List of Ultras of Antarctica
Antarctica
Table:
No

Peak

Country

Elevation (m)

Prominence (m)

Col (m)

1

Vinson Massif

Antarctica

4,892

4,892

0

2

Mount Erebus

Antarctica (Ross Island)

3,794

3,794

0

3

Mount Siple

Antarctica (Siple Island)

3,110

3,110

0

4

Mount Stephenson

Antarctica (Alexander Island)

2,987

2,987

0

5

Mount Français

Antarctica (Anvers Island)

2,760

2,760

0

6

Mount Minto

Antarctica

4,165

2,616

1549

7

Mount Kirkpatrick

Antarctica

4,528

2,601

1927

8

Mount Parry

Antarctica (Brabant Island)

2,520

2,520

0

9

Mount Sidley

Antarctica

4,285

2,517

1768

10

Mount Miller

Antarctica

4,160

2,354

1806

11

Mount Lister

Antarctica

4,025

2,325

1700

12

Mount Gaudry

Antarctica (Adelaide Island)

2,315

2,315

0

13

Mount Hope

Antarctica

3,239

2,242

997

14

Mount Takahe

Antarctica

3,460

2,134

1316

15

Mount Foster

Antarctica (Smith Island)

2,105

2,105

0

16

Mount Markham

Antarctica

4,350

2,103

2247

17

Mount Paris

Antarctica (Alexander Island)

2,896

2,058

838

18

Mount Murphy

Antarctica

2,705

2,055

650

19

Hawkes Heights

Antarctica (Coulman Island)

2,000

2,000

0

20

Mount Irving

Antarctica (Clarence Island)

1,950

1,950

0

Drawing on the provided table as well as the article excerpts provided at the end.

State the answer to the question: What is the Col ( m ) of the peak whose volcano may have last erupted during the Holocene , and thus it is probably a potentially active volcano ? Respond with the correct answer (omit explanations) in JSON format as {"answer": "YOUR ANSWER"}. Avoid adding external knowledge.

