List of shipwrecks in the Great Lakes
Lake Michigan
Table:
Ship

Sunk date

Notes

Coordinates

SS Alpena

15 October 1880

A sidewheel steamer that capsized in a storm.

Alvin Clark

19 June 1864

A schooner that sank off the shore of Chambers Island. It was raised in 1969 and taken to Menominee, where it became a tourist attraction. However, it quickly deteriorated, and was demolished in 1994 to make way for a parking lot.

45°06′15″N 87°37′13″W﻿ / ﻿45.104167°N 87.620278°W﻿ / 45.104167; -87.620278﻿ (Alvin Clark (schooner))

America

28 September 1880

A wooden schooner that struck another vessel's scow line.

SS Anna C. Minch

11 November 1940

A cargo carrier that broke in two and sank during the Armistice Day Blizzard.

43°47′13″N 86°31′52″W﻿ / ﻿43.787°N 86.531°W﻿ / 43.787; -86.531﻿ (SS Anna C. Minch)

SS Appomattox

2 November 1905

A bulk cargo steamship that ran aground in fog.

43°05′37.09″N 87°51′58.35″W﻿ / ﻿43.0936361°N 87.8662083°W﻿ / 43.0936361; -87.8662083﻿ (SS Appomattox)

SS Australasia

18 November 1896

A wooden steamship that sank after burning to a total loss.

44°55.20′N 87°11.13′W﻿ / ﻿44.92000°N 87.18550°W﻿ / 44.92000; -87.18550﻿ (SS Australasia)

SS Carl D. Bradley

18 November 1958

A self-unloading Great Lakes freighter caught in a vicious storm on Lake Michigan.

SS Chicora

21 January 1895

A steamer that went missing in Lake Michigan

Christina Nilsson

23 October 1884

A schooner that sank in a blizzard off Baileys Harbor.

City of Muskegon

28 October 1919

A paddlewheel steamer that struck a pier in a gale at Muskegon, Michigan, sinking in four minutes.

Continental

1904

A bulk carrier that sank off the coast of Two Rivers.

Daniel Lyons

17 October 1878

A schooner that collided with the Kate Gillett off Algoma.

SS Eber Ward

20 April 1909

A cargo ship that foundered in heavy ice west of Mackinaw City.

Erie L. Hackley

3 October 1903

A cargo liner that sank in a storm near Green Island, Wisconsin.

45°03.71′N 87°27.37′W﻿ / ﻿45.06183°N 87.45617°W﻿ / 45.06183; -87.45617﻿ (Erie L. Hackley)

SS Eastland

24 July 1915

Rolled over in the Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois. A total of 848 passengers and crew were killed––the largest loss of life in a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.

Fleetwing

26 September 1888

A schooner that ran aground off the coast of Liberty Grove.

SS Francisco Morazan

29 November 1960

Grounded and became a total loss in 1960 off the south shore of South Manitou Island. She ran over the wreck of the bulk freighter SS Walter L Frost.

Frank O'Connor

3 October 1919

A bulk carrier that caught fire and sank off the coast of North Bay.

45°06′52″N 87°0′44″W﻿ / ﻿45.11444°N 87.01222°W﻿ / 45.11444; -87.01222﻿ (Frank O'Connor)

Gallinipper

1851

A schooner that sank in a gale off the coast of Centerville.

Grape Shot

November 1867

A schooner that was run aground by a gale off the coast of Plum Island.

With reference to the tabular data as well as the relevant paragraphs provided at the end.

Provide an answer to this question: When was the City of Muskegon built ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}.

