Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful
Existing ordinariates
Table:
Ordinariate
Geographical area
Jurisdiction
Cathedral see
Ordinary
Date(s) of founding

Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Argentina
Argentina
All Eastern Catholics
now Buenos Aires
Metropolitan Archbishop of Buenos Aires
1959-02-19

Ordinariate for Catholics of Byzantine Rite in Austria
Austria
Byzantine Rite Catholics
Vienna
vested in the Metropolitan Archbishop of Vienna
1945-10-03 and 1956-06-13

Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Brazil
Brazil
All Eastern Catholics
presently Belo Horizonte
Metropolitan Archbishop of Belo Horizonte
1951-11-14

Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Eastern Europe
only Armenia, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine
Armenian Rite Catholics
Gyumri (Armenia)
Armenian bishop of a titular see
1991-07-13

Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in France
France
All Eastern Catholics
Paris
vested in the Metropolitan Archbishop of Paris
1954-06-16

Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Greece
Greece
Armenian Rite Catholics
Athens
vacant (under an apostolic administrator)
1925-12-21

Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Poland
Poland
now Armenian Rite Catholics
now Warsaw
Metropolitan Archbishop of Warsaw
1991-01-16

Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Romania
Romania
Armenian Rite Catholics
Gherla
vacant (under an apostolic administrator)
1930-06-05

Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Spain
Spain
All Eastern Catholics
none yet
Metropolitan Archbishop of Madrid
2016-06-09

Consulting the following table and the supplementary paragraphs listed.