Vinson Massif ( /ˈvɪnsən mæˈsiːf/ ) is a large mountain massif in Antarctica that is 21 km ( 13 mi ) long and 13 km ( 8.1 mi ) wide and lies within the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains . It overlooks the Ronne Ice Shelf near the base of the Antarctic Peninsula . The massif is located about 1,200 kilometres ( 750 mi ) from the South Pole . Vinson Massif was discovered in January 1958 by U.S. Navy aircraft . In 1961 , the Vinson Massif was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names ( US-ACAN ) , after Carl G. Vinson , United States congressman from the state of Georgia , for his support for Antarctic exploration . On November 1 , 2006 , US-ACAN declared Mount Vinson and Vinson Massif to be separate entities . Mount Vinson is the highest peak in Antarctica , at 4,892 metres ( 16,050 ft ) . It lies in the north part of Vinson Massif 's summit plateau in the south portion of the main ridge of the Sentinel Range about 2 kilometres ( 1.2 mi ) north of Hollister Peak . It was first climbed in 1966 by an American team led by Nicholas Clinch . An expedition in 2001 was the first to climb via the Eastern route , and also took GPS measurements of the height of the peak . As of February 2010 , 1,400 climbers have attempted to reach the top of Mount Vinson .
Antarctica ( /ænˈtɑːrtɪkə/ or /æntˈɑːrktɪkə/ ( listen ) ) [ note 1 ] is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14,200,000 square kilometres ( 5,500,000 square miles ) , it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia . At 0.00008 people per square kilometre , it is by far the least densely populated continent . About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km ( 1.2 mi ; 6,200 ft ) in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Most of Antarctica is a polar desert , with annual precipitation of 200 mm ( 7.9 in ) along the coast and far less inland ; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years , yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there . The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C ( −128.6 °F ) ( or even −94.7 °C ( −135.8 °F ) as measured from space ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is −63 °C ( −81 °F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra . Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered , unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf .
Mount Erebus ( /ˈɛrɪbəs/ ) is the second-highest volcano in Antarctica ( after Mount Sidley ) and the southernmost active volcano on Earth . It is the sixth-highest ultra mountain on the continent . With a summit elevation of 3,794 metres ( 12,448 ft ) , it is located in the Ross Dependency on Ross Island , which is also home to three inactive volcanoes : Mount Terror , Mount Bird , and Mount Terra Nova . The volcano has been active since about 1.3 million years ago and is the site of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory run by the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology . The volcano was the site of the Air New Zealand Flight 901 accident , which occurred in November 1979 .
Ross Island is an island formed by four volcanoes in the Ross Sea near the continent of Antarctica , off the coast of Victoria Land in McMurdo Sound . Ross Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency , an area of Antarctica claimed by New Zealand .
Mount Siple is a potentially active Antarctic shield volcano , rising to 3,110 metres ( 10,203 ft ) and dominating the northwest part of Siple Island , which is separated from the Bakutis Coast , Marie Byrd Land , by the Getz Ice Shelf . Its youthful appearance strongly suggests that it last erupted in the Holocene . It is capped by a 4-by-5-kilometre ( 2.5 mi × 3.1 mi ) summit caldera , and tuff cones lie on the lower flanks . Recely Bluff is on the northeast slope of the mountain , about 7 nautical miles ( 13 km ) from the peak . Its volume of 1,800 cubic kilometres ( 430 cu mi ) is comparable to that of Mount Erebus . Mount Siple is named after Paul A. Siple ( 1908-68 ) , a US Antarctic explorer and geographer who took part in six Antarctic expeditions , including the two Byrd expeditions of 1928-30 and 1933-35 ( Siple Coast , Siple Island ) . He was in command of the West Base of the US Antarctic Service ( USAS ) , 1939-41 , and was navigator on all major exploratory flights from the base , including the flight on which Mount Siple was discovered . The mountain has no known record of being climbed . If it is in fact unclimbed , it is one of the most prominent unclimbed mountains in the world ( see highest unclimbed mountain ) . It receives very little publicity due to its remote location , and its topography has only been recorded by a sketch map . It has received fewer visits than many of its neighboring volcanoes . [ citation needed ]
Siple Island is a 110 km ( 68 mi ) long snow-covered island lying east of Wrigley Gulf along the Getz Ice Shelf off Bakutis Coast of Marie Byrd Land , Antarctica . Its centre is located at 73°51′S 125°50′W / 73.850°S 125.833°W / -73.850 ; -125.833 . Its area is 6,390 km2 ( 2,467 sq mi ) and it is dominated by the dormant shield volcano Mount Siple , rising to 3,110 m ( 10,203 ft ) - making this the 15th ranking island in the world by maximum elevation . The feature was first indicated as an island on U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) maps compiled from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos , 1959-65 . Island and mountain were named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names ( US-ACAN ) in 1967 in honour of the Antarctic explorer Paul A. Siple ( 1909-1968 ) , member of Admiral Byrd 's expeditions .
