List of winners of the Rotterdam Marathon
Women 's winners
Table:
Date

Athlete

Country

Time

Notes

23 May 1981

Marja Wokke

Netherlands

2:43:23

Course record

22 May 1982

Mathilde Heuing

West Germany

2:54:03

9 April 1983

Rosa Mota

Portugal

2:32:27

Course record

14 April 1984

Carla Beurskens

Netherlands

2:34:56

20 April 1985

Wilma Rusman

Netherlands

2:35:32

19 April 1986

Ellinor Ljungros

Sweden

2:41:06

18 April 1987

Nelly Aerts

Belgium

2:41:24

17 April 1988

Xiao Hongyan

China

2:37:46

16 April 1989

Elena Murgoci

Romania

2:32:03

Course record

22 April 1990

Carla Beurskens

Netherlands

2:29:47

Course record, 2nd victory

21 April 1991

Joke Kleijweg

Netherlands

2:34:18

5 April 1992

Aurora Cunha

Portugal

2:29:14

Course record

18 April 1993

Anne van Schuppen

Netherlands

2:34:15

17 April 1994

Miyoko Asahina

Japan

2:25:52

Course record

23 April 1995

Mónica Pont

Spain

2:30:34

28 April 1996

Lieve Slegers

Belgium

2:28:06

20 April 1997

Tegla Laroupe

Kenya

2:22:07

Course record

19 April 1998

Tegla Laroupe

Kenya

2:20:47

Course record, world record, 2nd victory

18 April 1999

Tegla Laroupe

Kenya

2:22:48

3rd victory

16 April 2000

Ana Isabel Alonso

Spain

2:30:21

From the tabular data plus the background passages provided.

Answer the following question: How many times did the runner who won the Rotterdam Marathon on 14 April 1984 compete in the Olympics ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Base your answer solely on the given information.

