Triple jump world record progression
Men
Table:
Mark
Wind
Athlete
Date
Location

15.52 m (50 ft 11 in)

Dan Ahearn (USA)
1911-05-3030 May 1911
New York City, U.S.[1]

15.52 m (50 ft 11 in)

Nick Winter (AUS)
1924-07-1212 July 1924
Paris, France[1]

15.58 m (51 ft 1+1⁄4 in)

Mikio Oda (JPN)
1931-10-2727 October 1931
Tokyo, Japan[1]

15.72 m (51 ft 6+3⁄4 in)

Chuhei Nambu (JPN)
1932-08-1414 August 1932
Los Angeles, U.S.[1]

15.78 m (51 ft 9+1⁄4 in)

Jack Metcalfe (AUS)
1935-12-1414 December 1935
Sydney, Australia[1]

16.00 m (52 ft 5+3⁄4 in)
0.6
Naoto Tajima (JPN)
1936-08-066 August 1936
Berlin, Germany[1]

16.00 m (52 ft 5+3⁄4 in)
1.6
Adhemar da Silva (BRA)
1950-12-033 December 1950
São Paulo, Brazil[1]

16.01 m (52 ft 6+1⁄4 in)
1.2
Adhemar da Silva (BRA)
1951-09-3030 September 1951
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil[1]

16.12 m (52 ft 10+1⁄2 in)

Adhemar da Silva (BRA)
1952-07-2323 July 1952
Helsinki, Finland[1]

16.22 m (53 ft 2+1⁄2 in)

Adhemar da Silva (BRA)
1952-07-2323 July 1952
Helsinki, Finland[1]

16.23 m (53 ft 2+3⁄4 in)
1.5
Leonid Shcherbakov (URS)
1953-07-1919 July 1953
Moscow, Soviet Union[1]

16.56 m (54 ft 3+3⁄4 in) A
0.2
Adhemar da Silva (BRA)
1955-03-1616 March 1955
Mexico City, Mexico[1]

16.59 m (54 ft 5 in)
1.0
Oleg Ryakhovskiy (URS)
1958-07-2828 July 1958
Moscow, Soviet Union[1]

16.70 m (54 ft 9+1⁄4 in)
0.0
Oleg Fyodoseyev (URS)
1959-05-033 May 1959
Nalchik, Soviet Union[1]

17.03 m (55 ft 10+1⁄4 in)
1.0
Józef Szmidt (POL)
1960-08-055 August 1960
Olsztyn, Poland[1]

17.10 m (56 ft 1 in) A
0.0
Giuseppe Gentile (ITA)
1968-10-1616 October 1968
Mexico City, Mexico[1]

17.22 m (56 ft 5+3⁄4 in) A
0.0
Giuseppe Gentile (ITA)
1968-10-1717 October 1968
Mexico City, Mexico[1]

17.23 m (56 ft 6+1⁄4 in) A
2.0
Viktor Sanyeyev (URS)
1968-10-1717 October 1968
Mexico City, Mexico[1]

17.27 m (56 ft 7+3⁄4 in) A
2.0
Nelson Prudêncio (BRA)
1968-10-1717 October 1968
Mexico City, Mexico[1]

17.39 m (57 ft 1⁄2 in) A
2.0
Viktor Sanyeyev (URS)
1968-10-1717 October 1968
Mexico City, Mexico[1]

Based on the provided table and the supporting evidence listed.