The SS Alpena was a sidewheel steamer built by Thomas Arnold of Gallagher & Company at Marine City , Michigan in 1866 . She was operated by the Goodrich Line after being purchased from Gardner , Ward & Gallagher in April 1868 . The Alpena sank in Lake Michigan in the Big Blow storm on October 15 , 1880 , with the loss of all on board .
A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water . In antiquity , paddle wheelers followed the development of poles , oars and sails , where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans .
Alvin Clark was a schooner which was constructed in 1847 and sank in Green Bay in 1864 . It was salvaged in 1969 and moored in Menominee , Michigan at the Mystery Ship Seaport , located in the Menominee River at the foot of Sixth Avenue . The ship was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1972 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 . Although the schooner was in pristine condition when raised , no plans were in place for its conservation , and the ship rapidly deteriorated . The remains of Alvin Clark were destroyed in 1994 .
Chambers Island , named in honor of Col. Talbot Chambers , is a 2,834 acre ( 4.428 sq . mi . ) island in Green Bay , about 7 miles ( 11 km ) off the coast of the Door Peninsula , near Gibraltar , Wisconsin . It is part of the Town of Gibraltar in Door County .
Menominee is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 8,599 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Menominee County . Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula , behind Marquette , Sault Ste . Marie , and Escanaba . Menominee Township is located to the north of the city , but is politically autonomous . Menominee is part of the Marinette , WI-MI Micropolitan Statistical Area .
The America was a wooden schooner . Its shipwreck site is located off the coast of Carlton , Wisconsin in Lake Michigan .
The SS Anna C. Minch was a cargo carrier which foundered , broke in two , and sank in Lake Michigan during the Armistice Day Blizzard on 11 November 1940 . The Anna C. Minch was a steam powered , steel hulled bulk freighter constructed in 1903 by the American Ship Building Company at Cleveland , Ohio . All twenty-four of the crew were lost when the ship sank . The cargo she was carrying at the time of her sinking was hardwood lumber . Her wreckage is located one and a half miles south of Pentwater , Michigan , not far from the wreckage of the SS William B. Davock , which foundered and sank in the same storm .
The Armistice Day Blizzard ( or the Armistice Day Storm ) took place in the Midwest region of the United States on November 11 ( Armistice Day ) and November 12 , 1940 . The intense early-season panhandle hook winter storm cut a 1,000-mile-wide ( 1600 km ) swath through the middle of the country from Kansas to Michigan .
The SS Appomattox was a wooden-hulled , American Great Lakes freighter that ran aground on Lake Michigan , off Atwater Beach off the coast of Shorewood , Wisconsin in Milwaukee County , Wisconsin , United States in 1905 . On the day of January 20 , 2005 the remnants of the Appomattox were listed on the National Register of Historic Places .
The Australasia was a wooden hulled steamship that sank on October 18 , 1896 in Lake Michigan near the town of Sevastopol , Door County , Wisconsin , United States , after burning off Cana Island . On July 3 , 2013 the wreck of the Australasia was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
SS Carl D. Bradley was a self-unloading Great Lakes freighter that sank in a Lake Michigan storm on November 18 , 1958 . Of the 35 crew members , 33 died in the sinking . 23 were from the port town of Rogers City , Michigan . Her sinking was likely caused by structural failure from the brittle steel used in her construction . Many husbands and fathers from the town were lost as a result of the wreck . Built in 1927 by the American Ship Building Company in Lorain , Ohio , Carl D. Bradley was owned by the Michigan Limestone division of U.S. Steel , and operated by the Bradley Transportation Line . She retained the title of Queen of the Lakes for 22 years as the longest and largest freighter on the Great Lakes .
Lake freighters , or lakers , are bulk carrier vessels that ply the Great Lakes of North America . These vessels are traditionally called boats , although classified as ships . Since the late 19th century , lakers have carried bulk cargoes of materials such as limestone , iron ore , grain , coal , or salt from the mines and fields of the upper Great Lakes to the populous industrial areas farther east . The 63 commercial ports handled 173 million tons of cargo in 2006 . Because of winter ice on the lakes , the navigation season is not usually year-round . The Soo Locks and Welland Canal close from mid-January to late March , when most boats are laid up for maintenance . Crewmembers spend these months ashore . Depending on their application , lakers may also be referred to by their type , such as oreboats ( primarily for iron ore ) , straight deckers ( no self-unloading gear ) , bulkers ( carry bulk cargo ) , sternenders ( all cabins aft ) , self unloaders ( with self unloading gear ) , longboats ( for their slender appearance ) , or lakeboats , among others . In the mid-20th century , 300 lakers worked the Lakes , but by the early 21st century there were fewer than 140 active lakers . SS Edmund Fitzgerald , which sank in 1975 , became widely known as the most recent and largest major vessel to be wrecked on the Great Lakes .
Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America . It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume ( 1,180 cu mi ( 4,900 km3 ) ) and the third-largest by surface area ( 22,404 sq mi ( 58,030 km2 ) ) , after Lake Superior and Lake Huron ( and is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of West Virginia ) . To the east , its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the narrow Straits of Mackinac , giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart ; the two are technically a single lake . Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes located entirely within the territory of the United States . It is shared , from west to east , by the U.S. states of Wisconsin , Illinois , Indiana , and Michigan . Ports along its shores include Chicago ; Milwaukee ; Green Bay , Wisconsin ; Gary , Indiana ; and Muskegon , Michigan . The word Michigan originally referred to the lake itself , and is believed to come from the Ojibwe word michi-gami meaning great water .
SS Chicora was a passenger-and-freight steamer built in 1892 for service on the Great Lakes . Considered to be one of Lake Michigan 's finest steamers , she was lost with all hands in January 1895 . She is now remembered chiefly for being mentioned by Chicago writer Nelson Algren , in Algrens prose-poem , Chicago : City on the Make : Who now knows the sorrowful long-ago name of the proud steamer Chicora , down with all hands in the ice off South Haven ? as well as Sunk under the ice in the waves off South Haven , sunk with all hands for good and forever , for keeps and a single day .
Christina Nilsson was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off Baileys Harbor , Wisconsin , on October 23 , 1884 . In 2003 , the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
Baileys Harbor is a town in Door County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 1,003 at the 2000 census . The unincorporated community of Peninsula Center is located in the town . The census-designated place of Baileys Harbor is also located with the town .
The City of Muskegon was a steel-hulled sidewheel package and passenger steamer , built in 1881 for service on the Great Lakes , which was wrecked early on Tuesday 28 October 1919 when it struck a pier at Muskegon , Michigan , at 0430 hrs. , in a 60 mph gale , sinking in a period estimated between four and ten minutes . Nine crew and six passengers were killed . There are conflicting sources on the number on board , however . One account listed 37 passengers and a crew of 35 .
Muskegon ( /mʌˈskiːɡən/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan , and is the largest populated city on the western shores of Michigan . At the 2010 census the city population was 38,401 . The city is the county seat of Muskegon County . It is at the southwest corner of Muskegon Township , but is administratively autonomous . The Muskegon Metro area had a population of 154,729 in 2010 . It is also part of the larger Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Muskegon-Combined Statistical Area with a population of 1,433,288 .
Continental was a bulk carrier that sank , or was wrecked in Lake Michigan off the coast of Two Rivers , Wisconsin , United States . In 2009 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
A bulk carrier , bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo , such as grains , coal , ore , steel coils and cement , in its cargo holds . Since the first specialized bulk carrier was built in 1852 , economic forces have led to continued development of these ships , resulting in increased size and sophistication . Today 's bulk carriers are specially designed to maximize capacity , safety , efficiency , and durability . Today , bulk carriers make up 21% of the world 's merchant fleets and range in size from single-hold mini-bulk carriers to mammoth ore ships able to carry 400,000 metric tons of deadweight ( DWT ) . A number of specialized designs exist : some can unload their own cargo , some depend on port facilities for unloading , and some even package the cargo as it is loaded . Over half of all bulk carriers have Greek , Japanese , or Chinese owners and more than a quarter are registered in Panama . South Korea is the largest single builder of bulk carriers , and 82% of these ships were built in Asia . On bulk carriers , crew are involved in operation management and maintenance of the vessel taking care of safety , navigation , maintenance and cargo care , in accordance with international maritime legislation . Cargo loading operations vary in complexity and loading and discharging of cargo can take several days . Bulk carriers can be gearless ( dependent upon terminal equipment ) or geared ( having cranes integral to the vessel ) . Crews can range in size from three people on the smallest ships to over 30 on the largest . Bulk cargo can be very dense , corrosive , or abrasive .
Two Rivers is a city in Manitowoc County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 11,712 at the 2010 census . It is the birthplace of the ice cream sundae ( though other cities , such as Ithaca , New York , make the same claim ) . The city 's advertising slogan is Catch our friendly waves as it is located along Lake Michigan .
The Daniel Lyons was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off the coast of Algoma , Wisconsin , United States . In 2007 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