Mount Stephenson a mountain in Antarctica . It is located within the central portion of the Douglas Range , standing at the heads of Toynbee Glacier and Sedgwick Glacier 8 miles west of George VI Sound , near the east coast of Alexander Island within the British Antarctic Territory . At an elevation of 2,987 metres ( 9,800 ft ) , Mount Stephenson is the highest mountain in the Douglas Range and the highest point on Alexander Island . Mount Egbert ranks second , standing at 2,895 m and lies 8 nautical miles ( 15 km ) south-southeast of Mount Stephenson . The mountain was probably first seen in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot , but not recognized as part of the Douglas Range . It was first surveyed in 1936 by Stephenson , Fleming , and Bertram of the British Graham Land Expedition ( BGLE ) under Rymill . The east side of the mountain was resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey ( FIDS ) who named the feature for Alfred Stephenson , surveyor and leader of the BGLE party to George VI Sound in 1936 . Another landform on Alexander Island happens to be named for Alfred Stephenson , Stephenson Nunatak .
Alexander Island , which is also known as Alexander I Island , Alexander I Land , Alexander Land , Alexander I Archipelago , and Zemlja Alexandra I , is the largest island of Antarctica . It lies in the Bellingshausen Sea west of Palmer Land , Antarctic Peninsula from which it is separated by Marguerite Bay and George VI Sound . George VI Ice Shelf entirely fills George VI Sound and connects Alexander Island to Palmer Land . The island partly surrounds Wilkins Sound , which lies to its west . Alexander Island is about 390 kilometres ( 240 mi ) long in a north-south direction , 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) wide in the north , and 240 kilometres ( 150 mi ) wide in the south . Alexander Island is the second largest uninhabited island in the world , after Devon Island .
Mount Français is a mountain which forms the summit of Anvers Island , Antarctica standing southeast of the center of the island and 6 miles north of Borgen Bay . Mount Français has an elevation of 2,760 metres ( 9,055 ft ) and is part of the Trojan mountain range .
Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high , mountainous island 61 km ( 38 miles ) long , the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica . It was discovered by John Biscoe in 1832 and named in 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache after the province of Antwerp in Belgium . It lies south-west of Brabant Island at the south-western end of the group . The south-western coastline of the island forms part of the Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin Antarctic Specially Managed Area ( ASMA 7 ) . Cormorant Island , an Important Bird Area , lies 1 km off the south coast .
The Admiralty Mountains ( alternatively Admiralty Range ) is a large group of high mountains and individually named ranges and ridges in northeastern Victoria Land , Antarctica . This mountain group is bounded by the Ross Sea , the Southern Ocean , and by the Dennistoun , Ebbe , and Tucker glaciers . The mountain range is situated on the Pennell Coast , a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare . It was discovered in January 1841 by Captain James Ross , who named them for the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty under whose orders he served . The Admiralty Mountains are divided into the Dunedin Range , Homerun Range , and Lyttelton Range .
Mount Kirkpatrick is a lofty , generally ice-free mountain in Antarctica 's Queen Alexandra Range . Located 8 km ( 5 mi ) west of Mount Dickerson , Mt . Kirkpatrick is the highest point in the Queen Alexandra Range , as well as in its parent range , the Transantarctic Mountains . Discovered and named by the British Antarctic Expedition ( 1907-09 ) , the mountain was named for a Glasgow businessman , who was one of the original supporters of the expedition . Mount Kilpatrick is an alternate name for this mountain .
Mount Parry is a mountain in Stribog Mountains , Antarctica with an elevation of 2,520 metres ( 8,268 ft ) . Mount Parry rises eastward of Minot Point and dominates the central portion of Brabant Island , in the Palmer Archipelago . It has steep and partly ice-free north and west slopes , and surmounts Djerassi Glacier to the north-northwest , Mackenzie Glacier to the east , Balanstra Glacier to the south-southeast and Pirogov Glacier to the southwest . Mount Parry was first ascended by the British Joint Services Expedition led by John Furse on 30 October 1984 .
Brabant Island is the second largest island of the Palmer Archipelago within the British Antarctic Territory , lying between Anvers Island and Liège Island . Brabant Island is 59 km ( 37 mi ) long north-south , 30 km ( 19 mi ) wide , and rises to 2,520 m ( 8,268 ft ) in Mount Parry . The interior of the island is occupied by two mountain ranges , Solvay Mountains ( Cook Summit , 1590 m ) in its southern part and Stribog Mountains ( summit Mount Parry ) in its central and northern parts . It was named by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition ( 1897-1899 ) under Adrien de Gerlache , who named it after the Belgian Province of Brabant , in recognition of the support given to the expedition by its citizens . A paper summarizing the Joint Services expedition of 1984-1985 describes the island as notoriously inhospitable and states that there is evidence for only six visits between the discovery in 1898 and 1984 . Members of the expedition overwintered there in 1984-1985 , and made the first ascent of Mount Parry .