State the answer to the question: What is the Ordinariate whose geographical area signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side ? Output only the correct answer as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The Ordinariate for Eastern ( Rites ) Catholics in Argentina or Argentina of the Eastern Rite ( Spanish Ordinariato para los fieles de ritos orientales en Argentina ) is a Catholic Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful ( pseudo-diocesan jurisdiction within a Latin territory ) , jointly for all Eastern Catholics , regardless of rite , living in Argentina .
Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture .
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches , also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches , or simply the Eastern Churches and in some historical cases referred to pejoratively as Uniates , [ a ] are twenty-three Eastern Christian sui iuris ( autonomous ) particular churches of the Catholic Church , in full communion with the pope in Rome . They are united with one another and with the Latin or Roman Church ( also known as the Western Church ) . In particular , they recognize the central role of the Bishop of Rome within the College of Bishops and his infallibility when speaking ex cathedra . The majority of the Eastern Catholic Churches are groups from the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Oriental Orthodox churches , and the historic Church of the East that have returned to communion with the Bishop of Rome due to extenuating political and cultural circumstances influencing the churches ' relations . As such the five liturgical traditions of the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches , including the Alexandrian Rite , the Armenian Rite , the Byzantine Rite , the East Syriac Rite , and the West Syriac Rite , are shared with other Eastern Christian churches . Consequently , the Catholic Church consists of six liturgical rites ; including the aforementioned five liturgical traditions of the Eastern Catholic Churches along with the Latin liturgical rites of the Latin Church . Headed by patriarchs , metropolitans , and major archbishops , the Eastern Catholic Churches are governed in accordance with the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches , although each church also has its own canons and laws on top of this , and the preservation of their own traditions is explicitly encouraged . The total membership of the various churches accounts for about 18 million , according to the Annuario Pontificio ( the annual directory of the Catholic Church ) , thus making up about 1.5 percent of the Catholic Church , with the rest of its more than 1.3 billion members belonging to the Latin Church . The Maronite Church is considered the only one of the Eastern Catholic Churches to have always remained in full communion with the Holy See , while most of the other churches unified from the 16th century onwards . However , the Melkite Greek Catholic Church and the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church also claim perpetual communion . The largest six churches based on membership are : the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church ( Byzantine Rite ) , the Syro-Malabar Church ( East Syriac Rite ) , the Maronite Church ( West Syriac Rite ) , the Melkite Catholic Church ( Byzantine Rite ) , the Chaldean Catholic Church ( East Syriac Rite ) and the Armenian Catholic Church ( Armenian Rite ) . These six churches account for about 85% of the membership of the Eastern Catholic Churches .
Buenos Aires ( /ˌbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz/ or /-ˈaɪrɪs/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈbwenos ˈaiɾes ] ) is the capital and largest city of Argentina . The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata , on the South American continent 's southeastern coast . Buenos Aires can be translated as fair winds or good airs , but the former was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century , by the use of the original name Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre , named after the Madonna of Bonaria in Sardinia . The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation , which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts , constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas , with a population of around 15.6 million . The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province 's capital ; rather , it is an autonomous district . In 1880 , after decades of political infighting , Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province . The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores ; both are now neighborhoods of the city . The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy , hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ; CABA ) . Its citizens first elected a chief of government ( i.e . mayor ) in 1996 ; previously , the mayor was directly appointed by the President of the Republic . Buenos Aires ' quality of life was ranked 91st in the world in 2018 , being one of the best in Latin America . In 2012 , it was the most visited city in South America , and the second-most visited city of Latin America ( behind Mexico City ) .
The Archdiocese of Buenos Aires ( Archidioecesis Bonaerensis ) is one of thirteen Latin Metropolitan archdioceses of the Catholic Church in Argentina , South America . The Archbishopric of Buenos Aires is the Primatial see ( protocollary first-rank ) of Argentina , although the incumbent Metropolitan may be outranked by Cardinals or more senior ones . On 13 March 2013 , then-Archbishop Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as Pope , under the name of Francis . The current archbishop , since 28 March 2013 , is Mario Aurelio Poli , appointed by Pope Francis to succeed him as Archbishop of Buenos Aires .
The Ordinariate for Byzantine-rite Catholics in Austria ( or Austria of the Eastern Rite ) is a Catholic Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful ( pseudo-diocesan jurisdiction within a Latin territory ) , jointly for all Eastern Catholics of Byzantine Rite in the various languages of particular churches sui iuris in Austria . It is exempt , i.e . immediately subject to the Holy See and its Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches .
Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized .
The Byzantine Rite , also known as the Greek Rite or Constantinopolitan Rite , is the liturgical rite used by the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Greek Catholic Churches , and in a modified form , Byzantine Rite Lutheranism . Its development began during the fourth century in Constantinople and it is now the second most-used ecclesiastical rite in Christendom after the Roman Rite . The Byzantine Rite was originally developed and used in Greek language and later , with introduction of Eastern Orthodoxy to other ethnic groups it was translated into local languages and continued further development . Historically , most important non-Greek variants of Byzantine Rite are : Byzantine-Slavonic and Byzantine-Georgian . The rite consists of the divine liturgies , canonical hours , forms for the administration of sacred mysteries ( sacraments ) and the numerous prayers , blessings and exorcisms developed by the Church of Constantinople . Also involved are the specifics of church architecture , icons , liturgical music , vestments and traditions which have evolved over the centuries in the Eastern Orthodox Church and which are associated with this rite . Traditionally , the congregation stands throughout the whole service , and an iconostasis separates the sanctuary from the nave of the church . The faithful are very active in their worship , making frequent bows and prostrations , and feeling free to move about the temple ( church ) during the services . Also , traditionally , the major clergy and monks neither shave nor cut their hair or beards . Scripture plays a large role in Byzantine worship , with not only daily readings but also many quotes from the Bible throughout the services . The entire psalter is read each week , and twice weekly during Great Lent . Fasting is stricter than in the Roman Rite .
Vienna ( /viˈɛnə/ ( listen ) ; German : Wien [ viːn ] ( listen ) ) is the national capital , largest city , and one of nine states of Austria . Vienna is Austria 's most populous city , with about 1.9 million inhabitants ( 2.6 million within the metropolitan area , nearly one third of the country 's population ) , and its cultural , economic , and political centre . It is the 6th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union . Until the beginning of the 20th century , it was the largest German-speaking city in the world , and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants . Today , it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin . Vienna is host to many major international organizations , including the United Nations , OPEC , and the OSCE . The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of Czechia , Slovakia , and Hungary . These regions work together in a European Centrope border region . Along with nearby Bratislava , Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants . In 2001 , the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger . Additionally to being known as the City of Music due to its musical legacy , Vienna is also said to be the City of Dreams , because of it being home to the world 's first psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud .
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna ( Latin : Archidioecesis Viennensis ) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Austria . It was erected as the Diocese of Vienna on 18 January 1469 out of the Diocese of Passau , and elevated to an archdiocese on 1 June 1722 . The episcopal see resides in the cathedral of Stephansdom in Vienna . The current bishop is Christoph Schoenborn , appointed in 1995 and elevated to cardinal in 1998 . The Archdiocese is the metropolitan diocese of three suffragan dioceses : Roman Catholic Diocese of Eisenstadt , of Linz , and of Sankt Pölten . These four dioceses together constitute the ecclesiastical province of Vienna , one of only two ecclesiastical provinces of Austria , the other under the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salzburg .
The Ordinariate of Brazil for the faithful of the Eastern rite or Brazil of the Eastern Rite ( Portuguese : Ordinariato para os Fiéis de Ritos Orientais no Brasil ) is an Ordinariate ( pseudo-diocese of the Catholic Church ) for the Eastern Catholics in Brazil without proper jurisdiction of their own particular churches sui iuris . It is exempt , i.e . immediately subject to the Holy See and its Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches , not part of any ecclesiastical province . The Ordinariate is headquartered Rua Cosme Velho 470 , 20241-090 Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro state , Brazil and currently governed by Walmor Oliveira de Azevedo , ( Latin ) Metropolitan Archbishop of Belo Horizonte , but not vested in a particular see .
Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
Belo Horizonte ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈbɛlu oɾiˈzõtʃi ] , locally [ ˌbɛloɾiˈzõtʃi ] ( listen ) ; [ a ] Beautiful Horizon ) is the sixth-largest city in Brazil , with a population of approximately 2.5 million . It is the thirteenth-largest city in South America and the eighteenth-largest in the Americas . The metropolis is anchor to the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area , ranked as the third most populous metropolitan area in Brazil and the seventeenth most populous in the Americas . Belo Horizonte is the capital of the state of Minas Gerais , Brazil 's second most populous state . It is the first planned modern city in Brazil . The region was first settled in the early 18th century , but the city as it is known today was planned and constructed in the 1890s , to replace Ouro Preto as the capital of Minas Gerais . The city features a mixture of contemporary and classical buildings , and is home to several modern Brazilian architectural icons , most notably the Pampulha Complex . In planning the city , Aarão Reis and Francisco Bicalho sought inspiration in the urban planning of Washington , D.C . The city has employed notable programs in urban revitalization and food security , for which it has been awarded international accolades . The city is built on several hills and is completely surrounded by mountains . There are several large parks in the immediate surroundings of Belo Horizonte . The Mangabeiras Park ( Parque das Mangabeiras ) , 6 km ( 4 mi ) southeast of the city centre in the hills of Curral Ridge ( Serra do Curral ) , has a broad view of the city .
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte ( Latin : Archidioecesis Bellohorizontinus ) is an archdiocese located in the city of Belo Horizonte in Brazil .