Algoma is a city in Kewaunee County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . The population was 3,167 at the 2010 census . Algoma is part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area .
SS Eber Ward was a package freighter that served ports on the Upper Great Lakes from her launching in 1888 until she sank in the Straits of Mackinac on April 20 , 1909 , with the loss of five lives . The sunken cargo ship is a feature of the present-day Straits of Mackinac Shipwreck Preserve .
A cargo ship or freighter is a merchant ship that carries cargo , goods , and materials from one port to another . Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world 's seas and oceans each year , handling the bulk of international trade . Cargo ships are usually specially designed for the task , often being equipped with cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload , and come in all sizes . Today , they are almost always built by welded steel , and with some exceptions generally have a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years before being scrapped . [ better source needed ]
Mackinaw City ( /ˈmækɪnɔː/ ) is a village in Emmet and Cheboygan counties in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 806 at the 2010 census ; the population surges during the summer tourist season , including an influx of tourists and seasonal workers who serve in the shops , hotels and other recreational facilities there and in the surrounding region . Mackinaw City is at the northern tip ( headland ) of the Michigan 's Lower Peninsula along the southern shore of the Straits of Mackinac . Across the straits lies the state 's Upper Peninsula . These two land masses are physically connected by the Mackinac Bridge , which runs from Mackinaw City north to St. Ignace . Mackinaw City is also the primary base for ferry service to Mackinac Island , located to the northeast in the straits . According to AAA 's 2009 TripTik requests , Mackinaw City is the most popular tourist city in the state of Michigan . Local attractions include Fort Michilimackinac , the Mackinac Bridge , the Mackinaw Crossings shopping mall , Mill Creek , the Old Mackinac Point Light , the Historic Village , the McGulpin Point Light , and the retired US Coast Guard Icebreaker Mackinaw . The official name of the community is The Village of Mackinaw City and as that suggests , it is a village by state law . Mackinaw City is governed by the General Law Village Act , Public Act No . 3 , of 1895 , as amended . The downtown district and much of the development lie within Mackinaw Township , Cheboygan County , but the larger portion of the village by area is in Wawatam Township , Emmet County , which borders Mackinaw Township to the west .
The Erie L. Hackley was a passenger and cargo ship that operated in Lake Michigan from 1882 to 1903 . The ship sank in a storm near Green Island on 3 October 1903 .
A cargo liner , also known as a passenger-cargo ship or passenger-cargoman , is a type of merchant ship which carries general cargo and often passengers . They became common just after the middle of the 19th century , and eventually gave way to container ships and other more specialized carriers in the latter half of the 20th century .
Green Island is an island in Green Bay and part of the Town of Peshtigo , in Marinette County , Wisconsin . The Green Island Light is on the island .
The SS Eastland was a passenger ship based in Chicago and used for tours . On July 24 , 1915 , the ship rolled over onto her side while tied to a dock in the Chicago River . A total of 844 passengers and crew were killed in what was the largest loss of life from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes . After the disaster , Eastland was salvaged and sold to the United States Navy . After restorations and modifications , Eastland was designated a gunboat and renamed USS Wilmette . She was used primarily as a training vessel on the Great Lakes , and was scrapped after World War II .
The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of 156 miles ( 251 km ) that runs through the city of Chicago , including its center ( the Chicago Loop ) . Though not especially long , the river is notable because it is one of the reasons for Chicago 's geographic importance : the related Chicago Portage is a link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River Basin , and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico . The River is also noteworthy for its natural and human-engineered history . In 1887 , the Illinois General Assembly decided to reverse the flow of the Chicago River through civil engineering by taking water from Lake Michigan and discharging it into the Mississippi River watershed , partly in response to concerns created by an extreme weather event in 1885 that threatened the city 's water supply . In 1889 , the Illinois General Assembly created the Chicago Sanitary District ( now The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District ) to replace the Illinois and Michigan Canal with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal , a much larger waterway , because the former had become inadequate to serve the city 's increasing sewage and commercial navigation needs . Completed by 1900 , the project reversed the flow of the Main Stem and South Branch of the Chicago River by using a series of canal locks and increasing the flow from Lake Michigan into the river , causing the river to empty into the new Canal instead . In 1999 , the system was named a 'Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium ' by the American Society of Civil Engineers ( ASCE ) . The river is represented on the Municipal Flag of Chicago by two horizontal blue stripes . Its three branches serve as the inspiration for the Municipal Device , a three-branched , Y-shaped symbol that is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago .
Chicago ( /ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ ( listen ) , locally also /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/ ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois , and the third-most-populous city in the United States . With an estimated population of 2,705,994 ( 2018 ) , it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States . Chicago is the county seat of Cook County , the second-most-populous county in the US , with a small portion of the northwest side of the city extending into DuPage County near O'Hare Airport . Chicago is the principal city of the Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland . At nearly 10 million people , the metropolitan area is the third most populous in the United States . Located on the shores of freshwater Lake Michigan , Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed and grew rapidly in the mid-19th century . After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless , the city made a concerted effort to rebuild . The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades , and by 1900 , less than 30 years after the great fire , Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world . Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and zoning standards , including new construction styles ( including the Chicago School of architecture ) , the development of the City Beautiful Movement , and the steel-framed skyscraper . Chicago is an international hub for finance , culture , commerce , industry , education , technology , telecommunications , and transportation . It is the site of the creation of the first standardized futures contracts , issued by the Chicago Board of Trade , which today is the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world , generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone . Depending on the particular year , the city 's O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked as the world 's fifth or sixth busiest airport according to tracked data by the Airports Council International .
Fleetwing was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off Liberty Grove , Wisconsin , United States . In 2001 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
Liberty Grove is a town in Door County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 1,858 at the 2000 census . The unincorporated communities of Ellison Bay , Gills Rock , North Bay , Northport , and Rowleys Bay are in the town .
Francisco Morazan was a 1,442 GRT cargo ship that was built in 1922 as Arcadia by Deutsche Werft , Hamburg , for German owners . She was sold in 1924 and renamed Elbing . She was seized by the Allies in the River Elbe , Germany in May 1945 , passed to the United Kingdom 's Ministry of War Transport and renamed Empire Congress . In 1946 , she was allocated to the Norwegian Government and renamed Brunes . Brunes was sold into merchant service in 1947 and renamed Skuld . In 1948 , another sale saw her renamed Ringås . In 1958 , she was sold to Liberia and renamed Los Mayas and then Francisco Morazan ( for Francisco Morazán ) the following year . She served until 29 November 1960 when she ran aground in Lake Michigan and was declared a total loss .
South Manitou Island is located in Lake Michigan , approximately 16 miles ( 26 km ) west of Leland , Michigan . It is part of Leelanau County and the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore . The uninhabited island is 8.277 sq mi ( 21.44 km2 ) in land area and can be accessed by a ferry service from Leland . Guided tours on open-air vehicles are available to visitors , but most traffic is on foot . Larger North Manitou Island lies to its north . The island is 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) wide and 3 miles ( 4.8 km ) long . It is part of an island chain that extends north to the Straits of Mackinac . The island consists of a ridge of tilted layers of limestone , buried under a blanket of glacial debris . Glaciers carved out the Lake Michigan basin . When the basin filled with water , the peaks of the ridge remained exposed as islands . During post-glacial times , winds blowing on the high , sandy bluffs on the west side of the island moved sand inland , forming sand dunes . Florence Lake is the island 's only inland lake .
The Frank O'Connor was a bulk carrier that sank in Lake Michigan off the coast of North Bay , Door County , Wisconsin , United States . In 1994 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
North Bay is a small unincorporated community located on Lake Michigan in the town of Liberty Grove in northern Door County , Wisconsin . The North Bay State Natural Area along with a few resorts are located within the vicinity of the community .
The Gallinipper was a schooner that sank in Lake Michigan off the coast of Centerville , Manitowoc County , Wisconsin , USA . In 2010 , the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places .
Centerville is a town in Manitowoc County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 713 at the 2000 census .