Mount Sidley is the highest dormant volcano in Antarctica , a member of the Volcanic Seven Summits , with a summit elevation of 4,181-4,285 metres ( 13,717-14,058 ft ) . It is a massive , mainly snow-covered shield volcano which is the highest of the five volcanic mountains that comprise the Executive Committee Range of Marie Byrd Land . The feature is marked by a 5 km wide caldera on the southern side and stands NE of Mount Waesche in the southern part of the range . The mountain was discovered by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd on an airplane flight , November 18 , 1934 , and named by him for Mabelle E. Sidley , the daughter of William Horlick who was a contributor to the 1933-35 Byrd Antarctic Expedition . Despite its height , the volcano 's extremely remote location means that it is little known even in the mountaineering world compared to the much more accessible Mount Erebus , the second highest Antarctic volcano which is located near the U.S. and New Zealand bases on Ross Island . The first recorded ascent of Mount Sidley was by New Zealander Bill Atkinson on January 11 , 1990 , whilst working in support of a United States Antarctic Program scientific field party .
Mount Miller ( 83°20′S 165°48′E / 83.333°S 165.800°E / -83.333 ; 165.800Coordinates : 83°20′S 165°48′E / 83.333°S 165.800°E / -83.333 ; 165.800 ) is a prominent mountain , 4,160 metres ( 13,650 ft ) high , in the Holland Range of Antarctica , standing 7 nautical miles ( 13 km ) south of Mount Lloyd . It was discovered and named by the British Antarctic Expedition , 1907-09 .
Mount Lister is a massive mountain , 4,025 metres ( 13,200 ft ) high , forming the highest point in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land , Antarctica . It was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition ( 1901-04 ) which named it for Lord Joseph Lister , President of the Royal Society , 1895-1900 .
Mount Gaudry is a mountain , 2,315 metres ( 7,600 ft ) high , rising close southwest of Mount Barre and 5 nautical miles ( 9 km ) north-northwest of Mount Liotard in the southern part of Adelaide Island , Antarctica . It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition , 1903-05 , under Jean-Baptiste Charcot , who named it after Albert Gaudry , a prominent French paleontologist .
Adelaide Island or Isla Adelaida or Isla Belgrano is a large , mainly ice-covered island , 139 kilometres ( 75 nmi ) long and 37 kilometres ( 20 nmi ) wide , lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula . The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end . Mount Bodys is the easternmost mountain on Adelaide Island , rising to over 1,220 m. The island lies within the Argentine , British and Chilean Antarctic claims .
Mount Hope is a mountain rising to 3,239 metres ( 10,627 ft ) , forming the central and highest peak of the Eternity Range in northern Palmer Land , Antarctic Peninsula , Antarctica , a part of an area claimed by the United Kingdom , over twice the size of Ben Nevis the highest mountain on the island of Great Britain . Following a 2017 survey , by the British Antarctic Survey team , Mount Hope was found to be higher than previously thought .
Mount Takahe is a large , snow-covered shield volcano standing 64 km SE of Toney Mountain in Marie Byrd Land , Antarctica . It is roughly circular , about 29 km across , and has a caldera up to 8 km wide . At 780 cubic km , it is a massive volcano . The volcano may have last erupted during the Holocene , and thus it is probably a potentially active volcano . Takahe was probably among those viewed from a distance by Admiral Byrd and other members of the USAS in plane flights from the ship Bear on Feb. 24 and 25 , 1940 . It was visited in December 1957 by members of the Marie Byrd Land Traverse Party , 1957-58 , who applied the name . Takahe , the Māori name for a flightless , almost extinct New Zealand bird , is the nickname of the U.S. Navy LC-47 aircraft whose crew resupplied the traverse party near this mountain and assisted by providing aerial reconnaissance to locate passable routes .
Mount Foster is a peak rising to 2,105 metres ( 6,906 ft ) in the Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands , Antarctica . It is the highest point of the South Shetland Islands archipelago . Mount Foster has triple peaks of which Mount Foster proper is the southernmost , the central one is Evlogi Peak ( 2090 m ) , and the northern one is Antim Peak ( 2070 m ) . The first ascent was made by Greg Landreth and team on 29 January 1996 . The feature is named after Captain Henry Foster , commander of HMS Chanticleer who explored the South Shetlands in 1829 .
Smith Island is 20 miles ( 32 km ) long and 5 miles ( 8.0 kilometres ) wide , lying 45 miles ( 72 km ) west of Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands of the British Antarctic Territory . Surface area 148 square kilometres ( 57 sq mi ) . The discovery of the South Shetland Islands was first reported in 1819 by Capt . William Smith , for whom the island is named . This island was known to both American and British sealers as early as 1820 , and the name Smith has been well established in international usage for over 100 years , although in Russian literature it is often referred to as Borodino Island , sometimes marked as Borodino ( Smith ) Island . The island hosts no research stations or camps , and is seldom visited by scientists or mountaineers . Its interior is entirely occupied by Imeon Range rising to 2,105 m ( 6,906 ft ) ( Mount Foster ) . The first detailed topographic mapping of the island was made by the Antarctic Place-names Commission and the Military Geographic Service of the Bulgarian Army and published in 2009 in both English and Bulgarian .