The Armenian Catholic Ordinariate of Eastern Europe is an Ordinariate ( quasi-diocese ) of the Armenian Catholic Church ( Eastern Catholic , Armenian Rite in Armenian language ) for its faithful in certain Eastern European ex-Soviet countries without proper Ordinary for their particular church sui iuris . It is exempt , i.e . immediately subject to the Holy See ( notably the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches ) , not part of any ecclesiastical province .
The original native Armenian name for the country was Հայք ( Hayk ) ; however , it is currently rarely used . The contemporary name Հայաստան ( Hayastan ) became popular in the Middle Ages by addition of the Persian suffix -stan ( place ) . [ citation needed ] . However the origins of the name Hayastan trace back to much earlier dates and were first attested in circa 5th century in the works of Agathangelos , Faustus of Byzantium , Ghazar Parpetsi , Koryun , and Sebeos . The name has traditionally been derived from Hayk ( Հայկ ) , the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah , who , according to the 5th-century AD author Moses of Chorene ( Movsis Khorenatsi ) , defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC and established his nation in the Ararat region . The further origin of the name is uncertain . It is also further postulated that the name Hay comes from one of the two confederated , Hittite vassal states - the Ḫayaša-Azzi ( 1600-1200 BC ) . The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription ( 515 BC ) as Armina ( ) . The Ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία ( Armenía ) and Ἀρμένιοι ( Arménioi , Armenians ) are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus ( c. 550 BC - c. 476 BC ) . Xenophon , a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions , describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC . Some scholars have linked the name Armenia with the Early Bronze Age state of Armani ( Armanum , Armi ) or the Late Bronze Age state of Arme ( Shupria ) . These connections are inconclusive as it is not known what languages were spoken in these kingdoms .
Georgia ( Georgian : საქართველო , translit . : sakartvelo , IPA : [ sɑkʰɑrtʰvɛlɔ ] ( listen ) ) , known until 1995 as the Republic of Georgia ( Georgian : საქართველოს რესპუბლიკა , translit . : sakartvelos resp'ublik ' a ) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia . Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe , it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea , to the north by Russia , to the south by Turkey and Armenia , and to the southeast by Azerbaijan . The capital and largest city is Tbilisi . Georgia covers a territory of 69,700 square kilometres ( 26,911 sq mi ) , and its 2017 population is about 3.718 million . Georgia is a unitary parliamentary republic , with the government elected through a representative democracy . During the classical era , several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia , such as Colchis and Iberia . The Georgians officially adopted Christianity in the early 4th century . The Georgian Orthodox Church had enormous importance for the spiritual and political unification of early Georgian states . The unified Kingdom of Georgia reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great in the 12th and early 13th centuries . Thereafter , the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers , including the Mongols , the Ottoman Empire and successive dynasties of Iran .
Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state .
Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire .
The Armenian Rite is an independent liturgy used by both the Armenian Apostolic and Armenian Catholic Churches . It is also the rite used by a significant number of Eastern Catholic Christians in Georgia .
The area of modern-day Gyumri was known as Armenian Kumayri during the period of the Kingdom of Urartu . It is likely that the name was derived from the Cimmerians who conquered the region and probably founded the settlement . Under the domination of Turkic tribes , Kumayri was Turkified as Gümrü . In 1837 , Kumayri was renamed Alexandropol after Czar Nicholas I 's wife , Princess Alexandra Fyodorovna . Between 1924 and 1990 , the city was known as Leninakan in honor of Vladimir Lenin . Following independence , the original name Kumayri was used until 1992 , when Gyumri was chosen as the name of the city .
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions , sometimes called a dead diocese . The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a titular metropolitan ( highest rank ) , titular archbishop ( intermediary rank ) or titular bishop ( lowest rank ) , which normally goes by the status conferred on the titular see . The term is used to signify a diocese that no longer functionally exists , often because the diocese once flourished but the territory was conquered by Muslims or no longer functions because of a schism . The Greek-Turkish population exchange of 1923 also contributed to titular bishoprics . The see of Maximianoupolis along with the town that shared its name was destroyed by the Bulgarians under Emperor Kaloyan in 1207 ; the town and the see were under the control of the Latin Empire , which took Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 . Parthenia , in north Africa , was abandoned and swallowed by desert sand .
The Ordinariate for Eastern ( Rite ) Catholics in France ( or France of the Eastern Rite ) ( French : Ordinariat des catholiques de rite oriental résidant en France ) is a Catholic Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful ( pseudo-diocesan jurisdiction within a Latin Church territory ) , jointly for Eastern Catholics in various rites and languages of particular churches sui iuris without proper jurisdiction there . It is exempt , i.e . immediately subject to the Holy See , and depends directly on its Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
Paris ( French pronunciation : ​ [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire .
The Catholic Archdiocese of Paris ( Latin : Archidioecesis Parisiensis ; French : Archidiocèse de Paris ) is one of twenty-three archdioceses of the Catholic Church in France . The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum ; it was elevated to an archdiocese on October 20 , 1622 . Before that date the bishops were suffragan to the archbishops of Sens .
The Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Greece or Armenian Catholic Ordinariate of Greece ( informally Greece of the Armenians ) is an Ordinariate for the faithful of eastern rite ( Eastern Catholic quasi-diocesan jurisdiction ) of the Armenian Catholic Church ( Armenian Rite in Armenian language ) for its faithful in Greece . It is exempt , i.e . directly dependent on the Holy See ( notably the Roman Congregation for the Oriental Churches ) ; not part of any ecclesiastical province .
Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture .
Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe .
An Apostolic administration in the Catholic Church is administrated by a prelate appointed by the Pope to serve as the ordinary for a specific area . The area is not yet a diocese ( a stable 'pre-diocesan ' , usually missionary apostolic administration ) or for a diocese , eparchy or similar permanent ordinariate ( such a territorial prelature or a territorial abbacy ) that either has no bishop ( an apostolic administrator sede vacante , as after an episcopal death or resignation ) or , in very rare cases , has an incapacitated bishop ( apostolic administrator sede plena ) .
The Ordinariate for Eastern Catholics in Poland ( Poland of the Eastern Rite ) ( Polish Ordynariat dla wiernych obrządku wschodniego ) is the Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful ( pseudo-diocesan Eastern Catholic jurisdiction alongside a country 's Latin hierarchy ) for the members of non-Latin rite-specific particular churches sui iuris in Poland , excepting Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , which had its own church structure and Catholic Church of the Byzantine-Slavic rite , emerged in a Roman Catholic structure .
Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 .
Warsaw ( /ˈwɔːrsɔː/ WOR-saw ; Polish : Warszawa [ varˈʂava ] ( listen ) ; see also other names ) is the capital and largest city of Poland . The metropolis stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland and its population is officially estimated at 1.8 million residents . With a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents , Warsaw is the 5th most-populous urban area in the European Union . The city limits cover 517.24 square kilometres ( 199.71 sq mi ) , while the metropolitan area covers 6,100.43 square kilometres ( 2,355.39 sq mi ) . Warsaw is an alpha global city , a major international tourist destination , and a significant cultural , political and economic hub . Its historical old town was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Once described as the Paris of the North , Warsaw was believed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world until World War II . Bombed at the start of the German invasion in 1939 , the city withstood a siege for which it was later awarded Poland 's highest military decoration for heroism , the Virtuti Militari . Deportations of the Jewish population to concentration camps led to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and the destruction of the Ghetto after a month of combat . A general Warsaw Uprising between August and October 1944 led to even greater devastation and systematic razing by the Germans in advance of the Vistula-Oder Offensive . Warsaw gained the new title of Phoenix City because of its extensive history and complete reconstruction after World War II , which had left over 85% of its buildings in ruins . Warsaw is one of Europe 's most dynamic metropolitan cities .
The Archdiocese of Warsaw is a Catholic ecclesiastical territory or diocese in Poland encompassing the Polish capital . It was erected on October 16 , 1798 . It was elevated to an Archdiocese on June 30 , 1813 . A Metropolitan See , its suffragan dioceses are the Roman Catholic Diocese of Płock and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Warszawa-Praga . According to the church statistics 30.4% of the dioceses population attended a church weekly in 2013 . This is higher than a year earlier ( 29.8% ) however that does n't mean that church attendance is n't declining at all there .
The Ordinariate for Catholics of Armenian Rite in Romania ( Romanian : Ordinariatul Armeano-Catolic ) , based in Gherla , is an ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful that is part of the Armenian Catholic Church , itself under the authority of the Pope . It serves Catholic members of Romania 's Armenian community living in Transylvania .
Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania .
Gherla ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈɡerla ] ; Hungarian : Szamosújvár ; German : Neuschloss ) is a municipality in Cluj County , Romania ( in the historical region of Transylvania ) . It is located 45 km from Cluj-Napoca on the river Someșul Mic , and has a population of 20,203 . Three villages are administered by the city : Băița ( formerly Chirău , and Kérő in Hungarian ) , Hășdate ( Szamoshesdát ) and Silivaș ( Vizszilvás ) . The city was formerly known as Armenopolis ( Armenian : Հայաքաղաք Hayakaghak ; German : Armenierstadt ; Hungarian : Örményváros ) because it was populated by Armenians .
The Ordinariate for the Faithful of Eastern Rite in Spain is an Ordinariate ( pseudo-diocese ) for all non-Latin Catholic faithful living in Spain who belong to the particular Churches sui iuris of any Eastern rite immediately subject to the Holy See .
Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals .
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is one of Spain 's fourteen Metropolitan Archbishoprics . Incumbent Archbishop of Madrid since 28 August 2014 is Carlos Osoro Sierra , until then Archbishop of Valencia . Despite Madrid having been the seat of the Spanish Crown since 1561 , the diocese was only created in the late 19th century and gained archbishopric status in 1991 . Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is the Catedral de Santa María la Real de la Almudena , in Spanish national capital Madrid . The metropolitan city area also has several Minor Basilicas : the Basílica Ex-Catedral de San Isidro Basílica ( former Cathedral ) , the Basílica de San Lorenzo ( World Heritage Site , in El Escorial ) , the Basílica de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora ( dedicated to the Assumption , in Colmenar Viejo ) , the Basílica de la Concepción de Nuestra Señora the Basílica de Nuestro Padre Jesús de Medinaceli , the Basílica de San Vicente de Paul ( Milagrosa ) , the Basílica de Santa Cruz ( dedicated to the Holy Cross , in El Valle de los Caídos ) , the Basílica Pontificia de San Miguel , the Real Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Atocha ( royal , a National Shrine ) , the Real Basílica de San Francisco el Grande ( also royal ) .