet back to port , leaving the British free to conduct a campaign of blockade for the remainder of the war . In the immediate aftermath both sides claimed victory and the outcome of the battle was seized upon by the press of both nations as a demonstration of the prowess and bravery of their respective navies . The Glorious First of June demonstrated a number of the major problems inherent in the French and British navies at the start of the Revolutionary Wars .
The Spithead and Nore mutinies were two major mutinies by sailors of the Royal Navy in 1797 . They were the first outbreaks of a significant increase in maritime radicalism in the Atlantic World . Despite their temporal proximity , the mutinies differed in character : while the Spithead mutiny was essentially a strike action , articulating economic grievances , the Nore mutiny was more radical , articulating political ideals as well . The mutinies were extremely concerning for Britain , because at the time the country was at war with Revolutionary France , and the Navy was the most significant component of the war effort . There were also concerns among the government that the mutinies might be part of wider attempts at revolutionary sedition instigated by societies such as the London Corresponding Society and the United Irishmen .
Her Majesty 's Naval Base , Portsmouth ( HMNB Portsmouth ) is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy ( the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Devonport ) . Portsmouth Naval Base is part of the city of Portsmouth ; it is located on the eastern shore of Portsmouth Harbour , north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight . Until the early 1970s , it was officially known as Portsmouth Royal Dockyard ( or HM Dockyard , Portsmouth ) ; thereafter the term 'Naval Base ' gained currency , acknowledging a greater focus on personnel and support elements alongside the traditional emphasis on building , repairing and maintaining ships . In 1984 Portsmouth 's Royal Dockyard function was downgraded and it was formally renamed the 'Fleet Maintenance and Repair Organisation ' ( FMRO ) . The FMRO was privatized in 1998 ( and for a time ( 2002-2014 ) shipbuilding , in the form of block construction , returned ) . Around the year 2000 , the designation HMS Nelson ( which until then had been specific to Portsmouth 's Naval Barracks in Queen Street ) was extended to cover the entire base . The base is the headquarters for two-thirds of the Royal Navy 's surface fleet , and employs up to 17,200 people. [ when ? ] [ citation needed ] The base is also home to a number of commercial shore activities ( including a ship repair facility operated by BAE Systems Maritime ) ; naval logistics , accommodation and messing ; and personnel support functions ( e.g . medical and dental ; education ; pastoral and welfare ) provided by Defence Equipment and Support . Portsmouth has built sections for , and will be home port to , the two new Royal Navy aircraft carriers , HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales . They required the harbour to be dredged to allow safe entry and exit . The project was intended to secure the base 's future for the next forty years and would revitalise shipbuilding in the city ; but , due to budget cuts in 2013 shipbuilding in Portsmouth was closed in favour of BAE keeping its yards in Glasgow open .
Major General Anton M. Muttukumaru , OBE , ED , ADC , idc ( 6 July 1908 - 2001 ) was the first Ceylonese Army officer to serve as Commander of the Ceylon Army ( now Sri Lankan Army ) , a post he held from 1955 to 1959 . He also served as Ceylon 's High Commissioner to Australia , New Zealand , Pakistan and Ambassador to Egypt .
Philosophy , politics and economics or politics , philosophy , and economics ( PPE ) is an interdisciplinary undergraduate or postgraduate degree which combines study from three disciplines . The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s . This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi , Burmese politician and State Counsellor of Myanmar , Nobel Peace Prize winner ; Princess Haya bint Hussein daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and wife of the ruler of Dubai ; Christopher Hitchens , the British-American polemicist , Oscar winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck ; Philippa Foot a British philosopher ; Harold Wilson , Edward Heath and David Cameron , former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom ; Hugh Gaitskell , William Hague and Ed Miliband , former Leaders of the Opposition ; former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan ; and Malcolm Fraser , Bob Hawke and Tony Abbott , former Prime Ministers of Australia . The course received fresh attention in 2017 , when Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai earned a place . In the 1980s , the University of York went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model ; King 's College London , the University of Warwick , the University of Manchester , and other British universities later followed . According to the BBC , the Oxford PPE dominate [ s ] public life ( in the UK ) . It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world . More recently Warwick University and Kings College added a new degree under the name of PPL ( Politics , Philosophy and Law ) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees . In the United States , it is offered by two Ivy League universities -- the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University ( under the designation Ethics , Politics and Economics ) . In the non-English speaking world the French grande école Sciences Po ( Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris originally , now existing in 8 other big French cities : Aix , Bordeaux , Grenoble , Lille , Lyon , Rennes , Strasbourg and Toulouse ) offers since the late 19th century an approaching cursus with a wide variety of electives . Sciences Po has been emulated in a number of countries . A good number of French political and entrepreunarial elite and civil servants are Sciences Po graduates , though the vast majority of political ministers and elected officials at the national level prefers or adds the even more selective grande école ENA ( École Nationale d'Administration ) .
The Commander of the Army is the title of the professional head of the Sri Lanka Army . The Army Commander is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army . The current Commander of the Army is Lieutenant General Shavendra Silva .
Rear Admiral Christopher John Parry , CBE is a former Royal Navy officer who was the first Chair of the UK Government 's Marine Management Organisation until 2011 . He is now a strategic forecaster and risk expert .
Rear admiral ( RAdm ) is a flag officer rank of the British Royal Navy . It is immediately superior to commodore and is subordinate to vice admiral . It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7 . The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general ; and in the Royal Air Force , it is air vice-marshal .