Mount Markham is a twin-peaked massif surmounting the north end of Antarctica 's Markham Plateau . The main peak has an elevation of 4,350 metres ( 14,272 ft ) and the lower sub-peak is 4,280 metres ( 14,042 ft ) high . Discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition of 1901-1904 ) , it is named for Sir Clements Markham , who , as President of the Royal Geographical Society , planned the expedition and chose Robert Falcon Scott as its leader . Mount Markham is the fourth-highest ultra prominent peak in Antarctica .
Mount Paris ( 68°59′S 70°50′W / 68.983°S 70.833°W / -68.983 ; -70.833 ) is a conspicuous mountain , about 2,800 m , 4 nautical miles ( 7 km ) southeast of Mount Bayonne situated in the northern portion of Alexander Island , Antarctica . The mountain was first mapped by the French Antarctic Expedition , 1908-10 , under Charcot , who named it for the French capital , Paris . The mountain was resighted in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition ( BGLE ) and charted as mountains , but subsequent study of air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition ( RARE ) , 1947-48 , has caused the name to be restricted to this single mountain . Mount Paris is the third-highest peak of Alexander Island , while Mount Egbert remains second standing at 2,850 m in height . This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document Mount Paris ( content from the Geographic Names Information System ) .
Mount Murphy is a massive , snow-covered and highly eroded shield volcano with steep , rocky slopes . It is directly south of Bear Peninsula , Marie Byrd Land , Antarctica . The mountain is bounded by the Smith , Pope and Haynes Glaciers .
Hawkes Heights is an ice-filled crater rising to 2,000 metres ( 6,600 ft ) that dominates the southern part of Coulman Island , in the Ross Sea , Antarctica , and marks the island 's summit . The feature was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition ( NZGSAE ) , 1958-59 , for Captain William M. Hawkes , U.S. Navy , who took a leading part in early air operations from Williams Field near McMurdo Station , including long range photo reconnaissance and supply flights , and the first air landing at the South Pole . He was commander of one of the two planes which made the historic first flight from Christchurch to McMurdo Station on December 17 , 1955 . His air photos proved of great value to two NZGSAE parties to this part of Victoria Land . Mount Hawkes is also named for Hawkes , who was assigned to Air Development Squadron Six ( VX-6 ) in 1955-56 .
Coulman Island is an ice-covered island , composed of several connected shield volcanos in the Ross Sea off Antarctica . It is 33.3 kilometres ( 18 nmi ) long and 14.8 kilometres ( 8 nmi ) and is located 17 kilometres ( 9 nmi ) SE of Cape Jones , Victoria Land . The Coulman caldera , 4.8 kilometres ( 3 mi ) wide and 701 metres ( 2,300 ft ) deep , can be found on the south end of the island . Emperor penguins inhabit this island . Coulman Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency , which is claimed by New Zealand ; a claim unrecognised by most other states . It was discovered in 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named it for his father-in-law , Thomas Coulman . A notable landmark of this island is Cape Anne , the south-easternmost point of the island , so named by Sir James Clark Ross for his wife . Cape Wadworth is the northernmost point of the island . The island has an elevation of 1,998 metres ( 6,555 ft ) .
Mount Irving is a mountain rising to ca . 1,950 metres ( 6,398 ft ) that is the dominant elevation on Clarence Island , in the South Shetland Islands . ( Some older sources used to give the elevation as 2,300 metres ( 7,546 ft ) . ) The rounded , heavily glaciated mountain is situated in Urda Ridge occupying the southern part of the island . A prominent feature , the mountain doubtless was known to sealers in the area in the 1820s . It was named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee ( UK-APC ) for Rear Admiral Sir Edmund George Irving , Royal Navy , Hydrographer of the Navy , 1960-66 . First ascent by a team comprising Capt . Crispin Agnew , John Hult and George Bruce of the Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island on 6 December 1970 .
Clarence Island is 21.46 km ( 13.3 mi ) long in south-southwest to north-northeast direction and the easternmost of the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica . The name dates back to at least 1821 and is now established in international usage . Ernest Shackleton saw Clarence Island on his famous boat voyage but landed on Elephant Island . It is claimed by Argentina as part of Argentine Antarctica , by Britain as part of the British Antarctic Territory , and by Chile as part of the Chilean Antarctic Territory . Ravelin Ridge and Urda Ridge occupy the interior of the mountainous island . The summit Mount Irving , 1,950 meters ( 6,398 ft ) high , rises 6.675 km ( 4.148 mi ) north of Cape Bowles , the southernmost point . The southeast slopes of the two ridges are drained by Dobrodan , Highton , Treskavets , Orcho and Banari Glaciers , and their northwest slopes - by Skaplizo , Giridava and Bersame Glaciers . There are two small islands just east of Clarence Island , the northern one is named Sugarloaf Island . Chinstrap Cove lies on the northwest coast of the island , while Istros Bay , Smith Cove and Kutela Cove lie on its southeast side . The high point on Clarence Island was reached by members of the Joint Services Elephant Island Expedition in 1970 , which also completed a survey of Elephant and Clarence Island .