Marja Wokke ( born 21 March 1957 in Bergen , North Holland ) is a former marathon runner from the Netherlands , most active in the 1970s .
The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' .
Mathilde Heuing ( born 25 September 1952 ) is a German former middle- and long-distance runner .
West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany , a country in Western Europe , in the period between its formation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990 . During this Cold War period , the western portion of Germany was part of the Western Bloc . The Federal Republic was created during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II , established from eleven states formed in the three Allied zones of occupation held by the United States , the United Kingdom and France . Its ( provisional ) capital was the city of Bonn . The Cold War era West Germany is also retrospectively designated the Bonn Republic . At the onset of the Cold War , Europe was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs . Germany was de facto divided into two countries and two special territories , the Saarland and a divided Berlin . Initially , the Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany , considering itself to be the sole democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich . It took the line that the German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) was an illegally constituted puppet state . Though the GDR did hold regular elections , these were neither free nor fair . From the West German perspective , the GDR was therefore illegitimate . Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952 , and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957 .
Rosa Maria Correia dos Santos Mota , GCIH , GCM ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁɔzɐ ˈmɔtɐ ] ; born 29 June 1958 ) is a Portuguese former marathon runner , one of her country 's foremost athletes , being the first sportswoman from Portugal to win Olympic gold . Mota was the first woman to win multiple Olympic marathon medals as well as being the only woman to be the reigning European , World , and Olympic champion at the same time . On the 30th Anniversary Gala of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races ( AIMS ) she was distinguished as the greatest female marathon runner of all time .
Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers .
Carolina ( Carla ) Alwina Hubertina Beurskens ( born 10 February 1952 ) was one of Holland 's most prominent female long-distance runners from the second half of the 1970s until well into the 1990s , including all distances from 3000 metres to the marathon . During the greater part of this period she was most successful at the longer distance . The variety of the twenty-three national titles she obtained during her long carrier clearly shows to what extent Beurskens dominated all aspects of the métier : three titles on indoor- and five on outdoor tracks , nine on the road and six in the cross country . At the long distances she is by far the most successful Dutch female athlete ever . Carla Beurskens did not very often represent her native country in major international tournaments . She took part in the Summer Olympics twice : in Los Angeles 1984 and Seoul 1988 , three times in European and one time in World Championships . For various reasons she never performed particularly well at those events . Her fifth place in the European Championships marathon of 1982 in Athens was her best achievement ever . Much better were Beurskens achievements in the marathons of various big cities all over the world . For instance , with the exception of Kenyas Tegla Loroupe , she is the only female athlete who won the Rotterdam Marathon more than once . And this although shortly after her first victory in 1984 she declared that in the future she would ignore Rotterdam , unless the circumstances for female competitors would improve drastically . Finally in 1990 the circumstances seemed to fulfil the conditions of the athlete from Limburg , because she appeared on the scene once more and won for the second time .
Wilma Rusman née Zukrowski ( born 14 May 1958 in Sittard ) is a retired female long-distance runner from the Netherlands . She won the 1985 edition of the Rotterdam Marathon , clocking 2:35:32 on April 20 , 1985 .
Ellinor Ljungros ( born 19 May 1953 ) is a former female long-distance runner from Sweden , who won the Rotterdam Marathon on 19 April 1986 clocking 2:41:06 .
Sweden ( Swedish : Sverige [ ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Sweden ( Swedish : Konungariket Sverige [ ˈkôːnɵŋaˌriːkɛt ˈsvæ̌rjɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe . It borders Norway to the west and north and Finland to the east , and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund Strait . At 450,295 square kilometres ( 173,860 sq mi ) , Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe , the third-largest country in the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe by area . The capital city is Stockholm . Sweden has a total population of 10.3 million of which 2.5 million have a foreign background . Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born , or born in Sweden with foreign born parents . It has a low population density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 57/sq mi ) and the highest urban concentration is in the central and southern half of the country . Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia . The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence . In spite of the high latitude , Sweden often has warm continental summers , being located in between the North Atlantic , the Baltic Sea and the vast Eurasian Russian landmass . The general climate and environment varies significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudal difference and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters . Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural , while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains .
Nelly Aerts ( born 30 September 1962 ) is a Belgian former long-distance runner who competed in the marathon . She represented Belgium at the 1990 European Athletics Championships and won marathons in Rotterdam and Brussels . Her personal bests of 1:11:32 for the half marathon and 2:33:33 hours for the marathon are former national records . She won the 1987 Rotterdam Marathon in a time of 2:41:24 hours , then won her first Belgian marathon title two months later . In September she broke the Belgian record with a winning run of 2:33:33 hours at the Brussels Marathon . She was invited to November 's New York City Marathon and came tenth in a time of 2:38:18 hours . Her second marathon season came in 1989 . Aerts began the year with a Belgian record of 1:11:32 hours in the half marathon - a time that won her the women 's race at the City-Pier-City Half Marathon . This record stood for five years , until it was beaten by Marleen Renders in 1994 . She was third at the Paris Marathon in a near-personal best time of 2:33:58 hours and won a second title in Brussels , which was also the national championship race that year . Her last marathon outing that year was the Carpi Marathon in October and she again reached the podium , taking third place . Aerts made three international appearances for Belgium : she was seventeenth in the marathon at the 1990 European Athletics Championships and competed at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 1989 and 1990 .
Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments .
Xiao Hongyan ( Chinese : 肖紅艷 ; pinyin : Xiāo Hóngyàn ; born 26 January 1965 ) is a former Chinese long-distance runner . She was the bronze medallist in the 10,000 metres at the 1986 Asian Games and won the 1988 Rotterdam Marathon . Her personal best of 2:32:11 hours is a former Chinese record for the marathon . Born in Rushan , Shandong , she started out as a middle distance runner and won the national junior 800 metres and 1500 metres titles in 1982 . She quickly moved up to the marathon distance and came third in the event at the 1983 Chinese National Games . She won the Chinese senior title over 10,000 metres at the 1986 national championships and gained selection for the 1986 Asian Games as a result . She was primarily instructed to run tactically to provide the more talented Wang Xiuting with a chance to win the title . Her team mate won the race while Xiao finished behind Japan 's Kumi Araki to take the bronze medal . In respect of this achievement , she was entered into the marathon at the 1987 Chinese National Games and she won the gold medal in a career best performance of 2:32:11 hours . This time was a Chinese national record for the event , although it lasted less than a year as Zhao Youfeng ran faster in March 1988 . She was given permission to compete at the Rotterdam Marathon in April 1988 and she became the race 's first Asian champion , winning in a time of 2:37:46 hours . She retired from competition and became a coach in the Shandong Province from 1992 onwards .
China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II .
Elena Murgoci-Florea ( May 20 , 1960 - August 26 , 1999 ) was a female long-distance runner from Romania , who specialized in the marathon race . Murgoci represented her native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics , finishing in 32nd place in the women 's marathon race . She is best known for winning the Amsterdam Marathon ( 1988 ) and the Rotterdam Marathon ( 1989 ) . She died aged 39 in Bucharest when being stabbed to death outside her home by a jealous boyfriend .
Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania .
Joke Kleijweg ( born 9 January 1962 , Maasland ) is a retired female long-distance runner from the Netherlands . She won the 1991 edition of the Rotterdam Marathon , clocking 2:34:18 on Sunday April 21 , 1991 . Later that year she competed at the World Championships in Tokyo , where she did n't finish the women 's marathon race . Kleijweg won the Parelloop 10K in race in the Netherlands in 1991 .
Aurora Cunha ( born May 31 , 1959 in Ronfe , near Guimarães ) is a retired long-distance runner from Portugal , living in Póvoa de Varzim . From 1984-1992 she represented her native country in three consecutive Olympic Games . Cunha 's greatest successes were in road running , at which she was a three-time World Champion . She also won several marathons during her career , including Paris ( 1988 ) , Tokyo ( 1988 ) , Chicago ( 1990 ) and Rotterdam ( 1992 ) .
Antje ( Anne ) Elisabeth van Schuppen ( born 11 October 1960 in Doornspijk , Gelderland ) is a former long-distance runner from the Netherlands , who represented her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia . There she finished in 41st place , clocking 2:40:46 . She won the Rotterdam Marathon on 18 April 1993 in a time of 2:34:15 . She won the City-Pier-City Loop half marathon in the Hague in 1992 .
Miyoko Asahina ( 朝比奈三代子 ; born September 24 , 1969 ) is a retired female long-distance runner from Japan . She set her personal best ( 2:25:52 ) in the women 's marathon event on April 17 , 1994 to win the Rotterdam Marathon .
Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) .
Mónica Pont Chafer ( born June 3 , 1969 in Bufali , Valencia ) is a former long-distance runner from Spain , who won the Rotterdam Marathon on April 23 , 1995 clocking 2:30:34 . She represented her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the women 's marathon race , where she finished in 14th place . Pont set her personal best ( 2:27:53 ) in the classic distance in 1996 .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
Lieve Slegers ( born 6 April 1965 in Turnhout , Vlaanderen ) is a former long-distance runner from Belgium , who won the Rotterdam Marathon on 28 April 1996 clocking 2:28:06 . She represented her native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in the women 's 10,000 metres , where she was eliminated in the qualifying heats . Slegers also competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics . She was the 1995 winner of the 20 km of Brussels . She was also a cross country runner - Slegers won the Cross Internacional de Venta de Baños in 1989 . She was successful domestically , winning the Lotto Cross Cup series in 1991-92 and 1994-95 . She also won the 1992 Eurocross competition in neighbouring Luxembourg .
Tegla Chepkite Loroupe ( born 9 May 1973 ) is a Kenyan long-distance track and road runner . She is also a global spokeswoman for peace , women 's rights and education . Loroupe holds the world records for 25 and 30 kilometres and previously held the world marathon record . She was the first African woman to hold the marathon World Record , which she held from 19 April 1998 until 30 September 2001 . She is the three-time World Half-Marathon champion . Loroupe was also the first woman from Africa to win the New York City Marathon , which she has won twice . She has won marathons in London , Rotterdam , Hong Kong , Berlin and Rome . In 2016 , she was the person organising the Refugee Team for the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio .
Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 .
Ana Isabel Alonso ( born 16 August 1963 in Villaherreros , Palencia ) is a former long-distance runner from Spain , who represented her native country in three Summer Olympics : 1988 , 1996 and 2000 . Her best finish came at her Olympic debut in Seoul , South Korea , where Alonso ended up in 25th place in the women 's 10.000 metres race . In Atlanta , Georgia and Sydney , Australia she ran the marathon , finishing in 49th ( 2:44:12 ) and 30th ( 2:36.45 ) place . In 2000 , she won the Rotterdam Marathon . She is a one-time national champion in the women 's 5.000 metres and was the winner of the second edition of the Cross Internacional de Soria meeting . She also won the Cross Internacional de Venta de Baños three times , more than any other female athlete .