Provide an answer to this question: What is the name of the athlete when the location is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Dan Ahearn ( né Daniel William Ahearne ; April 12 , 1888 - December 20 , 1942 ) was an Irish and later American track and field athlete and a member of the Irish American Athletic Club . He competed for the U.S. Olympic team in the 1920 Summer Olympics . He was born in Athea , Ireland and was the younger brother of Tim Ahearne . Ahearn immigrated with his family to the United States in 1909 where the e from Ahearne was dropped . He was not naturalized before 1912 because he was not allowed to compete in the 1912 Summer Olympics when he did not hold the U.S. citizenship . He won the National Amateur Athletic Union junior broad jump championship in 1908 . In 1909 Ahearn established several new records for the hop , skip , and jump , but the Amateur Athletic Union threw them out on technicalities . In July 1909 , Ahearn succeeded in getting his name on the record books by creating a new record for the two hops and jump , doing the distance of 50 feet 2 inches . In 1910 , at the games of the First Regiment Irish Volunteers held at Celtic Park , Long Island City.Dan Ahearn , the jumper of the Winged Fist Club , lowered the world 's record ( in the triple jump ) of 50 feet 1/2 inch , held by D. Shanahan , the Irish Jumper . In 1920 he finished sixth in the Olympic triple jump competition . He was later a policeman in Chicago and died there aged 54 .
New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion .
The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power .
Anthony William ( Nick ) Winter ( 25 August 1894 - 6 May 1955 ) was an Australian athlete , who was born in Brocklesby , New South Wales .
Paris ( French pronunciation : ​ [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire .
France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) .
Mikio Oda ( 織田 幹雄 , Oda Mikio , March 30 , 1905 - December 2 , 1998 ) was a Japanese athlete and the first Japanese Olympic gold medalist . He was the first Asian Olympic champion in an individual event .
Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 .
Chūhei Nambu ( 南部 忠平 , Nanbu Chūhei , May 27 , 1904 - July 23 , 1997 ) was a Japanese track and field athlete . As of 2013 [ update ] , he is the only person to have held world records in both the long jump and the triple jump .
Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood .
John Jack Patrick Metcalfe ( 3 February 1912 - 16 January 1994 ) was an Australian athlete who competed in high jump , long jump and javelin events , though he is best remembered as a triple jumper . He was educated at Sydney Boys High School and competed for Sydney University Athletics Club . At the 1934 Empire Games , Metcalfe won the triple jump and took a bronze medal in the long jump . In the high jump event he finished fourth . Competing in Sydney on 14 December 1935 , Metcalfe set a new world record in the triple jump , leaping 15.78 metres . In 1936 , Metcalfe won the bronze medal in the men 's triple jump at the Olympic Games held in Berlin , Germany . The winner Naoto Tajima of Japan broke the Australian 's world record during the competition . It was later reported that Metcalfe , who was self-coached , assisted the Japanese athletes during the competition and that German officials had complained about this . Metcalfe also participated in the high jump competition and finished twelfth . Metcalfe 's bronze was the only medal won by the entire Australian team at this Olympic Games . At his final international competition - the 1938 British Empire Games in his home-town of Sydney - Metcalfe defended his triple jump gold medal and also took bronze in the javelin . In the long jump event he finished fifth and in the high jump competition he finished seventh .
Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world .
Naoto Tajima ( 田島 直人 , Tajima Naoto , August 15 , 1912 - December 4 , 1990 ) was a Japanese athlete who competed at the 1932 and 1936 Olympics . In 1932 he finished sixth in the long jump , while in 1936 he finished third in the long jump , behind Jesse Owens and Lutz Long , and won the triple jump event , setting a world record at 16.00 m. This record stood until 1951 , when Adhemar da Silva improved it by 1 centimeter . Born in Iwakuni , Tajima graduated from Kyoto Imperial University just prior to competing in the Olympics . His gold medal was Japan 's last Olympic track and field gold medal until Naoko Takahashi won the women 's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics .
Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world .
Adhemar Ferreira da Silva ( September 29 , 1927 - January 12 , 2001 ) was a Brazilian triple jumper . He won two Olympic gold medals and set four world records in athletics , the last being 16.56 metres in 1955 Pan American Games . In his early career he also competed in the long jump , placing fourth at the 1951 Pan American Games .
São Paulo ( /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/ ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɐ̃w̃ ˈpawlu ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil . The metropolis is an alpha global city ( as listed by the GaWC ) and the most populous city in Brazil , the Western Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere , besides being the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world . The municipality is also the world 's 12th largest city proper by population . The city is the capital of the surrounding state of São Paulo , the most populous and wealthiest state in Brazil . It exerts strong international influences in commerce , finance , arts and entertainment . The name of the city honors the Apostle , Saint Paul of Tarsus . The city 's metropolitan area , the Greater São Paulo , ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth . The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo ( Campinas , Santos , Sorocaba and the Paraíba Valley ) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis , a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants , one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world . Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere , the city is home to the São Paulo Stock Exchange . Paulista Avenue is the economic core of São Paulo . The city has the 11th largest GDP in the world , representing alone 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of São Paulo , being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil , and has been responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005 . The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil , including the Mirante do Vale , Edifício Itália , Banespa , North Tower and many others .
Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves .
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛəroʊ , - deɪ - , - də -/ ; Portuguese : [ ˈhi.u d ( ʒi ) ʒɐˈne ( j ) ɾu ] ( listen ) ; River of January ) , or simply Rio , is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas . Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil 's third-most populous state . Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site , named Rio de Janeiro : Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea , by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape . Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese , the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro , a domain of the Portuguese Empire . Later , in 1763 , it became the capital of the State of Brazil , a state of the Portuguese Empire . In 1808 , when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil , Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal , who subsequently , in 1815 , under the leadership of her son , the Prince Regent , and future King João VI of Portugal , raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom , within the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil , and Algarves . Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 , when the War of Brazilian Independence began . This is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies . Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy , the Empire of Brazil , until 1889 , and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília . Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country , and 30th largest in the world in 2008 , estimated at about R $ 343 billion ( nearly US $ 201 billion ) . It is headquarters to Brazilian oil , mining , and telecommunications companies , including two of the country 's major corporations - Petrobras and Vale - and Latin America 's largest telemedia conglomerate , Grupo Globo . The home of many universities and institutes , it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil , accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data .
Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world .
Leonid Mikhailovich Shcherbakov ( Russian : Леонид Михайлович Щербаков , born 7 April 1927 ) is a retired Russian triple jumper who won a silver medal at the 1952 Olympics . He broke the world record in 1953 and won the European title in 1950 and 1954 . Domestically he won eight consecutive Soviet titles in 1949-56 . After retiring from competitions , Shcherbakov worked at the Russian State University of Physical Education , Sport , Youth and Tourism , and later coached triple jumpers in Algeria and Cuba . His trainees included Pedro Pérez . In 1987 he was named an IAAF top 10 performer of all time in the triple jump .
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade .
The Soviet Union , [ b ] officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR or СССР ) , [ c ] was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991 . Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics , [ d ] in practice its government and economy were highly centralized . The country was a one-party state , governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) . Other major urban centers were Leningrad , Kiev , Minsk , Tashkent , Alma-Ata , and Novosibirsk . It spanned over 10,000 kilometers ( 6,200 mi ) east to west across 11 time zones , and over 7,200 kilometers ( 4,500 mi ) north to south . Its territory included much of Eastern Europe , as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia . It had five climate zones : tundra , taiga , steppes , desert and mountains . The Soviet Union had its roots in the 1917 October Revolution , when the Bolsheviks , led by Vladimir Lenin , overthrew the Russian Provisional Government which had replaced the autocratic regime of Tsar Nicholas II during World War I . In 1922 , after a civil war ending in the Bolsheviks ' victory , the USSR was formed by a treaty which united the Russian , Transcaucasian , Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics . Following Lenin 's death in 1924 and a brief power struggle , Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s . Stalin formalized the Communist Party 's ideology of Marxism-Leninism and replaced the market economy with a command economy which led to a period of rapid industrialization and collectivization . During this period , rapid economic development resulted in dramatic improvements in the average standard of living , particularly in urban areas .
Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) .
Oleg Anatolevitch Ryakhovskiy ( Russian : Олег Анатольевич Ряховский ; born 19 October 1933 ) is a Russian former Soviet triple jumper . He is a former world record holder , the 1958 silver medallist at the European Athletics Championships , and twice Soviet national champion . Born in Tashkent , Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic , Ryakhovskiy began to reach elite level in the 1955 track and field season , clearing a best of 15.40 m ( 50 ft 6 1⁄4 in ) , which ranked him within the world 's top 20 jumpers that season . He rose to seventh in the world rankings in 1957 with 15.93 m ( 52 ft 3 in ) , then gave the best performance of the season in 1958 , at 16.29 m ( 53 ft 5 1⁄4 in ) . The latter mark was achieved at the Soviet Athletics Championships , where he put an end to Leonid Shcherbakov long-running streak to win his first national title . The peak of Ryakhovskiy 's career came in 1958 . That year he achieved a triple jump world record of 16.59 m ( 54 ft 5 in ) at the 1958 USA-USSR International Match , improving upon Brazilian Adhemar da Silva 's three-year-old record by three centimetres . Ryakhovskiy 's record stood for less than a year , as it was improved by fellow Soviet Oleg Fedoseyev the following May . Ryakhovskiy was selected for the Soviet team for the 1958 European Athletics Championships . Despite clearing sixteen metres at the competition ( which no athlete had done previously ) he was outperformed by Poland 's Józef Szmidt and settled for European silver . He closed the season with a second straight national title at the Soviet Championships . He had an unusual technique for the time , which relied less on lift in the jump stage and more on raw speed ( he had a best of 10.6 seconds for the 100 metres ) .
Oleg Georgiyevich Fedoseyev ( Russian : Олег Георгиевич Федосеев , 4 June 1936 - 14 June 2001 ) was a Russian athlete . He was a Soviet champion in the long jump in 1956 and 1958 , but finished only eighth at the 1956 Olympics and 1958 European Championships . Fedoseyev then changed to triple jump and in 1959 won a Soviet title and set a world record in this event at 16.70 m. He later won a bronze medal at the 1962 European Championships and a silver at the 1964 Olympics . He also competed in sprint at the national level and in 1962 won a Soviet title in the 4 × 100 m relay .
Nalchik ( Russian : Нальчик , IPA : [ ˈnalʲtɕɪk ] ; Kabardian : Налщӏэч /naːɮɕʼakʲ/ ; Karachay-Balkar : Нальчик /naltsɯk/ ) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic , Russia , situated at an altitude of 550 meters ( 1,800 ft ) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains ; about 100 kilometers ( 62 mi ) northwest of Beslan ( Beslan is in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania ) . It covers an area of 131 square kilometers ( 51 sq mi ) . Its population has fluctuated over the years , with the following numbers : 240,203 ( 2010 Census ) ; 274,974 ( 2002 Census ) ; 234,547 ( 1989 Census ) .
Józef Szmidt ( born 28 March 1935 as Josef Schmidt ) is a former Polish athlete . He was born in Miechowitz , Beuthen , Province of Upper Silesia , Germany . With a jump of 17.03m in 1960 , Szmidt was the first triple jumper to reach 17 metres .
Olsztyn ( UK : /ˈɒlʃtɪn/ OL-shtin , Polish : [ ˈɔlʂtɨn ] ( listen ) ; German : Allenstein [ ˈʔalənʃtaɪn ] ( listen ) ; Old Polish : Holstin ; Old Prussian : Alnāsteini or Alnestabs ; Lithuanian : Olštynas ) is a city on the Łyna River in northeastern Poland . Olsztyn is the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , and is a city with county rights . The population of the city was estimated at 172,362 residents in 2018 . Founded as Allenstein in the 14th century , Olsztyn was under the control and influence of the Teutonic Order until 1454 , when it was incorporated into the Polish Crown . For centuries the city was an important centre of trade , crafts , science and administration in the Warmia region linking Warsaw with Königsberg . Following the First Partition of Poland in 1772 Warmia was annexed by Prussia and ceased to be the property of the clergy . In the 19th century the city changed its status completely , becoming the most prominent economic hub of the southern part of Eastern Prussia . The construction of a railway and early industrialization greatly contributed to Olsztyn 's significance . Following World War II , the city returned to Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . Since 1999 Olsztyn has been the capital city of the Warmia-Masuria . In the same year , the University of Warmia and Masuria was founded from the fusion of three other local universities . Today , the Castle of Warmian Bishops houses a museum and is a venue for concerts , art exhibitions , film shows and other cultural events , which make Olsztyn a popular tourist destination .
Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 .
Giuseppe Gentile ( born 4 September 1943 ) is a retired Italian triple jumper , who won a bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics .
Mexico City , or the City of Mexico ( Spanish : Ciudad de México , American Spanish : [ sjuˈða ( ð ) ðe ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; abbreviated as CDMX , Nahuatl languages : Āltepētl Mēxihco ) , is one of the 32 states which make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico and the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America . It is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the world . It is located in the Valley of Mexico ( Valle de México ) , a large valley in the high plateaus in the center of Mexico , at an altitude of 2,240 meters ( 7,350 ft ) . The city has 16 alcaldías , formerly known as boroughs . The 2009 population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people , with a land area of 1,485 square kilometers ( 573 sq mi ) . According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments , the population of Greater Mexico City is 21.3 million , which makes it the second largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere , the eleventh-largest agglomeration ( 2017 ) , and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world . Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $ 411 billion in 2011 , making Greater Mexico City one of the most productive urban areas in the world . The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico 's GDP , and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP . If it were an independent country , in 2013 , Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America , five times as large as Costa Rica and about the same size as Peru . Mexico 's capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by indigenous people , the other being Quito , Ecuador . The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan , which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards . In 1524 , the municipality of Mexico City was established , known as México Tenochtitlán , and as of 1585 , it was officially known as Ciudad de México ( Mexico City ) .
Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .
Viktor Danilovich Saneyev ( Georgia ( country ) ვიქტორ სანაევი born 3 October 1945 ) is a retired triple jumper , who competed internationally for the USSR and won four Olympic medals ; three golds ( 1968 , 1972 and 1976 ) and one silver ( 1980 ) . He was born in Sukhumi , Georgian SSR , and trained in Sukhumi and later in Tbilisi .
Nelson Prudêncio ( April 4 , 1944 - November 23 , 2012 ) was a Brazilian athlete who competed in the triple jump . He won silver medals at the 1967 and 1971 Pan American Games and 1968 Summer Olympics , and a bronze at the 1972 Summer Olympics . Prudêncio was ranked world 's # 2 in 1968 , # 3 in 1972 , # 5 in 1975 , and # 8 in 1971 . Prudêncio 's jump of 17.27 metres ( 56 feet 8 inches ) at the 1968 Olympics was the world record before Viktor Saneyev extended it to 17.39 metres ( 57 feet 1 inch ) a few minutes later . Prudêncio was Professor of Physical Education at the Federal University of São Carlos and vice-president of Confederação Brasileira de Atletismo ( Brazilian Athletics Confederation ) . He died of lung cancer on November 23 , 2012 , in São Carlos . He was 68 years old .